PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
12527930-1	2003	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of pyrimidines and pyrimidine base analogs including the anticancer drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Xeloda.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
12527935-2	2003	The administered 5-FU is degraded mainly in the liver by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the initial rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolic pathway of pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	64-74	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	90-93
12623114-1	2003	We prepared 3"-deoxy-3"-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) from 3"-O-nosyl thymidine derivative 3 or its pyrimidine ring N-BOC-protected analogue 5 and optimized [(18)F]fluorination condition for a high radiochemical yield.	pyrimidine	106-116	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
12526824-0	2003	Prodrugs of purine and pyrimidine analogues for the intestinal di/tri-peptide transporter PepT1: affinity for hPepT1 in Caco-2 cells, drug release in aqueous media and in vitro metabolism.	pyrimidine	23-33	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
12526824-0	2003	Prodrugs of purine and pyrimidine analogues for the intestinal di/tri-peptide transporter PepT1: affinity for hPepT1 in Caco-2 cells, drug release in aqueous media and in vitro metabolism.	pyrimidine	23-33	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	110-116
12526824-1	2003	A general drug delivery approach for increasing oral bioavailability of purine and pyrimidine analogues such as acyclovir may be to link these compounds reversibly to stabilized dipeptide pro-moieties with affinity for the human intestinal di/tri-peptide transporter, hPepT1.	pyrimidine	83-93	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	268-274
12526701-2	2003	We report here the synthesis of a series of pyrimidine triple-helix-forming oligo-2"-deoxyribonucleotides conjugated with these molecules.	pyrimidine	44-54	oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-83
12516049-2	2003	E. coli uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme that directly converts 5-FU into 5-fluorouridine monophosphate and improves the antitumoral effect of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	53-63	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase homolog	Homo sapiens	8-40
12516049-2	2003	E. coli uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme that directly converts 5-FU into 5-fluorouridine monophosphate and improves the antitumoral effect of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	53-63	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase homolog	Homo sapiens	42-46
12691159-1	2003	The pyrimidine analogue Ara-C and the purine analogues fludarabine and cladribine (2-CdA) are essential compounds in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).	pyrimidine	4-14	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	85-88
14657601-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: Cytidine deaminase (CDD) is involved in the metabolism of new pyrimidine analogues, capecitabine (N(4)-pentyloxycarbonyl-5"-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine) and gemcitabine (2",2"-difluorodeoxycytidine).	pyrimidine	73-83	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	11-29
14657601-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: Cytidine deaminase (CDD) is involved in the metabolism of new pyrimidine analogues, capecitabine (N(4)-pentyloxycarbonyl-5"-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine) and gemcitabine (2",2"-difluorodeoxycytidine).	pyrimidine	73-83	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	31-34
12509619-8	2003	The inhibition of MMP-1 and IL-6 production was due to the known inhibitory effect of A77 1726 on pyrimidine synthesis, as it was reversed by the addition of uridine.	pyrimidine	98-108	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
12509619-8	2003	The inhibition of MMP-1 and IL-6 production was due to the known inhibitory effect of A77 1726 on pyrimidine synthesis, as it was reversed by the addition of uridine.	pyrimidine	98-108	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	28-32
12376536-2	2002	Vitamin B(1) in its active form thiamin pyrophosphate is an essential coenzyme that is synthesized by coupling of pyrimidine (hydroxymethylpyrimidine; HMP) and thiazole (hydroxyethylthiazole) moieties in bacteria.	pyrimidine	114-124	inner membrane mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	151-154
12429345-1	2002	Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a salvage pathway enzyme that can phosphorylate both pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including important antiviral and cytostatic agents.	pyrimidine	83-93	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-20
12510827-2	2002	Classical nucleophilic substitution conditions (K2CO3, 18-crown-6) of the tosylate 2 as well as Mitsunobu reaction (DEAD, PPh3) of alcohol 1 with pyrimidine bases afforded a series of novel cyclopropyl nucleosides.	pyrimidine	146-156	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
12429345-1	2002	Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a salvage pathway enzyme that can phosphorylate both pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including important antiviral and cytostatic agents.	pyrimidine	83-93	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	22-25
12372510-0	2002	Synthesis and evaluation of 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor binding affinities of novel pyrimidine derivatives.	pyrimidine	87-97	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	28-35
12571813-1	2002	Pemetrexed is a novel antifolate that inhibits three enzymes in the de novo purine and pyrimidine pathways including thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase.	pyrimidine	87-97	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	117-137
12571813-1	2002	Pemetrexed is a novel antifolate that inhibits three enzymes in the de novo purine and pyrimidine pathways including thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase.	pyrimidine	87-97	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	139-162
12189151-3	2002	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate (DHO) to produce orotate, a key step in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	119-129	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
12189151-3	2002	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate (DHO) to produce orotate, a key step in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	119-129	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
12372626-1	2002	The mitochondrial membrane bound dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH; EC 1.3.99.11) catalyzes the fourth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	113-123	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	33-61
12372626-1	2002	The mitochondrial membrane bound dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH; EC 1.3.99.11) catalyzes the fourth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	113-123	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	63-68
12296748-1	2002	Stacking energies in low-energy geometries of pyrimidine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine homodimers were determined by the MP2 and CCSD(T) calculations utilizing a wide range of split-valence, correlation-consistent, and bond-functions basis sets.	pyrimidine	46-56	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
12296748-2	2002	Complete basis set MP2 (CBS MP2) stacking energies extrapolated using aug-cc-pVXZ (X = D, T, and for pyrimidine dimer Q) basis sets equal to -5.3, -12.3, and -11.2 kcal/mol for the first three dimers, respectively.	pyrimidine	101-111	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
12531031-1	2002	The mammalian endonuclease III homolog NTH1 is a DNA glycosylase/AP lyase that recognizes oxidized pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	99-109	nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
12531031-1	2002	The mammalian endonuclease III homolog NTH1 is a DNA glycosylase/AP lyase that recognizes oxidized pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	99-109	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	65-73
12683746-3	2002	Modelling predicted that alkyl/aryl substitution on the 6-position of the pyrimidine ring should increase enzyme activity of 5-benzyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidines as inhibitors of leishmanial and trypanosomal dihydrofolate reductase.	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	203-226
12192562-1	2002	Here we report the expression of major pyrimidine metabolising enzymes in pancreatic cancer cell lines, chronic pancreatitis tissue and human pancreatic cancer and the in vitro uptake of 3"-[(18)F]fluoro-3"-deoxythymidine ([(18)F]FLT).	pyrimidine	39-49	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	230-233
12218161-0	2002	Restriction of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibits Th1 cell activation and promotes Th2 cell differentiation.	pyrimidine	23-33	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	56-59
12218161-0	2002	Restriction of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibits Th1 cell activation and promotes Th2 cell differentiation.	pyrimidine	23-33	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	89-92
12207516-4	2002	Our results compare well with the experiment for deoxyguanosine and predict a novel trend in the case of pyrimidine bases for which no NMR results are available in the syn region.	pyrimidine	105-115	synemin	Homo sapiens	168-171
12193549-2	2002	The consensus sequence for the transcription factor deltaEF1 is homologous to two pyrimidine-rich repeats in intron 1 that contribute to silencing of osteocalcin-reporter fusion genes.	pyrimidine	82-92	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-60
12193549-2	2002	The consensus sequence for the transcription factor deltaEF1 is homologous to two pyrimidine-rich repeats in intron 1 that contribute to silencing of osteocalcin-reporter fusion genes.	pyrimidine	82-92	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	150-161
12213251-1	2002	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, EC 1.3.99.11), the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine de novo synthesis, is an integral flavoprotein of the inner mitchondrial membrane and is functionally connected to the respiratory chain.	pyrimidine	73-83	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-28
12213251-1	2002	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, EC 1.3.99.11), the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine de novo synthesis, is an integral flavoprotein of the inner mitchondrial membrane and is functionally connected to the respiratory chain.	pyrimidine	73-83	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	30-35
12167705-1	2002	DNA N-glycosylase/AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase enzymes of the endonuclease III family (nth in Escherichia coli and Nth1 in mammalian organisms) initiate DNA base excision repair of oxidized ring saturated pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	209-219	nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli)	Mus musculus	119-123
12119040-10	2002	Finally, the base 5" to the mismatched G in the G:T mispair conferred sequence preference on the A1235 extract in the presence of ATP and TDG, with a pyrimidine (especially cytosine) being much favored over a purine.	pyrimidine	150-160	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	130-133
12104082-2	2002	There have been efforts to isolate a monoclonal antibody that will bind selectively to pyrimidine and can be used to measure the concentration of pyrimidine in blood and/or in urine that may reflect the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.	pyrimidine	87-97	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	215-246
12104082-2	2002	There have been efforts to isolate a monoclonal antibody that will bind selectively to pyrimidine and can be used to measure the concentration of pyrimidine in blood and/or in urine that may reflect the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.	pyrimidine	146-156	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	215-246
12130696-4	2002	The 60-kDa protein binding site lies within a 112-nt pyrimidine-rich sequence, approximately 160 nt from the coding sequence, and the RNA-protein complex can be precipitated by a monoclonal antibody directed against hnRNP I [also named polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB)].	pyrimidine	53-63	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	216-223
12130696-4	2002	The 60-kDa protein binding site lies within a 112-nt pyrimidine-rich sequence, approximately 160 nt from the coding sequence, and the RNA-protein complex can be precipitated by a monoclonal antibody directed against hnRNP I [also named polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB)].	pyrimidine	53-63	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	236-272
12130696-4	2002	The 60-kDa protein binding site lies within a 112-nt pyrimidine-rich sequence, approximately 160 nt from the coding sequence, and the RNA-protein complex can be precipitated by a monoclonal antibody directed against hnRNP I [also named polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB)].	pyrimidine	53-63	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	274-277
12119040-10	2002	Finally, the base 5" to the mismatched G in the G:T mispair conferred sequence preference on the A1235 extract in the presence of ATP and TDG, with a pyrimidine (especially cytosine) being much favored over a purine.	pyrimidine	150-160	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	138-141
12123744-4	2002	Study of cellular mechanisms responsible for cross-resistance to pyrimidine analogs in AZT-resistant H9 cells revealed decreased mRNA levels of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and lack of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) mRNA expression.	pyrimidine	65-75	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	144-162
12123744-4	2002	Study of cellular mechanisms responsible for cross-resistance to pyrimidine analogs in AZT-resistant H9 cells revealed decreased mRNA levels of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and lack of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) mRNA expression.	pyrimidine	65-75	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	164-167
12096904-7	2002	Using an in vitro hY RNA-binding assay we established that the internal pyrimidine-rich loop of hY1 and hY3 RNA is essential for the association of nucleolin.	pyrimidine	72-82	RNA, Ro60-associated Y1	Homo sapiens	96-99
12006583-4	2002	In the present study, hENT1, rENT1, hENT2, and rENT2 were produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes and investigated for their ability to transport pyrimidine and purine nucleobases.	pyrimidine	141-151	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-27
12096904-7	2002	Using an in vitro hY RNA-binding assay we established that the internal pyrimidine-rich loop of hY1 and hY3 RNA is essential for the association of nucleolin.	pyrimidine	72-82	RNA, Ro60-associated Y3	Homo sapiens	104-107
12096904-7	2002	Using an in vitro hY RNA-binding assay we established that the internal pyrimidine-rich loop of hY1 and hY3 RNA is essential for the association of nucleolin.	pyrimidine	72-82	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	148-157
12096904-9	2002	Moreover, we demonstrate that, in contrast to nucleolin and hnRNP K, nucleolin and hnRNP I can bind simultaneously to the internal pyrimidine-rich loop of hY1 RNA.	pyrimidine	131-141	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	69-78
12096904-9	2002	Moreover, we demonstrate that, in contrast to nucleolin and hnRNP K, nucleolin and hnRNP I can bind simultaneously to the internal pyrimidine-rich loop of hY1 RNA.	pyrimidine	131-141	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-90
12096904-9	2002	Moreover, we demonstrate that, in contrast to nucleolin and hnRNP K, nucleolin and hnRNP I can bind simultaneously to the internal pyrimidine-rich loop of hY1 RNA.	pyrimidine	131-141	RNA, Ro60-associated Y1	Homo sapiens	155-158
11986331-1	2002	CAD, a large multifunctional protein that carries carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPSase), aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase activities, catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells.	pyrimidine	194-204	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12061876-3	2002	Modification of the substituent at the 2 position of the pyrimidine led to the most active compound 14 which inhibited release of TNF-alpha (IC(50) = 3.2 microM) and IL-1beta (IC(50) = 2.3 microM) from PBMC as effectively as the model imidazole inhibitor ML 3163 (TNF-alpha, IC(50) = 3.7 microM; IL-1beta, IC(50) = 0.9 microM).	pyrimidine	57-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-139
12055084-1	2002	The human concentrative (Na+-linked) plasma membrane transport proteins hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 are pyrimidine nucleoside-selective (system cit), purine nucleoside-selective (system cif), or broadly selective for both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides (system cib), respectively.	pyrimidine	100-110	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
12055084-1	2002	The human concentrative (Na+-linked) plasma membrane transport proteins hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 are pyrimidine nucleoside-selective (system cit), purine nucleoside-selective (system cif), or broadly selective for both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides (system cib), respectively.	pyrimidine	100-110	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	79-84
12055084-1	2002	The human concentrative (Na+-linked) plasma membrane transport proteins hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 are pyrimidine nucleoside-selective (system cit), purine nucleoside-selective (system cif), or broadly selective for both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides (system cib), respectively.	pyrimidine	100-110	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	90-95
12069973-1	2002	A novel class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates has been discovered in which the base consists of a pyrimidine preferably containing an amino group at C-2 and C-4 and a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy (PMEO) or a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)propoxy (PMPO) group at C-6.	pyrimidine	101-111	complement C2	Homo sapiens	152-155
12069973-1	2002	A novel class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates has been discovered in which the base consists of a pyrimidine preferably containing an amino group at C-2 and C-4 and a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy (PMEO) or a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)propoxy (PMPO) group at C-6.	pyrimidine	101-111	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	160-163
12069973-1	2002	A novel class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates has been discovered in which the base consists of a pyrimidine preferably containing an amino group at C-2 and C-4 and a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy (PMEO) or a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)propoxy (PMPO) group at C-6.	pyrimidine	101-111	complement C6	Homo sapiens	253-256
12061876-3	2002	Modification of the substituent at the 2 position of the pyrimidine led to the most active compound 14 which inhibited release of TNF-alpha (IC(50) = 3.2 microM) and IL-1beta (IC(50) = 2.3 microM) from PBMC as effectively as the model imidazole inhibitor ML 3163 (TNF-alpha, IC(50) = 3.7 microM; IL-1beta, IC(50) = 0.9 microM).	pyrimidine	57-67	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	166-174
12061876-3	2002	Modification of the substituent at the 2 position of the pyrimidine led to the most active compound 14 which inhibited release of TNF-alpha (IC(50) = 3.2 microM) and IL-1beta (IC(50) = 2.3 microM) from PBMC as effectively as the model imidazole inhibitor ML 3163 (TNF-alpha, IC(50) = 3.7 microM; IL-1beta, IC(50) = 0.9 microM).	pyrimidine	57-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	264-273
12061876-3	2002	Modification of the substituent at the 2 position of the pyrimidine led to the most active compound 14 which inhibited release of TNF-alpha (IC(50) = 3.2 microM) and IL-1beta (IC(50) = 2.3 microM) from PBMC as effectively as the model imidazole inhibitor ML 3163 (TNF-alpha, IC(50) = 3.7 microM; IL-1beta, IC(50) = 0.9 microM).	pyrimidine	57-67	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	296-304
11934891-5	2002	These results suggested that SDT1 conferred pyrimidine-specific hyposensitivity by dephosphorylating active metabolites of 6- or 5-modified pyrimidines, i.e. 6- or 5-modified UMP.	pyrimidine	44-54	nucleotidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
12082017-1	2002	Lack of DNA polymerase eta and the attendant defect in bypass replication of pyrimidine dimers induced in DNA by ultraviolet light (UV) underlie the enhanced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis observed in xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V).	pyrimidine	77-87	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	232-236
12111094-3	2002	We identified, cloned and characterized the corresponding URH1 gene and its physiological function was determined by the measurement of metabolic fluxes in several mutants impaired in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	188-198	trifunctional uridine nucleosidase/nicotinamide riboside hydrolase/nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-62
12052230-7	2002	It is possible that CAD in the cytoplasm has a role unconnected with pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	69-79	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
11992786-3	2002	Combinatorial libraries designed to find novel replacements of fragments of oxytocin antagonist L-371,257, identified pyrimidine, thiazole, indole and benzofuran as potential alternatives to the benzoic acid moiety of L-371,257.	pyrimidine	118-128	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	76-84
11867641-1	2002	Splicing of the chicken beta-tropomyosin exon 6A is stimulated, both in vivo and in vitro, by an intronic pyrimidine-rich element (S4) located 37 nucleotides downstream of exon 6A.	pyrimidine	106-116	tropomyosin 2	Gallus gallus	24-40
12020815-6	2002	Mapping the 5" end of X. laevis Nop56 transcript indicates that it starts with a pyrimidine tract and the analysis of genomic clones revealed a snoRNA encoded in one of NOP56 introns.	pyrimidine	81-91	NOP56 ribonucleoprotein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	32-37
12108548-4	2002	Only two RNA positions bound by AUF1 show base preferences: one for pyrimidine bases and the second for a conserved adenine residue.	pyrimidine	68-78	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	32-36
11956089-0	2002	Uridine phosphorylase (-/-) murine embryonic stem cells clarify the key role of this enzyme in the regulation of the pyrimidine salvage pathway and in the activation of fluoropyrimidines.	pyrimidine	117-127	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	0-21
11956089-3	2002	In this cellular model, we establish the critical role of UPase as an important anabolic enzyme in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activation and pyrimidine salvage pathway regulation.	pyrimidine	136-146	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	58-63
11956089-11	2002	The reduced dependence of UPase knockout cells on the pyrimidine de novo synthesis is reflected in the apparent resistance to phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid, a specific inhibitor of pyrimidine pathway, with a 5-fold elevation in its IC(50) in UPase-nullified cells compared with WT.	pyrimidine	54-64	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	26-31
11956089-11	2002	The reduced dependence of UPase knockout cells on the pyrimidine de novo synthesis is reflected in the apparent resistance to phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid, a specific inhibitor of pyrimidine pathway, with a 5-fold elevation in its IC(50) in UPase-nullified cells compared with WT.	pyrimidine	182-192	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	26-31
11927571-6	2002	The mutations converted the dNK substrate specificity from predominantly pyrimidine specific into purine specific.	pyrimidine	73-83	deoxyribonucleoside kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	28-31
11936689-5	2002	This method can be useful to evaluate the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the chemotherapy drug fluoropyrimidine, which will be helpful in investigating subject variation of DPD and adjusting clinical dosage in pyrimidine chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	61-71	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	87-90
12023791-3	2002	Pemetrexed is a novel antimetabolite that inhibits three enzymes critical in purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways: thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase.	pyrimidine	88-98	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	122-142
12023791-3	2002	Pemetrexed is a novel antimetabolite that inhibits three enzymes critical in purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways: thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase.	pyrimidine	88-98	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	144-167
11936689-5	2002	This method can be useful to evaluate the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the chemotherapy drug fluoropyrimidine, which will be helpful in investigating subject variation of DPD and adjusting clinical dosage in pyrimidine chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	61-71	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	219-222
11872165-10	2002	The pyrimidine moiety of flavin is exposed to the solvent and can readily be attacked by molecular oxygen, while that in MCAD is protected from the solvent.	pyrimidine	4-14	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
11921093-2	2002	The fourth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis is catalysed by dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (Ura1 protein; EC 1.3.99.11), which was similarly characterized as a peripheral membrane protein.	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	59-88
11921093-2	2002	The fourth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis is catalysed by dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (Ura1 protein; EC 1.3.99.11), which was similarly characterized as a peripheral membrane protein.	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-94
11751932-4	2002	DNA binding studies revealed that the core MCAT sequence mediates binding of transcription enhancer factor-1 to the double-stranded polypurine-polypyrimidine element while flanking nucleotides account for interaction of Pur alpha and Pur beta with the purine-rich strand and MSY1 with the complementary pyrimidine-rich strand.	pyrimidine	147-157	malonyl CoA:ACP acyltransferase (mitochondrial)	Mus musculus	43-47
11872485-5	2002	Disruption of this gene in a conditionally pyrimidine-auxotrophic S. cerevisiae strain, which is also deficient in uridine kinase (urk1), leads to the inability of the mutant to utilize uridine as the sole source of pyrimidines.	pyrimidine	43-53	uridine kinase URK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-135
11935354-1	2002	The molecular modeling of Co(II)-bleomycin previously performed by us through NMR and molecular dynamics indicates that the most favorable structure for this complex is six-coordinate, with the secondary amine in beta-aminoalanine, the N5 and N1 nitrogens in the pyrimidine and imidazole rings, respectively, and the amide nitrogen in beta-hydroxyhistidine as equatorial ligands.	pyrimidine	263-273	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	26-32
11836594-2	2002	Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	46-56	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-20
11836594-2	2002	Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	46-56	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	22-24
11836594-3	2002	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is an important pyrimidine salvage enzyme.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
11802722-4	2002	Moreover, we find that PTB (polypyrimidine tract binding protein), a member of the hnRNP family, binds the pyrimidine strand of Hmga2 as well as similar ppyr/ppur elements of the c-Ki-ras (R.Y) and c-myc P1 promoters.	pyrimidine	32-42	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
11843630-3	2002	In this paper we report on the stability of Purine *Purine*Pyrimidine intermolecular triple helix DNA containing GAA/TTC repeats under physiological conditions.	pyrimidine	59-69	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	113-116
11809888-3	2002	The current work shows that g5p binding is also sensitive to sugar and pyrimidine modifications used in antisense oligomers.	pyrimidine	71-81	G-patch domain and ankyrin repeats 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
11711530-6	2002	Within this region, an alternating purine-pyrimidine stretch and a pair of serum-responsive elements (SRE) were found to be major determinants of growth arrest-induced apoD gene expression.	pyrimidine	42-52	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	168-172
11788430-5	2002	In cells transfected with P2Y receptors the stable pyrimidine agonist uridine 5"-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (UDPbetaS) was specific for P2Y(6) with no effect on P2Y(1), P2Y(2), or P2Y(4) receptors.	pyrimidine	51-61	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Rattus norvegicus	131-137
11788430-5	2002	In cells transfected with P2Y receptors the stable pyrimidine agonist uridine 5"-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (UDPbetaS) was specific for P2Y(6) with no effect on P2Y(1), P2Y(2), or P2Y(4) receptors.	pyrimidine	51-61	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	164-170
11802722-4	2002	Moreover, we find that PTB (polypyrimidine tract binding protein), a member of the hnRNP family, binds the pyrimidine strand of Hmga2 as well as similar ppyr/ppur elements of the c-Ki-ras (R.Y) and c-myc P1 promoters.	pyrimidine	32-42	high mobility group AT-hook 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
11802722-4	2002	Moreover, we find that PTB (polypyrimidine tract binding protein), a member of the hnRNP family, binds the pyrimidine strand of Hmga2 as well as similar ppyr/ppur elements of the c-Ki-ras (R.Y) and c-myc P1 promoters.	pyrimidine	32-42	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	179-187
11738578-1	2002	To improve water solubility and to study structure-activity relationships, we modified the structure of the pyrimidine nucleus of each of a series of potent ET(A) antagonists, 3a and 4a, at the 2-position.	pyrimidine	108-118	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	157-162
11738601-0	2002	Syntheses and evaluation of pyridazine and pyrimidine containing bioisosteres of (+/-)-pyrido[3.4-b]homotropane and pyrido-[3.4-b]tropane as novel nAChR ligands.	pyrimidine	43-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	147-152
11522581-1	2001	Leflunomide is a new immunosuppressive drug whose active metabolite, A77 1726, impairs cellular nucleotide metabolism by inhibiting the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	208-218	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	136-164
11914603-1	2002	The aim of the present study was to determine the relative intratumoral activity of two pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes, i.e. thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK), in human colorectal cancers to compare their possible relationship with demographic and pathologic characteristics of the patients and their tumors, and moreover to evaluate their predictive significance regarding 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity and the overall survival of patients, respectively.	pyrimidine	88-98	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	126-146
11726697-0	2001	Triplex formation by morpholino oligodeoxyribonucleotides in the HER-2/neu promoter requires the pyrimidine motif.	pyrimidine	97-107	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	65-74
11726697-5	2001	Using gel mobility shift analysis, our data demonstrate that triplex formation by phosphodiester oligonucleotides at the HER-2/neu promoter target is possible with pyrimidine-parallel, purine-antiparallel and mixed sequence (GT)-antiparallel motifs.	pyrimidine	164-174	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	121-130
11691935-3	2001	PHR2 is a gene that in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes a class II DNA photolyase which catalyzes the photorepair of cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	135-145	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-4
11668512-3	2001	Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) anabolises formation of pyrimidine nucleosides available for DNA synthesis, whereas dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolises the degradation of pyrimidine bases, thereby reducing levels of uracil and thymine available for DNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	53-63	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	113-144
11668512-3	2001	Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) anabolises formation of pyrimidine nucleosides available for DNA synthesis, whereas dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolises the degradation of pyrimidine bases, thereby reducing levels of uracil and thymine available for DNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	53-63	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	146-149
11668512-4	2001	In addition, tissue levels of TP or DPD have been associated with the clinical efficacy of pyrimidine anti-metabolites commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer.	pyrimidine	91-101	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	36-39
11557354-5	2001	The preliminary SAR studies suggested some of the structural features required for high affinity and selectivity; particularly the substituents on the pyrimidine moiety seemed to play an important role in PBR versus CBR selectivity.	pyrimidine	151-161	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
11719996-2	2001	In the case of aliphatic amines, the expected C-5 substituted methylamino pyrimidine nucleosides are formed along with by-products deriving from opening of the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	74-84	complement C5	Homo sapiens	46-49
11559088-0	2001	Novel pyrimidine-bridged platinum(II) complexes: multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and crystal structures of (NR4)2[(PtCl3)2(mu-pyrimidine)] and cis- and trans-[Pt(R2SO)Cl2]2(mu-pyrimidine).	pyrimidine	6-16	interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
11559088-1	2001	Two new types of pyrimidine-bridged Pt(II) complexes, (NR4)2[(PtCl3)2(mu-pm)] and cis- and trans-[Pt(R2SO)Cl2]2(mu-pm) where pm = pyrimidine, were synthesized and characterized by IR and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and by crystallographic methods.	pyrimidine	17-27	interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
11559088-3	2001	The aqueous reaction of K2PtCl4 with pyrimidine produced the [(PtCl3)2(mu-pm)](2-) ions, which can be precipitated with a NR4(+) salt.	pyrimidine	37-47	interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
11804209-5	2001	The deficiency of beta-ureidopropionase was confirmed by measuring all three enzymes of the pyrimidine degradation pathway.	pyrimidine	92-102	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	18-39
11746386-1	2001	3-Ureidopropionate (3-UPA) is a physiologic metabolite in pyrimidine degradation.	pyrimidine	58-68	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Gallus gallus	22-25
11522581-1	2001	Leflunomide is a new immunosuppressive drug whose active metabolite, A77 1726, impairs cellular nucleotide metabolism by inhibiting the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	208-218	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
11565743-3	2001	We now report that a second pyrimidine-rich sequence containing 11 consecutive uridines immediately downstream from the 5" splice site is required for efficient splicing inhibition by SXL.	pyrimidine	28-38	Sex lethal	Drosophila melanogaster	184-187
11478908-1	2001	We studied the formation of triplex DNA in the purine-pyrimidine-rich promoter site sequence of cyclin D1, located at -116 to -99 from the transcription initiation site, with a molecular beacon comprised of a G-rich 18-mer triplex forming oligodeoxyribonucleotide.	pyrimidine	54-64	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	96-105
11468363-2	2001	The pyrimidine-binding site of Ang was shown previously to be blocked by glutamine 117, indicating that Ang must undergo a conformational change to bind and cleave RNA.	pyrimidine	4-14	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	31-34
11468363-2	2001	The pyrimidine-binding site of Ang was shown previously to be blocked by glutamine 117, indicating that Ang must undergo a conformational change to bind and cleave RNA.	pyrimidine	4-14	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	104-107
11279198-3	2001	Experiments performed in vitro and in vivo with deletion mutants of hY1 RNA revealed its pyrimidine-rich central loop to be involved in interactions with both hnRNP I and K and clearly showed their binding sites to be different from the Ro60 binding site.	pyrimidine	89-99	RNA, Ro60-associated Y1	Homo sapiens	68-71
11454750-4	2001	When the S. kluyveri PYD3 gene was expressed in S. cerevisiae, which has no pyrimidine catabolic pathway, it enabled growth on N-carbamyl-beta-alanine as the sole nitrogen source.	pyrimidine	76-86	pyd3	Drosophila melanogaster	21-25
11283006-10	2001	We suggest that activation of the pyrimidine ring via covalent addition at C-6 is a major contributor to the rate of the chemistry step (k(chem)) in the case of cytosine but not 5-fluorocytosine.	pyrimidine	34-44	complement C6	Homo sapiens	75-78
11279198-3	2001	Experiments performed in vitro and in vivo with deletion mutants of hY1 RNA revealed its pyrimidine-rich central loop to be involved in interactions with both hnRNP I and K and clearly showed their binding sites to be different from the Ro60 binding site.	pyrimidine	89-99	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	159-166
11433449-0	2001	A 2",4"-Bridged Nucleic Acid Containing 2-Pyridone as a Nucleobase: Efficient Recognition of a C small middle dotG Interruption by Triplex Formation with a Pyrimidine Motif Part of this work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No.	pyrimidine	156-166	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	219-222
11376565-2	2001	The circadian-dependent efficacy and toxicity of 5-FU are related to the circadian variation in the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway.	pyrimidine	119-129	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	145-148
11404017-8	2001	However, unlike the human TGF-beta2 gene, the 5" flanking region of the murine TGF-beta2 gene contains a long alternating purine/pyrimidine repeat that unexpectedly exerts a strong positive effect on its promoter.	pyrimidine	129-139	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Mus musculus	79-88
11353070-0	2001	The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9 cell cycle checkpoint gene is required for optimal repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in both G(1) and G(2)/M phases of the cell cycle.	pyrimidine	106-116	chromatin-binding protein RAD9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
11383615-3	2001	Optimization of the alkoxy side chain attached to the core pyrimidine ring yielded the 2-fluoroethoxy derivative (5n) with further improvement of ET(A)-selectivity.	pyrimidine	59-69	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
11278417-2	2001	Uridine phosphorylase (UPase), a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, is associated with the intermediate filament protein vimentin, in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and colon 26 cells.	pyrimidine	51-61	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	23-28
11278417-2	2001	Uridine phosphorylase (UPase), a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, is associated with the intermediate filament protein vimentin, in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and colon 26 cells.	pyrimidine	51-61	vimentin	Mus musculus	132-140
11266171-0	2001	RPR203494 a pyrimidine analogue of the p38 inhibitor RPR200765A with an improved in vitro potency.	pyrimidine	12-22	exostosin like glycosyltransferase 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
11354672-2	2001	N-Isoxazolyl benzenesulfonamide 1a, previously reported, (1) was selected as a lead compound, and isosteric replacement of the isoxazole ring of 1a with a pyrimidine ring led to the discovery of the highly potent ETB selective antagonist 6e with oral bioavailability.	pyrimidine	155-165	endothelin receptor type B	Homo sapiens	213-216
11266171-0	2001	RPR203494 a pyrimidine analogue of the p38 inhibitor RPR200765A with an improved in vitro potency.	pyrimidine	12-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	39-42
11171631-3	2001	Only the purine-specific (N1; hCNT2) and the pyrimidine-specific (N2; hCNT1) Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporters were found to be present on the brush-border membranes of the enterocytes along the entire length of the fetal and adult small intestines.	pyrimidine	45-55	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
11248707-2	2001	Mammalian dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine de novo synthesis is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane that faces the intermembrane space and is functionally connected to the respiratory chain via ubiquinone.	pyrimidine	61-71	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	10-38
11310604-1	2001	Simple syntheses of four new and potent analogues of the 5-HT1A receptor ligand, WAY-100635 are described, namely the 6-(pyridinyl)-bromo-, the 6-(pyridinyl)-fluoro-, the pyrimidine- and the 5-(pyridinyl)-bromo-analogues.	pyrimidine	171-181	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	57-72
11212266-4	2001	Recent studies have identified 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (5-FdUR) and antifolate-resistant mutants of human thymidylate synthase (TS) that contain single residue substitutions within the highly conserved Arg50-loop, which binds the pyrimidine substrate (Y. Tong et al., J. Biol.	pyrimidine	231-241	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	107-127
11035006-1	2001	A major control element of the human c-myc oncogene is the nuclease-hypersensitive purine/pyrimidine-rich sequence.	pyrimidine	90-100	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	37-42
11245445-1	2001	Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a crucial target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis, which is necessary for DNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	98-108	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-20
11250198-8	2001	Interaction with the degenerate position is mediated by a purine-specific hydrogen bond to N7, ensuring specificity, and water-mediated H bonding to the purine N6/O6 and pyrimidine N4/O4, allowing degeneracy.	pyrimidine	170-180	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-37 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	181-186
11462976-3	2001	Modification of the pyrimidine substituents showed that 6,7-disubstitution provided the best activity and led to the identification of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (10f) as one of the most potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor in this series.	pyrimidine	20-30	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	265-270
11160666-3	2001	In this regard, we have identified an open reading frame (ORF) coding for a putative class II cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD)-photolyase in the genome of FPV.	pyrimidine	106-116	Photolyase	Fowlpox virus	129-139
11160880-3	2001	A major DNA N:-glycosylase responsible for the excision of modified pyrimidine bases is the base excision repair (BER) glycosylase endonuclease III, for which functional homologs have been identified and characterized in Escherichia coli, yeast and humans.	pyrimidine	68-78	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	131-147
11333014-5	2001	Here, on the basis of phylogenetic, structural, and molecular dynamics data, we discuss a conserved interaction established between the ribose of the U33 and the base at position 35, either a purine or a pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	204-214	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 33	Homo sapiens	150-153
11168355-6	2001	Binding was also observed between MBP-LOR3ARF and a pyrimidine-motif triplex DNA, although at lower affinity than Pu-triplex DNA.	pyrimidine	52-62	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	34-37
11746752-3	2001	Treatment with photoreactivating light, which selectively removes UVR-induced pyrimidine dimers, suppresses bFGF induction, indicating that UVR induction of bFGF is ultimately due to DNA damage.	pyrimidine	78-88	fibroblast growth factor 2	Monodelphis domestica	157-161
11396613-5	2001	hCNT3 and mCNT3 have primary structures that place them in a CNT subfamily separate from CNT1/2, transport a wide range of physiological pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and antineoplastic and antiviral nucleoside drugs (system cib), and exhibit a Na+:uridine coupling ratio of at least 2:1 (cf 1:1 for hCNT1/2).	pyrimidine	137-147	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
11396613-5	2001	hCNT3 and mCNT3 have primary structures that place them in a CNT subfamily separate from CNT1/2, transport a wide range of physiological pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and antineoplastic and antiviral nucleoside drugs (system cib), and exhibit a Na+:uridine coupling ratio of at least 2:1 (cf 1:1 for hCNT1/2).	pyrimidine	137-147	solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 3	Mus musculus	10-15
12836297-1	2001	Phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxyribonucleotide (S-ODN) bearing non-branched polyamine molecule at C-5 position of certain pyrimidine base were synthesized.	pyrimidine	128-138	complement C5	Homo sapiens	104-107
12836361-1	2001	The bicyclic pyrimidine analogue, 3,4-dihydro-6H,8H-pyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7-one (P) can base pair with both A and G. The riboside 5"-triphsophate of P (PTP) efficiently induces mutation during in vitro transcription and reverse transcription cycles using a phage promoter.	pyrimidine	13-23	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	157-160
12836317-0	2001	Binding activity of replication protein A to single-stranded DNA containing oxidized pyrimidine base.	pyrimidine	85-95	replication protein A1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	20-41
11118322-6	2000	An alternating purine-pyrimidine tract is located in the 3"-untranslated region of VPATPD.	pyrimidine	22-32	ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit d1	Homo sapiens	83-89
11113083-1	2000	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Concentrative nucleoside transporters CNT1 (pyrimidine preferring) and CNT2 (purine preferring) may be involved in the uptake of nucleoside-derived drugs used in antiviral and chemical therapies.	pyrimidine	67-77	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
10993893-2	2000	We have recently cloned a multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase of Drosophila melanogaster (Dm-dNK), and we have shown that the enzyme phosphorylates cytotoxic pyrimidine and purine nucleoside analogs.	pyrimidine	164-174	deoxyribonucleoside kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	96-102
11121484-3	2000	Previously we demonstrated that long GAA.TTC tracts impede transcription elongation in vitro and provided evidence that the impediment results from an intramolecular purine.purine.pyrimidine DNA triplex formed behind an advancing RNA polymerase.	pyrimidine	180-190	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	37-40
11099324-1	2000	PURPOSE: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme responsible for degradation of thymine, which is produced from thymidine by thymidine phosphorylase (TP).	pyrimidine	16-26	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	42-45
11099324-1	2000	PURPOSE: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme responsible for degradation of thymine, which is produced from thymidine by thymidine phosphorylase (TP).	pyrimidine	16-26	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	154-177
11099324-1	2000	PURPOSE: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme responsible for degradation of thymine, which is produced from thymidine by thymidine phosphorylase (TP).	pyrimidine	16-26	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	179-181
11501015-4	2000	Recently, newly synthesized pyrimidine compound, 2-piperadino-6-methyl-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro (7H) pyrrolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine maleate (MS-818) has been reported to augment the biological effect of bFGF in vitro.	pyrimidine	28-38	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
11067959-10	2000	The suppressive effects of leflunomide on TNF signaling were completely reversible by uridine, indicating a critical role for pyrimidine biosynthesis in TNF-mediated cellular responses.	pyrimidine	126-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
11067959-10	2000	The suppressive effects of leflunomide on TNF signaling were completely reversible by uridine, indicating a critical role for pyrimidine biosynthesis in TNF-mediated cellular responses.	pyrimidine	126-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	153-156
11086914-4	2000	Among them, the compounds having 1-benzimidazolyl, morpholino and cis-2,3-dimethylmorpholino groups as substituents on the 1,3,5-triazine ring or pyrimidine ring exhibited the most potent antitumor activity, and these compounds exhibited no or very weak aromatase inhibitory activity.	pyrimidine	146-156	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
11024179-0	2000	Cell cycle-independent removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the promoter and the transcription initiation domain of the human CDC2 gene.	pyrimidine	45-55	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-138
11113083-1	2000	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Concentrative nucleoside transporters CNT1 (pyrimidine preferring) and CNT2 (purine preferring) may be involved in the uptake of nucleoside-derived drugs used in antiviral and chemical therapies.	pyrimidine	67-77	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
11051231-0	2000	Green tea polyphenol treatment to human skin prevents formation of ultraviolet light B-induced pyrimidine dimers in DNA.	pyrimidine	95-105	solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2	Mus musculus	6-9
11045459-4	2000	On the other hand, pyrimidine analogs (PA series, 10 and 11) of potent RXR agonists (retinoid synergists) with a diphenylamine skeleton (DA series, 8 and 9) exhibited potent retinoid synergistic activity in HL-60 cell differentiation assay and activated RXRs.	pyrimidine	19-29	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-74
11057324-1	2000	The effect of fluorinated pyrimidine co-administered with docetaxel on transplantable human breast cancer strains MX-1 and R-27 was investigated using an in vitro succinic dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) method and an in vivo nude mouse transplant method.	pyrimidine	26-36	MX dynamin like GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
10956398-1	2000	Among the methodological approaches of tumor proliferation, thymidine kinase (TK) and thymidylate synthase (TS) assays take into account the specific pathways of pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	162-172	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	86-106
10982855-7	2000	The ISS1 sequence is pyrimidine rich, and in vitro cross-linking studies demonstrate binding of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) to this element.	pyrimidine	21-31	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	96-132
10982855-7	2000	The ISS1 sequence is pyrimidine rich, and in vitro cross-linking studies demonstrate binding of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) to this element.	pyrimidine	21-31	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
10985784-1	2000	Escherichia coli endonuclease III (Endo III) and its eukaryotic homologues are major repair enzymes for pyrimidine lesions formed by reactive oxygen species and ionizing radiation.	pyrimidine	104-114	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	17-33
10950861-4	2000	The purpose of this study was to directly measure the transport of nucleoside analogs by the sodium-coupled pyrimidine-selective transporter rCNT1 using electrophysiology methods.	pyrimidine	108-118	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
10944209-4	2000	This method was applied to generate a potent inhibitor for thymidylate synthase, an essential enzyme in pyrimidine metabolism with therapeutic applications in cancer and infectious diseases.	pyrimidine	104-114	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	59-79
11094978-6	2000	AtNTH1 exhibits DNA-glycosylase activity on different types of DNA substrates with pyrimidine damage, being able to release both urea and thymine glycol from double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides.	pyrimidine	83-93	DNA glycosylase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
10971175-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are important enzymes involved in the de novo DNA synthesis and the salvage pathways for pyrimidine, respectively.	pyrimidine	159-169	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	11-31
10891536-6	2000	Analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression associated with pyrimidine metabolism indicated that a significant decrease in orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity in DLD-1/5-FU cells, a 7-fold increase of TS mRNA in DLD-1/FdUrd cells, and a 37-fold decrease in thymidine kinase activity of DLD-1/F3(d)Thd cells were the major mechanisms of drug resistance.	pyrimidine	66-76	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	129-162
10891536-6	2000	Analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression associated with pyrimidine metabolism indicated that a significant decrease in orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity in DLD-1/5-FU cells, a 7-fold increase of TS mRNA in DLD-1/FdUrd cells, and a 37-fold decrease in thymidine kinase activity of DLD-1/F3(d)Thd cells were the major mechanisms of drug resistance.	pyrimidine	66-76	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	214-216
10971175-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are important enzymes involved in the de novo DNA synthesis and the salvage pathways for pyrimidine, respectively.	pyrimidine	159-169	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	33-35
10971175-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are important enzymes involved in the de novo DNA synthesis and the salvage pathways for pyrimidine, respectively.	pyrimidine	159-169	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	41-64
10971175-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are important enzymes involved in the de novo DNA synthesis and the salvage pathways for pyrimidine, respectively.	pyrimidine	159-169	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	66-68
10871361-1	2000	Binding constants for triplex formation between purine-rich oligonucleotides and a pyrimidine.purine tract of the human c-src proto-oncogene were measured by fluorescence polarization in the presence of polyamines, Na(+) and K(+).	pyrimidine	83-93	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	120-125
10882850-1	2000	Endonuclease III (Nth) of Escherichia coli is a DNA glycosylase essential for the removal of oxidised pyrimidine base residues from DNA.	pyrimidine	102-117	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
10877844-8	2000	Analogues with substituents on the pyrimidine ring bind to C406A MAO A more weakly than normal FAD, suggesting specific interactions with the N(3) and N(1) positions.	pyrimidine	35-45	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	65-70
10858305-4	2000	273, 26261] that the pyrimidine tract binding protein associated splicing factor PSF/p54(nrb) binds and stimulates DNA topoisomerase I.	pyrimidine	21-31	splicing factor proline and glutamine rich	Homo sapiens	81-84
10858305-4	2000	273, 26261] that the pyrimidine tract binding protein associated splicing factor PSF/p54(nrb) binds and stimulates DNA topoisomerase I.	pyrimidine	21-31	interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
10864913-12	2000	Inhibition of c-Src tyrosine kinase (4-amino-5-[4-chlorophenyl]-7-[t-butyl]pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine; PP2) or MEK-1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAP]/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK]-1) (PD98059, blocking ERK1/2) blocked or reversed the pulsatile-flow pH(i) change to acidification.	pyrimidine	91-101	C-terminal Src kinase	Bos taurus	14-35
10805729-3	2000	DDP1 was identified and purified on the basis of its binding to the pyrimidine-rich C strand of the centromeric Drosophila dodeca-satellite.	pyrimidine	68-78	Dodeca-satellite-binding protein 1	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
12861359-1	2000	Leflunomide is a new disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme critical for the production of pyrimidine necessary for DNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	197-207	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	117-145
12861359-1	2000	Leflunomide is a new disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme critical for the production of pyrimidine necessary for DNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	197-207	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	147-152
10805729-9	2000	DDP1 also showed a significant affinity for the unstructured pyrimidine-rich strand of the most abundant centromeric Drosophila AAGAG satellite.	pyrimidine	61-71	Dodeca-satellite-binding protein 1	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
10820032-1	2000	Escherichia coli Nth protein (endonuclease III) is a DNA glycosylase with a broad substrate specificity for pyrimidine derivatives.	pyrimidine	108-118	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	17-20
10820032-1	2000	Escherichia coli Nth protein (endonuclease III) is a DNA glycosylase with a broad substrate specificity for pyrimidine derivatives.	pyrimidine	108-118	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	30-46
10889450-1	2000	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	97-107	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
10779372-8	2000	A new proposal is also made for the amino acid sequence of the pyrimidine-binding domain, including Cys(671), of DPD in the human and other species.	pyrimidine	63-73	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	113-116
10777676-1	2000	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine-based antimetabolites.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
10777676-1	2000	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine-based antimetabolites.	pyrimidine	88-98	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-31
10777676-1	2000	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine-based antimetabolites.	pyrimidine	88-98	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
10889450-1	2000	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	97-107	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
10739924-1	2000	Crystals of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme orotidine 5"-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase) were grown by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique at 277 K using polyethylene glycol 4000 as the precipitant.	pyrimidine	41-51	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-108
10739924-1	2000	Crystals of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme orotidine 5"-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase) were grown by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique at 277 K using polyethylene glycol 4000 as the precipitant.	pyrimidine	41-51	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	110-116
10778957-4	2000	In this study, we investigated the association between intratumoral gene expression of the pyrimidine catabolism enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and the response of colorectal tumors to the same 5-FU-based protocol.	pyrimidine	91-101	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	120-151
10778957-4	2000	In this study, we investigated the association between intratumoral gene expression of the pyrimidine catabolism enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and the response of colorectal tumors to the same 5-FU-based protocol.	pyrimidine	91-101	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	153-156
10727948-1	2000	In animals, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a mitochondrial protein that carries out the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	120-130	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	12-40
10727948-1	2000	In animals, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a mitochondrial protein that carries out the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	120-130	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
10768774-6	2000	Sequence similarity between P1-1 and BPV 5 DNA at the nucleotide and amino acid level was limited to a stretch of 58 nucleotides which includes an oligopurine/pyrimidine tract.	pyrimidine	159-169	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	28-32
10758502-2	2000	UVR2 and UVR3 products were previously identified as photolyases that remove UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the presence of visible light.	pyrimidine	88-98	photolyase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
10758502-2	2000	UVR2 and UVR3 products were previously identified as photolyases that remove UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the presence of visible light.	pyrimidine	88-98	DNA photolyase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
10704409-10	2000	Comparison of the methylated sequences in SUPERMAN and AGAMOUS suggests that hypermethylation could involve DNA secondary structures formed by pyrimidine-rich sequences.	pyrimidine	143-153	C2H2 and C2HC zinc fingers superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-50
10691733-2	2000	Stimulation of pre-mRNA splicing by an adjacent cis-linked cleavage and polyadenylation site in HeLa cell nuclear extract is shown to occur at an early step in splicing, the binding of U2AF 65 to the pyrimidine tract of the intron 3" splice site.	pyrimidine	200-210	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	185-192
10706293-1	2000	Regulatory factor X (RFX) proteins are transcriptional activators that recognize X-boxes (DNA of the sequence 5"-GTNRCC(0-3N)RGYAAC-3", where N is any nucleotide, R is a purine and Y is a pyrimidine) using a highly conserved 76-residue DNA-binding domain (DBD).	pyrimidine	188-198	regulatory factor X1	Homo sapiens	0-19
10706293-1	2000	Regulatory factor X (RFX) proteins are transcriptional activators that recognize X-boxes (DNA of the sequence 5"-GTNRCC(0-3N)RGYAAC-3", where N is any nucleotide, R is a purine and Y is a pyrimidine) using a highly conserved 76-residue DNA-binding domain (DBD).	pyrimidine	188-198	regulatory factor X1	Homo sapiens	21-24
10704409-10	2000	Comparison of the methylated sequences in SUPERMAN and AGAMOUS suggests that hypermethylation could involve DNA secondary structures formed by pyrimidine-rich sequences.	pyrimidine	143-153	K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-62
10656811-16	2000	Apparently, dihydrouracil and DHPase represent an important regulatory checkpoint of the pyrimidine catabolic pathway in S. kluyveri.	pyrimidine	89-99	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	30-36
10657901-4	2000	However, it was unknown whether upregulation of CAD, which performs the first three rate-limiting steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis, contributes to c-Myc"s role in human neoplasia.	pyrimidine	107-117	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
10923099-4	2000	The DPD activity of pancreatic tumors may be a useful clinical marker of the responsibility of fluorinated pyrimidine dosing in pancreatic cancer.	pyrimidine	107-117	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	4-7
10673429-2	2000	As rapidly proliferating human T cells have an exceptional requirement for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, small molecule DHODH inhibitors constitute an attractive therapeutic approach to autoimmune diseases, immunosuppression, and cancer.	pyrimidine	83-93	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	123-128
10543945-2	1999	Since CpGs are methylated along the p53 gene, these mutations may be derived from solar UV-induced pyrimidine dimers forming at sequences that contain 5-methylcytosine.	pyrimidine	99-109	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
10803925-1	2000	PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of several camptothecin analogs including 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC), SN38, topotecan, and irinotecan (CPT-11) on the enzymes involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway including thymidylate synthase (TS).	pyrimidine	178-188	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	215-235
10803925-1	2000	PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of several camptothecin analogs including 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC), SN38, topotecan, and irinotecan (CPT-11) on the enzymes involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway including thymidylate synthase (TS).	pyrimidine	178-188	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	237-239
10544024-8	1999	The data suggest that intact DNA-PK enzyme is needed for the efficient operation of cellular repair of pyrimidine dimers and single-strand breaks in genes, as well as in its established role in rejoining double-strand breaks.	pyrimidine	103-113	protein kinase, DNA activated, catalytic polypeptide	Mus musculus	29-35
10548514-6	1999	Taken together, our present observations suggest that the lipocortin I-S100 protein heterotetramer binds to either purine RNAs or pyrimidine ssDNAs in a Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	130-140	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	71-75
10523651-1	1999	The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair gene PHR1 encodes a photolyase that catalyzes the light-dependent repair of pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	116-126	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-49
10885904-3	1999	Several other enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism, i.e. thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine kinase (TK) and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), which might be involved in the 5-FU action were also studied to elucidate their potential role in the modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity.	pyrimidine	25-35	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	53-73
10490916-6	1999	The proton NMR spectrum of the major adduct showed that the NAC group was at the 6 position of the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	99-109	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	60-63
10514564-1	1999	PRS3 is one of a family of five genes encoding phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, an enzyme which catalyses the first step in a variety of biosynthetic pathways, including purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	188-198	ribose phosphate diphosphokinase subunit PRS3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
10455109-0	1999	Identification of amino acid residues responsible for the pyrimidine and purine nucleoside specificities of human concentrative Na(+) nucleoside cotransporters hCNT1 and hCNT2.	pyrimidine	58-68	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
10455109-0	1999	Identification of amino acid residues responsible for the pyrimidine and purine nucleoside specificities of human concentrative Na(+) nucleoside cotransporters hCNT1 and hCNT2.	pyrimidine	58-68	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	170-175
10468288-2	1999	Transfecting the human TP cDNA into cancer cells in order to sensitize them to these pyrimidine antimetabolites may be an important approach in human cancer gene therapy research.	pyrimidine	85-95	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	23-25
10473079-1	1999	In humans, 80-90% of an administered dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is degraded by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; EC 1.3.1.2), the initial rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	89-99	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	115-118
10373362-2	1999	Cell-free extracts were prepared from human cells that are proficient (IDH4, HeLa) or deficient (CTag) in bypass replication of pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	128-138	cancer/testis antigen 1B	Homo sapiens	97-101
10387103-1	1999	Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is an enzyme with broad substrate specificity which can phosphorylate pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including important antiviral and cytostatic agents.	pyrimidine	97-107	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-20
10387103-1	1999	Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is an enzyme with broad substrate specificity which can phosphorylate pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including important antiviral and cytostatic agents.	pyrimidine	97-107	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	22-25
10428376-3	1999	Melting temperature and RNase protection experiments reveal that the G x C26-39 pair is a critical element for specific major groove recognition of TAR at the pyrimidine bulge.	pyrimidine	159-169	RNA binding motif protein 8A	Homo sapiens	148-151
10325413-8	1999	In contrast, c-Abl and HMG-D respond very differently to deletion or addition of the 5-methyl group of pyrimidine bases in the major groove.	pyrimidine	103-113	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	13-18
10325413-8	1999	In contrast, c-Abl and HMG-D respond very differently to deletion or addition of the 5-methyl group of pyrimidine bases in the major groove.	pyrimidine	103-113	High mobility group protein D	Drosophila melanogaster	23-28
10329184-7	1999	The results demonstrate that each pyrimidine (U41, U42 and C25) plays an important role in hairpin ribozyme catalysis.	pyrimidine	34-44	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 41	Homo sapiens	46-49
10329184-7	1999	The results demonstrate that each pyrimidine (U41, U42 and C25) plays an important role in hairpin ribozyme catalysis.	pyrimidine	34-44	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 42A	Homo sapiens	51-54
10318844-14	1999	Moreover, both Pur proteins interact with MSY1, a VACssBF1-like protein cloned by virtue of its affinity for the pyrimidine-rich strand of the enhancer.	pyrimidine	113-123	Y box protein 1	Mus musculus	42-46
10338125-1	1999	The 12 bp stem of the RNA hairpin responsible for the gag-pol frameshifting of the ribosomes during translation of the polycistronic HIV-1 mRNA has a pyrimidine-rich 5" strand and, consequently, a purine-rich 3" strand.	pyrimidine	150-160	Gag-Pol	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	54-61
10344288-5	1999	The two most prevalent isoforms of PTB were found to bind to an RNA probe containing a pyrimidine stretch.	pyrimidine	87-97	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
10432702-1	1999	This work reports the synthesis of 2",3"-didehydro-2",3"-dideoxy-thymidine analogues bearing several kinds of amino-linker arms at the C-5 position of the pyrimidine moiety.	pyrimidine	155-165	complement C5	Homo sapiens	135-138
10037806-5	1999	These results suggest that recognition of the large pyrimidine-rich region by PTB and hnRNP C may play a role in the initiation and/or regulation of HCV RNA replication.	pyrimidine	52-62	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
10037806-5	1999	These results suggest that recognition of the large pyrimidine-rich region by PTB and hnRNP C may play a role in the initiation and/or regulation of HCV RNA replication.	pyrimidine	52-62	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	86-93
10440528-4	1999	On the other hand, a Myc core element has alternating purine/pyrimidine repeats which could undergo a conformational transition from right-handed (B-DNA) to left-handed (Z-DNA) forms in the presence of a high concentration of salts such as Mg2+ and polyamines.	pyrimidine	61-71	myelocytomatosis oncogene	Mus musculus	21-24
10207101-1	1999	Endonuclease III from Escherichia coli is the prototype of a ubiquitous DNA repair enzyme essential for the removal of oxidized pyrimidine base damage.	pyrimidine	128-138	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
10220316-1	1999	Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) is a distributive endoribonuclease that catalyzes the cleavage of the P-O5" bond of RNA on the 3" side of pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	149-159	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	18-32
10220316-1	1999	Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) is a distributive endoribonuclease that catalyzes the cleavage of the P-O5" bond of RNA on the 3" side of pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	149-159	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	34-41
10068686-2	1999	A pyrimidine-rich region within the EPO mRNA 3" untranslated region was implicated in regulation of EPO mRNA stability element and shown to bind protein factors.	pyrimidine	2-12	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	36-39
10068686-2	1999	A pyrimidine-rich region within the EPO mRNA 3" untranslated region was implicated in regulation of EPO mRNA stability element and shown to bind protein factors.	pyrimidine	2-12	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	100-103
10068686-3	1999	In the present study we wished to identify the protein factor binding to the pyrimidine-rich sequence in the EPO mRNA stability element.	pyrimidine	77-87	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	109-112
10074071-1	1999	In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the FUR4-encoded uracil permease catalyzes the first step of the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	93-103	uracil permease	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	32-36
9971823-7	1999	The interaction was dependent on the integrity of the branch point and pyrimidine tract of the 3" splice site, and it was sensitive to a mutation that was previously shown to abolish U11 snRNP binding and NRS function.	pyrimidine	71-81	RNA, U11 small nuclear	Homo sapiens	183-186
10094314-5	1999	In contrast, SC35 selects sequences composed of pyrimidine or purine-rich motifs.	pyrimidine	48-58	serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
10052969-3	1999	Such chemical modifications impacted the inhibitory activity, especially when two halogen units were introduced at positions 2 and 6 in the phenyl portion of the benzyl group bound to C-6 of the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	195-205	complement C6	Homo sapiens	184-187
9891025-0	1999	Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA stability by protein-binding, pyrimidine-rich sequence in the 3"-untranslated region.	pyrimidine	70-80	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
9891025-2	1999	We previously identified a pyrimidine-rich 27-base-long protein-binding sequence in the 3"-untranslated region of TH mRNA that is associated with hypoxia-inducible formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex (hypoxia-inducible protein-binding site (HIPBS)).	pyrimidine	27-37	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	114-116
9864173-0	1999	ETV6-AML1 translocation breakpoints cluster near a purine/pyrimidine repeat region in the ETV6 gene.	pyrimidine	58-68	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
9864173-0	1999	ETV6-AML1 translocation breakpoints cluster near a purine/pyrimidine repeat region in the ETV6 gene.	pyrimidine	58-68	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
9864173-0	1999	ETV6-AML1 translocation breakpoints cluster near a purine/pyrimidine repeat region in the ETV6 gene.	pyrimidine	58-68	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	90-94
9864173-6	1999	Interestingly, several breakpoints as well as a stable insertion polymorphism mapped close to a polymorphic, alternating purine-pyrimidine tract in the ETV6 gene, suggesting that this region may be prone to DNA recombination events such as insertions or translocations.	pyrimidine	128-138	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	152-156
9858533-7	1999	The binding of PTB was antagonistic to the binding of U2AF to the enhancer-located pyrimidine tract.	pyrimidine	83-93	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
9858533-10	1999	These observations suggest a dual role for PTB in facilitating recognition of exon 4: binding to the enhancer pyrimidine tract to interrupt productive recognition of the enhancer pseudoexon by splicing factors and interacting with the poly(A) site to positively affect polyadenylation.	pyrimidine	110-120	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
9858533-3	1999	We have previously reported that PTB binds to a pyrimidine tract within an RNA processing enhancer located adjacent to an alternative 3"-terminal exon within the gene coding for calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide.	pyrimidine	48-58	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
9858533-5	1999	Here we show that the binding of PTB to the enhancer pyrimidine tract is functional in that exon inclusion increases when in vivo levels of PTB increase.	pyrimidine	53-63	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
9829993-5	1998	A short pyrimidine tract 5" to the PPT, highly conserved among diverse reverse-transcribing elements, was shown to play an important role in PPT recognition in vivo.	pyrimidine	8-18	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
9858533-5	1999	Here we show that the binding of PTB to the enhancer pyrimidine tract is functional in that exon inclusion increases when in vivo levels of PTB increase.	pyrimidine	53-63	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	140-143
9858611-3	1999	Here, we investigate the mechanism by which the transcriptional activity of Ppr1p responds to the level of pyrimidine biosynthetic intermediates.	pyrimidine	107-117	Ppr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	76-81
9858611-7	1999	Thus, Ppr1p directly senses the level of early pyrimidine biosynthetic intermediates within the cell and activates the expression of genes encoding proteins required later in the pathway.	pyrimidine	47-57	Ppr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-11
9829993-5	1998	A short pyrimidine tract 5" to the PPT, highly conserved among diverse reverse-transcribing elements, was shown to play an important role in PPT recognition in vivo.	pyrimidine	8-18	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
9845378-2	1998	Previous in vitro models have shown cross-resistance between the purine analog 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine) and the pyrimidine analogs 2",2"-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (cytosine arabinoside, cytarabine) with reduced deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity as the underlying determinant of resistance.	pyrimidine	123-133	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	270-290
9820814-5	1998	Here, we show that chk-YB-1b, a YB-1 homologue, binds in a single-strand-sequence-specific manner to the highly conserved pyrimidine-rich sequences in both alpha1(I) and alpha2(I) procollagen promoters from different species, as demonstrated by electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays and by DNaseI footprinting experiments.	pyrimidine	122-132	choline kinase alpha	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
9845378-2	1998	Previous in vitro models have shown cross-resistance between the purine analog 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine) and the pyrimidine analogs 2",2"-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (cytosine arabinoside, cytarabine) with reduced deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity as the underlying determinant of resistance.	pyrimidine	123-133	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	292-295
9924800-5	1998	In the homodimer transketolase the two catalytic sites, where dihydroxyethyl groups are transferred from ketose donors to aldose acceptors, are formed at the interface between the two subunits, where the thiazole and pyrimidine rings of thiamin diphosphate are bound.	pyrimidine	217-227	transketolase	Homo sapiens	17-30
9831664-1	1998	Genomic cloning and sequencing of a human homologue (the gene name, endonuclease III-like 1; gene symbol, NTHL1 or NTH1) for Escherichia coli endonuclease III, that is involved in pyrimidine base excision repair, were performed.	pyrimidine	180-190	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	68-84
9831664-1	1998	Genomic cloning and sequencing of a human homologue (the gene name, endonuclease III-like 1; gene symbol, NTHL1 or NTH1) for Escherichia coli endonuclease III, that is involved in pyrimidine base excision repair, were performed.	pyrimidine	180-190	nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
9831664-1	1998	Genomic cloning and sequencing of a human homologue (the gene name, endonuclease III-like 1; gene symbol, NTHL1 or NTH1) for Escherichia coli endonuclease III, that is involved in pyrimidine base excision repair, were performed.	pyrimidine	180-190	nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
9831664-1	1998	Genomic cloning and sequencing of a human homologue (the gene name, endonuclease III-like 1; gene symbol, NTHL1 or NTH1) for Escherichia coli endonuclease III, that is involved in pyrimidine base excision repair, were performed.	pyrimidine	180-190	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	142-158
9797343-8	1998	In addition to confirming the presence of classical P2Y2 receptors, these results also provide functional evidence for the existence of a novel UDP receptor in pulmonary arterial myocytes, which may contribute to pyrimidine-evoked vasoconstriction.	pyrimidine	213-223	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
9843151-0	1998	A novel neurotrophic pyrimidine compound MS-818 enhances neurotrophic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor.	pyrimidine	21-31	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	81-111
9811730-9	1998	The results establish 5" NNRRRGG(C,A,T)GGRGYYN 3", where R stands for purine and Y stands for pyrimidine, as the consensus sequence for the KCS element, both for basal and for IFN-inducible promoter activity.	pyrimidine	94-104	tubulin folding cofactor E	Homo sapiens	140-143
9811730-9	1998	The results establish 5" NNRRRGG(C,A,T)GGRGYYN 3", where R stands for purine and Y stands for pyrimidine, as the consensus sequence for the KCS element, both for basal and for IFN-inducible promoter activity.	pyrimidine	94-104	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	176-179
9920464-2	1998	The present study was designed to investigate the expression of mEH and rGSTA2 genes in response to the diazines including PD, PZ and pyrimidine (PM) and the basis for their enzyme induction.	pyrimidine	134-144	epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal	Mus musculus	64-67
9920464-2	1998	The present study was designed to investigate the expression of mEH and rGSTA2 genes in response to the diazines including PD, PZ and pyrimidine (PM) and the basis for their enzyme induction.	pyrimidine	134-144	glutathione S-transferase alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
9920464-2	1998	The present study was designed to investigate the expression of mEH and rGSTA2 genes in response to the diazines including PD, PZ and pyrimidine (PM) and the basis for their enzyme induction.	pyrimidine	146-148	epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal	Mus musculus	64-67
9920464-2	1998	The present study was designed to investigate the expression of mEH and rGSTA2 genes in response to the diazines including PD, PZ and pyrimidine (PM) and the basis for their enzyme induction.	pyrimidine	146-148	glutathione S-transferase alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
9873686-1	1998	Pyrimidine analogs of the pyrimidinylimidazole class of CSBP/p38 kinase inhibitors were prepared in an effort to reduce the potent inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 observed for the pyridinyl compounds.	pyrimidine	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	56-60
9791124-9	1998	Strains carrying deletions in all SNZ-SNO gene pairs are viable, but snz1 and sno1 mutants are sensitive to 6-azauracil (6-AU), an inhibitor of purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes, and methylene blue, a producer of singlet oxygen.	pyrimidine	155-165	pyridoxine biosynthesis protein SNZ1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
9807659-6	1998	Principally, the intermediate metabolite fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate inhibits a key enzyme in pyrimidine biosynthesis, namely thymidylate synthase (TS).	pyrimidine	99-109	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	131-151
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	pyrimidine	31-41	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	pyrimidine	31-41	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	70-74
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	pyrimidine	31-41	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-116
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	pyrimidine	31-41	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-125
9862190-1	1998	The XPF and ERCC1 proteins form a tight complex and function as an endonuclease to incise on the 5"-side of pyrimidine dimers in DNA.	pyrimidine	108-118	ERCC excision repair 4, endonuclease catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	4-7
9862190-1	1998	The XPF and ERCC1 proteins form a tight complex and function as an endonuclease to incise on the 5"-side of pyrimidine dimers in DNA.	pyrimidine	108-118	ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
9825701-7	1998	This indicates that irreversible events in the signaling pathway of apoptosis occur in the period between irradiation and photoreactivation even in the presence of high levels of Bcl-2 protein can delay the onset of UV-induced apoptosis in these marsupial cells, early events triggered by the pyrimidine dimers, upstream from the Bcl-2 action, lead the cell to a state committed to die.	pyrimidine	293-303	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	179-184
9743625-1	1998	Endonuclease III (endoIII; nth gene product) of Escherichia coli is known to be a DNA repair enzyme having a relatively broad specificity for damaged pyrimidine bases of DNA.	pyrimidine	150-160	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
9743625-1	1998	Endonuclease III (endoIII; nth gene product) of Escherichia coli is known to be a DNA repair enzyme having a relatively broad specificity for damaged pyrimidine bases of DNA.	pyrimidine	150-160	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	18-25
9748447-1	1998	URA5 genes encode orotidine-5"-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (OMPpase), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	96-106	orotate phosphoribosyltransferase URA5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
9830621-1	1998	Over the past several years, the pyrimidine catabolic pathway and, in particular, the first enzymatic step involving dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have been recognized as being critical in determining the ultimate metabolism and, in turn, the pharmacology of the antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	33-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	117-148
9830621-1	1998	Over the past several years, the pyrimidine catabolic pathway and, in particular, the first enzymatic step involving dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have been recognized as being critical in determining the ultimate metabolism and, in turn, the pharmacology of the antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	33-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	150-153
9748356-5	1998	Thus, while most of the condensed pyridazines were reversible inhibitors of MAO-B with little or no MAO-A effects, the pyrimidine derivatives proved to be reversible and selective MAO-A inhibitors.	pyrimidine	119-129	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	180-185
9795200-13	1998	These results suggest that a region of -75 to +104bp, which contains the pyrimidine-rich initiator element, the 5"-untranslated region and the binding site for USF, constitute the minimal promoter element and that interactions between multiple positive and negative elements, the USF and initiator element are crucial for transcription of the TATA-less betaAPP promoter.	pyrimidine	73-83	amyloid beta precursor protein	Macaca mulatta	353-360
9791124-9	1998	Strains carrying deletions in all SNZ-SNO gene pairs are viable, but snz1 and sno1 mutants are sensitive to 6-azauracil (6-AU), an inhibitor of purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes, and methylene blue, a producer of singlet oxygen.	pyrimidine	155-165	putative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	78-82
9710626-0	1998	A role for SRp54 during intron bridging of small introns with pyrimidine tracts upstream of the branch point.	pyrimidine	62-72	RNA-binding signal recognition particle subunit SRP54	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	11-16
9819714-1	1998	Overlapping cDNAs encoding dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting enzyme of pyrimidine degradation, were isolated from a rat liver cDNA library, and a 4,353 bp cDNA sequence with a 3,075 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1,025 residues with a molecular mass of 111,458 Da was determined.	pyrimidine	34-44	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
9710533-3	1998	Recently, we found that two proteins, the Xenopus laevis La autoantigen and the cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), are able to bind in vitro a pyrimidine tract at the 5" end and a downstream region, respectively.	pyrimidine	154-164	CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	80-117
9710533-3	1998	Recently, we found that two proteins, the Xenopus laevis La autoantigen and the cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), are able to bind in vitro a pyrimidine tract at the 5" end and a downstream region, respectively.	pyrimidine	154-164	CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	119-123
9720204-4	1998	Two nucleotide sequences homologous to the upstream activation sequence, characterized for the ribosomal protein genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as the pyrimidine-rich sequences were present in the TEF1 gene promoter region, suggesting that the A, oryzae TEF1 gene has a strong promoter activity.	pyrimidine	163-173	translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	209-213
9675022-6	1998	On synthetic polyribonucleotide substrates, the RNase activity of Zn alpha 2gp is specific for pyrimidine residues [poly(C) and poly(U) equally] and cleaves only single-stranded RNA.	pyrimidine	95-105	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	66-78
9632785-2	1998	U2AF binds site specifically to the intron pyrimidine tract between the branchpoint and the 3" splice site and targets U2 snRNP to the branch site at an early step in spliceosome assembly.	pyrimidine	43-53	U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor 38	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
9632785-2	1998	U2AF binds site specifically to the intron pyrimidine tract between the branchpoint and the 3" splice site and targets U2 snRNP to the branch site at an early step in spliceosome assembly.	pyrimidine	43-53	sans fille	Drosophila melanogaster	119-127
9632785-7	1998	The site-specific pyrimidine tract binding activity of the U2AF heterodimer has previously been assigned to hU2AF65.	pyrimidine	18-28	U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor 38	Drosophila melanogaster	59-63
9632785-7	1998	The site-specific pyrimidine tract binding activity of the U2AF heterodimer has previously been assigned to hU2AF65.	pyrimidine	18-28	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	108-115
9632785-10	1998	When the Drosophila small-subunit homolog (dU2AF38) was complexed with the large-subunit (dU2AF50) pyrimidine tract, RNA binding activity increased 20-fold over that of free dU2AF50.	pyrimidine	99-109	U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor 38	Drosophila melanogaster	43-50
9632785-10	1998	When the Drosophila small-subunit homolog (dU2AF38) was complexed with the large-subunit (dU2AF50) pyrimidine tract, RNA binding activity increased 20-fold over that of free dU2AF50.	pyrimidine	99-109	U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor 50	Drosophila melanogaster	90-97
9632785-10	1998	When the Drosophila small-subunit homolog (dU2AF38) was complexed with the large-subunit (dU2AF50) pyrimidine tract, RNA binding activity increased 20-fold over that of free dU2AF50.	pyrimidine	99-109	U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor 50	Drosophila melanogaster	174-181
9531483-1	1998	The promoter region of the chicken alpha2(I) collagen gene contains a pyrimidine-rich element that is well conserved in different mammalian species.	pyrimidine	70-80	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Gallus gallus	35-53
9649305-16	1998	A model, which proposes that the structure of RNase 4 has been optimized to permanently fix the position of Asp-80 and impede its movement away from the pyrimidine binding pocket, is presented.	pyrimidine	153-163	ribonuclease A family member 4	Homo sapiens	46-53
9611236-8	1998	hNTH1 protein excising several pyrimidine lesions was transported into both the nucleus and mitochondria.	pyrimidine	31-41	nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
9626068-8	1998	We conclude that PD-ECGF/TP may affect angiogenesis by changing the relative concentrations of pyrimidine-based compounds and their metabolites in interstitial fluid surrounding endothelial cells.	pyrimidine	95-105	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	17-24
9669563-1	1998	The ability of pyrimidine bases to adopt the syn conformation in DNA has been investigated.	pyrimidine	15-25	synemin	Homo sapiens	45-48
9669563-5	1998	It is particularly significant that cytosine can assume the syn conformation for the 3E sugar pucker commonly observed for the syn nucleotides in Z-DNA with both alternating pyrimidine/purine (APP) and non-APP sequences.	pyrimidine	174-184	synemin	Homo sapiens	60-63
9669563-5	1998	It is particularly significant that cytosine can assume the syn conformation for the 3E sugar pucker commonly observed for the syn nucleotides in Z-DNA with both alternating pyrimidine/purine (APP) and non-APP sequences.	pyrimidine	174-184	synemin	Homo sapiens	127-130
9578571-3	1998	Previous studies revealed some of the structural features of Ang that underlie its catalytic inefficiency: Gln-117 blocks the space corresponding to the pyrimidine binding site of RNase A and Ang lacks the disulfide loop 65-72 that forms most of the purine binding site of RNase A.	pyrimidine	153-163	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	61-64
9578571-3	1998	Previous studies revealed some of the structural features of Ang that underlie its catalytic inefficiency: Gln-117 blocks the space corresponding to the pyrimidine binding site of RNase A and Ang lacks the disulfide loop 65-72 that forms most of the purine binding site of RNase A.	pyrimidine	153-163	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	180-187
9578571-3	1998	Previous studies revealed some of the structural features of Ang that underlie its catalytic inefficiency: Gln-117 blocks the space corresponding to the pyrimidine binding site of RNase A and Ang lacks the disulfide loop 65-72 that forms most of the purine binding site of RNase A.	pyrimidine	153-163	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	273-280
9578571-11	1998	The results suggest that the RNase A segment of ARH-I not only provides more effective purine recognition but also counteracts the deleterious effects of Gln-117 and Thr-80 on the pyrimidine site.	pyrimidine	180-190	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	29-36
9578571-11	1998	The results suggest that the RNase A segment of ARH-I not only provides more effective purine recognition but also counteracts the deleterious effects of Gln-117 and Thr-80 on the pyrimidine site.	pyrimidine	180-190	DIRAS family GTPase 3	Homo sapiens	48-53
9581837-2	1998	Escherichia coli uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of UMP from uracil and 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1-diphosphate.	pyrimidine	62-72	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase	Mus musculus	51-55
9597696-1	1998	Interspecies differences in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine degradation, were assessed in cytosol from livers isolated from human, monkey, dog, rat, and mouse.	pyrimidine	35-45	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
9531483-11	1998	The high affinity of this protein for this conserved pyrimidine-rich region suggests that it might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the alpha2(I) collagen gene.	pyrimidine	53-63	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Gallus gallus	152-170
9872506-0	1998	A neurotrophic pyrimidine compound, MS-818, enhances EGF-induced restoration of gastric epithelial wounds in vitro.	pyrimidine	15-25	pro-epidermal growth factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	53-56
9525610-3	1998	We present evidence that pTP binds to a multifunctional pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme found at replication domains on the NM.	pyrimidine	56-66	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	25-28
9512542-2	1998	DHU represents a model for pyrimidine base damage (ring saturation products) of the type recognized and repaired by Escherichia coli endonuclease III and its homologs in other species.	pyrimidine	27-37	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	133-149
9537263-8	1998	TP/PD-ECGF mRNA also has a pyrimidine-rich sequence at its 3" end that was similar to a motif that has been reported to mediate increased mRNA stability in other genes.	pyrimidine	27-37	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	3-10
9531538-2	1998	U2AF binds the intron pyrimidine tract between the branchpoint and the 3" splice site and recruits U2 snRNP to the branch site at an early step in spliceosome assembly.	pyrimidine	22-32	U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor 38	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
9528826-10	1998	Thus, pRB, a key member of the cell cycle checkpoint network, seems to play a major role by inducing growth arrest under moderate hypoxia, and it gradually overrides hypoxia-induced suppression of pyrimidine metabolism in the regulation of progression through S-phase under such conditions.	pyrimidine	197-207	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
9492076-6	1998	Promoter analysis using deletion constructs in human cells, highly producing NPR-C transcripts, showing that the region (from - 33 to + 13 relative to the transcription start point) had a potential promoter activity suggested that the region from -33 to + 13, containing a pyrimidine-rich stretch composed of four CTTTTT-repeated sequences, is sufficient for the proximal promoter activity.	pyrimidine	273-283	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
9538224-2	1998	We have studied the effects of a synthetic pyrimidine derivative, MS-430, on the NGF and EGF actions on PC12h cells.	pyrimidine	43-53	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
9485417-3	1998	The human cyclin D1 proto-oncogene promoter contains an 18-base pair purine-pyrimidine rich motif with three C.G interruptions.	pyrimidine	76-86	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	10-19
9540799-1	1998	In order to understand the influence on thymidylate synthase interactions with dUMP analogues of the pyrimidine ring 2- and/or 4-thio, and 5-fluoro substitutions, X-ray diffractions by crystals of 5-fluoro-dUrd and its 2- and 4-thio, and 2,4-dithio analogues were measured, the four structures solved and refined.	pyrimidine	101-111	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	40-60
9540799-5	1998	5-Fluoro substitution apparently activates the pyrimidine ring towards the interaction with thymidylate synthase by producing local strain, which results in an increased reactivity as predicted by the Walsh-Bent rule.	pyrimidine	47-57	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	92-112
9514098-0	1998	Tumor cell contact mediated transcriptional activation of the fibroblast matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene: involvement of multiple transcription factors including Ets and an alternating purine-pyrimidine repeat.	pyrimidine	192-202	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	73-99
9492828-1	1998	Thymidine phosphorylase (TdRPase) is an enzyme involved in the pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	63-73	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	25-32
9463485-0	1998	Substrate specificity of human recombinant mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase with cytostatic and antiviral purine and pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	120-130	deoxyguanosine kinase	Homo sapiens	57-78
9463485-9	1998	The antiviral analogs dideoxyinosine and arabinosyl adenine also showed significant activity with dGK, as did several pyrimidine analogs (e.g., the cytostatic drugs 5-fluoro-2"-deoxycytidine and difluorodeoxycytidine).	pyrimidine	118-128	Diacyl glycerol kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	98-101
9489999-1	1998	In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first two reactions of pyrimidine biosynthesis are catalyzed by the multifunctional protein Ura2 carrying both carbamyl-phosphate synthetase (CPSase) and aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) enzyme activities.	pyrimidine	56-66	bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	125-129
9425078-8	1998	When A10 was substituted with a pyrimidine, self-cleavage activity fell below the lower limit of detection while the remaining positions showed varying base preferences.	pyrimidine	32-42	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	5-8
9414225-2	1997	The Watson strand of the duplexes has the general sequence (5meC-G)4-NXYG-ACTG (where N = A or G and XY represents all permutations of pyrimidine bases).	pyrimidine	135-145	actin gamma 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
9861642-7	1998	The intron 10 variant is interesting because a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine in the "polypyrimidine" tract of the 3" splice site, a single base substitution of the type which has been associated with aberrant splicing in the androgen receptor gene.	pyrimidine	75-85	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	234-251
9436911-0	1998	Role of an inhibitory pyrimidine element and polypyrimidine tract binding protein in repression of a regulated alpha-tropomyosin exon.	pyrimidine	22-32	tropomyosin 1	Homo sapiens	111-128
9665036-2	1998	MNAs were also found to be potent inhibitors of B and T cell-mediated autoimmune processes and mediate their effects by binding specifically to dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), inhibiting de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, thereby blocking T and B cell proliferation and strongly suppressing the IgM and IgG antibody production.	pyrimidine	202-212	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	144-173
9665036-2	1998	MNAs were also found to be potent inhibitors of B and T cell-mediated autoimmune processes and mediate their effects by binding specifically to dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), inhibiting de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, thereby blocking T and B cell proliferation and strongly suppressing the IgM and IgG antibody production.	pyrimidine	202-212	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	175-180
9665036-7	1998	These data suggest the HMR 1279 and HMR 1715 mediate their antiproliferative and immunosuppressive effects in the PLN assay in vivo by decreasing the activity of DHODH in the lymph node cells and thereby inhibiting pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	215-225	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
9360950-6	1997	Of the 14 transmembrane domains (TM) of N1 and N2, transplanting TM8-9 of N1 into N2 converted N2 from a pyrimidine- to a purine-selective transporter.	pyrimidine	105-115	tetraspanin 16	Homo sapiens	65-70
9384587-1	1997	The transcription factor TFII-I has been shown to bind independently to two distinct promoter elements, a pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) and a recognition site (E-box) for upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1), and to stimulate USF1 binding to both of these sites.	pyrimidine	106-116	general transcription factor IIi	Homo sapiens	25-31
9353408-2	1997	It has been widely accepted that the antitumor and immunosuppressive activities of BQR are dependent on its ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	216-226	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	153-181
