PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
1495971-7	1992	These results establish CA IV as a cytochemical marker associated with the blood-brain barrier and suggest an important role for CA IV in CO2 and HCO3- homeostasis in brain.	Bicarbonates	146-150	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
1321659-0	1992	Mechanistic studies of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays utilizing formate as an alternate substrate for bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	117-128	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	23-54
1321659-1	1992	Formate is an alternate substrate for bicarbonate in the reaction with PEP catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays, producing formyl phosphate and pyruvate.	Bicarbonates	38-49	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	71-74
1321659-1	1992	Formate is an alternate substrate for bicarbonate in the reaction with PEP catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays, producing formyl phosphate and pyruvate.	Bicarbonates	38-49	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	88-119
1321659-4	1992	PEP carboxylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoglycolate or L-phospholactate 2000 times more slowly and D-phospholactate 4000 times more slowly than the reaction between bicarbonate and PEP.	Bicarbonates	174-185	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	0-15
1321659-4	1992	PEP carboxylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoglycolate or L-phospholactate 2000 times more slowly and D-phospholactate 4000 times more slowly than the reaction between bicarbonate and PEP.	Bicarbonates	174-185	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	0-3
1633156-1	1992	In addition to the normal carboxylation reaction, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays catalyzes a HCO3(-)-dependent hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and Pi.	Bicarbonates	108-112	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	50-81
1636708-10	1992	It was shown previously that atropine inhibited significantly the pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate stimulated by secretin in physiological doses.	Bicarbonates	90-101	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	116-124
1351858-2	1992	To evaluate the possibility that the increased levels of S-28 post cibum might modulate the release of enzymes and bicarbonate from the exocrine pancreas, S-28 was infused intravenously into healthy volunteers to levels seen after food intake.	Bicarbonates	115-126	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	57-61
1351858-3	1992	During S-28 infusion, the output of lipase, trypsin, amylase, and bicarbonate stimulated by either exogenous cholecystokinin octapeptide or endogenous signals from intraduodenal administration of tryptophan or a mixture of amino acids was significantly reduced.	Bicarbonates	66-77	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	7-11
1321841-6	1992	Basolateral membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity assayed as the pHi response to basolateral Cl- addition was increased 73% in DOCA tubules versus controls, and decreased 44% in ADX tubules versus controls.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	64-67
1319368-1	1992	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has been implicated as an intracellular "second" messenger in duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in animals.	Bicarbonates	117-128	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	32-36
1319368-2	1992	The purpose of this study was to determine whether cAMP may mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in humans.	Bicarbonates	85-96	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	51-55
1319368-9	1992	These results suggest that cAMP may act as an intracellular mediator of human duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	95-106	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	27-31
1624081-6	1992	The bile flow and biliary bicarbonate excretion rate were significantly increased after secretin infusion in the CC fistula rats when compared with the control rats, but no stimulation by secretin was observed in the ligated rats.	Bicarbonates	26-37	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	88-96
1379016-5	1992	In dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulae, CGRP caused significant inhibition of the outputs of pancreatic protein (63-68%) and of pancreatic bicarbonate (74-89%) and a simultaneous dose-related rise (40-102 fmol/ml) in plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity.	Bicarbonates	141-152	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
1319679-9	1992	Monensin increased pHi, and this response was dependent on extracellular Na+ and HCO3- but not on antiporter function.	Bicarbonates	81-85	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
1314850-1	1992	The mechanism of inhibition of HCO3 transport by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the proximal tubule is not clearly defined.	Bicarbonates	31-35	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	49-68
1376357-0	1992	Substance P produces sodium and bicarbonate secretion in porcine jejunal mucosa through an action on enteric neurons.	Bicarbonates	32-43	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
1376357-6	1992	Both effects of SP were absent in tissues either pretreated with the neuronal conduction blocker tetrodotoxin (0.1 microM) or bathed in HCO3(-)-deficient media.	Bicarbonates	136-140	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
1376357-9	1992	SP simultaneously increased and suppressed L and S alkalinization, respectively; this effect presumably represents HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	115-119	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
1599955-4	1992	Molecular forms of 16S (A12), 10.5S (G4) and 4.0S (G1) are separated by sedimentation analyses of Triton X-100 or bicarbonate-solubilized AChE.	Bicarbonates	114-125	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	138-142
1314849-6	1992	DOCA, but not acidosis, increased (approximately 40%) initial pHi response to bath HCO3- or Cl- reduction in Na(+)-free condition.	Bicarbonates	83-87	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	62-65
1314850-0	1992	Parathyroid hormone decreases HCO3 reabsorption in the rat proximal tubule by stimulating phosphatidylinositol metabolism and inhibiting base exit.	Bicarbonates	30-34	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
1592012-10	1992	Modification of ion (HCO3-, Cl-, Na+, and K+) concentration and pH of culture medium all changed the pHi of astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	21-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	101-104
1516268-2	1992	Independent of its effects on renal haemodynamics and glomerular filtration, angiotensin II (AII) has direct actions on the proximal tubule involving transepithelial Na+, H+, HCO3-, and water reabsorption, ammoniagenesis, gluconeogenesis and renal growth.	Bicarbonates	175-179	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	77-91
1322994-0	1992	Na(+)-dependent HCO3- transport and Na+/H+ exchange regulate pHi in human ciliary muscle cells.	Bicarbonates	16-20	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	61-64
1322994-4	1992	Readdition of external sodium resulted in a rapid pHi recovery, which was almost completely amiloride-sensitive in the absence of CO2/HCO3- but only slightly influenced by amiloride in its presence.	Bicarbonates	134-138	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	50-53
1322994-8	1992	In contrast, a marked amiloride-insensitive pHi recovery was observed in CO2/HCO3(-)-buffered solution which was mediated by chloride-independent and chloride-dependent Na+ HCO3- cotransport.	Bicarbonates	77-84	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	44-47
1560021-0	1992	The predicted translation product of a cardiac AE3 mRNA contains an N terminus distinct from that of the brain AE3 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	119-123	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1560021-0	1992	The predicted translation product of a cardiac AE3 mRNA contains an N terminus distinct from that of the brain AE3 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	119-123	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
1314505-7	1992	Calmodulin (1 microM), in presence of Ca, also inhibited HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake in presence of HCO3, whereas 22Na uptake in the presence of gluconate was unchanged.	Bicarbonates	99-103	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
1314505-8	1992	The inhibitory effect of calmodulin on HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake was prevented by N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalene sulfonamide (W-13), an inhibitor of calmodulin.	Bicarbonates	39-43	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	25-35
1314505-8	1992	The inhibitory effect of calmodulin on HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake was prevented by N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalene sulfonamide (W-13), an inhibitor of calmodulin.	Bicarbonates	39-43	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	159-169
1570347-2	1992	In individual cells, membrane depolarization produced by transient exposure to 50 mM K+ caused a reversible increase in pHi in the presence, but not absence, of HCO3-, consistent with voltage-dependent HCO3- influx.	Bicarbonates	202-206	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	120-123
1570347-5	1992	Moreover, the rate of pHi and potential difference recovery was several-fold greater in the presence as compared with the absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	133-137	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	22-25
1570347-6	1992	Finally, continuous exposure to 10% CO2 in the presence of HCO3- produced intracellular acidification, and the rate of pHi recovery from intracellular acidosis was inhibited by Ba2+, which blocks pHi-induced changes in gK+, and by 4-acetamido-4"-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid, which inhibits Na+/HCO3- cotransport.	Bicarbonates	59-63	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	196-199
1314505-5	1992	cAMP, 1 microM, inhibited HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake without affecting 22Na uptake in presence of gluconate, suggesting that cAMP inhibits Na-HCO3 cotransporter activity without altering diffusive 22Na uptake.	Bicarbonates	26-30	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	139-160
1314505-7	1992	Calmodulin (1 microM), in presence of Ca, also inhibited HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake in presence of HCO3, whereas 22Na uptake in the presence of gluconate was unchanged.	Bicarbonates	57-61	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
1516268-2	1992	Independent of its effects on renal haemodynamics and glomerular filtration, angiotensin II (AII) has direct actions on the proximal tubule involving transepithelial Na+, H+, HCO3-, and water reabsorption, ammoniagenesis, gluconeogenesis and renal growth.	Bicarbonates	175-179	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	93-96
1307917-1	1992	The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of peptide YY (PYY) on acid-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and to determine whether PYY affects the release of secretin in response to intraduodenal infusion of acid.	Bicarbonates	107-118	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	60-70
1550548-1	1992	Secretin is a 27-amino acid gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic fluid.	Bicarbonates	86-97	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
1554363-17	1992	In hypo-osmolar Na(+)-free media insulin prevented the decrease in glycogen synthesis with decreasing [HCO3-], suggesting that it counteracts inhibition by acidification.	Bicarbonates	103-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
1307917-1	1992	The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of peptide YY (PYY) on acid-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and to determine whether PYY affects the release of secretin in response to intraduodenal infusion of acid.	Bicarbonates	107-118	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	72-75
1307917-5	1992	Bicarbonate output was significantly inhibited during PYY infusion at 200 and 400 pmol/kg.h, but plasma secretin levels were unchanged.	Bicarbonates	0-11	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	54-57
1307917-6	1992	The calculated maximal response for bicarbonate secretion (5.1 +/- 1.3 mEq/15 min) was significantly reduced by PYY (2.1 +/- 0.7 mEq/15 min).	Bicarbonates	36-47	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	112-115
1307917-7	1992	We concluded that PYY can inhibit acid-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate secretion without affecting the release of secretin.	Bicarbonates	61-72	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	18-21
1307917-8	1992	The mechanism of the inhibitory effect of PYY on acid-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate secretion is compatible with a noncompetitive type of inhibition.	Bicarbonates	76-87	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	42-45
1410769-2	1992	The affinity of tryptic and undigested S-1 for anions (CN-, SCN- or HCO3-) was different, as reflected by the altered values of Ki or Ka obtained from ATPase activity measurements.	Bicarbonates	68-72	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
1311273-3	1992	Subsequent removal of HCO3-/CO2 (HEPES/O2 substitution) from the serosal perfusate caused a further decrease of pHi.	Bicarbonates	22-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	112-115
1311273-4	1992	Blocking of HCO3- transport across the basolateral cell membrane by addition of 4-acetamido-4,isothiosyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (SITS) to serosal perfusate also caused a slight but significant decrease of pHi.	Bicarbonates	12-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	212-215
1311273-9	1992	Removal of serosal HCO3-/CO2 decreased surface pH significantly both at the villus apex and at the cryptal area, suggesting that the surface alkalization is mediated by transport of serosal HCO3- to the epithelial surface.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	47-49
1311273-9	1992	Removal of serosal HCO3-/CO2 decreased surface pH significantly both at the villus apex and at the cryptal area, suggesting that the surface alkalization is mediated by transport of serosal HCO3- to the epithelial surface.	Bicarbonates	190-194	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	47-49
1311273-10	1992	The data suggest that pHi in acid-exposed duodenal mucosa is primarily maintained within physiological range by an HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism, which, at least in part, exerts its action extracellularly by forming an alkaline buffer layer at the epithelial surface.	Bicarbonates	115-122	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	22-25
1311273-11	1992	If adequate serosal (or systemic) HCO3- is not available, a second-line Na(+)-dependent and amiloride-sensitive pHi-regulatory mechanism, presumably an Na+/H+ antiport, becomes the main regulator of pHi.	Bicarbonates	34-38	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	112-115
1410769-3	1992	Anions CN-, SCN-, HCO3-, or PPi induced dissociation of actomyosin when added to acto-S-1 or acto-heavy-meromyosin.	Bicarbonates	18-22	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
1310209-8	1992	In the presence of HCO3-, 34% of the pHi recovery rate was inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 34% by DMA, and 72% by Na+ removal plus DIDS.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
1531734-0	1992	Interaction of atrial natriuretic factor and angiotensin II in proximal HCO3- reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	72-76	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	15-40
1531734-0	1992	Interaction of atrial natriuretic factor and angiotensin II in proximal HCO3- reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	72-76	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	45-59
1531734-4	1992	In the presence of ANG II, a significant increase in HCO3- reabsorption was observed, expressed by a fall in acidification half time from a mean of 4.75 +/- 0.20 (n = 86) to 2.47 +/- 0.18 s (n = 32) in systemically infused rats or to 2.30 +/- 0.15 s (n = 35) in luminally perfused tubules and from 4.57 +/- 0.32 (n = 44) to 2.04 +/- 0.10 s (n = 50) during capillary perfusion.	Bicarbonates	53-57	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	19-25
1531734-6	1992	These studies confirm that ANG II stimulates proximal HCO3- reabsorption and show that ANF alone does not affect this process, but impairs the stimulation caused by ANG II.	Bicarbonates	54-58	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
1539631-7	1992	5) pHi backregulation after an acid load occurred in both the presence and absence of extracellular bicarbonate but not in the absence of extracellular sodium.	Bicarbonates	100-111	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	3-6
1310229-4	1992	At a luminal perfusate [HCO3] of 25 mM, progressive increases in luminal flow rate (5----15----25----40 nl/min) caused progressive increases in pHi.	Bicarbonates	24-28	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	144-147
1596309-2	1992	Human lactoferrin and transferrin are capable of binding several transition metal ions [Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(III), Co(III)] into specific binding sites in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	170-181	transferrin	Homo sapiens	22-33
1596309-2	1992	Human lactoferrin and transferrin are capable of binding several transition metal ions [Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(III), Co(III)] into specific binding sites in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	170-181	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	91-94
1596309-2	1992	Human lactoferrin and transferrin are capable of binding several transition metal ions [Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(III), Co(III)] into specific binding sites in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	170-181	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	108-111