9372849-5	1997	DenV is a glycosylase which is specific for cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) but does not recognize other UV-induced lesions.	pyrimidine	56-66	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	0-4
9361904-5	1997	We have designed antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing chemically modified purine and pyrimidine bases that specifically inhibit TNFRI expression and functions.	pyrimidine	98-108	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	141-146
9372850-7	1997	These results indicate that the dominant function of hOGG1 protein is a oh8Gua glycosylase reaction by specifically recognizing oh8Gua and pyrimidine opposite the oh8Gua and delta-elimination reaction in the same manner as yOGG1 protein.	pyrimidine	139-149	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	53-58
9305981-1	1997	Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is a 57 kD hnRNP protein (hnRNP I) that binds to the pyrimidine tract typically found near the 3" end of introns.	pyrimidine	4-14	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
9305981-1	1997	Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is a 57 kD hnRNP protein (hnRNP I) that binds to the pyrimidine tract typically found near the 3" end of introns.	pyrimidine	4-14	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D like	Homo sapiens	54-59
9305981-1	1997	Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is a 57 kD hnRNP protein (hnRNP I) that binds to the pyrimidine tract typically found near the 3" end of introns.	pyrimidine	4-14	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	69-76
9584693-1	1997	A series of the three-membered aromatic anthracene, acridine, carbazole substituted with pyrimidine moiety equipped with pharmacophoric chain of N"-(2"-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine or dialkylamino-3-propylamine was obtained and tested for the cytotoxic properties in SRB test.	pyrimidine	89-99	chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 4	Homo sapiens	267-270
9292499-7	1997	These repressor sites are pyrimidine rich and bind avidly to the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) in HeLa nuclear extracts as determined by UV crosslinking/competition assays.	pyrimidine	26-36	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	65-101
9292499-7	1997	These repressor sites are pyrimidine rich and bind avidly to the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) in HeLa nuclear extracts as determined by UV crosslinking/competition assays.	pyrimidine	26-36	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9292499-16	1997	The sequence, (5") UUCUCU (3"), in a pyrimidine context is associated with one class of intron splicing repressor sites that binds PTB in a variety of pre-mRNAs that are regulated by tissue-specific programs.	pyrimidine	37-47	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
9380522-1	1997	The hnRNP A1 transcript has a relatively short 5"- untranslated region (UTR) starting with a pyrimidine tract similar to that of mRNAs encoded by the TOP [terminal oligo(pyrimidine)] genes in vertebrates.	pyrimidine	93-103	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	4-12
9380522-1	1997	The hnRNP A1 transcript has a relatively short 5"- untranslated region (UTR) starting with a pyrimidine tract similar to that of mRNAs encoded by the TOP [terminal oligo(pyrimidine)] genes in vertebrates.	pyrimidine	170-180	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	4-12
9380405-6	1997	The rat and mouse OCI-5 promoters were cloned and found to be highly conserved, located within CpG islands and contain regions of alternating purine and pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	153-163	glypican 3	Mus musculus	18-23
9342227-1	1997	Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a salvage pathway enzyme with broad substrate specificity that can phosphorylate both pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including important antiviral and cytostatic agents.	pyrimidine	116-126	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-20
9342227-1	1997	Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a salvage pathway enzyme with broad substrate specificity that can phosphorylate both pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including important antiviral and cytostatic agents.	pyrimidine	116-126	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	22-25
9261396-11	1997	This sequence contains pyrimidine-rich motifs and shows similarity to the consensus binding sequence of the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), which has been implicated in alternative pre-mRNA splicing and cap-independent translation.	pyrimidine	23-33	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
9309676-10	1997	Since disorders in the mitochondrial energy metabolism could entail severe impairment of pyrimidine biosynthesis via respiratory-chain coupled DHODH, it is suggested to include improvement of pyrimidine nucleotide status in therapy protocols.	pyrimidine	89-99	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
9303319-3	1997	Early in mammalian spliceosome assembly, U2AF65 binds to the pyrimidine tract between the BPS and AG.	pyrimidine	61-71	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	41-47
9303319-7	1997	Together, these observations suggest that U5 snRNP is positioned on the 3" splice site by an interaction (direct or indirect) with U2 snRNP bound at the BPS and by a direct interaction with the pyrimidine tract.	pyrimidine	194-204	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	45-50
9218422-0	1997	Investigation of the pyrimidine preference by the c-Myb DNA-binding domain at the initial base of the consensus sequence.	pyrimidine	21-31	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	50-55
9218422-1	1997	The principal determinant of the pyrimidine preference by the c-Myb DNA-binding domain at the initial base of the consensus sequence was investigated by mutation of both the protein and the DNA base pairs, with analysis by a filter binding assay.	pyrimidine	33-43	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	62-67
9219846-4	1997	As investigated with UV-C-irradiated human A549 cells, TGF-beta1 appears to enhance apoptosis rather than to disturb the repair of DNA photolesions (mainly pyrimidine dimers) by the nucleotidic excision repair pathway according to results of nucleosomal ladder and comet tests.	pyrimidine	156-166	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	55-64
9154818-4	1997	The loop region of these RNAs harbors a approximately 15-bp pyrimidine-rich element [UCAU(N)(0-2)]3 which is essential for Nova-1 binding.	pyrimidine	60-70	NOVA alternative splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	123-129
9185581-2	1997	This strategy is based on the ability of URA3 to complement mutations in pyrF, an Escherichia coli gene required for pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	117-127	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-45
9188277-9	1997	There were more pyrimidine dimers (cyclobutane dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) produced in melan-a than in melan-c cells by UVC, UVB and FS20 lamps.	pyrimidine	16-26	melan-A	Mus musculus	89-96
9154967-3	1997	Chemical modifications at N-3, C-4, and C-6 of the pyrimidine ring were attempted with the aim of improving antiretroviral activity.	pyrimidine	51-61	complement C6	Homo sapiens	40-43
9111200-6	1997	The results of the current study clearly demonstrate a direct role for the XPD gene product both in the preferential repair and bulk repair of pyrimidine dimers as well as its high functional conservation between rodent and human cells.	pyrimidine	143-153	ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit	Homo sapiens	75-78
9139926-4	1997	S1 nuclease experiments showed that level of the greA transcript is elevated approximately 10-fold under conditions of pyrimidine limitation, consistent with the conclusion that transcription is initiated from the previously identified pyrimidine-sensitive promoter upstream of the carA-orf-carB-greA operon.	pyrimidine	119-129	transcription elongation factor GreA	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	49-53
9139926-4	1997	S1 nuclease experiments showed that level of the greA transcript is elevated approximately 10-fold under conditions of pyrimidine limitation, consistent with the conclusion that transcription is initiated from the previously identified pyrimidine-sensitive promoter upstream of the carA-orf-carB-greA operon.	pyrimidine	236-246	transcription elongation factor GreA	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	49-53
9139926-4	1997	S1 nuclease experiments showed that level of the greA transcript is elevated approximately 10-fold under conditions of pyrimidine limitation, consistent with the conclusion that transcription is initiated from the previously identified pyrimidine-sensitive promoter upstream of the carA-orf-carB-greA operon.	pyrimidine	236-246	carbamoyl phosphate synthase large subunit	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	291-295
9139926-4	1997	S1 nuclease experiments showed that level of the greA transcript is elevated approximately 10-fold under conditions of pyrimidine limitation, consistent with the conclusion that transcription is initiated from the previously identified pyrimidine-sensitive promoter upstream of the carA-orf-carB-greA operon.	pyrimidine	236-246	transcription elongation factor GreA	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	296-300
9150367-5	1997	Also, deletion of an alternating purine-pyrimidine tract in the downstream promoter was found to decrease transcriptional activity, suggesting that promoter conformation may be important in MMP-9 regulation.	pyrimidine	40-50	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	190-195
9042911-7	1997	Expression of human UMP synthase cDNAs containing these mutations in pyrimidine auxotrophic Escherichia coli and in recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf21 cells demonstrates impaired activity presumably associated with the urinary orotic acid substrate accumulations observed in vivo.	pyrimidine	69-79	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	20-32
9170156-1	1997	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
9096224-5	1997	In the present study, by purification, microsequencing and immunoprecipitation analysis we have identified the protein that interacts with the region downstream of the pyrimidine tract as the Xenopus laevis cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP).	pyrimidine	168-178	CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	207-244
9096224-5	1997	In the present study, by purification, microsequencing and immunoprecipitation analysis we have identified the protein that interacts with the region downstream of the pyrimidine tract as the Xenopus laevis cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP).	pyrimidine	168-178	CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	246-250
9065408-0	1997	Model for XPC-independent transcription-coupled repair of pyrimidine dimers in humans.	pyrimidine	58-68	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	10-13
9092640-0	1997	Identification of two proteins that bind to a pyrimidine-rich sequence in the 3"-untranslated region of GAP-43 mRNA.	pyrimidine	46-56	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
9092640-4	1997	This resulted in the isolation of two proteins that bind specifically and competitively to a pyrimidine-rich sequence in the 3"-untranslated region of GAP-43 mRNA.	pyrimidine	93-103	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
9048572-4	1997	The dehalogenation reaction pathway shares at least two direct chemical counterparts with the TS reaction pathway which are believed to involve general acid/base catalysis-namely, the addition and elimination of the catalytic Cys of TS at C-6 of the pyrimidine substrate.	pyrimidine	250-260	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	94-96
9048572-4	1997	The dehalogenation reaction pathway shares at least two direct chemical counterparts with the TS reaction pathway which are believed to involve general acid/base catalysis-namely, the addition and elimination of the catalytic Cys of TS at C-6 of the pyrimidine substrate.	pyrimidine	250-260	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	233-235
9048572-1	1997	Several steps of the reaction catalyzed by thymidylate synthase (TS) require proton transfers to and from O-4 and C-5 of the pyrimidine moiety of substrate dUMP.	pyrimidine	125-135	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	43-63
9048572-7	1997	It was concluded that addition and elimination reactions involving the 5.6-bond of pyrimidine substrates do not require general acid/base catalysis or, alternatively, the water molecules in the TS active site serve this role.	pyrimidine	83-93	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	194-196
9048572-1	1997	Several steps of the reaction catalyzed by thymidylate synthase (TS) require proton transfers to and from O-4 and C-5 of the pyrimidine moiety of substrate dUMP.	pyrimidine	125-135	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	65-67
9054619-1	1997	A DNA endonuclease, isolated from the nuclei of normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) cells, which recognizes predominately pyrimidine dimers, was examined for the mechanism by which it locates sites of damage on UVC-irradiated DNA.	pyrimidine	155-165	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	65-110
9048572-1	1997	Several steps of the reaction catalyzed by thymidylate synthase (TS) require proton transfers to and from O-4 and C-5 of the pyrimidine moiety of substrate dUMP.	pyrimidine	125-135	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-37 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	106-109
9054619-1	1997	A DNA endonuclease, isolated from the nuclei of normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) cells, which recognizes predominately pyrimidine dimers, was examined for the mechanism by which it locates sites of damage on UVC-irradiated DNA.	pyrimidine	155-165	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	112-115
8918793-4	1996	Rrp1 exonuclease activity is examined at 3"-terminal homopurine or homopyrimidine tracts, at junctions between purine- and pyrimidine-rich sequences and upon encountering repeated dinucleotide runs.	pyrimidine	71-81	Recombination repair protein 1	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
9113412-1	1997	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase), a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored purine salvage enzyme expressed on the surface of human T and B lymphocytes, catalyzes the conversion of purine and pyrimidine ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates to the corresponding nucleosides.	pyrimidine	192-202	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
9113412-1	1997	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase), a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored purine salvage enzyme expressed on the surface of human T and B lymphocytes, catalyzes the conversion of purine and pyrimidine ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates to the corresponding nucleosides.	pyrimidine	192-202	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	6-26
9000374-3	1997	By contrast the transformation by FCY1 or FCA1 of the haploid FCY1-disrupted host strain restored sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine and allowed growth on cytosine, as a source of pyrimidine, or ammonium.	pyrimidine	177-187	cytosine deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
9000374-3	1997	By contrast the transformation by FCY1 or FCA1 of the haploid FCY1-disrupted host strain restored sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine and allowed growth on cytosine, as a source of pyrimidine, or ammonium.	pyrimidine	177-187	cytosine deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-66
9457740-2	1997	Most of the mutations occurred at dipyrimidine sequences, suggesting that pyrimidine dimers in the p53 gene play a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.	pyrimidine	36-46	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	99-102
8940139-2	1996	The THZif-1 protein bound specifically to the single-stranded (ss) pyrimidine-rich DNA of the NHE (ss c-myc NHE-C) with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd (app)) of 0.077 microM.	pyrimidine	67-77	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	94-97
8940139-2	1996	The THZif-1 protein bound specifically to the single-stranded (ss) pyrimidine-rich DNA of the NHE (ss c-myc NHE-C) with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd (app)) of 0.077 microM.	pyrimidine	67-77	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	102-107
8940139-2	1996	The THZif-1 protein bound specifically to the single-stranded (ss) pyrimidine-rich DNA of the NHE (ss c-myc NHE-C) with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd (app)) of 0.077 microM.	pyrimidine	67-77	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	108-111
8951040-1	1996	Uridine kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway of all mammalian cells.	pyrimidine	50-60	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-14
9052401-4	1997	In this study, we examined whether transfection of tumour cells with a human platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) complementary DNA (cDNA) expressing dThdPase would sensitize the cells to the cytotoxic effects of pyrimidine antimetabolites in vitro.	pyrimidine	234-244	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	77-124
9052401-4	1997	In this study, we examined whether transfection of tumour cells with a human platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) complementary DNA (cDNA) expressing dThdPase would sensitize the cells to the cytotoxic effects of pyrimidine antimetabolites in vitro.	pyrimidine	234-244	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	126-133
8994183-0	1997	Functional role of a conformationally flexible homopurine/homopyrimidine domain of the androgen receptor gene promoter interacting with Sp1 and a pyrimidine single strand DNA-binding protein.	pyrimidine	62-72	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	87-104
8994183-6	1997	Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses showed that the pur/pyr region of the AR promoter can bind a novel pyrimidine single-strand-specific protein (ssPyrBF) and also a double-strand DNA-binding protein.	pyrimidine	107-117	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	78-80
8967974-3	1996	We investigated adenosine transport mediated by a recombinant pyrimidine-selective rat jejunal/kidney Na+/nucleoside cotransporter (rCNT1) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and compared it with that mediated by a recombinant purine-selective rat jejunal/liver Na+/nucleoside cotransporter (rCNT2).	pyrimidine	62-72	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
8967974-3	1996	We investigated adenosine transport mediated by a recombinant pyrimidine-selective rat jejunal/kidney Na+/nucleoside cotransporter (rCNT1) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and compared it with that mediated by a recombinant purine-selective rat jejunal/liver Na+/nucleoside cotransporter (rCNT2).	pyrimidine	62-72	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	292-297
9021668-1	1996	S-1 is a new antineoplastic agent of a fluorinated pyrimidine derivative containing tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1 with the aim of prolonging the effective plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and reducing its dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity.	pyrimidine	51-61	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
8900124-1	1996	A purine/pyrimidine mirror repeat element (M-PMR3) in the MUC1 promoter has been shown to form H-DNA under in vitro conditions.	pyrimidine	9-19	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	58-62
8876228-4	1996	This drug/reverse transcriptase interaction defines the specificity of its antiviral effect and is most likely mediated by the pyrimidine side-chain of CNI-H0294.	pyrimidine	127-137	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	152-155
8870670-8	1996	This protein and a known chicken Y-box protein were both found to bind sequence-specifically to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the pyrimidine/purine asymmetrical element in the chicken alpha 2(I) collagen promoter.	pyrimidine	100-110	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Gallus gallus	184-203
9013795-4	1996	Messenger RNA for a pyrimidine-selective Na+/nucleoside cotransporter mRNA (rCNT1) was detected in samples from each brain region tested by RT-PCR amplification of a 309-bp DNA product.	pyrimidine	20-30	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
8870670-8	1996	This protein and a known chicken Y-box protein were both found to bind sequence-specifically to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the pyrimidine/purine asymmetrical element in the chicken alpha 2(I) collagen promoter.	pyrimidine	130-140	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Gallus gallus	184-203
8839873-3	1996	Globin-chain synthesis experiments have shown that the mechanism underlying the interaction between these two genotypes is a marked decrease in the stability of Hb E in pyrimidine 5" nucleotidase-deficient red blood cells (RBCs).	pyrimidine	169-179	hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1	Homo sapiens	161-165
8759867-6	1996	orf2, the pyrK homolog in B. subtilis, has also been shown to be necessary for pyrimidine biosynthesis (A. E. Kahler and R. L. Switzer, J. Bacteriol.	pyrimidine	79-89	hypothetical protein	Bacillus subtilis	0-4
8798674-7	1996	This includes a 30-base pair region of purine-pyrimidine asymmetry encompassing a perfect 6-base pair GGAATG TEF-1 recognition motif.	pyrimidine	46-56	TEA domain family member 1	Mus musculus	109-114
8811082-1	1996	The Escherichia coli endonuclease III (Nth-Eco) protein is involved in the removal of damaged pyrimidine residues from DNA by base excision repair.	pyrimidine	94-104	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	21-37
8811082-1	1996	The Escherichia coli endonuclease III (Nth-Eco) protein is involved in the removal of damaged pyrimidine residues from DNA by base excision repair.	pyrimidine	94-104	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	39-42
8811082-6	1996	Nth-Spo possesses glycosylase activity on different types of DNA substrates with pyrimidine damage, being able to release both urea and thymine glycol from double-stranded polymers.	pyrimidine	81-91	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-3
8831693-5	1996	Moreover, MAZi protein bound specifically to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT-element of the c-myc gene in vitro and strongly induced the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) from a c-myc promoter/ CAT reporter construct in human pancreatic cells.	pyrimidine	49-59	MYC associated zinc finger protein	Homo sapiens	10-14
8831693-5	1996	Moreover, MAZi protein bound specifically to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT-element of the c-myc gene in vitro and strongly induced the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) from a c-myc promoter/ CAT reporter construct in human pancreatic cells.	pyrimidine	49-59	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	97-102
8759868-1	1996	An in-frame deletion in the coding region of a gene of previously unidentified function (which is called orf2 and which we propose to rename pyrDII) in the Bacillus subtilis pyr operon led to pyrimidine bradytrophy, markedly reduced dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity, and derepressed levels of other enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	192-202	hypothetical protein	Bacillus subtilis	105-109
8683593-0	1996	A Xenopus laevis homologue of the La autoantigen binds the pyrimidine tract of the 5" UTR of ribosomal protein mRNAs in vitro: implication of a protein factor in complex formation.	pyrimidine	59-69	small RNA binding exonuclease protection factor La	Homo sapiens	34-48
8700108-4	1996	We found that agents that inhibit the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway have the ability to increase D4T phosphorylation, the most effective being two inhibitors of thymidylate formation, methotrexate and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine, compounds that block the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase, respectively.	pyrimidine	46-56	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	298-320
8663482-1	1996	Similar imperfect purine/pyrimidine mirror repeat (PMR) elements have previously been identified upstream of the human MUC1 mucin and CFTR genes.	pyrimidine	25-35	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	119-123
8663482-1	1996	Similar imperfect purine/pyrimidine mirror repeat (PMR) elements have previously been identified upstream of the human MUC1 mucin and CFTR genes.	pyrimidine	25-35	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	124-129
8663482-1	1996	Similar imperfect purine/pyrimidine mirror repeat (PMR) elements have previously been identified upstream of the human MUC1 mucin and CFTR genes.	pyrimidine	25-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	134-138
8709116-1	1996	The synthesis and the antiviral activities of C-3 acyclic nucleoside analogues of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and pyrimidine are reported.	pyrimidine	109-119	complement C3	Homo sapiens	46-49
8671736-3	1996	This form of XPA has been previously shown to stimulate pyrimidine dimer excision preferentially in actively transcribed genes.	pyrimidine	56-66	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	13-16
8649976-4	1996	We provide data showing that PTB interacts with the top strand of the adenovirus major late promoter transcriptional initiator, a sequence rich in pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	147-157	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
8622993-1	1996	The intron of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (corticoliberin; CRH) gene contains a sequence of over 100 bp of alternating purine/pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	134-144	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	18-49
8622993-1	1996	The intron of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (corticoliberin; CRH) gene contains a sequence of over 100 bp of alternating purine/pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	134-144	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	51-65
8622993-1	1996	The intron of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (corticoliberin; CRH) gene contains a sequence of over 100 bp of alternating purine/pyrimidine residues.	pyrimidine	134-144	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	67-70
8614630-8	1996	The Z conformation was further stabilized by increasing the number of m8Gs incorporated and destabilized by incorporating syn-A or syn-T, found respectively in the (A,T)-containing alternating and non-alternating pyrimidine-purine sequences.	pyrimidine	213-223	synemin	Homo sapiens	122-125
8614630-8	1996	The Z conformation was further stabilized by increasing the number of m8Gs incorporated and destabilized by incorporating syn-A or syn-T, found respectively in the (A,T)-containing alternating and non-alternating pyrimidine-purine sequences.	pyrimidine	213-223	synemin	Homo sapiens	131-134
8628302-3	1996	The pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT element both bound to hnRNP K and competitively inhibited transcription in vitro, suggesting a role for hnRNP K in activating transcription through this single-stranded sequence.	pyrimidine	4-14	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K	Homo sapiens	59-66
8628302-3	1996	The pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT element both bound to hnRNP K and competitively inhibited transcription in vitro, suggesting a role for hnRNP K in activating transcription through this single-stranded sequence.	pyrimidine	4-14	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K	Homo sapiens	141-148
11666481-2	1996	The deprotonated PMA(-) ligand binds Co(III) via five nitrogens located in primary and secondary amines, a pyrimidine and an imidazole ring, and a peptide moiety.	pyrimidine	107-117	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	37-44
8626464-4	1996	The last step in this series of phosphorylations is performed by nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase, an enzyme that can use both purine or pyrimidine and oxy- or deoxynucleotides as substrates.	pyrimidine	140-150	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	65-100
8601634-2	1996	The ability of c-Myc to bind the sequence CAC(G/A)TG and transactivate appears to be linked to its transforming activity; however, c-Myc also represses transcription in vitro through a pyrimidine-rich cis element termed the initiator (Inr).	pyrimidine	185-195	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	15-20
8601634-2	1996	The ability of c-Myc to bind the sequence CAC(G/A)TG and transactivate appears to be linked to its transforming activity; however, c-Myc also represses transcription in vitro through a pyrimidine-rich cis element termed the initiator (Inr).	pyrimidine	185-195	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	131-136
8642606-1	1996	J.C. Shepherd notes that codons of the type RNY (R = purine, N = any nucleotide base, Y = pyrimidine) predominate over RNR in the genes for proteins.	pyrimidine	90-100	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 3	Homo sapiens	119-122
8657133-4	1996	DNase I protection assays revealed, within this region, three homologous highly pyrimidine rich octanucleotide sequence motifs, termed SAA-activating sequences (SAS).	pyrimidine	80-90	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	135-138
8965644-0	1996	Role of highly conserved pyrimidine-rich sequences in the 3" untranslated region of the GAP-43 mRNA in mRNA stability and RNA-protein interactions.	pyrimidine	25-35	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	88-94
8721750-6	1996	The Lpe1 gene encodes a polypeptide with significant similarity to microbial pyrimidine and purine transport proteins.	pyrimidine	77-87	nucleobase-ascorbate transporter LPE1	Zea mays	4-8
8660297-0	1996	Single-strand-DNA-binding factors specifically recognize the pyrimidine element in the chick alpha2(I) collagen gene promoter.	pyrimidine	61-71	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Gallus gallus	93-111
8660297-1	1996	A pyrimidine element with mirror repeats centered at position -192 bp of the chick alpha2(I) collagen promoter interacts with sequence-specific DNA-binding factors.	pyrimidine	2-12	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Gallus gallus	83-101
8786099-2	1996	The rudimentary gene product is thought to have significant enzymatic functions in the pyrimidine metabolic pathway, as well as a critical role in development of the wings.	pyrimidine	87-97	rudimentary	Drosophila melanogaster	4-15
8607271-2	1996	The TAR domain, minimally required for tat response, includes the Tat binding pyrimidine bulge, the TAR RNA upper stem, and the loop sequences.	pyrimidine	78-88	RNA binding motif protein 8A	Homo sapiens	4-7
8621733-0	1996	Characterization of the hypoxia-inducible protein binding site within the pyrimidine-rich tract in the 3"-untranslated region of the tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA.	pyrimidine	74-84	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	133-153
8621733-2	1996	The observed increase in half-life (30 h versus 10 h) correlates with enhanced binding of a 66-kDa protein (hypoxia inducible protein) to the pyrimidine-rich tract located between bases 1552 1578 in the 3 -untranslated region of TH mRNA (hypoxia-inducible protein binding site (HIPBS)).	pyrimidine	142-152	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	229-231
8654951-5	1996	The results suggest that PYBF and the pyrimidine-rich region upstream from HBD can specifically enhance HBB transcription in adult erythroid cells.	pyrimidine	38-48	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	104-107
8634268-6	1996	The DHP niguldipine and a structurally related pyrimidine stereoselectively stimulated reversible (-)-[3H]BZDC-DHP binding, suggesting that more than one DHP molecule can bind to p-gp at the same time.	pyrimidine	47-57	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
8822203-6	1996	However, cyclin A was decreased by BrdUrd, suggesting that this pyrimidine analogue arrests melanoma cells at a G1 transition point, unlike that of serum starvation.	pyrimidine	64-74	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	9-17
8570639-2	1996	Pyrimidine nucleotides were found to interact very weakly with Ang, consistent with the inaccessible B1 pyrimidine binding site revealed by x-ray crystallography.	pyrimidine	104-114	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	63-66
8566754-10	1996	Oligonucleotide competitions and UV cross-linking indicated that the enhancer pyrimidine track binds the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), but not U2 snRNP auxiliary factor (U2AF), and that binding of PTB was required for maximal enhancer-mediated polyadenylation.	pyrimidine	78-88	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	105-141
8566754-10	1996	Oligonucleotide competitions and UV cross-linking indicated that the enhancer pyrimidine track binds the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), but not U2 snRNP auxiliary factor (U2AF), and that binding of PTB was required for maximal enhancer-mediated polyadenylation.	pyrimidine	78-88	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	143-146
8566754-10	1996	Oligonucleotide competitions and UV cross-linking indicated that the enhancer pyrimidine track binds the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), but not U2 snRNP auxiliary factor (U2AF), and that binding of PTB was required for maximal enhancer-mediated polyadenylation.	pyrimidine	78-88	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	211-214
8805514-1	1996	BACKGROUND: Nucleoside 2-deoxyribosyltransferase plays an important role in the salvage pathway of nucleotide metabolism in certain organisms, catalyzing the cleavage of beta-2"-deoxyribonucleosides and the subsequent transfer of the deoxyribosyl moiety to an acceptor purine or pyrimidine base.	pyrimidine	279-289	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	170-176
8869746-8	1996	Thus it may be possible for rTS to confer greater sensitivity to one pyrimidine analog (e.g., TFT) which is a product analog but to increase resistance or have a minor effect on a substrate analog (e.g., FdUMP) by stabilizing different conformations of TS.	pyrimidine	69-79	RT1 class Ib, locus EC2	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
8869746-8	1996	Thus it may be possible for rTS to confer greater sensitivity to one pyrimidine analog (e.g., TFT) which is a product analog but to increase resistance or have a minor effect on a substrate analog (e.g., FdUMP) by stabilizing different conformations of TS.	pyrimidine	69-79	RT1 class Ib, locus EC2	Rattus norvegicus	29-31
8671736-5	1996	Excision of (6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts in the whole genome increased to a maximum at about the haploid level of XPA expression, but there was little pyrimidine dimer excision from the whole genome.	pyrimidine	18-28	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	127-130
8912928-1	1996	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism, has recently been purified to homogeneity from several species.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	33-36
9689215-1	1996	A pyrimidine-rich element (PyRE), present in the 21st intron of the PKD1 gene, posed a significant obstacle in determining the primary structure of the gene.	pyrimidine	2-12	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	68-72
7578090-2	1995	We now describe an intramolecular triple helix with dT*dA-dT base triplets in which the pyrimidine third strand is oriented antiparallel, formed by folding back twice the tridecamer dT10-linker-dA10-linker-dT10 (linker = pO(CH2CH2O)3p).	pyrimidine	88-98	Actin 57B	Drosophila melanogaster	182-186
8548458-2	1996	The Class I glutamine amidotransferase domain of GMP synthetase is found in related enzymes of the purine, pyrimidine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine and folic acid biosynthetic pathways.	pyrimidine	107-117	guanine monophosphate synthase	Homo sapiens	49-63
8701093-16	1996	A specific DNA binding element in the promoter region of the c-myc proto-oncogene has been identified as AT-rich domain of homopurine/pyrimidine stretches flanked by GC-rich sequences.	pyrimidine	134-144	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	61-66
9084221-1	1996	The repeated purine-pyrimidine motif (AT)xTy at the region -530bp 5" to the beta-globin gene is regarded as the binding site for BP1, a transcriptionally repressive nuclear protein.	pyrimidine	20-30	BP1	Homo sapiens	129-132
8576098-5	1995	The fraction (80 kDa) that corrected the UDS in XP-A cells also complemented the defect of the XP-A cell extract in the incision of DNA containing a pyrimidine dimer in a cell-free system.	pyrimidine	149-159	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	48-52
7479028-7	1995	In addition to the c-myc element, NDPK-B is binding in vitro to a variety of poly-pyrimidine rich sequences including dC or dT homo-oligomers, (CT)n dinucleotide repeats, the initiator region of the Adenovirus major late promoter and even poly-pyrimidine rich RNAs.	pyrimidine	82-92	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	34-40
8576098-5	1995	The fraction (80 kDa) that corrected the UDS in XP-A cells also complemented the defect of the XP-A cell extract in the incision of DNA containing a pyrimidine dimer in a cell-free system.	pyrimidine	149-159	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	95-99
7558442-3	1995	Since the mutations in the Ha-ras and Ki-ras oncogenes are located opposite potential pyrimidine dimer sites (C-C), it is likely that the mutations are induced by ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight.	pyrimidine	86-96	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	38-44
7673235-4	1995	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase catalyzes the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	66-76	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-28
7642635-4	1995	As a generalization of the mechanism described for T4 endonuclease V, a repair glycosylase/AP lyase that is specific for ultraviolet light-induced cis-syn pyrimidine dimers, a hypothesis concerning the mechanism of these repair glycosylases has been proposed.	pyrimidine	155-165	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	91-99
7556172-5	1995	With potassium permanganate and osmium tetroxide/pyridine, probes for the accessibility of the 5,6 double bond of pyrimidine residues, BgPI has a more potent effect than BePI and, generally, the reaction with KMnO4 is more pronounced than that with OsO4.	pyrimidine	114-124	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
8835614-0	1995	The neurotrophic pyrimidine heterocyclic compound MS-818 promotes the angiogenesis induced by basic FGF.	pyrimidine	17-27	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	100-103
7627962-6	1995	One of the compounds, the novel pyrimidine analogue 5-ethoxy-2"-deoxyuridine (EOdU), was found to be a substrate for the transferase reaction of TP, to have little or no direct cytotoxicity, to selectively increase the cellular levels of 5-fluoro-dUMP, to enhance the inhibitory effect of FUra on thymidylate synthase activity, and to potentiate the cytotoxicity of FUra and IFN in human colon carcinoma cells.	pyrimidine	32-42	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	145-147
7627962-6	1995	One of the compounds, the novel pyrimidine analogue 5-ethoxy-2"-deoxyuridine (EOdU), was found to be a substrate for the transferase reaction of TP, to have little or no direct cytotoxicity, to selectively increase the cellular levels of 5-fluoro-dUMP, to enhance the inhibitory effect of FUra on thymidylate synthase activity, and to potentiate the cytotoxicity of FUra and IFN in human colon carcinoma cells.	pyrimidine	32-42	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	366-378
7632720-3	1995	Here, we report that the two forms of TK1 differ manyfold in affinity to the substrate ATP, to the inhibitor dTTP and to various analogs of thymidine substituted in the pyrimidine or sugar.	pyrimidine	169-179	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
7596441-2	1995	p53 response elements contain two or more copies of a somewhat promiscuous consensus sequence: 5"-XXXC(A,T)(T,A)GYY-3" (where X is a purine and Y is a pyrimidine) (ref.	pyrimidine	151-161	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	0-3
8590465-2	1995	The URA1 gene encodes the bifunctional protein GLNase/CPSase-ATCase which catalyses the first two steps of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	111-121	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
7668045-5	1995	The RPL17B promoter region includes two TATA boxes, a canonical UASRPG motif, and several pyrimidine-rich tracts.	pyrimidine	90-100	ribosomal 60S subunit protein L17B	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-10
7794930-3	1995	The human c-myc protooncogene contains a 23 base pair purine-pyrimidine-rich motif (-62 to -40) within its predominant promoter, P2, that is a potential target for purine-purine-pyrimidine triplex formation.	pyrimidine	61-71	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	10-15
7794930-3	1995	The human c-myc protooncogene contains a 23 base pair purine-pyrimidine-rich motif (-62 to -40) within its predominant promoter, P2, that is a potential target for purine-purine-pyrimidine triplex formation.	pyrimidine	178-188	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	10-15
7794930-4	1995	Using electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) and competition experiments, we have demonstrated that a MAZ (myc-associated zinc finger protein) consensus sequence is capable of competing with the purine-pyrimidine motif for the binding of a HeLa nuclear protein.	pyrimidine	210-220	MYC associated zinc finger protein	Homo sapiens	110-113
7794930-4	1995	Using electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) and competition experiments, we have demonstrated that a MAZ (myc-associated zinc finger protein) consensus sequence is capable of competing with the purine-pyrimidine motif for the binding of a HeLa nuclear protein.	pyrimidine	210-220	MYC associated zinc finger protein	Homo sapiens	115-149
7791217-5	1995	Endonuclease III demonstrates two activities; as a glycosylase that removes saturated pyrimidine bases, such as dihydrothymine, and as an AP lyase that cleaves DNA strands at abasic sites.	pyrimidine	86-96	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
7601137-6	1995	The activity of the rpL30 promoter was significantly diminished when three pyrimidine residues spanning the start site were converted to purines, indicating that the integrity of the oligopyrimidine tract is also a determinant of the transcriptional efficiency.	pyrimidine	75-85	ribosomal protein L30	Mus musculus	20-25
7607213-7	1995	The avian gastrin gene contained no recognizable TATA-box motif, a feature unique to this gene family, but had a G+C-rich region immediately upstream of the transcription initiation site, and a Z-DNA purine-pyrimidine repeat sequence.	pyrimidine	207-217	gastrin	Homo sapiens	10-17
7729421-12	1995	These striking similarities, together with the unique pattern of regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae, suggest that PPR1 evolved through recruitment into the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of an ancestral gene related to uaY.	pyrimidine	79-89	Ppr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-138
7729421-12	1995	These striking similarities, together with the unique pattern of regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae, suggest that PPR1 evolved through recruitment into the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of an ancestral gene related to uaY.	pyrimidine	176-186	Ppr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-138
7708754-2	1995	Crystallography and mutagenesis of human Ang have previously shown that its pyrimidine binding site is obstructed by Gln-117, implying that a conformational change is a key part of the mechanism of Ang action.	pyrimidine	76-86	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	41-44
7708754-2	1995	Crystallography and mutagenesis of human Ang have previously shown that its pyrimidine binding site is obstructed by Gln-117, implying that a conformational change is a key part of the mechanism of Ang action.	pyrimidine	76-86	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	198-201
7695637-11	1995	5"-Flanking region(s) of STM contained neither canonical TATA nor CCAAT elements, but they did contain pyrimidine-rich stretches.	pyrimidine	103-113	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	25-28
7854318-1	1995	The dhod gene encodes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase), which catalyzes the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	107-117	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	4-8
7854318-1	1995	The dhod gene encodes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase), which catalyzes the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	107-117	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	22-50
7854318-1	1995	The dhod gene encodes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase), which catalyzes the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	107-117	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	52-61
7840644-0	1995	Structure and function of a long alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence in the mouse alcohol dehydrogenase Adh-1 gene.	pyrimidine	52-62	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	85-106
7840644-0	1995	Structure and function of a long alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence in the mouse alcohol dehydrogenase Adh-1 gene.	pyrimidine	52-62	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	107-112
7840644-1	1995	The mouse alcohol dehydrogenase gene Adh-1 contains an unusually long alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence within its first intron.	pyrimidine	89-99	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	10-31
7840644-1	1995	The mouse alcohol dehydrogenase gene Adh-1 contains an unusually long alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence within its first intron.	pyrimidine	89-99	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	37-42
7572337-23	1995	In animals injected with cycloheximide the bone marrow PI and PIP kinase activities exhibited t1/2 = 0.12 hr, the shortest decay rate in comparison with 8 enzymes of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis with t1/2 = 0.6 to 4.3 hr.	pyrimidine	177-187	prolactin induced protein	Homo sapiens	62-65
7875122-1	1995	Ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis in a plasmid-borne Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA gene (SUP4-o) occurs preferentially at sites where the pyrimidine in the base pair is part of a dipyrimidine sequence on the transcribed strand.	pyrimidine	133-143	SUP4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-88
7578090-2	1995	We now describe an intramolecular triple helix with dT*dA-dT base triplets in which the pyrimidine third strand is oriented antiparallel, formed by folding back twice the tridecamer dT10-linker-dA10-linker-dT10 (linker = pO(CH2CH2O)3p).	pyrimidine	88-98	Actin 57B	Drosophila melanogaster	206-210
7745706-7	1995	We identified a cDNA, designated TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43), which encodes a cellular factor of 43 kDa that binds specifically to pyrimidine-rich motifs in TAR.	pyrimidine	136-146	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	33-56
7745706-7	1995	We identified a cDNA, designated TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43), which encodes a cellular factor of 43 kDa that binds specifically to pyrimidine-rich motifs in TAR.	pyrimidine	136-146	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	58-64
7745706-7	1995	We identified a cDNA, designated TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43), which encodes a cellular factor of 43 kDa that binds specifically to pyrimidine-rich motifs in TAR.	pyrimidine	136-146	RNA binding motif protein 8A	Homo sapiens	33-36
7626590-5	1995	Among pyrimidine-catabolizing enzymes, dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2) activity showed significant retardation in the Zn-deficient rat liver with decrease of the enzyme protein.	pyrimidine	6-16	dihydropyrimidinase	Rattus norvegicus	39-58
7769843-7	1995	However, K562R displayed a significant (ie 70%) reduction in the level of activity of the pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme, deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), compared to K562S cells.	pyrimidine	90-100	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	125-145
7769843-7	1995	However, K562R displayed a significant (ie 70%) reduction in the level of activity of the pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme, deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), compared to K562S cells.	pyrimidine	90-100	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	147-150
7648404-2	1995	Biochemical studies have demonstrated that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase; EC 1.3.3.1 or 1.3.99.11) is the sole enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in mitochondria, whereas the rest of the pathway takes place in the cytosol.	pyrimidine	139-149	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	43-71
7648404-2	1995	Biochemical studies have demonstrated that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase; EC 1.3.3.1 or 1.3.99.11) is the sole enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in mitochondria, whereas the rest of the pathway takes place in the cytosol.	pyrimidine	139-149	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
7876260-1	1995	We have previously reported that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) binds to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT element found in the human c-myc gene and activates CT reporter-driven gene expression in vivo.	pyrimidine	98-108	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K	Homo sapiens	33-74
7876260-1	1995	We have previously reported that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) binds to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT element found in the human c-myc gene and activates CT reporter-driven gene expression in vivo.	pyrimidine	98-108	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K	Homo sapiens	76-83
7876260-1	1995	We have previously reported that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) binds to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT element found in the human c-myc gene and activates CT reporter-driven gene expression in vivo.	pyrimidine	98-108	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	158-163
7827031-10	1995	4,6-Diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine may be produced by hydration of adenine and guanine, respectively, across the N(7)-C(8) double bond by mechanisms similar to those proposed previously for well-known formation of pyrimidine hydrates with the hydroxyl group located at C(6).	pyrimidine	23-33	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	165-169
7827031-10	1995	4,6-Diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine may be produced by hydration of adenine and guanine, respectively, across the N(7)-C(8) double bond by mechanisms similar to those proposed previously for well-known formation of pyrimidine hydrates with the hydroxyl group located at C(6).	pyrimidine	23-33	complement C6	Homo sapiens	316-320
7827031-11	1995	Formation of 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine indicates that hydration of thymine with the hydroxyl group located at C(5) of the pyrimidine ring also occurs.	pyrimidine	125-135	complement C5	Homo sapiens	113-117
7822329-10	1995	Furthermore, we show that PU.1 can bind with varying affinities to the pyrimidine-rich elements of several other Ig promoters.	pyrimidine	71-81	Spi-1 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	26-30
7918491-10	1994	The residue corresponding to Cys449 in A. vinlandii lipoamide dehydrogenase (Val447) is about 9 A from the carbonyl oxygen at C(2) in the pyrimidine ring of FAD.	pyrimidine	138-148	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	52-75
7765578-9	1994	It has been suggested that D-amino acid production from DL-5-substituted hydantoin involves the action of a series of enzymes involved in pyrimidine degradation, namely amide-ring opening enzyme, dihydropyrimidinase, and N-carbamoylamide hydrolyzing enzyme, beta-ureidopropionase.	pyrimidine	138-148	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	196-215
7765578-9	1994	It has been suggested that D-amino acid production from DL-5-substituted hydantoin involves the action of a series of enzymes involved in pyrimidine degradation, namely amide-ring opening enzyme, dihydropyrimidinase, and N-carbamoylamide hydrolyzing enzyme, beta-ureidopropionase.	pyrimidine	138-148	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	258-279
7526199-1	1994	DNA photolyase catalyzes light-dependent repair of cis, syn-cyclobutane dipyrimidines (pyrimidine dimers); its apoenzyme is encoded by the photorepair (phr) gene.	pyrimidine	74-84	photorepair	Drosophila melanogaster	4-14
7526199-1	1994	DNA photolyase catalyzes light-dependent repair of cis, syn-cyclobutane dipyrimidines (pyrimidine dimers); its apoenzyme is encoded by the photorepair (phr) gene.	pyrimidine	74-84	Synapsin	Drosophila melanogaster	56-59
7526199-1	1994	DNA photolyase catalyzes light-dependent repair of cis, syn-cyclobutane dipyrimidines (pyrimidine dimers); its apoenzyme is encoded by the photorepair (phr) gene.	pyrimidine	74-84	photorepair	Drosophila melanogaster	139-150
7526199-1	1994	DNA photolyase catalyzes light-dependent repair of cis, syn-cyclobutane dipyrimidines (pyrimidine dimers); its apoenzyme is encoded by the photorepair (phr) gene.	pyrimidine	74-84	photorepair	Drosophila melanogaster	152-155
7916269-0	1994	Appearance of CAD activity, the rate-limiting enzyme for pyrimidine biosynthesis, as B cells progress into and through the G1 stage of the cell cycle.	pyrimidine	57-67	congenital cataract	Mus musculus	14-17
7916269-1	1994	CAD is a multifunctional protein which mediates the first three enzymatic steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	83-93	congenital cataract	Mus musculus	0-3
7851887-4	1994	The promoter region of the hamster ERCC2 gene contains a pyrimidine-rich stretch (42 nucleotides, 88% C+T) similar to sequences found in the promoter regions of two other nucleotide excision repair genes, a GC box, a putative alpha-Pal transcription factor binding site, and two CAAT boxes.	pyrimidine	57-67	ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
7937104-7	1994	Pyrimidine tract deletions also influenced the crosslinking of PTB (the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein), hnRNP C, and splicing factor U2AF65.	pyrimidine	0-10	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
8001781-6	1994	However, the intron of the Mtn gene in D. ananassae is only 69 bp long, whereas the length of the Mtn.3 and Mtn1 introns is 265 bp; and it lacks a polypyrimidine stretch upstream of the 3" splice site in contrast to the much greater pyrimidine-richness found in the Mtn.3 and Mtn1 introns.	pyrimidine	151-161	metallothionein-1	Drosophila simulans	27-30
8065346-0	1994	The RAD7 and RAD16 genes, which are essential for pyrimidine dimer removal from the silent mating type loci, are also required for repair of the nontranscribed strand of an active gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	50-60	UV-damaged DNA-binding protein RAD7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
8065346-0	1994	The RAD7 and RAD16 genes, which are essential for pyrimidine dimer removal from the silent mating type loci, are also required for repair of the nontranscribed strand of an active gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	50-60	DNA repair protein RAD16	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-18
8065346-1	1994	The rad16 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was previously shown to be impaired in removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the silent mating-type loci (D. D. Bang, R. A. Verhage, N. Goosen, J. Brouwer, and P. van de Putte, Nucleic Acids Res.	pyrimidine	106-116	DNA repair protein RAD16	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
8060994-4	1994	The cytosine hydrate and uracil hydrate content of the DNA was determined by the use of Escherichia coli endonuclease III, which releases pyrimidine hydrates from DNA by virtue of its DNA glycosylase activity.	pyrimidine	138-148	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	105-121
8050490-3	1994	Basic FGF-transfected cells that grew in the presence of PALA were found to possess an amplification of the CAD gene, which codes for a multifunctional protein involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis and is the site of action for PALA.	pyrimidine	172-182	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	6-9
8045264-4	1994	Purified PSF is known to UV crosslink to pyrimidine tracts, and our data show that PSF UV crosslinks to pre-mRNA in purified C complex.	pyrimidine	41-51	splicing factor proline and glutamine rich	Homo sapiens	9-12
8041611-5	1994	Furthermore, the pyrimidine-rich region of hY1 RNA appeared to be very resistant to reagents under native conditions, although it was accessible to chemical reagents under semi-denaturing conditions.	pyrimidine	17-27	RNA, Ro60-associated Y1	Homo sapiens	43-46
8021180-3	1994	In the characterization of the pyrimidine pathway of Lactococcus lactis, two different pyrD genes encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase were isolated.	pyrimidine	31-41	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-135
7916346-2	1994	The multifunctional protein CAD catalyzes the first three steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells.	pyrimidine	75-85	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase	Homo sapiens	4-31
8049439-4	1994	Regarding the mechanism of the t(1;7) in HSB-2, we identified an alternating purine-pyrimidine tract (G-T)17 at the 1p34/LCK breakpoint.	pyrimidine	84-94	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	121-124
7937104-7	1994	Pyrimidine tract deletions also influenced the crosslinking of PTB (the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein), hnRNP C, and splicing factor U2AF65.	pyrimidine	0-10	polypyrimidine tract-binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	72-108
7937104-7	1994	Pyrimidine tract deletions also influenced the crosslinking of PTB (the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein), hnRNP C, and splicing factor U2AF65.	pyrimidine	0-10	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Rattus norvegicus	111-118
7513081-1	1994	We have identified two regions of non-random purine/pyrimidine strand asymmetry that were nearly identical in sequence in the 5" flanking (promoter) regions of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and the human MUC1 gene.	pyrimidine	52-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-221
7513081-1	1994	We have identified two regions of non-random purine/pyrimidine strand asymmetry that were nearly identical in sequence in the 5" flanking (promoter) regions of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and the human MUC1 gene.	pyrimidine	52-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	223-227
8137250-8	1994	The pyrimidine analogue 5-propynyloxy-2"-deoxyuridine (PO-dUrd) had 15% of the maximal TP activity in cell extracts and also increased thymine incorporation in intact cells 10-fold.	pyrimidine	4-14	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	87-89
8159680-1	1994	The crystal structure of human angiogenin (reported in the preceding paper in this issue) reveals that the site that corresponds to the pyrimidine binding site of RNase A is obstructed by Gln-117.	pyrimidine	136-146	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	31-41
8159680-1	1994	The crystal structure of human angiogenin (reported in the preceding paper in this issue) reveals that the site that corresponds to the pyrimidine binding site of RNase A is obstructed by Gln-117.	pyrimidine	136-146	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	163-170
7908289-0	1994	Hypoxia stimulates binding of a cytoplasmic protein to a pyrimidine-rich sequence in the 3"-untranslated region of rat tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA.	pyrimidine	57-67	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	119-139
8151125-0	1994	Enhanced pyrimidine dimer repair in cultured murine epithelial cells transfected with the denV gene of bacteriophage T4.	pyrimidine	9-19	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	90-94
8151125-2	1994	Cells with enhanced pyrimidine dimer repair were produced by transfecting 308 cells with the denV gene of bacteriophage T4; this gene encodes the enzyme endonuclease V.	pyrimidine	20-30	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	93-97
8151125-2	1994	Cells with enhanced pyrimidine dimer repair were produced by transfecting 308 cells with the denV gene of bacteriophage T4; this gene encodes the enzyme endonuclease V.	pyrimidine	20-30	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	153-167
8151125-5	1994	Excision repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in denV-transfected 308 cells was enhanced two- to threefold.	pyrimidine	30-40	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	51-55
8016216-0	1994	Pyrimidine dimer induction and removal in the epidermis of hairless mice: inefficient repair in the genome overall and rapid repair in the H-ras sequence.	pyrimidine	0-10	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	139-144
8128225-0	1994	Slow repair of pyrimidine dimers at p53 mutation hotspots in skin cancer.	pyrimidine	15-25	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
8289801-1	1994	Using an assay that measures the removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in specific DNA sequences, we have found that the Pvt-1, immunoglobulin H-C alpha (IgH-C alpha), and IgL-kappa loci are poorly repaired in normal B lymphoblasts from plasmacytoma-susceptible BALB/cAnPt mice.	pyrimidine	55-65	Pvt1 oncogene	Mus musculus	123-128
8112457-1	1994	A fusion protein (FP) comprised of the RNase A S-peptide and human epidermal growth factor was shown to form a stable noncovalent catalytically active complex with the RNase A S-protein at a stoichiometric ratio 1:1 with Kdiss = 5.0 x 10(-7) M. The S-protein complex with FP exhibits the pyrimidine specificity toward substrates in both reactions catalyzed by RNase S, transesterification and hydrolysis.	pyrimidine	288-298	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	39-46
8112457-1	1994	A fusion protein (FP) comprised of the RNase A S-peptide and human epidermal growth factor was shown to form a stable noncovalent catalytically active complex with the RNase A S-protein at a stoichiometric ratio 1:1 with Kdiss = 5.0 x 10(-7) M. The S-protein complex with FP exhibits the pyrimidine specificity toward substrates in both reactions catalyzed by RNase S, transesterification and hydrolysis.	pyrimidine	288-298	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	67-90
8112457-1	1994	A fusion protein (FP) comprised of the RNase A S-peptide and human epidermal growth factor was shown to form a stable noncovalent catalytically active complex with the RNase A S-protein at a stoichiometric ratio 1:1 with Kdiss = 5.0 x 10(-7) M. The S-protein complex with FP exhibits the pyrimidine specificity toward substrates in both reactions catalyzed by RNase S, transesterification and hydrolysis.	pyrimidine	288-298	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	168-175
8224190-2	1993	The SSB protein binds to supercoiled plasmids and causes a site-preferential increase in OsO4 reactivity of the pyrimidine strand involved in the formation of the Hy-3 isomer of the triplex structure.	pyrimidine	112-122	single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	4-7
8293797-1	1994	4,6-dimethyl-2-amino-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-pyrimidine (B-31) is a pyrimidine derivative previously reported to arrest the mitotic cycle of mammalian cells in metaphase.	pyrimidine	44-54	cytohesin 1 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	56-60
8261448-5	1994	Forty-four % (16 of 36) of BCCs had a mutated p53 allele, usually opposite pyrimidine tracts, which is consistent with UV-induced mutations.	pyrimidine	75-85	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	46-49
7779405-1	1994	Mixed purine-pyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotides were designed to form collinear DNA triplexes with pyrimidine-rich elements in the EGFR gene promoter.	pyrimidine	13-23	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	129-133
7779405-1	1994	Mixed purine-pyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotides were designed to form collinear DNA triplexes with pyrimidine-rich elements in the EGFR gene promoter.	pyrimidine	97-107	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	129-133
8139459-4	1993	31P spectra from a perfused suspension of RIF-1 fibrosarcoma cells exhibited a gamma-nucleoside triphosphate resonance which was resolved into purine and pyrimidine components.	pyrimidine	154-164	replication timing regulatory factor 1	Mus musculus	42-47
8369294-1	1993	In thymidylate synthase (TS, EC 2.1.1.45), the only side chain in direct hydrogen bonding with the pyrimidine ring of the substrate dUMP is asparagine 229 (N229).	pyrimidine	99-109	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	3-23
7901237-3	1993	The HER-2/neu oncogene, which is overexpressed in breast cancer and other human malignancies, contains a purine-rich sequence in its promoter, which is favorable for purine:purine:pyrimidine (R:R:Y) triplex formation.	pyrimidine	180-190	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	4-13
8246910-1	1993	Recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN) enhances the cytotoxic effects of the fluorinated pyrimidine, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), against two human colon cancer cell lines.	pyrimidine	85-95	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	12-34
8233819-2	1993	The 5" end of EF-1 alpha mRNA, examined by primer extension, revealed the presence of a terminal pyrimidine tract that is characteristic of ribosomal protein mRNAs (rp-mRNAs).	pyrimidine	97-107	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	14-24
8216262-4	1993	The results suggest that an interplay between substituents at C(4) and C(5) of the pyrimidine ring may affect the specificity of thymidylate synthase inactivation.	pyrimidine	83-93	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	129-149
7901808-0	1993	The pyrimidine-derivative, BW1003C87, protects CA1 and striatal neurons following transient severe forebrain ischaemia in rats.	pyrimidine	4-14	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
8353843-8	1993	We find that the repair of the pyrimidine dimers is significantly less efficient in the RNA polymerase I transcribed rDNA genes than in RNA polymerase II transcribed DHFR gene at 8 and 24 h after irradiation.	pyrimidine	31-41	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	166-170
8349701-6	1993	Surprisingly, hnRNP protein K binds to the pyrimidine-rich strand of the CT-element in a sequence-specific manner as well as to the double-stranded molecule.	pyrimidine	43-53	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	14-19
7693829-7	1993	The protective effect induced by IFN against NK activity is dependent on new mRNA and protein synthesis and can be abolished when target cells are incubated with a combination of IFN and metabolic inhibitors or by chemotherapeutic purine or pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	241-251	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
8398636-2	1993	One of its principal mechanisms of action is inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), a central enzymatic step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	133-143	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	70-90
8398636-2	1993	One of its principal mechanisms of action is inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), a central enzymatic step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	133-143	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	92-94
8504424-3	1993	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; EC 1.3.1.2), is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway and has been shown to be the key enzyme in FdUrd catabolism.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
1446837-1	1992	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase, EC 1.3.3.1) catalyses the fourth enzymatic step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	100-110	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
8387645-6	1993	Promoters whose accurate transcription is directed by a pyrimidine-rich initiator element, however, are immune to the effects of p53.	pyrimidine	56-66	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	129-132
8364468-2	1993	The newly synthesized pyrimidine compounds promote neurite outgrowth of GOTO and neuro 2a neuroblastoma cell lines, and potentiate nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite sprouting of PC 12 cells.	pyrimidine	22-32	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	131-150
8364468-2	1993	The newly synthesized pyrimidine compounds promote neurite outgrowth of GOTO and neuro 2a neuroblastoma cell lines, and potentiate nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite sprouting of PC 12 cells.	pyrimidine	22-32	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	152-155
8466640-10	1993	The protective effect induced by IFN against NK activity is dependent on new mRNA and protein synthesis and can be abolished when target cells are incubated with combination of IFN and metabolic inhibitors or by chemotherapeutic purine or pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	239-249	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
8247786-3	1993	Substitution of an electron-releasing group (p-xylyl) at C-5 raises the ratio of the products from the C6-protonated pyrimidine electron adduct (III) (3, 4) vs. the adduct from the O4-protonated isomer (II) (5), while the electron-withdrawing substituents (F > Cl) suppress the ratios.	pyrimidine	117-127	complement C5	Homo sapiens	57-60
1472050-0	1992	Isolation of a DNA endonuclease complex in XPD cells which is defective in ability to incise nucleosomal DNA containing pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	120-130	ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit	Homo sapiens	43-46
1472050-1	1992	A DNA endonuclease complex which recognizes predominantly pyrimidine dimers in UVC irradiated DNA has been isolated from the chromatin of normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D (XPD) lymphoblastoid cells.	pyrimidine	58-68	ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit	Homo sapiens	155-201
1472050-1	1992	A DNA endonuclease complex which recognizes predominantly pyrimidine dimers in UVC irradiated DNA has been isolated from the chromatin of normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D (XPD) lymphoblastoid cells.	pyrimidine	58-68	ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit	Homo sapiens	203-206
8482538-4	1993	Furthermore, similar to the other higher eukaryote r-protein-encoding genes characterized so far, the human L7 alpha gene has a C as the major transcriptional start point localized in a pyrimidine-rich region and lacks a canonical TATA sequence.	pyrimidine	186-196	ribosomal protein L7a	Homo sapiens	108-116
8471619-1	1993	The alternating pyrimidine-purine elements CA, CAC, and CACA are anisotropically flexible, as deduced from gel circularization assays on point mutations and single-base mismatches in the OR3 site of lambda phage alone and in the specific complex with the Cro protein.	pyrimidine	16-26	cro	Escherichia virus Lambda	255-258
8448846-3	1993	Applications of thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and conventional cation-exchange amino acid analysis lead to detection of various defects in pyrimidine degradation, including the recently described deficiencies of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and dihydropyrimidinase.	pyrimidine	176-186	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	285-304
8382696-6	1993	DNA-protein binding by gel mobility shift and methylation interference analyses indicated that the pyrimidine-rich sequence immediately flanking the transcription start site consists of an NF-E1 factor binding motif with an overlapping upstream Sp1 binding site.	pyrimidine	99-109	YY1 transcription factor	Mus musculus	189-194
8440240-4	1993	More recent data have also revealed alternate interactions of USF43 at pyrimidine-rich (consensus YYAYTCYY) initiator (Inr) elements present in a variety of core promoters.	pyrimidine	71-81	upstream transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
8428672-3	1993	The 5" end of hL30 is pyrimidine-rich, as is the case for most other mammalian r-protein mRNAs.	pyrimidine	22-32	ribosomal protein L30	Homo sapiens	14-18
8419366-13	1993	These results indicate that a critical parameter for the functionality of endonuclease V is the relative distance between the primary alpha NH2 group in the active site of the enzyme and those elements responsible for DNA binding and pyrimidine dimer recognition.	pyrimidine	234-244	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	74-88
8356916-10	1993	(5) Cycloheximide treatment of rats carrying hepatomas yielded a t1/2 = 3.4 hr in the tumor for deoxycytidine kinase activity which was the shortest among the examined enzymes of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	190-200	deoxycytidine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	96-116
8356916-11	1993	(6) Actinomycin treatment of rats carrying hepatomas yielded a t1/2 of 5.8 hr for deoxycytidine kinase activity in the tumor which was one of the shortest in the examined enzymes of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	193-203	deoxycytidine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	82-102
8500781-1	1993	The coenzyme-independent dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.3.1) linking the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway to the respiratory chain, was ultracytochemically localized by the tetrazolium method in derepressed exponential-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	79-89	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-53
7677944-2	1993	A partial deficiency in the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers originally observed in the mus304 mutants is now attributed to the presence of a secondary phr mutation in that stock.	pyrimidine	47-57	mutagen-sensitive 304	Drosophila melanogaster	92-98
7677944-2	1993	A partial deficiency in the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers originally observed in the mus304 mutants is now attributed to the presence of a secondary phr mutation in that stock.	pyrimidine	47-57	photorepair	Drosophila melanogaster	156-159
7677944-3	1993	Since the mus306 and mus308 stocks also carry secondary phr mutations, their partial deficiency in repair of pyrimidine dimers may also be the result of that secondary mutation.	pyrimidine	109-119	mus306	Drosophila melanogaster	10-16
7677944-3	1993	Since the mus306 and mus308 stocks also carry secondary phr mutations, their partial deficiency in repair of pyrimidine dimers may also be the result of that secondary mutation.	pyrimidine	109-119	DNA polymerase theta	Drosophila melanogaster	21-27
7677944-3	1993	Since the mus306 and mus308 stocks also carry secondary phr mutations, their partial deficiency in repair of pyrimidine dimers may also be the result of that secondary mutation.	pyrimidine	109-119	photorepair	Drosophila melanogaster	56-59
7677944-4	1993	Accordingly, the Drosophila mutations that are now definitively associated with defects in the incision step of pyrimidine dimers removal are mei-9, mus201 and phr.	pyrimidine	112-122	meiotic 9	Drosophila melanogaster	142-147
7677944-4	1993	Accordingly, the Drosophila mutations that are now definitively associated with defects in the incision step of pyrimidine dimers removal are mei-9, mus201 and phr.	pyrimidine	112-122	mutagen-sensitive 201	Drosophila melanogaster	149-155
7677944-4	1993	Accordingly, the Drosophila mutations that are now definitively associated with defects in the incision step of pyrimidine dimers removal are mei-9, mus201 and phr.	pyrimidine	112-122	photorepair	Drosophila melanogaster	160-163
8456051-1	1993	Effects of danazol, an isoxazol derivative of the synthetic steroid 17 alpha-ethinyltestosterone, on activities of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase, which are the DNA-synthesizing enzymes included in de novo and salvage pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, respectively, were investigated in rat prostate.	pyrimidine	243-253	thymidylate synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	115-137
1474583-1	1992	Chemical probing of the structures of a few very similar 30 base-pair duplexes containing a 6-O-methylguanine (meG) residue at the 16th position reveals that the modified base simultaneously perturbs the helical structure in two ways; it preferentially unstacks the 3" neighbouring base residue (thymine in this study) on the same strand and it unstacks the pyrimidine to which it is base-paired.	pyrimidine	358-368	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 4	Homo sapiens	92-109
1474583-1	1992	Chemical probing of the structures of a few very similar 30 base-pair duplexes containing a 6-O-methylguanine (meG) residue at the 16th position reveals that the modified base simultaneously perturbs the helical structure in two ways; it preferentially unstacks the 3" neighbouring base residue (thymine in this study) on the same strand and it unstacks the pyrimidine to which it is base-paired.	pyrimidine	358-368	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 4	Homo sapiens	111-114
1460042-7	1992	Our results demonstrate that the sequence requirements for PTB binding are different than previously reported and shows that PTB binding cannot be predicted solely on the basis of pyrimidine content.	pyrimidine	180-190	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
1460042-7	1992	Our results demonstrate that the sequence requirements for PTB binding are different than previously reported and shows that PTB binding cannot be predicted solely on the basis of pyrimidine content.	pyrimidine	180-190	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
1446837-1	1992	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase, EC 1.3.3.1) catalyses the fourth enzymatic step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	100-110	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-39
1447776-7	1992	The purines were found to adopt a sugar pucker close to the C-2"-endo conformation while pyrimidine sugars exhibited significantly lower pseudorotation phase angles in the C-1"-exo to C-2"-endo range.	pyrimidine	89-99	complement C2	Homo sapiens	184-187
1331673-3	1992	In addition a binding site within a pyrimidine tract likely binds a novel DNA-binding protein which also interacts with the human NF(H) gene promoter.	pyrimidine	36-46	neurofilament heavy chain	Homo sapiens	130-135
1444219-1	1992	It has been known that thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK) are DNA-synthesizing enzymes via the de novo and salvage pathways, respectively, in pyrimidine metabolism, and an immunological method using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is useful for the detection of S-phase cells.	pyrimidine	161-171	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	23-45
1530662-6	1992	Inhibition of PARP was strongly dependent on the size of the alkyl or halogen substituent on the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	115-125	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
1447418-1	1992	The inhibitory effects of synthetic antioxidants (3-oxypyridine, pyrimidine and hindered phenols) on the enzymic activity of membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was studied.	pyrimidine	65-75	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	140-160
1511880-2	1992	This enzyme catalyses the conversion of DHO to orotic acid and plays a major role in the pyrimidine pathway, as DHO is the effector of the positive control of the transcription of at least four genes, URA1, URA3, URA4 and URA10.	pyrimidine	89-99	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	201-205
1511880-2	1992	This enzyme catalyses the conversion of DHO to orotic acid and plays a major role in the pyrimidine pathway, as DHO is the effector of the positive control of the transcription of at least four genes, URA1, URA3, URA4 and URA10.	pyrimidine	89-99	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	207-211
1511880-2	1992	This enzyme catalyses the conversion of DHO to orotic acid and plays a major role in the pyrimidine pathway, as DHO is the effector of the positive control of the transcription of at least four genes, URA1, URA3, URA4 and URA10.	pyrimidine	89-99	dihydroorotase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	213-217
1511880-2	1992	This enzyme catalyses the conversion of DHO to orotic acid and plays a major role in the pyrimidine pathway, as DHO is the effector of the positive control of the transcription of at least four genes, URA1, URA3, URA4 and URA10.	pyrimidine	89-99	orotate phosphoribosyltransferase URA10	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	222-227
1447418-1	1992	The inhibitory effects of synthetic antioxidants (3-oxypyridine, pyrimidine and hindered phenols) on the enzymic activity of membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was studied.	pyrimidine	65-75	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-166
1381584-7	1992	The present results show that the 5" regulatory region of DUb52 shares common features with the ribosomal protein genes of Drosophila, Xenopus and mouse, including GC- and pyrimidine-rich regions.	pyrimidine	172-182	Ribosomal protein L40	Drosophila melanogaster	58-63
1500593-1	1992	Heterozygotes for a deficiency of uridine-5"-monophosphate synthase, a metabolic disease that interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis, were related to a common ancestor, Skokie Sensation Ned.	pyrimidine	110-120	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	34-67
1320195-10	1992	Both yeast and human RP-A bind preferentially to the pyrimidine-rich strand of a homologous origin of replication: the ARS307 or the simian virus 40 origin of replication, respectively.	pyrimidine	53-63	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	21-25
1359654-0	1992	Complete hamster CAD protein and the carbamylphosphate synthetase domain of CAD complement mammalian cell mutants defective in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	135-145	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
1359654-0	1992	Complete hamster CAD protein and the carbamylphosphate synthetase domain of CAD complement mammalian cell mutants defective in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	135-145	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
1359654-1	1992	The mammalian CAD gene codes for a 240-kDa multifunctional protein that catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	115-125	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
1592112-9	1992	Interestingly, the pyrimidine-rich sequences identified in the promoter regions of the human neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase genes were also found in the 5" flanking region of the GNCP-2 gene.	pyrimidine	19-29	neutrophil cationic peptide 1 type A	Cavia porcellus	188-194
1753946-1	1991	The URA7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes CTP synthetase (EC 6.3.4.2) which catalyses the conversion of uridine 5"-triphosphate to cytidine 5"-triphosphate, the last step of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	186-196	CTP synthase URA7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
1373853-1	1992	The product of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for mitotic cell viability and excision repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	130-140	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-23
1374849-5	1992	The promitochondrial excision repair of pyrimidine dimers appears to be under nuclear control since it is blocked in the rad2 mutant.	pyrimidine	40-50	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-125
1579471-2	1992	A battery of purine-rich oligonucleotides targeted to the two purine.pyrimidine strand biased regions near the DHFR transcription initiation site was developed.	pyrimidine	69-79	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	111-115
1372764-1	1992	Interferon (IFN) is capable of modulating the cytotoxic effects and clinical activity of the fluorinated pyrimidine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	105-115	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
1372764-1	1992	Interferon (IFN) is capable of modulating the cytotoxic effects and clinical activity of the fluorinated pyrimidine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	105-115	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
1313236-1	1992	To verify the assumption of a specific and potent drug action on de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, isolated dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DH) (EC 1.3.3.1) was exposed to Brequinar Sodium (6-fluoro-2-(2"-fluoro-1,1"-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinoline carboxylic acid sodium salt, NSC 368 390) (Brequinar).	pyrimidine	73-83	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
1311056-2	1992	dUTPase from Escherichia coli is strictly specific for its dUTP substrate, the active site discriminating between nucleotides with respect to the sugar moiety as well as the pyrimidine base.	pyrimidine	174-184	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-7
1730053-2	1992	The involvement of DNA polymerases alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon in excision repair of pyrimidine dimers was examined using specific inhibitors.	pyrimidine	89-99	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	19-66
1299379-1	1992	The activity of deoxycytidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.74), an important pyrimidine salvage enzyme, was elevated 5- to 30-fold in human ovarian carcinoma and OVCAR-5 cells, in human colon carcinoma and HT-29 cells, in rat hepatoma 3924A solid tumors and cells, and in rat sarcoma as compared with the respective control normal cells.	pyrimidine	65-75	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	16-36
1528930-5	1992	In most cases, the mutations in ras and p53 genes are localized to pyrimidine-rich sequences, particularly C-C sequences, which indicates that these sites are probably the targets for UV-induced DNA damage and subsequent mutation and transformation.	pyrimidine	67-77	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	40-43
1681508-6	1991	PYBP is highly homologous to a mouse nuclear protein, as well as to PTB, its human version, which interacts specifically with the pyrimidine tracts of introns.	pyrimidine	130-140	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1929398-0	1991	Purification of human cytidine deaminase: molecular and enzymatic characterization and inhibition by synthetic pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	111-121	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	22-40
1681900-1	1991	The ATP analogue 5"-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (FSBA) was used to chemically modify the ATP binding sites of the carbamyl phosphate synthetase domain of CAD, the multifunctional protein that catalyzes the first steps in mammalian pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	240-250	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	163-166
1681508-6	1991	PYBP is highly homologous to a mouse nuclear protein, as well as to PTB, its human version, which interacts specifically with the pyrimidine tracts of introns.	pyrimidine	130-140	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	68-71
1895294-7	1991	Selected analogues were tested as substrates of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) and striking differences in substrate activity were observed among these compounds, indicating that structural modifications at the pyrimidine ring of classical antifolates profoundly influence their polyglutamylation.	pyrimidine	217-227	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	48-77
1895294-7	1991	Selected analogues were tested as substrates of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) and striking differences in substrate activity were observed among these compounds, indicating that structural modifications at the pyrimidine ring of classical antifolates profoundly influence their polyglutamylation.	pyrimidine	217-227	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	79-83
1649389-1	1991	We have measured the removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from DNA fragments of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes in primary normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) cells.	pyrimidine	43-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	87-106
1648430-4	1991	The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the initial enzyme of pyrimidine (and FUra) catabolism, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured in each subject by a specific radiometric assay using FUra as the substrate.	pyrimidine	23-33	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	49-52
1649389-1	1991	We have measured the removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from DNA fragments of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes in primary normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) cells.	pyrimidine	43-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	108-111
1649389-1	1991	We have measured the removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from DNA fragments of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes in primary normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) cells.	pyrimidine	43-53	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	117-140
1649389-1	1991	We have measured the removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from DNA fragments of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes in primary normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) cells.	pyrimidine	43-53	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	142-146
2067547-0	1991	Enhanced pyrimidine dimer removal in repair-proficient murine fibroblasts transformed with the denV gene of bacteriophage T4.	pyrimidine	9-19	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	95-99
2067547-1	1991	The denV gene of bacteriophage T4, which encodes the pyrimidine dimer-specific repair enzyme endonuclease V, was introduced into murine fibroblasts with normal rodent pyrimidine dimer repair capabilities.	pyrimidine	53-63	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	4-8
2067547-1	1991	The denV gene of bacteriophage T4, which encodes the pyrimidine dimer-specific repair enzyme endonuclease V, was introduced into murine fibroblasts with normal rodent pyrimidine dimer repair capabilities.	pyrimidine	167-177	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	4-8
2067547-4	1991	In the present study, murine fibroblasts stably transfected with denV were able to remove 50-80% of UVR-induced pyrimidine dimers, while control cells removed only about 20% of dimers under the same conditions of pyrimidine dimer induction and repair.	pyrimidine	112-122	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	65-69
2067547-4	1991	In the present study, murine fibroblasts stably transfected with denV were able to remove 50-80% of UVR-induced pyrimidine dimers, while control cells removed only about 20% of dimers under the same conditions of pyrimidine dimer induction and repair.	pyrimidine	213-223	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	65-69
2067547-7	1991	The enhanced pyrimidine dimer repair capabilities conferred by denV gene expression did not appear to improve post-UVR survival.	pyrimidine	13-23	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	63-67
2025274-4	1991	TK2 showed a much broader specificity and phosphorylated pyrimidine bases with bulky 5-substitutions, including cytosine analogs, while sugar analogs with substituents other than OH in the 2" and 3" positions were very poor substrates.	pyrimidine	57-67	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
1648203-0	1991	Repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the individual genes Gart, Notch and white from Drosophila melanogaster cell lines.	pyrimidine	21-31	GART trifunctional enzyme	Drosophila melanogaster	63-67
1648203-0	1991	Repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the individual genes Gart, Notch and white from Drosophila melanogaster cell lines.	pyrimidine	21-31	Notch	Drosophila melanogaster	69-74
1913872-0	1991	Regulation of the pyrimidine salvage pathway by the FUR1 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	18-28	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
2010090-1	1991	The human T cell-specific transcription factor TCF-1 alpha plays a key role in the tissue-specific activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) C alpha enhancer and binds to pyrimidine-rich elements (5"-PyCTTTG-3") present in a variety of other T cell-specific control regions.	pyrimidine	169-179	lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	47-58
2014251-6	1991	Moreover, the translational control of rpS16-hGH mRNA was abolished by the substitution of purines into the pyrimidine tract or by shortening it from eight to six residues with a concomitant cytidine----uridine change at the 5" terminus.	pyrimidine	108-118	ribosomal protein S16	Homo sapiens	39-44
1911952-2	1991	Immediately after UV exposure, the replisome aided by single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) can proceed past UV-induced pyrimidine dimers without insertion of nucleotides.	pyrimidine	122-132	single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	89-92
1826003-12	1991	In particular, a pyrimidine tract 5" to both the rat and human PF4 genes is not present in the upstream region of the beta TG gene.	pyrimidine	17-27	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
1650669-7	1991	These studies document that combinations of acyclic nucleoside analogs, ACV and DHPG, with IFN-alpha 2 resulted in synergistic anti-HSV activities in both Vero and human corneal stromal cells, while the pyrimidine analogs, TFT and BVdU, were not synergistic with IFN-alpha 2.	pyrimidine	203-213	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	91-102
2002459-2	1991	Opening the pyrimidine or pyridine ring of EHNA or 3-deaza-EHNA respectively led to compounds which are still ADA inhibitors.	pyrimidine	12-22	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	110-113
2068987-7	1991	In CHO cells, UV induced pyrimidine dimers are efficiently repaired from the active DHFR gene, but not from the inactive region.	pyrimidine	25-35	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	84-88
1671673-2	1991	The multifunctional protein CAD catalyzes the first three steps in pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells, including the synthesis of carbamyl phosphate from bicarbonate, MgATP and glutamine.	pyrimidine	67-77	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase	Homo sapiens	4-31
1671675-1	1991	CAD is a 243-kDa multidomain polypeptide which catalyzes the first three steps in mammalian de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	100-110	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
2064725-8	1991	Since the mutations in the Ha-ras and Ki-ras oncogenes were located opposite potential pyrimidine dimer sites (C-C), it is likely that these mutations were induced by ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight.	pyrimidine	87-97	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	38-44
2233810-4	1990	Pyrimidine dimers are cleared preferentially from the transcribed strand of the DHFR gene and are removed poorly from the non-transcribed complementary strand and unexpressed adjacent regions.	pyrimidine	0-10	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	80-84
1793482-4	1991	Because the mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in both tumors were located opposite potential pyrimidine dimer sites (C-C), it is consistent with these mutations having been induced by the ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight.	pyrimidine	102-112	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	29-32
1842085-0	1991	Characterization of S1 nuclease-sensitive structure of the pyrimidine/purine biased sequence in promoter region of the human EGF receptor gene.	pyrimidine	59-69	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	125-137
2269443-0	1990	Nucleotide sequence of the 5"-flanking region of the mouse k-FGF oncogene exhibits an alternating purine:pyrimidine motif with the potential to form Z-DNA.	pyrimidine	105-115	fibroblast growth factor 4	Mus musculus	59-64
2014207-2	1991	Antiviral activity is best related to the hydrophobicity and steric (L and B3) properties of the substituent at the C5 of pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	122-132	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-1	Homo sapiens	69-77
1977585-1	1990	The first two steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are catalyzed by a multifunctional protein, coded by the URA2 gene and which has the carbamoyl-phosphate (CPSase) synthetase and aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) activities.	pyrimidine	31-41	bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	137-141
2176281-6	1990	Here we demonstrate that the breakpoints at the 5" flanking region of bcl-2 gene are surrounded by multiple alternating purine-pyrimidine elements (potential Z-DNA).	pyrimidine	127-137	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	70-75
2283036-1	1990	The multifunctional protein carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPSase)-aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) encoded by the URA2 gene catalyses the first two steps of the yeast pyrimidine pathway.	pyrimidine	171-181	bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-122
2172924-12	1990	However, replacement of a pyrimidine-rich tract immediately adjacent (3") to the lariat branch site with a 57% A + G pGEM vector RNA sequence also significantly reduced p62 crosslinking, indicating the involvement of both this pyrimidine-rich region and the classical polypyrimidine tract adjacent to the 3" splice site.	pyrimidine	26-36	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	169-172
2283036-3	1990	Results presented in this paper suggest that transcription of URA2 is negatively regulated (repression-derepression) and establish that this regulation is less efficient in the flow of the pyrimidine pathway than feedback inhibition.	pyrimidine	189-199	bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-66
2117700-1	1990	The PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a photolyase which repairs specifically and exclusively pyrimidine dimers, the most frequent lesions induced in DNA by far-UV radiation.	pyrimidine	106-116	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
2204823-1	1990	DNA photolyases catalyze the light-dependent repair of cis,syn-cyclobutane dipyrimidines (pyrimidine dimers).	pyrimidine	77-87	synemin	Homo sapiens	59-62
2204810-1	1990	Expression of the yeast pyrimidine biosynthetic gene, URA3, is induced three- to fivefold in response to uracil starvation, and this regulation is mediated by the transcriptional activator PPR1 (pyrimidine pathway regulator 1).	pyrimidine	24-34	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-58
2204810-1	1990	Expression of the yeast pyrimidine biosynthetic gene, URA3, is induced three- to fivefold in response to uracil starvation, and this regulation is mediated by the transcriptional activator PPR1 (pyrimidine pathway regulator 1).	pyrimidine	195-205	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-58
2126628-0	1990	Comparative studies on the correlation between pyrimidine dimer formation and tyrosinase activity in cloudman S91 melanoma cells after ultraviolet-irradiation.	pyrimidine	47-57	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	78-88
2290424-1	1990	A conformational transition of a single deoxyribose was analyzed in B-form trimers dA3:dT3 and dG3:dC3, both in the purine and pyrimidine chains.	pyrimidine	127-137	A3	Drosophila melanogaster	83-86
2344356-0	1990	The pyrimidine/purine-biased region of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene is sensitive to S1 nuclease and may form an intramolecular triplex.	pyrimidine	4-14	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	43-75
2366820-1	1990	Cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A (XPA), are known to be defective in repair of pyrimidine dimers and other forms of damage produced by 254-nm ultraviolet (UVC) radiation.	pyrimidine	118-128	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
2164443-0	1990	In vivo inhibition of the pyrimidine de novo enzyme dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase by brequinar sodium (DUP-785; NSC 368390) in mice and patients.	pyrimidine	26-36	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	52-84
2118939-3	1990	1) Thymidylate synthetase (TS), DNA-synthesizing enzyme in de novo pathway of pyrimidine metabolism, increased to approximately 7-fold that of normal control colon in DMH-induced colon carcinomas in activity, but was markedly reduced to 48% of that in the carcinomas by administration of UFT.	pyrimidine	78-88	thymidylate synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	3-25
2352945-1	1990	Cells from patients with Cockayne syndrome (CS) are hypersensitive to UV-irradiation but have an apparently normal ability to remove pyrimidine dimers from the genome overall.	pyrimidine	133-143	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	44-46
2344356-1	1990	The pyrimidine/purine-biased region located upstream of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor gene transcription initiation sites was sensitive to S1 nuclease when under superhelical tension.	pyrimidine	4-14	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	60-63
2344356-1	1990	The pyrimidine/purine-biased region located upstream of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor gene transcription initiation sites was sensitive to S1 nuclease when under superhelical tension.	pyrimidine	4-14	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	65-98
2342504-1	1990	The limited DNA-excision repair in UV-irradiated nondividing fibroblasts from xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) occurs in localized chromatin regions generating large DNA segments (at least 30-70 kb) free of pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	227-237	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	78-123
1970993-6	1990	The cis-syn stereoconfiguration of the two photocycloadducts was inferred from coupling constant considerations and on the basis of the complete assignment of the cyclobutyl protons, requiring the synthesis of deuterated nucleosides at pyrimidine carbon C(6).	pyrimidine	236-246	synemin	Homo sapiens	8-11
2342504-1	1990	The limited DNA-excision repair in UV-irradiated nondividing fibroblasts from xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) occurs in localized chromatin regions generating large DNA segments (at least 30-70 kb) free of pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	227-237	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	125-129
2342507-1	1990	Recently, it was shown that the photoactivation of 7-methylpyrido[3,4-c]psoralen (MPP), a highly phototoxic monofunctional compound, as well as leading to the direct cycloaddition of the molecule to pyrimidine bases, also induces the dimerization of adjacent pyrimidines in DNA in vitro (Moysan et al., 1988).	pyrimidine	199-209	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	82-85
2342507-3	1990	The relatively low number of pyrimidine dimers which one can estimate from such in vitro results to be formed in vivo in cell DNA after highly lethal MPP photosensitization does not indicate that these dimers have important direct biological consequences.	pyrimidine	29-39	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	150-153
2342507-8	1990	It was observed that, for the same amount of induced adducts, the lethal effect of photosensitization by MPP remains much higher than that of photosensitization by 8-MOP coupled to a large excess of pyrimidine dimers induced with 254-nm light.	pyrimidine	199-209	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	105-108
1982061-1	1990	The carbamoylphosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamylase-dihydroorotase (CAD) gene encodes a tri-functional protein catalyzing the first three steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	164-174	CAD protein	Mesocricetus auratus	4-75
2189783-1	1990	The FUR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase) which catalyses the conversion of uracil into uridine 5"-monophosphate (UMP) in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	177-187	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
2189783-1	1990	The FUR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase) which catalyses the conversion of uracil into uridine 5"-monophosphate (UMP) in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	177-187	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	50-82
2189783-1	1990	The FUR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase) which catalyses the conversion of uracil into uridine 5"-monophosphate (UMP) in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	177-187	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-91