1596309-2	1992	Human lactoferrin and transferrin are capable of binding several transition metal ions [Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(III), Co(III)] into specific binding sites in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	170-181	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	114-121
1292337-1	1992	We studied the upregulation of the intracellular glycoprotein Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR3) on monocytes and granulocytes during 36 bicarbonate hemodialyses in 12 patients who were randomly treated with Cuprophan (Cu), Hemophan (He) or Polysulfone (PS; low-flux) membranes.	Bicarbonates	126-137	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	62-67
1547661-5	1992	In unstimulated cells, it was found that basal pHi in the presence of HCO3- is 7.26, significantly greater than pHi in its absence, 7.09 (P less than 10(-6].	Bicarbonates	70-74	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1463285-0	1992	Mechanisms of neurotensin effects on pancreatic and duodenal bicarbonate secretion in the rat.	Bicarbonates	61-72	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	14-25
1733231-6	1992	Recovery of pHi was also aided by HCO3(-)-dependent and DIDS-sensitive mechanisms not seen in the resting cell.	Bicarbonates	34-38	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
1310007-10	1992	By monitoring pHi changes upon Cl- removal and re-addition, the pH-dependence and sensitivity to SITS were found to differ for the alkalinizing and the acidifying Cl-/HCO3- exchangers.	Bicarbonates	167-171	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	14-17
1547661-6	1992	These results, as well as evidence that pHi increases rapidly when HCO3- is added to cells initially incubated in HCO3(-)-free medium, indicate that unstimulated cells use a HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism to maintain cytoplasmic pH.	Bicarbonates	67-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
1547661-6	1992	These results, as well as evidence that pHi increases rapidly when HCO3- is added to cells initially incubated in HCO3(-)-free medium, indicate that unstimulated cells use a HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism to maintain cytoplasmic pH.	Bicarbonates	114-118	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
1547661-6	1992	These results, as well as evidence that pHi increases rapidly when HCO3- is added to cells initially incubated in HCO3(-)-free medium, indicate that unstimulated cells use a HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism to maintain cytoplasmic pH.	Bicarbonates	114-118	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
1348475-5	1992	Vasoactive intestinal peptide infusion increased bicarbonate concentration and output, whereas somatostatin had the opposite effect.	Bicarbonates	49-60	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-29
1313318-10	1992	It was concluded that acetate dialysis directly activates peripheral blood monocytes to produce IL-1, PGE2, and LTB4, whereas bicarbonate induced TNF activation occurs through endotoxins.	Bicarbonates	126-137	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	146-149
12106376-2	1992	The steady-state pHi was estimated as 7.27 +/- 0.25 in bicarbonate-buffered media and 7.49 +/- 0.35 in HEPES-buffered media.	Bicarbonates	55-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
12106376-11	1992	These results are best explained by the existence of three independent pHi regulatory mechanisms: Na+/H+ exchange, Na+/HCO3- cotransport and Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	119-123	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
1727759-5	1992	Dose-dependent increases in pancreatic exocrine secretion of water and bicarbonate were observed with IV infusion of neurotensin or secretin; however, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin abolished this response.	Bicarbonates	71-82	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	117-128
1727759-8	1992	It is concluded that intact prostaglandin synthesis is necessary for the actions of neurotensin and secretin (but not that of cholecystokinin) on pancreatic exocrine secretion of water and bicarbonate and for neurotensin- (but not cholecystokinin-) stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide.	Bicarbonates	189-200	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	84-95
1729270-9	1992	CONCLUSIONS: (1) osmolality is a factor capable of regulating renal tubule bicarbonate absorption; (2) hypertonicity produced with NaCl, urea, or mannitol markedly inhibits bicarbonate absorption in the MTAL; (3) this inhibition occurs independent of, and is additive to, inhibition by vasopressin.	Bicarbonates	173-184	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	286-297
1763965-9	1991	The loss of CO2 from blood during sample preparation in the clinical laboratory may fully account for the increase in calculated pK1" and may explain why measured venous rather than arterial total CO2 more closely matches the arterial blood gas calculated HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	256-260	prokineticin 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
1729270-1	1992	UNLABELLED: Previously we demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) directly inhibits bicarbonate absorption (JHCO3, pmol/min per mm) in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the rat.	Bicarbonates	89-100	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
1729270-1	1992	UNLABELLED: Previously we demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) directly inhibits bicarbonate absorption (JHCO3, pmol/min per mm) in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the rat.	Bicarbonates	89-100	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
1335564-4	1992	Resting pHi was 7.25 +/- 0.03 (n = 18) in bicarbonate solution at pH 7.4.	Bicarbonates	42-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	8-11
1335564-8	1992	Removal of HCO3- from the bathing solution caused a nonsignificant acidification of pHi by 0.1 U at 2 and 4 min, and 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS; 1 mM) acidified pHi by 0.14 U at 2 min and 0.24 U at 4 min.	Bicarbonates	11-15	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	84-87
1335564-8	1992	Removal of HCO3- from the bathing solution caused a nonsignificant acidification of pHi by 0.1 U at 2 and 4 min, and 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS; 1 mM) acidified pHi by 0.14 U at 2 min and 0.24 U at 4 min.	Bicarbonates	11-15	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	189-192
1335564-11	1992	These results indicate that a Na+:H+ antiport exists that regulates pHi even at normal ambient pH in the presence of bicarbonate: this process becomes highly activated after an acid load.	Bicarbonates	117-128	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	68-71
1377040-4	1992	Thus an extracellular CA is involved in regulating interstitial pH in brain, and the stimulation-induced alkaline transients are caused by net influx of CO2 into CA1 neurons in response to efflux of bicarbonate across postsynaptic GABAA receptor channels.	Bicarbonates	199-210	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Bicarbonates	181-192	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Bicarbonates	181-192	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	167-170
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Bicarbonates	310-321	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Bicarbonates	310-321	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	75-104
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Bicarbonates	310-321	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Bicarbonates	310-321	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	75-104
1659220-6	1991	In the presence of HCO3-, reexposure to Na+ hyperpolarized cells by -14 +/- 5 mV and increased pHi at a rate of 0.133 +/- 0.11 units/min; both the hyperpolarization and alkalinization were inhibited by SITS but unaffected by amiloride.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
1822566-10	1991	Changes in PCO2 at constant pHo (i.e. simultaneously changing HCO3-) caused rapid transient changes in pHi but did not significantly affect steady-state pHi over the range 1-10% CO2.	Bicarbonates	62-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
1822566-12	1991	When PCO2 was held constant (5%), changing HCO3- and thus pHo (i.e. a simulated metabolic acidosis/alkalosis) led to much slower changes in pHi (t0.5 approximately 1 min).	Bicarbonates	43-47	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
1822566-14	1991	Therefore, over the range of pHo, PCO2 and [HCO3-]o tested, steady-state pHi appeared to be a unique function of pHo and independent of PCO2 and [HCO3-]o.	Bicarbonates	44-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
1822566-19	1991	The close correlation between the effects of changing pHo, PCO2 and [HCO3-]o on pHi and on CSN discharge suggests that a change in type-I cell pHi is the first step in the chemoreception of blood pH by the carotid body.	Bicarbonates	69-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
1822566-19	1991	The close correlation between the effects of changing pHo, PCO2 and [HCO3-]o on pHi and on CSN discharge suggests that a change in type-I cell pHi is the first step in the chemoreception of blood pH by the carotid body.	Bicarbonates	69-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
1822566-2	1991	The effects of changing PCO2 extracellular pH (pHo) and HCO3- on intracellular pH (pHi) were studied in isolated neonatal rat type-I carotid body cells using the pH-sensitive fluoroprobe, carboxy-SNARF-1.	Bicarbonates	56-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
1822566-4	1991	Simulated respiratory acidosis and alkalosis (i.e. changes in PCO2 at constant HCO3-) led to rapid (half-time t0.5 = 3 s) monotonic changes in pHi.	Bicarbonates	79-83	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
1952138-7	1991	At a slight increase in carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) of 4 +/- 1 mm Hg, pH decreased in arterial blood from 7.54 +/- 0.01 to 7.47 +/- 0.02 mmol/L, and standard bicarbonate decreased from 30.3 +/- 0.5 to 27.5 +/- 0.6 mmol/L.	Bicarbonates	160-171	PCO2	Sus scrofa	48-52
1951706-6	1991	These data suggest that, although ANG II can importantly influence vascular tone and early proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption, it does not have an important role in the renal maintenance or correction of acute CDA.	Bicarbonates	107-118	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
1951675-3	1991	Under relatively alkaline conditions [intracellular pH (pHi) greater than or equal to 7.10 and pHo greater than or equal to 7.40], the cell"s natural Cl(-)HCO3- exchanger mimicked the actions of the tributyltin compound and was the principal factor controlling steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	155-159	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	56-59
1951675-5	1991	Exposure of neutrophils to a number of inhibitors of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange led to a fall in pHi, apparently confirming the impression that a net HCO3- influx through Cl(-)-HCO3- countertransport was chiefly responsible for maintaining steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	59-63	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	91-94
1951675-5	1991	Exposure of neutrophils to a number of inhibitors of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange led to a fall in pHi, apparently confirming the impression that a net HCO3- influx through Cl(-)-HCO3- countertransport was chiefly responsible for maintaining steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	144-148	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	247-250
1951675-5	1991	Exposure of neutrophils to a number of inhibitors of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange led to a fall in pHi, apparently confirming the impression that a net HCO3- influx through Cl(-)-HCO3- countertransport was chiefly responsible for maintaining steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	144-148	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	247-250
1951675-7	1991	These results imply that Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange is the dominant pH regulatory device only under relatively alkaline conditions and that other mechanisms in addition to Na(+)-H+ exchange are likely to play an important role in recovery from acidification and in maintaining steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	284-287
1824186-0	1991	Effect of YM-14673, an analogue of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in the rat.	Bicarbonates	78-89	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	35-64
1822524-7	1991	DIDS-sensitive Cd2+ uptake required the presence of external HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	61-66	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	15-18
1658050-3	1991	Na/H antiporter activity was increased by 60% in a mouse renal cortical tubule cell line (MCT), and by 90% in an opossum kidney cell line (OKP) after 24 h of preincubation in acid (low [HCO3]) media.	Bicarbonates	186-190	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	0-15
1658050-5	1991	In MCT cells, Na/H antiporter mRNA abundance measured by RNA blots increased by two- to fivefold after 24 h in low [HCO3] media.	Bicarbonates	116-120	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	14-29
1822524-8	1991	HCO3- ions had a biphasic effect on Cd2+ uptake.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	36-39
1822524-11	1991	Depending on the presence or absence of external Cl-, a maximal Cd2+ uptake of 1.7 or 0.37 mmol (l cells)-1 h-1 was observed at bicarbonate concentrations of 15.6 or 11 mM respectively.	Bicarbonates	128-139	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	64-67
1822524-13	1991	In the presence of bicarbonate, external Cl- ions strongly stimulated Cd2+ uptake, with linear increase between 70 and 125 mM.	Bicarbonates	19-30	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	70-73
1792500-10	1991	Reabsorption of water and electrolytes in the bile ducts and in the gallbladder, and secretion of bicarbonate by the bile ducts, stimulated by secretin.	Bicarbonates	98-109	secretin	Homo sapiens	143-151
1805454-1	1991	Alteration of the extracellular anion environment by replacement of chloride ions (Cl-) with thiocyanate ions (SCN-) in normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (NKRB) induced sustained development of basal tension in isolated aortas from male adult Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats, but not from females of these strains.	Bicarbonates	140-151	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
1796181-5	1991	CCK appears to be directly responsible for the protein and also water response to duodenal infusion of oleic acid, and to be indirectly involved in bicarbonate stimulation.	Bicarbonates	148-159	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
1909891-2	1991	This particular mutant of CAII exhibits CO2 hydrase activity that is comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme with a 2-fold stabilization of the E.HCO3- complex and esterase activity that is 4-fold greater than that of the wild-type enzyme.	Bicarbonates	149-153	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
1947769-2	1991	The effect of infusion of secretin alone or in combination with cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic, hepatic, and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion was studied in anaesthetized pigs.	Bicarbonates	131-142	cholecystokinin	Sus scrofa	81-84
1947769-5	1991	During infusion of secretin in doses that caused physiologic increases in plasma secretin concentrations the liver produced significantly more bicarbonate than the pancreas.	Bicarbonates	143-154	secretin	Sus scrofa	19-27
1947769-5	1991	During infusion of secretin in doses that caused physiologic increases in plasma secretin concentrations the liver produced significantly more bicarbonate than the pancreas.	Bicarbonates	143-154	secretin	Sus scrofa	81-89
1947769-6	1991	A physiologic dose of CCK augmented the effect of secretin on both hepatic and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, but the hepatic production of bicarbonate was still larger than the pancreatic production.	Bicarbonates	90-101	cholecystokinin	Sus scrofa	22-25
1947769-6	1991	A physiologic dose of CCK augmented the effect of secretin on both hepatic and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, but the hepatic production of bicarbonate was still larger than the pancreatic production.	Bicarbonates	90-101	secretin	Sus scrofa	50-58
1947769-6	1991	A physiologic dose of CCK augmented the effect of secretin on both hepatic and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, but the hepatic production of bicarbonate was still larger than the pancreatic production.	Bicarbonates	143-154	cholecystokinin	Sus scrofa	22-25
1947769-0	1991	Pancreatic, hepatic, and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion during infusion of secretin and cholecystokinin.	Bicarbonates	42-53	secretin	Sus scrofa	83-91
1947769-2	1991	The effect of infusion of secretin alone or in combination with cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic, hepatic, and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion was studied in anaesthetized pigs.	Bicarbonates	131-142	secretin	Sus scrofa	26-34
1961691-5	1991	This method was used to monitor transient changes in intracellular pH caused either by addition and removal of NH4Cl or by changing perfusate CO2 and HCO3- concentrations while keeping their ratio constant.	Bicarbonates	150-154	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	67-69
1894615-2	1991	We found that this recovery is mediated by sodium-independent bicarbonate/chloride exchange: intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from alkaline load is inhibited by the anion exchange inhibitor 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid, lack of bicarbonate, or lack of chloride.	Bicarbonates	62-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
1894615-2	1991	We found that this recovery is mediated by sodium-independent bicarbonate/chloride exchange: intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from alkaline load is inhibited by the anion exchange inhibitor 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid, lack of bicarbonate, or lack of chloride.	Bicarbonates	242-253	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