1982061-1	1990	The carbamoylphosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamylase-dihydroorotase (CAD) gene encodes a tri-functional protein catalyzing the first three steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	164-174	CAD protein	Mesocricetus auratus	77-80
2301378-1	1990	The effect of azidothymidine (Zidovudine, AZT) on pyrimidine (thymidine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine triphosphate) incorporation into DNA in folate- and/or vitamin B12-deficient and normal human bone marrow cells was studied to investigate whether such vitamin deficiency affects susceptibility to AZT-induced hematologic toxicity.	pyrimidine	50-60	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	164-167
2301378-3	1990	At 0.2 microM AZT (3 hr, 37 degrees C), the approximate pharmacologic serum trough level, pyrimidine incorporation into DNA was suppressed by 12 to 19% in folate- and/or vitamin B12-deficient cells and by 16 to 23% in normal cells.	pyrimidine	90-100	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	178-181
2192377-9	1990	In both rad1-1 rad6-1 and rad1-1 rad18-2 rad54-1 hosts, the mean fluence for one lethal event corresponds approximately to one pyrimidine dimer per plasmid molecule, indicating that they are absolute repairless hosts for incoming DNA.	pyrimidine	127-137	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	8-14
2192377-9	1990	In both rad1-1 rad6-1 and rad1-1 rad18-2 rad54-1 hosts, the mean fluence for one lethal event corresponds approximately to one pyrimidine dimer per plasmid molecule, indicating that they are absolute repairless hosts for incoming DNA.	pyrimidine	127-137	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-32
2192377-9	1990	In both rad1-1 rad6-1 and rad1-1 rad18-2 rad54-1 hosts, the mean fluence for one lethal event corresponds approximately to one pyrimidine dimer per plasmid molecule, indicating that they are absolute repairless hosts for incoming DNA.	pyrimidine	127-137	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RAD18	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-38
2192377-9	1990	In both rad1-1 rad6-1 and rad1-1 rad18-2 rad54-1 hosts, the mean fluence for one lethal event corresponds approximately to one pyrimidine dimer per plasmid molecule, indicating that they are absolute repairless hosts for incoming DNA.	pyrimidine	127-137	DNA-dependent ATPase RAD54	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-46
2306706-2	1990	Brequinar sodium is a novel drug, known to inhibit dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase (DHO-DH), resulting in a decrease of the pyrimidine de novo synthesis.	pyrimidine	125-135	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	51-83
2306706-2	1990	Brequinar sodium is a novel drug, known to inhibit dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase (DHO-DH), resulting in a decrease of the pyrimidine de novo synthesis.	pyrimidine	125-135	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	85-91
33823555-7	2021	Motif-based sequence analysis identified that KSHV pre-miRNAs that are well degraded by MCPIP1 have a 5-base motif (M5 base motif) within their terminal loops and this motif region consists of multiple pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine (YRY) motifs.	pyrimidine	202-212	zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A	Homo sapiens	88-94
2094132-4	1990	The efficiency of removal of pyrimidine dimers has been mapped in the active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	pyrimidine	29-39	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	77-100
2094132-4	1990	The efficiency of removal of pyrimidine dimers has been mapped in the active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	pyrimidine	29-39	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	102-106
2094132-8	1990	The efficiency of removal of pyrimidine dimers is much higher in the transcribed than the non-transcribed DNA strands of the DHFR gene in both CHO and human cells.	pyrimidine	29-39	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	125-129
2153375-1	1990	Brequinar sodium (DUP-785) is a potent inhibitor of the pyrimidine de novo enzyme, dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase (DHO-DH).	pyrimidine	56-66	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	83-115
2153375-1	1990	Brequinar sodium (DUP-785) is a potent inhibitor of the pyrimidine de novo enzyme, dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase (DHO-DH).	pyrimidine	56-66	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	117-123
2306795-2	1990	This compound inhibits the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DH), which catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate, leading to a blockage in the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	177-187	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	78-84
2092960-5	1990	Analysis of calculated charge distribution reveals that the negative charges are localized on the ring nitrogen and on the exocyclic oxygen atoms of A10 and are similar to the corresponding charges computed for some pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	216-226	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	149-152
33971967-1	2021	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	128-138	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	6-34
33971967-1	2021	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	128-138	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-41
33971967-3	2021	In this review, we mainly unravel the biological function of DHODH in tumor progression, including its crucial role in de novo pyrimidine synthesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain in cancer cells.	pyrimidine	127-137	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	61-66
33823555-7	2021	Motif-based sequence analysis identified that KSHV pre-miRNAs that are well degraded by MCPIP1 have a 5-base motif (M5 base motif) within their terminal loops and this motif region consists of multiple pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine (YRY) motifs.	pyrimidine	220-230	zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A	Homo sapiens	88-94
33771897-3	2021	Here we show that the EGFR-TKI afatinib suppresses CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation, and we identify CAD, a key enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, to be a novel afatinib target.	pyrimidine	129-139	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	22-26
33771897-3	2021	Here we show that the EGFR-TKI afatinib suppresses CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation, and we identify CAD, a key enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, to be a novel afatinib target.	pyrimidine	129-139	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
34914188-8	2021	This review aims to provide an elaborate recapitulation of the recent trends adopted to synthesize propitious pyrimidine incorporated hits and also focuses on the clinical significance reported for functionalized pyrimidine analogues that would quintessentially aid medicinal chemists for new research explorations in this arena.	pyrimidine	110-120	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	262-265
27456853-7	2016	The compounds C1 and C3, which possess a pyrimidine at the center of the core, induced G2/M arrest, while the compounds without a pyrimidine (C2, C4, and C5) caused G1 arrest; all compounds produced caspase-mediated cell death.	pyrimidine	41-51	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	14-23
19824457-0	2009	[Influence of the selected pyrimidine compounds on the activity of thymidine phosphorylase from normal and tumor endometrial cells].	pyrimidine	27-37	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	67-90
19824457-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the selected pyrimidine compounds on the activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) of normal and tumor endometrial cells.	pyrimidine	80-90	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	120-143
19824457-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the selected pyrimidine compounds on the activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) of normal and tumor endometrial cells.	pyrimidine	80-90	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	145-147
9721209-1	1998	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolizes endogenous pyrimidines and pyrimidine-based antimetabolite drugs.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
34826736-2	2022	Nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 (NTHL1) is an evolutionarily conserved bifunctional DNA glycosylase that primarily removes oxidized pyrimidine lesions.	pyrimidine	127-137	nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli)	Mus musculus	0-26
34826736-2	2022	Nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 (NTHL1) is an evolutionarily conserved bifunctional DNA glycosylase that primarily removes oxidized pyrimidine lesions.	pyrimidine	127-137	nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli)	Mus musculus	28-33
34971397-6	2022	RESULTS: A homozygous splice site variant was identified in solute carrier family 25, member 36 (SLC25A36), encoding the pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 2 (PNC2), a mitochondrial nucleotide carrier that transports pyrimidine as well as guanine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane.	pyrimidine	212-222	solute carrier family 25 member 36	Homo sapiens	60-95
34971397-6	2022	RESULTS: A homozygous splice site variant was identified in solute carrier family 25, member 36 (SLC25A36), encoding the pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 2 (PNC2), a mitochondrial nucleotide carrier that transports pyrimidine as well as guanine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane.	pyrimidine	212-222	solute carrier family 25 member 36	Homo sapiens	97-105
34971397-6	2022	RESULTS: A homozygous splice site variant was identified in solute carrier family 25, member 36 (SLC25A36), encoding the pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 2 (PNC2), a mitochondrial nucleotide carrier that transports pyrimidine as well as guanine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane.	pyrimidine	212-222	solute carrier family 25 member 36	Homo sapiens	121-152
34971397-6	2022	RESULTS: A homozygous splice site variant was identified in solute carrier family 25, member 36 (SLC25A36), encoding the pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 2 (PNC2), a mitochondrial nucleotide carrier that transports pyrimidine as well as guanine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane.	pyrimidine	212-222	solute carrier family 25 member 36	Homo sapiens	154-158
25746328-4	2015	The resulting amphiphilic compound could protect the N4-amino group of the pyrimidine ring of dFdC from being degraded by cytidine deaminase.	pyrimidine	75-85	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	122-140
7935445-2	1994	The sequence TTCC is located in the pyrimidine tract which extends 5" to and partially overlaps the X box of the DRA promoter.	pyrimidine	36-46	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	113-116
7935445-4	1994	In this study, we demonstrate that mutations within the pyrimidine tract which change the TTCC motif, but do not affect the binding of regulatory factor X to the X box, decrease the activity of the DRA promoter in B cells.	pyrimidine	56-66	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	198-201
7935445-5	1994	Furthermore, using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and cotransfection experiments, we demonstrate that Ets-1, but not Ets-2 or PU.1, functionally interacts with the pyrimidine tract and activates the DRA promoter.	pyrimidine	171-181	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-114
34839997-6	2022	This work demonstrates that incorporation of pyrimidine group between the 2 and 3-positions of the biphenyl structure is an effective strategy for designing novel and more potent small molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and 39 can be regarded as a promising lead compound for further investigation.	pyrimidine	45-55	CD274 molecule	Sus scrofa	199-204
34323489-1	2022	The pyrimidine core-containing compound Osimertinib is the only epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) from the third generation that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to target threonine 790 methionine (T790M) resistance while sparing the wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (WT EGFR).	pyrimidine	4-14	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	124-128
34323489-1	2022	The pyrimidine core-containing compound Osimertinib is the only epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) from the third generation that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to target threonine 790 methionine (T790M) resistance while sparing the wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (WT EGFR).	pyrimidine	4-14	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	306-338
34323489-1	2022	The pyrimidine core-containing compound Osimertinib is the only epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) from the third generation that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to target threonine 790 methionine (T790M) resistance while sparing the wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (WT EGFR).	pyrimidine	4-14	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	343-347
34662241-2	2022	The Thi5-dependent pathway(s) for synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Legionella pneumophila functioned differently when incorporated into the metabolic network of Salmonella enterica.	pyrimidine	51-61	4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
34793935-5	2022	In mice exposed to a single dose UV, topical T-CAR gel (10 microM) significantly reduced UV-induced skin edema and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation.	pyrimidine	127-137	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	47-50
34481846-8	2022	Integrating bulk RNA-seq of 17 HCC patients, published datasets of 1196 liver tumors, and immunohistochemical staining of 202 HCC tumors, we showed that high expression of CAD, a gene involved in pyrimidine synthesis, was correlated with rapid tumorigenesis and reduced survival.	pyrimidine	196-206	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
34915777-0	2022	Ranked binding energies of residues and data fusion to identify the active and selective pyrimidine-based Janus kinases 3 (JAK3) inhibitors.	pyrimidine	89-99	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	106-121
34915777-0	2022	Ranked binding energies of residues and data fusion to identify the active and selective pyrimidine-based Janus kinases 3 (JAK3) inhibitors.	pyrimidine	89-99	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	123-127
34871500-0	2021	Discovery of Novel, Orally Bioavailable Pyrimidine Ether-Based Inhibitors of ELOVL1.	pyrimidine	40-50	elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN1/Elo2, SUR4/Elo3, yeast)-like 1	Mus musculus	77-83
34930785-7	2022	Docking simulation indicated that, in the formation of M1 and M2, there would be hydrogen bonding and/or electrostatic interactions between the pyrimidine and sulfonamide moieties of DS-1971a and amino acid residues Ser100, Ile102, Ile106, Thr107, and Asn217 in CYP2C8, and that the cyclohexane ring of DS-1971a would be located near the heme iron of CYP2C8.	pyrimidine	144-154	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	262-268
34930785-7	2022	Docking simulation indicated that, in the formation of M1 and M2, there would be hydrogen bonding and/or electrostatic interactions between the pyrimidine and sulfonamide moieties of DS-1971a and amino acid residues Ser100, Ile102, Ile106, Thr107, and Asn217 in CYP2C8, and that the cyclohexane ring of DS-1971a would be located near the heme iron of CYP2C8.	pyrimidine	144-154	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	351-357
34914188-8	2021	This review aims to provide an elaborate recapitulation of the recent trends adopted to synthesize propitious pyrimidine incorporated hits and also focuses on the clinical significance reported for functionalized pyrimidine analogues that would quintessentially aid medicinal chemists for new research explorations in this arena.	pyrimidine	213-223	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	262-265
34717904-1	2021	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine as the first step in pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	78-88	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-31
34871433-3	2021	NTHL1, a bifunctional DNA glycosylase, possesses both glycolytic and beta-lytic activities with a preference for oxidized pyrimidine substrates.	pyrimidine	122-132	nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
34717904-1	2021	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine as the first step in pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	78-88	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
34717904-1	2021	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine as the first step in pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	135-145	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-31
34839157-5	2021	In the process, pyrimidine derivatives were identified as potent molecules to intercept gp120-CD4 binding by targeting both the hotspots.	pyrimidine	16-26	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
34717904-1	2021	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine as the first step in pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	135-145	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
34839157-5	2021	In the process, pyrimidine derivatives were identified as potent molecules to intercept gp120-CD4 binding by targeting both the hotspots.	pyrimidine	16-26	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	94-97
34906077-7	2021	The purified recombinant horse TK1 showed broad substrate specificity, phosphorylating pyrimidine deoxyribo- and ribonucleosides and, to some extent, purine deoxynucleosides, including anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogues.	pyrimidine	87-97	thymidine kinase 1	Equus caballus	31-34
34863048-10	2022	Uridine was significantly higher in the low DPD activity group and is a precursor of U involved in pyrimidine metabolism; therefore, we speculated that DPD deficiency can influence uridine levels in plasma.	pyrimidine	99-109	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	44-47
34877904-6	2022	Moreover, strobilurin derivative-mediated pyrimidine depletion led to the activation of the Akt/mTOR cascade, which was required for the differentiation.	pyrimidine	42-52	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
34877904-6	2022	Moreover, strobilurin derivative-mediated pyrimidine depletion led to the activation of the Akt/mTOR cascade, which was required for the differentiation.	pyrimidine	42-52	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	96-100
34861885-9	2021	Finally, we demonstrate that conservation of cellular aspartate, regulation of nitric oxide synthesis, and pyrimidine production play pivotal roles in ASS1+ASL-mediated growth suppression in ccRCC.	pyrimidine	107-117	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
34861885-9	2021	Finally, we demonstrate that conservation of cellular aspartate, regulation of nitric oxide synthesis, and pyrimidine production play pivotal roles in ASS1+ASL-mediated growth suppression in ccRCC.	pyrimidine	107-117	argininosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	156-159
34861885-12	2021	Loss of ASS1 and ASL helps cells redirect aspartate towards pyrimidine synthesis and support enhanced proliferation.	pyrimidine	60-70	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
34861885-12	2021	Loss of ASS1 and ASL helps cells redirect aspartate towards pyrimidine synthesis and support enhanced proliferation.	pyrimidine	60-70	argininosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	17-20
34696677-10	2021	Gene set enrichment analysis results showed that samples with high LYAR expression levels were rich in spliceosomes, RNA degradation, pyrimidine metabolism, cell cycle, nucleotide excision repair, and base excision repair.	pyrimidine	134-144	Ly1 antibody reactive	Homo sapiens	67-71
34488023-6	2021	These data confirm that the 6-trifluoromethyl group and two other substituents on positions 2 and 4 are important structural elements of pyrimidine-based TLR8 modulators.	pyrimidine	137-147	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	154-158
34844526-4	2021	In the current research work using molecular docking approach of Schrodinger Glide 5.6 version, ligand docking, pharmacophore-based virtual screening, binding free energy calculations of a series of 2-amino purinyl pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives were modeled, their docking values were predicted, that were considered to be potent against B-Raf V600E.	pyrimidine	228-238	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	344-349
33530764-0	2021	Discovery of new non-pyrimidine scaffolds as Plasmodium falciparum DHFR inhibitors by fragment-based screening.	pyrimidine	21-31	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	67-71
34901834-4	2021	While serious systemic toxicities may occur in any patient, patients with polymorphisms in DPYD, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme for pyrimidine degradation are at very high risk.	pyrimidine	140-150	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	91-95
34832958-0	2021	Inhibitory Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Analogues Comprising Pyridine and Pyrimidine on alpha-MSH-Stimulated Melanogenesis and Stability of Acyl Analogues in Methanol.	pyrimidine	72-82	STAM binding protein	Mus musculus	86-95
34905371-1	2021	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), as the fourth and rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, is regarded as an attractive target for malignancy therapy.	pyrimidine	99-109	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-42
34730931-1	2021	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a promising cancer treatment target.	pyrimidine	81-91	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
34730931-1	2021	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a promising cancer treatment target.	pyrimidine	81-91	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
34516133-1	2021	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is an attractive tumor target essential to de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	95-105	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-42
34643082-1	2021	To obtain a multipotent framework that can target simultaneously COX-2, 5-LOX, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to treat neuroinflammation, a series of derivatives containing pyrimidine and pyrrolidine cores were rationally synthesized and evaluated.	pyrimidine	204-214	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-99
34643082-1	2021	To obtain a multipotent framework that can target simultaneously COX-2, 5-LOX, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to treat neuroinflammation, a series of derivatives containing pyrimidine and pyrrolidine cores were rationally synthesized and evaluated.	pyrimidine	204-214	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	101-105
34643082-1	2021	To obtain a multipotent framework that can target simultaneously COX-2, 5-LOX, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to treat neuroinflammation, a series of derivatives containing pyrimidine and pyrrolidine cores were rationally synthesized and evaluated.	pyrimidine	204-214	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	135-139
34658241-2	2021	In this study, we measured the conformational changes upon photoactivation and photorepair processes of a PHR and its specific substrates, (6-4)PHR and a pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproduct ((6-4)PP), by light-induced difference Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.	pyrimidine	154-164	CPD photolyase-like L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	106-109
34752747-4	2021	Genome-wide in vivo enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequence (eCLIP-seq) shows unexpected specificity for eIF3 binding to a pyrimidine-rich motif present in subsets of 5"-UTRs and a corresponding change in the translation of these transcripts by ribosome profiling in Eif3c loss-of-function embryos.	pyrimidine	135-145	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E member 3	Mus musculus	117-121
34752747-5	2021	We further find a transcript specific effect in Eif3c loss-of-function embryos whereby translation of Ptch1 through this pyrimidine-rich motif is specifically sensitive to eIF3 amount.	pyrimidine	121-131	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit C	Mus musculus	48-53
34752747-5	2021	We further find a transcript specific effect in Eif3c loss-of-function embryos whereby translation of Ptch1 through this pyrimidine-rich motif is specifically sensitive to eIF3 amount.	pyrimidine	121-131	patched 1	Mus musculus	102-107
34752747-5	2021	We further find a transcript specific effect in Eif3c loss-of-function embryos whereby translation of Ptch1 through this pyrimidine-rich motif is specifically sensitive to eIF3 amount.	pyrimidine	121-131	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E member 3	Mus musculus	172-176
34153577-1	2021	Using cheminformatics tools RDKit and literature investigation, four series of 24 thienopyrimidine/N-methylpicolinamide derivatives substituted with pyrimidine were designed, synthesized and evaluated for activities against three cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and A549), TAK1 kinase and NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	149-159	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	279-283
34153577-1	2021	Using cheminformatics tools RDKit and literature investigation, four series of 24 thienopyrimidine/N-methylpicolinamide derivatives substituted with pyrimidine were designed, synthesized and evaluated for activities against three cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and A549), TAK1 kinase and NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	149-159	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	295-304
34420225-2	2021	These sigma-complexes originate from the unique combination of 12 stannylenes (SnX2 ) with five azabenzene ligands (pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and s-triazine), where the nitrogen center of the ligand acts as sigma-donor and the tin(II) center as sigma-acceptor in a 1:1 fashion.	pyrimidine	136-146	sorting nexin 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
34303878-9	2021	While we demonstrate that de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis is stimulated by insulin through mTORC1 signaling in primary hepatocytes, this regulation was independent of ATF4.	pyrimidine	45-55	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	99-105
34745385-17	2021	The pyrimidine metabolism (P < 0.001, R = -0.470) was the key pathway coexpressed with RALGPS1.	pyrimidine	4-14	Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 1	Homo sapiens	87-94
34745385-18	2021	We considered that aberrant JUP significantly regulated RALGPS1-87608-AT and the pyrimidine metabolism pathway might play a significant part in the metastasis and prognosis of UCS.	pyrimidine	81-91	junction plakoglobin	Homo sapiens	28-31
34656184-3	2021	Saccharomyces cerevisiae and closely related yeast species harbor a cytosolic Class-I DHOD (Ura1) that uses fumarate as electron acceptor and thereby enables anaerobic pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	168-178	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	92-96
34685959-8	2021	Our recent study revealed that AtbZIP62 TF positively regulates the expression of AtPYD1 (Pyrimidine 1, a key gene of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway know to share a common substrate with the N metabolic pathway).	pyrimidine	90-100	pyrimidine 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	82-88
34685959-8	2021	Our recent study revealed that AtbZIP62 TF positively regulates the expression of AtPYD1 (Pyrimidine 1, a key gene of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway know to share a common substrate with the N metabolic pathway).	pyrimidine	130-140	pyrimidine 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	82-88
34620864-2	2021	Previously, we showed that ageing colonies of an E. coli mutant unable to produce cAMP when grown on maltose, accumulated mutations in the crp gene (encoding a global transcription factor) and in genes involved in pyrimidine metabolism such as cmk; combined mutations in both crp and cmk enabled fermentation of maltose (which usually requires cAMP-mediated Crp activation for catabolic pathway expression).	pyrimidine	214-224	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	358-361
34721394-1	2021	Background and Objectives: Inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in proliferating T and B lymphocytes by teriflunomide, a pharmacological inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), has been shown to be an effective therapy to treat patients with MS in placebo-controlled phase 3 trials.	pyrimidine	49-59	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	156-184
34721394-1	2021	Background and Objectives: Inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in proliferating T and B lymphocytes by teriflunomide, a pharmacological inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), has been shown to be an effective therapy to treat patients with MS in placebo-controlled phase 3 trials.	pyrimidine	49-59	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	186-191
34338329-2	2021	Treatment with pyrimidine deoxynucleosides deoxycytidine and thymidine ameliorates mitochondrial defects and extends the lifespan of Tk2 knock-in mouse (Tk2KI ) and compassionate use deoxynucleoside therapy in TK2 deficient patients have shown promising indications of efficacy.	pyrimidine	15-25	thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	133-136
34391783-7	2021	Exogenous addition of different metabolites in the pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathway confirmed DHODH as the target of RYL-687.	pyrimidine	51-61	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	98-103
34579716-8	2021	The purified feline TK1 phosphorylated not only pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides but also pyrimidine ribonucleosides and to some extent purine deoxynucleosides.	pyrimidine	48-58	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
34632023-7	2021	The synthesis and evaluation of the pteridinone- and pyrimidine-based compounds was reported in the related articles: Substituted pteridinones as p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (RSK) inhibitors: A structure-activity study (Casalvieri et al., 2020) and Molecular docking of substituted pteridinones and pyrimidines to the ATP-binding site of the N-terminal domain of RSK2 and associated MM/GBSA and molecular field datasets (Casalvieri et al., 2020).	pyrimidine	53-63	cellular inhibitor of PP2A	Homo sapiens	146-149
34632023-7	2021	The synthesis and evaluation of the pteridinone- and pyrimidine-based compounds was reported in the related articles: Substituted pteridinones as p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (RSK) inhibitors: A structure-activity study (Casalvieri et al., 2020) and Molecular docking of substituted pteridinones and pyrimidines to the ATP-binding site of the N-terminal domain of RSK2 and associated MM/GBSA and molecular field datasets (Casalvieri et al., 2020).	pyrimidine	53-63	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3	Homo sapiens	150-177
34632023-7	2021	The synthesis and evaluation of the pteridinone- and pyrimidine-based compounds was reported in the related articles: Substituted pteridinones as p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (RSK) inhibitors: A structure-activity study (Casalvieri et al., 2020) and Molecular docking of substituted pteridinones and pyrimidines to the ATP-binding site of the N-terminal domain of RSK2 and associated MM/GBSA and molecular field datasets (Casalvieri et al., 2020).	pyrimidine	53-63	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3	Homo sapiens	179-182
34632023-7	2021	The synthesis and evaluation of the pteridinone- and pyrimidine-based compounds was reported in the related articles: Substituted pteridinones as p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (RSK) inhibitors: A structure-activity study (Casalvieri et al., 2020) and Molecular docking of substituted pteridinones and pyrimidines to the ATP-binding site of the N-terminal domain of RSK2 and associated MM/GBSA and molecular field datasets (Casalvieri et al., 2020).	pyrimidine	53-63	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3	Homo sapiens	367-371
34611552-3	2021	Because, there is the strict coupling between the pyrimidine synthesis and the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the oxygen level could modify the cytostatic TNF effect.	pyrimidine	50-60	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	157-160
34611552-11	2021	Thus, it gives assumption for future comprehensive studies at real oxygen environment involving TNF use in combination with other antitumor agents affecting oxygen-dependent pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	174-184	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	96-99
34161878-0	2021	New pyrimidine and pyrazole-based compounds as potential EGFR inhibitors: Synthesis, anticancer, antimicrobial evaluation and computational studies.	pyrimidine	4-14	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	57-61
34161878-5	2021	Both pyrimidine analogues 4a and 4b displayed outstanding inhibitory activity against EGFRWT and its two mutated isoforms EGFRL858R and EGFRT790M in comparing to erlotinib and osimertinib as reference drugs.	pyrimidine	5-15	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	86-92
34462431-3	2021	Here we report that the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an attractive therapeutic target for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer with poor prognosis.	pyrimidine	24-34	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	55-83
34462431-3	2021	Here we report that the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an attractive therapeutic target for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer with poor prognosis.	pyrimidine	24-34	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	85-90
34462431-3	2021	Here we report that the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an attractive therapeutic target for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer with poor prognosis.	pyrimidine	24-34	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	132-136
34462431-4	2021	Gene expression profiling and metabolomic analysis reveal that MYCN promotes pyrimidine nucleotide production by transcriptional upregulation of DHODH and other enzymes of the pyrimidine-synthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	176-186	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	63-67
34462431-4	2021	Gene expression profiling and metabolomic analysis reveal that MYCN promotes pyrimidine nucleotide production by transcriptional upregulation of DHODH and other enzymes of the pyrimidine-synthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	176-186	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	145-150
34500603-0	2021	Synthetic Strategies of Pyrimidine-Based Scaffolds as Aurora Kinase and Polo-like Kinase Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	24-34	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	72-88
34500603-8	2021	Within the numerous pyrimidine-based small molecules developed as anticancer agents, this review focuses on the pyrimidine fused heterocyclic compounds modulating the AURK and PLK proteins in different phases of clinical trials as anticancer agents.	pyrimidine	112-122	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	176-179
34500603-9	2021	This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic strategies for the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives and their associated biological activity on AURK/PLK.	pyrimidine	101-111	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	168-176
34281491-6	2021	Mutations in the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) particularly affect neural crest-derived tissues and cause Miller syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations in patients.	pyrimidine	17-27	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	48-76
34413359-0	2021	Structure activity relationships and the binding mode of quinolinone-pyrimidine hybrids as reversal agents of multidrug resistance mediated by P-gp.	pyrimidine	69-79	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	143-147
34413359-4	2021	Structure-activity relationships showed that the number of methoxy groups, an optimal length of the molecule in its extended conformation, and at least one flexible methylene group bridging the quinolinone to the moiety bearing the pyrimidine favored the inhibitory potency of P-gp.	pyrimidine	232-242	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	277-281
34442810-3	2021	To contribute to these pandemic preparedness efforts, here we report on the broad-spectrum CoVs antiviral activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	232-242	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	186-192
34281491-6	2021	Mutations in the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) particularly affect neural crest-derived tissues and cause Miller syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations in patients.	pyrimidine	17-27	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	78-83
34325757-6	2021	In addition, nucleotide synthesis-related genes such as POLD1, POLD2, MCM4 and MCM5 were enriched markedly in DNA replication and pyrimidine metabolism pathways in triplets when a higher FA ingestion (32 mg/(kg DM)) was implemented in ewes.	pyrimidine	130-140	DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit	Ovis aries	56-61
34325757-6	2021	In addition, nucleotide synthesis-related genes such as POLD1, POLD2, MCM4 and MCM5 were enriched markedly in DNA replication and pyrimidine metabolism pathways in triplets when a higher FA ingestion (32 mg/(kg DM)) was implemented in ewes.	pyrimidine	130-140	DNA replication licensing factor MCM5	Ovis aries	79-83
34360928-2	2021	XPC-mutated cells are, therefore, photosensitive and accumulate UVB-induced pyrimidine dimers leading to increased cancer incidence.	pyrimidine	76-86	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
34190540-0	2021	Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Cocrystallized Gliptin-like Pyrrolidine, Trifluorophenyl, and Pyrimidine-2,4-Dione Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	106-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-149
34315368-12	2021	Docking molecular studies were performed to better understand the binding mode of pyrimidine derivatives inside the TGF-beta active site.	pyrimidine	82-92	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	116-124
34137442-4	2021	IGF-I treatment, in the presence of signalling inhibitors, particularly TDRL-505, which targets replication protein A (RPA), impaired activation of IGF-1R downstream signalling, diminished cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer removal, arrested growth, reduced cell survival and increased apoptosis.	pyrimidine	201-211	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
34137442-4	2021	IGF-I treatment, in the presence of signalling inhibitors, particularly TDRL-505, which targets replication protein A (RPA), impaired activation of IGF-1R downstream signalling, diminished cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer removal, arrested growth, reduced cell survival and increased apoptosis.	pyrimidine	201-211	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	96-117
34137442-4	2021	IGF-I treatment, in the presence of signalling inhibitors, particularly TDRL-505, which targets replication protein A (RPA), impaired activation of IGF-1R downstream signalling, diminished cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer removal, arrested growth, reduced cell survival and increased apoptosis.	pyrimidine	201-211	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	119-122
34075175-4	2021	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	60-70	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
34075175-4	2021	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	60-70	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
34123854-7	2021	Here, we review the recent conceptual advances on pyrimidine metabolism, especially dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), in the framework of precision oncology medicine and prospect how this would guide the development of new drug precisely targeting the pyrimidine metabolism in cancer.	pyrimidine	256-266	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	84-112
34299050-6	2021	Principal component analysis of the cancer cells revealed that all these changes were in the first principal component (PC1) axis, where the responsible metabolites were involved in the metabolism of the arginine-proline, pyrimidine, and pentose phosphate pathways.	pyrimidine	222-232	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	120-123
34142816-1	2021	Two novel fluorophore (BODIPY)-bearing complexes, pyriplatin (mCBP) and pyrimidine-chelated cisplatin (dCBP), were synthesized and characterized.	pyrimidine	72-82	sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein	Drosophila melanogaster	103-107
34081901-4	2021	Analysis of mouse and human AML models demonstrate that ATF3 directly activates the transcription of genes encoding key enzymatic regulators of serine synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, and de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	208-218	activating transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	56-60
34081901-5	2021	Total steady-state polar metabolite and heavy isotope tracing analyses show that ATF3 inhibition reduces de novo serine synthesis, impedes the incorporation of serine-derived carbons into newly synthesized purines, and disrupts pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	228-238	activating transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	81-85
34072728-9	2021	In addition to the PPI network, ingenuity pathway analysis also implicate TTK, NEK2, and CDK1 in the elevated salvage pyrimidine and pyridoxal pathways in ovarian cancer.	pyrimidine	118-128	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	74-77
34072728-9	2021	In addition to the PPI network, ingenuity pathway analysis also implicate TTK, NEK2, and CDK1 in the elevated salvage pyrimidine and pyridoxal pathways in ovarian cancer.	pyrimidine	118-128	NIMA related kinase 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
34072728-9	2021	In addition to the PPI network, ingenuity pathway analysis also implicate TTK, NEK2, and CDK1 in the elevated salvage pyrimidine and pyridoxal pathways in ovarian cancer.	pyrimidine	118-128	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
34123854-7	2021	Here, we review the recent conceptual advances on pyrimidine metabolism, especially dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), in the framework of precision oncology medicine and prospect how this would guide the development of new drug precisely targeting the pyrimidine metabolism in cancer.	pyrimidine	50-60	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	84-112
34123854-7	2021	Here, we review the recent conceptual advances on pyrimidine metabolism, especially dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), in the framework of precision oncology medicine and prospect how this would guide the development of new drug precisely targeting the pyrimidine metabolism in cancer.	pyrimidine	50-60	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	114-119
35636124-2	2022	Herein, to develop specific pharmacologic inhibitors of HIPK2, we designed and synthesized a series of compounds containing benzimidazole and pyrimidine scaffolds via fragment-based drug design strategy.	pyrimidine	142-152	homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
35622902-4	2022	Here, we identify a role for the initial and continued activation of the trifunctional rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) as critical in promoting the rapid recall response of previously activated CD8+ T cells.	pyrimidine	123-133	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	314-317
35622902-6	2022	Previously activated CD8+ T cells displayed continued de novo pyrimidine synthesis in the absence of mitogenic signals, and interfering with this pathway diminished the speed and magnitude of cytokine production upon rechallenge.	pyrimidine	62-72	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	21-24
35580611-6	2022	Asp-dependent mTORC1 pathway activation also regulates de novo pyrimidine synthesis in angiogenic ECs.	pyrimidine	63-73	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	14-20
35436101-1	2022	Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is tasked with initiating DNA base excision repair by recognizing and removing T, U, the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and many other oxidized and halogenated pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	199-209	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-23
35436101-1	2022	Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is tasked with initiating DNA base excision repair by recognizing and removing T, U, the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and many other oxidized and halogenated pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	199-209	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	25-28
35580647-10	2022	It was shown by molecular docking that the new derivatives are incorporated into the binding site of the protein Keap1 Kelch-domain by their pyrimidine substituent with the formation of more non-covalent bonds.	pyrimidine	141-151	kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	113-118
35429006-0	2022	New pyrimidine/thiazole hybrids endowed with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and lower cardiotoxic activities: Design, synthesis, and COX-2/sEH dual inhibition.	pyrimidine	4-14	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	132-137
35514210-1	2022	The mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes one of the rate-limiting steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, a pathway that provides essential metabolic precursors for nucleic acids, glycoproteins, and phospholipids.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	55-60
35514210-2	2022	DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) are clinically used for autoimmune diseases and are emerging as a novel class of anticancer agents, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) where pyrimidine starvation was recently shown to reverse the characteristic differentiation block in AML cells.	pyrimidine	175-185	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-5
35512398-9	2022	The metabolomics data revealed that RSVinf+Cd caused metabolic disruption in histamine and histidine, vitamin D and urea cycle, and pyrimidine pathway accompanying with mTORC1 activation.	pyrimidine	132-142	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	169-175
35632670-4	2022	DHODH is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	70-80	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-5
35557695-3	2022	Here, different heterocyclic compounds with indole and pyrimidine moieties have been synthesized effectively, and their structures have been validated using NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopy.	pyrimidine	55-65	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	162-164
35429006-2	2022	In this study, a new series of pyrimidine/thiazole hybrids 7a-p was synthesized as selective COX-2/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and lower cardiotoxicity effects.	pyrimidine	31-41	epoxide hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	93-124
35429006-2	2022	In this study, a new series of pyrimidine/thiazole hybrids 7a-p was synthesized as selective COX-2/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and lower cardiotoxicity effects.	pyrimidine	31-41	epoxide hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	126-129
35404520-5	2022	Utilizing pyrimidine as a linker in thiol-based HDAC6 inhibitors produces an utterly novel structure, which might display different pharmacokinetic properties and genotoxicity.	pyrimidine	10-20	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	48-53
35398885-5	2022	We used the modified comet assay with the repair enzymes hOGG1 and T4endonucleaseV to detect the DNA damage associated with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers lesions, respectively.	pyrimidine	176-186	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	57-62
35411000-8	2022	Knockdown of CPT1A markedly lowers the fraction of 13C-palmitate-derived carbons into pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	86-96	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver	Mus musculus	13-18
35151222-1	2022	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is a flavin-dependent enzyme catalyzing the fourth step of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	103-113	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-42
35450353-6	2022	The TAK1 selectivity was found to be closely associated with different sizes and types of substituents at the 5-position of the pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	128-138	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	4-8
35219181-0	2022	Discovery of ASP5878: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of pyrimidine derivatives as pan-FGFRs inhibitors with improved metabolic stability and suppressed hERG channel inhibitory activity.	pyrimidine	72-82	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	168-172
35219181-2	2022	We identified pyrimidine derivative ASP5878 (27) with improved metabolic stability and suppressed human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) channel inhibitory activity by the optimization of lead compound 1.	pyrimidine	14-24	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	132-136
35341793-6	2022	QPC inactivation in cap mesenchyme progenitors induced activating transcription factor 4-mediated nutritional stress responses and was associated with a reduction in kidney tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and amino acid levels, which negatively impacted purine and pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	270-280	ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex III subunit VII	Homo sapiens	0-3
35151222-2	2022	Since aberrant pyrimidine metabolism is closely related abnormal cell proliferation, hDHODH is believed to have an intimate linkage with cancers.	pyrimidine	15-25	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	85-91
35350779-6	2022	Two metabolic analysis methods, including Compass, showed that glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid synthesis and purine and pyrimidine metabolism levels of CCL2+ T cells, Group 2 macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells were upregulated and correlated with cytokine storms of COVID-19 patients.	pyrimidine	133-143	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	165-169
35184687-1	2022	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and uses ubiquinone Q10, a lipophilic molecule located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), as its co-substrate.	pyrimidine	84-94	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	6-34
35184687-1	2022	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and uses ubiquinone Q10, a lipophilic molecule located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), as its co-substrate.	pyrimidine	84-94	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-41
35094635-2	2022	Human DHODH, a Class II DHODH, is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) catalyzing the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	138-148	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	6-11
35224098-0	2022	A Three-mRNA Signature Associated with Pyrimidine Metabolism for Prognosis of BRCA.	pyrimidine	39-49	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	78-82
35169125-0	2022	UBE2T-mediated Akt ubiquitination and Akt/beta-catenin activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by increasing pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	126-136	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T	Homo sapiens	0-5
35169125-0	2022	UBE2T-mediated Akt ubiquitination and Akt/beta-catenin activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by increasing pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	126-136	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
35169125-0	2022	UBE2T-mediated Akt ubiquitination and Akt/beta-catenin activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by increasing pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	126-136	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
35169125-0	2022	UBE2T-mediated Akt ubiquitination and Akt/beta-catenin activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by increasing pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	126-136	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-54
35169125-4	2022	GSEA analysis indicated that UBE2T was positively correlated with pyrimidine metabolism, and LC/MS-MS metabolomics profiling revealed that the key products of pyrimidine metabolism were significantly increased in UBE2T-overexpressing cells.	pyrimidine	66-76	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T	Homo sapiens	29-34
35169125-4	2022	GSEA analysis indicated that UBE2T was positively correlated with pyrimidine metabolism, and LC/MS-MS metabolomics profiling revealed that the key products of pyrimidine metabolism were significantly increased in UBE2T-overexpressing cells.	pyrimidine	159-169	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T	Homo sapiens	29-34
35169125-4	2022	GSEA analysis indicated that UBE2T was positively correlated with pyrimidine metabolism, and LC/MS-MS metabolomics profiling revealed that the key products of pyrimidine metabolism were significantly increased in UBE2T-overexpressing cells.	pyrimidine	159-169	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T	Homo sapiens	213-218
35169125-5	2022	UBE2T overexpression led to the upregulation of several key enzymes catalyzing de novo pyrimidine synthesis, including CAD, DHODH, and UMPS.	pyrimidine	87-97	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T	Homo sapiens	0-5
35169125-5	2022	UBE2T overexpression led to the upregulation of several key enzymes catalyzing de novo pyrimidine synthesis, including CAD, DHODH, and UMPS.	pyrimidine	87-97	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	124-129
35169125-5	2022	UBE2T overexpression led to the upregulation of several key enzymes catalyzing de novo pyrimidine synthesis, including CAD, DHODH, and UMPS.	pyrimidine	87-97	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	135-139
35169125-10	2022	In summary, our study indicates that UBE2T increases pyrimidine metabolism by promoting Akt K63-linked ubiquitination, thus contributing to HCC development.	pyrimidine	53-63	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T	Homo sapiens	37-42
35186896-0	2021	Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Menthone-Derived Pyrimidine-Urea Compounds as Potential PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Inhibitor.	pyrimidine	55-65	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
35186896-0	2021	Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Menthone-Derived Pyrimidine-Urea Compounds as Potential PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Inhibitor.	pyrimidine	55-65	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	103-107
35151535-1	2022	beta-Ureidopropionase is the third enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and catalyses the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine and N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, ammonia and CO2.	pyrimidine	49-59	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
35103277-3	2022	Extended pi-systems of the L molecules in (CuL2)+ favor the formation of paired pi-pi stacking intramolecular interactions between the pyrimidine and phenyl rings leading to significant distortions of tetrahedral coordination cores, CuN4.	pyrimidine	135-145	cullin 2	Homo sapiens	43-47
35094635-2	2022	Human DHODH, a Class II DHODH, is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) catalyzing the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	138-148	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	24-29
35111813-11	2021	KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes related to KIFC1 are mainly enriched in signal pathways such as cell cycle, spliceosome, pyrimidine metabolism, and RNA transport.	pyrimidine	135-145	kinesin family member C1	Homo sapiens	57-62
35163469-1	2022	Teriflunomide (TFN) limits relapses in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by reducing lymphocytic proliferation through the inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the subsequent modulation of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	252-262	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	204-209
35081714-0	2022	Discovery of N-Trisubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Type I RET and RET Gatekeeper Mutant Inhibitors with a Novel Kinase Binding Pose.	pyrimidine	30-40	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	63-66
35081714-0	2022	Discovery of N-Trisubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Type I RET and RET Gatekeeper Mutant Inhibitors with a Novel Kinase Binding Pose.	pyrimidine	30-40	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	71-74
35081714-7	2022	Collectively, N-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives could serve as scaffolds for the discovery and development of potent inhibitors of type I RET and its gatekeeper mutant for the treatment of RET-driven cancers.	pyrimidine	31-41	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	144-147
35081714-7	2022	Collectively, N-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives could serve as scaffolds for the discovery and development of potent inhibitors of type I RET and its gatekeeper mutant for the treatment of RET-driven cancers.	pyrimidine	31-41	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	195-198
35203429-5	2022	Subsequent analysis of RNA-Seq data identified the pyrimidine metabolism pathway amongst the most significant pathways down-regulated in C/EBPdelta-deficient macrophages and size filtration experiments indeed showed that the low molecular weight and free metabolite fraction most effectively induced gemcitabine resistance.	pyrimidine	51-61	CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta	Homo sapiens	137-147
34813507-5	2022	As non-myocytes are critical for heart repair, we showed that rescue of pyrimidine biosynthesis by administration of uridine or by genetic targeting of ENPP1/AMP pathway enhanced repair after cardiac injury.	pyrimidine	72-82	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Mus musculus	152-157
34813507-6	2022	We identified ENPP1 inhibitors on small molecule screening and showed that systemic administration of an ENPP1 inhibitor after heart injury rescued pyrimidine biosynthesis in non-myocyte cells, augmented cardiac repair and post infarct heart function.	pyrimidine	148-158	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Mus musculus	14-19
34813507-6	2022	We identified ENPP1 inhibitors on small molecule screening and showed that systemic administration of an ENPP1 inhibitor after heart injury rescued pyrimidine biosynthesis in non-myocyte cells, augmented cardiac repair and post infarct heart function.	pyrimidine	148-158	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Mus musculus	105-110
35356460-1	2022	Background: Hereditary orotic aciduria (HOA) is a rare genetic disorder of pyrimidine metabolism caused by variations in the uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS) gene and inheritance are autosomal recessive.	pyrimidine	75-85	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	125-157
35178181-1	2022	A library of potent and highly A3AR selective pyrimidine-based compounds was designed to explore non-orthosteric interactions within this receptor.	pyrimidine	46-56	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	31-35
35035999-3	2022	5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue acting as an anti-metabolic agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase and interferes with ribo-nucleic acid (RNA) synthesis.	pyrimidine	39-49	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	107-127
35141004-3	2022	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzed the rate-limiting step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	85-95	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
35141004-3	2022	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzed the rate-limiting step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	85-95	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
34986346-4	2022	Mechanistically, the UPR effector protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) represses oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and pyrimidine biosynthesis and primes the mitochondrial membrane to apoptotic signals in an AMPK-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	148-158	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	34-67
34986346-4	2022	Mechanistically, the UPR effector protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) represses oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and pyrimidine biosynthesis and primes the mitochondrial membrane to apoptotic signals in an AMPK-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	148-158	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	69-73
35356460-1	2022	Background: Hereditary orotic aciduria (HOA) is a rare genetic disorder of pyrimidine metabolism caused by variations in the uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS) gene and inheritance are autosomal recessive.	pyrimidine	75-85	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	159-163
2586490-0	1989	Relative substrate activities of structurally related pteridine, quinazoline, and pyrimidine analogs for mouse liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase.	pyrimidine	82-92	folylpolyglutamyl synthetase	Mus musculus	117-146
2482933-1	1989	The dhod locus encodes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzymatic step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	90-100	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	4-8
2482933-1	1989	The dhod locus encodes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzymatic step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	90-100	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	23-51
2689865-1	1989	The PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a DNA photolyase that catalyzes the light-dependent repair of pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	112-122	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
2679804-0	1989	Pyrimidine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the ura2 cluster gene, its multifunctional enzyme product, and other structural or regulatory genes involved in de novo UMP synthesis.	pyrimidine	0-10	bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
2810356-5	1989	The promoter of the maize Gpc1 gene contains an anaerobic regulatory element and a pyrimidine box upstream from the TATA box and within intron 1.	pyrimidine	83-93	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, cytosolic	Zea mays	26-30
2676726-5	1989	The upstream region flanking the tRNA(Thr) gene has two tracts of alternating purine/pyrimidine residues potentially capable of adopting the Z-DNA conformation, and presumptive binding sites for two RNA polymerase II transcription factors.	pyrimidine	85-95	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	33-37
2543974-4	1989	While the bacterial pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes are separate proteins, in mammals the ATCase domain is fused to the carboxyl end of the CAD chimera via a 133-amino acid (14-kDa) linker with an unusual amino acid composition, a pI of 10.2, and pronounced hydrophilic character.	pyrimidine	20-30	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	140-143
2502942-9	1989	Enzyme deficiencies that directly or indirectly affect pyrimidine metabolism (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and methionine synthase deficiencies) are exceedingly rare and only inconsistently produce an immune defect (involving T cells).	pyrimidine	55-65	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	78-111
2498313-2	1989	The yeast URA2 locus encodes a multifunctional protein which possesses the carbamylphosphate synthetase and aspartate transcarbamylase activities and which catalyzes the first two reactions of the pyrimidine pathway.	pyrimidine	197-207	bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-14
2730661-1	1989	Compared to either compound alone, the combination of acivicin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) markedly enhanced the inhibition of the activities of thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase, the enzymes involved in the final steps of the de novo and salvage pathways in pyrimidine metabolism in A549 lung cancer cells.	pyrimidine	276-286	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	154-174
2565865-1	1989	The CAD gene encodes a trifunctional protein that carries the activities of the first three enzymes (carbamyl phosphate synthetase II, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	194-204	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
2714895-3	1989	The specific activities of the pyrimidine metabolizing enzymes thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine kinase (TK) were examined in both MNB cell lines by a new radiochromatographic method.	pyrimidine	31-41	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	93-124
2714895-3	1989	The specific activities of the pyrimidine metabolizing enzymes thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine kinase (TK) were examined in both MNB cell lines by a new radiochromatographic method.	pyrimidine	31-41	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	126-129
2663640-2	1989	The influence of rad2 mutation blocking incision of pyrimidine dimers on frequency of UV-light and 6-hydroxylaminopurine (6-GAP)-induced adenine-independent revertants was studied in the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the same mutant allele of gene ADE2 in episomic plasmid and in chromosome.	pyrimidine	52-62	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-21
2725498-9	1989	However, in V-H1 cells, which are completely deficient in the removal of pyrimidine dimers from the hprt gene and which show a UV-induced mutation frequency enhanced seven times, 10 out of 11 base pair changes were caused by photoproducts in the transcribed strand of the hprt gene.	pyrimidine	73-83	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	100-104
2645048-0	1989	Establishment and characterization of a melanoma cell line from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient: activation of N-ras at a potential pyrimidine dimer site.	pyrimidine	132-142	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	111-116
2719919-6	1989	This result is consistent with recent nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray studies which indicate that 8-substituted adenine nucleotides interact with the pyrimidine binding site of RNase A.	pyrimidine	155-165	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	182-189
3202908-2	1988	The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the initial, rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism, was measured at various times over a 24-hr period in the livers of rats housed under standardized conditions of light and dark.	pyrimidine	23-33	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
2651891-1	1989	The URA5 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (EC 2.4.2.10; OPRTase) which catalyses the transformation of orotate to OMP in the pyrimidine pathway.	pyrimidine	168-178	orotate phosphoribosyltransferase URA5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
2698835-4	1989	The efficiency of removal of pyrimidine dimers has been determined in the active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	pyrimidine	29-39	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	81-104
2698835-4	1989	The efficiency of removal of pyrimidine dimers has been determined in the active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	pyrimidine	29-39	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	106-110
2698835-8	1989	The efficiency of removal of pyrimidine dimers is much higher in the transcribed than the nontranscribed DNA strands of the DHFR gene in both CHO and human cells.	pyrimidine	29-39	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	124-128
3180351-10	1988	A higher extent of alkylation by MNU and a slower rate of repair by AGT for sites in which a guanine or modified guanine is preceded by a purine rather than a pyrimidine may explain, at least in part, mutational hot spots.	pyrimidine	159-169	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	68-71
3207996-4	1988	With a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 5 microM, alloxan was the most potent pyrimidine derivative inhibitor of glucokinase.	pyrimidine	86-96	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	121-132
2846277-6	1988	The rad3 Arg-48 mutant is apparently defective in a step subsequent to incision at the damage site in DNA; it can incise UV damaged DNA, but does not remove pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	157-167	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
2903106-1	1988	The first three steps of mammalian de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis are catalyzed by the multifunctional protein CAD, consisting of glutamine-dependent carbamylphosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase.	pyrimidine	43-53	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase	Homo sapiens	88-115
3184122-0	1988	A pyrimidine-based "flexible" bisubstrate analogue inhibitor of human thymidylate synthase.	pyrimidine	2-12	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	70-90
2847745-2	1988	DHO-dehase, the fourth enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is a mitochondrial enzyme which is both a potential rate-limiting reaction in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and a potential therapeutic target for tumor inhibitors.	pyrimidine	45-55	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-10
2847745-2	1988	DHO-dehase, the fourth enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is a mitochondrial enzyme which is both a potential rate-limiting reaction in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and a potential therapeutic target for tumor inhibitors.	pyrimidine	168-178	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-10
2847745-3	1988	This paper reports results on a series of pyrimidine analogs of dihydroorotate (DHO) and orotic acid (OA) as inhibitors of DHO-dehase.	pyrimidine	42-52	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	123-133
3058986-5	1988	These results contribute to a general mechanism for RecA protein binding to duplex DNA, which can provide a rationale for the apparent preferential binding to altered DNA structures such as pyrimidine dimers and Z-DNA.	pyrimidine	190-200	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	52-56
2856037-12	1988	Yt is considerably increased by a syn-oriented pyrimidine base, but decreases when the base is anti.	pyrimidine	47-57	synemin	Homo sapiens	34-37
2900634-1	1988	The hamster CAD gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	79-89	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
3339127-1	1988	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the initial, rate-limiting step in pyrimidine degradation, was studied in two cell lines of murine neuroblastoma (MNB-T1 and MNB-T2) that were derived from C-1300 MNB tumor carried in A/J mice.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	33-36
2462483-1	1988	The enzymes in the pathway for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, including those associated with the tri-functional CAD protein, show a marked increase in activity in rapidly growing cells and tissues.	pyrimidine	39-49	CAD protein	Mesocricetus auratus	115-118
3260027-3	1988	SP6 polymerase efficiently transcribes cDNA inserts which contain a guanosine (G) nucleotide at position +1 relative to the SP6 promoter; however, inserts with an adenosine (A) or pyrimidine at position +1 are not transcribed.	pyrimidine	180-190	Sp6 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
2835656-1	1988	A predominantly pyrimidine-rich sequence (purine in the template strand, 32 of 37 bases) is located between a functional TATA element and the corresponding transcription start site region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c (CYC1) gene.	pyrimidine	16-26	threonine ammonia-lyase ILV1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	220-225
2835656-1	1988	A predominantly pyrimidine-rich sequence (purine in the template strand, 32 of 37 bases) is located between a functional TATA element and the corresponding transcription start site region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c (CYC1) gene.	pyrimidine	16-26	cytochrome c isoform 1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	240-244
2897615-1	1988	The URA4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, coding for the third enzyme of the pyrimidine pathway, has been cloned through phenotypic complementation of a ura4 mutant of S. cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	78-88	dihydroorotase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
2897615-1	1988	The URA4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, coding for the third enzyme of the pyrimidine pathway, has been cloned through phenotypic complementation of a ura4 mutant of S. cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	78-88	dihydroorotase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	154-158
2830265-9	1988	From their codon usage and third base pyrimidine bias, RNA polymerase genes RPA190, RPB220, RPC160, and RPC40 fall among yeast genes expressed at an average level.	pyrimidine	38-48	DNA-directed RNA polymerase I core subunit RPA190	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	76-82
2830265-9	1988	From their codon usage and third base pyrimidine bias, RNA polymerase genes RPA190, RPB220, RPC160, and RPC40 fall among yeast genes expressed at an average level.	pyrimidine	38-48	DNA-directed RNA polymerase core subunit RPC40	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	104-109
3131316-5	1988	RNase BSP1 was a typical pyrimidine base-specific, uridylic acid-preferential RNase and had very sharp pH optimum at 6.5.	pyrimidine	25-35	seminal plasma protein PDC-109	Bos taurus	6-10
2977717-8	1988	This analysis also suggests that folate analogs inhibitory to thymidylate synthase are more compatible than pyrimidine analogs with inhibition of thymidylate synthase as an approach to cancer chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	108-118	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	146-166
2822457-5	1987	dNase activity occurred with both purine and pyrimidine substrates and was maximal with deoxy analogs (dIMP much greater than dUMP greater than dGMP greater than dTMP = dAMP much greater than dCMP) at a pH optimum of 6.2, but slight cross-reactivity occurred with some nondeoxy substrates (IMP greater than GMP greater than UMP = XMP greater than CMP).	pyrimidine	45-55	Deoxyribonuclease II	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
3271473-9	1987	Based on the analysis of Raman spectra of the alternating pyrimidine-purine oligomers which might be expected to go into the Z form, the tendency for these oligonucleotides to adopt the Z form can be ranked as: d(CGCGCGCG) greater than (II) greater than (III) greater than (V) approximately (VI) greater than (IV) for octamers and (VII) greater than (VIII) greater than (IX) for the decamers.	pyrimidine	58-68	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	351-355
3664636-1	1987	We find a dramatic difference in the efficiency of removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the transcribed and nontranscribed strands of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in cultured hamster and human cells.	pyrimidine	73-83	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	171-175
3319581-2	1987	light-induced pyrimidine dimers, has been partially but stably corrected by transfection of immortalised cells with the denV pyrimidine dimer glycosylase gene of bacteriophage T4.	pyrimidine	14-24	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	120-124
3118372-3	1987	Sequence analysis of 19 mouse and human VH 5" flanking regions shows that the heptamer and pyrimidine stretch are strongly conserved.	pyrimidine	91-101	immunoglobulin heavy variable 5-78 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	40-44
2824206-1	1987	The activities of aspartate transcarbamylase (de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway) and of deoxycytidine kinase as well as deoxycytidine deaminase (salvage pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway) were determined in extracts prepared from 40 brain tumors of different types in comparison with extracts from normal nervous tissues.	pyrimidine	54-64	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	126-149
2824206-1	1987	The activities of aspartate transcarbamylase (de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway) and of deoxycytidine kinase as well as deoxycytidine deaminase (salvage pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway) were determined in extracts prepared from 40 brain tumors of different types in comparison with extracts from normal nervous tissues.	pyrimidine	159-169	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	126-149
3621470-1	1987	We have previously demonstrated that the active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene is efficiently repaired in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which remove only a small fraction of u.v.-induced pyrimidine dimers from the overall genome.	pyrimidine	196-206	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	48-71
3621470-1	1987	We have previously demonstrated that the active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene is efficiently repaired in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which remove only a small fraction of u.v.-induced pyrimidine dimers from the overall genome.	pyrimidine	196-206	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	73-77
3621470-11	1987	In the wild type CHO cells, approximately 50% of the pyrimidine dimers were removed from a sequence in the DHFR gene within 8 h, whereas none were removed from the downstream sequence in that period.	pyrimidine	53-63	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	107-111
3621470-13	1987	In the denV+ cells, approximately 70% of the pyrimidine dimers were removed from both the DHFR gene and from the downstream sequence; these cells thus repair both coding and non-coding regions of the genome and show no pattern of preferential repair.	pyrimidine	45-55	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	90-94
3571001-4	1987	Because UMP synthase is needed for pyrimidine biosynthesis and hence DNA and RNA metabolism, it was hypothesized that a partial deficiency could result in slower growth and smaller size for affected animals.	pyrimidine	35-45	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Bos taurus	8-20
3108250-0	1987	Regulation of N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine amidohydrolase, the terminal enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism, by ligand-induced change in polymerization.	pyrimidine	78-88	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-53
2885743-1	1987	CAD codes for a trifunctional protein involved in the catalysis of the first three enzymatic activities in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, namely, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II (EC 6.3.5.5), aspartate transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.2), and dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3).	pyrimidine	119-129	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
3039294-0	1987	Nucleotide sequence of the pyrimidine specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, a part of the yeast multifunctional protein encoded by the URA2 gene.	pyrimidine	27-37	bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	138-142
3107544-2	1987	Notch phenocopies were induced by inhibitors of enzyme activities in two biochemical pathways: the de novo pyrimidine synthesis by 5-methylorotate (inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) and the choline shunt by amobarbital (inhibits choline dehydrogenase) and methoxyacetate (inhibits sarcosine dehydrogenase).	pyrimidine	107-117	Notch	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
2881299-8	1987	Specific purine-pyrimidine motifs (RRYRR) (R = purine and Y = pyrimidine) serve as PHO5 mRNA initiation sites, but only if they lie 55-110 bp downstream of a functional TATA element.	pyrimidine	16-26	acid phosphatase PHO5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-87
2881299-8	1987	Specific purine-pyrimidine motifs (RRYRR) (R = purine and Y = pyrimidine) serve as PHO5 mRNA initiation sites, but only if they lie 55-110 bp downstream of a functional TATA element.	pyrimidine	62-72	acid phosphatase PHO5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-87
3107544-2	1987	Notch phenocopies were induced by inhibitors of enzyme activities in two biochemical pathways: the de novo pyrimidine synthesis by 5-methylorotate (inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) and the choline shunt by amobarbital (inhibits choline dehydrogenase) and methoxyacetate (inhibits sarcosine dehydrogenase).	pyrimidine	107-117	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	161-189
3107544-3	1987	The inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis prevents the production of deoxyuridine-5-phosphate, the substrate for the synthesis of thymidine-5-phosphate via thymidylate synthase, whereas the inhibition of the choline shunt prevents the production of HCHO groups and glycine, both of which are involved in the synthesis of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, which is a cofactor of thymidylate synthase.	pyrimidine	26-36	Thymidylate synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	161-181
3107544-3	1987	The inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis prevents the production of deoxyuridine-5-phosphate, the substrate for the synthesis of thymidine-5-phosphate via thymidylate synthase, whereas the inhibition of the choline shunt prevents the production of HCHO groups and glycine, both of which are involved in the synthesis of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, which is a cofactor of thymidylate synthase.	pyrimidine	26-36	Thymidylate synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	381-401
3301531-10	1987	The library will thus be useful for the selection of cosmid clones which carry CDC genes from yeast by complementing first, with the vectorial yeast gene URA1, the pyrimidine auxotrophy of most cdc-strains and then, with the respective CDC wild-type genes, of the temperature-sensitive mutant alleles.	pyrimidine	164-174	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	154-158
3428612-0	1987	Structure of the mouse Adh-1 gene and identification of a deletion in a long alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence in the first intron of strains expressing low alcohol dehydrogenase activity.	pyrimidine	96-106	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	23-28
3501543-7	1987	Preliminary results from the biochemical studies suggest an enhanced saturation of TS by the fluorinated pyrimidine when administered with leucovorin.	pyrimidine	105-115	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	83-85
2822596-17	1987	In conclusion, DUP-785 is a potent inhibitor of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, by inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme DHO-DH.	pyrimidine	48-58	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	123-129
3019518-10	1986	The results showed that NSC 368390 was a potent inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pathway; thus, this study demonstrates that NSC 368390 exerts its tumoricidal effect by inhibiting a step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis resulting in the depletion of critical precursors for RNA and DNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	233-243	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	61-89
3810894-2	1987	It is shown that when nonphosphorylated form of pyrimidine and ribose-5-phosphate (donor C-4--a fragment) is used as a substrate, the specific activity of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase is high and Be2+ and F- ions, inhibitors of alkaline phosphatases, do not inhibit it.	pyrimidine	48-58	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	89-92
3466163-1	1986	Removal of pyrimidine dimers was measured in defined sequences in human cells amplified for the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene.	pyrimidine	11-21	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	121-125
3021354-2	1986	Using a recently developed technique for measuring pyrimidine dimer frequencies in genomic restriction fragments, we have determined the extent of DNA repair in the active, essential dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene.	pyrimidine	51-61	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	183-206
3021354-2	1986	Using a recently developed technique for measuring pyrimidine dimer frequencies in genomic restriction fragments, we have determined the extent of DNA repair in the active, essential dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene.	pyrimidine	51-61	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	208-212
3774540-8	1986	The L14 gene has multiple initiation sites, but the large majority of the transcripts start in the middle of a pyrimidine tract not preceded by a canonical TATA box as in other eukaryotic housekeeping genes.	pyrimidine	111-121	lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1, gene 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-7
3023360-1	1986	The formation and removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers were measured in restriction fragments near and within the essential dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Chinese hamster ovary cells in order to map the genomic fine structure of DNA repair.	pyrimidine	40-50	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	127-150
3023360-1	1986	The formation and removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers were measured in restriction fragments near and within the essential dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Chinese hamster ovary cells in order to map the genomic fine structure of DNA repair.	pyrimidine	40-50	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	152-156
3019386-3	1986	All sites are located in regions of alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence, most commonly associated with the dinucleotide steps TpG (CpA) and GpT (ApC), suggesting that the preferred binding sites may contain all four nucleotides and/or that peculiarities of the dynamics of DNA conformation at alternating sequences may be critical for nogalamycin binding.	pyrimidine	55-65	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	143-146
3023073-1	1986	The synthetic alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence, d(CATG)10.d(CATG)10, has been cloned into a 2.079-kb pBR322-derived plasmid (pLN1) and its conformation studied under torsional stress.	pyrimidine	33-43	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	56-60
3023073-1	1986	The synthetic alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence, d(CATG)10.d(CATG)10, has been cloned into a 2.079-kb pBR322-derived plasmid (pLN1) and its conformation studied under torsional stress.	pyrimidine	33-43	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	66-70
3005407-10	1986	Expression of the five gp70 antigenic determinants mentioned above was completely restored by exposure of cl.18-5 and cl.18-12 cells to the halogenated pyrimidine, iododeoxyuridine (IudR).	pyrimidine	152-162	embigin	Mus musculus	23-27
3003061-5	1986	Modifications of the pyrimidine part of guanine, particularly at C-1, generally caused selectivity for the rapidly exchanging site while modifications of the imidazole part of guanine at C-7 and C-8 caused selectivity for the slowly exchanging site.	pyrimidine	21-31	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	65-68
2419329-8	1986	Within the 1-kilobase pair 5" flanking region of the human albumin gene there are 8- and 35-base pair alternating purine/pyrimidine sequences, primarily consisting of dG and dT, and three nucleotide segments exhibiting homology to the proposed progesterone receptor-binding site.	pyrimidine	121-131	albumin	Homo sapiens	59-66
3943086-3	1986	In vitro experiments with rat liver extracts indicated that BVUra was not a substrate but an inhibitor for the reductive step in pyrimidine degradation catalyzed by dihydrothymine dehydrogenase.	pyrimidine	129-139	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	165-193
3725608-1	1986	Deficiency in human G-6PD is a widespread X-linked disorder, which is mainly characterized by susceptibility to hemolytic anaemia after the ingestion of certain drugs or toxic substances (e.g. pyrimidine derivates contained in fava beans).	pyrimidine	193-203	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	20-25
3766229-0	1986	In vitro degradation of pyrimidine bases: studies of rat liver dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.	pyrimidine	24-34	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	63-94
2995985-0	1985	Oligomeric structure of the multifunctional protein CAD that initiates pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells.	pyrimidine	71-81	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase	Homo sapiens	28-55
2866187-0	1985	Immunochemical analysis of the domain structure of CAD, the multifunctional protein that initiates pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells.	pyrimidine	99-109	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
3931905-1	1985	Enzymes of the pyrimidine base catabolism, dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.2), dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2), and beta-ureidopropionase (EC 3.5.1.6) were compared in the cytosolic extract of several normal and neoplastic human tissues.	pyrimidine	15-25	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	85-104
3931905-1	1985	Enzymes of the pyrimidine base catabolism, dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.2), dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2), and beta-ureidopropionase (EC 3.5.1.6) were compared in the cytosolic extract of several normal and neoplastic human tissues.	pyrimidine	15-25	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	123-144
3931905-3	1985	Substrate inhibition, hysteresis, allosterism, and the lack of dihydropyrimidinase are pointed out as special problems in assaying enzymes of pyrimidine degradation.	pyrimidine	142-152	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	63-82
2995975-10	1985	In the most sensitive xeroderma pigmentosum cells, with all three plasmids, one UV-induced pyrimidine dimer inactivates a target of about 2 kilobases, close to the size of the putative CAT mRNA.	pyrimidine	91-101	catalase	Homo sapiens	185-188
2995985-1	1985	The first three steps in mammalian de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis are catalyzed by the multifunctional protein designated CAD.	pyrimidine	43-53	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
2413066-4	1985	Especially, O-8 antibodies showed a preference for polynucleotides with pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	72-82	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-33	Homo sapiens	12-15
2996510-4	1985	In addition, three compounds, 5-azaorotate, 5-bromoorotate, and barbiturate were also inhibitory against the two subsequent enzymes of the pathway, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidylate decarboxylase, so that they could act against three enzymes of the mammalian pyrimidine de novo biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	275-285	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	148-181
4042322-0	1985	Inhibition of uricase by pyrimidine and purine drugs.	pyrimidine	25-35	urate oxidase (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	14-21
2991891-2	1985	The denV gene was found to be expressed, probably from its own promoter, causing pyrimidine dimer incision-deficient uvrA, uvrB, uvrC strains to be rescued by the denV gene.	pyrimidine	81-91	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	4-8
2991891-2	1985	The denV gene was found to be expressed, probably from its own promoter, causing pyrimidine dimer incision-deficient uvrA, uvrB, uvrC strains to be rescued by the denV gene.	pyrimidine	81-91	DenV endonuclease V, N-glycosylase UV repair enzyme	Escherichia phage T4	163-167
2989306-5	1985	This is the first report of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay system which allows quantitation of the activity of pyrimidine 5"-nucleotidase isozymes using five individual pyrimidine and deoxypyrimidine nucleotides as the substrates.	pyrimidine	128-138	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	139-154
2992101-1	1985	In animals, the first three enzymatic steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, carbamyl phosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase, comprise the multifunctional protein known as the CAD protein.	pyrimidine	55-65	CAD protein	Cricetulus griseus	206-209
6207018-7	1984	Furthermore, when the RNA used in these experiments was prepared from cells with different levels of pyrE expression, created by manipulations in their pyrimidine nucleotide supply, the frequency of transcription initiations at P1 and P2 was found to be constitutive, while only a pyrimidine regulated fraction of the mRNA chains reached into the pyrE gene.	pyrimidine	152-162	replication initiation protein	Escherichia coli	228-237
2987851-1	1985	The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for excision of pyrimidine dimers and is essential for viability.	pyrimidine	70-80	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
3967028-1	1985	We examined the possible role of calmodulin in the excision repair of ultraviolet light-induced pyrimidine dimers in damaged DNA by means of specialized assay systems.	pyrimidine	96-106	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	33-43
3880742-3	1985	For TMP bound to chicken dihydrofolate reductase we observe an altered binding geometry in which the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine occupies a position in closer proximity (by approximately 1 A) to helix alpha B compared to the pyrimidine position for TMP or methotrexate bound to E. coli dihydrofolate reductase.	pyrimidine	112-122	dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus	25-48
3880742-3	1985	For TMP bound to chicken dihydrofolate reductase we observe an altered binding geometry in which the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine occupies a position in closer proximity (by approximately 1 A) to helix alpha B compared to the pyrimidine position for TMP or methotrexate bound to E. coli dihydrofolate reductase.	pyrimidine	112-122	dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus	280-303
3880742-4	1985	One important consequence of this deeper insertion of the pyrimidine into the active site of chicken dihydrofolate reductase is the loss of a potential hydrogen bond that would otherwise form between the carbonyl oxygen of Val-115 and the inhibitor"s 4-amino group.	pyrimidine	58-68	dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus	101-124
3880743-2	1985	X-ray structural results are reported for 10 triazine and pyrimidine inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, each one studied as a ternary complex with NADPH and chicken dihydrofolate reductase.	pyrimidine	58-68	dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus	83-106
6090677-4	1984	The most prominent site maps 100 base-pairs upstream of hsp26 in a very pyrimidine-rich region adjacent to a known region of chromatin DNAase I hypersensitivity.	pyrimidine	72-82	Heat shock protein 26	Drosophila melanogaster	56-61
3987692-14	1985	The absorption spectrum of the blue anionic 8-mercapto-FAD bound to glutathione reductase suggests that the protein concurs to the stabilization of a negative charge in the pyrimidine subnucleus.	pyrimidine	173-183	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	68-89
3838150-0	1985	DNA repair in an active gene: removal of pyrimidine dimers from the DHFR gene of CHO cells is much more efficient than in the genome overall.	pyrimidine	41-51	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	68-72
3835824-11	1985	Pretreatment of hepatoma cells or of TA3-mammary tumor cells with an uridylate-trapping sugar analog in combination with an inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis enhances the uptake of 5-fluorouridine, its incorporation into RNA, and its growth inhibitory effect.	pyrimidine	145-155	trace amine-associated receptor 9	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
6468388-15	1984	This simulation shows that on addition of BMP, there is a sequential depletion of all pyrimidine intermediates between UMP and dCDP and a concomitant accumulation of OMP.	pyrimidine	86-96	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
6426097-1	1984	Effects of prolactin or estrogen on the activity of the pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors were investigated in ovariectomized rats.	pyrimidine	56-66	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	11-20
6144799-2	1984	rudimentary encodes a 220,000 Mr polypeptide catalyzing the first three steps in pyrimidine biosynthesis: carbamyl phosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydroorotase.	pyrimidine	81-91	rudimentary	Drosophila melanogaster	0-11
6232614-7	1984	When correlated with the DNA sequence upstream of the epsilon-globin gene, this site was found to correspond to a region that contains a stretch of 28 consecutive Ts, three enhancer core-like sequences, and a stretch of consecutive (C-A)15(T-A)6 alternating purine and pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	269-279	hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1	Homo sapiens	54-68
6656763-1	1983	Syrian hamster cell lines selected in multiple steps for resistance to high levels of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) contain many copies of the gene coding for the pyrimidine pathway enzyme CAD.	pyrimidine	171-181	CAD protein	Mesocricetus auratus	197-200
6373364-1	1984	Cell-free extracts from wild-type yeast (RAD+) and from rad mutants belonging to the RAD3 epistatic group (rad1-1, rad2-1, rad3-1, rad4 -1) contain activities catalyzing the excision of pyrimidine dimers (PD) from purified ultraviolet-irradiated DNA which was not pre-treated with exogenous UV-endonuclease.	pyrimidine	186-196	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	85-89
6373364-1	1984	Cell-free extracts from wild-type yeast (RAD+) and from rad mutants belonging to the RAD3 epistatic group (rad1-1, rad2-1, rad3-1, rad4 -1) contain activities catalyzing the excision of pyrimidine dimers (PD) from purified ultraviolet-irradiated DNA which was not pre-treated with exogenous UV-endonuclease.	pyrimidine	186-196	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-113
6373364-1	1984	Cell-free extracts from wild-type yeast (RAD+) and from rad mutants belonging to the RAD3 epistatic group (rad1-1, rad2-1, rad3-1, rad4 -1) contain activities catalyzing the excision of pyrimidine dimers (PD) from purified ultraviolet-irradiated DNA which was not pre-treated with exogenous UV-endonuclease.	pyrimidine	186-196	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	123-127
6373364-1	1984	Cell-free extracts from wild-type yeast (RAD+) and from rad mutants belonging to the RAD3 epistatic group (rad1-1, rad2-1, rad3-1, rad4 -1) contain activities catalyzing the excision of pyrimidine dimers (PD) from purified ultraviolet-irradiated DNA which was not pre-treated with exogenous UV-endonuclease.	pyrimidine	186-196	Rad4p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-135
6361496-0	1984	Repair of UV-irradiated plasmid DNA in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae rad3 mutant deficient in excision-repair of pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	110-120	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	66-70
6361496-3	1984	We found that the yeast rad3-2 mutant, deficient in incision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in nuclear DNA, was fully capable of repairing such lesions in plasmid DNA.	pyrimidine	75-85	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-28
6092873-2	1984	The umuC gene product may be required for replication past pyrimidine dimers but not for the coding error in UV-mutagenesis.	pyrimidine	59-69	DNA polymerase V subunit UmuC	Escherichia coli	4-8
6140622-0	1984	The Dhod locus of Drosophila: mutations and interrelationships with other loci controlling de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	99-109	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	4-8
6656991-6	1983	Purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides in human CSF were less than or equal to 0.2 microM with the exception of uridine which was present at concentrations of 2-3 microM.	pyrimidine	11-21	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-50
6656991-7	1983	Although low concentrations of thymidine and deoxyuridine (0.2 microM) were present in human plasma, purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides were less than 0.1 microM in human lumbar CSF.	pyrimidine	112-122	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	186-189
16593371-1	1983	The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for nicking of DNA containing pyrimidine dimers or interstrand crosslinks.	pyrimidine	84-94	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
6848490-9	1983	Complete DNA excision repair of pyrimidine dimers was achieved with the beta-polymerase, DNase V, and DNA ligase from incisions made in UV-irradiated DNA by T4 UV endonuclease and HeLa AP endonuclease II.	pyrimidine	32-42	colicin E8	Escherichia coli	89-94
6352404-4	1983	Excision repair of pyrimidine dimers can occur during meiosis and the RAD1 gene product is required; alternate excision pathways do not exist.	pyrimidine	19-29	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	70-74
6352404-5	1983	Although the rate of elongation is decreased, the presence of pyrimidine dimers during meiosis in the rad1-1 strain does not block meiotic DNA synthesis suggesting a bypass mechanism.	pyrimidine	62-72	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-106
6352404-7	1983	Since pyrimidine dimers induced in parental strands of rad1-1 prior to premeiotic DNA synthesis do not become associated with newly synthesized DNA, the mechanism for replicational bypass does not appear to involve a recombinational process.	pyrimidine	6-16	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
6604587-4	1983	Further evidence for a differential effect of EGF resulting from growth of the cells with the pyrimidine analog was observed in the matrix fraction soluble in SDS, which revealed a decrease in a 20 kd species resulting from exposure of control cells to EGF, with no comparable effect in BrdU-grown cells.	pyrimidine	94-104	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
6300078-1	1983	The aspartate transcarbamylase activity of mammalian cells is carried by a large multifunctional protein, CAD, that catalyzes the first three steps in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	163-173	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
6824630-3	1983	The NOE data rule out conformations containing syn glycosidic linkages and conformations in which the purine 8 and pyrimidine 6 protons are closer to the 3" nearest-neighbor ribose 1" proton than to the 5" nearest-neighbor ribose 1" proton.	pyrimidine	115-125	synemin	Homo sapiens	47-50
6848490-11	1983	DNase V removes pyrimidine dimers primarily as a dinucleotide and then promotes nick translational DNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	16-26	colicin E8	Escherichia coli	0-5
6139279-1	1983	Dihydroorotase, the third enzymatic activity of the pyrimidine pathway, is encoded in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a single gene URA4, which is induced at the transcriptional level by accumulation of ureidosuccinic acid.	pyrimidine	52-62	dihydroorotase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-14
6139279-1	1983	Dihydroorotase, the third enzymatic activity of the pyrimidine pathway, is encoded in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a single gene URA4, which is induced at the transcriptional level by accumulation of ureidosuccinic acid.	pyrimidine	52-62	dihydroorotase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	128-132
24186368-1	1982	We show that the DNA ligase encoded or controlled by the cdc9 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for replication of plasmid DNA but that excision repair of pyrimidine dimers in plasmid DNA can be completed in its absence.	pyrimidine	166-176	DNA ligase (ATP) CDC9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
6835435-0	1983	Inhibition of bovine heart adenosine deaminase activity by some pyrimidine analogues.	pyrimidine	64-74	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	27-46