1894615-8	1991	This bicarbonate/chloride exchanger appears to be the sole pHi-regulatory mechanism in the two-cell stage mouse embryo, since our previous results have shown that there are apparently no specific mechanisms active in these cells for relieving acid loads.	Bicarbonates	5-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	59-62
1742343-5	1991	Maximum velocity (Vmax) for Cl influx or HCO3 efflux was 80-110 mM/min at pHi 7.6-7.8, and the Km for extracellular concentrations of Cl (Clo) was 25 mM; in the physiological range (pHi 7.1-7.3), Vmax for anion fluxes was approximately 50 mM/min.	Bicarbonates	41-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	74-77
1906751-13	1991	The similar response to CA inhibition in CAD mice suggests that CA-IV, the membrane bound isoenzyme is the important isoenzyme in proximal tubule HCO3- reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	146-150	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	64-69
1830889-3	1991	Under control conditions (Na HCO3- = 13 mM, perfusion rate approximately 17 nl/min-1) net bicarbonate transport (JHCO3-) was unsaturated, flow- and concentration-dependent, and increased linearly until a bicarbonate load of 1,400 pmol.min-1 was reached.	Bicarbonates	90-101	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-84
1830889-3	1991	Under control conditions (Na HCO3- = 13 mM, perfusion rate approximately 17 nl/min-1) net bicarbonate transport (JHCO3-) was unsaturated, flow- and concentration-dependent, and increased linearly until a bicarbonate load of 1,400 pmol.min-1 was reached.	Bicarbonates	90-101	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	235-240
1648965-5	1991	Since titrations of diferric transferrin produce no difference UV spectrum, it is proposed that the primary binding site for phosphonic acids includes the protein groups that bind the synergistic bicarbonate anion that is required for formation of a stable ferric transferrin complex.	Bicarbonates	196-213	transferrin	Homo sapiens	264-275
1911837-6	1991	Bicarbonate and chloride were found to be competitive inhibitors of the AE1 specific 14NO3- line-broadening (94 +/- 6% and 101 +/- 3% inhibition, respectively).	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-75
1911837-7	1991	Based on the concentration dependence of inhibition and using a model of competitive inhibition, the KD of bicarbonate binding to AE1 was estimated to be 5.4 +/- 1.3 mM.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	130-133
1911837-8	1991	Nitrate is a structural analog of bicarbonate, making the interaction of nitrate with AE1 a good model for the bicarbonate-AE1 interaction.	Bicarbonates	34-45	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	86-89
1911837-8	1991	Nitrate is a structural analog of bicarbonate, making the interaction of nitrate with AE1 a good model for the bicarbonate-AE1 interaction.	Bicarbonates	34-45	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	123-126
1911837-8	1991	Nitrate is a structural analog of bicarbonate, making the interaction of nitrate with AE1 a good model for the bicarbonate-AE1 interaction.	Bicarbonates	111-122	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	86-89
1911837-8	1991	Nitrate is a structural analog of bicarbonate, making the interaction of nitrate with AE1 a good model for the bicarbonate-AE1 interaction.	Bicarbonates	111-122	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	123-126
1911837-9	1991	The 14N-NMR nitrate binding assay, along with the 35Cl-NMR binding assay now in use, will provide a powerful tool for studying the structure of the AE1 binding site for both physiologic substrates, bicarbonate and chloride.	Bicarbonates	198-209	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	148-151
1864951-4	1991	Addition of 5 x 10(-9) M and 5 x 10(-8) M IGF-I, but not 5 x 10(-10) M IGF-I, to the bathing solution resulted in an increase (12-15%) in phosphate transport, but no change in volume absorption or bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	197-208	insulin-like growth factor I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-47
1914248-6	1991	The concentration of bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice induced by neurotensin was increased, but the protein concentration was scarcely changed.	Bicarbonates	21-32	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	68-79
2061329-2	1991	Secretin is a 27-amino acid gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic fluid.	Bicarbonates	86-97	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
2065051-11	1991	The HCO3- and pyridine-2-thiolate ions form Co(II)-R6 adducts that are proposed to possess pentacoordinate Co(II) geometries.	Bicarbonates	4-8	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	44-50
2065051-11	1991	The HCO3- and pyridine-2-thiolate ions form Co(II)-R6 adducts that are proposed to possess pentacoordinate Co(II) geometries.	Bicarbonates	4-8	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	107-113
1646711-1	1991	Secretin is a 27 amino acid peptide which stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate, enzymes and potassium ion from the pancreas.	Bicarbonates	70-81	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
1647688-6	1991	Luminal Na-H exchange was assayed by monitoring changes in pHi (dpHi/dt) in response to luminal Na+ removal in HCO3- free condition.	Bicarbonates	111-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-62
2066803-0	1991	Effect of bicarbonate on stability of the gallium-transferrin complex.	Bicarbonates	10-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
2058696-0	1991	Na(+)-HCO3- symport modulates intracellular pH in alveolar epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	6-10	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	44-46
2058696-5	1991	In parallel experiments, cells were incubated at pH 7.4 with 20 mM HCO3- and pHi acutely lowered by NH3 prepulse.	Bicarbonates	67-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	49-51
2043666-10	1991	Reconstituting serum by adding back the dialysate restores release to levels seen in fresh serum, suggesting that low molecular weight serum components, notably bicarbonate, mediate iron transfer from the basolateral membrane to serum transferrin.	Bicarbonates	161-172	transferrin	Mus musculus	235-246
1889688-5	1991	Additionally the increased blood flow may be associated with the previous findings of increased synthesis of prostaglandins, gastric mucus and bicarbonate secretion by CBS.	Bicarbonates	143-154	cystathionine beta synthase	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
1851745-0	1991	Effect of pH and bicarbonate on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glutaminase mRNA levels in cultured renal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	17-28	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	70-81
1851745-12	1991	The use of actinomycin D to measure the half-lives of PCK and GA mRNAs at pH 7.4 and 6.9 indicates that stabilization may fully account for the induction of GA mRNA and contributes to the inductive effects of decreased pH and/or bicarbonate on PCK mRNA.	Bicarbonates	229-240	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	62-64
1851745-12	1991	The use of actinomycin D to measure the half-lives of PCK and GA mRNAs at pH 7.4 and 6.9 indicates that stabilization may fully account for the induction of GA mRNA and contributes to the inductive effects of decreased pH and/or bicarbonate on PCK mRNA.	Bicarbonates	229-240	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	157-159
1851745-16	1991	Thus, the induction of PCK and GA mRNAs during acidosis is initiated in direct response to a decrease in extracellular pH and/or bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	129-140	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	31-33
1650936-3	1991	In a solution containing 22 mM HCO3-, muscimol produced a reversible, concentration-dependent fall in pHi with a maximum of about 0.1-0.15 units.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
1914146-11	1991	These results indicate that both Na+ and HCO3- are directly related to pHi recovery in HCO3-/CO2 solution after acid-load.	Bicarbonates	41-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	71-74
1914146-11	1991	These results indicate that both Na+ and HCO3- are directly related to pHi recovery in HCO3-/CO2 solution after acid-load.	Bicarbonates	87-91	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	71-74
1914146-4	1991	Cultures exposed to HCO3-/CO2 HBSS (10 mM/2%) showed changes in pHi in the opposite direction.	Bicarbonates	20-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	64-67
1914146-8	1991	Therefore, Na(+)-H+ exchange is the major process for pHi recovery from acidification in HCO3- -free solution.	Bicarbonates	89-93	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	54-57
1914146-9	1991	In HCO3-/CO2 HBSS pHi recovery was markedly inhibited by SITS and acetazolamide, but not by amiloride, ouabain, or bumetanide.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	18-21
2061847-2	1991	The role of chloride and bicarbonate in the control of intracellular pH (pHi) was assessed in segments of rat mesenteric resistance arteries (internal diameter about 200 microns) by measurements of chloride efflux with 36Cl-, of pHi with the pH-sensitive dye 2",7"-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) and of membrane potential with intracellular electrodes.	Bicarbonates	25-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
1650936-4	1991	The muscimol-induced fall in pHi was antagonized by an increase in the external K+ concentration, which suggest that the acidosis is an immediate consequence of a net efflux of HCO3- through GABAA receptor channels rather than an indirect effect caused by a change in membrane potential.	Bicarbonates	177-181	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
2035650-7	1991	4,4"-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS) inhibited these pHi responses to a reduction of bath HCO3-, Cl-, or Na+, and an alkali loading.	Bicarbonates	109-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	72-75
2022727-5	1991	Decreased PCO2 results in increased pHi associated with activation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange and partial recovery of pHi.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	36-39
2061847-12	1991	By contrast, in the presence of bicarbonate, omission of chloride caused an increase in pHi but no change in 36Cl- efflux.	Bicarbonates	32-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
2061847-13	1991	Furthermore, the anion transport inhibitor 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS) inhibited the increase in pHi seen in the presence of bicarbonate and reduced the 36Cl- efflux in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	156-167	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
2061847-13	1991	Furthermore, the anion transport inhibitor 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS) inhibited the increase in pHi seen in the presence of bicarbonate and reduced the 36Cl- efflux in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	216-227	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
1645273-4	1991	In CO2/HCO3- Ringer"s, npe pHi = 7.09 +/- 0.11.	Bicarbonates	7-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-30
1826816-6	1991	The BNP-stimulated S----M Cl flux was abolished when HCO3 was removed.	Bicarbonates	53-57	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	4-7
1826816-9	1991	BNP-stimulated Rb secretion was reduced by 76% after HCO3 replacement.	Bicarbonates	53-57	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	0-3
1645273-5	1991	Replacement of CO2/HCO3- by Hepes increased pHi by 0.22 +/- 0.02, indicating alkali secretory activity under the bicarbonate-rich conditions.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-47
1645273-5	1991	Replacement of CO2/HCO3- by Hepes increased pHi by 0.22 +/- 0.02, indicating alkali secretory activity under the bicarbonate-rich conditions.	Bicarbonates	113-124	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-47
1645273-10	1991	In Cl(-)-free media pHi reached 7.8-8.0, a condition under which intracellular [HCO3-] is at least twice as high as its extracellular value.	Bicarbonates	80-85	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	20-23
2007369-4	1991	The pancreatic bicarbonate and volume outputs correlated with the dosage of HCl administered and with the elevations in plasma secretin concentrations.	Bicarbonates	15-26	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	127-135
1711091-2	1991	In the presence of 30 mmol l-1 HCO3- (pH 7.4), application of GABA (0.5 mmol l-1) produced a mean fall in pHi of 0.26 units.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	106-109
1705906-5	1991	The excitatory junction potential potentiated by substance P receptor antagonism was associated with a decrease in membrane resistance, increased in amplitude with conditioning hyperpolarizations to the estimated equilibrium potential for K+, and was blocked by the Cl-/HCO3- exchange inhibitor DIDS or prolonged perfusion with low-chloride solution.	Bicarbonates	270-274	substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus	49-69
2000951-2	1991	Perfusion of ANG II (10(-6) M) to peritubular capillaries caused a reduction of both fluid and HCO3- transport (Jv and JHCO3-, respectively) by 33 and 26%, respectively.	Bicarbonates	95-99	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
1711091-9	1991	All these observations support the conclusion that the GABA-induced fall in pHi is due to a net efflux of HCO3- through the inhibitory anion channels.	Bicarbonates	106-110	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	76-79
1671673-2	1991	The multifunctional protein CAD catalyzes the first three steps in pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells, including the synthesis of carbamyl phosphate from bicarbonate, MgATP and glutamine.	Bicarbonates	162-173	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase	Homo sapiens	4-31
1886888-7	1991	In a group of four dogs with pancreatic fistulas, intravenous infusion of CCK potentiated the stimulatory effect of secretin on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	139-150	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	116-124
1886888-8	1991	The stimulatory effect as well as potentiating effect of CCK on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion was blocked by infusion of proglumide.	Bicarbonates	75-86	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	57-60
1886888-9	1991	We conclude that endogenous CCK plays a significant role in fat-stimulated pancreatic secretion, and it is apparent that both endogenous CCK and secretin are equally important for stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, which results from potentiation of the action of the two hormones.	Bicarbonates	206-217	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	145-153
2005571-0	1991	Stimulation of gastric bicarbonate secretion by an analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, YM-14673, in the rat.	Bicarbonates	23-34	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	61-90
2005571-7	1991	These results suggest that YM-14673, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog, produced vagally mediated HCO3- secretion in the rat stomach, and the mechanism may involve the cholinergic system, which is mediated with muscarinic M2 receptors and interacts with endogenous prostaglandins.	Bicarbonates	103-107	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	39-68
1886888-0	1991	Role of cholecystokinin in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in dogs.	Bicarbonates	38-49	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	8-23
1886888-3	1991	Increase in pancreatic secretion of both bicarbonate and protein was accompanied by the increase in plasma CCK concentration.	Bicarbonates	41-52	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	107-110
1886888-4	1991	However, the increase in bicarbonate as well as protein secretion was blocked by proglumide, a CCK antagonist, given intravenously.	Bicarbonates	25-36	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	95-98
1886888-6	1991	These observations indicate that endogenous CCK plays an important role in secretion of both bicarbonate and protein stimulated by digested corn oil.	Bicarbonates	93-104	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	44-47
1886888-7	1991	In a group of four dogs with pancreatic fistulas, intravenous infusion of CCK potentiated the stimulatory effect of secretin on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	139-150	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	74-77
1847131-2	1991	Resting pHi was dependent on the presence of bicarbonate and external Na+ but was not altered significantly by removal of Cl- or treatment with the anion exchange inhibitor diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonate.	Bicarbonates	45-56	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
1899208-5	1991	A simultaneous determination of arterial blood HCO3 concentration allowed pHi to be calculated using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.	Bicarbonates	47-51	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	74-77
1846421-8	1991	These results suggest that PKC and intracellular calcium play a critical role in mediating the biphasic effect of Ang II on bicarbonate and sodium transport in PCT.	Bicarbonates	124-135	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
1989762-7	1991	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Gastric pHi was calculated from the arterial (HCO3-) and the tonometrically determined intraluminal PCO2 using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.	Bicarbonates	77-81	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	39-42
1989762-11	1991	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that intraluminal production of CO2 from the titration of gastric HCO3- by secreted H+ can result in the underestimation of gastric pHi by tonometry.	Bicarbonates	98-102	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	164-167