6835435-1	1983	Some pyrimidine analogues--especially 6-azauridine and 5-azacytidine at a final concentration of 1 mmol dm-3--significantly depressed adenosine deaminase activity isolated and purified from bovine heart.	pyrimidine	5-15	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	134-153
6758781-0	1982	A phosphorus-containing pyrimidine analog as a potent inhibitor of cytidine deaminase.	pyrimidine	24-34	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	67-85
7085668-0	1982	Incorporation of molecular oxygen into pyrimidine cofactors by phenylalanine hydroxylase.	pyrimidine	39-49	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	63-88
6814416-1	1982	Flies mutant for one or both of the last two enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis express a number of phenotypes that are also expressed by mutants of the first four pathway enzymes (r and Dhod-null mutants).	pyrimidine	64-74	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	195-199
7085668-1	1982	The 5-amino substituents of two pyrimidine cofactors of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase, 2,5,6-triamino-4-pyrimidinone (TP) and 5-benzylamino-2,6-diamino-4-pyrimidinone (BDP), have been shown to be cleaved quantitatively by enzyme (Bailey, S. W., and Ayling, J. E. (1980) J. Biol.	pyrimidine	32-42	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	66-91
7085668-10	1982	The demonstration, with phenylalanine hydroxylase, that one atom of molecular oxygen remains attached to position 5 of pyrimidine cofactor, provides the first strong evidence for activation of oxygen by aromatic amino acid monooxygenases via covalent addition to C4a of tetrahydrobiopterin.	pyrimidine	119-129	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	24-49
6175708-1	1982	To evaluate the importance of altered pyrimidine synthesis in the relationship between immune dysfunction and deficiency of ADA, this pathway has been evaluated in normal and ADA-deficient human lymphoblasts.	pyrimidine	38-48	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	124-127
6175708-3	1982	In ADA-deficient lymphoblasts this altered pyrimidine metabolism is accompanied by reduced intracellular concentrations of PP-ribose-P with adenosine but not deoxyadenosine.	pyrimidine	43-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	3-6
7037541-4	1982	The diploid of wild type and the diploid homozygous for the rad2 mutation (this mutation blocks the excision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers) were more resistant to the lethal effect of 8-MOP plus 365 nm light than the haploid of wild type and rad2 haploid, respectively.	pyrimidine	123-133	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-64
7012136-8	1981	These experiments suggest that the RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4 (and probably RAD14) genes are all required for the incision of UV-irradiated DNA during pyrimidine dimer excision in vivo.	pyrimidine	147-157	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-39
7061917-0	1982	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in patients with disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	75-85	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-33
6759871-0	1982	Defective excision of pyrimidine dimers and interstrand DNA crosslinks in rad7 and rad23 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	22-32	UV-damaged DNA-binding protein RAD7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
6759871-0	1982	Defective excision of pyrimidine dimers and interstrand DNA crosslinks in rad7 and rad23 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	22-32	Rad23p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-88
7012136-8	1981	These experiments suggest that the RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4 (and probably RAD14) genes are all required for the incision of UV-irradiated DNA during pyrimidine dimer excision in vivo.	pyrimidine	147-157	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-45
7012136-8	1981	These experiments suggest that the RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4 (and probably RAD14) genes are all required for the incision of UV-irradiated DNA during pyrimidine dimer excision in vivo.	pyrimidine	147-157	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-51
7012136-8	1981	These experiments suggest that the RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4 (and probably RAD14) genes are all required for the incision of UV-irradiated DNA during pyrimidine dimer excision in vivo.	pyrimidine	147-157	DNA repair protein RAD14	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-57
7012136-8	1981	These experiments suggest that the RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4 (and probably RAD14) genes are all required for the incision of UV-irradiated DNA during pyrimidine dimer excision in vivo.	pyrimidine	147-157	DNA repair protein RAD14	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-77
7357001-9	1980	A study of the base specificity of the DNA-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase interaction using dinucleoside monophosphates shows that inhibition of DNA binding by the dinucleotides requires the presence of a 3"-terminal adenosine and is greater when the 5"-terminus contains a pyrimidine instead of a purine.	pyrimidine	284-294	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	43-83
6261734-6	1981	These findings are discussed relative to the role of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and relative to other pathway mutants that have been described in Drosophila.	pyrimidine	97-107	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	53-81
7400145-0	1980	Cleavage of the 5-amino substituent of pyrimidine cofactors by phenylalanine hydroxylase.	pyrimidine	39-49	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	63-88
6788751-12	1981	Base specificity of urine RNases studied with 2",3"-cyclic nucleotides and dinucleoside phosphates as substrates indicated that both RNases were pyrimidine specific and cytosine preferential enzyme, as is bovine pancreatic RNase A.	pyrimidine	145-155	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	223-230
6785725-6	1981	The e domain, however, is found to be of major importance in several chemically modified furanoses including certain pyrimidine deoxynucleosides damaged by radiation and various nucleosides and nucleotides forced by bulky substituents on the base into unusual syn glycosyl arrangements.	pyrimidine	117-127	synemin	Homo sapiens	260-263
6776988-3	1980	Chemical and enzymatic assays for pyrimidine dimers reveal a strong deficiency in dimer excision from cells which are mutant at the mei-9 locus.	pyrimidine	34-44	meiotic 9	Drosophila melanogaster	132-137
7255197-2	1980	The method involves the use of kinetic secondary alpha-hydrogen isotope effects which are expected to accompany sp2 to sp3 rehybridization of C-6 of the pyrimidine ring if they occur prior to or at the rate determining step.	pyrimidine	153-163	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	112-115
6771489-1	1980	The status of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in the dp mutant of Drosophila melanogaster was examined by measuring the activity of the rate-limiting orotate phosphribosyl transferase (OPRT) enzyme.	pyrimidine	22-32	rudimentary-like	Drosophila melanogaster	182-186
6249586-1	1980	In pyrimidine biosynthesis the oxidation of dihydroorotate is catalyzed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is linked to the mitochondrial electron transport chain in vertebrates.	pyrimidine	3-13	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	75-103
7255197-2	1980	The method involves the use of kinetic secondary alpha-hydrogen isotope effects which are expected to accompany sp2 to sp3 rehybridization of C-6 of the pyrimidine ring if they occur prior to or at the rate determining step.	pyrimidine	153-163	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	119-122
7255197-2	1980	The method involves the use of kinetic secondary alpha-hydrogen isotope effects which are expected to accompany sp2 to sp3 rehybridization of C-6 of the pyrimidine ring if they occur prior to or at the rate determining step.	pyrimidine	153-163	complement C6	Homo sapiens	142-145
35542-2	1979	The inhibition of dihydro-orotase (E 3.5.2.3) and dihydroorotate (DHO) dehydrogenase (dihydro-orotate oxidase, EC 1.3.3.1) by cellular orotate (OA) in Ehrlich ascites cells was studied by measuring the accumulation of the intermediates of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis at various times after the addition of 6-azauridine to the culture medium.	pyrimidine	247-257	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	86-109
392238-0	1979	Three additional genes involved in pyrimidine dimer removal in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: RAD7, RAD14 and MMS19.	pyrimidine	35-45	UV-damaged DNA-binding protein RAD7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	89-93
392238-0	1979	Three additional genes involved in pyrimidine dimer removal in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: RAD7, RAD14 and MMS19.	pyrimidine	35-45	DNA repair protein RAD14	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	95-100
392238-0	1979	Three additional genes involved in pyrimidine dimer removal in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: RAD7, RAD14 and MMS19.	pyrimidine	35-45	Met18p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	105-110
486504-10	1979	These observations can be explained by assuming that for attack at C-6, the enzyme must bind both to N-1 and N-2 in the pyrazole ring and causes tautomerisation, which places a double bond at position 5,6 in the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	212-222	complement C6	Bos taurus	67-70
221463-2	1979	The phenylalanine-dependent, phenylalanine hydroxylase-catalyzed reaction in the presence of the pyrimidine is largely, but not completely, uncoupled; the ratio of DPNH oxidized to tyrosine formed is about 20 to 1.	pyrimidine	97-107	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	29-54
221463-3	1979	In addition to the pyrimidine having activity with phenylalanine hydroxylase, a product of the pyrimidine is also a substrate for dihydropteridine reductase.	pyrimidine	19-29	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	51-76
221463-3	1979	In addition to the pyrimidine having activity with phenylalanine hydroxylase, a product of the pyrimidine is also a substrate for dihydropteridine reductase.	pyrimidine	19-29	quinoid dihydropteridine reductase	Homo sapiens	130-156
221463-3	1979	In addition to the pyrimidine having activity with phenylalanine hydroxylase, a product of the pyrimidine is also a substrate for dihydropteridine reductase.	pyrimidine	95-105	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	51-76
378934-0	1979	Apparent involvement of purines in the control of expression of Salmonella typhimurium pyr genes: analysis of a leaky guaB mutant resistant to pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	143-153	IMP dehydrogenase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	118-122
221463-3	1979	In addition to the pyrimidine having activity with phenylalanine hydroxylase, a product of the pyrimidine is also a substrate for dihydropteridine reductase.	pyrimidine	95-105	quinoid dihydropteridine reductase	Homo sapiens	130-156
378934-1	1979	A leaky guaB mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 was obtained during a selection for mutants resistant to a combination of the two pyrimidine analogs, 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouridine.	pyrimidine	133-143	IMP dehydrogenase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	8-12
378934-6	1979	The pyrimidine metabolism of the guaB mutant is restored completely by addition of guanine (or xanthine) to the growth medium.	pyrimidine	4-14	IMP dehydrogenase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	33-37
465362-0	1979	Altered erythrocyte pyrimidine activity in vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.	pyrimidine	20-30	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	51-54
465362-5	1979	In vitamin B12 or folate deficiency an impressive array of evidence now exists to implicate altered folate metabolism for the observed alterations in purine and pyrimidine metabolism (Das &amp; Herbert, 1976).	pyrimidine	161-171	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	11-14
379625-0	1979	The mutagenic potential of unexcised pyrimidine dimers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rad1-1: evidence from photoreactivation and pedigree analysis.	pyrimidine	37-47	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-90
379625-1	1979	Photoreactivation and pedigree analysis have been combined to show that unexcised pyrimidine dimers in the DNA  of rad1-1 yeast can initiate mutagenesis after passing through several DNA replications.	pyrimidine	82-92	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	115-121
232427-1	1979	The activity of uridine kinase, a key enzyme in the salvage pathway for pyrimidine bases and nucleosides and for the activation of the corresponding chemotherapeutic analogs, varied 10-fold in a series of human colon adenosarcomas; similar variations were observed with other tumor types.	pyrimidine	72-82	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	16-30
896486-1	1977	Extensive incorporation of oxygen-18 at position O4 of the pyrimidine nucleus results from exchange between H218O and nucleosides or bases in 1N HC1 at 100 degrees.	pyrimidine	59-69	CYCS pseudogene 39	Homo sapiens	145-148
701286-6	1978	These findings suggest that at least part of the nonspecific interaction of estradiol.receptor complexes with native DNA is through a salt-sensitive binding of the complex to pyrimidine-rich surfaces of the DNA.	pyrimidine	175-185	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	76-94
335235-0	1977	Repair of pyrimidine dimers in radiation-sensitive mutants rad3, rad4, rad6 and rad9 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	10-20	Rad4p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	65-69
335235-0	1977	Repair of pyrimidine dimers in radiation-sensitive mutants rad3, rad4, rad6 and rad9 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	10-20	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-75
335235-0	1977	Repair of pyrimidine dimers in radiation-sensitive mutants rad3, rad4, rad6 and rad9 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	10-20	chromatin-binding protein RAD9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-84
918825-9	1977	These mutations conferred partial resistance to various toxic purine and pyrimidine analogs and preserved HGPRT activity in adenosine-containing medium.	pyrimidine	73-83	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
335235-0	1977	Repair of pyrimidine dimers in radiation-sensitive mutants rad3, rad4, rad6 and rad9 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	10-20	TFIIH/NER complex ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase subunit RAD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	59-63
1005120-6	1976	An interaction between the C(2)O group of pyrimidine residues and Fab fragments cannot be excluded.	pyrimidine	42-52	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	66-69
196969-7	1977	From these results, it may be concluded that CAP-2 induces DNA lesions repairable by the same repair mechanisms that work on pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	125-135	cyclase associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
12825-9	1977	Methylation at C-6 in the pyrazine moiety enhances enzymic attack at C-2 in the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	80-90	complement C6	Bos taurus	15-18
12825-9	1977	Methylation at C-6 in the pyrazine moiety enhances enzymic attack at C-2 in the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	80-90	complement C2	Bos taurus	69-72
1009117-4	1976	While pyruvate kinase shows a rather broad specificity for these analogues, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase has a more stringent requirement for nucleotides, the intact keto and NH groups at C6 and N1 of the pyrimidine ring representing essential sites for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase substrate interaction.	pyrimidine	210-220	pyruvate kinase PKLR	Oryctolagus cuniculus	6-21
826452-1	1976	The mei-9(a) mutant of Drosophila melanogaster , which reduces meiotic recombination in females (Baker and Carpenter 1972), is deficient in the excision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in both sexes.	pyrimidine	167-177	meiotic 9	Drosophila melanogaster	4-9
775322-4	1976	Strains defective (rad 1-3) or with a reduced capacity (p-, cytoplasmic respiratory deficient mutants) in excision repair of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers show a greater sensitivity to formaldehyde than the corresponding wild type.	pyrimidine	145-155	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-24
963054-3	1976	We show that out methods of dimer separation and analysis indeed measure cis-syn pyrimidine dimers and give results in quantitative agreement with the methods of others.	pyrimidine	81-91	synemin	Homo sapiens	77-80
1148244-2	1975	The mutant defective in the excision of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers (rad2-20) as well as that presumably deficient in a recombinational repair system (rad9-4) are more sensitive than wild type cells.	pyrimidine	60-70	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-86
1254576-3	1976	The induction of glutamine-utilizing carbamyl phosphate synthetase (EC 2.7.2.5) and aspartate transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.2) for pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo and the induction of uridine kinase were observed as described previously (Ito, K., and Uchino, H. (1971) J. Biol.	pyrimidine	128-138	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	181-195
4219020-0	1974	Pyrimidine-sensitive drosophila wing mutants: withered (whd), tilt (tt) and dumpy (dp).	pyrimidine	0-10	tt	Drosophila melanogaster	62-66
4795749-4	1973	We suggest that the recently described immune deficiency disease associated with absence of adenosine deaminase may be the result of pyrimidine starvation induced by adenosine nucleotides in cells of the lymphoid system.	pyrimidine	133-143	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	92-111
5438017-0	1970	A direct proton magnetic resonance study of Co2+ complexes with imidazole, 4-methylpyridine, pyridine, pyrimidine, and purine in water-acetone mixtures.	pyrimidine	103-113	complement C2	Homo sapiens	44-47
5032526-1	1972	Allopurinol therapy in man interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo by inhibition of one or both of the two enzymes, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and orotidylic decarboxylase (ODC), responsible for the conversion of orotic acid to uridine-5"-monophosphate.	pyrimidine	43-53	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	124-157
5032526-1	1972	Allopurinol therapy in man interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo by inhibition of one or both of the two enzymes, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and orotidylic decarboxylase (ODC), responsible for the conversion of orotic acid to uridine-5"-monophosphate.	pyrimidine	43-53	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	159-163
5032526-1	1972	Allopurinol therapy in man interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo by inhibition of one or both of the two enzymes, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and orotidylic decarboxylase (ODC), responsible for the conversion of orotic acid to uridine-5"-monophosphate.	pyrimidine	43-53	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	169-193
5032526-1	1972	Allopurinol therapy in man interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo by inhibition of one or both of the two enzymes, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and orotidylic decarboxylase (ODC), responsible for the conversion of orotic acid to uridine-5"-monophosphate.	pyrimidine	43-53	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	195-198
13883962-0	1962	A mutant form of ornithine transcarbamylase found in a strain of Neurospora carrying a pyrimidine-proline suppressor gene.	pyrimidine	87-97	ornithine transcarbamylase	Homo sapiens	17-43
33831696-3	2021	In this manuscript, a series of novel p97 inhibitors with pyrimidine as core structure were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated.	pyrimidine	58-68	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	38-41
33930844-6	2021	Subsequent derivatization of a pyridine derivative led to the discovery of a pyrimidine derivative, 33g, which selectively inhibited the activity of Axl over Mer without retinal toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg in mice.	pyrimidine	77-87	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	149-152
33930844-6	2021	Subsequent derivatization of a pyridine derivative led to the discovery of a pyrimidine derivative, 33g, which selectively inhibited the activity of Axl over Mer without retinal toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg in mice.	pyrimidine	77-87	MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	158-161
32372693-5	2021	A combination of gel electrophoresis, UV-thermal denaturation and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to investigate the formation of inter- as well as intramolecular triplex, in pyrimidine motif at BOLF1 gene of human herpesvirus 4 (HH4) genome.	pyrimidine	189-199	BOLF1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	209-214
33723432-4	2021	In a chemical screen, we found that inhibitors of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) potently increased respirasome assembly and activity.	pyrimidine	62-72	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	90-118
33723432-4	2021	In a chemical screen, we found that inhibitors of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) potently increased respirasome assembly and activity.	pyrimidine	62-72	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	120-125
33960375-6	2021	In addition, we determined a crystal structure of MBD4 bound to T:O6-methylguanine-containing DNA, which suggests the O6 and N2 of purine and the O4 of pyrimidine are required to be a substrate for MBD4.	pyrimidine	152-162	methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	50-54
33960375-6	2021	In addition, we determined a crystal structure of MBD4 bound to T:O6-methylguanine-containing DNA, which suggests the O6 and N2 of purine and the O4 of pyrimidine are required to be a substrate for MBD4.	pyrimidine	152-162	methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	198-202
34009981-0	2021	Discovery and Synthesis of a Pyrimidine-Based Aurora Kinase Inhibitor to Reduce Levels of MYC Oncoproteins.	pyrimidine	29-39	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	90-93
34009981-2	2021	Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of pyrimidine-based derivatives able to inhibit Aurora A kinase activity and reduce levels of cMYC and MYCN.	pyrimidine	58-68	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	149-153
34009981-2	2021	Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of pyrimidine-based derivatives able to inhibit Aurora A kinase activity and reduce levels of cMYC and MYCN.	pyrimidine	58-68	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	158-162
33994542-8	2021	Moreover, anti-pyrimidine drug resistance was induced in the presence of exosomes through the suppression of the pyrimidine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2), and the suppression of ENT2 was significant in in vivo experiments and clinical samples.	pyrimidine	15-25	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	137-175
33994542-8	2021	Moreover, anti-pyrimidine drug resistance was induced in the presence of exosomes through the suppression of the pyrimidine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2), and the suppression of ENT2 was significant in in vivo experiments and clinical samples.	pyrimidine	15-25	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
33994542-8	2021	Moreover, anti-pyrimidine drug resistance was induced in the presence of exosomes through the suppression of the pyrimidine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2), and the suppression of ENT2 was significant in in vivo experiments and clinical samples.	pyrimidine	15-25	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	207-211
33994542-9	2021	RNA sequencing analysis of miRNAs in exosomes identified miR-4717-5p as one of the most abundant miRNAs in the exosome, which suppressed the expression of ENT2 and induced anti-pyrimidine drug resistance in vitro.	pyrimidine	177-187	microRNA 4717	Homo sapiens	57-65
33994542-9	2021	RNA sequencing analysis of miRNAs in exosomes identified miR-4717-5p as one of the most abundant miRNAs in the exosome, which suppressed the expression of ENT2 and induced anti-pyrimidine drug resistance in vitro.	pyrimidine	177-187	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	155-159
34019616-1	2021	The tolerance of cytidine deaminase (CDA) to expanded heterocycles is explored via three fluorescent cytidine analogues, where the pyrimidine core is fused to three distinct five-membered heterocycles at the 5/6 positions.	pyrimidine	131-141	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	17-35
34019616-1	2021	The tolerance of cytidine deaminase (CDA) to expanded heterocycles is explored via three fluorescent cytidine analogues, where the pyrimidine core is fused to three distinct five-membered heterocycles at the 5/6 positions.	pyrimidine	131-141	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	37-40
33986176-2	2021	We discovered, using a chemical suppressor screen, that inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) rescues erythroid differentiation in bloodless zebrafish moonshine (mon) mutant embryos defective for transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (tif1gamma).	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Danio rerio	105-133
34000301-8	2021	Moreover, depletion of the pyrimidine synthesis enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) activated autophagy as well, although mTORC1 activity was not altered by pyrimidine shortage.	pyrimidine	27-37	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	147-175
34000301-8	2021	Moreover, depletion of the pyrimidine synthesis enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) activated autophagy as well, although mTORC1 activity was not altered by pyrimidine shortage.	pyrimidine	27-37	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	177-182
34000301-8	2021	Moreover, depletion of the pyrimidine synthesis enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) activated autophagy as well, although mTORC1 activity was not altered by pyrimidine shortage.	pyrimidine	27-37	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	222-228
34000301-8	2021	Moreover, depletion of the pyrimidine synthesis enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) activated autophagy as well, although mTORC1 activity was not altered by pyrimidine shortage.	pyrimidine	257-267	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	147-175
33986176-2	2021	We discovered, using a chemical suppressor screen, that inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) rescues erythroid differentiation in bloodless zebrafish moonshine (mon) mutant embryos defective for transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (tif1gamma).	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Danio rerio	135-140
33986176-2	2021	We discovered, using a chemical suppressor screen, that inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) rescues erythroid differentiation in bloodless zebrafish moonshine (mon) mutant embryos defective for transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (tif1gamma).	pyrimidine	74-84	tripartite motif containing 33	Danio rerio	244-287
33986176-2	2021	We discovered, using a chemical suppressor screen, that inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) rescues erythroid differentiation in bloodless zebrafish moonshine (mon) mutant embryos defective for transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (tif1gamma).	pyrimidine	74-84	tripartite motif containing 33	Danio rerio	289-298
33992931-4	2021	In an effort to identify EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), several small molecules especially pyrimidine containing derivatives have been designed by applying molecular simulation and evaluated the emergence of epigenetic mutation and resistance problems restricted the long-term effectiveness of such medication and explained the need for further investigations in this field.	pyrimidine	99-109	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
33844533-1	2021	The connection with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key enzyme in pyrimidine biosynthesis, has attracted significant interest from pharma as a possible AML therapeutic target.	pyrimidine	111-121	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	86-92
33991616-0	2021	Nuclear-translocation of ACLY induced by obesity-related factors enhances pyrimidine metabolism through regulating histone acetylation in endometrial cancer.	pyrimidine	74-84	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	25-29
33991616-7	2021	Nuclear-localized ACLY increased histone acetylation levels, thus resulting in upregulation of pyrimidine metabolism genes, such as DHODH.	pyrimidine	95-105	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	18-22
33991616-7	2021	Nuclear-localized ACLY increased histone acetylation levels, thus resulting in upregulation of pyrimidine metabolism genes, such as DHODH.	pyrimidine	95-105	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	132-137
34010766-2	2021	To occupy a presumed hydrophobic space between the pyrimidine and piperidine rings in interaction with GPR119, we replaced the linker oxygen with nitrogen.	pyrimidine	51-61	G protein-coupled receptor 119	Homo sapiens	103-109
33638812-8	2021	In addition, these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched to tyrosine metabolism, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, phenylalanine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	179-189	MOK protein kinase	Gallus gallus	99-103
33829649-0	2021	Discovery of 4,6-disubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel Dual VEGFR2/FGFR1 Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	31-41	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	68-74
33829649-0	2021	Discovery of 4,6-disubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel Dual VEGFR2/FGFR1 Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	31-41	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
33829649-5	2021	Based on this, we designed and synthesized a series of 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives as dual VEGFR2/FGFR1 inhibitors by the molecular hybridization strategy.	pyrimidine	73-83	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	104-110
33829649-5	2021	Based on this, we designed and synthesized a series of 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives as dual VEGFR2/FGFR1 inhibitors by the molecular hybridization strategy.	pyrimidine	73-83	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Homo sapiens	111-116
33716051-3	2021	To contribute to this advancement, here we report on the ability of a new generation inhibitor of a key cellular enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), to inhibit HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro replication, with a potency comparable to that of the reference drug acyclovir.	pyrimidine	131-141	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	190-195
33548910-2	2021	Alteration of substituents (R 1, R2, R3 = H, C2H, C2F) on pyrimidine ring changes properties of electron charge density at this ring and influences indirectly on strength of intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) interactions in the mentioned structures.	pyrimidine	58-68	EMG1 N1-specific pseudouridine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	45-53
33981038-3	2021	Here we show that treatment of cancer cells with GPX4 inhibitors results in acute depletion of N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate, a pyrimidine biosynthesis intermediate, with concomitant accumulation of uridine.	pyrimidine	122-132	glutathione peroxidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
33903774-2	2021	Here, we show that mtDNA-dependent immune signalling via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS-STING-TBK1) pathway is under metabolic control and is induced by cellular pyrimidine deficiency.	pyrimidine	218-228	TANK-binding kinase 1	Mus musculus	116-137
33903774-2	2021	Here, we show that mtDNA-dependent immune signalling via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS-STING-TBK1) pathway is under metabolic control and is induced by cellular pyrimidine deficiency.	pyrimidine	218-228	TANK-binding kinase 1	Mus musculus	150-154
33903774-5	2021	It drives the release of mtDNA and a cGAS-STING-TBK1-dependent inflammatory response, which requires SLC25A33 and is suppressed upon replenishment of cellular pyrimidine pools.	pyrimidine	159-169	TANK-binding kinase 1	Mus musculus	48-52
33874986-4	2021	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) are key enzymes of the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	83-93	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-18
33986687-2	2021	Both SH-1028 and osimertinib have a pyrimidine structure (a typical mutant-selective EGFR TKI structure).	pyrimidine	36-46	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	85-89
33874986-4	2021	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) are key enzymes of the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	83-93	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	20-23
33874986-4	2021	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) are key enzymes of the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	83-93	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	54-58
33859183-5	2021	SPA and LM-2I treatment results in significant enhancement of ASS1 enzymatic activity in breast cancer cells, particularly in those cancer cells with low ASS1 expression, leading to reduced pyrimidine synthesis and consequently the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	190-200	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	0-3
33206174-6	2021	Mechanistically, rapamycin inactivates carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), the essential enzyme for the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and deteriorates CHIR-124-induced replicative stress.	pyrimidine	186-196	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
33859183-5	2021	SPA and LM-2I treatment results in significant enhancement of ASS1 enzymatic activity in breast cancer cells, particularly in those cancer cells with low ASS1 expression, leading to reduced pyrimidine synthesis and consequently the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	190-200	argininosuccinate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	62-66
33368232-2	2021	MAIT cells express a semi invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that recognises a pyrimidine ligand, derived from microbial riboflavin synthesis, bound to MR1.	pyrimidine	76-86	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	36-51
33755421-6	2021	5-Ethynyluracil (5EU) covalently inactivates DPD by cross-linking with the active-site general acid cysteine in the pyrimidine binding site.	pyrimidine	116-126	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-48
33665961-4	2021	Using transcriptome and metabolome analyses, we characterized a combinatorial response, mainly driven by the transcription factors CHOP and TFE3, which resulted in cell death through enhanced pyrimidine catabolism as well as reduced pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	192-202	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	131-135
33665961-4	2021	Using transcriptome and metabolome analyses, we characterized a combinatorial response, mainly driven by the transcription factors CHOP and TFE3, which resulted in cell death through enhanced pyrimidine catabolism as well as reduced pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	192-202	transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3	Homo sapiens	140-144
33665961-4	2021	Using transcriptome and metabolome analyses, we characterized a combinatorial response, mainly driven by the transcription factors CHOP and TFE3, which resulted in cell death through enhanced pyrimidine catabolism as well as reduced pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	233-243	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	131-135
33665961-4	2021	Using transcriptome and metabolome analyses, we characterized a combinatorial response, mainly driven by the transcription factors CHOP and TFE3, which resulted in cell death through enhanced pyrimidine catabolism as well as reduced pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	233-243	transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3	Homo sapiens	140-144
33610916-4	2021	Mechanistically, we showed that the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, is involved in antimycin A-induced differentiation.	pyrimidine	122-132	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	50-78
33610916-4	2021	Mechanistically, we showed that the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, is involved in antimycin A-induced differentiation.	pyrimidine	122-132	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	80-85
33368232-2	2021	MAIT cells express a semi invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that recognises a pyrimidine ligand, derived from microbial riboflavin synthesis, bound to MR1.	pyrimidine	76-86	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	53-56
33368232-2	2021	MAIT cells express a semi invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that recognises a pyrimidine ligand, derived from microbial riboflavin synthesis, bound to MR1.	pyrimidine	76-86	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Homo sapiens	149-152
33368232-4	2021	In this study, we compared the functional and transcriptomic response of human blood and ld-MAIT cells to TCR signals (E. coli or the pyrimidine ligand) and cytokines (IL-12+IL-18).	pyrimidine	134-144	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	106-109
32770088-2	2021	Both are nucleoside analog pro-drugs processed by pyrimidine metabolism into a deoxynucleotide analog that depletes the key epigenetic regulator DNA methyltranseferase 1 (DNMT1).	pyrimidine	50-60	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	145-169
32770088-2	2021	Both are nucleoside analog pro-drugs processed by pyrimidine metabolism into a deoxynucleotide analog that depletes the key epigenetic regulator DNA methyltranseferase 1 (DNMT1).	pyrimidine	50-60	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
33460737-1	2021	Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting enzymatic step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis, has broad immunosuppressive effects in vivo and shows promise as a therapeutic target for the treatment of malignancies, viral infections and auto-immune diseases.	pyrimidine	96-106	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	14-42
33460737-1	2021	Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting enzymatic step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis, has broad immunosuppressive effects in vivo and shows promise as a therapeutic target for the treatment of malignancies, viral infections and auto-immune diseases.	pyrimidine	96-106	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	44-49
33406218-1	2021	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme required for de novo pyrimidine synthesis and it is suggested as a target for COVID19 treatment due to high pyrimidine demand by the virus replication in the infected host cells as well as its proven effect of blocking of cytokine release by the immune cells to prevent inflammation leading to acute respiratory distress.	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
33406218-1	2021	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme required for de novo pyrimidine synthesis and it is suggested as a target for COVID19 treatment due to high pyrimidine demand by the virus replication in the infected host cells as well as its proven effect of blocking of cytokine release by the immune cells to prevent inflammation leading to acute respiratory distress.	pyrimidine	161-171	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
33547171-0	2021	Functional Analysis of Immune Signature Genes in Th1* Memory Cells Links ISOC1 and Pyrimidine Metabolism to IFN-gamma and IL-17 Production.	pyrimidine	83-93	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	108-117
33581551-0	2021	Structure-based design of highly selective 2,4,5-trisubstituted pyrimidine CDK9 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents.	pyrimidine	64-74	cyclin dependent kinase 9	Homo sapiens	75-79
33547171-0	2021	Functional Analysis of Immune Signature Genes in Th1* Memory Cells Links ISOC1 and Pyrimidine Metabolism to IFN-gamma and IL-17 Production.	pyrimidine	83-93	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	122-127
33547171-6	2021	ISOC1-depleted T cells, which produced less IFN-gamma and IL-17, displayed defects in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and impairment of pyrimidine metabolic pathway.	pyrimidine	145-155	isochorismatase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33547171-7	2021	Supplementation with extracellular pyrimidines rescued both bioenergetics and IFN-gamma production in ISOC1-deficient T cells, indicating that pyrimidine metabolism is a key driver of effector functions in CD4+ T cells and Th1* cells.	pyrimidine	35-45	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	78-87
33547171-7	2021	Supplementation with extracellular pyrimidines rescued both bioenergetics and IFN-gamma production in ISOC1-deficient T cells, indicating that pyrimidine metabolism is a key driver of effector functions in CD4+ T cells and Th1* cells.	pyrimidine	35-45	isochorismatase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
33486159-0	2021	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of pyrimidine derivatives as potent and orally active FGFR3 inhibitors with both increased systemic exposure and enhanced in vitro potency.	pyrimidine	50-60	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Homo sapiens	101-106
33709051-1	2021	Background: Capecitabine is a pyrimidine antimetabolite that inhibits thymidylate synthase and is commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer.	pyrimidine	30-40	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	70-90
33515864-0	2021	Discovery and development of novel pyrimidine and pyrazolo/thieno-fused pyrimidine derivatives as potent and orally active inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization inhibitor with efficacy for arthritis.	pyrimidine	35-45	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-154
33670894-1	2021	Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, whose inhibition can induce differentiation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).	pyrimidine	68-78	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
33871438-4	2021	It has been shown recently that APE1 can act as an endoribonuclease that catalyzes mRNA hydrolysis at certain pyrimidine-purine sites and thus controls the level of certain transcripts.	pyrimidine	110-120	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
33670894-1	2021	Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, whose inhibition can induce differentiation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).	pyrimidine	68-78	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
33670894-2	2021	DHODH inhibitors had shown promising in vitro and in vivo activity on solid tumors, but their effectiveness was not confirmed in clinical trials, probably because cancer cells exploited the pyrimidine salvage pathway to survive.	pyrimidine	190-200	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-5
33670206-0	2021	Key Enzymes in Pyrimidine Synthesis, CAD and CPS1, Predict Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.	pyrimidine	15-25	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
33671824-10	2021	Downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in DNA replication, pyrimidine metabolism, and repair pathways, including BER, NER, and MMR.	pyrimidine	60-70	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
33681194-8	2021	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway analysis showed that the DEGs mainly regulated pathways in cancer, cell cycle, pyrimidine metabolism, and the mTOR signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	141-151	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	172-176
33417760-0	2021	A Mitochondrial Orthologue of the dNTP Triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 Is Essential and Controls Pyrimidine Homeostasis in Trypanosoma brucei.	pyrimidine	92-102	SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	59-65
33635895-0	2021	Cloning and high-level expression of monomeric human superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and its interaction with pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	108-118	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	53-75
33635895-0	2021	Cloning and high-level expression of monomeric human superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and its interaction with pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	108-118	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
33635895-7	2021	To demonstrate the utility of this new SOD1 expression system for NMR-based drug screening, eight pyrimidine compounds were tested for binding to T2M4SOD1 by monitoring changes in their 1H NMR and/or 19F-NMR spectra.	pyrimidine	98-108	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
33716755-2	2020	Here, genetic capacity analysis of the pyrimidine pathway in insects and their symbionts revealed that dTTP is a kind of metabolic input in several host insect/obligate symbiont symbiosis systems, including Bemisia tabaci MED/Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum (hereafter Portiera).	pyrimidine	39-49	ttp	Drosophila melanogaster	103-107
33605856-3	2021	In consequence, there has been a growing interest in the nucleus of fused pyrimidine, which has diversified pharmacological activities, including diuretic, antimicrobial, antifolate, tyrosine kinase, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anthelminthic, and antiviral activities.	pyrimidine	74-84	TXK tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	183-198
32779873-1	2021	Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is an important drug target in the one-carbon metabolic pathway, since its activity is critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	167-177	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	14-47
32779873-1	2021	Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is an important drug target in the one-carbon metabolic pathway, since its activity is critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	167-177	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
33510132-4	2021	Here we show that expression of pyrimidine metabolic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is upregulated in OSCC tissues, compared to non-cancerous adjacent tissues.	pyrimidine	32-42	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	60-88
33293343-1	2021	LKB1-inactivated tumors are vulnerable to the disruption of pyrimidine metabolism, and leflunomide emerges as a therapeutic candidate because its active metabolite, A77-1726, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is essential for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	60-70	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	0-4
33293343-1	2021	LKB1-inactivated tumors are vulnerable to the disruption of pyrimidine metabolism, and leflunomide emerges as a therapeutic candidate because its active metabolite, A77-1726, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is essential for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	245-255	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	0-4
33047379-10	2021	Both mRNA pyrimidine tagging and re-adenylation are dependent on the same terminal-nucleotidyltransferases, CutA and CutB, and we show this is consistent with the in vitro activities of both enzymes.	pyrimidine	10-20	cutA divalent cation tolerance homolog	Homo sapiens	108-112
33510132-4	2021	Here we show that expression of pyrimidine metabolic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is upregulated in OSCC tissues, compared to non-cancerous adjacent tissues.	pyrimidine	32-42	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	90-95
33510132-7	2021	Further, loss of functional DHODH imped de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and disrupt mitochondrial respiration probably through destabilizing the MICOS complex.	pyrimidine	48-58	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	28-33
33483532-5	2021	Hits from thiadiazine and pyrimidine azepine chemotypes were subsequently prioritized for resistance selection studies, yielding distinct mutations in P. falciparum cytochrome b, a validated antimalarial drug target.	pyrimidine	26-36	CYTB	Plasmodium falciparum	165-177
33524369-2	2021	Following focal ultraviolet irradiation to create subnuclear spots of DNA damage, epidermal keratinocytes from VDR-null mice as well as human epidermal keratinocytes depleted of VDR with siRNA removed pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts more slowly than control cells.	pyrimidine	201-211	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	178-181
33507295-7	2021	Mechanistically, compared with KPT-330 alone, K+CS suppresses the expression of CRM1, Rad51, and thymidylate synthase proteins, leading to more efficient inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export, impairment of DNA-damage repair, reduced pyrimidine synthesis, cell-cycle arrest in S-phase, and cell apoptosis.	pyrimidine	239-249	exportin 1	Mus musculus	80-84
33507295-7	2021	Mechanistically, compared with KPT-330 alone, K+CS suppresses the expression of CRM1, Rad51, and thymidylate synthase proteins, leading to more efficient inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export, impairment of DNA-damage repair, reduced pyrimidine synthesis, cell-cycle arrest in S-phase, and cell apoptosis.	pyrimidine	239-249	thymidylate synthase	Mus musculus	97-117
33331782-5	2021	In this work, we used gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution to measure the excision of not only 8-hydroxyguanine but also that of the other major substrate of OGG1, i.e., 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, using genomic DNA with multiple purine- and pyrimidine-derived lesions.	pyrimidine	232-242	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	187-191
33477638-1	2021	Cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase II (NT5C2) is a highly regulated enzyme involved in the maintenance of intracellular purine and the pyrimidine compound pool.	pyrimidine	126-136	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	30-35
33614235-6	2021	The crystal structures of thrombin complexes with three selected modified variants revealed that the modified pyrimidine base invariably allocates in proximity to thrombin residues Tyr76 and Ile82 due to the directing role of the unmodified TT loop.	pyrimidine	110-120	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	26-34
33614235-6	2021	The crystal structures of thrombin complexes with three selected modified variants revealed that the modified pyrimidine base invariably allocates in proximity to thrombin residues Tyr76 and Ile82 due to the directing role of the unmodified TT loop.	pyrimidine	110-120	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	163-171
32834115-5	2021	Our Structural and physico-chemical interpretation (SPCI) analysis suggested that heterocyclic nucleus like diazole, furan and pyridine have clear positive contribution while, thiophen, thiazole and pyrimidine may exhibit negative contribution to the SARS-CoV Mpro inhibition.	pyrimidine	199-209	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	260-264
33326752-5	2021	We show that silencing SHMT1 in cells with low RFC expression impairs pyrimidine biosynthesis and tumor growth in vivo.	pyrimidine	70-80	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
32268871-11	2021	Further molecular docking study indicated that the introduction of pyrimidine could improve GA"s binding affinity to IKKbeta.	pyrimidine	67-77	component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex	Homo sapiens	117-124
32698735-2	2021	This research reports the in-silico, synthesis, and in-vitro study of novel pyrimidine derivatives as EGFR inhibitors.	pyrimidine	76-86	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	102-106
33120310-2	2021	These metabolites are known to be significant biomarkers of pyrimidine synthesis during the development of DHODH inhibitor drugs for treatment of several cancers and immunological disorders.	pyrimidine	60-70	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	107-112
32698735-0	2021	Design, Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives as EGFR Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	62-72	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	88-92
33403027-9	2021	Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis showed that cases of HNSCC with FOXD1 overexpression were enriched in bladder cancer, cell cycle, DNA replication, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis chondroitin sulfate, homologous recombination, glycan biosynthesis, nucleotide excision repair, p53 signaling pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, and spliceosome pathways.	pyrimidine	304-314	forkhead box D1	Homo sapiens	71-76
32945576-0	2021	Biscoumarin-pyrimidine conjugates as potent anticancer agents and binding mechanism of hit candidate with human serum albumin.	pyrimidine	12-22	albumin	Homo sapiens	112-125
33277782-4	2021	Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed an association of EZH2 expression with the cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, p53 signalling and pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	146-156	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-60
33948042-4	2021	It has been shown recently that APE1 can act as an endoribonuclease that catalyzes mRNA hydrolysis at certain pyrimidine-purine sites and thus controls the level of certain transcripts.	pyrimidine	110-120	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
33509441-9	2021	We found that timed-alternation of decitabine with the related molecule 5-azacytidine, and combination with inhibitors of CDA and de novo pyrimidine synthesis could leverage feedback responses of pyrimidine metabolism to substantially increase lymphoma cytoreduction but with less neutropenia.	pyrimidine	196-206	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	122-125
33277463-1	2020	Up-regulation of Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), a rate-limiting enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, has been suggested in HCC, but the detailed molecular mechanisms and therapic role of UCK2 remain elusive.	pyrimidine	81-91	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	17-42
33215924-8	2020	The >100-fold lower activity of 19g on STK17B was attributed to the reduced basicity of its pyrimidine N1.	pyrimidine	92-102	serine/threonine kinase 17b	Homo sapiens	39-45
33297567-1	2020	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a mitochondrial monotopic membrane protein that plays an essential role in the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis and electron transport chain pathways.	pyrimidine	119-129	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
32900849-4	2020	These mechanisms are the inhibition of a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, DHODH, and the blockage of uridine transport into cells.	pyrimidine	67-77	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	97-102
33277463-1	2020	Up-regulation of Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), a rate-limiting enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, has been suggested in HCC, but the detailed molecular mechanisms and therapic role of UCK2 remain elusive.	pyrimidine	81-91	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
33176741-3	2020	Our previous studies demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) induced differentiation of monocytic cell lines by activating the ATR/Chk1 via pyrimidine depletion.	pyrimidine	172-182	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	159-162
33344638-2	2020	ENT2 mediates the uptake of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobase besides transporting a variety of nucleoside-derived drugs, mostly in anticancer therapy.	pyrimidine	39-49	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
33189994-1	2020	In this study, various N-heterocyclic nitro prodrugs (NHN1-16) containing pyrimidine, triazine and piperazine rings were designed and synthesized.	pyrimidine	74-84	zinc finger CCCH-type containing 18	Homo sapiens	54-58
32661439-4	2020	Using genome editing methods, we disrupt uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS) in the pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathway in cell lines, pluripotent cells and primary human T cells.	pyrimidine	88-98	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	41-73
32661439-4	2020	Using genome editing methods, we disrupt uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS) in the pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathway in cell lines, pluripotent cells and primary human T cells.	pyrimidine	88-98	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	75-79
32915560-4	2020	Although a less lipophilic pyrimidine analog, PYR-1gP (clogP = 3.30), gave positive results in computational docking, it unexpectedly presented greatly diminished binding to PKC in vitro.	pyrimidine	27-37	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	174-177
31809612-0	2020	Reprofiling of pyrimidine-based DAPK1/CSF1R dual inhibitors: identification of 2,5-diamino-4-pyrimidinol derivatives as novel potential anticancer lead compounds.	pyrimidine	15-25	death associated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	32-37
31809612-0	2020	Reprofiling of pyrimidine-based DAPK1/CSF1R dual inhibitors: identification of 2,5-diamino-4-pyrimidinol derivatives as novel potential anticancer lead compounds.	pyrimidine	15-25	colony stimulating factor 1 receptor	Mus musculus	38-43
33257855-2	2020	We previously demonstrated perturbed nitrogen metabolism and addiction to an unconventional pathway of pyrimidine synthesis in KRAS/LKB1 co-mutant cancer cells.	pyrimidine	103-113	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	127-131
33257855-2	2020	We previously demonstrated perturbed nitrogen metabolism and addiction to an unconventional pathway of pyrimidine synthesis in KRAS/LKB1 co-mutant cancer cells.	pyrimidine	103-113	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	132-136
32661432-2	2020	PTEN-deficient cells depend on de novo pyrimidine synthesis, a feature that can present a vulnerability.	pyrimidine	39-49	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	0-4
33201894-10	2020	Our in vivo data indicate that while inhibition of DHODH caused a dramatic reduction in pyrimidines in tumor cells, it did not affect the overall pyrimidine levels in normal brain and liver tissues, suggesting that pyrimidine production by the salvage pathway may play an important role in maintaining these nucleotides in normal cells.	pyrimidine	88-98	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	51-56
32877741-1	2020	Hybridisation of amino-pyrimidine based SYK inhibitors (e.g. 1a) with previously reported diamine-based SYK inhibitors (e.g. TAK-659) led to the identification and optimisation of a novel pyrimidine-based series of potent and selective SYK inhibitors, where the original aminomethylene group was replaced by a 3,4-diaminotetrahydropyran group.	pyrimidine	23-33	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	40-43
33176741-3	2020	Our previous studies demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) induced differentiation of monocytic cell lines by activating the ATR/Chk1 via pyrimidine depletion.	pyrimidine	172-182	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
33180421-18	2020	GSEA showed that genes in high expression group of SLC19A1 were enriched in KEGG pathways, including "Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism", "Oxidative phosphorylation", "Aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis", "Base excision repair", "Pyrimidine metabolism" and "Proteasome".	pyrimidine	229-239	solute carrier family 19 member 1	Homo sapiens	51-58
33001080-1	2020	A novel expanded metal-organic framework (UTSA-111a) with functional pyrimidine sites exhibits simultaneously high gravimetric and volumetric methane storage working capacities of 309 cm3 (STP) g-1 and 183 cm3 (STP) cm-3 at 298 K and 5.8-65 bar.	pyrimidine	69-79	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	189-192
33001080-1	2020	A novel expanded metal-organic framework (UTSA-111a) with functional pyrimidine sites exhibits simultaneously high gravimetric and volumetric methane storage working capacities of 309 cm3 (STP) g-1 and 183 cm3 (STP) cm-3 at 298 K and 5.8-65 bar.	pyrimidine	69-79	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 3	Homo sapiens	194-209
33001080-1	2020	A novel expanded metal-organic framework (UTSA-111a) with functional pyrimidine sites exhibits simultaneously high gravimetric and volumetric methane storage working capacities of 309 cm3 (STP) g-1 and 183 cm3 (STP) cm-3 at 298 K and 5.8-65 bar.	pyrimidine	69-79	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	211-214
32784087-1	2020	We report herein the synthesis of novel ring-fused pyrazoloamino pyridine/pyrimidine derivatives as potential FAK inhibitors and the evaluation of pharmaceutical activity against five cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BXPC-3, NCI-H1975, DU145 and 786O).	pyrimidine	74-84	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	110-113
33172169-2	2020	In this study, we prepared a small set of pyrimidine libraries based on the structure of two hit compounds that were identified through the screening of an in-house library in order to identify an inhibitor of anoctamin 1 (ANO1).	pyrimidine	42-52	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	210-221
33172169-2	2020	In this study, we prepared a small set of pyrimidine libraries based on the structure of two hit compounds that were identified through the screening of an in-house library in order to identify an inhibitor of anoctamin 1 (ANO1).	pyrimidine	42-52	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	223-227
33172169-6	2020	Our results open a new direction for the development of small-molecule ANO1 blockers composed of a pyrimidine scaffold and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moiety, with drug-like properties.	pyrimidine	99-109	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
33060568-1	2020	As a key enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the expression level of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been reported to be elevated in various types of malignant tumors and its tumor-promoting effect was considered to relate to its pyrimidine synthesis function.	pyrimidine	27-37	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	76-104
33115417-13	2020	Additionally, cell cycle, pyrimidine metabolism, DNA replication, p53 signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, the citrate cycle TCA cycle may be the key pathway by which E2F2 participates in the initial and progression of HCC.	pyrimidine	26-36	E2F transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	181-185
33007532-2	2020	We further monitored the expression of AtPYD1 gene (orthologous to rice OsDHODH1 involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis) in atbzip62 knock-out (KO) plants in order to investigate the transcriptional interplay of AtbZIP62 and AtPYD1.	pyrimidine	97-107	pyrimidine 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-45
33120841-2	2020	Decitabine (DAC) is a pyrimidine analogue of the nucleoside cytidine, which can lead to injury to endothelium.	pyrimidine	22-32	arylacetamide deacetylase	Homo sapiens	12-15
33060568-1	2020	As a key enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the expression level of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been reported to be elevated in various types of malignant tumors and its tumor-promoting effect was considered to relate to its pyrimidine synthesis function.	pyrimidine	27-37	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	106-111
33060568-1	2020	As a key enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the expression level of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been reported to be elevated in various types of malignant tumors and its tumor-promoting effect was considered to relate to its pyrimidine synthesis function.	pyrimidine	246-256	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	76-104
33060568-1	2020	As a key enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the expression level of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been reported to be elevated in various types of malignant tumors and its tumor-promoting effect was considered to relate to its pyrimidine synthesis function.	pyrimidine	246-256	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	106-111
33060568-6	2020	Collectively, our study highlights the pivotal role of DHODH mediated beta-catenin signaling and indicates that DHODH may act as a multi-functional switcher from catalyzing pyrimidine metabolism to regulating tumor-related signaling pathways in ESCC.	pyrimidine	173-183	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-82
33060568-6	2020	Collectively, our study highlights the pivotal role of DHODH mediated beta-catenin signaling and indicates that DHODH may act as a multi-functional switcher from catalyzing pyrimidine metabolism to regulating tumor-related signaling pathways in ESCC.	pyrimidine	173-183	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	112-117
32829163-3	2020	Our previous high-throughput cell-based assay specific for CXCR2 has identified a pyrimidine-based compound CX797 acting on CXCR2 down-stream signaling.	pyrimidine	82-92	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
32829163-3	2020	Our previous high-throughput cell-based assay specific for CXCR2 has identified a pyrimidine-based compound CX797 acting on CXCR2 down-stream signaling.	pyrimidine	82-92	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
32679450-0	2020	Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of novel thiophene-pyrimidine derivatives as EGFR inhibitors overcoming T790M and L858R/T790M mutations.	pyrimidine	60-70	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	86-90
32461667-1	2020	PURPOSE: Pathogenic autosomal recessive variants in CAD, encoding the multienzymatic protein initiating pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, cause a severe inborn metabolic disorder treatable with a dietary supplement of uridine.	pyrimidine	104-114	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
32820246-1	2020	PURPOSE: Biallelic CAD variants underlie CAD deficiency (or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-50, [EIEE-50]), an error of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis amenable to treatment via the uridine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	129-139	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
32008178-10	2020	Our findings indicate that proxalutamide has inhibitory effects on glutamine metabolism, redox homeostasis and de novo pyrimidine synthesis in AR-positive PCa cells that enhance the cellular sensitivity to proxalutamide.	pyrimidine	119-129	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	143-145
32974014-6	2020	Treatment with the allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin abrogates CAD phosphorylation and pyrimidine synthesis induced by formate.	pyrimidine	91-101	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	30-36
32787102-0	2020	Superior Pyrimidine Derivatives as Selective ABCG2 Inhibitors and Broad-spectrum ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 Antagonists.	pyrimidine	9-19	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-50
32865967-5	2020	Molecular docking studies with CRBN and GSPT1 followed by analog synthesis identified a possible hydrogen bond interaction with the central pyrimidine ring as a molecular determinant of hit compounds" selectivity.	pyrimidine	140-150	cereblon	Homo sapiens	31-35
32865967-5	2020	Molecular docking studies with CRBN and GSPT1 followed by analog synthesis identified a possible hydrogen bond interaction with the central pyrimidine ring as a molecular determinant of hit compounds" selectivity.	pyrimidine	140-150	G1 to S phase transition 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
32974014-0	2020	The conversion of formate into purines stimulates mTORC1 leading to CAD-dependent activation of pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	96-106	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	50-56
32974014-0	2020	The conversion of formate into purines stimulates mTORC1 leading to CAD-dependent activation of pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	96-106	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
32974014-8	2020	Conclusions: We conclude that formate activates mTORC1 and induces pyrimidine synthesis via the mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of CAD.	pyrimidine	67-77	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	96-102
32974014-8	2020	Conclusions: We conclude that formate activates mTORC1 and induces pyrimidine synthesis via the mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of CAD.	pyrimidine	67-77	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
32638267-7	2020	Moreover, we found that hypo-DNA methylation, DNA amplification, and TP53 mutation were contributing to the high expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes in lung cancer cells.	pyrimidine	134-144	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	69-73
32962260-0	2020	Controlled Release of Pyrimidine Compound Using Polymeric Coated ZIF-8 Metal-Organic Framework as Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Carrier.	pyrimidine	22-32	glucagon	Homo sapiens	98-121
32962260-1	2020	This work demonstrates synthetic strategies for the incorporation of a synthesized pyrimidine glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist into alginate-coated ZIF-8.	pyrimidine	83-93	glucagon	Homo sapiens	94-117
32962260-1	2020	This work demonstrates synthetic strategies for the incorporation of a synthesized pyrimidine glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist into alginate-coated ZIF-8.	pyrimidine	83-93	glucagon	Homo sapiens	119-124
32962260-2	2020	The prepared pyrimidine GLP-1 agonist used for the treatment of diabetes type II, was trapped inside polymer coated ZIF-8.	pyrimidine	13-23	glucagon	Homo sapiens	24-29
32830091-4	2020	PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured the relative expression levels of three pyrimidine-metabolizing genes-thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD)-in tumor tissue and adjacent normal-appearing mucosa in 50 colon cancer (CC) patients using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.	pyrimidine	74-84	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	104-124
32830091-4	2020	PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured the relative expression levels of three pyrimidine-metabolizing genes-thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD)-in tumor tissue and adjacent normal-appearing mucosa in 50 colon cancer (CC) patients using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.	pyrimidine	74-84	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	126-130
32830091-4	2020	PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured the relative expression levels of three pyrimidine-metabolizing genes-thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD)-in tumor tissue and adjacent normal-appearing mucosa in 50 colon cancer (CC) patients using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.	pyrimidine	74-84	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	133-156
32830091-4	2020	PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured the relative expression levels of three pyrimidine-metabolizing genes-thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD)-in tumor tissue and adjacent normal-appearing mucosa in 50 colon cancer (CC) patients using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	202-206
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	deoxythymidylate kinase	Homo sapiens	98-103
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	105-109
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2	Homo sapiens	111-115
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	122-126
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
32638267-11	2020	Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.	pyrimidine	50-60	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	145-148
32974194-7	2020	To circumvent this, NQO1-bioactivatable agents have been shown to synergize with PARP1 inhibitors, pyrimidine radiosensitizers, and IR.	pyrimidine	99-109	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
32807821-1	2020	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency causes pyrimidine pool disequilibrium.	pyrimidine	43-53	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-18
32807821-1	2020	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency causes pyrimidine pool disequilibrium.	pyrimidine	43-53	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	20-23
32497962-0	2020	Pyrimidine: A promising scaffold for optimization to develop the inhibitors of ABC transporters.	pyrimidine	0-10	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-82
32422489-0	2020	Exploration of carbamide derived pyrimidine-thioindole conjugates as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors with anti-angiogenesis effect.	pyrimidine	33-43	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	79-86
32497962-5	2020	In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that pyrimidine-based derivatives have the potential for reversing ABC-mediated MDR.	pyrimidine	58-68	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	120-123
32497962-6	2020	In this review, we summarized the pyrimidine-based inhibitors of ABC transporters, and mainly focused on their structure optimizations, development strategies and structure-activity relationship studies in hope of providing a reference for medicinal chemists to develop new modulators of MDR with highly potency and fewer side effects.	pyrimidine	34-44	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	65-68
32850106-4	2020	DHODH is crucial for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is the only mitochondrial enzyme in this pathway, thus conferring a link between inflammation, mitochondrial activity and axonal integrity.	pyrimidine	29-39	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-5
32793904-2	2020	Here, we describe the anti-COVID-19 potential of PTC299, an orally available compound that is a potent inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	194-204	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	146-151
32851035-9	2020	The top 10 canonical pathways generated, using a fold-change -1.5 and 1.5 cutoff, with the 50 differentially abundant-metabolites were purine nucleotide degradation and de novo biosynthesis, sirtuin signaling pathway, citrulline-nitric oxide cycle, salvage pathways of pyrimidine DNA, IL-1 signaling, iNOS, Angiogenesis, PI3K/AKT signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation.	pyrimidine	269-279	inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	301-305
32851035-9	2020	The top 10 canonical pathways generated, using a fold-change -1.5 and 1.5 cutoff, with the 50 differentially abundant-metabolites were purine nucleotide degradation and de novo biosynthesis, sirtuin signaling pathway, citrulline-nitric oxide cycle, salvage pathways of pyrimidine DNA, IL-1 signaling, iNOS, Angiogenesis, PI3K/AKT signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation.	pyrimidine	269-279	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	326-329
32684109-5	2021	Thus, we systematically applied the computational techniques to identify the plausible inhibitor from a chosen set of well characterized diaryl pyrimidine analogues which may disrupt interfacial interaction of spike glycoprotein (S) at the surface of hACE2.	pyrimidine	144-154	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	251-256
32493820-4	2020	Furthermore, we demonstrated that the C351G mutation of IRES causes a temperature-dependent translation defect by impairing its binding to cellular pyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), resulting in the ts&att phenotypes of FMDV.	pyrimidine	148-158	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	182-185
32493820-10	2020	Here, by structure-function study of the FMDV internal ribosome entry site (IRES), we find that the C351 mutation of the IRES confers FMDV with an ideal temperature-sensitive attenuation phenotype by decreasing its interaction with cellular pyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) to cause IRES-mediated temperature-dependent translation defects.	pyrimidine	241-251	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	275-278
32751087-4	2020	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors, which block de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, have antiviral activity against viruses from different families, including Arenaviridae, the taxonomic home of mammarenaviruses.	pyrimidine	69-79	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
32678884-4	2020	Both in vitro and in human A549 cells, appending a 3"-end single-stranded pyrimidine (3"-ssPy) can strongly enhance OAS1 activation or have no effect depending on its location, suggesting that other dsRNA features are necessary for correct presentation of the motif to OAS1.	pyrimidine	74-84	2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
32678884-4	2020	Both in vitro and in human A549 cells, appending a 3"-end single-stranded pyrimidine (3"-ssPy) can strongly enhance OAS1 activation or have no effect depending on its location, suggesting that other dsRNA features are necessary for correct presentation of the motif to OAS1.	pyrimidine	74-84	2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	269-273
32684109-7	2021	Thus, pyrimidine derivative AP-NP may be explored as an effective inhibitor for hACE2-S complex.	pyrimidine	6-16	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	141-151	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	109-116
32516529-8	2020	That oxidation of the enzyme by dioxygen can be suppressed by the addition of pyrimidine, is consistent with these electrons residing on the FMN.	pyrimidine	78-88	formin 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
32516529-10	2020	During this phase no net reduction of DPD cofactors is observed indicating that the entire cofactor set acts as a wire, transmitting electrons from NADPH to the pyrimidine rapidly.	pyrimidine	161-171	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
32516529-11	2020	This indicates that the availability of the proton from C671 general acid controls the transmittance of electrons from NADPH to the pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	132-142	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
32516529-12	2020	Acid quench and HPLC product analysis of single-turnover reactions with limiting NADPH confirmed 2:1, NADPH:pyrimidine stoichiometry for the enzyme accounting for successive activation and pyrimidine reduction.	pyrimidine	108-118	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
32516529-12	2020	Acid quench and HPLC product analysis of single-turnover reactions with limiting NADPH confirmed 2:1, NADPH:pyrimidine stoichiometry for the enzyme accounting for successive activation and pyrimidine reduction.	pyrimidine	108-118	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
32516529-12	2020	Acid quench and HPLC product analysis of single-turnover reactions with limiting NADPH confirmed 2:1, NADPH:pyrimidine stoichiometry for the enzyme accounting for successive activation and pyrimidine reduction.	pyrimidine	189-199	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
32516529-12	2020	Acid quench and HPLC product analysis of single-turnover reactions with limiting NADPH confirmed 2:1, NADPH:pyrimidine stoichiometry for the enzyme accounting for successive activation and pyrimidine reduction.	pyrimidine	189-199	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	141-151	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	141-151	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	141-151	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	248-253
32685812-0	2020	Discovery of Triazolo-pyridazine/-pyrimidine Derivatives Bearing Aromatic (Heterocycle)-Coupled Azole Units as Class II c-Met Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	34-44	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	120-125
32685812-1	2020	Two series of novel triazolo-pyridazine/-pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against c-Met kinase, as well as three c-Met overexpressed cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and HeLa) and one normal human hepatocytes cell line LO2 in vitro.	pyrimidine	41-51	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-149
32572069-6	2020	Using this assay, we identified three molecules that impair EAV infection in equine cells: the broad-spectrum antiviral and nucleoside analog ribavirin, and two compounds previously described as inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	272-282	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Equus caballus	239-244
32490447-2	2020	Herein, we explore the microhydration structure in mass-selected protonated pyrimidine-water clusters (H+Pym-Wn, n = 1-4) by a combination of infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (IRPD) between 2450 and 3900 cm-1 and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the dispersion-corrected B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level.	pyrimidine	76-86	PYM homolog 1, exon junction complex associated factor	Homo sapiens	105-108
31540548-6	2020	Furthermore, we have pro-vided evidence that the pyrimidine analogs exerted anti-GPC activity via thymineless death by inhibition of thy-midylate synthetase (Thy A) and/or inhibition of RNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidylate synthetase	Staphylococcus aureus	133-156
31540548-6	2020	Furthermore, we have pro-vided evidence that the pyrimidine analogs exerted anti-GPC activity via thymineless death by inhibition of thy-midylate synthetase (Thy A) and/or inhibition of RNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidylate synthetase	Staphylococcus aureus	158-163
32330024-0	2020	Design, Synthesis, and Anti-ToCV Activity of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives Bearing Dithioacetal Moiety that Targets ToCV Coat Protein.	pyrimidine	51-61	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	120-132
32151633-1	2020	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway that provides nucleotides for RNA/DNA synthesis essential for proliferation.	pyrimidine	65-75	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	270-280	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	109-116
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	270-280	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	270-280	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	270-280	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	248-253
32151633-1	2020	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway that provides nucleotides for RNA/DNA synthesis essential for proliferation.	pyrimidine	65-75	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
32253095-1	2020	Herein, we disclose a new series of TYK2/ JAK1 inhibitors based upon a 3.1.0 azabicyclic substituted pyrimidine scaffold.	pyrimidine	101-111	tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
32334196-2	2020	Optimization at the C2 and C4-positions of pyrimidine ring of Cerdulatinib led to the discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-5-carboxamide based JAK3 selective inhibitor (11i).	pyrimidine	43-53	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	174-178
32551016-1	2020	Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is a potential synthetic lethal target in LKB1-deficient nonsmall cell lung cancer, where its overexpression supports the production of pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	176-186	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
32551016-1	2020	Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is a potential synthetic lethal target in LKB1-deficient nonsmall cell lung cancer, where its overexpression supports the production of pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	176-186	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
32253095-1	2020	Herein, we disclose a new series of TYK2/ JAK1 inhibitors based upon a 3.1.0 azabicyclic substituted pyrimidine scaffold.	pyrimidine	101-111	Janus kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
32278710-0	2020	Structure-based drug design of 1,3,5-triazine and pyrimidine derivatives as novel FGFR3 inhibitors with high selectivity over VEGFR2.	pyrimidine	50-60	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Homo sapiens	82-87
32278710-0	2020	Structure-based drug design of 1,3,5-triazine and pyrimidine derivatives as novel FGFR3 inhibitors with high selectivity over VEGFR2.	pyrimidine	50-60	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	126-132
32278710-2	2020	We identified 1,3,5-triazine derivative 18b and pyrimidine derivative 40a as novel structures with potent and highly selective FGFR3 inhibitory activity over vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) using a structure-based drug design (SBDD) approach.	pyrimidine	48-58	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Homo sapiens	127-132
32278710-2	2020	We identified 1,3,5-triazine derivative 18b and pyrimidine derivative 40a as novel structures with potent and highly selective FGFR3 inhibitory activity over vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) using a structure-based drug design (SBDD) approach.	pyrimidine	48-58	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	158-203
32278710-2	2020	We identified 1,3,5-triazine derivative 18b and pyrimidine derivative 40a as novel structures with potent and highly selective FGFR3 inhibitory activity over vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) using a structure-based drug design (SBDD) approach.	pyrimidine	48-58	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	205-211
32170319-2	2020	In this latter process, PTB promotes viral translation by interacting extensively with complex structured regions in the 5"-untranslated regions of viral RNAs at pyrimidine-rich targets located in single strand and hairpin regions.	pyrimidine	162-172	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
32170319-5	2020	Although alpha3 does not mediate any contacts to the RNA, it acts as a sensor of RNA secondary structure, suggesting a role for RRM1 in detecting pyrimidine tracts in the context of structured RNA.	pyrimidine	146-156	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	128-132
32426367-1	2020	The multiple sclerosis therapeutic teriflunomide is known to block the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine in mitochondria by inhibiting the enzyme dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase (DHODH).	pyrimidine	92-102	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	144-172
32426367-1	2020	The multiple sclerosis therapeutic teriflunomide is known to block the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine in mitochondria by inhibiting the enzyme dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase (DHODH).	pyrimidine	92-102	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	174-179
32317865-1	2020	Background: Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that is up-regulated in malignant tissues and elevated in the serum of cancer patients.	pyrimidine	42-52	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	12-30
32212728-1	2020	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, is a target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis and is re-emerging as an attractive target for cancer therapy.	pyrimidine	69-79	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	6-34
32212728-1	2020	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, is a target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis and is re-emerging as an attractive target for cancer therapy.	pyrimidine	69-79	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-41
32317865-1	2020	Background: Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that is up-regulated in malignant tissues and elevated in the serum of cancer patients.	pyrimidine	42-52	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
32017919-2	2020	In cancer, CPS1 overexpression supports pyrimidine synthesis to promote tumor growth in some cancer types, while in others CPS1 activity prevents the buildup of toxic levels of intratumoral ammonia to allow for sustained tumor growth.	pyrimidine	40-50	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
32300196-6	2020	Pathway analysis showed that pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways amongst several others to be enriched after tGCI in CA1 and CA3.	pyrimidine	29-39	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
32300196-6	2020	Pathway analysis showed that pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways amongst several others to be enriched after tGCI in CA1 and CA3.	pyrimidine	29-39	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
32550993-4	2020	The chemically tuned weak reactivity of CFA was suitable for the design of third-generation EGFR inhibitors that possess the pyrimidine scaffold.	pyrimidine	125-135	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	92-96
31709511-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Thus, the guanidine-modified BS-pyrimidine derivatives have the potential to be developed into novel anti-HSV agents targeting both virus gB protein and cellular PI3K/Akt pathway.	pyrimidine	62-72	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	197-200
31377845-7	2020	Our data indicate that DCTPP1 is crucially involved in the provision of dCMP for thymidylate biosynthesis, introducing a new player in the regulation of pyrimidine dNTP levels and the maintenance of genomic integrity.	pyrimidine	153-163	dCTP pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
32231306-2	2020	The inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with leflunomide impacts nucleotide pools by reducing pyrimidine levels.	pyrimidine	109-119	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Danio rerio	18-46
32231306-2	2020	The inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with leflunomide impacts nucleotide pools by reducing pyrimidine levels.	pyrimidine	109-119	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Danio rerio	48-53
32103170-0	2020	MUC1 oncoprotein mitigates ER stress via CDA-mediated reprogramming of pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	71-81	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
32103170-0	2020	MUC1 oncoprotein mitigates ER stress via CDA-mediated reprogramming of pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	71-81	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-44
32103170-7	2020	Inhibition of either the CDA or pyrimidine metabolic pathway diminished survival in MUC1-expressing cancer cells upon ER stress induction.	pyrimidine	32-42	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	84-88
32317150-8	2020	Our work links CTPS with P5CS, two enzymes involved in the rate-limiting steps in pyrimidine and proline biosynthesis, respectively.	pyrimidine	82-92	CTP synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	15-19
32200911-1	2020	Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) drives ammonia conversion to carbamoyl phosphate, and its overexpression supports pyrimidine synthesis and tumor growth, highlighting the potential of CPS1 inhibition as a therapeutic target.	pyrimidine	122-132	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
32200911-1	2020	Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) drives ammonia conversion to carbamoyl phosphate, and its overexpression supports pyrimidine synthesis and tumor growth, highlighting the potential of CPS1 inhibition as a therapeutic target.	pyrimidine	122-132	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
32200911-1	2020	Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) drives ammonia conversion to carbamoyl phosphate, and its overexpression supports pyrimidine synthesis and tumor growth, highlighting the potential of CPS1 inhibition as a therapeutic target.	pyrimidine	122-132	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	191-195
32017919-5	2020	CPS1 inhibitors are active in cellular assays, blocking both urea synthesis and CPS1 support of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, while having no activity against CPS2.	pyrimidine	100-110	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
32017919-5	2020	CPS1 inhibitors are active in cellular assays, blocking both urea synthesis and CPS1 support of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, while having no activity against CPS2.	pyrimidine	100-110	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
32044580-3	2020	The X-ray solved crystal structure of CA II in adduct with a representative uracil derivative provided insights on the binding mode to the target of such pyrimidine derivatives.	pyrimidine	154-164	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
32161189-5	2020	Transcriptome and metabolome studies revealed altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and purine/pyrimidine metabolism and increased expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase in PP2A-deficient B cells.	pyrimidine	105-115	protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), catalytic subunit, alpha isoform	Mus musculus	190-194
31914405-3	2020	FOXN1 belongs to a subset of the FOX family that recognizes an alternative forkhead-like (FHL) consensus sequence (GACGC), that is different from the more widely-recognized forkhead (FKH)  sequence RYAAAYA (R = purine, Y = pyrimidine).	pyrimidine	223-233	forkhead box N1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32032847-0	2020	Structure-based design and optimization of pyrimidine- and 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine-based matrix metalloproteinase-10/13 inhibitors via Dimroth rearrangement towards targeted polypharmacology.	pyrimidine	43-53	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	97-127
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	27-37	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	44-50
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	27-37	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	205-211
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	118-128	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	44-50
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	118-128	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	205-211
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	118-128	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	229-235
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	118-128	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	44-50
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	118-128	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	205-211
32032847-5	2020	Starting with a lead fused pyrimidine-based MMP-13 inhibitor with weak MMP-10 inhibition, a structure-based design of pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine scaffolds was rationalized to enhance activity against MMP-10 in parallel with MMP-13.	pyrimidine	118-128	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	229-235
31364707-5	2020	Its application to an empirical data set of the triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)-barrel superfamily suggests rapid evolution of protein-mediated pyrimidine biosynthesis, likely taking place after the RNA world.	pyrimidine	144-154	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	48-73
31364707-5	2020	Its application to an empirical data set of the triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)-barrel superfamily suggests rapid evolution of protein-mediated pyrimidine biosynthesis, likely taking place after the RNA world.	pyrimidine	144-154	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
32034120-2	2020	Here we demonstrate that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, effectively decreases proliferation of cancer cells via induction of replication and ribosomal stress in a p53- and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	105-115	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	39-67
31909966-1	2020	Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are antibacterial effector T cells that react to pyrimidines derived from bacterial riboflavin synthesis presented by the monomorphic molecule MR1.	pyrimidine	93-104	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Homo sapiens	187-190
31499527-7	2020	Mechanistic studies revealed that 10580 decreased pyrimidine nucleotide levels and enhanced SOX2 nuclear export by antagonizing the enzyme activity of DHODH, an essential enzyme for de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	50-60	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	151-156
32034120-2	2020	Here we demonstrate that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, effectively decreases proliferation of cancer cells via induction of replication and ribosomal stress in a p53- and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	105-115	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	69-74
32034120-2	2020	Here we demonstrate that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, effectively decreases proliferation of cancer cells via induction of replication and ribosomal stress in a p53- and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	105-115	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	242-245
32034120-2	2020	Here we demonstrate that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, effectively decreases proliferation of cancer cells via induction of replication and ribosomal stress in a p53- and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	105-115	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	251-270
32034120-2	2020	Here we demonstrate that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, effectively decreases proliferation of cancer cells via induction of replication and ribosomal stress in a p53- and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent manner.	pyrimidine	105-115	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	272-276
31870623-1	2020	The recycling activity of cytidine deaminase (CDA) within the pyrimidine salvage pathway is essential to DNA and RNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	62-72	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	26-44
32117025-1	2020	CAD encodes a multifunctional enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, and pyrimidine can be alternatively recycled from uridine.	pyrimidine	57-67	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
32117025-1	2020	CAD encodes a multifunctional enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, and pyrimidine can be alternatively recycled from uridine.	pyrimidine	86-96	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
31870623-1	2020	The recycling activity of cytidine deaminase (CDA) within the pyrimidine salvage pathway is essential to DNA and RNA synthesis.	pyrimidine	62-72	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	46-49
31608441-2	2020	The MAIT cell TCR recognises a pyrimidine ligand, derived from riboflavin synthesising bacteria, bound to MR1.	pyrimidine	31-41	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Homo sapiens	106-109
31744820-0	2020	Mevalonate Pathway Provides Ubiquinone to Maintain Pyrimidine Synthesis and Survival in p53-Deficient Cancer Cells Exposed to Metabolic Stress.	pyrimidine	51-61	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	88-91
31843459-6	2020	These explorations offered new clues to discover benzoxaborole fragment and pyrimidine scaffold as more effective BTK and JAK3 dual inhibitors.	pyrimidine	76-86	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	114-117
31755225-1	2020	A new class of pyrimidine derivatives were identified as potent protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).	pyrimidine	15-25	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	89-92
31843459-6	2020	These explorations offered new clues to discover benzoxaborole fragment and pyrimidine scaffold as more effective BTK and JAK3 dual inhibitors.	pyrimidine	76-86	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	122-126
32093976-8	2020	Enrichment analysis showed that these hub genes were primarily accumulated in "cell cycle", "p53 signaling pathway", "viral carcinogenesis", "pyrimidine metabolism" and "ubiquitin mediated proteolysis".	pyrimidine	142-152	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	93-96
31940495-4	2020	Here, we use biochemical analyses coupled with selective 2"-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) RNA structure probing to show that the N-terminal domain of AR binds a pyrimidine-rich motif in an unstructured region of SLNCR1.	pyrimidine	187-197	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	176-178
31940495-4	2020	Here, we use biochemical analyses coupled with selective 2"-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) RNA structure probing to show that the N-terminal domain of AR binds a pyrimidine-rich motif in an unstructured region of SLNCR1.	pyrimidine	187-197	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 673	Homo sapiens	238-244
31910901-2	2020	To begin to investigate how the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway fulfills the demand for dTTP, we determined the catalytic properties and structure of the key enzyme deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) that hydrolyzes dUTP to dUMP, the precursor of dTTP.	pyrimidine	32-42	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	212-219
32021853-4	2020	CPS1 downregulation is thought to play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis through an increased glutamine availability for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, which CAD catalyzes the first three steps for.	pyrimidine	126-136	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31841108-7	2019	Therapeutic inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme DHODH with leflunomide substantially impaired CRC liver metastatic colonization and hypoxic growth.	pyrimidine	30-40	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	61-66
33345608-6	2020	These genes were enriched in cell cycle, MAPK signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, pyrimidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and P53 signaling pathway activity, all of which are directly linked with the development of cancer.	pyrimidine	77-87	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	133-136
31954178-8	2020	77% bound to MR1 tetramers loaded with the pyrimidine intermediate 5-OP-RU.	pyrimidine	43-53	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Homo sapiens	13-16
32974616-8	2020	Signalling pathway analysis revealed the top five pathways to be metabolic, pyrimidine metabolism, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling and p53 signalling.	pyrimidine	76-86	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	217-220
31625572-6	2020	mTORC1 activated CAD, which promotes de novo pyrimidine synthesis, to sustain cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	45-55	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	0-6
31646478-1	2020	Purinergic signaling involves extracellular purines and pyrimidines acting upon specific cell surface purinoceptors classified into the P1, P2X, and P2Y families for nucleosides and nucleotides.	pyrimidine	56-67	zinc finger protein 185	Mus musculus	136-143
32828637-11	2020	Non-PPP alternations were also noted involving tryptophan, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism for both TKT and TALDO deficient patients.	pyrimidine	71-81	transketolase	Homo sapiens	102-105
32828637-11	2020	Non-PPP alternations were also noted involving tryptophan, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism for both TKT and TALDO deficient patients.	pyrimidine	71-81	transaldolase 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
32002519-0	2020	MCT4 regulates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in GBM in a lactate-independent manner.	pyrimidine	23-33	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
32002519-6	2020	Mechanistically, we observed that MCT4 depletion induces anaplerotic glutaminolysis and abrogates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	106-116	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	34-38
31997698-0	2020	The multienzymatic protein CAD leading the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines localizes exclusively in the cytoplasm and does not translocate to the nucleus.	pyrimidine	67-78	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
31997698-1	2020	CAD, the multienzymatic protein that initiates and controls the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, plays a major role in nucleotide homeostasis, cell growth and proliferation.	pyrimidine	88-99	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
31997699-1	2020	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is functionally connected to the respiratory chain via its lipophilic co-substrate, ubiquinone Q10.	pyrimidine	154-164	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	6-34
31997699-1	2020	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is functionally connected to the respiratory chain via its lipophilic co-substrate, ubiquinone Q10.	pyrimidine	154-164	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-41
32043431-0	2020	The pathway to pyrimidines: The essential focus on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial enzyme coupled to the respiratory chain.	pyrimidine	15-26	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	51-79
30882176-3	2019	Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase1 (MTHFD1) is involved in the synthesis of purine, pyrimidine, and methionine.	pyrimidine	90-100	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	0-40
30882176-3	2019	Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase1 (MTHFD1) is involved in the synthesis of purine, pyrimidine, and methionine.	pyrimidine	90-100	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
31706682-1	2020	A new class of pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential dual FAK and EGFRT790M inhibitors using a fragment-based drug design strategy.	pyrimidine	15-25	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	86-89
32452003-2	2020	Schistosoma mansoni has all the pathways for pyrimidine biosynthesis, which include the thymidylate cycle and, consequentially, the DHFR enzyme.	pyrimidine	45-55	dihydrofolate reductase	Schistosoma mansoni	132-136
31559909-5	2020	Knockdown and ectopic expression experiments demonstrate that the neuronal-specific splicing factor SRRM4/nSR100 promotes the inclusion of microexon 34" into TAF1 mRNA, through the recognition of UGC sequences in the poly-pyrimidine tract upstream of the regulated microexon.	pyrimidine	217-232	serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
31559909-5	2020	Knockdown and ectopic expression experiments demonstrate that the neuronal-specific splicing factor SRRM4/nSR100 promotes the inclusion of microexon 34" into TAF1 mRNA, through the recognition of UGC sequences in the poly-pyrimidine tract upstream of the regulated microexon.	pyrimidine	217-232	serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
31559909-5	2020	Knockdown and ectopic expression experiments demonstrate that the neuronal-specific splicing factor SRRM4/nSR100 promotes the inclusion of microexon 34" into TAF1 mRNA, through the recognition of UGC sequences in the poly-pyrimidine tract upstream of the regulated microexon.	pyrimidine	217-232	TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
31841108-8	2019	Our findings provide a potential mechanistic basis for the epidemiologic association of anti-gluconeogenic drugs with improved CRC metastasis outcomes, reveal the exploitation of a gluconeogenesis enzyme for pyrimidine biosynthesis under hypoxia, and implicate DHODH and PCK1 as metabolic therapeutic targets in CRC metastatic progression.	pyrimidine	208-218	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	261-266
31841108-8	2019	Our findings provide a potential mechanistic basis for the epidemiologic association of anti-gluconeogenic drugs with improved CRC metastasis outcomes, reveal the exploitation of a gluconeogenesis enzyme for pyrimidine biosynthesis under hypoxia, and implicate DHODH and PCK1 as metabolic therapeutic targets in CRC metastatic progression.	pyrimidine	208-218	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	271-275
31822653-6	2019	MACC1-AS1 also competitively interacted with PTBP1, an RNA-binding protein, via a conserved pyrimidine rich motif within this lncRNA.	pyrimidine	92-102	MET transcriptional regulator MACC1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31822653-6	2019	MACC1-AS1 also competitively interacted with PTBP1, an RNA-binding protein, via a conserved pyrimidine rich motif within this lncRNA.	pyrimidine	92-102	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	6-9
31822653-6	2019	MACC1-AS1 also competitively interacted with PTBP1, an RNA-binding protein, via a conserved pyrimidine rich motif within this lncRNA.	pyrimidine	92-102	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
31778956-5	2019	The selected 2"Fluoro-Pyrimidine modified aptamer, named apt69.T, effectively and selectively bound B cell maturation antigen-expressing myeloma cells with rapid and efficient internalization.	pyrimidine	13-32	TNF receptor superfamily member 17	Homo sapiens	100-125
31796083-3	2019	Deoxyuridine 5"-triphosphate nucleotido-hydrolase (dUTPase) is responsible for the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP within the parasite and has been proposed as an essential step in pyrimidine metabolism by providing dUMP for thymidylate biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	176-186	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	51-58
31796083-14	2019	CONCLUSION: These results strongly confirm the pivotal and essential role of dUTPase in pyrimidine biosynthesis of P. falciparum intraerythrocytic stages.	pyrimidine	88-98	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	77-84
31541883-6	2019	And we found the major of drugs by targeting 5-HT1A receptor on the market or in clinical trials mostly have the similar functional groups, such as piperazine, piperidine, and pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	176-186	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	45-60
31482228-6	2019	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is an enzyme majorly involved in the metabolism of pyrimidines in the human body and has the same metabolising effect on 5-FU, a pyrimidine analogue.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
31557612-4	2019	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is involved in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, is a validated target for anti-infective drug research.	pyrimidine	87-98	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
31557612-4	2019	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is involved in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, is a validated target for anti-infective drug research.	pyrimidine	87-98	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
31520592-1	2019	In view of previous crystallographic studies, N4-hydroxy-dCMP, a slow-binding thymidylate synthase inhibitor apparently caused "uncoupling" of the two thymidylate synthase-catalyzed reactions, including the N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate one-carbon group transfer and reduction, suggesting the enzyme"s capacity to use tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor reducing the pyrimidine ring C(5) in the absence of the 5-methylene group.	pyrimidine	364-374	thymidylate synthase	Mus musculus	78-98
31431503-0	2019	The ribonucleoside AICAr induces differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ATR/Chk1 kinase via pyrimidine depletion.	pyrimidine	107-117	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	19-24
31431503-0	2019	The ribonucleoside AICAr induces differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ATR/Chk1 kinase via pyrimidine depletion.	pyrimidine	107-117	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	87-90
31431503-0	2019	The ribonucleoside AICAr induces differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ATR/Chk1 kinase via pyrimidine depletion.	pyrimidine	107-117	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
31827466-3	2019	Naturally, the EctD enzyme performs a precise regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of the ubiquitous stress protectant and chemical chaperone ectoine (possessing a six-membered pyrimidine ring structure) to yield trans-5-hydroxyectoine.	pyrimidine	181-191	ectoine hydroxylase	Pseudomonas stutzeri	15-19
31775252-8	2019	Metabolic pathway analysis implicated ADGRL4/ELTD1 in pyrimidine, amino acid, and sugar metabolism.	pyrimidine	54-64	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4	Homo sapiens	38-44
31775252-8	2019	Metabolic pathway analysis implicated ADGRL4/ELTD1 in pyrimidine, amino acid, and sugar metabolism.	pyrimidine	54-64	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4	Homo sapiens	45-50
31526816-11	2019	Taken together, in this study we show that the pyrimidine derivative, WZ3146, inhibits the IgE-mediated allergic response by inhibiting Lyn and Fyn Src-family kinases, which are initially activated by antigen stimulation in MCs.	pyrimidine	47-57	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	136-139
31526816-11	2019	Taken together, in this study we show that the pyrimidine derivative, WZ3146, inhibits the IgE-mediated allergic response by inhibiting Lyn and Fyn Src-family kinases, which are initially activated by antigen stimulation in MCs.	pyrimidine	47-57	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-147
30737477-5	2019	Mechanistically, TS enzymatic activity was found essential for maintenance of the EMT/stem-like state by fueling a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase-dependent pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	122-132	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	17-19
31492820-5	2019	Mechanistically, decitabine efficacy was linked to K-RAS-driven dependency on nucleotide metabolism and its ability to specifically impair pyrimidine biosynthesis in K-RAS-dependent tumors cells.	pyrimidine	139-149	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	166-171
31431503-4	2019	Here, using metabolic assays, immunoblotting, flow cytometry analyses, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing in leukemia cell lines, we show that AICAr-mediated differentiation was independent of the known metabolic effects of AMPK, including glucose consumption, but instead depends on the activation of the DNA damage-associated enzyme checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) induced by pyrimidine depletion.	pyrimidine	372-382	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	142-147
31431503-7	2019	Our results delineate an AMPK-independent effect of AICAr on myeloid leukemia differentiation that involves perturbation of pyrimidine biosynthesis and activation of the DNA damage response network.	pyrimidine	124-134	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
31431503-7	2019	Our results delineate an AMPK-independent effect of AICAr on myeloid leukemia differentiation that involves perturbation of pyrimidine biosynthesis and activation of the DNA damage response network.	pyrimidine	124-134	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	52-57
31520592-1	2019	In view of previous crystallographic studies, N4-hydroxy-dCMP, a slow-binding thymidylate synthase inhibitor apparently caused "uncoupling" of the two thymidylate synthase-catalyzed reactions, including the N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate one-carbon group transfer and reduction, suggesting the enzyme"s capacity to use tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor reducing the pyrimidine ring C(5) in the absence of the 5-methylene group.	pyrimidine	364-374	thymidylate synthase	Mus musculus	151-171
31408013-4	2019	In addition, for thymidine kinase 2-deficient (TK2d) myopathy, compassionate-use oral administration of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides have shown preliminary evidence of safety and efficacy in survival of early onset patients and motor functions relative to historical TK2d controls.	pyrimidine	104-114	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	17-35
31411362-6	2019	Therefore, the para-nitrophenyl ring on the central pyrazole ring along with the 2-amino group on the pyrimidine ring are the crucial features in the development of novel HSP90 inhibitors based on this scaffold for targeted anticancer therapy.	pyrimidine	102-112	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
31382056-0	2019	Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation and docking studies of new pyrimidine derivatives as potent thymidylate synthase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	68-78	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	101-121
31255972-0	2019	Maltase-glucoamylase inhibition potency and cytotoxicity of pyrimidine-fused compounds: An in silico and in vitro approach.	pyrimidine	60-70	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	0-20
31255972-3	2019	Based on our previous studies, four pyrimidine-fused heterocycles (PFH) were selected as they revealed satisfactory inhibitory action against mammalian alpha-glucosidase.	pyrimidine	36-46	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	152-169
31255972-7	2019	L2 and L4 made tightly complexes with both terminals of MGAM which in turn revealed the importance of introducing pyrimidine scaffold and its hinge compartment.	pyrimidine	114-124	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	56-60
31284084-8	2019	Conclusively, we experimentally confirm novel and selective, pyrimidine-based TLR8 inhibitors with low cytotoxicity that are relevant candidates for lead optimization and further mechanistic studies.	pyrimidine	61-71	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	78-82
30940908-7	2019	Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, was recently reported to induce differentiation of diverse AML subtypes.	pyrimidine	80-90	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	14-42
30940908-7	2019	Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, was recently reported to induce differentiation of diverse AML subtypes.	pyrimidine	80-90	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	44-49
31491978-1	2019	Here, we describe the synthesis of disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives and their biological evaluation as selective 5-HT2C agonists.	pyrimidine	49-59	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	117-123
31551419-3	2019	We have recently found that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, plays a critical role in UVB-induced energy metabolism reprogramming.	pyrimidine	115-125	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	28-56
31551419-3	2019	We have recently found that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, plays a critical role in UVB-induced energy metabolism reprogramming.	pyrimidine	115-125	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	58-63
31429546-5	2019	Metabolomics and proteomics data revealed that poor growth of the ArgR deletion strain was caused by a limitation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, because a 17-fold overexpression of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ArgI) perturbed the arginine-pyrimidine branch point.	pyrimidine	117-127	arginine repressor	Escherichia coli	66-70
31616952-7	2019	The Fis-structured minor groove shape that is optimized for Xis binding requires a precisely positioned pyrimidine-purine base-pair step, whose location has been shown to modulate minor groove widths in Fis-bound complexes to different DNA targets.	pyrimidine	104-114	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1554	Homo sapiens	4-7
31616952-7	2019	The Fis-structured minor groove shape that is optimized for Xis binding requires a precisely positioned pyrimidine-purine base-pair step, whose location has been shown to modulate minor groove widths in Fis-bound complexes to different DNA targets.	pyrimidine	104-114	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1554	Homo sapiens	203-206
31420268-1	2019	Clinically relevant inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian de novo pyrimidine synthesis, have strong antiviral and anticancer activity in vitro.	pyrimidine	116-126	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	34-62
31420268-1	2019	Clinically relevant inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian de novo pyrimidine synthesis, have strong antiviral and anticancer activity in vitro.	pyrimidine	116-126	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	64-69
31420268-3	2019	The pyrimidine salvage enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), a ~29 kDa protein that forms a tetramer in its active state, is necessary for uridine salvage.	pyrimidine	4-14	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	30-55
31420268-3	2019	The pyrimidine salvage enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), a ~29 kDa protein that forms a tetramer in its active state, is necessary for uridine salvage.	pyrimidine	4-14	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
31491978-5	2019	Thus, pyrimidine 10a could be considered a viable lead compound as a 5-HT2C selective agonist.	pyrimidine	6-16	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	69-75
31443513-1	2019	Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) is a key enzyme in de novo nucleotide synthesis and nucleotide salvage synthesis pathways that are critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	173-183	phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	0-41
31302150-6	2019	Our findings indicate that enzymes of the rate-limiting steps of pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis, the pro-viral MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member protein and the mitochondrial electron transport complex III, play critical roles in the completion of the mammarenavirus life cycle, suggesting they represent potential druggable targets to counter human pathogenic mammarenavirus infections.	pyrimidine	65-75	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	141-145
31443513-1	2019	Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) is a key enzyme in de novo nucleotide synthesis and nucleotide salvage synthesis pathways that are critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	173-183	phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
31391321-3	2019	Targeting the pyrimidine synthetic rate-limiting step enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, dihydroorotase (CAD) or the critical downstream enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibited GSC survival, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor initiation through the depletion of the pyrimidine nucleotide supply in rodent models.	pyrimidine	14-24	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	178-206
31438839-0	2019	Metabolomics analysis elucidates unique influences on purine / pyrimidine metabolism by xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.	pyrimidine	63-73	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	88-111
31113844-6	2019	RESULTS: In examining modulations within the pyrimidine pathway, we identified that the addition of DTX to cells treated with ADI-PEG20 resulted in translocation of stabilized c-Myc to the nucleus.	pyrimidine	45-55	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	176-181
31391321-3	2019	Targeting the pyrimidine synthetic rate-limiting step enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, dihydroorotase (CAD) or the critical downstream enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibited GSC survival, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor initiation through the depletion of the pyrimidine nucleotide supply in rodent models.	pyrimidine	14-24	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	208-213
31391321-4	2019	Mutations in EGFR or PTEN generated distinct CAD phosphorylation patterns to activate carbon influx through pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	108-118	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	13-17
31391321-4	2019	Mutations in EGFR or PTEN generated distinct CAD phosphorylation patterns to activate carbon influx through pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	108-118	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	21-25
31391321-5	2019	Simultaneous abrogation of tumor-specific driver mutations and DHODH activity with clinically approved inhibitors demonstrated sustained inhibition of metabolic activity of pyrimidine synthesis and GSC tumorigenic capacity in vitro.	pyrimidine	173-183	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	63-68
31355369-0	2019	Computational approaches: discovery of GTPase HRas as prospective drug target for 1,3-diazine scaffolds.	pyrimidine	82-93	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	39-50
31531200-6	2019	By modifying the triazole substituent and altering the pyrimidine core, this structure-activity relationship study enhanced BET activity while reducing the p38alpha kinase activity &gt;90,000-fold.	pyrimidine	55-65	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	124-127
31531200-6	2019	By modifying the triazole substituent and altering the pyrimidine core, this structure-activity relationship study enhanced BET activity while reducing the p38alpha kinase activity &gt;90,000-fold.	pyrimidine	55-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	156-164
31383553-9	2019	INTERPRETATIONS: These data indicate that the cytosolic pyrimidine salvage pathway enzymes TK1 and dCK are critical for therapeutic efficacy of deoxynucleoside therapy for Tk2 deficiency.	pyrimidine	56-66	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
31383553-9	2019	INTERPRETATIONS: These data indicate that the cytosolic pyrimidine salvage pathway enzymes TK1 and dCK are critical for therapeutic efficacy of deoxynucleoside therapy for Tk2 deficiency.	pyrimidine	56-66	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	99-102
31271494-4	2019	In addition, we show that the RS domain of U2AF65 drives a liquid-liquid phase separation that is amplified by intronic RNA with repeated pyrimidine tracts.	pyrimidine	138-148	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	43-49
31271494-5	2019	In cells, knockdown of either U2AF65 or CAPERalpha improves the inclusion of cassette exons that are preceded by such repeated pyrimidine-rich motifs.	pyrimidine	127-137	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	30-36
31271494-5	2019	In cells, knockdown of either U2AF65 or CAPERalpha improves the inclusion of cassette exons that are preceded by such repeated pyrimidine-rich motifs.	pyrimidine	127-137	RNA binding motif protein 39	Homo sapiens	40-50
31087527-1	2019	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, is considered to be an attractive target for potential treatment of autoimmune disease and cancer.	pyrimidine	104-114	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	6-34
31087527-1	2019	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, is considered to be an attractive target for potential treatment of autoimmune disease and cancer.	pyrimidine	104-114	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-41
31171367-7	2019	In addition, new association with metabolism related gene sets, such as glycolysis (P = .016), nucleic acid metabolism (P = .001), and pyrimidine metabolism (P = .004) were identified in the ANXA2 high group.	pyrimidine	135-145	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	191-196
31053851-2	2019	One process is translesion synthesis (TLS) by DNA polymerases (Pol) delta, eta and zeta, which creates C>T transitions at pyrimidine dimers by incorporating two dAMPs opposite of the dimers.	pyrimidine	122-132	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	46-87
31355369-8	2019	Hence, the GTPase HRas may be the possible target of 1,3-diazine derivatives for their anticancer activity where the retrieved information may be quite useful for developing rational drug designing.	pyrimidine	53-64	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	11-22
31339860-6	2019	The lysosome, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism pathways were mainly enriched in the high RhoA level group, while the hedgehog signaling, linoleic acid metabolism, olfactory transduction and taste transduction pathways were enriched in the low RhoA level group.	pyrimidine	75-85	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	139-143
31384832-6	2019	Further, the molecular docking of pyrimidine derivatives Ax1, Ax9 and Ax10 with CDK8 (PDB id: 5FGK) protein indicated that moderate to better docking results within the binding pocket.	pyrimidine	34-44	cyclin dependent kinase 8	Homo sapiens	80-84
30985967-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	59-69	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-29
31384539-0	2019	Development of the triazole-fused pyrimidine derivatives as highly potent and reversible inhibitors of histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A).	pyrimidine	34-44	lysine demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens	142-146
31384539-0	2019	Development of the triazole-fused pyrimidine derivatives as highly potent and reversible inhibitors of histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A).	pyrimidine	34-44	lysine demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens	147-152
31384539-8	2019	The findings further indicate that targeting LSD1 is a promising strategy for AML treatment, the triazole-fused pyrimidine derivatives are new scaffolds for the development of LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors.	pyrimidine	112-122	lysine demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens	176-180
31384539-8	2019	The findings further indicate that targeting LSD1 is a promising strategy for AML treatment, the triazole-fused pyrimidine derivatives are new scaffolds for the development of LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors.	pyrimidine	112-122	lysine demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens	181-186
30974126-0	2019	Suppression of pyrimidine biosynthesis by targeting DHODH enzyme robustly inhibits rotavirus replication.	pyrimidine	15-25	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	52-57
30885711-8	2019	Compared to wild type mice, rd10 mice raised in cyclic light or in complete darkness demonstrate significant alterations in retinal pyrimidine and purine nucleotide metabolism, potentially disrupting deoxynucleotide pools necessary for mitochondrial DNA replication.	pyrimidine	132-142	phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	28-32
30985967-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	59-69	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
30660752-0	2019	Splitting the functions of Rim2, a mitochondrial iron/pyrimidine carrier.	pyrimidine	54-64	regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
30660752-7	2019	Rim2-dependent pyrimidine transport was competed by Zn2+ but not by Fe2+, Fe3+ or Cu2+.	pyrimidine	15-25	regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
30660752-11	2019	In summary, mitochondrial iron transport and pyrimidine transport by Rim2 occur separately and independently.	pyrimidine	45-55	regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
31316493-2	2019	The similarities between oomycetes and the apicomplexa led us to hypothesize that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, and a validated drug target in treatment of malaria, could be a potential target for controlling P. infestans growth.	pyrimidine	161-171	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	112-117
31232697-10	2019	Taken together, our results revealed that pyrimidine intermediates increased lifespan by inhibiting reproductive signals and subsequently inducing the function of DAF-12, NHR-49 and DAF-16 in C. elegans.	pyrimidine	42-52	Nuclear hormone receptor family member daf-12	Caenorhabditis elegans	163-169
31232697-10	2019	Taken together, our results revealed that pyrimidine intermediates increased lifespan by inhibiting reproductive signals and subsequently inducing the function of DAF-12, NHR-49 and DAF-16 in C. elegans.	pyrimidine	42-52	NR LBD domain-containing protein;Nuclear hormone receptor family member nhr-49	Caenorhabditis elegans	171-177
31232697-10	2019	Taken together, our results revealed that pyrimidine intermediates increased lifespan by inhibiting reproductive signals and subsequently inducing the function of DAF-12, NHR-49 and DAF-16 in C. elegans.	pyrimidine	42-52	Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O	Caenorhabditis elegans	182-188
31157974-3	2019	Here, we present a series of pyrimidin-based small molecular inhibitors targeting DCN1-UBE2M interaction.	pyrimidine	29-38	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 M	Homo sapiens	87-92
30957282-9	2019	Compared with the Raman bands of AH+ (N1+H+ ), the TR3 bands of AH.2+ (N1+H+ ) are significantly down-shifted, indicating a decrease in the bond order of the pyrimidine and imidazole rings due to the resonance structure of AH.2+ (N1+H+ ).	pyrimidine	158-168	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
31159174-6	2019	We demonstrate that p53 binds to all studied non-B DNA structures, with a preference for non-B DNA structures formed by pyrimidine (Py) rich strands.	pyrimidine	132-134	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	20-23
31312408-0	2019	Development of Highly Selective Pyrimidine-Based Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2) Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	32-42	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	71-78
31312408-3	2019	Herein, we report the development of aldosterone synthase inhibitors using a pyrimidine-based metal binding group leading to the highly selective CYP11B2 inhibitor 22.	pyrimidine	77-87	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	146-153
30980254-0	2019	Selective antagonism of CRF1 receptor by a substituted pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	55-65	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
30808730-6	2019	Profiling of the metabolome demonstrates that suppression of CPS1 potentiates the effects of EGFR inhibition on central carbon metabolism, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and arginine metabolism, coinciding with reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.	pyrimidine	139-149	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
30808730-6	2019	Profiling of the metabolome demonstrates that suppression of CPS1 potentiates the effects of EGFR inhibition on central carbon metabolism, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and arginine metabolism, coinciding with reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.	pyrimidine	139-149	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
30808730-7	2019	We show that EGFR inhibition and CPS1 knockdown lead to a decrease in arginine levels and pyrimidine derivatives, and the addition of exogenous pyrimidines partially rescues the impairment in cell growth.	pyrimidine	90-100	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	13-17
30808730-7	2019	We show that EGFR inhibition and CPS1 knockdown lead to a decrease in arginine levels and pyrimidine derivatives, and the addition of exogenous pyrimidines partially rescues the impairment in cell growth.	pyrimidine	90-100	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
30951908-4	2019	Twenty-seven, fourteen and sixteen metabolites (involved in metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, purine and pyrimidine) were altered in follicular fluid, serum and urine, respectively, in LRP compared with NRP sows, and could decrease oocyte quality and developmental potential, ultimately leading to low fertility.	pyrimidine	111-121	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	191-194
31013090-1	2019	Novel pyridine- and pyrimidine-based allosteric inhibitors are reported that achieve PDE4D subtype selectivity through recognition of a single amino acid difference on a key regulatory domain, known as UCR2, that opens and closes over the catalytic site for cAMP hydrolysis.	pyrimidine	20-30	phosphodiesterase 4D	Homo sapiens	85-90
31112549-7	2019	Similarly, both lineages lost genes involved in DNA repair pathways, including the DNA glycosylase gene 3-MethylAdenine DNA Glycosylase 1 (MAG1), which is part of the base-excision repair pathway, and the DNA photolyase gene PHotoreactivation Repair deficient 1 (PHR1), which is involved in pyrimidine dimer repair.	pyrimidine	291-301	DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase II	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	139-143
31143705-7	2019	Through mining the database, FTO was found to regulate the integrin signaling pathway, inflammation signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, angiogenesis, and the pyrimidine metabolism pathway.	pyrimidine	200-210	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	29-32
31043571-2	2019	One prominent example is pharmacological inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which mediates de novo pyrimidine synthesis in actively proliferating T and B lymphocytes.	pyrimidine	116-126	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	55-83
30685641-0	2019	Synthesis and evaluation of novel fused pyrimidine derivatives as GPR119 agonists.	pyrimidine	40-50	G protein-coupled receptor 119	Homo sapiens	66-72
30685641-1	2019	A novel series of fused pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as GPR119 agonists.	pyrimidine	24-34	G protein-coupled receptor 119	Homo sapiens	91-97
30685643-1	2019	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is a flavin-dependent enzyme essential to pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, which serves as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.	pyrimidine	86-96	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-42
30835283-3	2019	The genetic cause was a mutation in carB that decreased the pyrimidine pool (and growth rate), lowering the activation threshold of a preexisting but hitherto unrecognized phenotypic switch.	pyrimidine	60-70	carB	Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25	36-40
31043737-0	2019	Author Correction: CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells.	pyrimidine	34-44	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
31041607-12	2019	CONCLUSION: In combination, we hypothesise that Anks6 affects DNA damage responses and proliferation and plays a crucial role in physiological amino acid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	165-175	ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 6	Mus musculus	48-53
31043571-2	2019	One prominent example is pharmacological inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which mediates de novo pyrimidine synthesis in actively proliferating T and B lymphocytes.	pyrimidine	116-126	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	85-90
30718533-1	2019	PrimPol is a human primase/polymerase specialized in re-starting stalled forks by repriming beyond lesions such as pyrimidine dimers, and replication-perturbing structures including G-quadruplexes and R-loops.	pyrimidine	115-125	primase and DNA directed polymerase	Homo sapiens	0-7
30853331-2	2019	Here we show the design and optimization of pyrimidine-4,6-diamine derivatives as selectivity JAK3 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	44-54	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	94-98
30833296-8	2019	Treatment with OA, an easily available food supplement, significantly increased both iridophore number and mtDNA content in mpv17 -/- mutants, thus linking the loss of Mpv17 to pyrimidine de novo synthesis and opening a new simple therapeutic approach for MPV17-related MDS.	pyrimidine	177-187	mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17	Danio rerio	168-173
30347213-8	2019	In this review, we focus on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as a target for cancer therapy, and in particular, DHODH.	pyrimidine	40-50	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	123-128
31159174-0	2019	p53 Binds Preferentially to Non-B DNA Structures Formed by the Pyrimidine-Rich Strands of GAA TTC Trinucleotide Repeats Associated with Friedreich"s Ataxia.	pyrimidine	63-73	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	0-3
31159174-0	2019	p53 Binds Preferentially to Non-B DNA Structures Formed by the Pyrimidine-Rich Strands of GAA TTC Trinucleotide Repeats Associated with Friedreich"s Ataxia.	pyrimidine	63-73	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	90-93
31159174-6	2019	We demonstrate that p53 binds to all studied non-B DNA structures, with a preference for non-B DNA structures formed by pyrimidine (Py) rich strands.	pyrimidine	120-130	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	20-23
30605521-6	2019	Overall, by uncovering the first evidence for the replication of a damaged pyrimidine in the syn glycosidic orientation, the current work provides the insight necessary to clarify a discrepancy in the DNA replication literature, expand the biological role of the critical human pol eta, and understand the mutational signature in human cancers associated with tobacco exposure.	pyrimidine	75-85	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	282-285
30822013-1	2019	We investigate the low-temperature magnetic properties of the molecule-based chiral spin chain [Cu(pym)(H_{2}O)_{4}]SiF_{6} H_{2}O (pym=pyrimidine).	pyrimidine	136-146	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
30449682-0	2019	Reactivation of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase-Driven Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Restores Tumor Growth of Respiration-Deficient Cancer Cells.	pyrimidine	52-62	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	16-44
30449682-3	2019	We show that pyrimidine biosynthesis dependent on respiration-linked dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is required to overcome cell-cycle arrest, while mitochondrial ATP generation is dispensable for tumorigenesis.	pyrimidine	13-23	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	69-97
30449682-3	2019	We show that pyrimidine biosynthesis dependent on respiration-linked dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is required to overcome cell-cycle arrest, while mitochondrial ATP generation is dispensable for tumorigenesis.	pyrimidine	13-23	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	99-104
30449682-6	2019	Our results show that DHODH-driven pyrimidine biosynthesis is an essential pathway linking respiration to tumorigenesis, pointing to inhibitors of DHODH as potential anti-cancer agents.	pyrimidine	35-45	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	22-27
30449682-6	2019	Our results show that DHODH-driven pyrimidine biosynthesis is an essential pathway linking respiration to tumorigenesis, pointing to inhibitors of DHODH as potential anti-cancer agents.	pyrimidine	35-45	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	147-152
30041258-0	2019	Graph Theoretical Analysis, Insilico Modeling and Formulation of Pyrimidine Nanoparticles as p38alpha MAP Kinases inhibitors: A Quantitative Proteomics Approach.	pyrimidine	65-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	93-101
30606672-4	2019	Herein, a series of novel pyrimidine structures as p97 inhibitors were designed and synthesized.	pyrimidine	26-36	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	51-54
30573518-2	2019	We have previously shown that in normoxic conditions, ASS1 downregulation facilitates cancer cell proliferation by increasing aspartate availability for pyrimidine synthesis by the enzyme complex CAD.	pyrimidine	153-163	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
30500338-5	2019	RNA binding by RRM1 is mediated through specific recognition of a cytosine base situated 5" of one or more pyrimidine bases by a conserved tyrosine residue on beta1 and a glutamate residue on the beta4 strand.	pyrimidine	107-117	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	15-19
30500338-5	2019	RNA binding by RRM1 is mediated through specific recognition of a cytosine base situated 5" of one or more pyrimidine bases by a conserved tyrosine residue on beta1 and a glutamate residue on the beta4 strand.	pyrimidine	107-117	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
30567669-10	2019	In HSP60 knockdown cell lines, enhanced purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis were confirmed by the abundance and labeling percentages of intermediate metabolites.	pyrimidine	51-61	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	3-8
30608453-1	2019	beta-Ureidopropionase (betaUP) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease caused by abnormal changes in the pyrimidine-degradation pathway.	pyrimidine	110-120	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
30417265-3	2019	Its primary mechanism of action is linked to effects on the peripheral immune system by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-catalyzed de novo pyrimidine synthesis and reducing the expansion of lymphocytes in the peripheral immune system.	pyrimidine	154-164	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	99-127
30417265-3	2019	Its primary mechanism of action is linked to effects on the peripheral immune system by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-catalyzed de novo pyrimidine synthesis and reducing the expansion of lymphocytes in the peripheral immune system.	pyrimidine	154-164	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	129-134
30836926-9	2019	Both the pyrimidine- and pyridine-based probes exhibited muM inhibitory activity against HDAC8.	pyrimidine	9-19	latexin	Homo sapiens	57-60
30836926-9	2019	Both the pyrimidine- and pyridine-based probes exhibited muM inhibitory activity against HDAC8.	pyrimidine	9-19	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	89-94
30836926-10	2019	The pyrimidine-based probe 1e displayed remarkable HDAC8 selectivity superior to that of the standard drug, SAHA with an IC50 at 0.1microM.	pyrimidine	4-14	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	51-56
30207239-2	2019	Moreover, pyrimidine scaffold displayed VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity.	pyrimidine	10-20	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	40-47
30207239-9	2019	Also, the inhibitory activity of the novel fused pyrimidine derivatives on VEGFR-2 as well as Tamoxifen was determined using breast cancer cell line MCF-7.	pyrimidine	49-59	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	75-82
30608453-1	2019	beta-Ureidopropionase (betaUP) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease caused by abnormal changes in the pyrimidine-degradation pathway.	pyrimidine	110-120	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
30864522-0	2019	Synthesis, Docking Studies into CDK-2 and Anticancer Activity of New Derivatives Based Pyrimidine Scaffold and Their Derived Glycosides.	pyrimidine	87-97	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
30306864-5	2019	CONCLUSION: Further, the molecular docking study carried to find out the interaction between active pyrimidine compounds with CDK-8 protein indicated that compound k14 showed best dock score with better potency within the ATP binding pocket and may be used as a lead for rational drug designing of the anticancer molecule.	pyrimidine	100-110	cyclin dependent kinase 8	Homo sapiens	126-131
30306864-5	2019	CONCLUSION: Further, the molecular docking study carried to find out the interaction between active pyrimidine compounds with CDK-8 protein indicated that compound k14 showed best dock score with better potency within the ATP binding pocket and may be used as a lead for rational drug designing of the anticancer molecule.	pyrimidine	100-110	keratin 14	Homo sapiens	164-167
31939163-0	2019	CAD, A Multienzymatic Protein at the Head of de Novo Pyrimidine Biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	53-63	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
30504063-1	2019	AC0010 is a pyrrolopyrimidine-based irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), structurally distinct from previously reported pyrimidine-based irreversible EGFR inhibitors such as osimertinib and rociletinib.	pyrimidine	19-29	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	62-94
30504063-1	2019	AC0010 is a pyrrolopyrimidine-based irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), structurally distinct from previously reported pyrimidine-based irreversible EGFR inhibitors such as osimertinib and rociletinib.	pyrimidine	19-29	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	96-100
30590231-1	2019	Endonuclease III is a DNA glycosylase previously known for its repair activity on oxidative pyrimidine damage.	pyrimidine	92-102	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
30470748-7	2018	Antagonizing the PPP or pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibits the growth of KRAS-resistant cells.	pyrimidine	24-34	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	71-75
30292064-7	2019	We show that stable vigilin binding requires the full length 69 nt CSF-1R element, including the 26 nt pyrimidine-rich core.	pyrimidine	103-113	high density lipoprotein binding protein	Homo sapiens	20-27
30292064-7	2019	We show that stable vigilin binding requires the full length 69 nt CSF-1R element, including the 26 nt pyrimidine-rich core.	pyrimidine	103-113	colony stimulating factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	67-73
30389155-4	2018	CSB protein belongs to the ATP chromatin remodeling complex, hence presumably an improper chromatin remodeling in CSB cells could be at the source of inefficient removal of pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) after UVC exposure in these patients.	pyrimidine	173-183	ERCC excision repair 6, chromatin remodeling factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
30389155-4	2018	CSB protein belongs to the ATP chromatin remodeling complex, hence presumably an improper chromatin remodeling in CSB cells could be at the source of inefficient removal of pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) after UVC exposure in these patients.	pyrimidine	173-183	ERCC excision repair 6, chromatin remodeling factor	Homo sapiens	114-117
30563166-11	2018	Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), a main role of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, was also highly inhibited by the combination treatment.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-23
30459406-8	2018	As DHODH is a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, these AR-12 derivatives may act by targeting pyrimidine biosynthesis in host cells to inhibit viral replication.	pyrimidine	40-50	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	3-8
30459406-8	2018	As DHODH is a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, these AR-12 derivatives may act by targeting pyrimidine biosynthesis in host cells to inhibit viral replication.	pyrimidine	118-128	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	3-8
31458017-1	2018	This study investigates the interactions of both purine (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidine (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) nucleobases with a pair of silver atoms (Ag2).	pyrimidine	82-92	anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member	Homo sapiens	166-169
29982012-6	2018	3 wt% Cu doped CeO2 modified GCE showed two well defined anodic peaks each towards the oxidation of purine and pyrimidine bases with significant peak to peak potential separation of 312 mV (AD-GU) and 200 mV (TY-CY) which were large enough for the selective and simultaneous determination of these bases in their mixture.	pyrimidine	111-121	guanylate cyclase 2E, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	29-32
30424520-7	2018	Moreover, the enrichment analysis of signal pathways indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Pyrimidine metabolism, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and Transcriptional misregulation in cancer.	pyrimidine	223-233	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	190-203
30369878-2	2018	The majority of antifolates inhibit enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART).	pyrimidine	67-77	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	96-119
30369878-2	2018	The majority of antifolates inhibit enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART).	pyrimidine	67-77	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	121-125
30369878-2	2018	The majority of antifolates inhibit enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART).	pyrimidine	67-77	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	128-148
30369878-2	2018	The majority of antifolates inhibit enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART).	pyrimidine	67-77	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	150-154
30369878-2	2018	The majority of antifolates inhibit enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART).	pyrimidine	67-77	phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase	Homo sapiens	161-205
30144461-9	2018	Therefore, de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is critical for the replication of EBOV and other RNA viruses and inhibition of this pathway activates an ATM and IRF1-dependent innate immune response that subverts EBOV immune evasion functions.	pyrimidine	19-29	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	149-152
30144461-9	2018	Therefore, de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is critical for the replication of EBOV and other RNA viruses and inhibition of this pathway activates an ATM and IRF1-dependent innate immune response that subverts EBOV immune evasion functions.	pyrimidine	19-29	interferon regulatory factor 1	Homo sapiens	157-161
30188715-3	2018	Simulations revealed that, upon binding, the inhibitor pyrimidine ring remains deprotonated in BACE1 but becomes protonated in BACE2.	pyrimidine	55-65	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
30188715-3	2018	Simulations revealed that, upon binding, the inhibitor pyrimidine ring remains deprotonated in BACE1 but becomes protonated in BACE2.	pyrimidine	55-65	beta-secretase 2	Homo sapiens	127-132
30145372-1	2018	The flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth reaction of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which exerts vital functions in the cells, especially within DNA and RNA biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	98-108	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	46-51
29987902-10	2018	ENTPD8 was downregulated in PCT, causing a reduction in cytidine formation and hence weakened CTP dephosphorylation in pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	119-129	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
29803079-1	2018	Thymidine phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvage pathway that is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and gliostatin.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	97-144
29803079-1	2018	Thymidine phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvage pathway that is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and gliostatin.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	146-153
29803079-1	2018	Thymidine phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvage pathway that is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and gliostatin.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	159-169
30006143-7	2018	All these findings provided new clues about the pyrimidine scaffold as an effective BTK inhibitor for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.	pyrimidine	48-58	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	84-87
29677483-0	2018	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine-based derivatives as VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	47-57	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	79-86
29677483-2	2018	In this study, a novel pyrimidine-based derivative 7j was designed as lead compound, and three series of potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors were synthesized and biologically evaluated against A549 and HepG2 cell lines.	pyrimidine	23-33	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	112-119
29939742-1	2018	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ( hDHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate.	pyrimidine	89-99	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	37-43
29769267-1	2018	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, EC 1.3.1.2), encoded by the DPYD gene, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation pathway of endogenous pyrimidine and fluoropyrimidine drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
29769267-1	2018	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, EC 1.3.1.2), encoded by the DPYD gene, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation pathway of endogenous pyrimidine and fluoropyrimidine drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	66-70
29976570-1	2018	beta-Ureidopropionase (betaUP) catalyzes the third step of the reductive pyrimidine catabolic pathway responsible for breakdown of uracil-, thymine- and pyrimidine-based antimetabolites such as 5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	73-83	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
29976570-1	2018	beta-Ureidopropionase (betaUP) catalyzes the third step of the reductive pyrimidine catabolic pathway responsible for breakdown of uracil-, thymine- and pyrimidine-based antimetabolites such as 5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	73-83	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
29976570-1	2018	beta-Ureidopropionase (betaUP) catalyzes the third step of the reductive pyrimidine catabolic pathway responsible for breakdown of uracil-, thymine- and pyrimidine-based antimetabolites such as 5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	153-163	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
29976570-1	2018	beta-Ureidopropionase (betaUP) catalyzes the third step of the reductive pyrimidine catabolic pathway responsible for breakdown of uracil-, thymine- and pyrimidine-based antimetabolites such as 5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	153-163	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
29853338-0	2018	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine derivatives as novel CDK2 inhibitors that induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells.	pyrimidine	47-57	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
29754833-3	2018	Conversion of the amino group attached at the 4-position of pyrimidine to methylene group improved PK profile and decreased renin inhibitory activity.	pyrimidine	60-70	renin	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
30029473-1	2018	Avanafil (AVA), one of the most effective drugs prescribed for erectile dysfunction, is a pyrimidine-derivative PDE5 inhibitor.	pyrimidine	90-100	phosphodiesterase 5A	Homo sapiens	112-116
29601948-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, POLR1B, POLE3, POLD3, and HTR2C might play important roles in obese PCOS via involvement of pyrimidine metabolism and calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	120-130	RNA polymerase I subunit B	Homo sapiens	28-34
30038717-6	2018	Ultimately, we show that the de novo pyrimidine synthesis gene CAD is associated with poor survival (P = 0.008) and is co-altered with the nucleotide excision repair gene POLD2.	pyrimidine	37-47	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
30038717-6	2018	Ultimately, we show that the de novo pyrimidine synthesis gene CAD is associated with poor survival (P = 0.008) and is co-altered with the nucleotide excision repair gene POLD2.	pyrimidine	37-47	DNA polymerase delta 2, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	171-176
29601948-7	2018	Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	198-208	RNA polymerase I subunit B	Homo sapiens	26-52
29601948-7	2018	Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	198-208	RNA polymerase I subunit B	Homo sapiens	54-60
29601948-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, POLR1B, POLE3, POLD3, and HTR2C might play important roles in obese PCOS via involvement of pyrimidine metabolism and calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	120-130	DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
29601948-7	2018	Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	198-208	DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
29601948-7	2018	Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	198-208	DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	120-140
29601948-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, POLR1B, POLE3, POLD3, and HTR2C might play important roles in obese PCOS via involvement of pyrimidine metabolism and calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	120-130	DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
29601948-7	2018	Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	198-208	DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
29601948-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, POLR1B, POLE3, POLD3, and HTR2C might play important roles in obese PCOS via involvement of pyrimidine metabolism and calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	120-130	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	54-59
29601948-7	2018	Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	198-208	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	258-289
29628435-0	2018	Dependence on the Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Enzyme DHODH Is a Synthetic Lethal Vulnerability in Mutant KRAS-Driven Cancers.	pyrimidine	18-28	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	49-54
29601948-7	2018	Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway.	pyrimidine	198-208	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	291-296
30108464-10	2018	These findings suggest that potent antidiabetics can be generated by substituting nonpolar, electron withdrawing substituents at the fourth position of pyrimidine skeleton and hydrogen bond acceptor at the nitrogen of the thiazolidine nucleus, to inhibit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.	pyrimidine	152-162	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	255-303
29899363-6	2018	Especially, amino acid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism were affected by loss of Anks3.	pyrimidine	34-44	ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 3	Mus musculus	81-86
31149530-2	2018	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is an enzyme encoded by the DPYD gene, which is responsible for the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine catabolism and breaks down more than 80% of standard doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
31149530-2	2018	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is an enzyme encoded by the DPYD gene, which is responsible for the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine catabolism and breaks down more than 80% of standard doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	66-70
29861877-5	2018	Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes.	pyrimidine	241-251	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	97-102
29880914-0	2018	Pyrimidine synthesis inhibition enhances cutaneous defenses against antibiotic resistant bacteria through activation of NOD2 signaling.	pyrimidine	0-10	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
29861877-5	2018	Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes.	pyrimidine	241-251	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
29695504-3	2018	Here we identify the pyrimidine derivative SBI-0206965 as a direct AMPK inhibitor.	pyrimidine	21-31	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
29615437-5	2018	Human AO substrates identified contained unsubstituted diazanaphthalene moieties (A77-01, INCB 28060, ML-347, LDN-193189, and SB-525334), 4-aminoquinazoline cores (lapatinib, lapatinib M1, and CL-387785), and terminal pyridine and pyrimidine groups (imatinib, bafetinib, and AMG 900).	pyrimidine	231-241	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	6-8
29845757-10	2018	Adjusted pathway analyses showed significant associations for pyrimidine biosynthesis (P = 0.04) and fluorouracil drug metabolism (P &lt; 0.01) with significant gene-chemotherapy interactions, including PON1 rs3917538.	pyrimidine	62-72	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	203-207
29861877-5	2018	Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes.	pyrimidine	241-251	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	104-108
29861877-5	2018	Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes.	pyrimidine	241-251	ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
29651531-5	2018	Results demonstrated that cells cultured in the presence or absence of GLA displayed different metabolic profiles: the treatment induced an increased purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism and a decreased amino acid metabolism.	pyrimidine	169-179	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	71-74
29738539-2	2018	In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, overexpression of the HAM1 gene encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase confers resistance to both the purine analogue 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) and the pyrimidine analogue 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Carlsson et al., 2013, PLoS One 8, e52094).	pyrimidine	202-212	nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase HAM1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
29660984-2	2018	These degraders were developed through conjugation of known pyrimidine-based ALK inhibitors, TAE684 or LDK378, and the cereblon ligand pomalidomide.	pyrimidine	60-70	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	77-80
29576270-0	2018	Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine derivatives as novel human Pin1 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	39-49	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
29576270-3	2018	Herein, a series of pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and their Pin1 inhibitory activities were evaluated.	pyrimidine	20-30	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
29551634-5	2018	Adipocyte Xbp1s overexpression drives energy mobilization and protects mice from obesity through activation of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	115-125	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	10-15
29658791-7	2018	Combining both models resulted in 22 new and confirmed HSP90-independent NR3C1 inhibitors, providing two scaffolds (i.e., pyrimidine and pyrazolo-pyrimidine), which could potentially be of interest in the treatment of depression (i.e., inhibiting the glucocorticoid receptor (i.e., NR3C1), while leaving its chaperone, HSP90, unaffected).	pyrimidine	122-132	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
30111992-1	2018	Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a pyrimidine analogue which selectively inhibits DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, and VEGF antibodies.	pyrimidine	39-49	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	120-124
29658791-7	2018	Combining both models resulted in 22 new and confirmed HSP90-independent NR3C1 inhibitors, providing two scaffolds (i.e., pyrimidine and pyrazolo-pyrimidine), which could potentially be of interest in the treatment of depression (i.e., inhibiting the glucocorticoid receptor (i.e., NR3C1), while leaving its chaperone, HSP90, unaffected).	pyrimidine	122-132	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
29658791-7	2018	Combining both models resulted in 22 new and confirmed HSP90-independent NR3C1 inhibitors, providing two scaffolds (i.e., pyrimidine and pyrazolo-pyrimidine), which could potentially be of interest in the treatment of depression (i.e., inhibiting the glucocorticoid receptor (i.e., NR3C1), while leaving its chaperone, HSP90, unaffected).	pyrimidine	122-132	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	282-287
29658791-7	2018	Combining both models resulted in 22 new and confirmed HSP90-independent NR3C1 inhibitors, providing two scaffolds (i.e., pyrimidine and pyrazolo-pyrimidine), which could potentially be of interest in the treatment of depression (i.e., inhibiting the glucocorticoid receptor (i.e., NR3C1), while leaving its chaperone, HSP90, unaffected).	pyrimidine	122-132	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	319-324
29523831-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Deoxycytidylate deaminase (DCTD) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) are potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for pyrimidine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	pyrimidine	147-157	dCMP deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-37
29391208-5	2018	When we exposed the dorsal skin of Idh2-/- mice to UVB, pyrimidine dimers and (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs), marker of photoproducts generated by UVB, were found in the dermis of the knockout mice.	pyrimidine	56-66	isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial	Mus musculus	35-39
29515256-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) tumour expression may provide added value to human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1) tumour expression in predicting survival following pyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-48
29515256-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) tumour expression may provide added value to human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1) tumour expression in predicting survival following pyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	19-29	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	141-146
29523831-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Deoxycytidylate deaminase (DCTD) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) are potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for pyrimidine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	pyrimidine	147-157	dCMP deaminase	Homo sapiens	39-43
29523831-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Deoxycytidylate deaminase (DCTD) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) are potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for pyrimidine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	pyrimidine	147-157	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	49-84
29523831-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Deoxycytidylate deaminase (DCTD) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) are potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for pyrimidine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	pyrimidine	147-157	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	86-90
29432020-1	2018	Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is used to switch on the latent singlet spin order of para-hydrogen (p-H2) so that it can hyperpolarize a substrate (sub = nicotinamide, nicotinate, niacin, pyrimidine, and pyrazine).	pyrimidine	209-219	polyhomeotic homolog 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
29632820-1	2018	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-binding enzyme essential for pyrimidine biosynthesis, which converts dihydroorotate to orotate.	pyrimidine	78-88	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
29576270-5	2018	This series of pyrimidine-based inhibitors presented time-dependent inhibition against Pin1.	pyrimidine	15-25	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
29576270-6	2018	The structure-activity relationships on the 2-, 4- and 5-positions of the pyrimidine ring were analyzed in details, which would facilitate further exploration of new Pin1 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	74-84	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
29357250-2	2018	A structure-activity-relationship study illustrates that the incorporation of a pyrimidine-fused heterocycle at position 4 of the pyrazole is critical for FLT3 and CDK inhibition.	pyrimidine	80-90	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3	Mus musculus	155-159
29487300-4	2018	Through a rational design approach, novel FLT3 inhibitors were synthesized employing a pyridine/pyrimidine warhead.	pyrimidine	96-106	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	42-46
29875994-7	2018	In addition, several components such as 3,4-dihydoxymandelate, PAPSS2, UPP1 from metabolic pathways involved in the production of purine and pyrimidine correlate with IC50.	pyrimidine	141-151	3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	63-69
29875994-7	2018	In addition, several components such as 3,4-dihydoxymandelate, PAPSS2, UPP1 from metabolic pathways involved in the production of purine and pyrimidine correlate with IC50.	pyrimidine	141-151	uridine phosphorylase 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
29422065-6	2018	Pyrimidine pathway is a vital metabolic pathway which yields in the formation of pyrimidines, which are then integrated in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in sugars (UDP sugars) and lipids (CDP lipids).	pyrimidine	0-10	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	186-189
29353721-5	2018	Compound 23 bearing pyrimidine core functionalized with catechol, pyridine and trifluoromethyl groups can effectively inhibit the PDE4B with IC50 value in nanomolar range (IC50 = 15 +- 0.4 nM).	pyrimidine	20-30	phosphodiesterase 4B, cAMP specific	Mus musculus	130-135
29314840-3	2018	We have discovered a novel series of pyrimidine-based CXCR4 antagonists, a representative (i.e., 16) of which was tolerated at a higher dose and showed better HSC-mobilizing ability at the maximal response dose relative to the approved drug 1 (AMD3100), and thus considered a potential drug candidate for PBSCT indication.	pyrimidine	37-47	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
29294328-0	2018	Improvement of cardiomyocyte function by a novel pyrimidine-based CaMKII-inhibitor.	pyrimidine	49-59	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma	Mus musculus	66-72
29294328-3	2018	We now report on the cellular and molecular effects of a novel pyrimidine-based CaMKII inhibitor developed towards clinical use.	pyrimidine	63-73	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma	Mus musculus	80-86
29462256-5	2018	Recently, irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors especially designed for this particular setting have shown robust clinical activity.	pyrimidine	23-33	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	40-44
29198867-0	2018	Design and synthesis of novel pyrimidine analogs as highly selective, non-covalent BTK inhibitors.	pyrimidine	30-40	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	83-86
29198867-2	2018	Here, we report the discovery of a series of novel pyrimidine analogs as potent, highly selective, non-covalent inhibitors of BTK.	pyrimidine	51-61	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	126-129
29045565-8	2018	The recruitment of the repair molecules, TFIIH, XPA and XPG to pyrimidine dimers was markedly inhibited by CSS.	pyrimidine	63-73	general transcription factor IIH subunit 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
29045565-8	2018	The recruitment of the repair molecules, TFIIH, XPA and XPG to pyrimidine dimers was markedly inhibited by CSS.	pyrimidine	63-73	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	48-51
29045565-8	2018	The recruitment of the repair molecules, TFIIH, XPA and XPG to pyrimidine dimers was markedly inhibited by CSS.	pyrimidine	63-73	ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease	Homo sapiens	56-59
29886824-0	2018	QSAR Studies of Halogenated Pyrimidine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Using Modified Bee Algorithm.	pyrimidine	28-38	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	74-102
29886824-3	2018	In this study, a quantitative structure-activity relationship was performed to predict the activity of one group of newly synthesized halogenated pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of DHODH.	pyrimidine	146-156	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	186-191
29146136-2	2018	Here we report the identification of several classes of pyrimidine derivatives as potent BTK and JAK3 dual inhibitors.	pyrimidine	56-66	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	89-92
29126726-0	2018	Exploration of 1,2,3-triazole-pyrimidine hybrids as potent reversal agents against ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance.	pyrimidine	30-40	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
29146136-2	2018	Here we report the identification of several classes of pyrimidine derivatives as potent BTK and JAK3 dual inhibitors.	pyrimidine	56-66	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
29126726-6	2018	Our findings indicate that the 1,2,3-triazole-pyrimidine-based derivatives may serve as an interesting lead for the development of new potent and efficacious ABCB1-dependent MDR modulators.	pyrimidine	46-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	158-163
29146136-4	2018	Additionally, these pyrimidine derivatives also exhibited enhanced activity to block the proliferation of B-cell lymphoma cells compared with the representative BTK inhibitor ibrutinib.	pyrimidine	20-30	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	161-164
28975414-1	2018	De novo synthesis of the nucleotide CTP is catalyzed by the essential pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme CTP synthase (CTPs), which forms large-scale filamentous structures consisting of CTPs termed cytoophidia in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.	pyrimidine	70-80	CTP synthase 1	Homo sapiens	101-113
28975414-1	2018	De novo synthesis of the nucleotide CTP is catalyzed by the essential pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme CTP synthase (CTPs), which forms large-scale filamentous structures consisting of CTPs termed cytoophidia in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.	pyrimidine	70-80	CTP synthase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
28975414-1	2018	De novo synthesis of the nucleotide CTP is catalyzed by the essential pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme CTP synthase (CTPs), which forms large-scale filamentous structures consisting of CTPs termed cytoophidia in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.	pyrimidine	70-80	CTP synthase 1	Homo sapiens	183-187
29800798-4	2018	Several pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors demonstrated favorable in vitro and in vivo COX-2 imaging properties in various COX-2 expressing cancer cell lines.	pyrimidine	8-18	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
29800798-4	2018	Several pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors demonstrated favorable in vitro and in vivo COX-2 imaging properties in various COX-2 expressing cancer cell lines.	pyrimidine	8-18	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
29800798-4	2018	Several pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors demonstrated favorable in vitro and in vivo COX-2 imaging properties in various COX-2 expressing cancer cell lines.	pyrimidine	8-18	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
29800798-5	2018	Here, we describe a comparative radiopharmacological study of three 18F-labeled COX-2 inhibitors based on a pyrimidine scaffold.	pyrimidine	108-118	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
29526981-8	2018	Therefore, he was diagnosed with DPD deficiency, based on DPD protein or urinary pyrimidine levels, which caused serious adverse effects of capecitabine.	pyrimidine	81-91	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
29800798-6	2018	The objective of this study was to investigate how subtle structural alterations influence the pharmacokinetic profile of lead compound [18F]1a ([18F]Pyricoxib) to afford 18F-labeled pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors with improved COX-2 imaging properties in vivo.	pyrimidine	183-193	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	200-205
29800798-6	2018	The objective of this study was to investigate how subtle structural alterations influence the pharmacokinetic profile of lead compound [18F]1a ([18F]Pyricoxib) to afford 18F-labeled pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors with improved COX-2 imaging properties in vivo.	pyrimidine	183-193	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	231-236
29800798-8	2018	Radiopharmacological profile of 18F-labeled pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors [18F]1a, [18F]2a and [18F]3a was studied in COX-2-expressing human HCA-7 colorectal cancer cell line, including cellular uptake studies in HCA-7 cells and dynamic PET imaging studies in HCA-7 xenografts.	pyrimidine	44-54	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	61-66
29800798-17	2018	CONCLUSION: The radiopharmacological profile of three 18F-labeled COX-2 inhibitors based on a pyrimidine scaffold were evaluated in COX-2 expressing human colorectal cancer cell line HCA-7 and HCA-7 xenografts in mice.	pyrimidine	94-104	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
29800798-19	2018	ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Among all tested pyrimidine-based 18F-labeled COX-2 inhibitors, lead compound [18F]1a remains the most suitable radiotracer for assessing COX-2 expression in vivo.	pyrimidine	40-50	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
29042120-4	2018	[F18]-3"-deoxy-3"-fluorothymidine labeled thymidine (FLT) is a proliferative marker which exploits the expression of pyrimidine-metabolizing enzymes.	pyrimidine	117-127	mastermind like domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	1-4
29416801-8	2018	The metabolomic alterations in IDC showed perturbations in purine and pyrimidine metabolism, amino sugar metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis etc.	pyrimidine	70-80	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	31-34
29544641-2	2018	TS is involved in the folate pathways, specifically in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	67-77	APC down-regulated 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
28544624-0	2017	Pyrimidine containing epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation.	pyrimidine	0-10	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	22-54
28952188-0	2017	Potent Pyrimidine and Pyrrolopyrimidine Inhibitors of Testis-Specific Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (TSSK2).	pyrimidine	7-17	testis specific serine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	54-95
28952188-0	2017	Potent Pyrimidine and Pyrrolopyrimidine Inhibitors of Testis-Specific Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (TSSK2).	pyrimidine	7-17	testis specific serine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	97-102
28952188-3	2017	The pyrrolopyrimidine 10 (IC50 22 nm; GSK2163632A) and the pyrimidine 17 (IC50 31 nm; ALK inhibitor 1) are the most potent TSSK2 inhibitors in these series, which contain the first sub-100 nanomolar inhibitors of any TSSK isoform reported, except for the broad kinase inhibitor staurosporine.	pyrimidine	11-21	testis specific serine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	123-128
28952188-6	2017	The future availability of a TSSK2 crystal structure will facilitate structure-based discovery of selective TSSK inhibitors from these pyrrolopyrimidine and pyrimidine scaffolds.	pyrimidine	142-152	testis specific serine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
28988756-2	2017	In this study, two series of new pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized using an efficient route, and were evaluated in terms of GLP-1 receptor agonist activity.	pyrimidine	33-43	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	143-157
29250520-3	2017	Based upon molecular docking studies of the binding mode between compound 1a and EGFR, the distance between the Michael receptor and the pyrimidine scaffold is considered as an important factor for the inhibitory potency and future design of selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors against EGFR L858R/T790M mutants.	pyrimidine	137-147	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	81-85
29250520-3	2017	Based upon molecular docking studies of the binding mode between compound 1a and EGFR, the distance between the Michael receptor and the pyrimidine scaffold is considered as an important factor for the inhibitory potency and future design of selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors against EGFR L858R/T790M mutants.	pyrimidine	137-147	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	252-256
29250520-3	2017	Based upon molecular docking studies of the binding mode between compound 1a and EGFR, the distance between the Michael receptor and the pyrimidine scaffold is considered as an important factor for the inhibitory potency and future design of selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors against EGFR L858R/T790M mutants.	pyrimidine	137-147	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	252-256
29107421-0	2017	Discovery of novel pyrrolo-pyridine/pyrimidine derivatives bearing pyridazinone moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	36-46	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	90-95
29107425-2	2017	Our team has designed and synthesized thirty novel pyrimidine based inhibitors targeting LCK, classified into four different series (amides, ureas, imines (Schiff base) and benzylamines).	pyrimidine	51-61	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	89-92
29054612-1	2017	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and catalyzes the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine.	pyrimidine	54-64	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	0-19
29054612-1	2017	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and catalyzes the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine.	pyrimidine	54-64	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
28642038-1	2017	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP, EC 3.5.2.2), encoded by the gene DPYS, is the second enzyme in the catabolic pathway of pyrimidine and of fluoropyrimidine drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, which are commonly used in anticancer treatment; DHP catalyzes the hydrolytic ring opening of dihydrouracil and dihydro-5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	0-19
28642038-1	2017	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP, EC 3.5.2.2), encoded by the gene DPYS, is the second enzyme in the catabolic pathway of pyrimidine and of fluoropyrimidine drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, which are commonly used in anticancer treatment; DHP catalyzes the hydrolytic ring opening of dihydrouracil and dihydro-5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
28642038-1	2017	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP, EC 3.5.2.2), encoded by the gene DPYS, is the second enzyme in the catabolic pathway of pyrimidine and of fluoropyrimidine drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, which are commonly used in anticancer treatment; DHP catalyzes the hydrolytic ring opening of dihydrouracil and dihydro-5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	59-63
28642038-1	2017	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP, EC 3.5.2.2), encoded by the gene DPYS, is the second enzyme in the catabolic pathway of pyrimidine and of fluoropyrimidine drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, which are commonly used in anticancer treatment; DHP catalyzes the hydrolytic ring opening of dihydrouracil and dihydro-5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	228-231
28544624-1	2017	Structure-based design and synthesis of pyrimidine containing reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors 1a-d are reported.	pyrimidine	40-50	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	73-105
28544624-1	2017	Structure-based design and synthesis of pyrimidine containing reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors 1a-d are reported.	pyrimidine	40-50	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	107-111
29073105-4	2017	Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that PAF supports GSC maintenance, in part, by influencing DNA replication and pyrimidine metabolism pathways.	pyrimidine	137-147	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	63-66
27754725-5	2017	It was proposed that bioactivation of Compound 1 occurs via the formation of a di-iminoquinone reactive intermediate through the involvement of the C-2 and C-5 nitrogens of the pyrimidine core.	pyrimidine	177-187	complement C2	Homo sapiens	148-151
27754725-5	2017	It was proposed that bioactivation of Compound 1 occurs via the formation of a di-iminoquinone reactive intermediate through the involvement of the C-2 and C-5 nitrogens of the pyrimidine core.	pyrimidine	177-187	complement C5	Homo sapiens	156-159
27754725-9	2017	Compounds 1 and 2, which bear secondary nitrogens at the C-5 of the pyrimidine core, were observed to form significant amounts of GSH/NAC-conjugates in vitro, whereas compounds with tertiary nitrogens at C-5 (Compound 3 and 4) formed no such conjugates.	pyrimidine	68-78	complement C5	Homo sapiens	57-60
28966666-7	2017	Other DEGs were enriched in the citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle; IDH1 and IDH3A) and certain DEGs were enriched in pyrimidine metabolism, including CARD8.	pyrimidine	123-133	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
28966666-7	2017	Other DEGs were enriched in the citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle; IDH1 and IDH3A) and certain DEGs were enriched in pyrimidine metabolism, including CARD8.	pyrimidine	123-133	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) 3 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	82-87
28966666-7	2017	Other DEGs were enriched in the citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle; IDH1 and IDH3A) and certain DEGs were enriched in pyrimidine metabolism, including CARD8.	pyrimidine	123-133	caspase recruitment domain family member 8	Homo sapiens	156-161
28807907-4	2017	Most importantly, we establish that pyrimidine deprivation can amplify the production of both type I and type III interferons by cells stimulated with retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) ligands.	pyrimidine	36-46	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	151-181
28807907-4	2017	Most importantly, we establish that pyrimidine deprivation can amplify the production of both type I and type III interferons by cells stimulated with retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) ligands.	pyrimidine	36-46	DExD/H-box helicase 58	Homo sapiens	183-188
28807907-6	2017	Functional and structural similarities between this new chemical series and dicoumarol, which was reported before to inhibit pyrimidine biosynthesis at the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) step, are discussed.	pyrimidine	125-135	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	156-184
28807907-6	2017	Functional and structural similarities between this new chemical series and dicoumarol, which was reported before to inhibit pyrimidine biosynthesis at the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) step, are discussed.	pyrimidine	125-135	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	186-191
28695676-0	2017	Matrin3 binds directly to intronic pyrimidine-rich sequences and controls alternative splicing.	pyrimidine	35-45	matrin 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
28847964-8	2017	Moreover, inhibition of MYC target pyrimidine synthesis genes such as CAD, UMPS, and CTPS blocked cell growth, and thus are potential targets for colorectal cancer therapy.	pyrimidine	35-45	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	24-27
28847964-8	2017	Moreover, inhibition of MYC target pyrimidine synthesis genes such as CAD, UMPS, and CTPS blocked cell growth, and thus are potential targets for colorectal cancer therapy.	pyrimidine	35-45	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	75-79
29100421-4	2017	Ten out of 22 upregulated RLEs in poorly-differentiated HCC are critical enzymes in pyrimidine metabolism pathways in association with stemness features by gene enrichment analysis and upregulated in ALDH1+ stem-like HCC subpopulations.	pyrimidine	84-94	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	200-205
28789892-5	2017	The initial structure-activity relationship studies indicated that linker-length of amine chain in C-2 position of pyrimidine ring played a crucial role in modulating the antitumor activity, which could be of help in the rational design of dihydropteridin-6(5H)-ones as novel anticancer drugs.	pyrimidine	115-125	complement C2	Homo sapiens	99-102
28695676-4	2017	Photoactivatable Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Cross-linking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) analysis using human neuronal cells showed that Matrin3 recognized pyrimidine-rich sequences as binding motifs, including the polypyrimidine tract, a splicing regulatory element.	pyrimidine	157-167	matrin 3	Homo sapiens	138-145
28695676-7	2017	These findings suggest that Matrin3 is a splicing regulator that targets intronic pyrimidine-rich sequences.	pyrimidine	82-92	matrin 3	Homo sapiens	28-35
28686218-2	2017	The active mTORC1 promotes cellular anabolic processes including protein, pyrimidine, and lipid biosynthesis, and inhibits catabolic processes such as autophagy.	pyrimidine	74-84	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	11-17
28656523-1	2017	A series of fused-pyrimidine derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their agonistic activities against human GPR119.	pyrimidine	18-28	G protein-coupled receptor 119	Homo sapiens	114-120
28835573-2	2017	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism and is important in catabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
31457693-2	2017	As shown by the crystal structure of [Cu(HL1)](ClO4)2, metal coordination takes place in the macrocyclic ring, whereas the pyrimidine residue remains available for attachment onto the surface of the MWCNTs via pi-pi stacking interactions.	pyrimidine	123-133	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
28697344-6	2017	Finally, reduced expression of TKT and CTPS, which regulate flux into pyrimidine biosynthesis, correlates with better prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients on fluoropyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	70-80	transketolase	Homo sapiens	31-34
28697344-6	2017	Finally, reduced expression of TKT and CTPS, which regulate flux into pyrimidine biosynthesis, correlates with better prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients on fluoropyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	70-80	CTP synthase 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
28540651-1	2017	A new pyrimidine derivative Schiff base ligand (HL) [HL = 2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol] and its metal(II) complexes [CuL2] (1), [CoL2] (2), [NiL2] (3) and [ZnL2] (4) have been synthesized and characterized by several spectral techniques.	pyrimidine	6-16	cullin 2	Homo sapiens	145-149
28851987-2	2017	Here we describe p53-dependent control of the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and its effect on pharmacokinetics of and response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	74-84	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	17-20
28851987-2	2017	Here we describe p53-dependent control of the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and its effect on pharmacokinetics of and response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	104-135
28851987-2	2017	Here we describe p53-dependent control of the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and its effect on pharmacokinetics of and response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	137-141
28851987-7	2017	Our data suggest that p53 plays an important role in controlling pyrimidine catabolism through repression of DPYD expression, following metabolic stress imposed by nucleotide imbalance.	pyrimidine	65-75	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	22-25
28851987-7	2017	Our data suggest that p53 plays an important role in controlling pyrimidine catabolism through repression of DPYD expression, following metabolic stress imposed by nucleotide imbalance.	pyrimidine	65-75	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	109-113
30023706-9	2017	S15 was based on the common pyrimidine core scaffold of S9 and S10.	pyrimidine	28-38	ribosomal protein S15	Homo sapiens	0-3
28658616-2	2017	Recent studies have demonstrated that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors suppress de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides.	pyrimidine	106-116	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	54-60
28483702-1	2017	As a part of our extensive structure-activity relationship study of anti-inflammatory heterocycles, a novel series of 67 polysubstituted 2-aminopyrimidines was prepared bearing one (at the C-4 position of the pyrimidine ring) or two (in the C-4 and C-6 positions) (hetero)aryl substituents attached directly through the C-C bond.	pyrimidine	144-154	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	189-192
28591622-1	2017	The CAD complex catalyzes the first four reactions of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	58-68	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
28412159-0	2017	Synthesis and evaluation of a series of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as type II c-Met inhibitors.	pyrimidine	53-63	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	87-92
28412159-1	2017	In this study, a series of novel pyridine and pyrimidine-containing derivatives were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated for their c-Met inhibitory activities.	pyrimidine	46-56	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-149
28606087-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Aspartate, which is converted from oxaloacetate (OAA) by aspartate aminotransferase, is considered an important precursor for purine salvage and pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, and is thus indispensable for the growth of Plasmodium parasites at the asexual blood stages.	pyrimidine	157-167	PBANKA_030230	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	69-95
28385889-2	2017	Na+-coupled hCNT1 and hCNT2 transport pyrimidine and purine nucleosides, respectively, whereas hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides utilizing Na+ and/or H+ electrochemical gradients.	pyrimidine	38-48	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
28385889-2	2017	Na+-coupled hCNT1 and hCNT2 transport pyrimidine and purine nucleosides, respectively, whereas hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides utilizing Na+ and/or H+ electrochemical gradients.	pyrimidine	38-48	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
28385889-2	2017	Na+-coupled hCNT1 and hCNT2 transport pyrimidine and purine nucleosides, respectively, whereas hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides utilizing Na+ and/or H+ electrochemical gradients.	pyrimidine	117-127	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	95-100
28552578-0	2017	Structural Insight into the Core of CAD, the Multifunctional Protein Leading De Novo Pyrimidine Biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	85-95	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
28408218-0	2017	Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine derivatives with diverse azabicyclic ether/amine as novel GPR119 agonist.	pyrimidine	39-49	G protein-coupled receptor 119	Homo sapiens	108-114
28408218-1	2017	A class of novel pyrimidine derivatives bearing diverse conformationally restricted azabicyclic ether/amine were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their GPR119 agonist activities against type 2 diabetes.	pyrimidine	17-27	G protein-coupled receptor 119	Homo sapiens	159-165
28349270-4	2017	Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine pathway responsible for DNA replication.	pyrimidine	66-76	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-20
28538732-9	2017	CPS1 loss reduces the pyrimidine to purine ratio, compromises S-phase progression and induces DNA-polymerase stalling and DNA damage.	pyrimidine	22-32	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28538732-0	2017	CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells.	pyrimidine	15-25	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28349270-4	2017	Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine pathway responsible for DNA replication.	pyrimidine	66-76	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	22-26
28359792-0	2017	4-Anilino-pyrimidine, novel aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors bearing pyrimidine structures.	pyrimidine	10-20	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	28-48
28318037-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2), a critical enzyme in the mitochondrial pyrimidine salvage pathway, is essential for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance.	pyrimidine	76-86	thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	11-29
28318037-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2), a critical enzyme in the mitochondrial pyrimidine salvage pathway, is essential for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance.	pyrimidine	76-86	thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	31-34
28359792-0	2017	4-Anilino-pyrimidine, novel aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors bearing pyrimidine structures.	pyrimidine	10-20	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	50-57
27809417-0	2017	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrimidine derivatives as potential inhibitors of human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV.	pyrimidine	48-58	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	104-150
27809417-2	2017	Here, we report design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of seven pyrimidine-substituted novel inhibitors of CAMKIV.	pyrimidine	70-80	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	113-119
28219337-4	2017	RESULTS: In Sst-neurons, the DEGs by nicotine were associated with glycerophospholipid and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; while in Thy1-neurons those related to immune response and purine and pyrimidine metabolisms were affected.	pyrimidine	201-211	somatostatin	Mus musculus	12-15
28346230-0	2017	Glutaminase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors suppress pyrimidine synthesis and VHL-deficient renal cancers.	pyrimidine	64-74	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	16-43
28346230-4	2017	Here we have shown that VHL-/- RCC cells rely on RC-derived aspartate to maintain de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	90-100	von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	24-27
28242553-0	2017	Design, synthesis and evaluation of derivatives based on pyrimidine scaffold as potent Pan-Raf inhibitors to overcome resistance.	pyrimidine	57-67	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	91-94
28242553-2	2017	Described herein is the discovery and characterization of a series of pyrimidine scaffold with DFG-out conformation as potent Pan-Raf inhibitors.	pyrimidine	70-80	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	130-133
28196676-1	2017	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is the key enzyme in de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.	pyrimidine	82-92	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
28196676-1	2017	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is the key enzyme in de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.	pyrimidine	82-92	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
28267985-2	2017	In this contribution, selected pyrimidine/piperidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for the ability to activate/deactivate Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	pyrimidine	31-41	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	132-157
28267985-2	2017	In this contribution, selected pyrimidine/piperidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for the ability to activate/deactivate Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	pyrimidine	31-41	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	159-162
28267985-2	2017	In this contribution, selected pyrimidine/piperidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for the ability to activate/deactivate Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	pyrimidine	31-41	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	168-191
28267985-2	2017	In this contribution, selected pyrimidine/piperidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for the ability to activate/deactivate Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	pyrimidine	31-41	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	193-195
28255082-0	2017	PTEN Regulates Glutamine Flux to Pyrimidine Synthesis and Sensitivity to Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibition.	pyrimidine	33-43	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	0-4
28255082-2	2017	Here, we found that increased growth of PTEN-mutant cells was dependent on glutamine flux through the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, which created sensitivity to the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a rate-limiting enzyme for pyrimidine ring synthesis.	pyrimidine	110-120	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	40-44
28255082-2	2017	Here, we found that increased growth of PTEN-mutant cells was dependent on glutamine flux through the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, which created sensitivity to the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a rate-limiting enzyme for pyrimidine ring synthesis.	pyrimidine	244-254	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	40-44
28139855-4	2017	We found a significant metabolic dysregulation including purine, pyrimidine, lysine, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways in astrocytes expressing an ALS-causing mutated superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) when co-cultured with motoneurons.	pyrimidine	65-75	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	177-199
28435533-1	2017	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme necessary for pyrimidine biosynthesis in protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, the causative agents of malaria.	pyrimidine	64-74	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	30-35
27935283-1	2017	Deoxynucleoside kinase from D. melanogaster (DmdNK) has broad specificity; although it catalyzes the phosphorylation of natural pyrimidine more efficiently than natural purine nucleosides, it accepts all four 2"-deoxynucleosides and many analogues, using ATP as a phosphate donor to give the corresponding deoxynucleoside monophosphates.	pyrimidine	128-138	deoxyribonucleoside kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-22
27935283-1	2017	Deoxynucleoside kinase from D. melanogaster (DmdNK) has broad specificity; although it catalyzes the phosphorylation of natural pyrimidine more efficiently than natural purine nucleosides, it accepts all four 2"-deoxynucleosides and many analogues, using ATP as a phosphate donor to give the corresponding deoxynucleoside monophosphates.	pyrimidine	128-138	deoxyribonucleoside kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	45-50
28130447-3	2017	MBNL proteins are alternative splicing regulators that bind to the consensus RNA sequence YGCY (Y = pyrimidine).	pyrimidine	100-110	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28270195-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis by blocking the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) activity, the prime target of leflunomide (LEF), has been proven to be an effective strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment.	pyrimidine	30-40	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	70-98
28270195-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis by blocking the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) activity, the prime target of leflunomide (LEF), has been proven to be an effective strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment.	pyrimidine	30-40	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	100-105
28219337-4	2017	RESULTS: In Sst-neurons, the DEGs by nicotine were associated with glycerophospholipid and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; while in Thy1-neurons those related to immune response and purine and pyrimidine metabolisms were affected.	pyrimidine	201-211	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	140-144
28059509-3	2017	To increase structural diversity of this class of CB1 ligands, we designed and synthesized two classes of novel analogues, in which the pyridine ring of 2 was replaced by a pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	173-183	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
27933695-3	2017	Our DMRG-SCF results reveal that a minimal active orbital space that leads to a qualitatively correct description of the resonance Raman spectrum of uracil should encompass parts of the sigma/sigma* bonding/anti-bonding orbitals of the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	236-246	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	9-12
27933961-2	2016	Crystal structures of prototypical members bound to the ATP-binding site of TNNI3K reveal two anchoring hydrogen bond contacts: (1) from the hinge region amide N-H to the pyrimidine nitrogen and (2) from the sulfonamide N-H to the gatekeeper threonine.	pyrimidine	171-181	TNNI3 interacting kinase	Homo sapiens	76-82
28121118-6	2017	The resultant novel pyrimidine emitters, called Ac-XMHPMs (X = 1, 2, and 3), contain different numbers of bulky methyl substituents at acceptor moieties, increasing the excited singlet (ES) and triplet state (ET) energies.	pyrimidine	20-30	xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1	Homo sapiens	59-74
28177875-6	2017	In addition, by analyzing the metabolic profiles of long-lived germline-less glp-1 mutants, we discovered that glp-1 mutants regulate the levels of many age-variant metabolites to attenuate aging, including elevated concentrations of the pyrimidine and purine metabolism intermediates and decreased concentrations of the citric acid cycle intermediates.	pyrimidine	238-248	glp-1/Notch intracellular domain	Caenorhabditis elegans	111-116
28177875-7	2017	Interestingly, by analyzing the metabolome of daf-16;glp-1 double mutants, our results revealed that some metabolic exchange contributing to germline-mediated longevity was mediated by transcription factor FOXO/DAF-16, including pyrimidine metabolism and the TCA cycle.	pyrimidine	229-239	Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O	Caenorhabditis elegans	46-52
28177875-7	2017	Interestingly, by analyzing the metabolome of daf-16;glp-1 double mutants, our results revealed that some metabolic exchange contributing to germline-mediated longevity was mediated by transcription factor FOXO/DAF-16, including pyrimidine metabolism and the TCA cycle.	pyrimidine	229-239	glp-1/Notch intracellular domain	Caenorhabditis elegans	53-58