1987775-3	1991	Both the Cl- efflux and intracellular pH (pHi) transient are dependent on extracellular HCO3- and are sensitive to inhibition by SITS and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate, which block anion exchange, thereby indicating that these processes are due to the countertransport of internal Cl- for external HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	88-92	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	42-45
1987775-3	1991	Both the Cl- efflux and intracellular pH (pHi) transient are dependent on extracellular HCO3- and are sensitive to inhibition by SITS and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate, which block anion exchange, thereby indicating that these processes are due to the countertransport of internal Cl- for external HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	299-303	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	42-45
1987775-5	1991	The relationship to pHi follows a Hill equation with pK" approximately 7.40 and Hill coefficient of 3.3, thereby suggesting that approximately 3 HCO3- may be required to bind to the modifier site.	Bicarbonates	145-149	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	20-23
1846421-1	1991	Our previous studies have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) has a dose-dependent biphasic effect on bicarbonate and sodium transport and 4-beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate can simulate the stimulatory effect of Ang II on Na+/H+ exchange in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) of the rat kidney.	Bicarbonates	101-112	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	37-51
1849960-10	1991	The internal half-saturation constant, Ki1/2 mM is: MM fit (C(i) = 6-100 mM, C(o) = 50 mM), 18.0 mM (HCO3-) and 23.8 mM (Cl-); MS fit (C(i) = 6-920 mM, C(o) = 50 mM), 32.0 mM (HCO3-) and 45.1 mM (Cl-).	Bicarbonates	101-105	TNF receptor superfamily member 8	Homo sapiens	39-44
1849960-10	1991	The internal half-saturation constant, Ki1/2 mM is: MM fit (C(i) = 6-100 mM, C(o) = 50 mM), 18.0 mM (HCO3-) and 23.8 mM (Cl-); MS fit (C(i) = 6-920 mM, C(o) = 50 mM), 32.0 mM (HCO3-) and 45.1 mM (Cl-).	Bicarbonates	176-180	TNF receptor superfamily member 8	Homo sapiens	39-44
1849960-13	1991	The MM fit shows that the symmetric half-saturation constant, Ks1/2, is 20.2 (HCO-3) and 23.9 (Cl-) mM, and J(eff,s)max is 0.51 (HCO3-) and 0.32 (Cl-) nmol/(cm2.s).	Bicarbonates	129-133	zinc finger protein 382	Homo sapiens	62-67
1849960-14	1991	The MS fit shows that for C = 5-700 mM Ks1/2 is 30.4 nM (HCO3-) and 50.1 mM (Cl-), and Ki is 541 mM (HCO3-) and 392 mM (Cl-).	Bicarbonates	57-61	zinc finger protein 382	Homo sapiens	39-44
1849960-14	1991	The MS fit shows that for C = 5-700 mM Ks1/2 is 30.4 nM (HCO3-) and 50.1 mM (Cl-), and Ki is 541 mM (HCO3-) and 392 mM (Cl-).	Bicarbonates	101-105	zinc finger protein 382	Homo sapiens	39-44
1846421-1	1991	Our previous studies have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) has a dose-dependent biphasic effect on bicarbonate and sodium transport and 4-beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate can simulate the stimulatory effect of Ang II on Na+/H+ exchange in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) of the rat kidney.	Bicarbonates	101-112	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	53-59
1986182-4	1991	Increases in [Ca2+]c produced by Ang II in cells continuously maintained in either HCO3(-) - or HEPES-buffered media were similar, and with the same monolayer the nature of the Ang II-stimulated Ca2+ signal was independent of the buffer employed.	Bicarbonates	83-90	ANG	Bos taurus	33-36
2253346-0	1990	Kinetic measurement of bicarbonate in serum by thiocyanate inhibition of wheat germ phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	23-34	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Triticum aestivum	84-115
1759047-6	1991	PP infusion decreased bicarbonate secretion in the intact gland by 47% and in the denervated pancreas by 57%.	Bicarbonates	22-33	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	0-2
1823674-3	1991	It was shown that attachment and spreading of cells in a bicarbonate-containing media without serum produced elevation of pHi from 6.7 to 7.1 but did not provide such an alkalization value for times greater than the lag period of cell growth.	Bicarbonates	57-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	122-125
2006391-5	1991	Although secretin did not increase the concentration, bicarbonate output increased threefold during secretin infusion but only twofold during VIP infusion.	Bicarbonates	54-65	secretin	Homo sapiens	100-108
2253346-1	1990	We describe a kinetic enzymic method for serum bicarbonate analysis, using wheat germ phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) coupled through oxaloacetate reduction with NADH in the presence of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37).	Bicarbonates	47-58	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Triticum aestivum	86-117
1704124-3	1990	Potentiation (more-than-additive response) was observed between secretin and cerulein for bicarbonate secretion, but not for enzyme secretion.	Bicarbonates	90-101	secretin	Homo sapiens	64-72
2074719-4	1990	Output of both pH and HCO3- in these tissues was significantly increased by intravenous administration of prostaglandin (PGE2), 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2, carbachol, and YM-14673 (a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog), whereas the PD responded to these agents by a significant rise in the duodenum and decrease in the stomach.	Bicarbonates	22-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	177-206
2172243-6	1990	When BAEC were bathed in HCO3- buffer, removal of extracellular CO2/bicarbonate caused pHi to increase and also induced [Ca2+]i to increase transiently.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	87-90
2172243-6	1990	When BAEC were bathed in HCO3- buffer, removal of extracellular CO2/bicarbonate caused pHi to increase and also induced [Ca2+]i to increase transiently.	Bicarbonates	68-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	87-90
2210251-11	1990	Secretin caused an increase in bile flow and bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	45-56	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
2273154-3	1990	Somatotropin decreased blood pH and buffer capacity by decreasing bicarbonate without affecting blood partial pressures of oxygen or carbon dioxide.	Bicarbonates	66-77	somatotropin	Bos taurus	0-12
2221911-5	1990	Doubling the physiological concentration of bicarbonate restored the dependence of glucose synthesis on pyruvate concentration and partly, but not completely, alleviated the inhibitory effect of AZ and BZ, leading to the conclusion that AZ and BZ influence gluconeogenesis by affecting enzymes in addition to CA V.	Bicarbonates	44-55	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	309-313
2171349-2	1990	Basal pHi of HEC incubated in a bicarbonate-free Na+ medium was 6.99 +/- 0.03.	Bicarbonates	32-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	6-9
2145772-1	1990	We have previously shown that cytoplasmic pH (pHi) recovery in pulmonary macrophages, under nominally HCO3(-)-free conditions, after acute intracellular acidification is Na+ and amiloride insensitive and is blocked by nonspecific proton adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) inhibitors N-ethyl-maleimide and N,N"-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide [Am.	Bicarbonates	102-107	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	46-49
2120700-10	1990	We conclude that the apical CA IV is the luminal CA responsible for bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the thick ascending limb in the rat kidney.	Bicarbonates	68-79	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
1977382-5	1990	Bicarbonate and iodide blocked the binding of GP 130 to the SITS-affinity resin, showing that GP 130 has an anion-binding site.	Bicarbonates	0-11	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Sus scrofa	46-52
1977382-5	1990	Bicarbonate and iodide blocked the binding of GP 130 to the SITS-affinity resin, showing that GP 130 has an anion-binding site.	Bicarbonates	0-11	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Sus scrofa	94-100
2170052-2	1990	We investigated in a physiological salt solution (PSS) containing HCO3- the intracellular pH (pHi) regulating mechanisms in smooth muscle cells cultured from human internal mammary arteries, using the pH-sensitive dye 2",7"-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) and 22Na+ influx rates.	Bicarbonates	66-70	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	94-97
2170052-3	1990	The recovery of pHi from an equivalent intracellular acidosis was more rapid when the cells were incubated in CO2/HCO3(-)-buffered PSS than in HEPES-buffered PSS.	Bicarbonates	114-118	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	16-19
2170052-10	1990	Taken together, the results indicate that Na+/H+ exchange and a previously undescribed EIPA-sensitive Na(+)- and HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism play an important role in regulating the pHi of human vascular smooth muscle.	Bicarbonates	113-117	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	182-185
2172615-4	1990	Angiotensin II also appears to regulate bicarbonate transport, especially in the S1 segment.	Bicarbonates	40-51	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-14
2172967-1	1990	Angiotensin II (AII) is a potent stimulus for HCO3- reabsorption in the rat proximal tubule in vivo.	Bicarbonates	46-50	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
2172967-1	1990	Angiotensin II (AII) is a potent stimulus for HCO3- reabsorption in the rat proximal tubule in vivo.	Bicarbonates	46-50	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
2172967-5	1990	We found that basolateral administration of 1 nM AII not only increased the rate of luminal Na(+)-H+ exchange approximately 3.5-fold but also increased the rate of basolateral Na+/HCO3- cotransport approximately 2.5-fold.	Bicarbonates	180-184	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
2172967-8	1990	Our data thus indicate that, at least under the conditions of our assay, AII independently stimulates the transporters responsible for both the luminal and basolateral steps of transepithelial HCO3- reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	193-197	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
2120700-11	1990	These studies also suggest that CA IV plays a role in bicarbonate transport across the basolateral plasma membrane in these two segments of the rat nephron.	Bicarbonates	54-65	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
2118725-5	1990	Pretreatment with A23187 (+/- PMA) attenuated by approximately one-third the bicarbonate absorptive response in the S1 PCT usually observed after angiotensin II administration.	Bicarbonates	77-88	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	146-160
2290605-2	1990	In bicarbonate-buffered saline pHi was 7.05 and in HEPES-buffered saline 6.68.	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	31-34
2169196-0	1990	pH regulation and response to AVP in A10 cells differ markedly in the presence vs. absence of CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	98-102	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	30-33
2169196-2	1990	Steady-state pHi averaged 7.04 +/- 0.02 in the absence and 7.25 +/- 0.01 in the presence of CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	96-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	13-16
2169196-7	1990	Both amiloride- and DIDS-sensitive processes regulated steady-state pHi in CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	79-83	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	68-71
2169196-8	1990	AVP (10(-7) M) alkalinized steady-state pHi in the absence of CO2-HCO3- (delta pHi = 0.08 +/- 0.01 pH units) by stimulating Na(+)-H+ exchange; however, AVP did not alter pHi of untreated cells in CO2-HCO3- (delta pHi = -0.01 +/- 0.01 pH units) because of concomitant stimulation of Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3-exchange.	Bicarbonates	200-204	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-3
2169196-9	1990	We conclude that the steady-state pHi, the mechanisms of pHi regulation, and the pHi response to AVP in A10 cells are critically influenced by the presence of extracellular CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	177-181	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	34-37
2169196-9	1990	We conclude that the steady-state pHi, the mechanisms of pHi regulation, and the pHi response to AVP in A10 cells are critically influenced by the presence of extracellular CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	177-181	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	57-60
2169196-9	1990	We conclude that the steady-state pHi, the mechanisms of pHi regulation, and the pHi response to AVP in A10 cells are critically influenced by the presence of extracellular CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	177-181	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	57-60
2168155-11	1990	In addition, inadvertent contamination of assay solutions with bicarbonate from atmospheric CO2 may cause artifacts in the determination of activity levels and kinetic constants of FPGS.	Bicarbonates	63-74	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	181-185
2169196-9	1990	We conclude that the steady-state pHi, the mechanisms of pHi regulation, and the pHi response to AVP in A10 cells are critically influenced by the presence of extracellular CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	177-181	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	97-100
2212931-2	1990	PTHrP(1-34) (7 nmol/l), bPTH(1-84) (5.5 nmol/l) and hPTH(1-34) (7 nmol/l) had similar effects in increasing bicarbonate excretion with respect to the control.	Bicarbonates	108-119	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
2212931-3	1990	At lower concentrations (0.7 nmol/l) all PTHrP components, but not hPTH(1-34) or bPTH(1-84) increased bicarbonate excretion significantly.	Bicarbonates	102-113	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
2212931-4	1990	Infusions of PTHrP(1-108) and PTHrP(1-141) at 0.7 nmol/l, while associated with a rise in urinary bicarbonate concentration and excretion during the early stages of perfusion, produced a sharp decline in bicarbonate concentration and excretion in the latter part of perfusion.	Bicarbonates	98-109	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
2212931-4	1990	Infusions of PTHrP(1-108) and PTHrP(1-141) at 0.7 nmol/l, while associated with a rise in urinary bicarbonate concentration and excretion during the early stages of perfusion, produced a sharp decline in bicarbonate concentration and excretion in the latter part of perfusion.	Bicarbonates	98-109	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
2212931-4	1990	Infusions of PTHrP(1-108) and PTHrP(1-141) at 0.7 nmol/l, while associated with a rise in urinary bicarbonate concentration and excretion during the early stages of perfusion, produced a sharp decline in bicarbonate concentration and excretion in the latter part of perfusion.	Bicarbonates	204-215	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
2212931-4	1990	Infusions of PTHrP(1-108) and PTHrP(1-141) at 0.7 nmol/l, while associated with a rise in urinary bicarbonate concentration and excretion during the early stages of perfusion, produced a sharp decline in bicarbonate concentration and excretion in the latter part of perfusion.	Bicarbonates	204-215	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
2127311-3	1990	In control solutions containing 25 mmol/l HCO3 pHi increased initially by 5.0 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) unit/s but after perfusion with CO2/HCO3(-)-free solutions pHi of the same cells increased only by 1.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(-3) unit/s in response to Cl- substitution.	Bicarbonates	42-46	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	47-50
2117398-8	1990	Addition of all agonists except IL-1, EGF, and TPA produced significant transient increases in [Ca2+]i, the magnitudes of which were similar in HCO3- and non-HCO3- buffers.	Bicarbonates	144-148	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
2165485-11	1990	Measurement of pHi changes due to Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport, suggests that the transporter contributes to HCO3- efflux under physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	40-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2165485-15	1990	In the presence of 25 mM HCO3- at pHo of 7.4, all the transporters operate simultaneously to maintain a steady-state pHi of 7.13 +/- 0.04.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
2117398-9	1990	These results demonstrate that, in presence of HCO3-, agents (i.e., NE and ANG II) can produce typical [Ca2+]i transients and still not cause MC proliferation.	Bicarbonates	47-51	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
1698980-5	1990	GABA (5 x 10(-6)-10(-3) M) produced a reversible fall in pHi which showed a dependence on the concentrations of both GABA and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	126-130	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	57-60
1698980-8	1990	In the presence of 30 mM-HCO3-, a near-saturating concentration of GABA (0.5 mM) produced a mean fall in pHi of 0.43 units.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	105-108
1698980-11	1990	The apparent net efflux of HCO3- (JHCO3e) produced by a given concentration of GABA was estimated on the basis of the instantaneous rate of change of pHi.	Bicarbonates	27-31	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	150-153
1698980-23	1990	This indicates that the maintenance of a non-equilibrium H+ gradient at plateau acidosis and the recovery of pHi are attributable to Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	155-159	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	109-112
1698980-25	1990	We conclude that the effects of GABA on pHi and pHs are due to electrodiffusion of HCO3- across postsynaptic anion channels.	Bicarbonates	83-87	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	40-43
1698980-25	1990	We conclude that the effects of GABA on pHi and pHs are due to electrodiffusion of HCO3- across postsynaptic anion channels.	Bicarbonates	83-87	pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