27966948-4	2017	In this article, we report the discovery of extremely potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable fused pyrimidine derivatives that possess a 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl group as a novel ZBG for selective MMP-13 inhibition.	pyrimidine	110-120	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Bos taurus	202-208
27718474-5	2017	Computational docking was effected at the A1 and A2A subtypes, rationalizing the effect of the 4-hydroxycyclohexyl substituent on selectivity, in relation with the nature of the substituent on the 5-position of the pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	215-225	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	42-44
28950952-1	2017	Metabotropic pyrimidine and purine nucleotide receptors (P2Y receptors) are expressed in virtually all cells with implications in very diverse biological functions, including the well-established platelet aggregation (P2Y12), but also immune regulation and inflammation.	pyrimidine	13-23	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	218-223
27553092-1	2017	beta-Ureidopropionase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease affecting the last step of pyrimidine degradation, and it is caused by a mutation in the UPB1 gene.	pyrimidine	98-108	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
27553092-1	2017	beta-Ureidopropionase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease affecting the last step of pyrimidine degradation, and it is caused by a mutation in the UPB1 gene.	pyrimidine	98-108	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
28091907-1	2017	Hepatoprotective properties of a new pyrimidine derivative - L-ascorbate 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-2-one, synthesized on the basis Xymedon, were assessed in white rats exposed to CCl4.	pyrimidine	37-47	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	207-211
27897106-2	2017	METHODS: The article describes the development of a robust selectivity for CA XII QSAR and 3DQSAR models of 40 benzenesulfonamide derivatives bearing pyrimidine moieties using PHASE module of Schrodinger for 3D-QSAR or E-DRAGON and R software for 2D-QSAR.	pyrimidine	150-160	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	75-81
27666600-3	2016	Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, and increased expression of TS is thought to be associated with resistance to cisplatin.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-20
27666600-3	2016	Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, and increased expression of TS is thought to be associated with resistance to cisplatin.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	22-24
28007989-4	2017	CAD encodes a multifunctional enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	57-67	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
27912175-1	2017	A new series of diphenylpyrimidine derivatives (DPPYs) bearing various aniline side chains at the C-2 position of pyrimidine core were synthesized as potent BTK inhibitors.	pyrimidine	24-34	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	157-160
27912175-6	2017	These explorations provided new clues to discover pyrimidine scaffold as more effective BTK inhibitors.	pyrimidine	50-60	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	88-91
27721149-6	2017	DHODH is involved in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis of the malarial parasite which acts as a primary source of energy for its survival.	pyrimidine	33-43	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-5
27905394-5	2016	We show that reversal of pyrimidine dimers by UVR2 photolyase is the major mechanism required for sustaining plant genome stability across generations under UV-B.	pyrimidine	25-35	photolyase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-50
27980733-9	2016	RESULTS: Oxidative phosphorylation and pyrimidine metabolism were identified as the most dysregulated pathways in lethal tumors (p &lt; 0.007), and within these pathways, a number of novel differentially expressed genes were identified including POLR2K and APT6V1A.	pyrimidine	39-49	RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit K	Homo sapiens	246-252
27906629-7	2016	These results indicate that UCK2 in neuroblastoma might be used as a selective target for chemotherapy using UCK2-dependent pyrimidine analogues.	pyrimidine	124-134	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
27906629-7	2016	These results indicate that UCK2 in neuroblastoma might be used as a selective target for chemotherapy using UCK2-dependent pyrimidine analogues.	pyrimidine	124-134	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
27783978-1	2016	Thymidine phosphorylase (TP, EC 2.4.2.4), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvage pathway, is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and gliostatin.	pyrimidine	64-74	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	108-155
27798827-2	2016	The combination of the replacement of a pyridine ring of 9 with a pyrimidine ring and the introduction of an additional fluorine substituent at the 2-position of the phenyl ring resulted in the discovery of a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor, 18a (SKI2852), which demonstrated no CYP and PXR liabilities, excellent PK profiles across species, and highly potent and sustainable PD activity.	pyrimidine	66-76	peptidyl-prolyl isomerase G (cyclophilin G)	Mus musculus	300-303
27798827-2	2016	The combination of the replacement of a pyridine ring of 9 with a pyrimidine ring and the introduction of an additional fluorine substituent at the 2-position of the phenyl ring resulted in the discovery of a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor, 18a (SKI2852), which demonstrated no CYP and PXR liabilities, excellent PK profiles across species, and highly potent and sustainable PD activity.	pyrimidine	66-76	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	Mus musculus	308-311
27687967-3	2016	New pyrimidine derivatives 5-14 were designed in an attempt to enhance the renin inhibitory activity of compound 3 identified by our previous fragment-based drug design approach.	pyrimidine	4-14	renin	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
27597161-1	2016	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme that involves in the fourth step of the biosynthesis of pyrimidine base.	pyrimidine	142-152	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	6-34
27597161-1	2016	Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme that involves in the fourth step of the biosynthesis of pyrimidine base.	pyrimidine	142-152	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	36-42
27853385-3	2016	In particular, ultraviolet B radiation causes direct damage to the DNA, producing pyrimidine dimers that suppress the protective role of p53.	pyrimidine	82-92	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	137-140
27530298-1	2016	The cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1 and SHMT2, respectively) are well-recognized targets of cancer research, since their activity is critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and because of their prominent role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.	pyrimidine	204-214	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
27530298-1	2016	The cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1 and SHMT2, respectively) are well-recognized targets of cancer research, since their activity is critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and because of their prominent role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.	pyrimidine	204-214	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
27573423-1	2016	AC0010 is a pyrrolopyrimidine-based irreversible EGFR inhibitor, structurally distinct from previously reported pyrimidine-based irreversible EGFR inhibitors, such as osimertinib and rociletinib.	pyrimidine	19-29	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	49-53
27803254-2	2016	In yeast, the enzyme cytosine deaminase (encoded by FCY1) is involved in pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	73-83	cytosine deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
27428308-5	2016	Yap1 directly enhances glutamine synthetase (glul) expression and activity, elevating steady-state levels of glutamine and enhancing the relative isotopic enrichment of nitrogen during de novo purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	204-214	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Danio rerio	0-4
27239701-9	2016	The discovery that UCK2 is highly expressed in neuroblastoma opens the possibility for selectively targeting neuroblastoma cells using UCK2-dependent pyrimidine analogues, while sparing normal tissues.	pyrimidine	150-160	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
27239701-9	2016	The discovery that UCK2 is highly expressed in neuroblastoma opens the possibility for selectively targeting neuroblastoma cells using UCK2-dependent pyrimidine analogues, while sparing normal tissues.	pyrimidine	150-160	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	135-139
27325794-3	2016	In the present study, we show that exposure of HeLa cells to decitabine up-regulates the expression of several pyrimidine metabolic enzymes including DCTPP1, dUTPase, dCMP deaminase and thymidylate synthase, thus suggesting their contribution to the cellular response to this anti-cancer nucleoside.	pyrimidine	111-121	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	158-165
27325794-3	2016	In the present study, we show that exposure of HeLa cells to decitabine up-regulates the expression of several pyrimidine metabolic enzymes including DCTPP1, dUTPase, dCMP deaminase and thymidylate synthase, thus suggesting their contribution to the cellular response to this anti-cancer nucleoside.	pyrimidine	111-121	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	186-206
27528752-2	2016	PTBP1 has four RNA binding domains of the RNA recognition motif (RRM) family, each of which can bind to pyrimidine motifs.	pyrimidine	104-114	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
27371922-2	2016	The carbonyl linker bearing B phenyl arm was successfully attached at both C-2 and C-4 positions of the central pyrimidine ring using a new synthetic approach.	pyrimidine	112-122	complement C2	Homo sapiens	75-78
27371922-2	2016	The carbonyl linker bearing B phenyl arm was successfully attached at both C-2 and C-4 positions of the central pyrimidine ring using a new synthetic approach.	pyrimidine	112-122	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	83-86
27371922-3	2016	Further modifications of target compounds are present at C-5 position of the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	77-87	complement C5	Homo sapiens	57-60
27994736-1	2016	Based on the pyrimidine skeleton of EGFRT790M inhibitors, a series of N,9-diphenyl-9H-purin-2-amine derivatives were identified as effective BTK inhibitors.	pyrimidine	13-23	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	141-144
27481247-0	2016	Pyrimidine Pathway-Dependent and -Independent Functions of the Toxoplasma gondii Mitochondrial Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase.	pyrimidine	0-10	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	95-123
27481247-1	2016	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a proven drug target for inducing immunosuppression in therapy of human disease as well as a rapidly emerging drug target for treatment of malaria.	pyrimidine	73-83	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
27481247-1	2016	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a proven drug target for inducing immunosuppression in therapy of human disease as well as a rapidly emerging drug target for treatment of malaria.	pyrimidine	73-83	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
27513093-2	2016	An internal screening effort identified a pyrimidine Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 dual agonist.	pyrimidine	42-52	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	53-73
27325794-3	2016	In the present study, we show that exposure of HeLa cells to decitabine up-regulates the expression of several pyrimidine metabolic enzymes including DCTPP1, dUTPase, dCMP deaminase and thymidylate synthase, thus suggesting their contribution to the cellular response to this anti-cancer nucleoside.	pyrimidine	111-121	dCTP pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	150-156
27558694-4	2016	RESULTS: Disruption of the carA gene (DeltacarA) which encodes the predicted small chain of carbamoylphosphate synthetase, resulted in arginine and pyrimidine auxotrophy in Pseudomonas syringae pv.	pyrimidine	148-158	glutamine-hydrolyzing carbamoyl-phosphate synthase small subunit	Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000	27-31
27383768-0	2016	A balanced pyrimidine pool is required for optimal Chk1 activation to prevent ultrafine anaphase bridge formation.	pyrimidine	11-21	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
27391060-1	2016	Leflunomide (LEF), an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is an immunomodulatory agent approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	pyrimidine	75-85	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	35-63
27391060-1	2016	Leflunomide (LEF), an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is an immunomodulatory agent approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	pyrimidine	75-85	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	65-70
27133204-1	2016	Plasmodium dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a mitochondrial membrane-associated flavoenzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	148-158	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	11-39
27133204-1	2016	Plasmodium dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a mitochondrial membrane-associated flavoenzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	148-158	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	41-46
27428308-5	2016	Yap1 directly enhances glutamine synthetase (glul) expression and activity, elevating steady-state levels of glutamine and enhancing the relative isotopic enrichment of nitrogen during de novo purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	204-214	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase) c	Danio rerio	23-43
26861612-4	2016	Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase) is an important enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of orotate to orotate monophosphate in the fifth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	156-166	orotate phosphoribosyltransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	0-34
27383140-0	2016	Pyrimidine-based fluorescent COX-2 inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation.	pyrimidine	0-10	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
27383140-2	2016	Three novel and selective fluorescent COX-2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized on the basis of previously reported pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors and the 7-nitrobenzofurazan fluorophore.	pyrimidine	126-136	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
27383140-2	2016	Three novel and selective fluorescent COX-2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized on the basis of previously reported pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors and the 7-nitrobenzofurazan fluorophore.	pyrimidine	126-136	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
27210433-3	2016	The preliminary structure-activity relationship was discussed and the primary amino group at the C-4 position of pyrimidine was crucial for maintaining BTK activity.	pyrimidine	113-123	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	152-155
27002306-4	2016	In the present study, we show that Y-632, a novel pyrimidine derivative, inhibited Hsp90 in a different way from the conventional Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin.	pyrimidine	50-60	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
27321996-0	2016	Rewiring of the Ppr1 Zinc Cluster Transcription Factor from Purine Catabolism to Pyrimidine Biogenesis in the Saccharomycetaceae.	pyrimidine	81-91	Ppr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-20
27321996-6	2016	Intriguingly, in S. cerevisiae, the Ppr1 ortholog binds the same DNA motif (CGG(N6)CCG) as in C. albicans but serves as a regulator of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	135-145	Ppr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-40
27321996-8	2016	This transfer of the control of allantoin degradation from Ppr1 to Dal82, together with the repositioning of Ppr1 to the regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis, may have resulted from a switch to a metabolism that could exploit hypoxic conditions in the lineage leading to N. castellii and S. cerevisiae.	pyrimidine	135-145	Ppr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	109-113
27133739-4	2016	Derivatives containing hydroxyl groups at the C-4 and C-6 positions of pyrimidine ring were devoid of any influence on NO and PGE2.	pyrimidine	71-81	complement component 6	Mus musculus	54-57
26861612-4	2016	Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase) is an important enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of orotate to orotate monophosphate in the fifth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	156-166	orotate phosphoribosyltransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	36-43
27072556-9	2016	Besides, docking calculations suggested that dTDP could bind LvAK in the same cavity where ATP bind, and LvAK basic residues (Arg124, 126 and 309) stabilize the dTDP phosphate groups and the pyrimidine base interact with His284 and Ser122.	pyrimidine	191-201	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog	Drosophila melanogaster	45-49
27146198-9	2016	We found that imidazole and pyrimidine rings of 6-ClG undergo expansion and contraction, respectively, following photoexcitation to the Bb state.	pyrimidine	28-38	pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G2	Homo sapiens	50-53
26959646-6	2016	We show that the presence and position of pyrimidine-purine base steps within the major groove interfaces affect both local DNA bending and minor groove compression to modulate affinities and lifetimes of Fis-DNA complexes.	pyrimidine	42-52	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1554	Homo sapiens	205-208
26804652-1	2016	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil, thymine and the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
26804652-3	2016	Here we report an in-depth analysis of genetic variants in DPYD and their consequences for DPD activity and pyrimidine metabolites in 100 Dutch healthy volunteers.	pyrimidine	108-118	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	59-63
27022197-0	2016	Restricting Glutamine or Glutamine-Dependent Purine and Pyrimidine Syntheses Promotes Human T Cells with High FOXP3 Expression and Regulatory Properties.	pyrimidine	56-66	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	110-115
27022197-5	2016	The shift toward FOXP3(hi)CD4 T cells under Gln restriction was recapitulated with inhibitors of Gln-dependent pyrimidine and purine syntheses that together closely mimicked declining cell numbers and cell cycles, and by small interfering RNA knockdown of the respective rate-limiting Gln-consuming enzymes CAD and PPAT.	pyrimidine	111-121	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	17-22
26937601-3	2016	Optimization of the pyrimidine substituent that binds in the S2"-S2"" pocket of BACE1 remediated time-dependent CYP3A4 inhibition of earlier analogues in this series and imparted high BACE1 affinity.	pyrimidine	20-30	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
26937601-3	2016	Optimization of the pyrimidine substituent that binds in the S2"-S2"" pocket of BACE1 remediated time-dependent CYP3A4 inhibition of earlier analogues in this series and imparted high BACE1 affinity.	pyrimidine	20-30	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-189
26826708-6	2016	Recombinant human LACTB2 displayed robust endoribonuclease activity on ssRNA with a preference for cleavage after purine-pyrimidine sequences.	pyrimidine	121-131	lactamase beta 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
26776360-0	2016	Design and discovery of new pyrimidine coupled nitrogen aromatic rings as chelating groups of JMJD3 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	28-38	KDM1 lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6B	Mus musculus	94-99
27308634-2	2016	We found that downregulation of ASS1 results in preferential utilization of its substrate, aspartate, for pyrimidine synthesis to support cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	106-116	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
26783179-2	2016	The interaction and binding behavior of three designed inhibitors of human CAMKIV, containing pyrimidine scaffold, was monitored by in vitro fluorescence titration and molecular docking calculations under physiological condition.	pyrimidine	94-104	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	75-81
26783179-3	2016	In silico docking studies were performed to screen several compounds containing pyrimidine scaffold against CAMKIV.	pyrimidine	80-90	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	108-114
26609109-0	2016	Hypermutation of DPYD Deregulates Pyrimidine Metabolism and Promotes Malignant Progression.	pyrimidine	34-44	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	17-21
29403963-0	2016	Spectroscopic analysis on the binding interaction of biologically active pyrimidine derivative with bovine serum albumin.	pyrimidine	73-83	albumin	Homo sapiens	107-120
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	46-50
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	98-102
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	adenylate kinase 9	Homo sapiens	104-107
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	calcium activated nucleotidase 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	121-127
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6	Homo sapiens	129-133
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	135-141
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	DNA polymerase theta	Homo sapiens	149-153
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	RNA polymerase III subunit B	Homo sapiens	155-161
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	DNA primase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	163-168
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	REV3 like, DNA directed polymerase zeta catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
26609109-4	2016	In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate.	pyrimidine	20-30	uridine phosphorylase 2	Homo sapiens	181-185
26609109-6	2016	Somatic mutations of DPYD are associated with upregulation of pyrimidine degradation, nucleotide synthesis, and nucleic acid processing while salvage and nucleotide conversion is downregulated in TCGA SKCM.	pyrimidine	62-72	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	21-25
26609109-7	2016	IMPLICATIONS: At a systems biology level, somatic mutations of DPYD cause a switch in pyrimidine metabolism and promote gene expression of pyrimidine enzymes toward malignant progression.	pyrimidine	86-96	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	63-67
26712094-1	2016	Exploration of the two-position side chain of pyrimidine in LDK378 with tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) led to discovery of 8 and 17 as highly potent ALK inhibitors.	pyrimidine	46-56	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	150-153
26657846-5	2016	We identified CIPC-binding proteins such as the multifunctional enzyme CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase), which is a key enzyme for de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	202-212	CLOCK interacting protein, circadian	Mus musculus	14-18
26330540-4	2015	In vitro kinetic study showed hnRNP K binds miR-122 with a nanomolar dissociation constant, in which the short pyrimidine-rich residues in the central and 3" portion of the miR-122 were required for hnRNP K binding.	pyrimidine	111-121	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K	Homo sapiens	30-37
26277606-2	2016	Pemetrexed is an antifolate compound with the ability to inhibit enzymes (TS, DHFR and GARFT) involved in pyrimidine and purine synthesis.	pyrimidine	106-116	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	78-82
26454882-7	2015	THI1 and THIC are the first committed steps in the synthesis of the thiazole and pyrimidine moieties, respectively.	pyrimidine	81-91	thiazole biosynthetic enzyme, chloroplast (ARA6) (THI1) (THI4)	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
26454882-7	2015	THI1 and THIC are the first committed steps in the synthesis of the thiazole and pyrimidine moieties, respectively.	pyrimidine	81-91	thiaminC	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
26798593-6	2015	Two new studies have shown that two covalent pyrimidine inhibitors-AZD9291 and rociletinib of EGFR-T790M (i.e., third generation EGFR TKIs) shown remarkable clinical activity in patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib, gefitinib and afatinib when the tumor carries EGFR-T790M in conjunction with an activating mutation.	pyrimidine	45-55	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	94-98
26798593-6	2015	Two new studies have shown that two covalent pyrimidine inhibitors-AZD9291 and rociletinib of EGFR-T790M (i.e., third generation EGFR TKIs) shown remarkable clinical activity in patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib, gefitinib and afatinib when the tumor carries EGFR-T790M in conjunction with an activating mutation.	pyrimidine	45-55	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	129-133
26798593-6	2015	Two new studies have shown that two covalent pyrimidine inhibitors-AZD9291 and rociletinib of EGFR-T790M (i.e., third generation EGFR TKIs) shown remarkable clinical activity in patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib, gefitinib and afatinib when the tumor carries EGFR-T790M in conjunction with an activating mutation.	pyrimidine	45-55	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	129-133
26560030-5	2015	Here we show that decreased activity of ASS1 in cancers supports proliferation by facilitating pyrimidine synthesis via CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase complex) activation.	pyrimidine	95-105	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
26560030-7	2015	We find that in citrullinaemia type I (CTLN I), which is caused by deficiency of ASS1, there is increased pyrimidine synthesis and proliferation compared with citrullinaemia type II (CTLN II), in which there is decreased substrate availability for ASS1 caused by deficiency of the aspartate transporter citrin.	pyrimidine	106-116	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
26560030-10	2015	Our results demonstrate that ASS1 downregulation is a novel mechanism supporting cancerous proliferation, and they provide a metabolic link between the urea cycle enzymes and pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	175-185	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
25496219-2	2015	Gemcitabine, a pyrimidine analogue, has been reported to be efficacious in CTCL.	pyrimidine	15-25	TSPY like 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
26330540-4	2015	In vitro kinetic study showed hnRNP K binds miR-122 with a nanomolar dissociation constant, in which the short pyrimidine-rich residues in the central and 3" portion of the miR-122 were required for hnRNP K binding.	pyrimidine	111-121	microRNA 122	Homo sapiens	44-51
26330540-4	2015	In vitro kinetic study showed hnRNP K binds miR-122 with a nanomolar dissociation constant, in which the short pyrimidine-rich residues in the central and 3" portion of the miR-122 were required for hnRNP K binding.	pyrimidine	111-121	microRNA 122	Homo sapiens	173-180
26330540-4	2015	In vitro kinetic study showed hnRNP K binds miR-122 with a nanomolar dissociation constant, in which the short pyrimidine-rich residues in the central and 3" portion of the miR-122 were required for hnRNP K binding.	pyrimidine	111-121	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K	Homo sapiens	199-206
25953684-2	2015	This expanded repeat, also known as the rare fragile site FRAXA, causes X chromosome fragility in cultured cells from patients but only when induced by perturbing pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	163-173	fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(X)(q27.3) A (macroorchidism, mental retardation)	Homo sapiens	58-63
26378882-1	2015	Screening of a fragment library for PDE10A inhibitors identified a low molecular weight pyrimidine hit with PDE10A Ki of 8700 nM and LE of 0.59.	pyrimidine	88-98	phosphodiesterase 10A	Homo sapiens	36-42
26378882-1	2015	Screening of a fragment library for PDE10A inhibitors identified a low molecular weight pyrimidine hit with PDE10A Ki of 8700 nM and LE of 0.59.	pyrimidine	88-98	phosphodiesterase 10A	Homo sapiens	108-114
26401847-0	2015	Structure-Activity Relationship of Indole-Tethered Pyrimidine Derivatives that Concurrently Inhibit Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Other Angiokinases.	pyrimidine	51-61	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	100-132
26141568-10	2015	These results identify redoxal as an inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and suggest its ability to inhibit pyrimidine biosynthesis suppresses viral replication by augmenting A3G antiviral activity.	pyrimidine	103-113	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	170-173
26177397-12	2015	In addition pyrimidine dimers have been shown to trigger UV induced immunosuppression, which also plays an important role in photocarcinogenesis, partly by upregulation of IL-10, an immunosuppressive cytokine.	pyrimidine	12-22	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	172-177
26401847-7	2015	Additionally, a study of structure-activity relationships of indolylamino or indolyloxy pyrimidine analogues derived from MKP101 demonstrated that selectivity for epidermal growth factor receptor and other angiokinases, especially vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 depends on the position of substituents on pyrimidine and the type of link between pyrimidine and the indole moiety.	pyrimidine	88-98	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	163-195
26401847-7	2015	Additionally, a study of structure-activity relationships of indolylamino or indolyloxy pyrimidine analogues derived from MKP101 demonstrated that selectivity for epidermal growth factor receptor and other angiokinases, especially vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 depends on the position of substituents on pyrimidine and the type of link between pyrimidine and the indole moiety.	pyrimidine	88-98	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	231-265
26401847-7	2015	Additionally, a study of structure-activity relationships of indolylamino or indolyloxy pyrimidine analogues derived from MKP101 demonstrated that selectivity for epidermal growth factor receptor and other angiokinases, especially vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 depends on the position of substituents on pyrimidine and the type of link between pyrimidine and the indole moiety.	pyrimidine	320-330	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	163-195
26401847-8	2015	We believe that this study could provide a basis for developing angiokinase inhibitors having high affinity for the epidermal growth factor receptor, from the pyrimidine scaffold.	pyrimidine	159-169	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	116-148
26287310-4	2015	2-Aminoimidazolinyl, 2-thioimidazolinyl, and 2-aminooxazolinyl units were shown to be effective replacements for the pyrimidine ring present in many other 2-(aminophenyl)-benzamides previously reported, but the 2-aminooxazolinyl unit was the most potent in inhibiting HDAC3-NCoR2.	pyrimidine	117-127	histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens	268-273
26287310-4	2015	2-Aminoimidazolinyl, 2-thioimidazolinyl, and 2-aminooxazolinyl units were shown to be effective replacements for the pyrimidine ring present in many other 2-(aminophenyl)-benzamides previously reported, but the 2-aminooxazolinyl unit was the most potent in inhibiting HDAC3-NCoR2.	pyrimidine	117-127	nuclear receptor corepressor 2	Homo sapiens	274-279
26036643-1	2015	UNLABELLED: Irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors, including WZ4002, selectively inhibit both EGFR-activating and EGFR inhibitor-resistant T790M mutations more potently than wild-type EGFR.	pyrimidine	25-35	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	42-46
26036643-1	2015	UNLABELLED: Irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors, including WZ4002, selectively inhibit both EGFR-activating and EGFR inhibitor-resistant T790M mutations more potently than wild-type EGFR.	pyrimidine	25-35	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	102-106
26036643-1	2015	UNLABELLED: Irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors, including WZ4002, selectively inhibit both EGFR-activating and EGFR inhibitor-resistant T790M mutations more potently than wild-type EGFR.	pyrimidine	25-35	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	102-106
26036643-1	2015	UNLABELLED: Irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors, including WZ4002, selectively inhibit both EGFR-activating and EGFR inhibitor-resistant T790M mutations more potently than wild-type EGFR.	pyrimidine	25-35	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	102-106
25948633-1	2015	PURPOSE: Mutant selective irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR kinase inhibitors, including WZ4002, CO-1686, and AZD9291, are effective in preclinical models and in lung cancer patients harboring the EGFR T790M gefitinib/erlotinib resistance mutation.	pyrimidine	39-49	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	198-202
25948633-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide insights into resistance mechanisms to irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors and identify specific genomic contexts in which sensitivity is retained to existing clinical EGFR inhibitors.	pyrimidine	86-96	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	103-107
25948633-0	2015	EGFR Mutations and Resistance to Irreversible Pyrimidine-Based EGFR Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	46-56	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
25948633-0	2015	EGFR Mutations and Resistance to Irreversible Pyrimidine-Based EGFR Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	46-56	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	63-67
25948633-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide insights into resistance mechanisms to irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors and identify specific genomic contexts in which sensitivity is retained to existing clinical EGFR inhibitors.	pyrimidine	86-96	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	212-216
25948633-1	2015	PURPOSE: Mutant selective irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR kinase inhibitors, including WZ4002, CO-1686, and AZD9291, are effective in preclinical models and in lung cancer patients harboring the EGFR T790M gefitinib/erlotinib resistance mutation.	pyrimidine	39-49	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	56-60
26479408-3	2015	The molecular mechanism underlying this rather specific regulation likely involves a pyrimidine-rich sequence stretch near the putative transcriptional start site within the 5" untranslated region of the Nedd4-1 mRNA, which may play a crucial role in directing the assembly of the protein translation machinery.	pyrimidine	85-95	NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	204-211
26271729-1	2015	Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of uracil to uridine monophosphate (UMP).	pyrimidine	45-55	krishah	Drosophila melanogaster	34-38
26048793-3	2015	We discovered a series of potent and selective imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and -pyrimidine RORc inverse agonists.	pyrimidine	75-85	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	86-90
26088338-3	2015	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway which is an important target for anti-hyperproliferative and anti-inflammatory drug design.	pyrimidine	57-67	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
26088338-3	2015	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway which is an important target for anti-hyperproliferative and anti-inflammatory drug design.	pyrimidine	57-67	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
26181065-0	2015	Pyrimidine Pool Disequilibrium Induced by a Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency Inhibits PARP-1 Activity, Leading to the Under Replication of DNA.	pyrimidine	0-10	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	44-62
25955318-9	2015	A total of 34 DEGs interacting with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) were identified, which were associated with DNA replication, pyrimidine metabolism and cell cycle.	pyrimidine	132-142	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-63
25955318-9	2015	A total of 34 DEGs interacting with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) were identified, which were associated with DNA replication, pyrimidine metabolism and cell cycle.	pyrimidine	132-142	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-69
26181065-0	2015	Pyrimidine Pool Disequilibrium Induced by a Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency Inhibits PARP-1 Activity, Leading to the Under Replication of DNA.	pyrimidine	0-10	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	83-89
26181065-3	2015	We describe here a novel mechanism by which pyrimidine pool disequilibrium compromises the completion of replication and chromosome segregation: the intracellular accumulation of dCTP inhibits PARP-1 activity.	pyrimidine	44-54	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	193-199
25112781-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT).	pyrimidine	183-193	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	216-236
26180101-3	2015	DSM265, a triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), is the first DHODH inhibitor to reach clinical development for treatment of malaria.	pyrimidine	18-28	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	83-111
26180101-3	2015	DSM265, a triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), is the first DHODH inhibitor to reach clinical development for treatment of malaria.	pyrimidine	18-28	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	113-118
26180101-3	2015	DSM265, a triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), is the first DHODH inhibitor to reach clinical development for treatment of malaria.	pyrimidine	18-28	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	134-139
26023239-1	2015	Oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in regulating global metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	196-206	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	10-42
26023239-1	2015	Oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in regulating global metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	196-206	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	44-48
25112781-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT).	pyrimidine	183-193	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	238-240
25112781-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT).	pyrimidine	183-193	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	243-274
25112781-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT).	pyrimidine	183-193	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	276-279
25112781-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT).	pyrimidine	183-193	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	316-349
25112781-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT).	pyrimidine	183-193	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	351-355
25877602-5	2015	The difference in the concentration of cellular metabolites of wild-type and Jhdm1b knockdown HeLa cells indicates that Jhdm1b is a positive regulator of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and pyrimidine synthesis in HeLa cells.	pyrimidine	186-196	lysine demethylase 2B	Homo sapiens	77-83
25877602-5	2015	The difference in the concentration of cellular metabolites of wild-type and Jhdm1b knockdown HeLa cells indicates that Jhdm1b is a positive regulator of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and pyrimidine synthesis in HeLa cells.	pyrimidine	186-196	lysine demethylase 2B	Homo sapiens	120-126
26426889-0	2015	Synthesis of androstanopyridine and pyrimidine compounds as novel activators of the tumor suppressor protein p53.	pyrimidine	36-46	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	109-112
25869130-1	2015	Escherichia coli endonuclease III (Endo III or Nth) is a DNA glycosylase with a broad substrate specificity for oxidized or reduced pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	132-142	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	17-33
25678555-0	2015	Biallelic mutations in CAD, impair de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and decrease glycosylation precursors.	pyrimidine	43-53	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
25850965-2	2015	Azacytidine is a pyrimidine derivative that undergoes metabolic detoxification driven by cytidine deaminase (CDA), a liver enzyme whose gene is prone to genetic polymorphism, leading to erratic activity among patients.	pyrimidine	17-27	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	89-107
25850965-2	2015	Azacytidine is a pyrimidine derivative that undergoes metabolic detoxification driven by cytidine deaminase (CDA), a liver enzyme whose gene is prone to genetic polymorphism, leading to erratic activity among patients.	pyrimidine	17-27	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	109-112
26059769-6	2015	Another defect in pyrimidine biosynthesis, the orotic aciduria arising in humans and cattle with a deficiency of UMP synthase (UMPS), has different symptoms.	pyrimidine	18-28	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Bos taurus	113-125
25855793-5	2015	TREX1 activity is strongly inhibited by a stretch of pyrimidine residues as is a bacterial homolog, RNase T. Kinetic measurements indicate that the apparent Km of TREX1 for RNA is higher than that for DNA.	pyrimidine	53-63	three prime repair exonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
25855793-5	2015	TREX1 activity is strongly inhibited by a stretch of pyrimidine residues as is a bacterial homolog, RNase T. Kinetic measurements indicate that the apparent Km of TREX1 for RNA is higher than that for DNA.	pyrimidine	53-63	three prime repair exonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
26059769-6	2015	Another defect in pyrimidine biosynthesis, the orotic aciduria arising in humans and cattle with a deficiency of UMP synthase (UMPS), has different symptoms.	pyrimidine	18-28	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Bos taurus	127-131
26191363-4	2015	Meanwhile, substitution of the pyrimidine NH with an oxygen atom reversed the PLK1/BRD4 selectivity to convert BI-2536 into a BRD4-selective inhibitor, likely owing to the loss of a critical hydrogen bond in PLK1.	pyrimidine	31-41	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
26191363-4	2015	Meanwhile, substitution of the pyrimidine NH with an oxygen atom reversed the PLK1/BRD4 selectivity to convert BI-2536 into a BRD4-selective inhibitor, likely owing to the loss of a critical hydrogen bond in PLK1.	pyrimidine	31-41	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
26178500-5	2015	RESULTS: Within the scope of the dose, propofol and the right supporting pyrimidine required calming effect similar to provide treatment (RamSay score &gt; 3); Calm during the treatment, the right beauty pyrimidine group to the number of additional analgesics is less than the propofol group; Compared with propofol group, the right beauty pyrimidine a significant reduction in patients with ICU stay time.	pyrimidine	73-83	synaptosome associated protein 91	Homo sapiens	160-164
26178500-5	2015	RESULTS: Within the scope of the dose, propofol and the right supporting pyrimidine required calming effect similar to provide treatment (RamSay score &gt; 3); Calm during the treatment, the right beauty pyrimidine group to the number of additional analgesics is less than the propofol group; Compared with propofol group, the right beauty pyrimidine a significant reduction in patients with ICU stay time.	pyrimidine	204-214	synaptosome associated protein 91	Homo sapiens	160-164
26178500-5	2015	RESULTS: Within the scope of the dose, propofol and the right supporting pyrimidine required calming effect similar to provide treatment (RamSay score &gt; 3); Calm during the treatment, the right beauty pyrimidine group to the number of additional analgesics is less than the propofol group; Compared with propofol group, the right beauty pyrimidine a significant reduction in patients with ICU stay time.	pyrimidine	204-214	synaptosome associated protein 91	Homo sapiens	160-164
26191363-4	2015	Meanwhile, substitution of the pyrimidine NH with an oxygen atom reversed the PLK1/BRD4 selectivity to convert BI-2536 into a BRD4-selective inhibitor, likely owing to the loss of a critical hydrogen bond in PLK1.	pyrimidine	31-41	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	126-130
26191363-4	2015	Meanwhile, substitution of the pyrimidine NH with an oxygen atom reversed the PLK1/BRD4 selectivity to convert BI-2536 into a BRD4-selective inhibitor, likely owing to the loss of a critical hydrogen bond in PLK1.	pyrimidine	31-41	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	208-212
25646564-0	2015	Human phospholipase D activity transiently regulates pyrimidine biosynthesis in malignant gliomas.	pyrimidine	53-63	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	6-21
25766642-2	2015	XP-V is caused by a deficiency in DNA polymerase eta (Poleta) that plays a pivotal role in translesion synthesis by bypassing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	137-147	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	0-4
25766642-2	2015	XP-V is caused by a deficiency in DNA polymerase eta (Poleta) that plays a pivotal role in translesion synthesis by bypassing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	137-147	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	34-52
25852104-4	2015	Here, we demonstrate that NEXT displays preference for U-rich pyrimidine sequences and this RNA binding is mediated by the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of the RBM7 subunit.	pyrimidine	62-72	RNA binding motif protein 7	Homo sapiens	158-162
25843721-4	2015	Acute inactivation of E4F1 in these cells results in CHK1-dependent checkpoint deficiency and multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions that lead to increased ROS production, energy stress, and inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	210-220	E4F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
25813046-7	2015	Repair of pyrimidine base damage may require XRCC1 but does not require PARP1 activity.	pyrimidine	10-20	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
25249071-3	2015	Endonuclease III is one of the enzymes responsible to detect and repair oxidized pyrimidine base lesions.	pyrimidine	81-91	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
24943064-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) is an enzyme that regulates the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine metabolism, especially catabolism of fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-49
25880749-11	2015	In addition, models were developed for predicting quinazoline and pyrimidine based EGFR inhibitors.	pyrimidine	66-76	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	83-87
25576938-5	2015	From the MEP, it is evident that the negative charge covers the C N group and the positive region is over the phenyl and the pyrimidine rings.	pyrimidine	125-135	neurolysin	Homo sapiens	9-12
25600031-6	2015	In EGFR kinase GCT analyses revealed that replacement of a pyrimidine by a cyanopyridine perturbs water energetics up three hydration shells away from the ligand.	pyrimidine	59-69	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	3-7
25445412-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) affecting pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	98-108	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	12-33
25610955-5	2015	Our findings indicate that the pyrimidine-thiourea-based LSD1 inactivator may serve as a leading compound targeting LSD1 overexpressed cancers.	pyrimidine	31-41	lysine demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens	57-61
25610955-5	2015	Our findings indicate that the pyrimidine-thiourea-based LSD1 inactivator may serve as a leading compound targeting LSD1 overexpressed cancers.	pyrimidine	31-41	lysine demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens	116-120
25240829-7	2015	The negative (red and yellow) regions of the MEP are related to electrophilic reactivity and the positive (blue) regions to nucleophilic reactivity, as shown in the MEP plot and the title compound has several possible sites, CN, N atom of pyrimidine ring and sulfur atoms for electrophilic attack.	pyrimidine	239-249	neurolysin	Homo sapiens	45-48
25240829-7	2015	The negative (red and yellow) regions of the MEP are related to electrophilic reactivity and the positive (blue) regions to nucleophilic reactivity, as shown in the MEP plot and the title compound has several possible sites, CN, N atom of pyrimidine ring and sulfur atoms for electrophilic attack.	pyrimidine	239-249	neurolysin	Homo sapiens	165-168
25713533-4	2015	They translocate nucleosides in a Na(+) coupled manner with high affinity and some substrate selectivity, being hCNT1 and hCNT2 pyrimidine- and purine-preferring, respectively, and hCNT3 a broad selectivity transporter.	pyrimidine	128-138	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	122-127
25514428-3	2015	We therefore hypothesized that pharmacological activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by the Wnt agonist, a synthetic pyrimidine, could protect kidneys from IRI.	pyrimidine	124-134	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
25514428-3	2015	We therefore hypothesized that pharmacological activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by the Wnt agonist, a synthetic pyrimidine, could protect kidneys from IRI.	pyrimidine	124-134	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-81
25514428-3	2015	We therefore hypothesized that pharmacological activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by the Wnt agonist, a synthetic pyrimidine, could protect kidneys from IRI.	pyrimidine	124-134	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
25558988-3	2015	Moreover, recent precedents in the literature describing antiviral derivatives acting at the level of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway led us to determine that the mode of action of this series is based on the inhibition of the cellular dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme of this pathway.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	248-276
25105264-3	2015	The infrared spectra of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes indicate a bidentate type of bonding for APC through the exocyclic amino and adjacent pyrimidine nitrogen as donors whereas APC coordinated to Pd(II) ion as a monodentated ligand via a pyrimidine nitrogen donor.	pyrimidine	146-156	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	24-30
25105264-3	2015	The infrared spectra of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes indicate a bidentate type of bonding for APC through the exocyclic amino and adjacent pyrimidine nitrogen as donors whereas APC coordinated to Pd(II) ion as a monodentated ligand via a pyrimidine nitrogen donor.	pyrimidine	245-255	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	24-30
25558988-3	2015	Moreover, recent precedents in the literature describing antiviral derivatives acting at the level of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway led us to determine that the mode of action of this series is based on the inhibition of the cellular dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme of this pathway.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	278-283
26373640-2	2015	Comparative computational chemical structure and biological activity relationship studies on a series of carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors, benzenesulfonamide derivatives, bearing pyrimidine moieties are reported in this paper using docking, Linear Interaction Energy (LIE), Metadynamics and Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) methods.	pyrimidine	179-189	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	105-126
25117664-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) encoded by DPYD gene is the major enzyme involved in metabolism of 5-flurouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine analogue used in cancer chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-48
25117664-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) encoded by DPYD gene is the major enzyme involved in metabolism of 5-flurouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine analogue used in cancer chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-65
26700594-1	2015	Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) is engaged in de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	63-73	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-33
26700594-1	2015	Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) is engaged in de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	63-73	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	35-39
25906044-2	2015	In this study, two- and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D and 3D-QSAR) analyses were performed on a series of pyridine and pyrimidine-based BTK inhibitors by means of genetic algorithm optimized multivariate adaptive regression spline (GA-MARS) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) methods.	pyrimidine	156-166	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	173-176
26599272-9	2015	GLDC can induce dramatic changes in glycolysis and glycine/serine metabolism, leading to changes in pyrimidine metabolism and tumor development.	pyrimidine	100-110	glycine decarboxylase	Mus musculus	0-4
25596694-2	2015	Very few reports of adverse ocular reactions caused by capecitabine, a fluorinated pyrimidine antineoplastic agent like S-1, exist, and consequently, the mechanism underlying these reactions is not well understood.	pyrimidine	83-93	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	120-123
25638458-1	2015	beta-Ureidopropionase deficiency (OMIM #613161) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism due to mutations in the UPB1 gene, which encodes the third enzyme involved in the pyrimidine degradation pathway.	pyrimidine	187-197	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
25638458-1	2015	beta-Ureidopropionase deficiency (OMIM #613161) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism due to mutations in the UPB1 gene, which encodes the third enzyme involved in the pyrimidine degradation pathway.	pyrimidine	187-197	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
25658737-9	2015	While deciphering its mode of action, DD264 was found to target the fourth enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, namely the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH).	pyrimidine	93-103	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	129-157
25658737-9	2015	While deciphering its mode of action, DD264 was found to target the fourth enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, namely the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH).	pyrimidine	93-103	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	159-164
25906044-7	2015	Twenty-five pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as novel potential BTK inhibitors were finally selected for further study.	pyrimidine	25-35	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	67-70
25420090-0	2014	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sigma-1 receptor antagonists based on pyrimidine scaffold as agents for treating neuropathic pain.	pyrimidine	83-93	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-61
26512748-0	2015	HuR antagonizes the effect of an intronic pyrimidine-rich sequence in regulating WT1 +/-KTS isoforms.	pyrimidine	42-52	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
26512748-0	2015	HuR antagonizes the effect of an intronic pyrimidine-rich sequence in regulating WT1 +/-KTS isoforms.	pyrimidine	42-52	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	81-84
26512748-7	2015	RNA immuno-precipitation experiment indicated that HuR interacted with the pyrimidine-rich element in WT1 intron 9.	pyrimidine	75-85	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
26512748-7	2015	RNA immuno-precipitation experiment indicated that HuR interacted with the pyrimidine-rich element in WT1 intron 9.	pyrimidine	75-85	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	102-105
26512748-10	2015	Together, these data indicate that HuR binds to the pyrimidine-rich sequence and antagonize its effect in regulating WT1 +/-KTS isoforms.	pyrimidine	52-62	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
26512748-10	2015	Together, these data indicate that HuR binds to the pyrimidine-rich sequence and antagonize its effect in regulating WT1 +/-KTS isoforms.	pyrimidine	52-62	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	117-120
25422459-5	2014	Based on a comparison of new U2AF(65) structures bound to either A- or G-containing Py tracts with previously identified pyrimidine-containing structures, we expected to find that a D231V amino acid change in U2AF(65) would specify U over other nucleotides.	pyrimidine	121-131	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	29-36
25493428-0	2014	Intrinsic Thermodynamics and Structure Correlation of Benzenesulfonamides with a Pyrimidine Moiety Binding to Carbonic Anhydrases I, II, VII, XII, and XIII.	pyrimidine	81-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	110-145
25422459-5	2014	Based on a comparison of new U2AF(65) structures bound to either A- or G-containing Py tracts with previously identified pyrimidine-containing structures, we expected to find that a D231V amino acid change in U2AF(65) would specify U over other nucleotides.	pyrimidine	121-131	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	209-216
25240767-2	2014	ROS1 is slow in base excision and fast in AP lyase activity, indicating that the recognition of pyrimidine modifications might be a rate-limiting step.	pyrimidine	96-106	demeter-like 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
26278451-1	2014	Herein, we report the first direct evidence for the formation of pyrimidine ion isomers by sequential reactions of HCN with the acetylene radical cation in the gas phase at ambient temperature using the mass-selected variable temperature and pressure ion mobility technique.	pyrimidine	65-75	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
25282552-3	2014	Described herein is a potent c-Met inhibitor by structural modification of the parent morpholino-pyridazinone scaffold, with particular focus on the phenyl and pyrimidine substituents.	pyrimidine	160-170	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	29-34
25200979-1	2014	A series of new 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogues (DAAPalogues) was developed by incorporation of a substituted 2-aminothiazole component as the C-2 substituent of the center pyrimidine core.	pyrimidine	31-41	complement C2	Homo sapiens	147-150
25339949-5	2014	MR1 has recently been shown to present an unstable pyrimidine intermediate derived from a biosynthetic precursor of riboflavin; riboflavin biosynthesis occurs in many bacteria but not in human beings.	pyrimidine	51-61	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Homo sapiens	0-3
25254074-5	2014	RESULTS: To develop methods for genetic manipulation of C. hydrothermalis, we selected a spontaneous deletion of pyrF, a gene in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, resulting in a strain that was a uracil auxotroph resistant to 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA).	pyrimidine	133-143	pyrF	Ruminiclostridium thermocellum	113-117
25192810-2	2014	This report details the optimization of lead compound 44 to highly potent and selective MMP-13 inhibitors based on fused pyrimidine scaffolds represented by the thienopyrimidin-4-one 26c.	pyrimidine	121-131	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Bos taurus	88-94
25066213-4	2014	Thirteen variants in the pyrimidine metabolism genes, DPYD, DPYS, PPAT, and TYMS, also interacted significantly with folate in a multivariant analysis (corrected p = 9.9 x 10-6) but collectively explained only 0.2% of OC risk.	pyrimidine	25-35	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	54-58
25066213-4	2014	Thirteen variants in the pyrimidine metabolism genes, DPYD, DPYS, PPAT, and TYMS, also interacted significantly with folate in a multivariant analysis (corrected p = 9.9 x 10-6) but collectively explained only 0.2% of OC risk.	pyrimidine	25-35	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	60-64
25066213-4	2014	Thirteen variants in the pyrimidine metabolism genes, DPYD, DPYS, PPAT, and TYMS, also interacted significantly with folate in a multivariant analysis (corrected p = 9.9 x 10-6) but collectively explained only 0.2% of OC risk.	pyrimidine	25-35	phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase	Homo sapiens	66-70
25066213-4	2014	Thirteen variants in the pyrimidine metabolism genes, DPYD, DPYS, PPAT, and TYMS, also interacted significantly with folate in a multivariant analysis (corrected p = 9.9 x 10-6) but collectively explained only 0.2% of OC risk.	pyrimidine	25-35	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	76-80
25066213-6	2014	CONCLUSION: Variation in pyrimidine metabolism genes, particularly DPYD, which was previously reported to be associated with OC, may influence risk; however, stratification by folate intake is unlikely to modify disease risk appreciably in these women.	pyrimidine	25-35	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	67-71
25589931-0	2015	Pyrimidine-based tricyclic molecules as potent and orally efficacious inhibitors of wee1 kinase.	pyrimidine	0-10	WEE 1 homolog 1 (S. pombe)	Mus musculus	84-88
25152455-4	2014	Subsequent whole-genome sequencing study in one of the probands, followed by mutation screening in the two families, revealed a disease-specific 5 bp deletion (c.247-10_247-6delCACTC) in a splicing element (pyrimidine tract) of intron 2 adjacent to the third exon of cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1 (COX6A1), which is a component of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase [COX]), within the autozygous linkage region.	pyrimidine	207-217	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1	Mus musculus	267-313
25152455-4	2014	Subsequent whole-genome sequencing study in one of the probands, followed by mutation screening in the two families, revealed a disease-specific 5 bp deletion (c.247-10_247-6delCACTC) in a splicing element (pyrimidine tract) of intron 2 adjacent to the third exon of cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1 (COX6A1), which is a component of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase [COX]), within the autozygous linkage region.	pyrimidine	207-217	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1	Mus musculus	315-321
25082126-0	2014	Discovery of novel pyrimidine and malonamide derivatives as TGR5 agonists.	pyrimidine	19-29	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
25061101-8	2014	mTORC1 promotes pyrimidine biosynthesis by p70S6 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; Ser1859) and favors S-phase cell-cycle progression.	pyrimidine	16-26	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	0-6
25061101-11	2014	These results reveal a novel link between mTORC1-mediated metabolic reprogramming and Flu resistance identifying mitochondrial respiration and de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis as potential therapeutic targets.	pyrimidine	151-161	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	42-48
25061101-12	2014	IMPLICATIONS: This study provides the first evidence for mTORC1/p70S6K-dependent regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in a relevant disease setting.	pyrimidine	95-105	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	57-63
25061101-12	2014	IMPLICATIONS: This study provides the first evidence for mTORC1/p70S6K-dependent regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in a relevant disease setting.	pyrimidine	95-105	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	64-70
25171410-4	2014	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), a pyrimidine-degrading enzyme, was highly expressed upon EMT induction and was necessary for cells to acquire mesenchymal characteristics in vitro and for tumorigenic cells to extravasate into the mouse lung.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	33-37
25589931-1	2015	Aided by molecular modeling, compounds with a pyrimidine-based tricyclic scaffold were designed and confirmed to inhibit Wee1 kinase.	pyrimidine	46-56	WEE 1 homolog 1 (S. pombe)	Mus musculus	121-125
24896229-0	2014	Pyrimidine-based compounds modulate CXCR2-mediated signaling and receptor turnover.	pyrimidine	0-10	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
24948478-4	2014	Here, we show that, although IkappaBzeta by itself is unable to associate with the Lcn2 promoter, IkappaBzeta interacts with the promoter via p50 binding to the NF-kappaB-binding site (kappaB site) and the interaction also requires the pyrimidine-rich site (CCCCTC) that localizes seven bases downstream of the kappaB site.	pyrimidine	236-246	NFKB inhibitor zeta	Homo sapiens	98-109
24948478-4	2014	Here, we show that, although IkappaBzeta by itself is unable to associate with the Lcn2 promoter, IkappaBzeta interacts with the promoter via p50 binding to the NF-kappaB-binding site (kappaB site) and the interaction also requires the pyrimidine-rich site (CCCCTC) that localizes seven bases downstream of the kappaB site.	pyrimidine	236-246	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
24948478-5	2014	The pyrimidine-rich site is also essential for IkappaBzeta-mediated activation of the Lcn2 gene.	pyrimidine	4-14	NFKB inhibitor zeta	Homo sapiens	47-58
24948478-5	2014	The pyrimidine-rich site is also essential for IkappaBzeta-mediated activation of the Lcn2 gene.	pyrimidine	4-14	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
24948478-8	2014	Thus, the pyrimidine-rich IkappaBzeta-responsive site plays an essential role in productive interaction of IkappaBzeta with the p50-DNA complex.	pyrimidine	10-20	NFKB inhibitor zeta	Homo sapiens	26-37
24948478-8	2014	Thus, the pyrimidine-rich IkappaBzeta-responsive site plays an essential role in productive interaction of IkappaBzeta with the p50-DNA complex.	pyrimidine	10-20	NFKB inhibitor zeta	Homo sapiens	107-118
24948478-8	2014	Thus, the pyrimidine-rich IkappaBzeta-responsive site plays an essential role in productive interaction of IkappaBzeta with the p50-DNA complex.	pyrimidine	10-20	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	128-131
25038987-8	2014	At 90min post-injection of radiotracer, tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios reached 106.05+-17.19 and 28.08+-4.78, respectively, for cross-bridged pyrimidine analog [(64)Cu]RAD1-52.	pyrimidine	153-163	RAD1 checkpoint DNA exonuclease	Homo sapiens	179-183
24928511-8	2014	Moreover, EGFR signaling activated carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), which catalyzes the first step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	165-175	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	10-14
24896229-5	2014	Using a high-throughput, cell-based assay specific for CXCR2, we screened an in-house library of structurally diverse compounds and identified a class of pyrimidine-based compounds that alter CXCR2-mediated second messenger signaling.	pyrimidine	154-164	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
24896229-5	2014	Using a high-throughput, cell-based assay specific for CXCR2, we screened an in-house library of structurally diverse compounds and identified a class of pyrimidine-based compounds that alter CXCR2-mediated second messenger signaling.	pyrimidine	154-164	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	192-197
24887406-14	2014	Transgenic mice UPase1-/-with increased pyrimidine salvage activity were protected against tamoxifen-induced liver lipid droplet accumulation.	pyrimidine	40-50	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	16-22
24013224-0	2014	Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by doxorubicin and brequinar sensitizes cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.	pyrimidine	32-42	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	63-91
24013224-0	2014	Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by doxorubicin and brequinar sensitizes cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.	pyrimidine	32-42	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	148-153
24013224-6	2014	DHODH is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, and its expression was downregulated by doxorubicin.	pyrimidine	41-51	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-5
24531536-7	2014	Genome-wide gene expression analysis and nucleoside and nucleotide profiling revealed that knockdown of ENPP1 affects purine and pyrimidine metabolism, suggesting a link between ENPP1 expression and a balanced nucleoside-nucleotide pool in GSCs.	pyrimidine	129-139	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
24887406-15	2014	In contrast, UPase1-TG mice with increased pyrimidine catabolism activity had intrinsic liver lipid droplet accumulation, which was aggravated following tamoxifen administration.	pyrimidine	43-53	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	13-19
24695216-10	2014	Thus, MR1 is able to capture, stabilize and present chemically unstable pyrimidine intermediates, which otherwise convert to lumazines, as potent antigens to MAIT cells.	pyrimidine	72-82	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Homo sapiens	6-9
24595682-0	2014	Elucidating the mechanism of cytochrome P450-mediated pyrimidine ring conversion to pyrazole metabolites with the BACE1 inhibitor GNE-892 in rats.	pyrimidine	54-64	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
24595682-0	2014	Elucidating the mechanism of cytochrome P450-mediated pyrimidine ring conversion to pyrazole metabolites with the BACE1 inhibitor GNE-892 in rats.	pyrimidine	54-64	glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
24595682-11	2014	This article highlights a mechanistic approach for determining the biotransformation of the pyrimidine to a pyrazole for GNE-892.	pyrimidine	92-102	glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
24682828-7	2014	RRM2,3 binds to pyrimidine-rich FAS pre-mRNA or poly-uridine (U9) RNA with nanomolar affinities.	pyrimidine	16-26	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2	Homo sapiens	0-6
24748173-7	2014	The functional analysis of this set of genes provided evidence that they were mainly involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, p53 signaling pathway, nucleotide excision repair and pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	180-190	tumor protein p53	Canis lupus familiaris	126-129
24601791-5	2014	It was stated that the formation of domains with different content of FPh-prm/DPPC can be a reason for the membrane-related mechanism of chemoprevention associated with the inhibition of the outward transport of anticancer drugs by the glycoprotein P (Pgp) in cancer cells by the pyrimidine analog of FPh.	pyrimidine	280-290	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	252-255
24733111-6	2014	We find that the contacts to the nascent G:C base pair in the Pol2G:C structure are maintained in the Pol2T:A structure and reflect the comparable fidelity of Pol2 for nascent purine-pyrimidine and pyrimidine-purine base pairs.	pyrimidine	183-193	DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-66
24733111-6	2014	We find that the contacts to the nascent G:C base pair in the Pol2G:C structure are maintained in the Pol2T:A structure and reflect the comparable fidelity of Pol2 for nascent purine-pyrimidine and pyrimidine-purine base pairs.	pyrimidine	198-208	DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-66
24580380-1	2014	Kinetics studies of dNTP analogues having pyrophosphate-mimicking beta,gamma-pCXYp leaving groups with variable X and Y substitution reveal striking differences in the chemical transition-state energy for DNA polymerase beta that depend on all aspects of base-pairing configurations, including whether the incoming dNTP is a purine or pyrimidine and if base-pairings are right (T A and G C) or wrong (T G and G T).	pyrimidine	335-345	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens	205-224
24467396-7	2014	Because the biological function of mammalian all-alpha NTP pyrophosphatases remains uncertain, we examined the role of DCTPP1 in the maintenance of pyrimidine nucleotide pools and cellular sensitivity to pyrimidine analogues.	pyrimidine	148-158	dCTP pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
24469456-4	2014	Drosophila S2R(+) cells, silenced for drim2 expression, contained markedly reduced pools of both purine and pyrimidine dNTPs in mitochondria, whereas cytosolic pools were unaffected.	pyrimidine	108-118	Replication in mitochondria 2	Drosophila melanogaster	38-43
24606580-8	2014	Importantly, Ras1(CA) overexpression in the PSG upregulated many DEGs distributed in "pathways in cancer", "insulin signaling pathway", and "MAPK signaling pathway" as well as "purine metabolism" and "pyrimidine metabolism".	pyrimidine	201-211	ras-like protein 1	Bombyx mori	13-17
24387079-3	2014	A considerable achievement during the past 2 years was the development of targeted therapies against EGFR using small-molecule inhibitors such as quinazoline derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, thiazole derivatives, acrylamide derivatives and urea derivatives.	pyrimidine	171-181	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	101-105
24507637-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the multienzyme complex formation of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and orotidine 5"-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC), the fifth and sixth enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	261-271	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	124-157
24507637-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the multienzyme complex formation of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and orotidine 5"-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC), the fifth and sixth enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	261-271	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	159-163
24447935-3	2014	Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway which is upregulated in cancers.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-23
24447935-3	2014	Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway which is upregulated in cancers.	pyrimidine	49-59	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	25-27
24189582-2	2014	This study focuses on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as a potential drug target for bovine babesiosis.	pyrimidine	81-91	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial	Bos taurus	22-50
24423253-3	2014	The IGF-I P1 promoter contains a purine/pyrimidine (R/Y) sequence that is pivotal for transcription as determined by deletion analysis and can be targeted with a triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO).	pyrimidine	40-50	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
24189582-2	2014	This study focuses on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as a potential drug target for bovine babesiosis.	pyrimidine	81-91	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial	Bos taurus	52-57
24412069-3	2014	To improve their PDE4B selectivity over PDE4D, we optimized the substituents on the pyrimidine ring and the side chain phenyl ring, resulting in several derivatives with more than 100-fold selectivity for PDE4B.	pyrimidine	84-94	phosphodiesterase 4B	Homo sapiens	17-22
24412069-3	2014	To improve their PDE4B selectivity over PDE4D, we optimized the substituents on the pyrimidine ring and the side chain phenyl ring, resulting in several derivatives with more than 100-fold selectivity for PDE4B.	pyrimidine	84-94	phosphodiesterase 4D	Homo sapiens	40-45
24412069-3	2014	To improve their PDE4B selectivity over PDE4D, we optimized the substituents on the pyrimidine ring and the side chain phenyl ring, resulting in several derivatives with more than 100-fold selectivity for PDE4B.	pyrimidine	84-94	phosphodiesterase 4B	Homo sapiens	205-210
24183806-1	2014	Human cytidine deaminase is an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathways that metabolizes several cytosine nucleoside analogs used as prodrugs in chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	45-55	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	6-24
23978663-0	2013	Synthesis of new pyrimidine-fused derivatives as potent and selective antidiabetic alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	17-27	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	83-100
24900984-4	2014	We found that Triptofordin B1 has less toxicity than pyrimidine analogue, which has more potent binding affinity with BACE1.	pyrimidine	53-63	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
25638378-0	2014	Activation of respiratory complex II by interferon-gamma and its inhibition by pyrimidine derivatives.	pyrimidine	79-89	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	40-56
25638378-4	2014	The aim of present study was a) to investigate formazan formation under the conditions of in vitro stimulation of cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and b) to analyse possible interference of pyrimidine analogues with formazan production.	pyrimidine	227-237	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	143-152
25200079-5	2014	In the closed conformation state, polbeta appears to allow only a Watson-Crick-like conformation for purine pyrimidine base pairs, thereby discriminating the mismatched base pairs based on their ability to form the Watson-Crick-like conformation.	pyrimidine	108-118	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens	34-41
24689846-0	2014	Synthesis of potential pyrimidine derivatives via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction as HIV and kinesin Eg5 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	23-33	kinesin family member 11	Homo sapiens	100-103
24940680-1	2014	Mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) catalyze the initial phosphorylation of pyrimidine and purine deoxyribonucleosides, and are essential for maintaining mitochondrial dNTP pools for mitochondrial DNA replication.	pyrimidine	111-121	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	14-32
24940680-1	2014	Mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) catalyze the initial phosphorylation of pyrimidine and purine deoxyribonucleosides, and are essential for maintaining mitochondrial dNTP pools for mitochondrial DNA replication.	pyrimidine	111-121	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
24940680-1	2014	Mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) catalyze the initial phosphorylation of pyrimidine and purine deoxyribonucleosides, and are essential for maintaining mitochondrial dNTP pools for mitochondrial DNA replication.	pyrimidine	111-121	deoxyguanosine kinase	Homo sapiens	43-64
24940680-1	2014	Mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) catalyze the initial phosphorylation of pyrimidine and purine deoxyribonucleosides, and are essential for maintaining mitochondrial dNTP pools for mitochondrial DNA replication.	pyrimidine	111-121	Diacyl glycerol kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	66-69
24145766-0	2013	Synthesis of three 18F-labelled cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors based on a pyrimidine scaffold.	pyrimidine	79-89	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	32-48
24145766-0	2013	Synthesis of three 18F-labelled cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors based on a pyrimidine scaffold.	pyrimidine	79-89	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
24499931-1	2014	The splicing regulator Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein (PTBP1) has four RNA binding domains that each binds a short pyrimidine element, allowing recognition of diverse pyrimidine-rich sequences.	pyrimidine	27-37	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	61-66
24499931-1	2014	The splicing regulator Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein (PTBP1) has four RNA binding domains that each binds a short pyrimidine element, allowing recognition of diverse pyrimidine-rich sequences.	pyrimidine	121-131	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	61-66
24772329-3	2014	The mitochondrial respiratory chain is coupled to the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway via the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH).	pyrimidine	62-72	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	153-158
24772329-4	2014	The p53 activation induced in response to the inhibition of the electron transport chain complex III has been shown to be triggered by the impairment of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis due to the suppression of DHODH.	pyrimidine	165-175	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	4-7
24772329-4	2014	The p53 activation induced in response to the inhibition of the electron transport chain complex III has been shown to be triggered by the impairment of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis due to the suppression of DHODH.	pyrimidine	165-175	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	215-220
24772329-7	2014	We conclude that apoptosis is induced in response to the impairment of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis caused by the inhibition of DHODH.	pyrimidine	83-93	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	135-140
23944378-4	2014	Both leflunomide and teriflunomide inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) thereby inhibiingt the synthesis of pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	116-126	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	43-71
23944378-4	2014	Both leflunomide and teriflunomide inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) thereby inhibiingt the synthesis of pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	116-126	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	73-78
25140185-3	2014	26 potential biomarkers were identified in the plasma of CHD patients and 19 differential metabolites contributed to the discrimination of phlegm syndrome and blood-stasis syndrome in CHD patients (VIP &gt; 1.5; P &lt; 0.05) which mainly involved purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism.	pyrimidine	266-276	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	198-201
24940676-2	2014	beta-Ureidopropionase is the third enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and it catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine and N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, respectively, and ammonia and CO2.	pyrimidine	49-59	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
24219778-2	2013	Toward this end, we have discovered a novel, Mer kinase specific substituted-pyrimidine scaffold using a structure-based drug design and a pseudo ring replacement strategy.	pyrimidine	77-87	MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	45-48
24101147-6	2013	The following tests were used to evaluate pyrimidine catabolism: (1) sequencing of three exons of DPYD; (2) plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (UH2/U); and (3) UraBT.	pyrimidine	42-52	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	98-102
24028850-3	2013	Recently, pyrimidine fused heterocycles (PFHs) revealed inhibitory properties against alpha-glucosidase (alpha-Gls) which is an important target enzyme for those drugs playing significant role in treatment of type-II diabetes and HIV/AIDS infection.	pyrimidine	10-20	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	86-103
24028850-3	2013	Recently, pyrimidine fused heterocycles (PFHs) revealed inhibitory properties against alpha-glucosidase (alpha-Gls) which is an important target enzyme for those drugs playing significant role in treatment of type-II diabetes and HIV/AIDS infection.	pyrimidine	10-20	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	105-114
24161603-3	2013	In bacteria and plants, the biosynthesis of the pyrimidine moiety, 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P), requires a single enzyme, THIC (HMP-P synthase).	pyrimidine	48-58	thiaminC	Arabidopsis thaliana	155-159
24205994-1	2013	In this work is investigated why the entrance of a nitrogen atom in the ring of cis-2-hydroxypyridine and 2-pyridinone, resulting in cis-4-hydroxypyrimidine and 4(3H)-pyrimidinone, respectively, shifts the tautomeric equilibrium from the hydroxyl form, in the pyridine derivative, to the ketonic form, in the pyrimidine derivative.	pyrimidine	146-156	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
24205994-1	2013	In this work is investigated why the entrance of a nitrogen atom in the ring of cis-2-hydroxypyridine and 2-pyridinone, resulting in cis-4-hydroxypyrimidine and 4(3H)-pyrimidinone, respectively, shifts the tautomeric equilibrium from the hydroxyl form, in the pyridine derivative, to the ketonic form, in the pyrimidine derivative.	pyrimidine	146-156	suppressor of cytokine signaling 6	Homo sapiens	133-138
24103428-0	2013	Benzenesulfonamides with pyrimidine moiety as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases I, II, VI, VII, XII, and XIII.	pyrimidine	25-35	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	66-115
32261239-5	2013	Changing interactions in the hydrogel are clearly indicated by IR spectroscopy, where the functionalities of 5"-GMP (C[double bond, length as m-dash]O, -NH2, -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N-, imidazole, pyrimidine, -C-O- of the sugar, PO3 2-, sugar ring and P-O-5"-sugar) interact with beta-FeOOH.	pyrimidine	206-216	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	112-115
24053674-2	2013	Starting with a previously reported pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitor, a novel pteridin-7(8H)-one scaffold with a high 3D similarity was found and transformed into irreversible inhibitors of the EGFR T790M mutant.	pyrimidine	36-46	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	53-57
24053674-2	2013	Starting with a previously reported pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitor, a novel pteridin-7(8H)-one scaffold with a high 3D similarity was found and transformed into irreversible inhibitors of the EGFR T790M mutant.	pyrimidine	36-46	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	193-197
24063363-6	2013	Previous studies show that N-glycosidic bond hydrolysis follows a stepwise (S(N)1) mechanism, and that TDG activity increases with pyrimidine N1 acidity, that is, leaving group quality of the target base.	pyrimidine	131-141	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	103-106
23978663-1	2013	The synthesis of a set of pyrimidine-fused derivatives (L1-L8), resulting from the incorporation of different fragments on the pyrimidine-fused heterocycle (PFH) of the earlier reported alpha-glucosidase (alpha-Gls) inhibitor (C1-C5), allowed the discovery of new ligands with modest and selective inhibitory activity.	pyrimidine	26-36	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	186-203
23978663-1	2013	The synthesis of a set of pyrimidine-fused derivatives (L1-L8), resulting from the incorporation of different fragments on the pyrimidine-fused heterocycle (PFH) of the earlier reported alpha-glucosidase (alpha-Gls) inhibitor (C1-C5), allowed the discovery of new ligands with modest and selective inhibitory activity.	pyrimidine	26-36	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	205-214
23800229-9	2013	We conclude that under normal physiological conditions Rim2 does not play a significant role in mitochondrial iron acquisition, yet, in the absence of the main iron transporters Mrs3 and Mrs4, this carrier can supply the mitochondrial matrix with iron in a pyrimidine-nucleotide-dependent fashion.	pyrimidine	257-267	Rim2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
24124444-6	2013	Our results suggest that CPA1, CPA2, and HMS1 confer 5-FU resistance by stimulating pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	84-94	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) CPA1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-29
24124444-6	2013	Our results suggest that CPA1, CPA2, and HMS1 confer 5-FU resistance by stimulating pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	84-94	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) CPA2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
24124444-6	2013	Our results suggest that CPA1, CPA2, and HMS1 confer 5-FU resistance by stimulating pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	84-94	Hms1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-45
24124444-12	2013	Our results suggest that Ham1p could have a broader specificity that includes 5-FUTP and other pyrimidine analogoue triphosphates.	pyrimidine	95-105	nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase HAM1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-30
23972099-1	2013	Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) modulates pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	61-71	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	14-42
23994326-3	2013	The introduction of aminosulfonylphenyl substituents on the 2-amino group of the pyrimidine increased the CDK2 inhibitory potency by two orders of magnitude, while maintaining the same degree of selectivity.	pyrimidine	81-91	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
23972099-1	2013	Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) modulates pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	61-71	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	44-49
23583677-0	2013	Pyrimidine base damage is increased in women with BRCA mutations.	pyrimidine	0-10	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	50-54
23980694-0	2013	Trypanosoma brucei (UMP synthase null mutants) are avirulent in mice, but recover virulence upon prolonged culture in vitro while retaining pyrimidine auxotrophy.	pyrimidine	140-150	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Mus musculus	20-32
23942539-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a pyrimidine catabolic enzyme involved in the initial and rate-limiting step of the catabolic pathway of toxic metabolites of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-48
23926110-0	2013	Interaction of heat shock protein 90 and the co-chaperone Cpr6 with Ura2, a bifunctional enzyme required for pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	109-119	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	15-36
23926110-4	2013	We found that Cpr6 and Hsp90 interacted with Ura2, a protein critical for pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	74-84	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
23955475-3	2013	We now developed a method based on counterselection by cytosine deaminase, encoded by the codA gene from Escherichia coli, in the presence of the fluorinated pyrimidine analogue 5-fluorocytosine (FC).	pyrimidine	158-168	plasmid maintenance protein CcdA	Escherichia coli	90-94
23585020-2	2013	AICAr had selective effects on nucleotide metabolism, resulting in an increase in purine metabolites and a decrease in pyrimidine metabolites.	pyrimidine	119-129	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-5
23880083-0	2013	Exploring pyrimidine-substituted curcumin analogues: design, synthesis and effects on EGFR signaling.	pyrimidine	10-20	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	86-90
23347159-4	2013	A covalent pyrimidine analogue will not only prove this proposed binding mode, but will also provide a valuable tool for H4 receptor research.	pyrimidine	11-21	prokineticin 2	Homo sapiens	121-123
23871367-7	2013	casei Zhang loci involved in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis were transcriptionally enhanced during growth in soy milk at lag phase (pH 6.4), whereas the loci involved in carbohydrate metabolism were upregulated in bovine milk.	pyrimidine	40-50	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	117-121
23871367-7	2013	casei Zhang loci involved in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis were transcriptionally enhanced during growth in soy milk at lag phase (pH 6.4), whereas the loci involved in carbohydrate metabolism were upregulated in bovine milk.	pyrimidine	40-50	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	225-229
23871367-9	2013	casei Zhang in soy milk and bovine milk, perhaps by contributing to purine, pyrimidine, and amino sugar metabolism.	pyrimidine	76-86	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	19-23
23871367-9	2013	casei Zhang in soy milk and bovine milk, perhaps by contributing to purine, pyrimidine, and amino sugar metabolism.	pyrimidine	76-86	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	35-39
23829483-3	2013	Both imidazolinone and thiazoline rings are shown to be effective replacements for the pyrimidine ring present in many other 2-(aminophenyl)benzamides previously reported, an example of each ring system at 1 muM causing an increase in histone H3K9 acetylation in the human cell lines Jurkat and HeLa and an increase in cell death consistent with induction of apoptosis.	pyrimidine	87-97	latexin	Homo sapiens	208-211
23960437-1	2013	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) is an enzyme that regulates the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine metabolism, especially catabolism of fluorouracil, a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-37
23756368-3	2013	The incorporation of a bromide at the 5-position of the pyrimidine core and in combination with a 1,2-dimethylpiperazine pendant domain yielded a lead compound with potent PAK1 inhibition and anti-proliferative activity in various colon cancer cell lines.	pyrimidine	56-66	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	172-176
23585020-3	2013	The most striking abnormality was a 26-fold increase in orotate associated with a decrease in uridine monophosphate (UMP) levels, indicating an inhibition of UMP synthetase (UMPS), the last enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which produces UMP from orotate and 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	pyrimidine	212-222	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	158-172
23585020-3	2013	The most striking abnormality was a 26-fold increase in orotate associated with a decrease in uridine monophosphate (UMP) levels, indicating an inhibition of UMP synthetase (UMPS), the last enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which produces UMP from orotate and 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	pyrimidine	212-222	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	174-178
23585020-4	2013	As all pyrimidine nucleotides can be synthesized from UMP, this suggested that the decrease in UMP would lead to pyrimidine starvation as a possible cause of AICAr-induced apoptosis.	pyrimidine	7-17	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	158-163
23977077-2	2013	It inhibits DHODH (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ), which is one of the essential enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	104-114	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	12-17
23977077-2	2013	It inhibits DHODH (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ), which is one of the essential enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	104-114	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	19-47
24187834-0	2013	[Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diaryl ethers bearing a pyrimidine motif as human Pin1 inhibitors].	pyrimidine	78-88	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
23612254-1	2013	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is the major enzyme involved in metabolism of gemcitabine, a pyrimidine analog widely used for chemotherapy of solid tumors.	pyrimidine	86-96	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-18
23612254-1	2013	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is the major enzyme involved in metabolism of gemcitabine, a pyrimidine analog widely used for chemotherapy of solid tumors.	pyrimidine	86-96	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	20-23
23602524-0	2013	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidine, 3-cyanopyridine and m-amino-N-phenylbenzamide based monocyclic EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	53-63	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	128-132
23642479-1	2013	Substituted pyrimidine inhibitors of the Clk and Dyrk kinases have been developed, exploring structure-activity relationships around four different chemotypes.	pyrimidine	12-22	CDC like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
23642479-1	2013	Substituted pyrimidine inhibitors of the Clk and Dyrk kinases have been developed, exploring structure-activity relationships around four different chemotypes.	pyrimidine	12-22	dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens	49-53
23642479-0	2013	Small-molecule pyrimidine inhibitors of the cdc2-like (Clk) and dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated (Dyrk) kinases: development of chemical probe ML315.	pyrimidine	15-25	CDC like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	44-53
23642479-0	2013	Small-molecule pyrimidine inhibitors of the cdc2-like (Clk) and dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated (Dyrk) kinases: development of chemical probe ML315.	pyrimidine	15-25	CDC like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
23642479-0	2013	Small-molecule pyrimidine inhibitors of the cdc2-like (Clk) and dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated (Dyrk) kinases: development of chemical probe ML315.	pyrimidine	15-25	dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens	117-121
23691116-5	2013	The yeast cells harbouring cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase II displayed a shorter duplication time and a significant modification of purine and pyrimidine derivatives concentration as compared with the control strain.	pyrimidine	138-148	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	37-52
23671640-0	2013	The EGF repeat-specific O-GlcNAc-transferase Eogt interacts with notch signaling and pyrimidine metabolism pathways in Drosophila.	pyrimidine	85-95	EGF-domain O-GlcNAc transferase	Drosophila melanogaster	45-49
23532200-5	2013	For a given purine and pyrimidine combination, our computational approach also sketches some differences concerning the syn vs. anti configurations and the orientation strand.	pyrimidine	23-33	synemin	Homo sapiens	120-123
23671640-8	2013	Therefore, Eogt may regulate protein functions by O-GlcNAc modification of their EGF repeats, and cellular metabolism by affecting pyrimidine synthesis and catabolism.	pyrimidine	131-141	EGF-domain O-GlcNAc transferase	Drosophila melanogaster	11-15
23033855-1	2013	Cytidine deaminase (CDA), is one of the enzymes involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathways, which catalyzes the formation of uridine and deoxyuridine by the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine, respectively.	pyrimidine	64-74	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-18
23478261-3	2013	Here, we show that the human eNOS 3" untranslated region (3" UTR) contains multiple, evolutionarily conserved pyrimidine (C and CU)-rich sequence elements that are both necessary and sufficient for mRNA stabilization.	pyrimidine	110-120	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	29-33
23663734-0	2013	mTORC1 signaling aids in CADalyzing pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	36-46	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	0-6
23663734-4	2013	(2013) demonstrate a role for mTORC1 in nucleotide production via S6K1 phosphorylation of CAD, which catalyzes the initial steps of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	140-150	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	30-36
23033855-1	2013	Cytidine deaminase (CDA), is one of the enzymes involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathways, which catalyzes the formation of uridine and deoxyuridine by the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine, respectively.	pyrimidine	64-74	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	20-23
23347804-2	2013	Systematic variation of the substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 of the pyrimidine scaffold led to the discovery of 2-benzylthio-5-cyano-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-morpholinopyrimidine with an IC(50) value of 1.6 muM in the MLR assay.	pyrimidine	72-82	latexin	Homo sapiens	208-211
23355744-1	2013	We report in this study an intrinsic link between pyrimidine metabolism and liver lipid accumulation utilizing a uridine phosphorylase 1 transgenic mouse model UPase1-TG.	pyrimidine	50-60	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	113-136
23355744-1	2013	We report in this study an intrinsic link between pyrimidine metabolism and liver lipid accumulation utilizing a uridine phosphorylase 1 transgenic mouse model UPase1-TG.	pyrimidine	50-60	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	160-166
23355744-2	2013	Hepatic microvesicular steatosis is induced by disruption of uridine homeostasis through transgenic overexpression of UPase1, an enzyme of the pyrimidine catabolism and salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	143-153	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	118-124
23355744-3	2013	Microvesicular steatosis is also induced by the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	125-135	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	62-90
23355744-3	2013	Microvesicular steatosis is also induced by the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	125-135	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	92-97
23594158-0	2013	Association of CAD, a multifunctional protein involved in pyrimidine synthesis, with mLST8, a component of the mTOR complexes.	pyrimidine	58-68	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
23594158-0	2013	Association of CAD, a multifunctional protein involved in pyrimidine synthesis, with mLST8, a component of the mTOR complexes.	pyrimidine	58-68	MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog (S. cerevisiae)	Mus musculus	85-90
23594158-0	2013	Association of CAD, a multifunctional protein involved in pyrimidine synthesis, with mLST8, a component of the mTOR complexes.	pyrimidine	58-68	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	111-115
23594158-2	2013	A multifunctional protein CAD, catalyzing the initial three steps in de novo pyrimidine synthesis, is regulated by the phosphorylation reaction with different protein kinases, but the relationship with mTOR protein kinase has not been known.	pyrimidine	77-87	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
23594158-2	2013	A multifunctional protein CAD, catalyzing the initial three steps in de novo pyrimidine synthesis, is regulated by the phosphorylation reaction with different protein kinases, but the relationship with mTOR protein kinase has not been known.	pyrimidine	77-87	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	202-206
23429703-0	2013	Stimulation of de novo pyrimidine synthesis by growth signaling through mTOR and S6K1.	pyrimidine	23-33	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	72-76
23429703-0	2013	Stimulation of de novo pyrimidine synthesis by growth signaling through mTOR and S6K1.	pyrimidine	23-33	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	81-85
23429703-3	2013	Activation of mTORC1 led to the acute stimulation of metabolic flux through the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	88-98	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	14-20
23429703-4	2013	mTORC1 signaling posttranslationally regulated this metabolic pathway via its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which directly phosphorylates S1859 on CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase), the enzyme that catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	317-327	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	0-6
23429703-4	2013	mTORC1 signaling posttranslationally regulated this metabolic pathway via its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which directly phosphorylates S1859 on CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase), the enzyme that catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	317-327	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	127-131
23429704-0	2013	Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveal mTORC1 activates de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	63-73	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	38-44
23143678-1	2013	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an important drug target due to its prominent role in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	94-104	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
23603345-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the degradation of pyrimidine base, and plays a pivotal role in the pharmacogenetic syndrome of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-48
22996645-6	2013	RNAi-mediated knockdown of candidate acivicin target genes implicates an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis, CTP synthase, as a possible crucial target of acivicin-mediated inhibition.	pyrimidine	92-102	CTP synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	117-129
23143678-1	2013	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an important drug target due to its prominent role in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	94-104	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