2165360-1	1990	Inhibition of angiotensin II activity reduces reabsorption of both bicarbonate and chloride predominantly in the S1 subsegment of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).	Bicarbonates	67-78	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	14-28
2169869-2	1990	We report that buffers of small size, especially imidazole, increase the rate of catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase III (HCA III) of (1) 18O exchange between HCO3- and water measured by membrane-inlet mass spectrometry and (2) the dehydration of HCO3- measured by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.	Bicarbonates	161-165	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	100-122
2169869-2	1990	We report that buffers of small size, especially imidazole, increase the rate of catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase III (HCA III) of (1) 18O exchange between HCO3- and water measured by membrane-inlet mass spectrometry and (2) the dehydration of HCO3- measured by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.	Bicarbonates	249-253	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	100-122
2382222-8	1990	Specific HCO3-buffer studies demonstrated that these observations were independent of extracellular buffer and possible TGF alpha effects on intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	9-13	protransforming growth factor alpha	Oryctolagus cuniculus	120-129
2165360-2	1990	Because the S2 PCT is intrinsically better able to compensate for the increased delivery of bicarbonate compared with chloride under normal conditions, we reasoned that angiotensin II inhibition might selectively raise the amount of sodium chloride emerging from the PCT.	Bicarbonates	92-103	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	169-183
2389883-7	1990	Mean values for pHa and arterial [HCO3-] were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher at 60 minutes after BUT administration (baseline, pH = 7.25 +/- 0.04 and [HCO3-] = 29.9 +/- 3.5 mEq/L; 60 minutes after BUT, pH = 7.28 +/- 0.03 and [HCO3-] = 33.0 +/- 1.8 mEq/L).	Bicarbonates	160-164	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	16-19
2124471-6	1990	The intracellular pH (pHi) of isolated SHR and WKY fibroblasts was measured in bicarbonate-free medium using the fluorescent dye BCECF.	Bicarbonates	79-90	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
2123643-4	1990	HCO3- removal for ventilatory support has required alkalinization to compensate for the resulting acidosis and has been capable of removing 26 to 38 ml CO2/100 ml blood flow, compared to 14 ml CO2/100 ml for clinically employed silicone membrane lungs.	Bicarbonates	0-4	complement C2	Homo sapiens	152-159
2123643-5	1990	We designed a HCO3- removal system using recirculation of dialysate through a membrane lung to remove CO2, rather than alkalinization of blood, and removed 8.8 ml CO2/100 ml.	Bicarbonates	14-18	complement C2	Homo sapiens	163-170
2389883-7	1990	Mean values for pHa and arterial [HCO3-] were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher at 60 minutes after BUT administration (baseline, pH = 7.25 +/- 0.04 and [HCO3-] = 29.9 +/- 3.5 mEq/L; 60 minutes after BUT, pH = 7.28 +/- 0.03 and [HCO3-] = 33.0 +/- 1.8 mEq/L).	Bicarbonates	160-164	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	16-19
2123643-4	1990	HCO3- removal for ventilatory support has required alkalinization to compensate for the resulting acidosis and has been capable of removing 26 to 38 ml CO2/100 ml blood flow, compared to 14 ml CO2/100 ml for clinically employed silicone membrane lungs.	Bicarbonates	0-4	complement C2	Homo sapiens	193-200
2371270-3	1990	Expression of a full-length mouse AE2 cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent alterations in intracellular pH, demonstrating that AE2 is a Cl/HCO3 exchanger.	Bicarbonates	84-95	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	34-37
2164216-2	1990	Using EPR and the spin traps 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN), we have shown that Cu,Zn-SOD catalyzes the formation of "free" .OH radicals from H2O2 in pH 7.6 bicarbonate buffer.	Bicarbonates	209-220	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	132-141
2371270-3	1990	Expression of a full-length mouse AE2 cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent alterations in intracellular pH, demonstrating that AE2 is a Cl/HCO3 exchanger.	Bicarbonates	84-95	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
2371270-3	1990	Expression of a full-length mouse AE2 cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent alterations in intracellular pH, demonstrating that AE2 is a Cl/HCO3 exchanger.	Bicarbonates	170-174	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	34-37
1696391-1	1990	Several lines of evidence support the view that corticosteroids stimulate Na+, K+, HCO3-, and H+ transport by the TAL and that modulation of transport contributes to homeostasis of these ions.	Bicarbonates	83-87	transaldolase 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
2371270-3	1990	Expression of a full-length mouse AE2 cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent alterations in intracellular pH, demonstrating that AE2 is a Cl/HCO3 exchanger.	Bicarbonates	170-174	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
2382444-10	1990	In HCO3/CO2-buffered solution resting pHi was 7.42 +/- 0.01 (n = 35).	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	38-41
2382444-11	1990	Recovery from an acute acid load, induced by NH4 prepulse or switching from HEPES- to bicarbonate-buffered solution, was Na dependent, Cl independent, reversible and only partially blocked by 1 mM amiloride - pHi slowly recovered from 6.83 +/- 0.03 to 7.00 +/- 0.06 in 8 minutes.	Bicarbonates	86-97	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	209-212
2114295-4	1990	After a few minutes of changing the incubation medium from normal chloride-containing Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (NKRB) to a SCN- (thiocyanate) modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (SCN-KRB; 118 mM SCN- substituted for 118 mM Cl-), resting tension increased dramatically, e.g., to about 85% of KCl maximum in males, but not in females.	Bicarbonates	164-175	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
2139663-1	1990	An Na(+)- and HCO3(-)-independent mechanism of cytoplasmic pH (pHi) recovery was previously demonstrated in acid-loaded macrophages (Swallow, C. J., Grinstein, S., and Rotstein, O. D. (1988) J. Biol.	Bicarbonates	14-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	59-61
2139663-1	1990	An Na(+)- and HCO3(-)-independent mechanism of cytoplasmic pH (pHi) recovery was previously demonstrated in acid-loaded macrophages (Swallow, C. J., Grinstein, S., and Rotstein, O. D. (1988) J. Biol.	Bicarbonates	14-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	63-66
2139663-10	1990	This was consistent with the partial dependence of the Na(+)- and HCO3(-)-independent pHi recovery on the presence of intracellular Cl-.	Bicarbonates	66-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	86-89
2210017-2	1990	We investigated the changes in blood glucose, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), bicarbonate and glucagon after stopping insulin infusion between 08.00 h. and 14.00 h. Insulin infusion cessation resulted in: 1) a similar increase in blood glucose in both groups after 2 hours of interruption (group 1: 9.45 +/- 1.28 mmol/L versus basal levels of 6.94 +/- 0.96 mmol/L, p less than 0.05; group 2: 8.11 +/- 2.87 mmol/L versus 5.75 +/- 2.17 mmol/L, p less than 0.02) and a greater increase in blood glucose in group 1 than group 2 after 4 hours (p less than 0.05) and after 6 hours (p less than 0.05); 2) a progressive increase in NEFA in group 1 throughout the study period (08.00 h.: 0.51 +/- 0.28 mmol/L; 14.00 h: 1.44 +/- 0.45 mmol/L, p less than 0.05) that was significant after 4 and 6 hours of CSII interruption; there were no changes in NEFA in group 2; 3) plasma level of IA correlated inversely with final glycemia (r = -0.67, p less than 0.01) and final NEFA (r = -0.56, p = 0.02).	Bicarbonates	88-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
2166273-8	1990	Moreover, at physiological initial pHi values, chloride removal from the apical solution caused the pHi to increase in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	135-146	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	100-103
2213591-5	1990	This calibration gave a steady-state pHi of 7.06 +/- 0.02 (S.E.M., n = 17) when cells were perfused by a 5% CO2-25 mM-HCO3(-)-buffered solution at an external pH of 7.40 at 37 degrees C. 3.	Bicarbonates	118-123	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
2213591-9	1990	In bicarbonate-free (HEPES-buffered) solution the steady-state pHi was 7.37 +/- 0.02 (n = 19), significantly higher than in bicarbonate-buffered solution.	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
2213591-12	1990	In bicarbonate-buffered solution pHi recovery after an acid load was also completely blocked by addition of 1.5 mM-amiloride indicating the absence of a bicarbonate-dependent acid extrusion mechanism.	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
2213591-15	1990	This observation suggests that in cultured Purkinje cells the sodium-hydrogen exchanger could be activated through a protein kinase C pathway only when pHi is maintained at a low physiological value by the activity of the chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	231-242	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
2158745-3	1990	Monolayers in which pHi was rapidly elevated by removal of HCO3(-)-CO2 from the bathing medium demonstrated an absolute requirement for Cl- to recover toward base-line pHi.	Bicarbonates	59-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Macaca fascicularis	20-23
2330986-5	1990	Pretreatment with PMA or with sphingosine each attenuated by approximately one-third the bicarbonate absorptive response usually observed following angiotensin II administration.	Bicarbonates	89-100	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	148-162
2158745-8	1990	Consistent with these observations, removal of Cl- from the medium of cells buffered with 25 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2 at pHo 7.4 (in the absence of Na+) resulted in reversible elevation of pHi, whereas in a solution buffered to pHo 6.7 with 5 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2, removal of Cl- failed to elevate pHi.	Bicarbonates	96-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Macaca fascicularis	182-185
2158745-9	1990	Under steady-state conditions in the presence of 25 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2 at pHo 7.4, pHi was 7.40 +/- 0.02 and reversibly decreased to 7.23 +/- 0.01 on removal of Na+ (in the presence of amiloride) from the bathing medium, indicating that the Cl(-)-base exchanger is operative under basal conditions and functions as a base extruder.	Bicarbonates	55-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Macaca fascicularis	82-85
2321138-5	1990	Doses of 2.0 nmol/kg/hr of both CT and CGRP yielded maximal inhibition of stimulated secretions of both bicarbonate (greater than 85% inhibition) and protein (greater than 55% inhibition).	Bicarbonates	104-115	calcitonin	Canis lupus familiaris	32-34
2318960-2	1990	Arginine vasopressin (AVP; 2.8 X 10(-10) M in the bath) reduced bicarbonate absorption by 50% (from 7.8 to 3.7 pmol/min per mm).	Bicarbonates	64-75	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	9-20
2318960-7	1990	PTH significantly inhibited bicarbonate absorption, but the extent of inhibition was less than that observed with either AVP or glucagon.	Bicarbonates	28-39	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2318960-9	1990	These findings indicate that: (a) vasopressin, glucagon, and PTH directly inhibit bicarbonate absorption in the MTAL of the rat; (b) this inhibition occurs independent of effects on net NaCl absorption and appears to be mediated in part by cAMP; and (c) HCO3- and NH4+ absorption can be regulated independently in the MTAL.	Bicarbonates	82-93	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	34-45
2318960-9	1990	These findings indicate that: (a) vasopressin, glucagon, and PTH directly inhibit bicarbonate absorption in the MTAL of the rat; (b) this inhibition occurs independent of effects on net NaCl absorption and appears to be mediated in part by cAMP; and (c) HCO3- and NH4+ absorption can be regulated independently in the MTAL.	Bicarbonates	82-93	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
2318960-9	1990	These findings indicate that: (a) vasopressin, glucagon, and PTH directly inhibit bicarbonate absorption in the MTAL of the rat; (b) this inhibition occurs independent of effects on net NaCl absorption and appears to be mediated in part by cAMP; and (c) HCO3- and NH4+ absorption can be regulated independently in the MTAL.	Bicarbonates	254-258	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	34-45
2318960-9	1990	These findings indicate that: (a) vasopressin, glucagon, and PTH directly inhibit bicarbonate absorption in the MTAL of the rat; (b) this inhibition occurs independent of effects on net NaCl absorption and appears to be mediated in part by cAMP; and (c) HCO3- and NH4+ absorption can be regulated independently in the MTAL.	Bicarbonates	254-258	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
16667393-7	1990	However, ACCase activities were 6.01, 10.7, 16.1, and 11.4 nmol HCO(3) (-) incorporated per milligram of protein per minute in extracts of BMS, B10S, B50S, and B100S, respectively, suggesting that increased wild-type ACCase activity conferred herbicide tolerance.	Bicarbonates	64-70	acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase	Zea mays	9-15
2156738-1	1990	We have used the pH-sensitive dye BCECF to investigate the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) by two-cell stage mouse embryos in bicarbonate-free medium.	Bicarbonates	131-142	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	91-94
2318379-7	1990	It was found that measurements of [Ca2+]i with fura 2 were influenced by shifts in pHi that occur when cells are incubated in either HEPES-buffered or CO2/HCO3- media of differing pHo values.	Bicarbonates	155-159	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
2318379-8	1990	However, at any given value of pHi, the apparent [Ca2+]i measured in cells incubated in HEPES-buffered media was slightly higher than in cells incubated in CO2/HCO3- buffered media.	Bicarbonates	160-164	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
2141113-6	1990	After blockade of Na+/H+ exchange by 100 microM ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), thrombin induced a decrease in pHi the rate of which averaged 0.39 unit/min in HCO3(-)-containing medium, and 0.57 unit/min in HCO3(-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	159-166	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	80-88
2141113-6	1990	After blockade of Na+/H+ exchange by 100 microM ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), thrombin induced a decrease in pHi the rate of which averaged 0.39 unit/min in HCO3(-)-containing medium, and 0.57 unit/min in HCO3(-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	159-166	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	111-114
2141113-6	1990	After blockade of Na+/H+ exchange by 100 microM ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), thrombin induced a decrease in pHi the rate of which averaged 0.39 unit/min in HCO3(-)-containing medium, and 0.57 unit/min in HCO3(-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	159-163	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	80-88
2141113-6	1990	After blockade of Na+/H+ exchange by 100 microM ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), thrombin induced a decrease in pHi the rate of which averaged 0.39 unit/min in HCO3(-)-containing medium, and 0.57 unit/min in HCO3(-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	159-163	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	111-114
2155541-1	1990	We studied the role of basolateral HCO3- transport in the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in the isolated perfused S3 segment of the rabbit proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	35-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	90-93
2107748-6	1990	Exposure of BC3H-1 cells to CO2-HCO3-buffered solutions resulted in a transient acidification followed by an alkalinization of 0.3-0.4 pH unit to a new steady-state pHi of 7.27 +/- 0.01 (n = 65).	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	165-168
1692097-0	1990	Bicarbonate-dependent action of Bay K 8644 in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens.	Bicarbonates	0-11	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
1692097-7	1990	These results suggest that bicarbonate ion modulates the function of the voltage-dependent calcium channel in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens.	Bicarbonates	27-38	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
2336349-3	1990	From the response of pHi and [Cl-]i to changes in bath Cl- or HCO3- concentrations a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger was identified in the basolateral cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	62-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-24
2336349-3	1990	From the response of pHi and [Cl-]i to changes in bath Cl- or HCO3- concentrations a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger was identified in the basolateral cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	89-93	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-24
2316714-5	1990	The results indicate that acidosis inhibits hypoxia-induced triggering of EPO formation independently of PCO2 and HCO3 levels.	Bicarbonates	114-118	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	74-77
2315322-1	1990	Secretin is a 27-amino acid gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic fluid.	Bicarbonates	86-97	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
2154448-5	1990	These data are contrasted with previous reports for Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts that the increase in intracellular pH which results from activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter in bicarbonate-free media is necessary for S6 phosphorylation, protein synthesis, and hence, for subsequent DNA synthesis (Pouyssegur, J., Chambard, J. C., Franchi, A., Paris, S., and Van Obberghen-Schilling, E. (1982) Proc.	Bicarbonates	181-192	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	160-177
2305896-8	1990	In the presence of HCO3-, the rise in pHi was less marked than in its absence, although net acid efflux was greater because of a greater intracellular buffering capacity.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
2155541-4	1990	pHi fell by approximately 0.17 when luminal [HCO3-] was lowered to 5 mM at fixed PCO2 (i.e., reducing pH to 6.8) but by approximately 0.42 when [HCO3-] in the bath (i.e., basolateral solution) was lowered to 5 mM.	Bicarbonates	45-49	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
2155541-4	1990	pHi fell by approximately 0.17 when luminal [HCO3-] was lowered to 5 mM at fixed PCO2 (i.e., reducing pH to 6.8) but by approximately 0.42 when [HCO3-] in the bath (i.e., basolateral solution) was lowered to 5 mM.	Bicarbonates	145-149	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
2155541-5	1990	The pHi decrease elicited by reducing bath [HCO3-] was substantially reduced by removal of Cl- or Na+, suggesting that components of basolateral HCO3- transport are Cl- and/or Na+ dependent.	Bicarbonates	44-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-7
2155541-5	1990	The pHi decrease elicited by reducing bath [HCO3-] was substantially reduced by removal of Cl- or Na+, suggesting that components of basolateral HCO3- transport are Cl- and/or Na+ dependent.	Bicarbonates	145-149	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-7
2155541-8	1990	Although the initial rate of this pHi increase was not reduced by removing Na+ bilaterally, it was substantially lowered by the nominal removal of HCO3- from bath and lumen or by the addition of 0.1 mM 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonate (DIDS) to the bath.	Bicarbonates	147-151	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	34-37
2155541-12	1990	Although the bilateral removal of Cl- had no effect on these rates, the nominal removal of HCO3- or the presence of DIDS substantially slowed the pHi changes.	Bicarbonates	91-95	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	146-149
2156576-4	1990	The anion selectivity sequence for the channel was NO3- greater than Cl- greater than HCO3-, and it was impermeable to gluconate ions, indicating that the channel diameter lies between 4.7 and 5.5 A.	Bicarbonates	86-90	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	51-54
2313594-1	1990	Our previous studies have shown that a low dose of angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates fluid and bicarbonate absorption from the apical side of rat proximal tubule (PCT).	Bicarbonates	96-107	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	51-65
1689684-5	1990	Potent CCK antagonist, CR 1409 (5 mg/kg.hr) administered intravenously suppressed completely increase in amylase output induced by oleic acid, and partially in juice volume and bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	177-188	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
2313594-1	1990	Our previous studies have shown that a low dose of angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates fluid and bicarbonate absorption from the apical side of rat proximal tubule (PCT).	Bicarbonates	96-107	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
1981635-16	1990	Both VIP and secretin increased bicarbonate output, whereas only VIP increased the concentration.	Bicarbonates	32-43	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	5-8
2154185-9	1990	These effects of GM-CSF and PAF on Na+/H+ exchange are observed in both bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing medium.	Bicarbonates	72-83	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-23
2154185-9	1990	These effects of GM-CSF and PAF on Na+/H+ exchange are observed in both bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing medium.	Bicarbonates	72-83	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
2154185-9	1990	These effects of GM-CSF and PAF on Na+/H+ exchange are observed in both bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing medium.	Bicarbonates	93-104	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-23
2154185-9	1990	These effects of GM-CSF and PAF on Na+/H+ exchange are observed in both bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing medium.	Bicarbonates	93-104	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
1981635-16	1990	Both VIP and secretin increased bicarbonate output, whereas only VIP increased the concentration.	Bicarbonates	32-43	secretin	Homo sapiens	13-21
1981635-22	1990	VIP increased both bicarbonate concentration and output, whereas somatostatin had the opposite effect.	Bicarbonates	19-30	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
2301597-4	1990	In control rats, 10(-8) M vasopressin added to the bath increased bicarbonate absorption almost threefold.	Bicarbonates	66-77	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
2301576-0	1990	Intrahypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor elevates gastric bicarbonate and inhibits stress ulcers in rats.	Bicarbonates	66-77	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	18-48
2262122-10	1990	The CCK antagonists entirely suppressed the protein response to the intraduodenal meal, decreased the volume response by 70 percent (p less than 0.01), and the bicarbonate response by 50 percent (p less than 0.05).	Bicarbonates	160-171	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2297147-0	1990	The role of bicarbonate and fluid loading in improving resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest with rapid manual chest compression CPR.	Bicarbonates	12-23	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Canis lupus familiaris	135-138
2297147-2	1990	The study showing improved survival with rapid manual CPR empirically included treatment with bicarbonate and initial fluid loading.	Bicarbonates	94-105	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Canis lupus familiaris	54-57
2083798-7	1990	The pancreaticobiliary secretion of bicarbonate, as judged by plasma secretin concentrations, increased, however, earlier when mucosal bicarbonate secretion had been inhibited than when not (3.7 vs. 3.0 pmol/l at an acid load of 6.0 mmol/h).	Bicarbonates	36-47	secretin	Homo sapiens	69-77
2405708-1	1990	Previous studies from our laboratory have confirmed that cultures of LLC-PK1 cells exhibit pH-responsive alterations in ammonia metabolism produced by changes in media bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	168-179	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	91-93
2153152-6	1990	In the beta-intercalated cells, luminal Cl- removal blocked changes in pHi in response to changes in luminal HCO3- or peritubular Cl-, providing direct evidence for a luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	109-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	71-74
2351243-11	1990	Secretin, at the dose of 3 clinical units/100 g, induced an increase of approximately 75 percent in bile flow, and 70 percent in biliary bicarbonate concentration in cirrhotics.	Bicarbonates	137-148	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
2153100-3	1990	At the age of 16-20 weeks, pHi of lymphocytes suspended in a HCO3-free HEPES-buffered solution, was markedly lower in the SHR than in the WKY rats (7.07 +/- 0.02, n = 16 and 7.22 +/- 0.01, n = 15, respectively, p less than 0.001), whereas systolic blood pressure was higher in SHR than in WKY rats (175 +/- 5.0 and 105 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, respectively, p less than 0.001).	Bicarbonates	61-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
2153100-5	1990	In lymphocytes suspended in a more physiological HCO3/CO2-buffered solution, pHi was again lower in the adult SHR than in the WKY rat (7.18 +/- 0.02, n = 16 and 7.31 +/- 0.02, n = 16, respectively, p less than 0.001).	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
2295700-5	1990	Inhibition of duodenal bicarbonate secretion induced by CGRP coincided with significant increases in plasma norepinephrine (NE) and vasopressin concentrations.	Bicarbonates	23-34	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
2295700-0	1990	Cerebroventricular calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits rat duodenal bicarbonate secretion by release of norepinephrine and vasopressin.	Bicarbonates	73-84	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	19-50
2153152-6	1990	In the beta-intercalated cells, luminal Cl- removal blocked changes in pHi in response to changes in luminal HCO3- or peritubular Cl-, providing direct evidence for a luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	179-183	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	71-74
2295700-0	1990	Cerebroventricular calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits rat duodenal bicarbonate secretion by release of norepinephrine and vasopressin.	Bicarbonates	73-84	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	128-139
2295700-2	1990	This study examined the mechanisms responsible for the central nervous system regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in unrestrained rats.	Bicarbonates	101-112	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	126-157
2295700-2	1990	This study examined the mechanisms responsible for the central nervous system regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in unrestrained rats.	Bicarbonates	101-112	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
2295700-3	1990	Cerebroventricular administration of rat CGRP significantly inhibited basal duodenal bicarbonate secretion as well as the stimulatory effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide, neurotensin, a luminal PGE1 analogue, misoprostol, and hydrochloric acid.	Bicarbonates	85-96	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
2295700-5	1990	Inhibition of duodenal bicarbonate secretion induced by CGRP coincided with significant increases in plasma norepinephrine (NE) and vasopressin concentrations.	Bicarbonates	23-34	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	132-143
2295700-8	1990	Peripheral vasopressin and NE significantly decreased duodenal bicarbonate secretion, and their inhibitory effects were additive and prevented by phentolamine and the vasopressin antagonist, respectively.	Bicarbonates	63-74	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	11-22
2295700-8	1990	Peripheral vasopressin and NE significantly decreased duodenal bicarbonate secretion, and their inhibitory effects were additive and prevented by phentolamine and the vasopressin antagonist, respectively.	Bicarbonates	63-74	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	167-178
2295700-9	1990	We conclude that cerebroventricular CGRP inhibits rat duodenal bicarbonate secretion by activation of sympathetic efferents and subsequent release of NE and vasopressin that act on alpha adrenergic and vasopressin receptors, respectively.	Bicarbonates	63-74	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
1967642-8	1990	Mucosal lsc responses to SS-14 were absent in tissues bathed in HCO3-free media.	Bicarbonates	64-68	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	25-30
2295700-9	1990	We conclude that cerebroventricular CGRP inhibits rat duodenal bicarbonate secretion by activation of sympathetic efferents and subsequent release of NE and vasopressin that act on alpha adrenergic and vasopressin receptors, respectively.	Bicarbonates	63-74	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	202-213
2383321-1	1990	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a potent stimulant of duodenal HCO3- secretion and may, like prostaglandins, have a stimulatory role in the local duodenal HCO3- response to luminal HCl.	Bicarbonates	70-74	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
2383321-1	1990	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a potent stimulant of duodenal HCO3- secretion and may, like prostaglandins, have a stimulatory role in the local duodenal HCO3- response to luminal HCl.	Bicarbonates	162-166	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
2383321-6	1990	Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin augmented the HCl-stimulated luminal release of VIP, as well as the HCO3- response to exogenous VIP.	Bicarbonates	122-126	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
2383321-9	1990	Released VIP may contribute to the HCO3- response at pH less than or equal to 3.	Bicarbonates	35-39	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
2109061-5	1990	In the presence of physiological HCO3- and CO2, basal pHi was 7.02 +/- 0.04 compared with 7.15 +/- 0.05 in the absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	33-37	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	54-57
33801010-10	2021	Moreover, downregulation of Cl:HCO3 exchange activity was restored in ketotifen treated SAMP1 mice.	Bicarbonates	31-35	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	88-93
2109061-6	1990	Estimated cytosolic buffering power was reduced from 35.6 +/- 3.0 to 14.5 +/- 0.4 mM/pH unit by the omission of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	112-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-87
2109061-8	1990	Thrombin evoked an immediate acidification of 0.03 +/- 0.01 pH units in the presence of HCO3- and 0.07 +/- 0.01 pH units in its absence.	Bicarbonates	88-92	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
2109061-10	1990	The final pHi was 0.10 +/- 0.01 units above basal in the presence of HCO3- and 0.08 +/- 0.02 units above basal in the absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	69-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	10-13
33806154-5	2021	The latter mainly involves CFTR, the apical chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin and paracellular transport.	Bicarbonates	53-64	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	75-82
33801010-11	2021	Kinetic studies showed that ketotifen restored the altered affinity of Cl:HCO3 exchange in SAMP1 mice villus cells thus reinstating its activity to normal.	Bicarbonates	74-78	transmembrane protein 201	Homo sapiens	91-96
33801010-3	2021	In the SAMP1/YitFcs (SAMP1) mice model of spontaneous ileitis, representing Crohn"s disease, DRA (Downregulated in Adenoma) mediated Cl:HCO3 exchange was shown to be inhibited secondary to diminished affinity of the exchanger for Cl.	Bicarbonates	136-140	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	7-12
33801010-3	2021	In the SAMP1/YitFcs (SAMP1) mice model of spontaneous ileitis, representing Crohn"s disease, DRA (Downregulated in Adenoma) mediated Cl:HCO3 exchange was shown to be inhibited secondary to diminished affinity of the exchanger for Cl.	Bicarbonates	136-140	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	21-26
33810109-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population and is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed on the membrane of epithelial cells of the airways and of the intestine, as well as in cells with exocrine and endocrine functions.	Bicarbonates	209-220	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-168
33810109-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population and is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed on the membrane of epithelial cells of the airways and of the intestine, as well as in cells with exocrine and endocrine functions.	Bicarbonates	209-220	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-174
33801010-3	2021	In the SAMP1/YitFcs (SAMP1) mice model of spontaneous ileitis, representing Crohn"s disease, DRA (Downregulated in Adenoma) mediated Cl:HCO3 exchange was shown to be inhibited secondary to diminished affinity of the exchanger for Cl.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	93-96
26267258-7	2015	The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) by S-NZVI was not affected to any considerable extent by the presence of co-existing ions, such as H2PO4(-), SiO3(2-), Ca(2+) and HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	174-178	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	26-43
33801010-6	2021	However, how mast cell mediators may regulate Cl:HCO3 exchange in SAMP1 mice is unknown.	Bicarbonates	49-53	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	66-71
34863569-5	2022	The AO7 removal performance of PC-MnOx was slightly decreased in natural waterbodies and in the presence of CO32-, while it showed an anti-interference capacity for Cl-, NO3- and humic acid.	Bicarbonates	108-113	ring finger protein 25	Homo sapiens	4-7
26858600-10	2016	Bicarbonate nearly restored basal activity as well as GCAP2- and S100B-stimulated activities of the F(514)S mutant to normal levels but could not resurrect GCAP1 stimulation.	Bicarbonates	0-11	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	65-70
26858600-12	2016	The synergistic interlinking of bicarbonate to GCAPs- and S100B-modulated pathways intensifies and tunes the dependence of cyclic GMP synthesis on intracellular Ca(2+).	Bicarbonates	32-43	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	58-63
26858600-12	2016	The synergistic interlinking of bicarbonate to GCAPs- and S100B-modulated pathways intensifies and tunes the dependence of cyclic GMP synthesis on intracellular Ca(2+).	Bicarbonates	32-43	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	130-133
24295739-2	2014	We hypothesized that uterine SLC4A4 expression changes under different sex-steroid influence, therefore may account for the fluctuation in uterine fluid Na(+) and HCO3(-) content throughout the oestrous cycle.	Bicarbonates	163-167	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
24295739-12	2014	CONCLUSION: High SLC4A4 expression under estrogen dominance may contribute to the increase in uterine fluid Na(+) and HCO3(-) content, while its low expression under P4 dominance may result in vice versa.	Bicarbonates	118-122	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
12227255-2	2002	NHE3 antiporter has a major role in HCO3- and NaCl reabsorption in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	36-40	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	0-4
26858600-0	2016	Bicarbonate and Ca(2+) Sensing Modulators Activate Photoreceptor ROS-GC1 Synergistically.	Bicarbonates	0-11	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	65-72
26858600-5	2016	Independent of Ca(2+), ROS-GC1 activity is also stimulated directly by bicarbonate binding to the core catalytic domain (CCD).	Bicarbonates	71-82	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	23-30