23216091-2	2013	Only DHODH is localized at mitochondria among enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	69-79	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	5-10
23301767-3	2013	We designed a series of 4-thiazol-2-anilinopyrimidine derivatives with functional groups attached to the C5-position of the pyrimidine or to the C4-thiazol moiety and investigated their effects on CDK9 potency and selectivity.	pyrimidine	43-53	cyclin dependent kinase 9	Homo sapiens	197-201
23216091-3	2013	Since the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway is coupled to the mitochondrial RC (respiratory chain) via DHODH, impairment of DHODH should affect the RC function.	pyrimidine	10-20	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	101-106
23216091-3	2013	Since the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway is coupled to the mitochondrial RC (respiratory chain) via DHODH, impairment of DHODH should affect the RC function.	pyrimidine	10-20	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	122-127
23216091-5	2013	Inconsistent with this, the cell retardation was not rescued by exogenous uridine, which should bypass the DHODH reaction for pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	126-136	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	107-112
23218604-1	2013	Starting from a known H(4)R ligand based on a pyrimidine skeleton, a series of novel analogues based on a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold have been prepared.	pyrimidine	46-56	histamine receptor H4	Homo sapiens	22-27
23385458-1	2013	Eubacterial RibG and yeast Rib2 possess a deaminase domain for pyrimidine deamination in the second and third steps, respectively, of riboflavin biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	63-73	bifunctional DRAP deaminase/tRNA pseudouridine synthase RIB2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-31
23207139-0	2013	A spectral deciphering the perturbation of model transporter protein (HSA) by antibacterial pyrimidine derivative: pharmacokinetic and biophysical insights.	pyrimidine	92-102	albumin	Homo sapiens	70-73
23218604-2	2013	Whereas the original pyrimidine congener shows good affinity at hH(4)R (K(i)=0.5 muM), its lacks selectivity with a K(i) value for the hH(3)R of 1 muM.	pyrimidine	21-31	histamine receptor H4	Homo sapiens	64-70
23218604-2	2013	Whereas the original pyrimidine congener shows good affinity at hH(4)R (K(i)=0.5 muM), its lacks selectivity with a K(i) value for the hH(3)R of 1 muM.	pyrimidine	21-31	latexin	Homo sapiens	81-84
23218604-2	2013	Whereas the original pyrimidine congener shows good affinity at hH(4)R (K(i)=0.5 muM), its lacks selectivity with a K(i) value for the hH(3)R of 1 muM.	pyrimidine	21-31	latexin	Homo sapiens	147-150
23992312-1	2013	In mammals, cellular 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT) activity (EC 3.1.3.5) encompasses a number of genetically and structurally distinct enzyme forms, either membrane-bound or soluble, mainly cytosolic, that are characterized by broad specificity towards nucleoside 5"-monophosphate substrates differing in base (purine/pyrimidine) and/or sugar (oxy/deoxy-ribose) moieties.	pyrimidine	312-322	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-36
23992312-3	2013	cN-III was first linked to a genetic defect , hereditary pyrimidine nucleotidase deficiency, associated to a nonspherocyt ic hemolytic anemia disorder of still unclear mechanism but metabolically characterized by abnormally high levels of pyrimidine compounds and ribonucleoproteins in erythrocytes, as evidenced by occurrence of basophilic stippling on blood smearings.	pyrimidine	57-67	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	0-6
23116399-3	2013	In the current review, we discuss the merits in targeting the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a flavin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the fourth and only redox step in pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, as a strategy for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies for trypanosomatid-related diseases.We also describe the advances and perspectives from the structural biology point of view in order to unravel the structure-function relationship of trypanosomatid DHODHs, and to identify and validate target sites for drug development.	pyrimidine	182-192	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	69-97
23992316-1	2013	Adenosine- and uridine-cytidine kinases, purine-nucleoside phosphorylase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, and several related enzymes, are components of the salvage pathways which reduce the loss of intracellular purine and pyrimidine rings.	pyrimidine	241-251	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	74-121
23116399-3	2013	In the current review, we discuss the merits in targeting the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a flavin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the fourth and only redox step in pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, as a strategy for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies for trypanosomatid-related diseases.We also describe the advances and perspectives from the structural biology point of view in order to unravel the structure-function relationship of trypanosomatid DHODHs, and to identify and validate target sites for drug development.	pyrimidine	182-192	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	99-104
23199076-1	2012	Selective inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase based upon saturated heterocycles fused to a pyrimidine core were designed and synthesized.	pyrimidine	113-123	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	24-53
24328561-1	2013	beta-Ureidopropionase is the third enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and it catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine and N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, respectively, and ammonia and CO2.	pyrimidine	49-59	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
23150645-8	2013	Furthermore, recombinant maize PyrR mediated NAD(P)H-dependent pyrimidine reduction in vitro.	pyrimidine	63-73	riboflavin biosynthesis protein PYRR, chloroplastic	Zea mays	31-35
23874233-4	2013	A wide spectrum of oxidative pyrimidine-derivatives has been reported, including thymine glycol (Tg), that are primarily removed by a DNA glycosylase, Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (Nth1).	pyrimidine	29-39	nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli)	Mus musculus	151-182
23874233-4	2013	A wide spectrum of oxidative pyrimidine-derivatives has been reported, including thymine glycol (Tg), that are primarily removed by a DNA glycosylase, Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (Nth1).	pyrimidine	29-39	nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli)	Mus musculus	184-188
23394555-1	2013	Thymidylate kinase (TMPK) is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis that catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine 5"-monophosphate (dTMP) in the presence of ATP and Mg(2+) to form thymidine 5"-diphosphate (dTDP), which is then converted to thymidine 5"-triphosphate (dTTP) by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDK).	pyrimidine	46-56	deoxythymidylate kinase	Homo sapiens	0-18
23394555-1	2013	Thymidylate kinase (TMPK) is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis that catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine 5"-monophosphate (dTMP) in the presence of ATP and Mg(2+) to form thymidine 5"-diphosphate (dTDP), which is then converted to thymidine 5"-triphosphate (dTTP) by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDK).	pyrimidine	46-56	deoxythymidylate kinase	Homo sapiens	20-24
23394555-1	2013	Thymidylate kinase (TMPK) is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis that catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine 5"-monophosphate (dTMP) in the presence of ATP and Mg(2+) to form thymidine 5"-diphosphate (dTDP), which is then converted to thymidine 5"-triphosphate (dTTP) by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDK).	pyrimidine	46-56	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog	Drosophila melanogaster	207-211
23394555-1	2013	Thymidylate kinase (TMPK) is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis that catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine 5"-monophosphate (dTMP) in the presence of ATP and Mg(2+) to form thymidine 5"-diphosphate (dTDP), which is then converted to thymidine 5"-triphosphate (dTTP) by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDK).	pyrimidine	46-56	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	277-306
23394555-1	2013	Thymidylate kinase (TMPK) is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis that catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine 5"-monophosphate (dTMP) in the presence of ATP and Mg(2+) to form thymidine 5"-diphosphate (dTDP), which is then converted to thymidine 5"-triphosphate (dTTP) by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDK).	pyrimidine	46-56	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	308-311
23199076-1	2012	Selective inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase based upon saturated heterocycles fused to a pyrimidine core were designed and synthesized.	pyrimidine	113-123	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	55-59
22967083-2	2012	It is caused by dysfunction of the DHODH (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) gene, which encodes a key enzyme in the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis pathway and is localized at mitochondria intermembrane space.	pyrimidine	112-122	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	35-40
23126678-1	2012	An acyclic pyrimidine analogue, containing a five-member cycle fused on the pyrimidine ring, was synthesized and introduced at position 7 or 12 of the 15-mer oligodeoxynucleotide GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG, known as thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA).	pyrimidine	11-21	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	205-213
22967083-2	2012	It is caused by dysfunction of the DHODH (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) gene, which encodes a key enzyme in the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis pathway and is localized at mitochondria intermembrane space.	pyrimidine	112-122	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	42-70
22242798-1	2012	DHODH is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate (ORO) as part of the fourth and rate limiting step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.	pyrimidine	153-163	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-5
22803810-4	2012	Structure-activity guided replacement of the A-ring carboxylic acid with halogens and incorporation of fluorine at the pyrimidine 5-position led to highly potent inhibitors of Aurora A that bind in a DFG-out conformation.	pyrimidine	119-129	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	176-184
22467201-0	2012	Effect of some pyrimidine compounds on rat brain monoamine oxidase-B in vitro.	pyrimidine	15-25	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	49-68
23173711-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, plays a vital role in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway in malaria parasites.	pyrimidine	126-136	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (soluble)	Mus musculus	45-49
23036957-0	2012	Synthesis and SAR of geminal substitutions at the C5" carbosugar position of pyrimidine-derived HCV inhibitors.	pyrimidine	77-87	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	14-17
23010456-0	2012	Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of fused-pyrimidine derivatives as a series of novel GPR119 agonists.	pyrimidine	55-65	G-protein coupled receptor 119	Mus musculus	99-105
23010456-1	2012	A series of fused-pyrimidine derivatives have been discovered as potent and orally active GPR119 agonists.	pyrimidine	18-28	G-protein coupled receptor 119	Mus musculus	90-96
23010456-2	2012	A combination of the fused-pyrimidine structure and 4-chloro-2,5-difluorophenyl group provided the 5,7-dihydrothieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine 6,6-dioxide derivative 14a as a highly potent GPR119 agonist.	pyrimidine	27-37	G-protein coupled receptor 119	Mus musculus	180-186
23013933-2	2012	In this program of work we describe how a series of neutral 2-thioalkyl-pyridine 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors were optimized in terms of their pharmacokinetic properties to give compounds with excellent bioavailability in both rat and dog through a core change to pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	258-268	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-92
22692683-8	2012	In situ analysis of mouse embryos showed Dhodh, Cad and Umps to be strongly expressed in the pharyngeal arch and limb bud, supporting a site- and stage-specific requirement for de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	185-195	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	41-46
22692683-8	2012	In situ analysis of mouse embryos showed Dhodh, Cad and Umps to be strongly expressed in the pharyngeal arch and limb bud, supporting a site- and stage-specific requirement for de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	185-195	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Mus musculus	56-60
22924387-8	2012	On the basis of the high specific activities with N-hydroxylated base analogues relative to other N-hydroxylated substrates, our data suggest that mARC proteins might be involved in protecting cellular DNA from misincorporation of toxic N-hydroxylated base analogues during replication by converting them to the correct purine or pyrimidine bases, respectively.	pyrimidine	330-340	activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein	Mus musculus	147-151
23143255-1	2012	Uridine phosphorylase (UDP, EC 2.4.2.3), a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine to uracil and ribose 1-phosphate.	pyrimidine	61-71	uridine phosphorylase	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	23-26
23021994-0	2012	Identification of pyrimidine derivatives as hSMG-1 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	18-28	SMG1 nonsense mediated mRNA decay associated PI3K related kinase	Homo sapiens	44-50
23021994-3	2012	From our screening efforts, we have identified pyrimidine derivatives as hSMG-1 kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	47-57	SMG1 nonsense mediated mRNA decay associated PI3K related kinase	Homo sapiens	73-79
22896728-8	2012	Molecular docking simulations showed that the 5" position of the pyrimidine moiety of PF-00734200 can access the heme iron-oxo of both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 in an energetically favored orientation.	pyrimidine	65-75	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	135-141
22896728-8	2012	Molecular docking simulations showed that the 5" position of the pyrimidine moiety of PF-00734200 can access the heme iron-oxo of both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 in an energetically favored orientation.	pyrimidine	65-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	146-152
22608759-10	2012	The canonical pathways associated with these genes were in relation to pyrimidine metabolism, G2/M damage checkpoint regulation and p53 signaling (FDR&lt;=0.05).	pyrimidine	71-81	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	132-135
22858590-2	2012	The human endonuclease VIII homologue NEIL1 removes a broad spectrum of oxidized pyrimidine and purine lesions.	pyrimidine	81-91	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	10-27
22858590-2	2012	The human endonuclease VIII homologue NEIL1 removes a broad spectrum of oxidized pyrimidine and purine lesions.	pyrimidine	81-91	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
22773864-0	2012	Bromination at C-5 of Pyrimidine and C-8 of Purine Nucleosides with 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.	pyrimidine	22-32	complement C5	Homo sapiens	15-18
22460522-3	2012	Known DPP4 inhibitors (including marketed drugs and those drug candidates) appear to share similar structural features: the cyanopyrrolidine moieties, the xanthenes/pyrimidine parts and amino-like linkages.	pyrimidine	165-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
22765283-0	2012	A reinvestigation of the dimer of para-benzoquinone and pyrimidine with MP2, CCSD(T), and DFT using functionals including those designed to describe dispersion.	pyrimidine	56-66	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
22490700-3	2012	In line with this, studies with recombinant dCK showed that mimicking Ser-74 phosphorylation by a S74E mutation increases its activity toward pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	142-152	sticky	Drosophila melanogaster	44-47
22246285-0	2012	Structural requirements of pyrimidine, thienopyridine and ureido thiophene carboxamide-based inhibitors of the checkpoint kinase 1: QSAR, docking, molecular dynamics analysis.	pyrimidine	27-37	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	111-130
22692683-1	2012	Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding DHOdehase [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)], an enzyme required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, have been identified as the cause of Miller (Genee-Weidemann or postaxial acrofacial dysostosis) syndrome (MIM 263750).	pyrimidine	122-132	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	41-50
22692683-1	2012	Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding DHOdehase [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)], an enzyme required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, have been identified as the cause of Miller (Genee-Weidemann or postaxial acrofacial dysostosis) syndrome (MIM 263750).	pyrimidine	122-132	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	52-80
22692683-1	2012	Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding DHOdehase [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)], an enzyme required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, have been identified as the cause of Miller (Genee-Weidemann or postaxial acrofacial dysostosis) syndrome (MIM 263750).	pyrimidine	122-132	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	82-87
22649077-0	2012	Divergent functions through alternative splicing: the Drosophila CRMP gene in pyrimidine metabolism, brain, and behavior.	pyrimidine	78-88	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	65-69
22649077-1	2012	DHP and CRMP proteins comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that perform divergent functions, DHP in pyrimidine catabolism in most organisms and CRMP in neuronal dynamics in animals.	pyrimidine	114-124	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	0-3
22649077-1	2012	DHP and CRMP proteins comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that perform divergent functions, DHP in pyrimidine catabolism in most organisms and CRMP in neuronal dynamics in animals.	pyrimidine	114-124	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	8-12
22649077-1	2012	DHP and CRMP proteins comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that perform divergent functions, DHP in pyrimidine catabolism in most organisms and CRMP in neuronal dynamics in animals.	pyrimidine	114-124	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	107-110
22649077-1	2012	DHP and CRMP proteins comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that perform divergent functions, DHP in pyrimidine catabolism in most organisms and CRMP in neuronal dynamics in animals.	pyrimidine	114-124	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	158-162
22607683-2	2012	To explore the structural determinants for Epac antagonist properties of high throughput screening (HTS) hit ESI-08, pyrimidine 1, a series of 5-cyano-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyrimidine analogues have been synthesized and evaluated for their activities for Epac inhibition.	pyrimidine	117-127	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
22607683-5	2012	Our SAR results and molecular docking studies have also revealed that further optimization of the moieties at the C-6 position of pyrimidine scaffold may allow us to discover more potent Epac-specific antagonists.	pyrimidine	130-140	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	187-191
21902591-1	2012	We have analyzed purine (R) and pyrimidine (Y) codon patterns in variable and constant regions of HIV-1 gp120 in seven patients infected with different HIV-1 subtypes and naive to antiretroviral therapy.	pyrimidine	32-42	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	104-109
22529383-4	2012	In contrast to the generally enlarged and nondiscriminating active site of Y-family polymerases like Dpo4, Pol eta is specialized for efficient bypass of UV-cross-linked pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	170-180	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	111-114
22644860-1	2012	The concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT1 and equilibrated nucleoside transporter ENT1 mediate the cellular uptake of naturally occurring pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and many structurally diverse anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogs, thereby regulating drug responses or toxicity at the target site.	pyrimidine	142-152	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
22644860-1	2012	The concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT1 and equilibrated nucleoside transporter ENT1 mediate the cellular uptake of naturally occurring pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and many structurally diverse anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogs, thereby regulating drug responses or toxicity at the target site.	pyrimidine	142-152	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	86-90
22274133-7	2012	In MNGIE, loss of TP activity causes toxic accumulations of the nucleosides thymidine and deoxyuridine that are incorporated by the mitochondrial pyrimidine salvage pathway and cause deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool imbalances, which, in turn cause mtDNA instability.	pyrimidine	146-156	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	18-20
22440859-5	2012	Docking studies were performed to compare the binding modes of experimentally determined crystallographic structures with computational prediction of the pyrimidine derivative binding to CA II.	pyrimidine	154-164	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
22360289-0	2012	Molecular modeling on pyrimidine-urea inhibitors of TNF-alpha production: an integrated approach using a combination of molecular docking, classification techniques, and 3D-QSAR CoMSIA.	pyrimidine	22-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-61
22360289-1	2012	Molecular docking, classification techniques, and 3D-QSAR CoMSIA were combined in a multistep framework with the ultimate goal of identifying potent pyrimidine-urea inhibitors of TNF-alpha production.	pyrimidine	149-159	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	179-188
22265575-4	2012	Treatment with the pyrimidine analog 5-OHdC resulted in increases of p24 production, RT activity and infectivity.	pyrimidine	19-29	transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2	Homo sapiens	69-72
22372864-0	2012	Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine-based dual inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER-1) and HER-2 tyrosine kinases.	pyrimidine	39-49	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	75-115
22372864-0	2012	Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine-based dual inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER-1) and HER-2 tyrosine kinases.	pyrimidine	39-49	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	117-122
22372864-0	2012	Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine-based dual inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER-1) and HER-2 tyrosine kinases.	pyrimidine	39-49	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
22245673-2	2012	Here, we report that yeast Rps3p cleaves variously damaged DNA that contains not only AP sites and pyrimidine dimers but also 7,8-hydro-8-oxoguanine.	pyrimidine	99-109	ribosomal 40S subunit protein S3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-32
22108807-7	2012	Selection cloning and sequence analysis of MDM2 DNA binding sequences, unlike             RNA binding sequences, revealed no obvious DNA binding consensus sequence, but             preferential binding to oligopurine:pyrimidine-rich stretches.	pyrimidine	217-227	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	43-47
22340586-2	2012	In a recent Cell article, Zhang and colleagues found that non-small cell lung cancer TICs overexpress the metabolic enzyme glycine decarboxylase, which leads to increases in pyrimidine synthesis and is critical for proliferation and tumor initiation.	pyrimidine	174-184	glycine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	123-144
21860433-1	2012	TG02 is a novel pyrimidine-based multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits CDKs 1, 2, 7 and 9 together with JAK2 and FLT3.	pyrimidine	16-26	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
22287069-5	2012	Unmodified DNA and RNA do not yield such a peak, but they produce electrocatalytic voltammetric signals after modification with osmium tetroxide complexes with nitrogen ligands [Os(VIII)L], binding covalently to pyrimidine bases in nucleic acids.	pyrimidine	212-222	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	181-187
21541749-1	2012	Cytidine Deaminase (CD) is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that participates in the pyrimidine salvage pathway recycling cytidine and deoxycytidine into uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively.	pyrimidine	87-97	cytidine deaminase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	0-18
21541749-1	2012	Cytidine Deaminase (CD) is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that participates in the pyrimidine salvage pathway recycling cytidine and deoxycytidine into uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively.	pyrimidine	87-97	cytidine deaminase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	20-22
22263565-0	2012	Lower rim 1,3-di{4-antipyrine}amide conjugate of calix[4]arene: synthesis, characterization, and selective recognition of Hg2+ and its sensitivity toward pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	154-164	regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
22263565-0	2012	Lower rim 1,3-di{4-antipyrine}amide conjugate of calix[4]arene: synthesis, characterization, and selective recognition of Hg2+ and its sensitivity toward pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	154-164	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	122-125
22260684-5	2012	In particular, the synthesis of proteins encoded by mRNAs that have a 5"-terminal pyrimidine tract is strongly inhibited by mTOR kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	82-92	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	124-128
21860433-1	2012	TG02 is a novel pyrimidine-based multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits CDKs 1, 2, 7 and 9 together with JAK2 and FLT3.	pyrimidine	16-26	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
22037607-5	2012	Whereas the absolute ratio of 99% of the genes range between 0.2 and 2, the composition of the core promoter of the two most ubiquitously expressed mRNAs of the human SOX5 gene (transcripts ID: ENST00000451604 and ENST00000309359) is exceptionally rich in purine nucleotides (purine/pyrimidine ratio: 61.5).	pyrimidine	283-293	SRY-box transcription factor 5	Homo sapiens	167-171
22225612-5	2012	We found that GLDC induces dramatic changes in glycolysis and glycine/serine metabolism, leading to changes in pyrimidine metabolism to regulate cancer cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	111-121	glycine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	14-18
22159369-7	2012	This analysis pointed towards a perturbed purine and pyrimidine catabolism upon AICAR treatment.	pyrimidine	53-63	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	80-85
23209529-2	2012	The strategy involves the introduction of an amino group at the C-5 of the pyrimidine ring and utilizing the nucleophilictiy of the C-2 in the indole ring to facilitate cationic pi-cyclization.	pyrimidine	75-85	complement C5	Homo sapiens	64-67
22119465-2	2012	After docking into a PDK1 X-ray structure it was suggested that the pyrimidine ring could be substituted for a purine thereby increasing the number of hydrophobic contacts with the protein and forming an additional hydrogen bond to the kinase hinge.	pyrimidine	68-78	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
23209529-2	2012	The strategy involves the introduction of an amino group at the C-5 of the pyrimidine ring and utilizing the nucleophilictiy of the C-2 in the indole ring to facilitate cationic pi-cyclization.	pyrimidine	75-85	complement C2	Homo sapiens	132-135
21982950-5	2012	One of the identified AR partners was the multifunctional enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), which catalyzes the 3 initial steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	193-203	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	22-24
21982950-5	2012	One of the identified AR partners was the multifunctional enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), which catalyzes the 3 initial steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	193-203	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
23430934-1	2012	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP, EC 3.5.2.2) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and a deficiency of this enzyme is responsible for a rare inborn metabolic syndrome characterized by dihydropyrimidinuria.	pyrimidine	66-76	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	0-19
23430934-1	2012	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP, EC 3.5.2.2) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and a deficiency of this enzyme is responsible for a rare inborn metabolic syndrome characterized by dihydropyrimidinuria.	pyrimidine	66-76	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
21954436-1	2011	Abrogation of uridine phosphorylase (UPase) leads to abnormalities in pyrimidine metabolism and host protection against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity.	pyrimidine	70-80	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	14-35
22047639-0	2011	Determination of pyrimidine and purine bases by reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography with at-line surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection employing a novel SERS substrate based on ZnS/CdSe silver-quantum dots.	pyrimidine	17-27	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	173-177
22047639-3	2011	On the basis of this new substrate, at-line SERS detection was coupled with capillary liquid chromatography (cap-LC) for the separation and selective determination of pyrimidine and purine bases.	pyrimidine	167-177	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	44-48
22029285-3	2011	In this work, we tested the hypothesis if addition of a positively ionizable group (PI) to the pyrimidine ring of the scaffold members in positions 5, 6, or 7 could further increase their 5HT(6)R blocking potency.	pyrimidine	95-105	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	Homo sapiens	188-195
22004719-2	2011	The development and optimization of the 2-phenoxypyridine series was carried out from an earlier pyrimidine series of JNK1 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	97-107	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	118-122
22018787-0	2011	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidine derivatives as sub-micromolar affinity ligands of GalR2.	pyrimidine	45-55	galanin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
21954436-1	2011	Abrogation of uridine phosphorylase (UPase) leads to abnormalities in pyrimidine metabolism and host protection against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity.	pyrimidine	70-80	uridine phosphorylase 1	Mus musculus	37-42
21955058-5	2011	Without any external perturbation, in oligopyrimidine SAMs one encounters an energy gradient that is generated by the dipole moments of the pyrimidine repeat units.	pyrimidine	43-53	methionine adenosyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	54-58
22132970-3	2011	As a member of the oxypurine cycle, cN-II is involved in the regulation of intracellular concentration of 5"-inosine monophosphate (IMP), 5"-guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and also 5-phosphoribose 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and is therefore involved in the regulation of purine and pyrimidine de novo and salvage synthesis.	pyrimidine	278-288	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	36-41
21773791-5	2011	The improvement in embryo number and quality affected by the ectopic expression of BnSTM was linked to the increased pyrimidine and purine salvage activity during the early phases of embryogenesis and the enlargement of the adenylate pool (ATP + ADP) required for the active growth of the embryos.	pyrimidine	117-127	homeobox protein SHOOT MERISTEMLESS	Brassica napus	83-88
22147971-3	2011	Pyrimidine anti-metabolites, including S-1, have shown relatively lower risks for secondary hematological malignancies in comparison to alkylating agents and topoisomerase-II inhibitors.	pyrimidine	0-10	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
22118460-2	2011	The DCAF DDB2 detects UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the genome and facilitates nucleotide excision repair.	pyrimidine	33-43	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	9-13
21777202-8	2011	Rim2 was previously shown to mediate pyrimidine exchange in and out of vesicles.	pyrimidine	37-47	Rim2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
21777202-9	2011	In the present study we found that isolated mitochondria lacking Rim2 exhibited concordant iron defects and pyrimidine transport defects, although the connection between these two functions is not explained.	pyrimidine	108-118	Rim2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	65-69
21777202-11	2011	The results indicate that Rim2 is a pyrimidine exchanger with an additional unique function in promoting mitochondrial iron utilization.	pyrimidine	36-46	Rim2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-30
21840961-3	2011	Uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up(4)A) contains both pyrimidine and purine moieties, which are known to potentially activate P2X and P2Y receptors.	pyrimidine	56-66	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	128-131
21114665-2	2011	DPYD encodes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	20-30	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-4
22037210-1	2011	Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB/PTBP1/hnRNP I) is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family that binds specifically to pyrimidine-rich sequences of RNAs.	pyrimidine	4-14	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	38-41
22037210-1	2011	Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB/PTBP1/hnRNP I) is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family that binds specifically to pyrimidine-rich sequences of RNAs.	pyrimidine	4-14	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	42-47
22037210-1	2011	Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB/PTBP1/hnRNP I) is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family that binds specifically to pyrimidine-rich sequences of RNAs.	pyrimidine	4-14	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Mus musculus	48-55
21869733-9	2011	All four genes selected from the pyrimidine gene sets (PSME3, CANT1, ENTPD6, ADRM1) were validated, but only one (PDE4D) was validated for the thiopurine gene sets.	pyrimidine	33-43	proteasome activator subunit 3	Homo sapiens	55-60
21865177-9	2011	From this it is concluded that early in development and during seed production PYD1 is needed to balance pyrimidine catabolism versus salvage.	pyrimidine	105-115	pyrimidine 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	79-83
21825094-4	2011	Overall, this result favors the view that the placenta is a pyrimidine-preferring nucleoside sink from both maternal and fetal sides, and hCNT1 plays a major role in promoting pyrimidine salvage and placental growth.	pyrimidine	176-186	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
21691275-0	2011	SB1518, a novel macrocyclic pyrimidine-based JAK2 inhibitor for the treatment of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies.	pyrimidine	28-38	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	45-49
21691275-1	2011	SB1518 is an innovative pyrimidine-based macrocycle that shows a unique kinase profile with selective inhibition of Janus Kinase-2 (JAK2; IC50=23 and 19 nM for JAK2(WT) and JAK2(V617F), respectively) within the JAK family (IC50=1280, 520 and 50 nM for JAK1, JK3 and TYK2, respectively) and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3; IC50=22 nM).	pyrimidine	24-34	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	116-130
21691275-1	2011	SB1518 is an innovative pyrimidine-based macrocycle that shows a unique kinase profile with selective inhibition of Janus Kinase-2 (JAK2; IC50=23 and 19 nM for JAK2(WT) and JAK2(V617F), respectively) within the JAK family (IC50=1280, 520 and 50 nM for JAK1, JK3 and TYK2, respectively) and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3; IC50=22 nM).	pyrimidine	24-34	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
21869733-9	2011	All four genes selected from the pyrimidine gene sets (PSME3, CANT1, ENTPD6, ADRM1) were validated, but only one (PDE4D) was validated for the thiopurine gene sets.	pyrimidine	33-43	calcium activated nucleotidase 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
21869733-9	2011	All four genes selected from the pyrimidine gene sets (PSME3, CANT1, ENTPD6, ADRM1) were validated, but only one (PDE4D) was validated for the thiopurine gene sets.	pyrimidine	33-43	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6	Homo sapiens	69-75
21869733-9	2011	All four genes selected from the pyrimidine gene sets (PSME3, CANT1, ENTPD6, ADRM1) were validated, but only one (PDE4D) was validated for the thiopurine gene sets.	pyrimidine	33-43	ADRM1 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor	Homo sapiens	77-82
21795683-3	2011	Previously, we used heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes to demonstrate that recombinant hENT2 and its rat ortholog rENT2 also transport purine and pyrimidine bases, h/rENT2 representing the first identified mammalian nucleobase transporter proteins (Yao, S. Y., Ng, A. M., Vickers, M. F., Sundaram, M., Cass, C. E., Baldwin, S. A., and Young, J. D. (2002) J. Biol.	pyrimidine	154-164	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	95-100
21631301-1	2011	AIMS: Uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) is a fundamental enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	71-81	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	6-36
21631301-1	2011	AIMS: Uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) is a fundamental enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	71-81	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	38-42
21878626-3	2011	One such substrate is the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45), which catalyzes the synthesis of TMP and is the sole de novo source of TTP for DNA replication and repair.	pyrimidine	26-36	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	57-77
21861807-1	2011	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes fourth reaction of pyrimidine de-novo synthesis.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	0-28
21861807-1	2011	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes fourth reaction of pyrimidine de-novo synthesis.	pyrimidine	114-124	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
21668582-1	2011	Gimeracil (5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine) is an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), which degrades pyrimidine including 5-fluorouracil in the blood.	pyrimidine	70-80	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	96-100
21791367-1	2011	INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.	pyrimidine	25-35	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	70-90
21791367-1	2011	INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.	pyrimidine	25-35	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	146-177
21791367-1	2011	INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.	pyrimidine	25-35	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	179-182
21791367-1	2011	INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.	pyrimidine	25-35	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	185-208
21791367-1	2011	INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.	pyrimidine	25-35	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	210-212
21791367-1	2011	INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.	pyrimidine	25-35	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	218-251
21791367-1	2011	INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.	pyrimidine	25-35	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	253-257
21444628-3	2011	TS and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are key enzymes of the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	59-69	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	7-30
21664729-5	2011	The results of the radioligand binding assays at adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors showed that most of the compounds exhibited adenosine A(2A) receptor affinity at micromolar or submicromolar concentrations; an annelated pyrimidine ring was beneficial for A(2A) affinity.	pyrimidine	222-232	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	128-152
21761848-1	2011	We utilized a series of pyrimidine analogues modified at O(2), N-3, and N(4)/O(4) to determine if two B family DNA polymerases, human DNA polymerase alpha and herpes simplex virus I DNA polymerase, choose whether to polymerize pyrimidine dNTPs using the same mechanisms they use for purine dNTPs.	pyrimidine	227-237	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	134-154
21598398-1	2011	Cytidine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.5, CDA), an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathways, is responsible for the degradation and inactivation of several cytidine-based antitumor drugs such as cytarabine, gemcitabine, decitabine, and azacytidine.	pyrimidine	55-65	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-18
21828290-7	2011	External application of orotate rescued this phenotype in ukl2, indicating pyrimidine pools are limiting for starch synthesis in ukl2.	pyrimidine	75-85	uridine kinase-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
21828290-7	2011	External application of orotate rescued this phenotype in ukl2, indicating pyrimidine pools are limiting for starch synthesis in ukl2.	pyrimidine	75-85	uridine kinase-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	129-133
21591611-4	2011	Interestingly, the pyrimidine ring including the thioether of 1 could be replaced by a simple benzyl or a benzylidene moiety yielding a novel series of bioactive 2-benzylidene- and 2-benzylhexanoic acids exemplified by 2-(2,3-diphenethoxybenzylidene)hexanoic acid, 29 (IC(50) 5-LO = 0.8 muM; mPGES-1 = 1.1 muM).	pyrimidine	19-29	latexin	Homo sapiens	287-290
21591611-4	2011	Interestingly, the pyrimidine ring including the thioether of 1 could be replaced by a simple benzyl or a benzylidene moiety yielding a novel series of bioactive 2-benzylidene- and 2-benzylhexanoic acids exemplified by 2-(2,3-diphenethoxybenzylidene)hexanoic acid, 29 (IC(50) 5-LO = 0.8 muM; mPGES-1 = 1.1 muM).	pyrimidine	19-29	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	292-299
21591611-4	2011	Interestingly, the pyrimidine ring including the thioether of 1 could be replaced by a simple benzyl or a benzylidene moiety yielding a novel series of bioactive 2-benzylidene- and 2-benzylhexanoic acids exemplified by 2-(2,3-diphenethoxybenzylidene)hexanoic acid, 29 (IC(50) 5-LO = 0.8 muM; mPGES-1 = 1.1 muM).	pyrimidine	19-29	latexin	Homo sapiens	306-309
21404309-4	2011	All the sensitizers tested (DNCB, OXA and TDI) induced significant up-regulation of Psme4, which is associated with DNA replication; Tfdp1, which is related to cell cycle regulation; and Dut, which is involved in pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	213-223	proteasome activator subunit 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
21444628-3	2011	TS and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are key enzymes of the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	59-69	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	32-34
21763166-0	2011	Development of in silico models for pyrazoles and pyrimidine derivatives as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	50-60	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	76-101
21520929-6	2011	Specifically, we utilized oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) to detect 8-oxoguanine caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species and employed the damaged-DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2) for detection of pyrimidine dimer photoproducts induced by UVC light.	pyrimidine	198-208	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	175-179
21306905-0	2011	Simplification of the tetracyclic SIRT1-selective inhibitor MC2141: coumarin- and pyrimidine-based SIRT1/2 inhibitors with different selectivity profile.	pyrimidine	82-92	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
21477079-3	2011	Upon standing in aqueous solution, the (5-4) adduct is susceptible to reaction to form an isomeric form of the parent adduct, possibly via ring-opening and closure reactions at C-6 of the saturated pyrimidine ring component of the adduct.	pyrimidine	198-208	complement C6	Homo sapiens	177-180
21712816-0	2011	Pyrimidine pool imbalance induced by BLM helicase deficiency contributes to genetic instability in Bloom syndrome.	pyrimidine	0-10	BLM RecQ like helicase	Homo sapiens	37-40
21712816-5	2011	In BLM-deficient cells, pyrimidine pool normalization leads to reduction of sister chromatid exchange frequency and is sufficient for full restoration of replication fork velocity but not the fork restart defect, thus identifying the part of the Bloom syndrome phenotype because of pyrimidine pool imbalance.	pyrimidine	24-34	BLM RecQ like helicase	Homo sapiens	3-6
21712816-5	2011	In BLM-deficient cells, pyrimidine pool normalization leads to reduction of sister chromatid exchange frequency and is sufficient for full restoration of replication fork velocity but not the fork restart defect, thus identifying the part of the Bloom syndrome phenotype because of pyrimidine pool imbalance.	pyrimidine	282-292	BLM RecQ like helicase	Homo sapiens	3-6
21306905-0	2011	Simplification of the tetracyclic SIRT1-selective inhibitor MC2141: coumarin- and pyrimidine-based SIRT1/2 inhibitors with different selectivity profile.	pyrimidine	82-92	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
21567966-7	2011	Among the series of pyrimidine analogues, one derivative was shown to be phosphorylated by human UMP-CMP kinase, with rates similar to those of dUMP and even better than dCMP.	pyrimidine	20-30	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	97-111
21599982-4	2011	This activity was blocked by addition of 30 muM PP1, a pyrimidine inhibitor specific for Src family tyrosine kinases, in immune-complex assays to confirm that this stimulus activates Src tyrosine kinase.	pyrimidine	55-65	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
21599982-4	2011	This activity was blocked by addition of 30 muM PP1, a pyrimidine inhibitor specific for Src family tyrosine kinases, in immune-complex assays to confirm that this stimulus activates Src tyrosine kinase.	pyrimidine	55-65	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	89-92
21507642-0	2011	Synthesis and SAR of pyrimidine-based, non-nucleotide P2Y14 receptor antagonists.	pyrimidine	21-31	sarcosinemia autosomal recessive	Mus musculus	14-17
21493064-2	2011	A pyrimidine core proved to be the best heterocycle, and SAR studies resulted in the discovery of analog 5, a potent and structurally diverse CCK1R agonist.	pyrimidine	2-12	cholecystokinin A receptor	Homo sapiens	142-147
21396942-7	2011	This study also provides the structural basis for the substrate specificity of cN-II, where Arg202, Asp206, and Phe157 seem to be important residues for purine/pyrimidine selectivity.	pyrimidine	160-170	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	79-84
21185177-2	2011	The development of the 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-pyridine series was discovered from an earlier pyrimidine series of JNK inhibitors.	pyrimidine	87-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	108-111
21322649-5	2011	Here, we report an unprecedented finding from the results of this integrated analysis revealing that ATM dictates purine, pyrimidine, and urea cycle pathways through the regulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major sensor and regulator of cellular energy homeostasis.	pyrimidine	122-132	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	101-104
21436031-4	2011	Correspondingly, the antiviral activity of A3 can be linked to a cellular protein, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	155-165	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	83-111
21367966-1	2011	Uridine-5"-monophosphate synthase (UMPS), the critical step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which is a housekeeping plastid process in higher plants, was investigated in a marine diatom, the most crucial primary producer in the marine environment.	pyrimidine	75-85	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	35-39
21436031-4	2011	Correspondingly, the antiviral activity of A3 can be linked to a cellular protein, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	155-165	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	113-118
21436031-5	2011	Viral replication of both RNA and DNA viruses can be restored in the presence of excess uracil, which promotes pyrimidine salvage, or excess orotic acid, which is the product of DHODH in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	199-209	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	178-183
21623543-1	2011	Novel C-6 substituted pyrimidine derivatives are good substrates of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK).	pyrimidine	22-32	complement C6	Homo sapiens	6-9
21429752-5	2011	Furthermore, molecular modeling studies indicate that a central pyrimidine ring serves as a suitable template to develop dual inhibitors of cholinesterase and AChE-induced Abeta aggregation thereby targeting multiple pathological routes in AD.	pyrimidine	64-74	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	140-154
21429752-5	2011	Furthermore, molecular modeling studies indicate that a central pyrimidine ring serves as a suitable template to develop dual inhibitors of cholinesterase and AChE-induced Abeta aggregation thereby targeting multiple pathological routes in AD.	pyrimidine	64-74	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	159-163
21268116-0	2011	Crystal structure of the pyrimidine 5"-nucleotidase SDT1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae complexed with uridine 5"-monophosphate provides further insight into ligand binding.	pyrimidine	25-35	nucleotidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
21334203-0	2011	Synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrimidine-based dual EGFR/Her-2 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	34-44	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	56-60
21483805-4	2011	By contrast, the genes encoding Ly49B and Q in myeloid cells, the activating Ly49D and H receptors in NK cells, and Ly49F in activated T cells, were predominantly transcribed from a conserved site in a pyrimidine-rich region upstream of exon 1.	pyrimidine	202-212	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 2	Mus musculus	32-37
21483805-4	2011	By contrast, the genes encoding Ly49B and Q in myeloid cells, the activating Ly49D and H receptors in NK cells, and Ly49F in activated T cells, were predominantly transcribed from a conserved site in a pyrimidine-rich region upstream of exon 1.	pyrimidine	202-212	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 4	Mus musculus	77-82
21483805-4	2011	By contrast, the genes encoding Ly49B and Q in myeloid cells, the activating Ly49D and H receptors in NK cells, and Ly49F in activated T cells, were predominantly transcribed from a conserved site in a pyrimidine-rich region upstream of exon 1.	pyrimidine	202-212	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 6	Mus musculus	116-121
21334203-0	2011	Synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrimidine-based dual EGFR/Her-2 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	34-44	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	61-66
21362553-5	2011	EMSA, ITC, and NMR studies show that PTB RRMs 1 and 2 bind the pyrimidine-rich internal loop of U1 snRNA stem loop 4.	pyrimidine	63-73	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
21362553-5	2011	EMSA, ITC, and NMR studies show that PTB RRMs 1 and 2 bind the pyrimidine-rich internal loop of U1 snRNA stem loop 4.	pyrimidine	63-73	RNA, U1 small nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	96-104
21127790-5	2011	Introduction of a 2-bromovinyl group on C-5 of the pyrimidine base of the most promising 3"-derivative further improved the inhibitory activity, and caused a significant increase in the selectivity for TK2 versus TK1.	pyrimidine	51-61	complement C5	Homo sapiens	40-43
21235647-6	2011	Here we show that NSH1 is also able to hydrolyze xanthosine with high efficiency, and thus represents the leading activity in purine and pyrimidine breakdown in a cell.	pyrimidine	137-147	uridine-ribohydrolase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
21127790-5	2011	Introduction of a 2-bromovinyl group on C-5 of the pyrimidine base of the most promising 3"-derivative further improved the inhibitory activity, and caused a significant increase in the selectivity for TK2 versus TK1.	pyrimidine	51-61	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	202-205
21127790-5	2011	Introduction of a 2-bromovinyl group on C-5 of the pyrimidine base of the most promising 3"-derivative further improved the inhibitory activity, and caused a significant increase in the selectivity for TK2 versus TK1.	pyrimidine	51-61	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	213-216
21401501-4	2011	Alterations of purine and pyrimidine metabolism affecting brain function are spread along both synthesis (PRPS, ADSL, ATIC, HPRT, UMPS, dGK, TK), and breakdown pathways (5NT, ADA, PNP, GCH, DPD, DHPA, TP, UP), sometimes also involving pyridine metabolism.	pyrimidine	26-36	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	106-110
21401501-4	2011	Alterations of purine and pyrimidine metabolism affecting brain function are spread along both synthesis (PRPS, ADSL, ATIC, HPRT, UMPS, dGK, TK), and breakdown pathways (5NT, ADA, PNP, GCH, DPD, DHPA, TP, UP), sometimes also involving pyridine metabolism.	pyrimidine	26-36	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	118-122
21401501-4	2011	Alterations of purine and pyrimidine metabolism affecting brain function are spread along both synthesis (PRPS, ADSL, ATIC, HPRT, UMPS, dGK, TK), and breakdown pathways (5NT, ADA, PNP, GCH, DPD, DHPA, TP, UP), sometimes also involving pyridine metabolism.	pyrimidine	26-36	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
21401501-4	2011	Alterations of purine and pyrimidine metabolism affecting brain function are spread along both synthesis (PRPS, ADSL, ATIC, HPRT, UMPS, dGK, TK), and breakdown pathways (5NT, ADA, PNP, GCH, DPD, DHPA, TP, UP), sometimes also involving pyridine metabolism.	pyrimidine	26-36	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	130-134
21401501-4	2011	Alterations of purine and pyrimidine metabolism affecting brain function are spread along both synthesis (PRPS, ADSL, ATIC, HPRT, UMPS, dGK, TK), and breakdown pathways (5NT, ADA, PNP, GCH, DPD, DHPA, TP, UP), sometimes also involving pyridine metabolism.	pyrimidine	26-36	Diacyl glycerol kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	136-139
21401501-4	2011	Alterations of purine and pyrimidine metabolism affecting brain function are spread along both synthesis (PRPS, ADSL, ATIC, HPRT, UMPS, dGK, TK), and breakdown pathways (5NT, ADA, PNP, GCH, DPD, DHPA, TP, UP), sometimes also involving pyridine metabolism.	pyrimidine	26-36	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	180-183
21954325-2	2011	As a case study we investigate MAA/EGDMA polymers imprinted with pyrazine and pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	78-88	MAA	Homo sapiens	31-34
21772997-4	2011	Binding studies show that RPA-C binds pyrimidine- and purine-rich sequences similarly.	pyrimidine	38-48	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	26-29
20924567-5	2010	Molecular specificity of the SERS technique was studied by comparing the SERS spectrum of TBA-MDA with those acquired with TBA adducts of other TBA-reactive compounds (TBARCs) that includes formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	254-264	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	29-33
20952196-1	2010	Novel C-aryl glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors containing pyrimidine motif were designed and synthesized for biological evaluation.	pyrimidine	51-61	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
20952196-2	2010	Among the compounds assayed, pyrimidine containing methylthio moiety 11 g demonstrated the best in vitro inhibitory activity against SGLT2 in this series to date (IC(50)=10.7 nM).	pyrimidine	29-39	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
20833729-9	2010	The Thellungiella species and other halophytes share conserved pyrimidine-rich 5" untranslated region proximal regions of SOS1 that are missing in Arabidopsis.	pyrimidine	63-73	sodium proton exchanger, putative (NHX7) (SOS1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	122-126
20851615-0	2010	A convenient synthesis and molecular modeling study of novel purine and pyrimidine derivatives as CDK2/cyclin A3 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	72-82	cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Mus musculus	98-102
20851615-1	2010	A series of novel purine and pyrimidine derivatives were prepared and biologically evaluated for their in vitro anti-CDK2/cyclin A3 and antitumor activities in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell based assay.	pyrimidine	29-39	cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Mus musculus	117-121
20823098-5	2010	RESULTS: Novel low molecular weight pyrimidine-based compounds that activate the GLP-1 receptor and stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion are described.	pyrimidine	36-46	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	81-95
21779428-8	2010	The increased potency observed for the second-generation "type II" inhibitors was observed to be due to an improved interaction with the ATP pocket of FLT3, specifically associated with introduction of a piperazine moiety and placement of an amino group in position 2 of the pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	275-285	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	151-155
20675387-8	2010	Furthermore, heterozygous mutants for the dKdm4B gene are more sensitive to UV irradiation; they are deficient in the removal of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, and the decrease of H3K9me3 levels following DNA damage is not observed in dKdm4B mutant flies.	pyrimidine	141-151	Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4B	Drosophila melanogaster	42-48
20810280-2	2010	After elaborating on substituents at C2 and C4 position of the pyrimidine scaffold, we have observed that the compound 7h is a potent APA with H(+)/K(+) ATPase, IC(50) = 52 nM.	pyrimidine	63-73	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	134-137
20702404-2	2010	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and represents a potential target for anti-malarial therapy.	pyrimidine	77-87	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
20310011-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	77-87	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	12-40
20310011-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	77-87	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	42-47
19941076-1	2010	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine to their corresponding uracil nucleosides.	pyrimidine	30-40	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-18
19941076-1	2010	Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine to their corresponding uracil nucleosides.	pyrimidine	30-40	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	20-23
20824065-12	2010	Metabolomic analysis, conducted to gain insight into intermediary metabolic pathways that ME2 knockdown might affect, showed that ME2 depletion resulted in high orotate levels, suggesting potential impairment of pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	212-222	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	90-93
20856879-1	2010	Uridine phosphorylase (UPP) is a central enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine to uracil and ribose-1-phosphate.	pyrimidine	55-65	uridine phosphorylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
20856879-1	2010	Uridine phosphorylase (UPP) is a central enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine to uracil and ribose-1-phosphate.	pyrimidine	55-65	uridine phosphorylase 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
20824065-12	2010	Metabolomic analysis, conducted to gain insight into intermediary metabolic pathways that ME2 knockdown might affect, showed that ME2 depletion resulted in high orotate levels, suggesting potential impairment of pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	212-222	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	130-133
20810757-0	2010	A new pyrimidine-specific reporter gene: a mutated human deoxycytidine kinase suitable for PET during treatment with acycloguanosine-based cytotoxic drugs.	pyrimidine	6-16	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	57-77
20810757-3	2010	RESULTS: Cells transduced with dCK mutant reporter genes showed high in vitro and in vivo uptake of pyrimidine-based radiopharmaceuticals ((18)F-FEAU) comparable to that of herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk)-transduced cells.	pyrimidine	100-110	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	31-34
20810757-6	2010	CONCLUSION: The mutants of human dCK can be used as pyrimidine-specific PET reporter genes for imaging with (18)F-FEAU during treatment with acycloguanosine-based antiviral drugs.	pyrimidine	52-62	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	33-36
19967721-4	2010	Various chemical classes of small molecule CCR3 antagonists have been described so far, including (bi)piperidine and piperazine derivatives, N-arylalkylpiperidine urea derivatives and (N-ureidoalkyl)benzylpiperidines, phenylalanine derivatives, morpholinyl derivatives, pyrrolidinohydroquinazolines, arylsulfonamides, amino-alkyl amides, imidazole- and pyrimidine-based antagonists, and bicyclic diamines.	pyrimidine	353-363	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
20711188-3	2010	PTB-repressed and PTB-activated exons showed a distinct arrangement of motifs with pyrimidine-rich motif enrichment within and upstream of repressed exons but downstream of activated exons.	pyrimidine	83-93	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
20711188-3	2010	PTB-repressed and PTB-activated exons showed a distinct arrangement of motifs with pyrimidine-rich motif enrichment within and upstream of repressed exons but downstream of activated exons.	pyrimidine	83-93	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
20711188-5	2010	Moreover, insertion of an upstream pyrimidine tract was sufficient to convert a PTB-activated exon to a PTB-repressed exon.	pyrimidine	35-45	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
20711188-5	2010	Moreover, insertion of an upstream pyrimidine tract was sufficient to convert a PTB-activated exon to a PTB-repressed exon.	pyrimidine	35-45	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
20473969-5	2010	Following pyrimidine limitation of the mutant strain cells, dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activities were found to about double while aspartate transcarbamoylase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activities were slightly elevated compared to their activities in the mutant strain cells grown on excess uracil.	pyrimidine	10-20	DUF4870 domain-containing protein	Pseudomonas oryzihabitans	184-217
20354138-4	2010	By MTS assay, we showed that the pyrimidine derivatives indicated as S7, S29, and SI163 greatly reduce the growth rate of medulloblastoma cells by inhibiting Src phosphorylation, compared with HT22 non-neoplastic nerve cells.	pyrimidine	33-43	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	158-161
20354138-6	2010	Moreover, the exposure to pyrimidine derivatives induces apoptosis, assayed by the supravital propidium iodide assay, through modulation of the apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl2, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo in a mouse model.	pyrimidine	26-36	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	163-166
20354138-6	2010	Moreover, the exposure to pyrimidine derivatives induces apoptosis, assayed by the supravital propidium iodide assay, through modulation of the apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl2, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo in a mouse model.	pyrimidine	26-36	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	171-175
20553870-8	2010	Furthermore, T-cell proliferation studies in vitro support that the anti proliferative effect of ABR-222417 is caused by inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, which is the consequence of DHODH inhibition.	pyrimidine	143-153	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	193-198
20502437-3	2010	Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), which regulates tissue-specific splicing, represses exon 3 of alpha-tropomyosin through distant pyrimidine-rich tracts in the flanking introns.	pyrimidine	4-14	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
20566882-0	2010	Pyrimidine biosynthesis links mitochondrial respiration to the p53 pathway.	pyrimidine	0-10	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	63-66
20566882-8	2010	The results establish the deficiency in pyrimidine biosynthesis as the cause of p53 response in the cells with impaired mitochondrial respiration.	pyrimidine	40-50	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	80-83
20502437-3	2010	Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), which regulates tissue-specific splicing, represses exon 3 of alpha-tropomyosin through distant pyrimidine-rich tracts in the flanking introns.	pyrimidine	4-14	tropomyosin 1	Homo sapiens	106-123
20362666-1	2010	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and catalyses the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine.	pyrimidine	54-64	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	0-19
20362666-1	2010	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and catalyses the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine.	pyrimidine	54-64	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
20577208-1	2010	The variant form of the human syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum (XPV) is caused by a deficiency in DNA polymerase eta (Poleta), a DNA polymerase that enables replication through ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	195-205	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	96-114
20399851-5	2010	Here, we investigated the role of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH; an enzyme associated with the mitochondrial electron transport chain and required for de novo pyrimidine synthesis) in 4HPR-induced ROS production and attendant apoptosis in transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells.	pyrimidine	165-175	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	64-69
20472431-2	2010	The steric and electronic properties at C-2 and C-4 positions of the pyrimidine ring were varied to investigate their effect on ChE inhibitory potency and selectivity.	pyrimidine	69-79	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-51
20472431-2	2010	The steric and electronic properties at C-2 and C-4 positions of the pyrimidine ring were varied to investigate their effect on ChE inhibitory potency and selectivity.	pyrimidine	69-79	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	128-131
20472431-5	2010	Accordingly, steric and electronic properties at the C-2 position of the pyrimidine ring play a critical role in ChE inhibition.	pyrimidine	73-83	complement C2	Homo sapiens	53-56
20472431-5	2010	Accordingly, steric and electronic properties at the C-2 position of the pyrimidine ring play a critical role in ChE inhibition.	pyrimidine	73-83	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	113-116
20446735-4	2010	4-Methoxyimino modification of pyrimidine enhanced P2Y(6), preserved P2Y(2) and P2Y(4), and abolished P2Y(14) receptor potency, in the appropriate nucleotide.	pyrimidine	31-41	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	51-57
20446735-4	2010	4-Methoxyimino modification of pyrimidine enhanced P2Y(6), preserved P2Y(2) and P2Y(4), and abolished P2Y(14) receptor potency, in the appropriate nucleotide.	pyrimidine	31-41	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	69-75
20446735-4	2010	4-Methoxyimino modification of pyrimidine enhanced P2Y(6), preserved P2Y(2) and P2Y(4), and abolished P2Y(14) receptor potency, in the appropriate nucleotide.	pyrimidine	31-41	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4	Homo sapiens	80-86
20446735-4	2010	4-Methoxyimino modification of pyrimidine enhanced P2Y(6), preserved P2Y(2) and P2Y(4), and abolished P2Y(14) receptor potency, in the appropriate nucleotide.	pyrimidine	31-41	purinergic receptor P2Y14	Homo sapiens	102-118
19943176-0	2010	Theoretical studies on pyrimidine substituent derivatives as dual inhibitors of AP-1 and NF-kappaB.	pyrimidine	23-33	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	89-98
19943176-1	2010	Theoretical studies on the three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and mechanisms of action of a series of pyrimidine substituent derivatives as dual inhibitors of AP-1 and NF-kappaB were carried out using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and docking methods.	pyrimidine	142-152	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	208-217
19943176-6	2010	The docking analysis also shows that the binding sites fall just at the joint regions between AP-1 (or NF-kappaB) and DNA, where these compounds can effectively prevent free AP-1 and NF-kappaB from binding to DNA, and this may be the reason that derivatives with pyrimidine substituents have an inhibition function.	pyrimidine	263-273	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	103-112
19943176-6	2010	The docking analysis also shows that the binding sites fall just at the joint regions between AP-1 (or NF-kappaB) and DNA, where these compounds can effectively prevent free AP-1 and NF-kappaB from binding to DNA, and this may be the reason that derivatives with pyrimidine substituents have an inhibition function.	pyrimidine	263-273	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	183-192
20544541-0	2010	Region-specific distribution of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in the rat central nervous system points to pyrimidine de novo synthesis in neurons.	pyrimidine	105-115	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	32-60
20421948-7	2010	Using this, we have identified a pyrimidine compound (PC1) binding guanine riboswitches that shows bactericidal activity against a subgroup of bacterial species including well-known nosocomial pathogens.	pyrimidine	33-43	minisatellite 6 hypermutable	Mus musculus	54-57
20372850-0	2010	Immunohistochemical characterization of pyrimidine synthetic enzymes, thymidine kinase-1 and thymidylate synthase, in various types of cancer.	pyrimidine	40-50	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	70-88
20372850-0	2010	Immunohistochemical characterization of pyrimidine synthetic enzymes, thymidine kinase-1 and thymidylate synthase, in various types of cancer.	pyrimidine	40-50	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	93-113
20372850-1	2010	Thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes for salvage and de novo pyrimidine synthesis, respectively.	pyrimidine	96-106	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
20372850-1	2010	Thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes for salvage and de novo pyrimidine synthesis, respectively.	pyrimidine	96-106	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
20372850-1	2010	Thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes for salvage and de novo pyrimidine synthesis, respectively.	pyrimidine	96-106	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	30-50
20372850-1	2010	Thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes for salvage and de novo pyrimidine synthesis, respectively.	pyrimidine	96-106	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	52-54
20372850-9	2010	Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and squamous cell uterine carcinomas were often accompanied by high TS expression, indicating activation of pyrimidine synthesis through both the salvage and de novo pathways.	pyrimidine	141-151	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	101-103
20544541-3	2010	Therefore, we investigated the activity of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine de novo synthesis, by catalytic enzyme histochemistry in adult rat brain.	pyrimidine	106-116	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	43-71
20544541-3	2010	Therefore, we investigated the activity of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine de novo synthesis, by catalytic enzyme histochemistry in adult rat brain.	pyrimidine	106-116	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
23710112-5	2010	Finally, functionalization at C-4 of the pyrimidine ring by nucleophilic substitution gave the targeted isoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines.	pyrimidine	41-51	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-33
20060452-3	2010	In mCNT1-transfected Cos-7 cells, pyrimidine, but not purine, nucleosides showed sodium- and concentration-dependent uptake, and uridine uptake was competitively inhibited by uridine analogues, the rank order of the inhibitory effects being 5-bromouridine&gt;3"-deoxyuridine&gt;2"-deoxyuridine.	pyrimidine	34-44	solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	3-8
20160105-3	2010	It has been proposed that PTB acts by looping out exons flanked by pyrimidine tracts.	pyrimidine	67-77	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
20160105-5	2010	We show that the RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) 3 and 4 of PTB can bind two distant pyrimidine tracts and bring their 5" and 3" ends in close proximity, thus looping the RNA.	pyrimidine	83-93	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
20045222-0	2010	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidine derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors.	pyrimidine	54-64	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
21386204-4	2010	In this paper, we describe three simple, noninvasive phenotype breath tests using [13C]-dextromethorphan and [13C]-pantoprazole for assessing polymorphic CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzyme activity and [13C]-uracil to assess the enzyme activity of DPD, DPHD and beta-ureidopropionase for identifying pyrimidine metabolic disorder.	pyrimidine	291-301	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	154-160
20148972-3	2010	UMPS-1 catalyzes the conversion of orotic acid to UMP; this comprises the two terminal steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	104-114	Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-6
20148972-8	2010	The effects of mutations in pyr-1, which encodes the enzyme catalyzing the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, did not phenotypically resemble those of umps-1(-); instead, the synthetic lethality and enlargement of gut granules exhibited by the umps-1(-) mutant was suppressed by pyr-1(-).	pyrimidine	104-114	Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase	Caenorhabditis elegans	28-33
19783479-7	2010	By utilizing transcriptional profile analysis a strong regulatory impact of PknB/Stk on the expression of genes encoding proteins which are involved in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, cell wall metabolism, autolysis, and glutamine synthesis could be identified.	pyrimidine	163-173	macrophage stimulating 1 receptor (c-met-related tyrosine kinase)	Mus musculus	81-84
19765547-3	2010	Human UMP/CMP kinase (UMP/CMPK; cytidylate kinase; EC 2.7.4.14) is thought to be responsible for phosphorylation of UMP, CMP, and dCMP and may also play an important role in the activation of pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	192-202	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	6-20
19765547-3	2010	Human UMP/CMP kinase (UMP/CMPK; cytidylate kinase; EC 2.7.4.14) is thought to be responsible for phosphorylation of UMP, CMP, and dCMP and may also play an important role in the activation of pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	192-202	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	22-30
19765547-3	2010	Human UMP/CMP kinase (UMP/CMPK; cytidylate kinase; EC 2.7.4.14) is thought to be responsible for phosphorylation of UMP, CMP, and dCMP and may also play an important role in the activation of pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	192-202	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-49
19765547-3	2010	Human UMP/CMP kinase (UMP/CMPK; cytidylate kinase; EC 2.7.4.14) is thought to be responsible for phosphorylation of UMP, CMP, and dCMP and may also play an important role in the activation of pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	192-202	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
19765547-5	2010	In this study we explored the functional roles of UMP/CMPK in natural pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism of deoxycytidine analogs, as well as 5-FU in HeLa S3 and HCT8 cells.	pyrimidine	70-80	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
19765547-5	2010	In this study we explored the functional roles of UMP/CMPK in natural pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism of deoxycytidine analogs, as well as 5-FU in HeLa S3 and HCT8 cells.	pyrimidine	70-80	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
19822137-1	2010	OBJECTIVES: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial rate-limiting enzyme in endogenous pyrimidine catabolism and is responsible for the reduction of the pyrimidine analog 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	19-29	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-48
20056743-10	2010	However, patients carrying the variant OGG1 Cys allele showed elevated levels of pyrimidine base damage as compared to patients carrying the wild-type OGG1 Ser (p &lt; .05).	pyrimidine	81-91	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	39-43
20048284-4	2010	Consistent with the DNA deamination mechanism, B cells expressing the modified AID proteins yield altered IgV mutation spectra (exhibiting a purine--&gt;pyrimidine shift in flanking nucleotide preference) and altered hotspots.	pyrimidine	153-163	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	79-82
19765547-10	2010	This study indicates that the second step enzyme (UMP/CMPK) is responsible for the phosphorylation of pyrimidine analogs and also has an impact on cellular sensitivity to these analogs in those cell lines.	pyrimidine	102-112	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	50-58
20522971-3	2010	Because both dCyd and 5FU are pyrimidine analogues, it is possible that they have pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic interaction, by which the anti-cancer efficacy of 5FU would be reduced.	pyrimidine	30-40	Cyd	Drosophila melanogaster	13-17
19915526-3	2010	Filtering against public SNP databases and eight HapMap exomes for genes with two previously unknown variants in each of the four individuals identified a single candidate gene, DHODH, which encodes a key enzyme in the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis pathway.	pyrimidine	219-229	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	178-183
20033049-4	2009	Here we identify a covalent pyrimidine EGFR inhibitor by screening an irreversible kinase inhibitor library specifically against EGFR T790M.	pyrimidine	28-38	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	39-43
20033049-4	2009	Here we identify a covalent pyrimidine EGFR inhibitor by screening an irreversible kinase inhibitor library specifically against EGFR T790M.	pyrimidine	28-38	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	129-133
19904940-8	2009	The K ligand binds the 2 x 2 pyrimidine-rich internal loops found in the DM2 RNA with high affinity.	pyrimidine	29-39	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	73-76
19921053-0	2009	In situ solid state formation of copper(I) coordination polymers by thermal reduction of copper(II) precursor compounds: structure and reactivity of [Cu(NCS)2(pyrimidine)2]n. Reaction of copper(II) thiocyanate with pyrimidine leads to the formation of the new ligand-rich 1:2 (1:2 = ratio metal salt to ligand) copper(II) compound [Cu(NCS)(2)(pyrimidine)(2)](n) (1).	pyrimidine	159-169	cytosolic thiouridylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	153-158
20145805-15	2009	Despite large dispersions of the stabilization energies due to conformational dynamics of DNA, there are only few thermally accessible structures where GT(-)G and GC(-)G are energetically more favorable than the corresponding pyrimidine triplets.	pyrimidine	226-236	glucagon	Homo sapiens	163-169
20047468-2	2009	UVB irradiation causes DNA damage, mainly in the form of pyrimidine dimers (cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts), and organisms have developed complex multiprotein repair processes to cope with the DNA damage.	pyrimidine	57-67	syntabulin (syntaxin-interacting)	Danio rerio	80-83
19837844-4	2009	The counterselectable marker that makes this deletion system possible is the pyrimidine salvage enzyme, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, encoded by upp.	pyrimidine	77-87	upp	Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough	149-152
20032865-1	2009	The synthetic route for introduction of fluorophenylalkyl (compounds 5, 7, 14 and 15) and fluorophenylalkenyl (compounds 4E and 13) side chains at C-6 of the pyrimidine nucleus involved the lithiation of the pyrimidine derivatives 1, 2 and 11 and subsequent nucleophilic addition or substitution reactions of the organolithium intermediate thus obtained with 2-fluorophenylacetone, 4-fluoroacetophenone or ethyl 4-fluorobenzoate as electrophiles.	pyrimidine	158-168	complement C6	Homo sapiens	147-150
20032865-1	2009	The synthetic route for introduction of fluorophenylalkyl (compounds 5, 7, 14 and 15) and fluorophenylalkenyl (compounds 4E and 13) side chains at C-6 of the pyrimidine nucleus involved the lithiation of the pyrimidine derivatives 1, 2 and 11 and subsequent nucleophilic addition or substitution reactions of the organolithium intermediate thus obtained with 2-fluorophenylacetone, 4-fluoroacetophenone or ethyl 4-fluorobenzoate as electrophiles.	pyrimidine	208-218	complement C6	Homo sapiens	147-150
20032865-5	2009	Among all tested compounds, C-5 furyl (12) and phenyl (13 and 15) substituted pyrimidine derivatives showed significant cytostatic activities against all tested tumor cell lines.	pyrimidine	78-88	complement C5	Homo sapiens	28-31
19773162-0	2009	Pyrimidine-based antagonists of h-MCH-R1 derived from ATC0175: in vitro profiling and in vivo evaluation.	pyrimidine	0-10	melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
19797058-2	2009	One substrate of this pathway is the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS; EC 2.1.1.45), which catalyzes the reductive methylation of dUMP to form dTMP and is essential for DNA replication during cell growth and proliferation.	pyrimidine	37-47	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	68-88
19797058-2	2009	One substrate of this pathway is the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS; EC 2.1.1.45), which catalyzes the reductive methylation of dUMP to form dTMP and is essential for DNA replication during cell growth and proliferation.	pyrimidine	37-47	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	90-92
19746387-6	2009	DNA-complex-formation analyses with a gel-mobility-shift assay and sequence-specific probing of H-DNA-forming (GAA)n sequences by single-strand oligonucleotides and triplex-directed cleavage demonstrated that a parallel pyrimidine (rather than purine) triplex is the more stable motif formed at (GAA)n repeats under physiologically relevant conditions.	pyrimidine	220-230	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	111-114
19746387-6	2009	DNA-complex-formation analyses with a gel-mobility-shift assay and sequence-specific probing of H-DNA-forming (GAA)n sequences by single-strand oligonucleotides and triplex-directed cleavage demonstrated that a parallel pyrimidine (rather than purine) triplex is the more stable motif formed at (GAA)n repeats under physiologically relevant conditions.	pyrimidine	220-230	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	296-299
19796941-1	2009	Piperazinyl-glutamate-pyrimidines were prepared with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur substitution at the 4-position of the pyrimidine leading to highly potent P2Y12 antagonists.	pyrimidine	22-32	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	156-161
19773162-1	2009	A series of pyrimidine analogues derived from ATC0175 were potent antagonists of human MCH-R1 in vitro.	pyrimidine	12-22	melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
19747833-4	2009	To search for novel STAT6 inhibitors, we synthesized fused bicyclic pyrimidine derivatives and identified a 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative as a STAT6 inhibitor.	pyrimidine	68-78	signal transducer and activator of transcription 6	Mus musculus	20-25
19819975-6	2009	An intronic pyrimidine motif present in both GR and MR genes was found to be critical for usage of the downstream donor site, and overexpression of TIA1/TIAL1 RNA binding proteins, which are known to bind such motifs, led to a marked increase in the proportion of GRgamma and MR+12.	pyrimidine	12-22	TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein like 1	Homo sapiens	153-158
19822754-0	2009	Highly error-free role of DNA polymerase eta in the replicative bypass of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in mouse and human cells.	pyrimidine	85-95	polymerase (DNA directed), eta (RAD 30 related)	Mus musculus	26-44
19757823-4	2009	These strategies enabled us to integrate pyridine and pyrimidine groups on 3 extending deep into the S3 region of the BACE1 binding pocket and enhancing the ligand"s potency.	pyrimidine	54-64	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
19645718-10	2009	UPP-1 functions as a key regulator of the pyrimidine salvage pathway in C. elegans, as mutation of upp-1 results in strong 5-FU resistance.	pyrimidine	42-52	Uridine and thymidine phosphorylase	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
19645718-10	2009	UPP-1 functions as a key regulator of the pyrimidine salvage pathway in C. elegans, as mutation of upp-1 results in strong 5-FU resistance.	pyrimidine	42-52	Uridine and thymidine phosphorylase	Caenorhabditis elegans	99-104
18932012-7	2009	Increased ubiquinol/ubiquinone ratio interferes the function of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the only mitochondrial enzyme involved in ubiquinone mediated de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	164-174	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	64-92
19292447-2	2009	Pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis is required in Plasmodium falciparum , and thus OPRT of the parasite (PfOPRT) is a target for antimalarial drugs.	pyrimidine	0-10	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	80-84
19574636-5	2009	The unexpected binding of a pyrimidine at the purine-binding subsite has added new important elements to the rational design approach for the discovery of new potent inhibitors of the RNase A superfamily.	pyrimidine	28-38	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	184-191
19380585-2	2009	Na(+)-coupled hCNT1 and hCNT2 transport pyrimidine and purine nucleosides, respectively, whereas hCNT3 mediates transport of both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides utilizing Na(+) and/or H(+) electrochemical gradients.	pyrimidine	40-50	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
19380585-2	2009	Na(+)-coupled hCNT1 and hCNT2 transport pyrimidine and purine nucleosides, respectively, whereas hCNT3 mediates transport of both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides utilizing Na(+) and/or H(+) electrochemical gradients.	pyrimidine	40-50	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
19380585-2	2009	Na(+)-coupled hCNT1 and hCNT2 transport pyrimidine and purine nucleosides, respectively, whereas hCNT3 mediates transport of both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides utilizing Na(+) and/or H(+) electrochemical gradients.	pyrimidine	130-140	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	97-102
19380587-1	2009	Human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (hCNT3) utilizes electrochemical gradients of both Na(+) and H(+) to accumulate pyrimidine and purine nucleosides within cells.	pyrimidine	125-135	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	46-51
19297501-4	2009	A pyrimidine at nucleotide 200 in the untranslated leader region contributed to resistance by increasing virus particle production, which resulted in fewer APOBEC3G molecules per particle.	pyrimidine	2-12	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	156-164
19324873-6	2009	In this paper, we describe experiments in which a series of oligonucleotides containing purine and pyrimidine analogs have been used to probe mechanisms by which hSMUG1 distinguishes potential substrates.	pyrimidine	99-109	single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	162-168
19272774-0	2009	Identification of potent pyrimidine inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) and their ability to inhibit T cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	25-35	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	50-69
19272774-0	2009	Identification of potent pyrimidine inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) and their ability to inhibit T cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	25-35	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	71-75
19272774-1	2009	A series of pyrimidine based inhibitors of PDE7 are discussed.	pyrimidine	12-22	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	43-47
19007763-0	2009	Derivatives of pyrimidine, phthalimide and anthranilic acid as inhibitors of human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase AKR1C1.	pyrimidine	15-25	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Homo sapiens	112-118
19381049-2	2009	Because urinary uracil is a reflection of DPD activity, it is measured to predict and prevent the occurrence of side effects caused by pyrimidine-type chemotherapeutic agents.	pyrimidine	135-145	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	42-45
19621636-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine biosynthesis, and its inhibitors have been developed as drugs for treatment of immune diseases.	pyrimidine	84-94	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	11-39
19621636-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine biosynthesis, and its inhibitors have been developed as drugs for treatment of immune diseases.	pyrimidine	84-94	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	41-46
19007763-5	2009	Inhibitors of AKR1C1 are thus potential agents for treatment of endometrial cancer and endometriosis, as well as other diseases like premenstrual syndrome, catamenial epilepsy and depressive disorders.We have synthesized a series of pyrimidine, phthalimido and athranilic acid derivatives, and have here examined their inhibitory properties towards AKR1C1.	pyrimidine	233-243	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Homo sapiens	14-20
19291308-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Uridine phosphorylase (UPP) is a key enzyme of pyrimidine salvage pathways, catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of ribosides of uracil to nucleobases and ribose 1-phosphate.	pyrimidine	59-69	uridine phosphorylase 1	Homo sapiens	12-33
19291308-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Uridine phosphorylase (UPP) is a key enzyme of pyrimidine salvage pathways, catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of ribosides of uracil to nucleobases and ribose 1-phosphate.	pyrimidine	59-69	uridine phosphorylase 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
19293370-9	2009	Mutants expressing the Arabidopsis enzyme or the homolog from rice (Oryza sativa) exhibit resistance toward toxic fluorouridine, fluorouracil, and fluoroorotic acid, providing clear evidence for a pivotal function of URH1 as regulative in pyrimidine degradation.	pyrimidine	239-249	uridine-ribohydrolase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	217-221
19219989-5	2009	We found that AAG bound to a wide variety of purine and pyrimidine lesions but excised only a few of them.	pyrimidine	56-66	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	14-17
19187036-4	2009	Moreover, hRPA binds to a 26-mer purine-rich quadruplex-forming sequence with an affinity indistinguishable from that for binding to the complementary pyrimidine-rich sequence.	pyrimidine	151-161	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	10-14
19197159-7	2009	Binding of Cep164 to the region of exon 4 to intron 9 within p53 gene, known as a pyrimidine-rich region as well as a photoproduct formation region upon UV damage, increases 2.5-fold upon UV irradiation.	pyrimidine	82-92	centrosomal protein 164	Homo sapiens	11-17
19197159-7	2009	Binding of Cep164 to the region of exon 4 to intron 9 within p53 gene, known as a pyrimidine-rich region as well as a photoproduct formation region upon UV damage, increases 2.5-fold upon UV irradiation.	pyrimidine	82-92	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	61-64
19187036-6	2009	Thus, DNA secondary structures can significantly modulate the binding affinity of hRPA over and above its known preference for pyrimidine-rich single-stranded sequences, so that at least some intramolecular G-quadruplex structures may not inhibit hRPA binding during DNA replication.	pyrimidine	127-137	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	82-86
18612238-2	2008	The targeted pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway includes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which converts 5-FU to an inactive metabolite, and thymidylate synthase (TS), which is a major target of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	13-23	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	87-90
18620897-3	2009	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of pyrimidine bases and is also responsible for the degradation of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
19207032-2	2009	The main molecular target of leflunomide is dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	106-116	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	44-72
19207032-2	2009	The main molecular target of leflunomide is dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	106-116	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	74-79
19385226-3	2009	According to the results, two characteristic infrared vibrations at wave numbers 1,684 and 1,765 cm(-1) were found for single pyrimidine base C1, at 1,747 and 1,792 cm(-1) for T1, 1,763 and at 1,796 cm(-1) for U1.	pyrimidine	126-136	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	142-160
19385226-3	2009	According to the results, two characteristic infrared vibrations at wave numbers 1,684 and 1,765 cm(-1) were found for single pyrimidine base C1, at 1,747 and 1,792 cm(-1) for T1, 1,763 and at 1,796 cm(-1) for U1.	pyrimidine	126-136	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
19571472-3	2009	Enzyme deficiency involved in pyrimidine degradation, such as Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), has been reported with convulsion or autism as symptoms, but many asymptomatic cases are also reported.	pyrimidine	30-40	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	62-93
19571472-3	2009	Enzyme deficiency involved in pyrimidine degradation, such as Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), has been reported with convulsion or autism as symptoms, but many asymptomatic cases are also reported.	pyrimidine	30-40	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	95-98
19571472-3	2009	Enzyme deficiency involved in pyrimidine degradation, such as Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), has been reported with convulsion or autism as symptoms, but many asymptomatic cases are also reported.	pyrimidine	30-40	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	104-123
19571472-3	2009	Enzyme deficiency involved in pyrimidine degradation, such as Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), has been reported with convulsion or autism as symptoms, but many asymptomatic cases are also reported.	pyrimidine	30-40	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	125-128
19043415-1	2008	Muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins, regulators of developmentally programmed alternative splicing, harbor tandem CCCH zinc-finger (ZnF) domains that target pre-mRNAs containing YGCU(U/G)Y sequence elements (where Y is a pyrimidine).	pyrimidine	218-228	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	0-16
19043415-1	2008	Muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins, regulators of developmentally programmed alternative splicing, harbor tandem CCCH zinc-finger (ZnF) domains that target pre-mRNAs containing YGCU(U/G)Y sequence elements (where Y is a pyrimidine).	pyrimidine	218-228	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
18926711-3	2008	In this report, we describe SAR in this series of compounds and show that the 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoyl (piperonyloyl) group on the nitrogen of piperidine and lipophilic substitution at the C(6)-position of pyrimidine are important for this inhibitory activity.	pyrimidine	207-217	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	28-31
18612238-2	2008	The targeted pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway includes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which converts 5-FU to an inactive metabolite, and thymidylate synthase (TS), which is a major target of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	13-23	Thymidylate synthase	Caenorhabditis elegans	144-164
18612238-2	2008	The targeted pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway includes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which converts 5-FU to an inactive metabolite, and thymidylate synthase (TS), which is a major target of 5-FU.	pyrimidine	13-23	Thymidylate synthase	Caenorhabditis elegans	166-168
18946034-1	2008	Human DNA polymerase eta (pol eta) can replicate across UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, and defects in the gene encoding pol eta result in a syndrome called xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V).	pyrimidine	67-77	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	6-24
18946034-1	2008	Human DNA polymerase eta (pol eta) can replicate across UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, and defects in the gene encoding pol eta result in a syndrome called xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V).	pyrimidine	67-77	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	186-190
18785725-0	2008	Blocking estrogen signaling after the hormone: pyrimidine-core inhibitors of estrogen receptor-coactivator binding.	pyrimidine	47-57	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	77-94
18785725-3	2008	We have synthesized a pyrimidine-core library of moderate size, members of which act as alpha-helix mimics to block the ERalpha/coactivator interaction.	pyrimidine	22-32	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	120-127
18937829-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the key enzyme of pyrimidine catabolism, is thought to be an important determinant for the occurrence of severe toxic reactions to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is one of the most commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of solid cancers.	pyrimidine	35-45	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
18600544-5	2008	Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that the R235Q mutation might interfere with the binding of FAD and the electron flow between the NADPH and the pyrimidine substrate site of DPD.	pyrimidine	167-177	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	196-199
18459168-1	2008	Human mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2) is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside kinase (dNK) that catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides to their corresponding deoxynucleoside 5"-monophosphates by gamma-phosphoryl transfer from ATP.	pyrimidine	48-58	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	38-41
18459168-1	2008	Human mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2) is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside kinase (dNK) that catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides to their corresponding deoxynucleoside 5"-monophosphates by gamma-phosphoryl transfer from ATP.	pyrimidine	48-58	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	59-81
18459168-1	2008	Human mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2) is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside kinase (dNK) that catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides to their corresponding deoxynucleoside 5"-monophosphates by gamma-phosphoryl transfer from ATP.	pyrimidine	48-58	deoxyribonucleoside kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	83-86
18687895-3	2008	PCBP2 is known to bind pyrimidine-rich repeats within the 3" UTR of mRNAs and has been implicated in control of RNA stability and translation and selective cap-independent transcription.	pyrimidine	23-33	poly(rC) binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
18756326-7	2008	One candidate for this trans-factor is the splicing regulator TIA-1, which binds to the pyrimidine-rich enhancer in the primary transcript from the minigene construct and increases the +/-KTS splicing ratio.	pyrimidine	88-98	TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	62-67
18597482-4	2008	However, in the complex of the Asp90 --&gt; Asn mutant dUTPase with the true substrate dUTP.Mg, the serine beta-OH points in the opposite direction and may form a hydrogen bond to Asn84 at the bottom of the pyrimidine pocket.	pyrimidine	207-217	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	55-62
18443433-2	2008	Thymidylate synthase is a target of 5-fluoruracil, a pyrimidine analog used to treat gastrointestinal and other cancers.	pyrimidine	53-63	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-20
18446447-4	2008	Pyrimidine analogs (NRTIs) inhibit Pol gamma and mtDNA replication.	pyrimidine	0-10	polymerase (DNA directed), gamma	Mus musculus	35-44
17983688-0	2008	Inhibition of PDGFR tyrosine kinase activity by a series of novel N-(3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylamino)phenyl)amides: a SAR study on the bioisosterism of pyrimidine and imidazole.	pyrimidine	162-172	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	14-19
18621735-1	2008	In humans, the SLC28 concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) protein family is represented by three Na+-coupled members; human CNT1 (hCNT1) and hCNT2 are pyrimidine and purine nucleoside-selective, respectively, whereas hCNT3 transports both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleoside drugs.	pyrimidine	157-167	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
18621735-1	2008	In humans, the SLC28 concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) protein family is represented by three Na+-coupled members; human CNT1 (hCNT1) and hCNT2 are pyrimidine and purine nucleoside-selective, respectively, whereas hCNT3 transports both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleoside drugs.	pyrimidine	157-167	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	136-141
18621735-1	2008	In humans, the SLC28 concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) protein family is represented by three Na+-coupled members; human CNT1 (hCNT1) and hCNT2 are pyrimidine and purine nucleoside-selective, respectively, whereas hCNT3 transports both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleoside drugs.	pyrimidine	157-167	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	147-152
18621735-1	2008	In humans, the SLC28 concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) protein family is represented by three Na+-coupled members; human CNT1 (hCNT1) and hCNT2 are pyrimidine and purine nucleoside-selective, respectively, whereas hCNT3 transports both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleoside drugs.	pyrimidine	157-167	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	223-228