26858600-7	2016	In combination, bicarbonate and Ca(2+)-dependent modulators raised maximal ROS-GC activity to levels that exceeded the sum of their individual effects.	Bicarbonates	16-27	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	75-81
24295739-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Oestrogen-induced uterine fluid sodium (Na(+)) and bicarbonate (HCO3(-)) secretion may involve SLC4A4.	Bicarbonates	63-74	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
24295739-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Oestrogen-induced uterine fluid sodium (Na(+)) and bicarbonate (HCO3(-)) secretion may involve SLC4A4.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
8082488-4	1994	Dopamine D-1 receptor agonists and the peripherally acting catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitor nitecapone stimulate the bicarbonate secretion in the rat and a similar increase in secretion has been observed in human volunteers.	Bicarbonates	131-142	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	59-88
8082488-4	1994	Dopamine D-1 receptor agonists and the peripherally acting catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitor nitecapone stimulate the bicarbonate secretion in the rat and a similar increase in secretion has been observed in human volunteers.	Bicarbonates	131-142	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
34897412-8	2021	Conversely, mice given oral bicarbonate to improve systemic buffering had reduced myocardial NHE1 expression, consistent with a needs-dependent expression of pHi-regulatory transporters.	Bicarbonates	28-39	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	93-97
34883381-3	2022	The removal efficiency of BP-1 was enhanced by cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+), while inhibited by high concentrations of anions (Cl- and HCO3-) and low concentrations of humic acid.	Bicarbonates	147-152	BP1	Homo sapiens	26-30
34806114-8	2022	The FABP4 level was positively correlated with HbA1c at presentation and inversely correlated with venous blood pH and bicarbonate levels (p < 0.05 for all).	Bicarbonates	119-130	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
34718050-4	2022	The bicarbonate secretory machinery comprises the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE2 and the chloride channel ANO1.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	81-84
34718050-4	2022	The bicarbonate secretory machinery comprises the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE2 and the chloride channel ANO1.	Bicarbonates	4-15	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
34718050-4	2022	The bicarbonate secretory machinery comprises the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE2 and the chloride channel ANO1.	Bicarbonates	59-70	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	81-84
34718050-13	2022	CONCLUSION: Cholangiocellular annexin A11 mediates apical membrane abundance of the chloride channel ANO1, thereby supporting biliary bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	134-145	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
34718050-15	2022	Anti-annexin A11 autoantibodies might contribute to the pathogenesis of IRC by weakening the "biliary bicarbonate umbrella".	Bicarbonates	102-113	annexin A11	Homo sapiens	5-16
34718050-18	2022	We found that annexin A11 is required for the formation of a robust bicarbonate umbrella by modulating the plasma membrane expression of the anion channel ANO1.	Bicarbonates	68-79	annexin A11	Homo sapiens	14-25
34718050-18	2022	We found that annexin A11 is required for the formation of a robust bicarbonate umbrella by modulating the plasma membrane expression of the anion channel ANO1.	Bicarbonates	68-79	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
34718050-19	2022	Binding of patient IgG4/IgG1 annexin A11 autoantibodies inhibits annexin A11 function possibly contributing to bile duct damage by weakening the biliary bicarbonate umbrella in patients with IRC.	Bicarbonates	153-164	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-20	Homo sapiens	37-40
34718050-19	2022	Binding of patient IgG4/IgG1 annexin A11 autoantibodies inhibits annexin A11 function possibly contributing to bile duct damage by weakening the biliary bicarbonate umbrella in patients with IRC.	Bicarbonates	153-164	annexin A11	Homo sapiens	65-76
34922851-1	2021	BACKGROUND: In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate secretion precipitates the accumulation of viscous mucus in the lumen of respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelial tissues.	Bicarbonates	101-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-83
34922851-1	2021	BACKGROUND: In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate secretion precipitates the accumulation of viscous mucus in the lumen of respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelial tissues.	Bicarbonates	101-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
34922851-2	2021	We investigated whether the combination of elexacaftor (ELX), ivacaftor (IVA) and tezacaftor (TEZ), apart from its well-documented effect on chloride transport, also restores Phe508del-CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	199-210	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	185-189
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	164-175	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	164-175	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	229-232
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	164-175	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	234-240
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	207-218	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	207-218	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	229-232
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	207-218	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	234-240
34704967-4	2021	Here, we show that the influx of HCO3-, a trigger of capacitation, is impaired and intracellular pH is decreased in the sperm of Slc22a14 knockout (KO) mice.	Bicarbonates	33-38	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	129-137
34704967-6	2021	In addition, the intracellular pH of Slc22a14 KO sperm was lower than that of wild-type sperm and did not increase after the addition of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	137-142	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	37-45
34922198-7	2022	In addition, higher extracellular bicarbonate concentration significantly increased the intracellular cAMP level, pHi, and calcium concentration with a 16.7 mM of glucose stimulation.	Bicarbonates	34-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	114-117
34897412-8	2021	Conversely, mice given oral bicarbonate to improve systemic buffering had reduced myocardial NHE1 expression, consistent with a needs-dependent expression of pHi-regulatory transporters.	Bicarbonates	28-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	158-161
34897412-10	2021	This response was triggered by intracellular H+ ions because it persisted in the absence of CO2/HCO3- and became ablated when acidic incubation media had low chloride concentration, a manoeuvre that reduces the extent of pHi decrease.	Bicarbonates	96-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	221-224
34704967-9	2021	These results suggest that SLC22A14 is involved in capacitation through the regulation of HCO3- transport and pHi.	Bicarbonates	90-94	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	27-35
34585968-3	2021	To investigate whether Ae4 is regulated by the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway, we measured Cl-/HCO3- exchanger activity in SMG acinar cells from Ae2-/- mice, which only express Ae4, and found that the Ae4-mediated activity was increased in response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation.	Bicarbonates	97-101	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	203-206
34668421-3	2021	An alternative anion transporter of growing interest is SLC26A9, a constitutively active chloride channel which has been shown to interact with CFTR and may also contribute to bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	176-187	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	56-63
34668421-8	2021	Finally, we assess the impact of bicarbonate on the activity of SLC26A9 and CFTR.	Bicarbonates	33-44	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	64-71
34668421-8	2021	Finally, we assess the impact of bicarbonate on the activity of SLC26A9 and CFTR.	Bicarbonates	33-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
34717148-1	2021	DOG1 (Discovered on GIST1) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel that is highly expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal and in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) derived from Cajal cells.	Bicarbonates	77-88	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	6-25
34669510-1	2021	The major transmembrane protein of the red blood cell, known as band 3, AE1, and SLC4A1, has two main functions: 1) catalysis of Cl-/HCO3- exchange, one of the steps in CO2 excretion; 2) anchoring the membrane skeleton.	Bicarbonates	133-137	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-75
34669510-1	2021	The major transmembrane protein of the red blood cell, known as band 3, AE1, and SLC4A1, has two main functions: 1) catalysis of Cl-/HCO3- exchange, one of the steps in CO2 excretion; 2) anchoring the membrane skeleton.	Bicarbonates	133-137	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	81-87
34585968-0	2021	Activation of the Ae4 (Slc4a9) cation-driven Cl-/HCO3- exchanger by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in salivary gland acinar cells.	Bicarbonates	49-53	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	18-21
34585968-0	2021	Activation of the Ae4 (Slc4a9) cation-driven Cl-/HCO3- exchanger by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in salivary gland acinar cells.	Bicarbonates	49-53	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	23-29
34326480-1	2021	Pendrin is a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger selectively present in the intercalated cells of the kidney.	Bicarbonates	17-21	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
34717148-1	2021	DOG1 (Discovered on GIST1) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel that is highly expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal and in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) derived from Cajal cells.	Bicarbonates	77-88	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34407318-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Bicarbonates	177-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
34407318-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Bicarbonates	177-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
34407318-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Bicarbonates	177-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	115-119
34098395-10	2021	MAIN RESULTS: Fibrinogen significantly decreased the volume of blood loss (p < 0.001) and the total number of transfused packed-cell units per group (38 vs. 115 units); and compensated the decrease of HCO3 (p = 0.030), the mean arterial pressure (p < 0.001), hemoglobin O2 saturation (p = 0.001), heart rate (p < 0.001), and temperature (p < 0.001) throughout the surgery compared with the placebo.	Bicarbonates	201-205	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	14-24
34757723-5	2021	The zinc metalloenzyme human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) is an attractive encapsulation target based on its hydrolytic activity and physiologic conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	178-189	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	29-50
34757723-5	2021	The zinc metalloenzyme human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) is an attractive encapsulation target based on its hydrolytic activity and physiologic conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	178-189	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
34843097-12	2022	Higher bicarbonate levels were associated with significantly lower hazards for graft failure (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.88; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.79-0.98) and mortality (HR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-0.93) after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, donor type and time-varying eGFR.	Bicarbonates	7-18	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	288-292
34458928-6	2021	Solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6), a member of the well-conserved solute carrier family 26, is highly expressed in the kidney and intestines, and it primarily mediates the transport of various anions, including OXa2-, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-, amongst others.	Bicarbonates	228-233	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	0-33
34458928-6	2021	Solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6), a member of the well-conserved solute carrier family 26, is highly expressed in the kidney and intestines, and it primarily mediates the transport of various anions, including OXa2-, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-, amongst others.	Bicarbonates	228-233	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	35-42
34831067-7	2021	Yet, the CFTR protein also regulates numerous other pathways, such as the transport of HCO3-, glutathione and thiocyanate, immune cells, and the metabolism of lipids.	Bicarbonates	87-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
34692569-3	2021	The loss of CFTR function alters chloride, bicarbonate, and water transport through the plasma membrane, promoting the production of a thick and sticky mucus in which bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia can produce chronic infections that eventually decrease the lung function and increase the risk of mortality.	Bicarbonates	43-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-16
34175296-1	2021	Band 3 (Anion Exchanger 1, AE1), the predominant protein of erythrocyte membranes, facilitates Cl-/HCO3- exchange and anchors the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	8-25
34175296-1	2021	Band 3 (Anion Exchanger 1, AE1), the predominant protein of erythrocyte membranes, facilitates Cl-/HCO3- exchange and anchors the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-30
34676621-6	2021	The optimal pH of PS/L-cys@nFe3 O4 system was 3, while HCO3 - and Cl- exhibited negative influences on BTEX degradation.	Bicarbonates	55-59	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
34934543-16	2021	Conclusion Venous pH and bicarbonate levels correlate strongly with arterial pH and bicarbonate levels, respectively, in patients with renal failure.	Bicarbonates	25-36	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	77-79
34750450-3	2021	BALB/c mice were bathed in neutral bicarbonate ionized water (NBIW) and showed increased blood bicarbonate levels and blood flow via phosphorylation of peripheral vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO).	Bicarbonates	35-46	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	172-205
34750450-3	2021	BALB/c mice were bathed in neutral bicarbonate ionized water (NBIW) and showed increased blood bicarbonate levels and blood flow via phosphorylation of peripheral vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO).	Bicarbonates	35-46	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	207-211
34750450-3	2021	BALB/c mice were bathed in neutral bicarbonate ionized water (NBIW) and showed increased blood bicarbonate levels and blood flow via phosphorylation of peripheral vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO).	Bicarbonates	95-106	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	207-211
34750450-6	2021	Taken together, our results show that percutaneously absorbed carbon dioxide changes to bicarbonate ions, which act directly on endothelial cells to increase NO production by phosphorylation of eNOS and thus improve blood flow.	Bicarbonates	88-99	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	194-198
34618049-10	2021	We hypothesize that CAH4 and CAH5 in the mitochondria convert the CO2 released from respiration and photorespiration as well as the CO2 leaked from the chloroplast to HCO3- thus "recapturing" this potentially lost CO2.	Bicarbonates	167-171	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	20-24
34618049-10	2021	We hypothesize that CAH4 and CAH5 in the mitochondria convert the CO2 released from respiration and photorespiration as well as the CO2 leaked from the chloroplast to HCO3- thus "recapturing" this potentially lost CO2.	Bicarbonates	167-171	CAH5	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	29-33
34171450-10	2021	IL-10 was positively associated with bicarbonate (r = 0.45, p = 0.02) and trended toward a positive association with right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) (r = 0.35, p = 0.059).	Bicarbonates	37-48	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
34587656-20	2021	Ductal HCO3 - transport activity was significantly increased 6h after AP induction.	Bicarbonates	7-11	LIM homeobox protein 2	Mus musculus	70-72
34668226-3	2022	Solute carrier family 4 member 2 (SLC4A2, encoding anion exchanger 2) plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation and function by exchange of Cl- with HCO3 - .	Bicarbonates	161-167	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-32
34668226-3	2022	Solute carrier family 4 member 2 (SLC4A2, encoding anion exchanger 2) plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation and function by exchange of Cl- with HCO3 - .	Bicarbonates	161-167	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	34-40
34937963-1	2021	The aim of this study was the assessment of sodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3 -) on anaerobic and cognitive performance, assuming ergogenic effect of HCO3 by improving buffering capacity and greater lactate efflux, which may have indirect effect on circulating neurotrophin level (e.g BDNF, IGF-1) and memory.	Bicarbonates	159-163	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	270-282