17896178-1	2008	Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT) is key to intersection of folate-metabolic pathway, participating in the pyrimidine synthesis for DNA repair.	pyrimidine	123-133	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-41
17896178-1	2008	Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT) is key to intersection of folate-metabolic pathway, participating in the pyrimidine synthesis for DNA repair.	pyrimidine	123-133	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
18628958-3	2008	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we report that the majority of genes in human purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway were induced and directly bound by c-Myc in the P493-6 human Burkitt"s lymphoma model cell line.	pyrimidine	95-105	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	162-167
18668436-2	2008	hCNT1 and hCNT2 translocate pyrimidine- and purine-nucleosides, respectively, by a sodium-dependent mechanism, whereas hCNT3 shows broad substrate selectivity and the unique ability of translocating nucleosides both in a sodium- and a proton-coupled manner.	pyrimidine	28-38	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
18668436-2	2008	hCNT1 and hCNT2 translocate pyrimidine- and purine-nucleosides, respectively, by a sodium-dependent mechanism, whereas hCNT3 shows broad substrate selectivity and the unique ability of translocating nucleosides both in a sodium- and a proton-coupled manner.	pyrimidine	28-38	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
18668436-2	2008	hCNT1 and hCNT2 translocate pyrimidine- and purine-nucleosides, respectively, by a sodium-dependent mechanism, whereas hCNT3 shows broad substrate selectivity and the unique ability of translocating nucleosides both in a sodium- and a proton-coupled manner.	pyrimidine	28-38	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	119-124
18342372-4	2008	Alternate purine-pyrimidine bases, potential sequences adopting Z-DNA, are present in the promoter regions of AD specific genes like amyloid precursor protein (APP), Presenilin and ApoE.	pyrimidine	17-27	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	133-158
18342372-4	2008	Alternate purine-pyrimidine bases, potential sequences adopting Z-DNA, are present in the promoter regions of AD specific genes like amyloid precursor protein (APP), Presenilin and ApoE.	pyrimidine	17-27	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	181-185
18096419-5	2008	We suggest that the small hydrophobic substituents at C-6 position of pyrrolopyrazole nucleus (in compounds 1-8); C-6 and C-7 positions of the quinazoline moiety (in compounds 9-23); C-2 position of the quinazoline and C-4 position of the pyrimidine (in compound 25) could be more effective and selective through increased hydrophobic contacts and selectivity pocket interactions with these modifications of Aurora A kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	239-249	complement C6	Homo sapiens	54-57
18096419-5	2008	We suggest that the small hydrophobic substituents at C-6 position of pyrrolopyrazole nucleus (in compounds 1-8); C-6 and C-7 positions of the quinazoline moiety (in compounds 9-23); C-2 position of the quinazoline and C-4 position of the pyrimidine (in compound 25) could be more effective and selective through increased hydrophobic contacts and selectivity pocket interactions with these modifications of Aurora A kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	239-249	complement C6	Homo sapiens	114-117
18096419-5	2008	We suggest that the small hydrophobic substituents at C-6 position of pyrrolopyrazole nucleus (in compounds 1-8); C-6 and C-7 positions of the quinazoline moiety (in compounds 9-23); C-2 position of the quinazoline and C-4 position of the pyrimidine (in compound 25) could be more effective and selective through increased hydrophobic contacts and selectivity pocket interactions with these modifications of Aurora A kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	239-249	complement C7	Homo sapiens	122-125
18096419-5	2008	We suggest that the small hydrophobic substituents at C-6 position of pyrrolopyrazole nucleus (in compounds 1-8); C-6 and C-7 positions of the quinazoline moiety (in compounds 9-23); C-2 position of the quinazoline and C-4 position of the pyrimidine (in compound 25) could be more effective and selective through increased hydrophobic contacts and selectivity pocket interactions with these modifications of Aurora A kinase inhibitors.	pyrimidine	239-249	complement C2	Homo sapiens	183-186
18600544-5	2008	Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that the R235Q mutation might interfere with the binding of FAD and the electron flow between the NADPH and the pyrimidine substrate site of DPD.	pyrimidine	167-177	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	41-44
18600547-1	2008	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) deficiency is an inborn error of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, affecting the hydrolytic ring opening of the dihydropyrimidines.	pyrimidine	63-73	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	0-19
18600547-1	2008	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) deficiency is an inborn error of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, affecting the hydrolytic ring opening of the dihydropyrimidines.	pyrimidine	63-73	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
18424155-1	2008	A series of the novel C-5 alkynyl pyrimidine nucleoside analogues (1-14) in which the sugar moiety was replaced by the conformationally restricted Z- and E-2-butenyl spacer between the phthalimido and pyrimidine ring were synthesized by using Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction.	pyrimidine	34-44	complement C5	Homo sapiens	22-25
18500978-2	2008	The biological function of ERH protein has not been fully elucidated, however functions in cell cycle progression, pyrimidine metabolism a possible interaction with p21(Cip1/Waf1) via the Ciz1 zinc finger protein have been suggested.	pyrimidine	115-125	ERH mRNA splicing and mitosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-30
18336837-1	2008	Beta-alanine synthase (betaAS) is the third enzyme in the reductive pyrimidine catabolic pathway, which is responsible for the breakdown of the nucleotide bases uracil and thymine in higher organisms.	pyrimidine	68-78	pyd3	Drosophila melanogaster	0-21
18413388-0	2008	A new acycloguanosine-specific supermutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase suitable for PET imaging and suicide gene therapy for potential use in patients treated with pyrimidine-based cytotoxic drugs.	pyrimidine	184-194	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	104-107
18413388-4	2008	With the use of an acycloguanosine-specific mutant of the enzyme, PET of HSV1-tk reporter gene expression can be successfully performed with acycloguanosine-based radiotracers without interference from pyrimidine-based antiviral drugs.	pyrimidine	202-212	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	66-69
18413388-12	2008	The resulting supermutant can be used for PET with (18)F-FHBG and suicidal gene therapy protocols with GCV in patients treated with pyrimidine-based cytotoxic drugs.	pyrimidine	132-142	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	42-45
18410127-4	2008	Biochemical studies demonstrate that RPA efficiently melts an intermolecular DNA triple helix consisting of a pyrimidine motif third strand annealed to a 4 kb duplex DNA fragment at protein concentrations equimolar to the triplex substrate.	pyrimidine	110-120	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	37-40
18332905-5	2008	AtTHIC is similar to Escherichia coli ThiC, which is involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis in prokaryotes.	pyrimidine	65-75	thiaminC	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
18332905-5	2008	AtTHIC is similar to Escherichia coli ThiC, which is involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis in prokaryotes.	pyrimidine	65-75	thiaminC	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-42
18332905-11	2008	In conclusion, AtTHIC is a gene involved in pyrimidine synthesis in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway of Arabidopsis, and our results provide some new clues for elucidating the pathway of thiamine biosynthesis in plants.	pyrimidine	44-54	thiaminC	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-21
18336837-1	2008	Beta-alanine synthase (betaAS) is the third enzyme in the reductive pyrimidine catabolic pathway, which is responsible for the breakdown of the nucleotide bases uracil and thymine in higher organisms.	pyrimidine	68-78	pyd3	Drosophila melanogaster	23-29
18177230-6	2008	Thus, the results show that the 5-keto group in the pyrimidine ring structure of the triketone alloxan is crucially important for its ability to be selectively taken up into the beta cells via the specific glucose transporter GLUT2.	pyrimidine	52-62	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	226-231
18321387-7	2008	Cells infected with the dUTPase mutant would be predicted to affect pyrimidine deoxynucleotide pools and might be expected to exhibit altered susceptibility to pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	68-78	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	24-31
18199742-2	2008	Belonging to a CNT subfamily phylogenetically distinct from hCNT1/2, hCNT3 mediates transport of a broad range of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleoside drugs, whereas hCNT1 and hCNT2 are pyrimidine and purine nucleoside-selective, respectively.	pyrimidine	125-135	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	69-74
18312275-2	2008	Hence, we evaluated the essentiality of one enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) from the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma brucei through gene knockdown studies.	pyrimidine	58-68	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	121-126
18312275-3	2008	RNAi knockdown of DHODH expression in bloodstream form T. brucei did not inhibit growth in normal medium, but profoundly retarded growth in pyrimidine-depleted media or in the presence of the known pyrimidine uptake antagonist 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	140-150	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	18-23
18312275-3	2008	RNAi knockdown of DHODH expression in bloodstream form T. brucei did not inhibit growth in normal medium, but profoundly retarded growth in pyrimidine-depleted media or in the presence of the known pyrimidine uptake antagonist 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	198-208	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	18-23
18321387-9	2008	The dUTPase knockout remained fully susceptible to cidofovir and idoxuridine, but was hypersensitive to the drug (N)-methanocarbathymidine, suggesting that pyrimidine metabolism was altered in cells infected with the mutant virus.	pyrimidine	156-166	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	4-11
18259618-4	2008	The addition of one hydroxide to one of the 4-positions of bis-chelating bpym interrupts the aromatic pi conjugation and is accompanied by corresponding intra-pyrimidine bond length variations, however, the effect on the electronic interaction of the two different syn positioned {RuNO}6 moieties remains small, possibly due to their situation within the central molecular pi plane.	pyrimidine	159-169	synemin	Homo sapiens	265-268
18028398-6	2008	It appeared that Thi20p has an affinity for the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin, and HMP produced by the thiaminase II activity is immediately phosphorylated.	pyrimidine	48-58	trifunctional hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase/phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase/thiaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-23
18266447-7	2008	P(E,E(")) is fitted to a single exponential and a biexponential function to determine the average energy transferred in a single collision between pyrimidine and CO(2) and parameters that can be compared to previously studied systems using this technique, pyrazineCO(2), C(6)F(6)CO(2), and methylpyrazineCO(2).	pyrimidine	147-157	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	0-8
17975705-4	2008	The structures of all RRMs of PTB in their free state and in complex with short pyrimidine tracts, as well as a structural model of PTB RRM2 in complex with a peptide, revealed unusual structural features that provided new insights into the mechanisms of action of PTB in the different processes of RNA metabolism and in particular splicing regulation.	pyrimidine	80-90	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
18053734-2	2008	In Arabidopsis, ATCase is encoded by a single PYRB gene, whose expression was regulated by tissue pyrimidine availability.	pyrimidine	98-108	PYRIMIDINE B	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-50
18245373-7	2008	Interestingly, we further revealed a conserved pyrimidine (Py)-rich sequence of approximately 10 bp in the promoter by medaka-pufferfish comparative genomics and verified that it plays an indispensable role for expression of slc45a2 in the skin.	pyrimidine	47-57	membrane-associated transporter protein	Oryzias latipes	225-232
18245373-7	2008	Interestingly, we further revealed a conserved pyrimidine (Py)-rich sequence of approximately 10 bp in the promoter by medaka-pufferfish comparative genomics and verified that it plays an indispensable role for expression of slc45a2 in the skin.	pyrimidine	59-61	membrane-associated transporter protein	Oryzias latipes	225-232
18202788-5	2008	Among the 12 tumor suppressor genes which were methylated in &gt;25% of cancer cell lines, the methylation status of TIMP3, APC and IGSF4 significantly correlated with sensitivity to pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors.	pyrimidine	183-193	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	117-122
18202788-5	2008	Among the 12 tumor suppressor genes which were methylated in &gt;25% of cancer cell lines, the methylation status of TIMP3, APC and IGSF4 significantly correlated with sensitivity to pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors.	pyrimidine	183-193	cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
18053734-3	2008	RT-PCR and PYRB:GUS expression profiles showed markedly increased expression of PYRB in root tissues during the first 5days after germination, as seed pyrimidine reserves were exhausted and de novo synthesis was required to support new growth.	pyrimidine	151-161	PYRIMIDINE B	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-84
17910097-3	2007	Following pyrimidine limitation of the succinate-grown decarboxylase mutant strain cells, aspartate transcarbamoylase and dihydroorotase activities were found to increase by about 3-fold while dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activities were also observed to increase relative to their activities in the mutant strain cells grown on excess uracil.	pyrimidine	10-20	DUF4870 domain-containing protein	Pseudomonas oryzihabitans	226-259
17999954-8	2008	It also phosphorylated the monophosphate forms of the nucleoside analogs ddC, dFdC, araC, BVDU, and FdUrd, which suggests that UMP-CMPK2 may be involved in mtDNA depletion caused by long term treatment with ddC or other pyrimidine analogs.	pyrimidine	220-230	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	127-136
18079699-4	2008	A long region of downstream intron is excised, juxtaposing E1B with E2"/2 to generate a new composite acceptor containing the E1B branchpoint/pyrimidine tract and E2 distal 3" AG-dinucleotide.	pyrimidine	142-152	small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A	Homo sapiens	59-62
17899088-9	2007	These results demonstrate that Ham1 protein detoxifies abnormal pyrimidine as well as purine nucleotides.	pyrimidine	64-74	nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase HAM1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
17874115-1	2008	RAD30-encoded DNA polymerase eta functions as a translesion polymerase that can bypass the most frequent types of UV-induced pyrimidine photoproducts in an error-free manner.	pyrimidine	125-135	DNA-directed DNA polymerase eta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
18240390-1	2008	The CXCR2 SAR of a series of bicyclic antagonists such as the 2-aminothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine 3b was investigated by systematic variation of the fused pyrimidine-based heterocyclic cores.	pyrimidine	84-94	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
18240390-1	2008	The CXCR2 SAR of a series of bicyclic antagonists such as the 2-aminothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine 3b was investigated by systematic variation of the fused pyrimidine-based heterocyclic cores.	pyrimidine	84-94	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	10-13
18179707-4	2008	RESULTS: We show that NR2E3 subclass member FAX-1, unlike NHR-67 and other NR2E1 subclass members, binds to hexamer half-sites with relaxed specificity: it will bind hexamers with the sequence ANGTCA, although it prefers a purine to a pyrimidine at the second position.	pyrimidine	235-245	Hormone receptor 51	Drosophila melanogaster	22-27
18179707-4	2008	RESULTS: We show that NR2E3 subclass member FAX-1, unlike NHR-67 and other NR2E1 subclass members, binds to hexamer half-sites with relaxed specificity: it will bind hexamers with the sequence ANGTCA, although it prefers a purine to a pyrimidine at the second position.	pyrimidine	235-245	Nuclear hormone receptor family member fax-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	44-49
19419926-5	2008	Pemetrexed is a novel multitargeted antifolate that inhibits at least 3 of the enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis: thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	pyrimidine	110-120	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	132-152
19419926-5	2008	Pemetrexed is a novel multitargeted antifolate that inhibits at least 3 of the enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis: thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	pyrimidine	110-120	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	154-156
19419926-5	2008	Pemetrexed is a novel multitargeted antifolate that inhibits at least 3 of the enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis: thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	pyrimidine	110-120	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	159-182
18048325-5	2007	In particular, it has never been verified whether the pyrimidine heterocycle is derived from purine biosynthesis through the action of the THIC protein as in bacteria, rather than vitamin B6 and histidine as demonstrated for fungi.	pyrimidine	54-64	thiaminC	Arabidopsis thaliana	139-143
17942744-5	2007	Only 6 base pairs are necessary for MBNL binding: two pyrimidine mismatches and four guanosine-cytosine base pairs in a stem.	pyrimidine	54-64	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
17942744-6	2007	MBNL also has a preference for pyrimidine mismatches, but many other mismatches are tolerated with decreased affinity.	pyrimidine	31-41	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
17942744-10	2007	These results suggest that MBNL may bind all of its RNA substrates, both normal and pathogenic, as structured stem-loops containing pyrimidine mismatches.	pyrimidine	132-142	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
17617217-1	2007	In all organisms the fourth catalytic step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis is driven by the flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, EC 1.3.99.11).	pyrimidine	50-60	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-131
17685602-4	2007	Elaborations involving substitutions of the 2 and 4 positions of the pyrimidine or pyridine ring and the 6 and 7 positions of the central pyrazine ring resulted in in vivo activity profiles which identified potent inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced vascular leakage.	pyrimidine	69-79	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	228-262
17617217-1	2007	In all organisms the fourth catalytic step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis is driven by the flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, EC 1.3.99.11).	pyrimidine	50-60	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	133-138
17388492-3	2007	The comparison of lowest ring out-of-plane vibrations calculated by using MP2/cc-pvdz and BLYP/PW methods reveals that the DFT method with the plane wave basis set reasonably reproduces out-of-plane deformability of the pyrimidine ring in nucleic acid bases and could be used for reliable modeling of conformational flexibility of nucleobases.	pyrimidine	220-230	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
17611699-3	2007	The gene expressions of the pyrimidine metabolism enzymes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and thymidylate synthase (TS) have previously been shown to be response determinants of fluoropyrimidine-based drugs in various tumors.	pyrimidine	28-38	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	91-94
17611699-3	2007	The gene expressions of the pyrimidine metabolism enzymes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and thymidylate synthase (TS) have previously been shown to be response determinants of fluoropyrimidine-based drugs in various tumors.	pyrimidine	28-38	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	130-150
17707801-1	2007	INTRODUCTION: The activity of the pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is tightly cell cycle regulated and has been investigated as a prognostic indicator of cancer in a variety of tissues.	pyrimidine	34-44	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-86
17707801-1	2007	INTRODUCTION: The activity of the pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is tightly cell cycle regulated and has been investigated as a prognostic indicator of cancer in a variety of tissues.	pyrimidine	34-44	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
17543337-2	2007	We have constructed libraries of hybrid enzymes by non-homologous recombination of the pyrimidine-specific human thymidine kinase 2 and the broad-specificity dNK from Drosophila melanogaster; their low sequence identity has precluded engineering by conventional, homology-dependent shuffling techniques.	pyrimidine	87-97	thymidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	113-131
17530808-3	2007	Derivatization of the active chlorine and functionalization of C-4 position of the pyrimidine ring allow the introduction of other diversity points.	pyrimidine	83-93	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
17374725-0	2007	Missense mutation of the COQ2 gene causes defects of bioenergetics and de novo pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	79-89	coenzyme Q2, polyprenyltransferase	Homo sapiens	25-29
17383969-9	2007	alphaCP-1 is a K-homology domain-containing RNA-binding protein with specificity for C-rich pyrimidine tracts.	pyrimidine	92-102	poly(rC) binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
17460185-13	2007	Therefore, the downstream phenomena to mtDNA defects are likely ineffective pyrimidine synthesis (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, DHODH, needs a functional respiratory chain) and excess NADH (decreased NAD pool) in addition to free radicals.	pyrimidine	76-86	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	128-133
17234634-6	2007	RCL opens a new route in the nucleotide catabolic pathways by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond of deoxynucleoside 5"-monophosphates to yield two reaction products, deoxyribose 5-phosphate and purine or pyrimidine base.	pyrimidine	200-210	2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17239394-0	2007	Solving the structure of PTB in complex with pyrimidine tracts: an NMR study of protein-RNA complexes of weak affinities.	pyrimidine	45-55	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
17239394-6	2007	Here, we describe the strategy we used to overcome these exchange processes and to reduce significantly the line width of the RNA resonances in complexes of the RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) of the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) in complex with pyrimidine tracts and hence allowed a highly precise structure determination.	pyrimidine	202-212	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	236-239
17239394-8	2007	Furthermore, we have determined the affinities of the individual RRMs of PTB for pyrimidine tracts of different length and sequence.	pyrimidine	81-91	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
17239394-9	2007	These measurements show that PTB binds preferentially to long pyrimidine tracts that contain cytosine and hence confirm the structure of PTB in complex with RNA.	pyrimidine	62-72	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
17239394-10	2007	Furthermore, they provide quantitative insight into the question of which pyrimidine sequences within alternatively spliced pre-mRNAs will be preferentially bound by PTB.	pyrimidine	74-84	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	166-169
17266931-2	2007	TK2 is strictly pyrimidine-specific, whereas its phylogenetic relative, the Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase (DmdNK), shows higher activity and broader specificity towards both pyrimidines and purines.	pyrimidine	16-26	breathless	Drosophila melanogaster	0-3
17266931-2	2007	TK2 is strictly pyrimidine-specific, whereas its phylogenetic relative, the Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase (DmdNK), shows higher activity and broader specificity towards both pyrimidines and purines.	pyrimidine	16-26	deoxyribonucleoside kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	128-133
17275313-1	2007	Schiff bases prepared by the reactions of substituted amines with indole-/, pyrimidine-/, pyridine-/, and quinoline-aldehydes are made to undergo indium mediated allylation whereby a (substituted amine, allyl)methyl group has been introduced at C-3 of indole, C-5 of pyrimidine, and C-2 of pyridine and quinoline.	pyrimidine	76-86	complement C3	Homo sapiens	245-248
17275313-1	2007	Schiff bases prepared by the reactions of substituted amines with indole-/, pyrimidine-/, pyridine-/, and quinoline-aldehydes are made to undergo indium mediated allylation whereby a (substituted amine, allyl)methyl group has been introduced at C-3 of indole, C-5 of pyrimidine, and C-2 of pyridine and quinoline.	pyrimidine	76-86	complement C5	Homo sapiens	260-263
17275313-1	2007	Schiff bases prepared by the reactions of substituted amines with indole-/, pyrimidine-/, pyridine-/, and quinoline-aldehydes are made to undergo indium mediated allylation whereby a (substituted amine, allyl)methyl group has been introduced at C-3 of indole, C-5 of pyrimidine, and C-2 of pyridine and quinoline.	pyrimidine	76-86	complement C2	Homo sapiens	283-286
17275313-1	2007	Schiff bases prepared by the reactions of substituted amines with indole-/, pyrimidine-/, pyridine-/, and quinoline-aldehydes are made to undergo indium mediated allylation whereby a (substituted amine, allyl)methyl group has been introduced at C-3 of indole, C-5 of pyrimidine, and C-2 of pyridine and quinoline.	pyrimidine	267-277	complement C3	Homo sapiens	245-248
17275313-1	2007	Schiff bases prepared by the reactions of substituted amines with indole-/, pyrimidine-/, pyridine-/, and quinoline-aldehydes are made to undergo indium mediated allylation whereby a (substituted amine, allyl)methyl group has been introduced at C-3 of indole, C-5 of pyrimidine, and C-2 of pyridine and quinoline.	pyrimidine	267-277	complement C5	Homo sapiens	260-263
17275313-1	2007	Schiff bases prepared by the reactions of substituted amines with indole-/, pyrimidine-/, pyridine-/, and quinoline-aldehydes are made to undergo indium mediated allylation whereby a (substituted amine, allyl)methyl group has been introduced at C-3 of indole, C-5 of pyrimidine, and C-2 of pyridine and quinoline.	pyrimidine	267-277	complement C2	Homo sapiens	283-286
17275313-3	2007	The structure-activity relationship studies point that the contribution of phenylglycinol moiety as a part of side chain at C-3 of indole and C-5 of pyrimidine seems to be crucial for exhibiting anti-cancer activities.	pyrimidine	149-159	complement C3	Homo sapiens	124-127
17275313-3	2007	The structure-activity relationship studies point that the contribution of phenylglycinol moiety as a part of side chain at C-3 of indole and C-5 of pyrimidine seems to be crucial for exhibiting anti-cancer activities.	pyrimidine	149-159	complement C5	Homo sapiens	142-145
17275316-0	2007	The effect of 5-substitution in the pyrimidine ring of dUMP on the interaction with thymidylate synthase: molecular modeling and QSAR.	pyrimidine	36-46	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	84-104
17368551-1	2007	dUTPase plays an essential role in pyrimidine metabolism in many organisms.	pyrimidine	35-45	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-7
17465208-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Pemetrexed (Alimta) is a new-generation multitargeted antifolate that inhibits several key enzymes in the de novo pathways of pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	pyrimidine	138-148	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	184-204
17270016-1	2007	Nuclear factor-kappaBeta (NF-kappaB) binds specifically to NF-kappaB-binding sites (kappaB sites, 5"-GGGRNNYYCC-3"; R, purine; Y, pyrimidine; N, any nucleotide) present in enhancer regions of various genes.	pyrimidine	130-140	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-24
17270016-1	2007	Nuclear factor-kappaBeta (NF-kappaB) binds specifically to NF-kappaB-binding sites (kappaB sites, 5"-GGGRNNYYCC-3"; R, purine; Y, pyrimidine; N, any nucleotide) present in enhancer regions of various genes.	pyrimidine	130-140	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	26-35
17270016-1	2007	Nuclear factor-kappaBeta (NF-kappaB) binds specifically to NF-kappaB-binding sites (kappaB sites, 5"-GGGRNNYYCC-3"; R, purine; Y, pyrimidine; N, any nucleotide) present in enhancer regions of various genes.	pyrimidine	130-140	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	59-68
17330044-5	2007	Here we show that erythrocytic stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum seem to maintain an active mitochondrial electron transport chain to serve just one metabolic function: regeneration of ubiquinone required as the electron acceptor for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an essential enzyme for pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	313-323	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	259-287
17256925-1	2007	Starting from the purine lead structure 1, a new series of cathepsin K inhibitors based on a pyrimidine scaffold have been explored.	pyrimidine	93-103	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	59-70
17384901-1	2007	Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of uracil and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-R-diphosphate to uridine monophosphate, is important in the pyrimidine salvage pathway and is an attractive target for rational drug design by incorporation of prodrugs that are lethal to many parasitic organisms specifically.	pyrimidine	158-168	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-32
17384901-11	2007	This means that human UPRTase may have enzymatic activity with another, unknown, factor or have other activity in pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	114-124	uracil phosphoribosyltransferase homolog	Homo sapiens	22-29
17702765-4	2007	Mapping of a MBNL1-binding site upstream of the Tnnt3 fetal exon indicates that a preferred binding site for this protein is a GC-rich RNA hairpin containing a pyrimidine mismatch.	pyrimidine	160-170	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
17702765-4	2007	Mapping of a MBNL1-binding site upstream of the Tnnt3 fetal exon indicates that a preferred binding site for this protein is a GC-rich RNA hairpin containing a pyrimidine mismatch.	pyrimidine	160-170	troponin T3, fast skeletal type	Homo sapiens	48-53
18058532-1	2007	The thermal stability of human cytidine deaminase (CDA), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine metabolism was investigated.	pyrimidine	79-89	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	31-49
18058532-1	2007	The thermal stability of human cytidine deaminase (CDA), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine metabolism was investigated.	pyrimidine	79-89	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	51-54
17539622-0	2007	Novel C-6 fluorinated acyclic side chain pyrimidine derivatives: synthesis, (1)H and (13)C NMR conformational studies, and antiviral and cytostatic evaluations.	pyrimidine	41-51	complement C6	Homo sapiens	6-9
17539622-7	2007	From C-6 fluorophenylalkylated pyrimidine derivatives, 17a and 21 showed a slight activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), VZV, and Coxsackie B4 virus, respectively.	pyrimidine	31-41	complement C6	Homo sapiens	5-8
17630841-0	2007	Adenine synthesis in interstellar space: mechanisms of prebiotic pyrimidine-ring formation of monocyclic HCN-pentamers.	pyrimidine	65-75	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
17630841-4	2007	In this context, we have been studying the mechanism for prebiotic pyrimidine-ring formation of monocyclic HCN-pentamers with ab initio electronic structure theory.	pyrimidine	67-77	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
17612625-1	2007	Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) catalyzes the cleavage of P-O5" bonds in RNA on the 3" side of pyrimidine to form cyclic 2",5"-phosphates.	pyrimidine	106-116	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	18-32
17612625-1	2007	Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) catalyzes the cleavage of P-O5" bonds in RNA on the 3" side of pyrimidine to form cyclic 2",5"-phosphates.	pyrimidine	106-116	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	34-41
17513443-6	2007	Increased orotic acid excretion can also arise as a result of impairments of pyrimidine synthesis, whether brought about by a genetic defect (e.g., in UMP synthase) or by drugs that inhibit the terminal part of the pathway (e.g., allopurinol or 6-azauridine).	pyrimidine	77-87	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	151-163
17383919-1	2007	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and it catalyses the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine to N-carbamyl-beta-alanine and N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid, respectively.	pyrimidine	54-64	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	0-19
17383919-1	2007	Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) is the second enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and it catalyses the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine to N-carbamyl-beta-alanine and N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid, respectively.	pyrimidine	54-64	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
17432829-7	2007	The results of our investigations provide structural explanations for the ability of hNeil1 to excise a variety of oxidative lesions: they possess common chemical features, namely, a pyrimidine-like ring and shared hydrogen bond donor-acceptor properties, which allow the lesions to fit well in the binding pocket, which is somewhat flexible.	pyrimidine	183-193	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
17369345-1	2007	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH; EC 1.3.99.11) is a central enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis and catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate.	pyrimidine	74-84	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	30-35
17473446-5	2007	The mENT2-mediated uptake of adenosine was significantly inhibited by nucleosides and nucleobases, irrespective of purine and pyrimidine.	pyrimidine	126-136	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	4-9
17485345-1	2007	The multifunctional protein CAD initiates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells.	pyrimidine	50-60	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase	Homo sapiens	4-31
17485345-10	2007	Thus, the extent of Thr456 phosphorylation and the activation of pyrimidine biosynthesis depend on the synergistic and antagonistic interactions of three signaling pathways, MAP kinase, PKC and PKA.	pyrimidine	65-75	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	186-189
17187656-5	2007	Transcription of pyrF was greatly reduced in T. denticola grown in excess uracil, demonstrating that de novo pyrimidine synthesis is regulated and suggesting a feedback mechanism.	pyrimidine	109-119	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Treponema denticola ATCC 35405	17-21
17300165-1	2007	In this study we developed a refined pharmacophore model for antagonists of the human adenosine A1 receptor, based on features of known pyrimidine and purine derivatives.	pyrimidine	136-146	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	86-107
17268597-5	2007	Mn(dca)(2)(pym)(H(2)O), , which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, has a unique interdigitated 2D network that consists of double-bridged [Mn(2)(dca)(2)(pym)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+)"dimers" that are connected via single-bridging dca ligands.	pyrimidine	11-14	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	75-82
16556484-6	2007	DPYD encodes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in a three-step metabolic pathway involved in degradation of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine.	pyrimidine	20-30	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-4
16556484-6	2007	DPYD encodes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in a three-step metabolic pathway involved in degradation of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine.	pyrimidine	20-30	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	46-49
17626050-7	2007	The most prominent downstream motifs were binding sites for Fox1- and CELF-related splicing factors, and a branchpoint-like element acuaac; pyrimidine-rich elements resembling PTB-binding sites were most significant in upstream introns.	pyrimidine	140-150	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
18066781-3	2007	We have demonstrated here that cap-1 (m(7)GpppGm) is a preferred substrate among several investigated dinucleotide cap analogues m(7)Gp(n)N (n = 3-5, N is a purine or pyrimidine base) and m(7)GMP is always one of the reaction product.	pyrimidine	167-177	cyclase associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
16997556-0	2006	The development of 2-benzimidazole substituted pyrimidine based inhibitors of lymphocyte specific kinase (Lck).	pyrimidine	47-57	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	78-104
16949293-3	2006	The structure-activity relationship studies indicate that the presence of piperidine/pyrrolidine at the end of C-6 chain, benzoyl group at C-5, and benzyl groups at N-1, N-3 of the pyrimidine ring increases the anti-cancer activities of these molecules.	pyrimidine	181-191	complement C6	Homo sapiens	111-114
16997556-0	2006	The development of 2-benzimidazole substituted pyrimidine based inhibitors of lymphocyte specific kinase (Lck).	pyrimidine	47-57	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	106-109
16934457-0	2006	Development of pyrimidine-based inhibitors of Janus tyrosine kinase 3.	pyrimidine	15-25	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	46-69
16982681-3	2006	We identified the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) as a component of complexes isolated from myoblasts that assemble onto the branch point region and the pyrimidine tract.	pyrimidine	22-32	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
16831866-5	2006	Using ribonucleotide discrimination to report on the positioning of a mispaired dNTP, we found that the pyrimidine of a Pu-dPyTP nascent mispair occupies a similar position to that of a correctly paired dNTP in the Dbh active site, whereas in Klenow fragment the mispaired dNTP sits higher in the active site pocket.	pyrimidine	104-114	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	215-218
17059404-8	2006	The rsw10 phenotype is prominent near the root tip where cells undergo division, endoreduplication and cell expansion and so are susceptible to a restriction in de novo pyrimidine production.	pyrimidine	169-179	Ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, type A protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-9
16914729-2	2006	The crystal structures of Pol iota with template A and incoming dTTP and with template G and incoming dCTP have revealed that in the Pol iota active site, the templating purine adopts a syn conformation and forms a Hoogsteen base pair with the incoming pyrimidine which remains in the anti conformation.	pyrimidine	253-263	DNA polymerase mu	Homo sapiens	26-34
16741921-7	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Arrest of DNA synthesis responsible for toxicity of 2-CADO to PC3 cells is due to the lack of substrates for DNA polymerization caused by irreversible inhibition of purine/pyrimidine ribo-and 2-deoxyribonucleotides salvage enzymes.	pyrimidine	185-195	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	75-78
16914729-2	2006	The crystal structures of Pol iota with template A and incoming dTTP and with template G and incoming dCTP have revealed that in the Pol iota active site, the templating purine adopts a syn conformation and forms a Hoogsteen base pair with the incoming pyrimidine which remains in the anti conformation.	pyrimidine	253-263	DNA polymerase mu	Homo sapiens	133-141
16847316-0	2006	Shared stabilization functions of pyrimidine-rich determinants in the erythroid 15-lipoxygenase and alpha-globin mRNAs.	pyrimidine	34-44	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	80-95
16828468-4	2006	pyr-1 encodes CAD, a trifunctional enzyme required for de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and pyr-1(cu8) mutants are rescued by supplying exogenous pyrimidines.	pyrimidine	63-73	Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
16828468-6	2006	rib-1 mutant lethality was enhanced in a pyr-1 mutant background, indicating that HSPG synthesis is very sensitive to decreased pyrimidine pools, and HS disaccharides are moderately decreased in both rib-1 and pyr-1 mutants.	pyrimidine	128-138	Exostosin-1 homolog	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
16828468-6	2006	rib-1 mutant lethality was enhanced in a pyr-1 mutant background, indicating that HSPG synthesis is very sensitive to decreased pyrimidine pools, and HS disaccharides are moderately decreased in both rib-1 and pyr-1 mutants.	pyrimidine	128-138	Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase	Caenorhabditis elegans	41-46
16912518-1	2006	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, EC 1.3.1.2) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases, uracil and thymine, and is also known to be the key enzyme catalyzing the metabolic degradation of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
16847316-0	2006	Shared stabilization functions of pyrimidine-rich determinants in the erythroid 15-lipoxygenase and alpha-globin mRNAs.	pyrimidine	34-44	hemoglobin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	100-112
16891462-3	2006	Based on these computational methods, a new generation of inhibitors derived from quinazoline and pyrimidine-based tricyclic scaffolds were synthesized and evaluated for Aurora A kinase inhibitory activity, which led to the identification of 4-(6,7-dimethoxy-9H-1,3,9-triaza-fluoren-4-yl)-piperazine-1-carbothioic acid [4-(pyrimidin-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenyl]-amide.	pyrimidine	98-108	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	170-178
16774642-2	2006	In this study we investigated C. albicans dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, EC 1.3.99.11), which catalyzes the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, as a new target for controlling infection.	pyrimidine	137-147	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-70
16774642-2	2006	In this study we investigated C. albicans dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, EC 1.3.99.11), which catalyzes the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, as a new target for controlling infection.	pyrimidine	137-147	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	72-77
16682184-2	2006	The introduction of a methyl group at the C-5 or C-6 position on the pyrimidine ring, directed toward the gate keeper residue of CDK4 (Phe93), led to significant enhancement of selectivity for CDK4 over other CDKs.	pyrimidine	69-79	complement C5	Homo sapiens	42-45
16682184-2	2006	The introduction of a methyl group at the C-5 or C-6 position on the pyrimidine ring, directed toward the gate keeper residue of CDK4 (Phe93), led to significant enhancement of selectivity for CDK4 over other CDKs.	pyrimidine	69-79	complement C6	Homo sapiens	49-52
16682184-2	2006	The introduction of a methyl group at the C-5 or C-6 position on the pyrimidine ring, directed toward the gate keeper residue of CDK4 (Phe93), led to significant enhancement of selectivity for CDK4 over other CDKs.	pyrimidine	69-79	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	129-133
16682184-2	2006	The introduction of a methyl group at the C-5 or C-6 position on the pyrimidine ring, directed toward the gate keeper residue of CDK4 (Phe93), led to significant enhancement of selectivity for CDK4 over other CDKs.	pyrimidine	69-79	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	193-197
16682184-2	2006	The introduction of a methyl group at the C-5 or C-6 position on the pyrimidine ring, directed toward the gate keeper residue of CDK4 (Phe93), led to significant enhancement of selectivity for CDK4 over other CDKs.	pyrimidine	69-79	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
16809543-2	2006	The 65- and 35-kD subunits of the splicing factor U2AF, U2AF65 and U2AF35, recognize, respectively, the pyrimidine-rich tract and the conserved terminal AG present at metazoan 3" splice sites.	pyrimidine	104-114	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	56-62
16809543-2	2006	The 65- and 35-kD subunits of the splicing factor U2AF, U2AF65 and U2AF35, recognize, respectively, the pyrimidine-rich tract and the conserved terminal AG present at metazoan 3" splice sites.	pyrimidine	104-114	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1	Homo sapiens	67-73
16809543-4	2006	DEK phosphorylated at serines 19 and 32 associates with U2AF35, facilitates the U2AF35-AG interaction and prevents binding of U2AF65 to pyrimidine tracts not followed by AG.	pyrimidine	136-146	DEK proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	0-3
16809543-4	2006	DEK phosphorylated at serines 19 and 32 associates with U2AF35, facilitates the U2AF35-AG interaction and prevents binding of U2AF65 to pyrimidine tracts not followed by AG.	pyrimidine	136-146	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	126-132
16596481-3	2006	A computational study of CDK4 inhibitors led to the incorporation of selectivity determinants into a pyrimidine pharmacophore to generate isoform-specific inhibitors.	pyrimidine	101-111	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
16317762-6	2006	It preferentially cleaves RNA in between the pyrimidine and purine dinucleotides UA, UG, and CA, at the coding region determinant (CRD) of c-myc RNA.	pyrimidine	45-55	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	139-144
16400710-1	2006	The 2-oxidation activity on the pyrimidine ring of RS-8359, a MAO-A inhibitor, is the major metabolic pathway catalysed by aldehyde oxidase.	pyrimidine	32-42	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	123-139
16854279-2	2006	METHODS: Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pshRNA-DNMT1 containing the sequence of the gene of DMNT1 that methylates the specific pyrimidine residue in the DNA promoter region was constructed.	pyrimidine	138-148	DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1	Mus musculus	58-63
16473525-1	2006	Human cytosolic thymidine kinase (hTK1) is the key enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway and phosphorylates thymidine to thymidine monophosphate, a precursor building block of the DNA.	pyrimidine	65-75	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
16400710-1	2006	The 2-oxidation activity on the pyrimidine ring of RS-8359, a MAO-A inhibitor, is the major metabolic pathway catalysed by aldehyde oxidase.	pyrimidine	32-42	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	62-67
16533034-1	2006	Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) phosphorylates both pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including numerous nucleoside analogue prodrugs.	pyrimidine	53-63	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	6-26
16533034-1	2006	Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) phosphorylates both pyrimidine and purine deoxynucleosides, including numerous nucleoside analogue prodrugs.	pyrimidine	53-63	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	28-31
16500647-5	2006	The CB1 antagonist N-(piperidin-1-1yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251) was the most active compound with an IC50 of 8.6 +/- 1.3 microM after 72 h. AM251 induces apoptosis, causes transcriptional changes of genes in janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling network and synergistically interacts with the pyrimidine analogue, 5-fluorouracil.	pyrimidine	387-397	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
16540644-7	2006	Additionally, a higher load of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers could be detected in the skin of UV-exposed IL-12p40-/- mice.	pyrimidine	42-52	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	104-112
16547199-1	2006	Endonuclease III (Endo III) is a base excision repair enzyme that recognizes oxidized pyrimidine bases including thymine glycol.	pyrimidine	86-96	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
16547199-1	2006	Endonuclease III (Endo III) is a base excision repair enzyme that recognizes oxidized pyrimidine bases including thymine glycol.	pyrimidine	86-96	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	18-26
16472713-1	2006	Alimta (pemetrexed) is a novel multitargeted antifolate that inhibits several enzymes in the de novo pathways of pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis, including thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase.	pyrimidine	113-123	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	159-179
16540728-1	2006	Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the cellular pathway of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	88-98	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-20
16540728-1	2006	Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the cellular pathway of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).	pyrimidine	88-98	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	22-24
16480261-2	2006	In the cell DHODH catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	66-76	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	12-17
16361227-2	2006	Loss-of-function mutations have been identified and characterized for each of the enzymes for pyrimidine catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), su(r) mutants; dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), CRMP mutants; beta-alanine synthase (betaAS), pyd3 mutants.	pyrimidine	94-104	Sulfonylurea receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	156-161
16361227-2	2006	Loss-of-function mutations have been identified and characterized for each of the enzymes for pyrimidine catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), su(r) mutants; dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), CRMP mutants; beta-alanine synthase (betaAS), pyd3 mutants.	pyrimidine	94-104	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	171-190
16361227-2	2006	Loss-of-function mutations have been identified and characterized for each of the enzymes for pyrimidine catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), su(r) mutants; dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), CRMP mutants; beta-alanine synthase (betaAS), pyd3 mutants.	pyrimidine	94-104	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	192-195
16361227-2	2006	Loss-of-function mutations have been identified and characterized for each of the enzymes for pyrimidine catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), su(r) mutants; dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), CRMP mutants; beta-alanine synthase (betaAS), pyd3 mutants.	pyrimidine	94-104	Collapsin Response Mediator Protein	Drosophila melanogaster	198-202
16361227-2	2006	Loss-of-function mutations have been identified and characterized for each of the enzymes for pyrimidine catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), su(r) mutants; dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), CRMP mutants; beta-alanine synthase (betaAS), pyd3 mutants.	pyrimidine	94-104	pyd3	Drosophila melanogaster	212-233
16361227-2	2006	Loss-of-function mutations have been identified and characterized for each of the enzymes for pyrimidine catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), su(r) mutants; dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), CRMP mutants; beta-alanine synthase (betaAS), pyd3 mutants.	pyrimidine	94-104	pyd3	Drosophila melanogaster	235-241
16361227-2	2006	Loss-of-function mutations have been identified and characterized for each of the enzymes for pyrimidine catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), su(r) mutants; dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), CRMP mutants; beta-alanine synthase (betaAS), pyd3 mutants.	pyrimidine	94-104	pyd3	Drosophila melanogaster	244-248
28140044-1	2006	Alimta (pemetrexed) is a novel multitargeted antifolate that inhibits several enzymes in the de novo pathways of pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis, including thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase.	pyrimidine	113-123	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	159-179
16275081-2	2006	A strategy of pseudo six-membered ring formed through intramolecular hydrogen bonding in salicylanilides is employed to mimic the planar pyrimidine ring of quinazoline EGFR inhibitors.	pyrimidine	137-147	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	168-172
16096281-1	2005	Escherichia coli endonuclease III (EcoNth) plays an important cellular role by removing premutagenic pyrimidine damages produced by reactive oxygen species.	pyrimidine	101-111	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	17-33
16475684-3	2006	In addition, 14, with methoxyl groups on the phenyl ring and 17, with the thiomethyl group on the pyrimidine ring, showed specific inhibition for the EGFR protein kinase.	pyrimidine	98-108	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	150-154
17065070-1	2006	beta-Ureidopropionase is the third enzyme of the pyrimidine degradation pathway and it catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of N-carbamyl-ss-aminoisobutyric acid or N-carbamyl-ss-alanine to beta-aminoisobutyric acid or ss-alanine, ammonia, and CO2.	pyrimidine	49-59	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
17065101-0	2006	Analysis of pyrimidine synthesis de novo intermediates in urine during crisis of a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.	pyrimidine	12-22	ornithine transcarbamylase	Homo sapiens	96-122
17065101-1	2006	Analysis of pyrimidine synthesis de novo intermediates and pyrimidine degradation products in urine samples from a decompensated patient with an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency showed a strikingly aberrant metabolic profile.	pyrimidine	12-22	ornithine transcarbamylase	Homo sapiens	145-171
17065101-1	2006	Analysis of pyrimidine synthesis de novo intermediates and pyrimidine degradation products in urine samples from a decompensated patient with an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency showed a strikingly aberrant metabolic profile.	pyrimidine	59-69	ornithine transcarbamylase	Homo sapiens	145-171
16375757-1	2005	Thymidine Phosphorylase (TPase) catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine 2"-deoxynucleosides to 2-deoxyribose-1-phosphate and their respective pyrimidine bases, including the phosphorolysis of nucleoside analogues with important antiviral or anticancer properties.	pyrimidine	75-85	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-23
16375757-1	2005	Thymidine Phosphorylase (TPase) catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine 2"-deoxynucleosides to 2-deoxyribose-1-phosphate and their respective pyrimidine bases, including the phosphorolysis of nucleoside analogues with important antiviral or anticancer properties.	pyrimidine	75-85	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	25-30
16375757-1	2005	Thymidine Phosphorylase (TPase) catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine 2"-deoxynucleosides to 2-deoxyribose-1-phosphate and their respective pyrimidine bases, including the phosphorolysis of nucleoside analogues with important antiviral or anticancer properties.	pyrimidine	156-166	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-23
16375757-1	2005	Thymidine Phosphorylase (TPase) catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine 2"-deoxynucleosides to 2-deoxyribose-1-phosphate and their respective pyrimidine bases, including the phosphorolysis of nucleoside analogues with important antiviral or anticancer properties.	pyrimidine	156-166	thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	25-30
16410714-1	2006	We had 2 patients with marked shrinkage of liver metastasis by administration of the oral fluorinated pyrimidine anticancer drug S-1 for advanced/recurrent breast cancer that was resistant to taxane and another antitumor drugs.	pyrimidine	102-112	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
17137510-6	2006	For comparison, we analyzed mRNAs associated with the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), a splicing factor that also binds to intronic pyrimidine-rich sequences but additionally participates in mRNA localization, stability, and translation.	pyrimidine	58-68	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
17065072-1	2006	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolised to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-AIB), respectively.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
17065072-1	2006	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolised to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-AIB), respectively.	pyrimidine	72-82	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-31
17065072-1	2006	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolised to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-AIB), respectively.	pyrimidine	72-82	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
16396833-6	2005	Interestingly, MPP6 appeared to display RNA-binding activity in vitro with a preference for pyrimidine-rich sequences, and to bind to the ITS2 element of pre-rRNAs.	pyrimidine	92-102	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	15-19
16352946-4	2005	After treatment failure with anthracycline and taxane antitumor drugs,she participated in a phase II study of S-1, a fluorinated pyrimidine anticancer drug, which was given orally at 80 mg/m2/day (2 doses).	pyrimidine	129-139	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
18404517-9	2005	These findings suggest that signaling by P2Y receptors, most likely of the purine/pyrimidine subtype, enhance the ability of FGF2 to stimulate entry into a new cell cycle, as well as DNA replication, by an ERK-dependent mechanism, whereas signaling by P2X receptors, possibly the P2X7 subtype, inhibits FGF2-induced mitogenesis in astrocytes.	pyrimidine	82-92	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
18404517-9	2005	These findings suggest that signaling by P2Y receptors, most likely of the purine/pyrimidine subtype, enhance the ability of FGF2 to stimulate entry into a new cell cycle, as well as DNA replication, by an ERK-dependent mechanism, whereas signaling by P2X receptors, possibly the P2X7 subtype, inhibits FGF2-induced mitogenesis in astrocytes.	pyrimidine	82-92	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
16260624-6	2005	Using minigenes, we demonstrated that RBM4 can activate the selection of skeletal muscle-specific exons, possibly via binding to intronic pyrimidine-rich elements.	pyrimidine	138-148	RNA binding motif protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
16162969-5	2005	In the same way, polymorphisms in thymidylate synthase have been associated with pyrimidine-associated toxicity and also with response to chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	81-91	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	34-54
15990316-4	2005	Enzyme screening indicated that an aminoethylamino moiety at the 2-position of the pyrimidine ring was important for Syk inhibitory activity, and an investigation of the substituents at the 4-position revealed that an anilino moiety substituted at the meta position was preferred.	pyrimidine	83-93	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	117-120
16179478-5	2005	Thus, PTB will induce RNA looping when bound to two separated pyrimidine tracts within the same RNA.	pyrimidine	62-72	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
15878985-6	2005	The purine and pyrimidine precursors inosine and orotate inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis.	pyrimidine	15-25	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	67-72
15878985-13	2005	In conclusion, Gln prevents TRAIL-induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells through a mechanism involving the pyrimidine pathway.	pyrimidine	101-111	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	28-33
17375478-1	2005	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the enzyme catalyzing the first step of pyrimidine metabolism.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
16009942-7	2005	The UVB-induced lesions detected by terminal transferase-PCR were almost exclusively mapped to pyrimidine-rich sequences; however, the UVA1-induced lesions were mapped to purine- and pyrimidine-containing sequences along the p53 gene.	pyrimidine	183-193	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	225-228
15993946-6	2005	In the systems with 3,3,3-tet, the MLL" type species are formed in which the oxygen atoms of the phosphate group and nitrogen atoms of the polyamine are involved in metallation, whereas the N3 atom from the pyrimidine ring of the nucleotide is located outside the inner coordination sphere of copper ion.	pyrimidine	207-217	lysine methyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	35-38
16088873-2	2005	The basis of positive selection for cytosine deaminase (Fcy1) activity is that (a) fcy1 strains are unable to grow on medium containing cytosine as a sole nitrogen source and (b) fcy1 ura3 strains are unable to grow on medium containing cytosine as the sole pyrimidine source.	pyrimidine	258-268	cytosine deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-60
15964013-9	2005	The structure provides implications for pyrimidine recognition, improved inhibitor design, and a possible protein/protein interaction patch on hAGT.	pyrimidine	40-50	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	143-147
15916540-5	2005	SM exon splicing can be activated by CELF proteins, which also bind co-operatively to interspersed sites and displace PTB from the pyrimidine tract.	pyrimidine	131-141	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
15780616-0	2005	Fused pyrimidine based inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7): synthesis and initial structure-activity relationships.	pyrimidine	6-16	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	37-56
15928332-7	2005	Ultraviolet cross-linking analysis and RNA affinity chromatography revealed the binding of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) to the UNR IRES, requiring a pyrimidine-rich region (nucleotides 335-355).	pyrimidine	95-105	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
15928332-7	2005	Ultraviolet cross-linking analysis and RNA affinity chromatography revealed the binding of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) to the UNR IRES, requiring a pyrimidine-rich region (nucleotides 335-355).	pyrimidine	95-105	cold shock domain containing E1	Homo sapiens	141-144
15917437-0	2005	5-halogenated pyrimidine lesions within a CpG sequence context mimic 5-methylcytosine by enhancing the binding of the methyl-CpG-binding domain of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2).	pyrimidine	14-24	methyl-CpG binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	147-175
15917437-0	2005	5-halogenated pyrimidine lesions within a CpG sequence context mimic 5-methylcytosine by enhancing the binding of the methyl-CpG-binding domain of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2).	pyrimidine	14-24	methyl-CpG binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	177-182
15854810-0	2005	Pyrimidine and nucleoside gamma-esters of L-Glu-Sar: synthesis, stability and interaction with hPEPT1.	pyrimidine	0-10	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
15780616-0	2005	Fused pyrimidine based inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7): synthesis and initial structure-activity relationships.	pyrimidine	6-16	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	58-62
15780616-1	2005	A series of fused pyrimidine based inhibitors of PDE7 have been derived from an earlier screening lead 1.	pyrimidine	18-28	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	49-53
15644498-4	2005	We found that hENT2-I33M displayed decreased K(m) values for both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and increased V(max) values for purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	66-76	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
15899693-1	2005	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine, as well as of the widely used chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU).	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
15899693-5	2005	Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that the E244V mutation might interfere with the electron flow between NADPH and the pyrimidine binding site of DPD.	pyrimidine	140-150	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	41-44
15899693-5	2005	Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that the E244V mutation might interfere with the electron flow between NADPH and the pyrimidine binding site of DPD.	pyrimidine	140-150	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	167-170
15821248-4	2005	Pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase, enzymes necessary for purine and pyrimidine synthesis, thus causing cell-cycle arrest in the S phase.	pyrimidine	151-161	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	20-40
15748635-4	2005	Since 5"-CG sequences are methylated along the p53 coding sequence in human cells, these mutations may be derived from sunlight-induced pyrimidine dimers forming at sequences that contain 5-methylcytosine.	pyrimidine	136-146	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	47-50
15616154-1	2005	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the first enzyme in the sequential metabolism of pyrimidine, regulates blood concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and is deeply involved in its toxicity.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Canis lupus familiaris	33-36
15611081-0	2005	Tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent drug resistance to purine and pyrimidine analogues in human colon tumor cells mediated through IKK.	pyrimidine	68-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-27
15611081-11	2005	Taken together, this study shows that, in vitro, TNFalpha-induced cell cycle arrest through IKK can provide a mechanism for the development of drug resistance to anti-cancer drugs, purine and pyrimidine analogues.	pyrimidine	192-202	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-57
15735337-1	2005	Uridine-cytidine nucleoside kinase 2 (UCK2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine-nucleotide salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	79-89	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-36
15735337-1	2005	Uridine-cytidine nucleoside kinase 2 (UCK2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine-nucleotide salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	79-89	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
15707971-2	2005	RpS3 calls for a novel endonucleolytic activity on AP sites generated from pyrimidine dimers by T4 pyrimidine dimer glycosylase activity.	pyrimidine	75-85	ribosomal protein S3	Homo sapiens	0-4
15707971-3	2005	This study revealed that rpS3 cleaves the lesions including AP sites, thymine glycols, and other UV damaged lesions such as pyrimidine dimers.	pyrimidine	124-134	ribosomal protein S3	Homo sapiens	25-29
15550676-1	2005	Human UMP/CMP kinase (cytidylate kinase; EC 2.7.4.14) is responsible for phosphorylation of CMP, UMP, and deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) and also plays an important role in the activation of pyrimidine analogs, some of which are clinically useful anticancer or antiviral drugs.	pyrimidine	195-205	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	6-20
15550676-1	2005	Human UMP/CMP kinase (cytidylate kinase; EC 2.7.4.14) is responsible for phosphorylation of CMP, UMP, and deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) and also plays an important role in the activation of pyrimidine analogs, some of which are clinically useful anticancer or antiviral drugs.	pyrimidine	195-205	cmp	Drosophila melanogaster	10-13
15683248-2	2005	The parasite"s orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (PfOPRT) and orotidine 5"-monophosphate decarboxylase (PfOMPDC) of the de novo pyrimidine pathway are attractive targets for antimalarial drug development.	pyrimidine	128-138	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	15-48
15603966-1	2005	The knowledge of SAR in a series of biphenyl anionic RSV inhibitors has been broadened by synthesis and testing of analogs with pyrimidine linkers.	pyrimidine	128-138	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	17-20
15533933-2	2005	It is well established that ATR is activated following UV light-induced DNA damage such as pyrimidine dimers and the 6-(1,2)-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pyrimidinyl-5-methyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinediones, whereas ATM is activated in response to double strand DNA breaks.	pyrimidine	91-101	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	28-31
15718161-2	2005	These parasites are characterized by a bifunctional enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS), which has a crucial role in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	144-154	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	60-83
15718161-2	2005	These parasites are characterized by a bifunctional enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS), which has a crucial role in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	144-154	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	84-104
15718161-2	2005	These parasites are characterized by a bifunctional enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS), which has a crucial role in pyrimidine biosynthesis.	pyrimidine	144-154	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	106-110
15533933-2	2005	It is well established that ATR is activated following UV light-induced DNA damage such as pyrimidine dimers and the 6-(1,2)-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pyrimidinyl-5-methyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinediones, whereas ATM is activated in response to double strand DNA breaks.	pyrimidine	91-101	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	200-203
15607118-4	2004	Competition experiments showed that a pyrimidine-rich sequence in the coding region of albumin mRNA was required for the formation of p65.	pyrimidine	38-48	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
15582458-1	2005	The syntheses of the novel C-5 substituted pyrimidine derivatives of l-ascorbic acid containing free hydroxy groups at C-2" (6-10) or C-2" and C-3" (11-15) positions of the lactone ring are described.	pyrimidine	43-53	complement C5	Homo sapiens	27-30
15582458-1	2005	The syntheses of the novel C-5 substituted pyrimidine derivatives of l-ascorbic acid containing free hydroxy groups at C-2" (6-10) or C-2" and C-3" (11-15) positions of the lactone ring are described.	pyrimidine	43-53	complement C2	Homo sapiens	119-122
15582458-1	2005	The syntheses of the novel C-5 substituted pyrimidine derivatives of l-ascorbic acid containing free hydroxy groups at C-2" (6-10) or C-2" and C-3" (11-15) positions of the lactone ring are described.	pyrimidine	43-53	complement C2	Homo sapiens	134-137
15582458-1	2005	The syntheses of the novel C-5 substituted pyrimidine derivatives of l-ascorbic acid containing free hydroxy groups at C-2" (6-10) or C-2" and C-3" (11-15) positions of the lactone ring are described.	pyrimidine	43-53	complement C3	Homo sapiens	143-146
15654980-10	2005	Moreover, the ineffectiveness of UVA-1 radiation and the enhanced sensitivity of Xpa mice point at pyrimidine dimers as causative DNA lesions.	pyrimidine	99-109	xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A	Mus musculus	81-84
15893145-0	2005	Neutrophil chemotaxis: autotaxin induced attenuation of purine/pyrimidine signaling precede the overexpression of Integrin(s).	pyrimidine	63-73	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Homo sapiens	23-32
15583816-1	2005	Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a pyrimidine metabolic pathway enzyme involved in salvage DNA synthesis and thus, a cell cycle-dependent marker.	pyrimidine	30-40	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
15583816-1	2005	Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a pyrimidine metabolic pathway enzyme involved in salvage DNA synthesis and thus, a cell cycle-dependent marker.	pyrimidine	30-40	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
15496403-5	2004	One form of homeostasis is revealed by the fact that a 100-fold up-regulation of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase (known to occur at the G(1)/S transition) dramatically increases pyrimidine production without affecting the other reactions of the folate cycle.	pyrimidine	195-205	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	81-101
15628771-1	2004	Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are important enzymes in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.	pyrimidine	40-50	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	66-69
15561147-1	2004	Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a key enzyme in the 5"-phosphorylation of purine and pyrimidine deoxynucleosides with deoxycytidine as the most efficient substrate.	pyrimidine	89-99	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	6-26
15561147-1	2004	Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a key enzyme in the 5"-phosphorylation of purine and pyrimidine deoxynucleosides with deoxycytidine as the most efficient substrate.	pyrimidine	89-99	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	28-31
15501051-1	2004	To develop compounds selective for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), we substituted hydroxypyridine and pyrimidine heteroaryl groups for the characteristic phenol ring of non-steroidal estrogens.	pyrimidine	103-113	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	35-57
15501051-1	2004	To develop compounds selective for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), we substituted hydroxypyridine and pyrimidine heteroaryl groups for the characteristic phenol ring of non-steroidal estrogens.	pyrimidine	103-113	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	59-65
15294893-4	2004	The specificity of the CA repeats in terms of destabilizing bcl-2 mRNA was proven by the substituting the CA repeats with other alternative repeats of purine/pyrimidine, but this had no effect on the stability of bcl-2 mRNA.	pyrimidine	158-168	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	60-65
15385443-1	2004	beta-Ureidopropionase deficiency is an inborn error of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, affecting the cleavage of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine and N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid.	pyrimidine	59-69	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
15655941-1	2004	Pemetrexed (Alimta) is a novel folate antimetabolite that primarily inhibits the enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFT), all of which are involved in pyrimidine and purine synthesis.	pyrimidine	236-246	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	89-109
15655941-1	2004	Pemetrexed (Alimta) is a novel folate antimetabolite that primarily inhibits the enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFT), all of which are involved in pyrimidine and purine synthesis.	pyrimidine	236-246	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	111-113
15543539-2	2004	The single Ser/Gly difference between CaCNT/19-20196 and CaCNT occurs at position 328 in putative TM 7, and corresponds to a Ser/Gly substitution previously shown to contribute to the contrasting pyrimidine and purine nucleoside selectivities of human (h) and rat (r) Na+-dependent CNT1 and CNT2.	pyrimidine	196-206	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	282-286
15543539-2	2004	The single Ser/Gly difference between CaCNT/19-20196 and CaCNT occurs at position 328 in putative TM 7, and corresponds to a Ser/Gly substitution previously shown to contribute to the contrasting pyrimidine and purine nucleoside selectivities of human (h) and rat (r) Na+-dependent CNT1 and CNT2.	pyrimidine	196-206	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	291-295
15544053-1	2004	This paper reports on the preparation of 5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-one, a sulfur-containing analogue of cytosine with the -CH=CH- group between the positions 5 and 6 of the pyrimidine ring replaced by the divalent sulfur (-S-).	pyrimidine	178-188	churchill domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
15464233-0	2004	Up-regulation of the high-affinity pyrimidine-preferring nucleoside transporter concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in liver parenchymal cells.	pyrimidine	35-45	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-118
15464233-0	2004	Up-regulation of the high-affinity pyrimidine-preferring nucleoside transporter concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in liver parenchymal cells.	pyrimidine	35-45	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	154-167
15571245-1	2004	Since de-novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides is coupled to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) via dehydroorotic acid dehydrogenase (DHODH), respiratory chain dysfunction should impair pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	27-37	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	109-141
15571245-1	2004	Since de-novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides is coupled to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) via dehydroorotic acid dehydrogenase (DHODH), respiratory chain dysfunction should impair pyrimidine synthesis.	pyrimidine	27-37	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	143-148
15571246-1	2004	To follow the expression of the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine de novo synthesis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in cells and tissues, we studied the DHODH mRNA expression by means of RT-PCR in rat tissues.	pyrimidine	49-59	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	78-106
15571246-1	2004	To follow the expression of the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine de novo synthesis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in cells and tissues, we studied the DHODH mRNA expression by means of RT-PCR in rat tissues.	pyrimidine	49-59	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
15571246-1	2004	To follow the expression of the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine de novo synthesis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in cells and tissues, we studied the DHODH mRNA expression by means of RT-PCR in rat tissues.	pyrimidine	49-59	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
15147186-1	2004	The zinc-containing cytidine deaminase (CDA, EC 3.5.4.5) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme catalyzing the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and 2"-deoxycytidine forming uridine and 2"-deoxyuridine, respectively.	pyrimidine	62-72	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	20-38
15252020-8	2004	The NRS harbors a branch point-like/pyrimidine tract sequence (BP/Py) just upstream of the U1/U11 site that is characteristic of 3" splice sites.	pyrimidine	36-46	RNA, U11 small nuclear	Homo sapiens	94-97
15294454-7	2004	The findings suggest that the exceedingly large concentration of overexpressed Pgp in the surface membrane of L1210/MDRC.06 cells is responsible for resistance to 6-MP and other purine and pyrimidine analogs, even though these agents usually are not considered to be substrates for Pgp.	pyrimidine	189-199	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	79-82
15294454-7	2004	The findings suggest that the exceedingly large concentration of overexpressed Pgp in the surface membrane of L1210/MDRC.06 cells is responsible for resistance to 6-MP and other purine and pyrimidine analogs, even though these agents usually are not considered to be substrates for Pgp.	pyrimidine	189-199	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	282-285
15377157-3	2004	We report here a method for the synthesis of 5-chlorocytosine- (ClC-) containing oligonucleotides that will be used in subsequent biochemical and biophysical studies to determine the consequences of pyrimidine chlorination.	pyrimidine	199-209	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	64-67
15159582-2	2004	Recently, NEIL1, a human homolog of Escherichia coli DNA glycosylase endonuclease VIII, has been identified and shown to exhibit broad substrate specificity for a variety of types of pyrimidine-base damage.	pyrimidine	183-193	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
15161263-6	2004	Pyrimidine residues within sequences flanking the homopurine (GAA)n repeat in tDNA are premodified with osmium tetroxide, 2,2"-bipyridine (Os,bipy), introducing electroactive labels in tDNA.	pyrimidine	0-10	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	62-65
15147186-1	2004	The zinc-containing cytidine deaminase (CDA, EC 3.5.4.5) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme catalyzing the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and 2"-deoxycytidine forming uridine and 2"-deoxyuridine, respectively.	pyrimidine	62-72	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	40-43
15319798-8	2004	In this review, we discuss in detail the role of UPase in the regulation of uridine homeostasis and pyrimidine metabolism and in the activation of fluoropyrimidines.	pyrimidine	100-110	uridine phosphorylase 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
15081028-0	2004	Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzamides and benzamidines: structural requirement of a pyrimidine ring for inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase.	pyrimidine	96-106	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	130-134
15060742-9	2004	The gene expression of TS and OPRT, which are involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and that of DPD and TP, may be coregulated.	pyrimidine	66-76	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	30-34
15121839-3	2004	This effect is due to the reduced efficiency of mRNA 3" end cleavage, and in vitro analysis reveals that PTB competes with CstF for recognition of the pA signal"s pyrimidine-rich downstream sequence element.	pyrimidine	163-173	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
15014982-2	2004	To understand the evolution of facultative anaerobiosis we studied the dependence of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, more precisely the fourth enzymic activity catalysed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODase), on the enzymes of the respiratory chain in several yeast species.	pyrimidine	93-103	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	204-211
15121839-4	2004	This may be analogous to its role in alternative splicing, where PTB competes with U2AF for binding to pyrimidine-rich intronic sequences.	pyrimidine	103-113	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
14734550-9	2004	Mutagenesis of either a purine-rich splicing enhancer or a pyrimidine tract element within exon 2 induced a change in the ratio of Bcl-x(L)/Bcl-x(s) mRNA from 7 to 1 and 0.23, thereby diminishing the selection of the Bcl-x(L) 5" splice site with a concomitant increase in Bcl-x(s) 5" splice site selection.	pyrimidine	59-69	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	131-139
14734550-9	2004	Mutagenesis of either a purine-rich splicing enhancer or a pyrimidine tract element within exon 2 induced a change in the ratio of Bcl-x(L)/Bcl-x(s) mRNA from 7 to 1 and 0.23, thereby diminishing the selection of the Bcl-x(L) 5" splice site with a concomitant increase in Bcl-x(s) 5" splice site selection.	pyrimidine	59-69	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
14734550-9	2004	Mutagenesis of either a purine-rich splicing enhancer or a pyrimidine tract element within exon 2 induced a change in the ratio of Bcl-x(L)/Bcl-x(s) mRNA from 7 to 1 and 0.23, thereby diminishing the selection of the Bcl-x(L) 5" splice site with a concomitant increase in Bcl-x(s) 5" splice site selection.	pyrimidine	59-69	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	140-145
14734550-9	2004	Mutagenesis of either a purine-rich splicing enhancer or a pyrimidine tract element within exon 2 induced a change in the ratio of Bcl-x(L)/Bcl-x(s) mRNA from 7 to 1 and 0.23, thereby diminishing the selection of the Bcl-x(L) 5" splice site with a concomitant increase in Bcl-x(s) 5" splice site selection.	pyrimidine	59-69	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	140-145
15056851-3	2004	In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are generally removed by hNTH1, hNEIL1, or hNEIL2, whereas oxidative purine lesions are removed by hOGG1.	pyrimidine	26-36	nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
14705962-1	2004	DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolized to beta-alanine and the R-enantiomer of beta-AIB (beta-aminoisobutyric acid) respectively.	pyrimidine	72-82	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-36
14734554-1	2004	In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are restored by the base excision repair pathway initiated by homologues of Endo III (hNTH1) and Endo VIII (hNEIL1 and hNEIL2).	pyrimidine	26-36	nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
14734554-1	2004	In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are restored by the base excision repair pathway initiated by homologues of Endo III (hNTH1) and Endo VIII (hNEIL1 and hNEIL2).	pyrimidine	26-36	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	147-151
14734554-1	2004	In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are restored by the base excision repair pathway initiated by homologues of Endo III (hNTH1) and Endo VIII (hNEIL1 and hNEIL2).	pyrimidine	26-36	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	153-159
14734554-1	2004	In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are restored by the base excision repair pathway initiated by homologues of Endo III (hNTH1) and Endo VIII (hNEIL1 and hNEIL2).	pyrimidine	26-36	nei like DNA glycosylase 2	Homo sapiens	164-170
15056851-3	2004	In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are generally removed by hNTH1, hNEIL1, or hNEIL2, whereas oxidative purine lesions are removed by hOGG1.	pyrimidine	26-36	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	77-83
15056851-3	2004	In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are generally removed by hNTH1, hNEIL1, or hNEIL2, whereas oxidative purine lesions are removed by hOGG1.	pyrimidine	26-36	nei like DNA glycosylase 2	Homo sapiens	88-94
15044615-6	2004	The pyrimidine part of the inhibitors binds with very similar hydrogen bond interactions to the protein but with their phosphonate moieties in different binding sites compared with each other and to the previously determined position of phosphate bound to dNT-2.	pyrimidine	4-14	spatzle 5	Drosophila melanogaster	256-261
14987830-1	2004	A pharmacophore model for ATP-competitive inhibitors interacting with the active site of the EGFR protein tyrosine kinase and a putative binding mode of 4-anilinoquinazoline suggest that a salicylic acid function could serve as the pharmacophore replacement of a pyrimidine ring.	pyrimidine	263-273	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
14978234-10	2004	Addition of a hydroxyl group around the 2-position of purine (or 3-position of pyrimidine) may increase inhibition to hCNT2 transporter; addition of hydroxyl group around the 2,7-position of purine (or the 3,5-position of pyrimidine) would increase the inhibition to hENT1 transporter.	pyrimidine	79-89	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
14978234-10	2004	Addition of a hydroxyl group around the 2-position of purine (or 3-position of pyrimidine) may increase inhibition to hCNT2 transporter; addition of hydroxyl group around the 2,7-position of purine (or the 3,5-position of pyrimidine) would increase the inhibition to hENT1 transporter.	pyrimidine	79-89	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	267-272
14978234-10	2004	Addition of a hydroxyl group around the 2-position of purine (or 3-position of pyrimidine) may increase inhibition to hCNT2 transporter; addition of hydroxyl group around the 2,7-position of purine (or the 3,5-position of pyrimidine) would increase the inhibition to hENT1 transporter.	pyrimidine	222-232	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
14759163-1	2004	The repair of a cis-syn pyrimidine dimer by single electron reduction is possible in DNA over large distances.	pyrimidine	24-34	synemin	Homo sapiens	20-23
12856181-2	2004	These subtypes differ in their substrate specificities: CNT1 is pyrimidine-nucleoside preferring, CNT2 is purine-nucleoside preferring, and CNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	64-74	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
12856181-2	2004	These subtypes differ in their substrate specificities: CNT1 is pyrimidine-nucleoside preferring, CNT2 is purine-nucleoside preferring, and CNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	pyrimidine	64-74	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	140-144
12856181-3	2004	Recent studies have identified key amino acid residues that are determinants of pyrimidine and purine specificity of CNT1 and CNT2.	pyrimidine	80-90	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	126-130
15162399-3	2004	After the pyrimidine limitation of a "P. alkanolytica" orotate phosphoribosyltransferase mutant strain grown on succinate, the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities were derepressed.	pyrimidine	10-20	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	55-88
15162399-3	2004	After the pyrimidine limitation of a "P. alkanolytica" orotate phosphoribosyltransferase mutant strain grown on succinate, the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities were derepressed.	pyrimidine	127-137	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	55-88
15047857-5	2004	However, arrest at the TH site requires the presence of a pyrimidine at the 3" end and arrest increases when the 3"-most segment is pyrimidine rich.	pyrimidine	58-68	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	23-25
15047857-5	2004	However, arrest at the TH site requires the presence of a pyrimidine at the 3" end and arrest increases when the 3"-most segment is pyrimidine rich.	pyrimidine	132-142	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	23-25
15047857-7	2004	Thus, the RNA polymerase II arrest element from the TH gene has several unanticipated characteristics: arrest is independent of a weak RNA-DNA hybrid at the 3" end of the transcript, but it requires both a pyrimidine at the 3" end and a polypurine element upstream of the RNA-DNA hybrid.	pyrimidine	206-216	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	52-54
15045945-1	2004	In humans, 80-90% of the administered dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is degraded by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the initial rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine catabolism.	pyrimidine	90-100	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	116-119
14756559-4	2004	(i) The structure of T44D-Ang indicates that Asp44 can participate directly in pyrimidine binding and that the intrinsic hydrogen-bonding capability of this residue largely governs the pyrimidine specificity of this variant.	pyrimidine	79-89	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	26-29
14756559-4	2004	(i) The structure of T44D-Ang indicates that Asp44 can participate directly in pyrimidine binding and that the intrinsic hydrogen-bonding capability of this residue largely governs the pyrimidine specificity of this variant.	pyrimidine	185-195	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	26-29
14725471-1	2004	The design, synthesis, structure, and binding affinity of two dioptic receptors for the selective molecular recognition of the cis,syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer are reported.	pyrimidine	147-157	synemin	Homo sapiens	12-15
14725471-6	2004	The receptor has an association constant of K(a) = 1.0 x 10(3) M(-1) with the cis,syn pyrimidine dimer, whereas binding of the trans,syn isomer is approximately 1 order of magnitude weaker.	pyrimidine	86-96	synemin	Homo sapiens	82-85
15061658-0	2004	Three repeats of CCCCTCC on the pyrimidine-rich sequence in the proximal 5" flanking region are required for efficient transcriptional activity of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene.	pyrimidine	32-42	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	157-190
15598073-1	2004	Synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives with a side-chain attached to the C-6 of pyrimidine ring (6-14) is reported.	pyrimidine	13-23	complement C6	Homo sapiens	70-73
15043135-6	2004	In the latter case initial opening of the central (pyrimidine) ring, in analogy to the dissociation behavior of guanine, causes loss of identity of C-6/C-7 so that placement of a single methyl at either site is not possible.	pyrimidine	51-61	complement C6	Homo sapiens	148-155
15598073-1	2004	Synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives with a side-chain attached to the C-6 of pyrimidine ring (6-14) is reported.	pyrimidine	77-87	complement C6	Homo sapiens	70-73
15598073-7	2004	The new fluorinated pyrimidine derivative 16 that is phosphorylated by HSV-1 TK could be developed as non-toxic PET-tracer molecule.	pyrimidine	20-30	involved in nucleotide metabolism	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	77-79
17150535-1	2004	Endo III and Endo VIII are major E. coli DNA glycosylases that remove oxidatively damaged pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	90-100	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	18-22
14642566-2	2003	SMUG1 also has the capacity to excise oxidized pyrimidine bases such as 5-hydroxymethyluracil and 5-formyluracil from DNA.	pyrimidine	47-57	single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-5
14658877-4	2003	Binding studies reveal that pyrimidine encapsulation by the DPD framework is accompanied by a markedly reduced entropic penalty (approximately 60 J mol(-1)K(-1)) with respect to traditional face-to-face bisporphyrin systems, giving rise to a smaller conformational energy cost upon substrate binding.	pyrimidine	28-38	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	60-63
14638714-13	2003	MMP-2 also had pyrimidine tracts in the extreme 5" region of its UTR.	pyrimidine	15-25	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
14638714-19	2003	P70/p85 S6 kinase is probably involved downstream from mTOR and PKB in regulating translation of MMP-2, which has pyrimidine tracts in its 5" UTR.	pyrimidine	114-124	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	55-59
14638714-19	2003	P70/p85 S6 kinase is probably involved downstream from mTOR and PKB in regulating translation of MMP-2, which has pyrimidine tracts in its 5" UTR.	pyrimidine	114-124	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	97-102
14643431-8	2003	This effect was reversed by expression of DNA polymerase eta, indicating that translesion synthesis of UVC-induced pyrimidine dimers by DNA pol eta protects human fibroblasts against UVC genotoxic effects even when other DNA repair functions are compromised by caffeine.	pyrimidine	115-125	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	42-60
12967297-0	2003	New entry to a three-component pyrimidine synthesis by TMS-Ynones via Sonogashira coupling.	pyrimidine	31-41	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	55-58
12874279-5	2003	Quantitative binding assays indicated that the relative affinity and specificity of Purbeta for single-stranded DNA were influenced by purine/pyrimidine content; by non-conserved regions outside amino acids 37-263; and by cell-derived proteins, specifically MSY1.	pyrimidine	142-152	purine rich element binding protein B	Mus musculus	84-91
12910418-1	2003	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a pyrimidine salvage enzyme responsible for degradation of thymine, which is produced from thymidine by thymidine phosphorylase (TP).	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
14611683-7	2003	Delayed addition of these ODNs for up to 2 h was still able to profoundly affect CpG-induced IL-12p40 production at 18 h. Inhibitory DNA motif consists of two nucleotide triplets, a proximal pyrimidine-rich CCT sequence and a more distal GGG triplet.	pyrimidine	191-201	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	93-101
12883662-1	2003	The expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) affect the sensitivity of tumor cells to fluorinated pyrimidine cytotoxic agents and determine the response of patients with colorectal cancer to fluorinated-pyrimidine-based chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	104-114	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	25-45
12883662-1	2003	The expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) affect the sensitivity of tumor cells to fluorinated pyrimidine cytotoxic agents and determine the response of patients with colorectal cancer to fluorinated-pyrimidine-based chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	104-114	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	47-49
12883662-1	2003	The expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) affect the sensitivity of tumor cells to fluorinated pyrimidine cytotoxic agents and determine the response of patients with colorectal cancer to fluorinated-pyrimidine-based chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	209-219	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	25-45
12883662-1	2003	The expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) affect the sensitivity of tumor cells to fluorinated pyrimidine cytotoxic agents and determine the response of patients with colorectal cancer to fluorinated-pyrimidine-based chemotherapy.	pyrimidine	209-219	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	47-49
12809214-1	2003	(Fe(pmd)2[Cu(CN)2]2) (pmd = pyrimidine) displays a rigid two-dimensional structure and undergoes thermal- and optical-driven spin crossover behaviour; cooperative elastic coupling between iron(II) ions in the framework induces thermal hysteresis in the HS &lt;--&gt; LS conversion and sigmoidal HS --&gt; LS relaxation of the photo-induced HS state at low temperatures.	pyrimidine	28-38	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
12923428-2	2003	The inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in pyrimidine synthesis is suggested to be the major immunosuppressive mechanism.	pyrimidine	58-68	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	18-46
12923428-2	2003	The inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in pyrimidine synthesis is suggested to be the major immunosuppressive mechanism.	pyrimidine	58-68	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
12771135-7	2003	Assaying the enzyme showed that CDP-ME kinase will phosphorylate CDP-ME but not 4-(uridine 5"-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol, indicating the substrate pyrimidine moiety is involved in important interactions with the enzyme.	pyrimidine	155-165	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
12771135-7	2003	Assaying the enzyme showed that CDP-ME kinase will phosphorylate CDP-ME but not 4-(uridine 5"-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol, indicating the substrate pyrimidine moiety is involved in important interactions with the enzyme.	pyrimidine	155-165	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
12851836-1	2003	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of pyrimidine bases.	pyrimidine	7-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
12783594-1	2003	Leflunomide (Arava), Aventis Pharmaceuticals) is an immunomodulating drug that interferes with the metabolism of pyrimidine by inhibiting dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DH) in mitochondria, thereby blocking T- and B cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	113-123	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	138-167
12783594-1	2003	Leflunomide (Arava), Aventis Pharmaceuticals) is an immunomodulating drug that interferes with the metabolism of pyrimidine by inhibiting dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DH) in mitochondria, thereby blocking T- and B cell proliferation.	pyrimidine	113-123	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	169-175
12688761-2	2003	Several synthetic approaches that describe the introduction of a C-3 pyrimidine substituent on the imidazopyridine core via construction of the pyrimidine or Stille coupling are outlined.	pyrimidine	69-79	complement C3	Homo sapiens	65-68
12558503-1	2003	The splicing factor U2AF(65), U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) auxillary factor of 65 kDa, binds to pyrimidine-rich sequences at 3" splice sites to recruit U2 snRNP to pre-mRNAs.	pyrimidine	119-129	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	20-28
12558503-1	2003	The splicing factor U2AF(65), U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) auxillary factor of 65 kDa, binds to pyrimidine-rich sequences at 3" splice sites to recruit U2 snRNP to pre-mRNAs.	pyrimidine	119-129	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	75-80
12558503-1	2003	The splicing factor U2AF(65), U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) auxillary factor of 65 kDa, binds to pyrimidine-rich sequences at 3" splice sites to recruit U2 snRNP to pre-mRNAs.	pyrimidine	119-129	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	178-183
12675805-1	2003	Endonuclease III (Nth) enzyme from Escherichia coli is involved in base excision repair of oxidised pyrimidine residues in DNA.	pyrimidine	100-110	endonuclease III	Escherichia coli	0-16
12761763-3	2003	The majority of those compounds were found to be selective 5-HT(2A)/5-HT(1A) receptor ligands, though less potent than their previously described pyrimidine counterparts.	pyrimidine	146-156	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	68-85
12626710-1	2003	Slime mold, plant and insect dihydropyrimidine amidohydrolases (DHPases, EC 3.5.2.2), which catalyze the second step of pyrimidine and several anti-cancer drug degradations, were cloned and shown to functionally replace a defective DHPase enzyme in the yeast Saccharomyces kluyveri.	pyrimidine	36-46	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	64-70
12627976-5	2003	We investigated the substrate specificity and kinetics of AtOgg1 for excision of modified bases from oxidatively damaged DNA that contained multiple pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions.	pyrimidine	149-159	8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-64
12659110-4	2003	S-1 is a new oral fluorinated pyrimidine derivative.	pyrimidine	30-40	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12538029-7	2003	One pyrimidine and one pyrazine have ERalpha affinity preferences as high as 23 and 9, respectively, and one pyrimidine has an ERbeta affinity preference of 8.	pyrimidine	109-119	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	127-133
12595559-6	2003	Previously, we described an unusual factor called SRC pyrimidine-binding protein (SPy) that could bind to two of these TC tracts in their double-stranded form, but was also capable of interacting with higher affinity to all three pyrimidine tracts in their single-stranded form.	pyrimidine	54-64	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	50-53
12538029-7	2003	One pyrimidine and one pyrazine have ERalpha affinity preferences as high as 23 and 9, respectively, and one pyrimidine has an ERbeta affinity preference of 8.	pyrimidine	4-14	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	37-44
12766404-1	2003	Triple-resonance two-dimensional H6/H5(C4N)H and C6/C5(C4N)H experiments are described that provide through-bond H6/H5 or C6/C5 to imino/amino correlations in pyrimidine bases in (13)C,(15)N-labeled RNA.	pyrimidine	159-169	complement C6	Homo sapiens	113-124
12570998-5	2003	The indicator Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YZRM7 is unable to grow unless an engineered pyrimidine biosynthetic gene is activated by the expressed human estrogen receptor in the presence of exogenous estrogenic substances.	pyrimidine	91-101	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	156-173
12446674-3	2003	Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) using various IgRE-derived oligonucleotide probes containing serial two-base mutations showed that YB-1 protein was preferentially bound to the pyrimidine-rich sequence within the IgRE.	pyrimidine	189-199	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	144-148