34937963-1	2021	The aim of this study was the assessment of sodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3 -) on anaerobic and cognitive performance, assuming ergogenic effect of HCO3 by improving buffering capacity and greater lactate efflux, which may have indirect effect on circulating neurotrophin level (e.g BDNF, IGF-1) and memory.	Bicarbonates	159-163	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	294-298
34937963-1	2021	The aim of this study was the assessment of sodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3 -) on anaerobic and cognitive performance, assuming ergogenic effect of HCO3 by improving buffering capacity and greater lactate efflux, which may have indirect effect on circulating neurotrophin level (e.g BDNF, IGF-1) and memory.	Bicarbonates	159-163	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	300-305
34937963-6	2021	We also revealed statistically significant decrease in values for display time after ingestion of HCO3 between pre and post exercise (with p = 0.002) In conclusion, the lack of a substantial relationship between exerkines (IGF-1, BDNF) and memory in the present study might suggest that exercise induced lactate levels is dominant mechanism improving working memory in well-train athletes.	Bicarbonates	98-102	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	223-228
34937963-6	2021	We also revealed statistically significant decrease in values for display time after ingestion of HCO3 between pre and post exercise (with p = 0.002) In conclusion, the lack of a substantial relationship between exerkines (IGF-1, BDNF) and memory in the present study might suggest that exercise induced lactate levels is dominant mechanism improving working memory in well-train athletes.	Bicarbonates	98-102	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	230-234
34252449-5	2021	The abundance of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin was increased, likely explaining the acidosis.	Bicarbonates	30-41	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	52-59
34680949-1	2021	CFTR encodes for a chloride and bicarbonate channel expressed at the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	32-43	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
34658912-1	2021	Bicarbonate (HCO3 -) transport mechanisms play an essential role in the acid-base homeostasis of aquatic animals, and anion exchange protein 3 (AE3) is a membrane transport protein that exchanges Cl-/HCO3 - across the cell membrane to regulate the intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	118-142
34658912-1	2021	Bicarbonate (HCO3 -) transport mechanisms play an essential role in the acid-base homeostasis of aquatic animals, and anion exchange protein 3 (AE3) is a membrane transport protein that exchanges Cl-/HCO3 - across the cell membrane to regulate the intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	144-147
34658912-1	2021	Bicarbonate (HCO3 -) transport mechanisms play an essential role in the acid-base homeostasis of aquatic animals, and anion exchange protein 3 (AE3) is a membrane transport protein that exchanges Cl-/HCO3 - across the cell membrane to regulate the intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	13-19	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	118-142
34658912-1	2021	Bicarbonate (HCO3 -) transport mechanisms play an essential role in the acid-base homeostasis of aquatic animals, and anion exchange protein 3 (AE3) is a membrane transport protein that exchanges Cl-/HCO3 - across the cell membrane to regulate the intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	13-19	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	144-147
34658912-1	2021	Bicarbonate (HCO3 -) transport mechanisms play an essential role in the acid-base homeostasis of aquatic animals, and anion exchange protein 3 (AE3) is a membrane transport protein that exchanges Cl-/HCO3 - across the cell membrane to regulate the intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	200-206	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	118-142
34658912-1	2021	Bicarbonate (HCO3 -) transport mechanisms play an essential role in the acid-base homeostasis of aquatic animals, and anion exchange protein 3 (AE3) is a membrane transport protein that exchanges Cl-/HCO3 - across the cell membrane to regulate the intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	200-206	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	144-147
34584093-0	2021	Cryo-EM structure of the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger NDCBE.	Bicarbonates	48-59	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	70-75
34584093-2	2021	The previously solved structures of the outward facing (OF) conformation for AE1 (SLC4A1) and NBCe1 (SLC4A4) transporters revealed an identical overall fold despite their different transport modes (chloride/bicarbonate exchange versus sodium-carbonate cotransport).	Bicarbonates	207-218	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-80
34584093-2	2021	The previously solved structures of the outward facing (OF) conformation for AE1 (SLC4A1) and NBCe1 (SLC4A4) transporters revealed an identical overall fold despite their different transport modes (chloride/bicarbonate exchange versus sodium-carbonate cotransport).	Bicarbonates	207-218	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	82-88
34584093-2	2021	The previously solved structures of the outward facing (OF) conformation for AE1 (SLC4A1) and NBCe1 (SLC4A4) transporters revealed an identical overall fold despite their different transport modes (chloride/bicarbonate exchange versus sodium-carbonate cotransport).	Bicarbonates	207-218	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
34452919-6	2021	Mechanistically, inhibiting bicarbonate production by CAIX or sodium-driven bicarbonate transport, while targeting xCT, decreased adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and increased acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 activation.	Bicarbonates	28-39	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	54-58
34289225-4	2021	Transketolase activity is detected as bicarbonate anions released from the alpha-ketoacid donor substrate, which causes the pH to rise.	Bicarbonates	38-49	transketolase	Homo sapiens	0-13
34156298-11	2021	HP (13C)-bicarbonate-to-tC ratio increased 8.4-fold (P = .002) and returned to the resting level 5 minutes after exercise, whereas the lactate-to-tC ratio continued to increase to 2.3-fold as compared with resting (P = .008).	Bicarbonates	9-20	haptoglobin	Bos taurus	0-2
34156298-12	2021	Conclusion Lactate and bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized (HP) (1-carbon 13 {13C})-pyruvate in skeletal muscle rapidly reflected the onset and the termination of exercise.	Bicarbonates	23-34	haptoglobin	Bos taurus	67-69
34240183-8	2021	Three transcripts were fully recovered by alkali therapy: the Kir4.2 K+-channel, an important regulator of proximal tubule HCO3--metabolism and transport, ACADSB and SHMT1, genes involved in beta-oxidation and methionine metabolism.	Bicarbonates	123-127	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 15	Homo sapiens	62-68
34166230-1	2021	Without CFTR-mediated HCO3- secretion, airway epithelia of newborns with cystic fibrosis (CF) produce an abnormally acidic airway surface liquid (ASL), and the decreased pH impairs respiratory host defenses.	Bicarbonates	22-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
34512677-0	2021	Alpha Carbonic Anhydrase 5 Mediates Stimulation of ATP Synthesis by Bicarbonate in Isolated Arabidopsis Thylakoids.	Bicarbonates	68-79	alpha carbonic anhydrase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-26
34512677-4	2021	A possible mechanism of the photophosphorylation stimulation by bicarbonate that involves alphaCA5 is proposed.	Bicarbonates	64-75	alpha carbonic anhydrase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	90-98
34380739-1	2021	The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which catalyzes the interconversion of bicarbonate with carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, has been hypothesized to play a role in C3 photosynthesis.	Bicarbonates	75-86	carbonic anhydrase, chloroplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	11-29
34166230-5	2021	TNFalpha+IL-17 markedly increased ASL pH by upregulating pendrin, an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	80-84	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-8
34166230-5	2021	TNFalpha+IL-17 markedly increased ASL pH by upregulating pendrin, an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	80-84	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	9-14
34166230-5	2021	TNFalpha+IL-17 markedly increased ASL pH by upregulating pendrin, an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	80-84	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	57-64
34414034-1	2021	Background: DOG1 (ANO1; TMEM16A) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Bicarbonates	83-94	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
34391608-1	2021	Hemodialysis (HD) with bicarbonate dialysis fluid (DF) requires the presence of an acid to prevent the precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonate.	Bicarbonates	23-34	complement factor D	Homo sapiens	51-53
34414034-1	2021	Background: DOG1 (ANO1; TMEM16A) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Bicarbonates	83-94	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
34414034-1	2021	Background: DOG1 (ANO1; TMEM16A) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Bicarbonates	83-94	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	24-31
34255561-1	2021	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is one of the zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, leading to the formation of bicarbonate and proton.	Bicarbonates	149-160	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
34255561-1	2021	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is one of the zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, leading to the formation of bicarbonate and proton.	Bicarbonates	149-160	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
34068986-0	2021	The TRPA1 Agonist Cinnamaldehyde Induces the Secretion of HCO3- by the Porcine Colon.	Bicarbonates	58-63	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
34395482-13	2021	The low bicarbonate group showed a significantly rapid decline in eGFR (odds ratio (OR): 2.12; 95% CI: 1.39-3.22, P < 0.001) compared to the lower normal bicarbonate group.	Bicarbonates	8-19	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	66-70
34395482-13	2021	The low bicarbonate group showed a significantly rapid decline in eGFR (odds ratio (OR): 2.12; 95% CI: 1.39-3.22, P < 0.001) compared to the lower normal bicarbonate group.	Bicarbonates	154-165	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	66-70
34202364-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene: the gene product responsible for transporting chloride and bicarbonate ions through the apical membrane of most epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	194-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-121
34202364-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene: the gene product responsible for transporting chloride and bicarbonate ions through the apical membrane of most epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	194-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-127
34189282-1	2021	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has previously been shown to enhance the transepithelial secretion of Cl- and HCO3 - across the intestinal epithelia including Caco-2 monolayer, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not completely understood.	Bicarbonates	104-110	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	21-24
34189282-4	2021	Since the apical HCO3 - efflux through CFTR often required the intracellular H+/HCO3 - production and/or the Na+-dependent basolateral HCO3 - uptake, the intracellular pH (pHi) balance might be disturbed, especially as a consequence of increased endogenous H+ and HCO3 - production.	Bicarbonates	17-21	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
34189282-4	2021	Since the apical HCO3 - efflux through CFTR often required the intracellular H+/HCO3 - production and/or the Na+-dependent basolateral HCO3 - uptake, the intracellular pH (pHi) balance might be disturbed, especially as a consequence of increased endogenous H+ and HCO3 - production.	Bicarbonates	17-21	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	172-175
34189282-4	2021	Since the apical HCO3 - efflux through CFTR often required the intracellular H+/HCO3 - production and/or the Na+-dependent basolateral HCO3 - uptake, the intracellular pH (pHi) balance might be disturbed, especially as a consequence of increased endogenous H+ and HCO3 - production.	Bicarbonates	80-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
34189282-4	2021	Since the apical HCO3 - efflux through CFTR often required the intracellular H+/HCO3 - production and/or the Na+-dependent basolateral HCO3 - uptake, the intracellular pH (pHi) balance might be disturbed, especially as a consequence of increased endogenous H+ and HCO3 - production.	Bicarbonates	135-141	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
34189282-4	2021	Since the apical HCO3 - efflux through CFTR often required the intracellular H+/HCO3 - production and/or the Na+-dependent basolateral HCO3 - uptake, the intracellular pH (pHi) balance might be disturbed, especially as a consequence of increased endogenous H+ and HCO3 - production.	Bicarbonates	264-270	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
34189282-4	2021	Since the apical HCO3 - efflux through CFTR often required the intracellular H+/HCO3 - production and/or the Na+-dependent basolateral HCO3 - uptake, the intracellular pH (pHi) balance might be disturbed, especially as a consequence of increased endogenous H+ and HCO3 - production.	Bicarbonates	264-270	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	172-175
34189282-5	2021	However, measurement of pHi by a pH-sensitive dye suggested that the PTH-exposed Caco-2 cells were able to maintain normal pH despite robust HCO3 - transport.	Bicarbonates	141-145	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	69-72
34189282-6	2021	In addition, although the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is normally essential for basolateral HCO3 - uptake and other transporters (e.g., NHE1), PTH did not induce insertion of new NKA molecules into the basolateral membrane as determined by membrane protein biotinylation technique.	Bicarbonates	100-104	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	42-55
34189282-6	2021	In addition, although the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is normally essential for basolateral HCO3 - uptake and other transporters (e.g., NHE1), PTH did not induce insertion of new NKA molecules into the basolateral membrane as determined by membrane protein biotinylation technique.	Bicarbonates	100-104	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
34110521-1	2021	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The sodium (Na+) and hydrogen (H+) exchanger 3 (NHE3), known as solute carrier family 9 member 3 (SLC9A3), mediates active transcellular Na+ and bicarbonate reabsorption in the small intestine of the gut and proximal tubules of the kidney.	Bicarbonates	164-175	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	67-71
34110521-1	2021	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The sodium (Na+) and hydrogen (H+) exchanger 3 (NHE3), known as solute carrier family 9 member 3 (SLC9A3), mediates active transcellular Na+ and bicarbonate reabsorption in the small intestine of the gut and proximal tubules of the kidney.	Bicarbonates	164-175	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	117-123
34090606-2	2021	Mutations in CFTR, the gene encoding the epithelial ion channel that normally transports chloride and bicarbonate, lead to impaired mucus hydration and clearance.	Bicarbonates	102-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
34326672-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia.	Bicarbonates	206-217	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	105-143
34326672-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia.	Bicarbonates	206-217	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	145-149
34219652-4	2021	Na+/H+-exchange elevates pHi preferentially in estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinomas, whereas Na+,HCO3--cotransport raises pHi more in invasive lobular than ductal breast carcinomas and in higher malignancy grade breast cancer.	Bicarbonates	105-109	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	130-133
34219652-6	2021	Increased dependency on Na+,HCO3--cotransport associates with severe breast cancer: enlarged CO2/HCO3--dependent rises in pHi predict accelerated cell proliferation; whereas enhanced CO2/HCO3--dependent net acid extrusion, elevated NBCn1 protein expression, and reduced NHE1 protein expression predict lymph node metastasis.	Bicarbonates	28-32	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	122-125
34219652-6	2021	Increased dependency on Na+,HCO3--cotransport associates with severe breast cancer: enlarged CO2/HCO3--dependent rises in pHi predict accelerated cell proliferation; whereas enhanced CO2/HCO3--dependent net acid extrusion, elevated NBCn1 protein expression, and reduced NHE1 protein expression predict lymph node metastasis.	Bicarbonates	97-101	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	122-125
34219652-9	2021	NBCn1 expression and dependency on Na+,HCO3--cotransport for pHi regulation, measured in biopsies of human primary breast carcinomas, independently predict proliferative activity, lymph node metastasis, and patient survival.	Bicarbonates	39-43	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	0-5
34219652-9	2021	NBCn1 expression and dependency on Na+,HCO3--cotransport for pHi regulation, measured in biopsies of human primary breast carcinomas, independently predict proliferative activity, lymph node metastasis, and patient survival.	Bicarbonates	39-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	61-64
34359861-5	2021	For instance, in physiological conditions, stimulation of the secretin receptor determines an increase of intracellular levels of cAMP, thus activating a series of molecular events, finally determining in bicarbonate-enriched choleresis.	Bicarbonates	205-216	secretin receptor	Homo sapiens	62-79
34027905-3	2021	RECENT FINDINGS: In the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting duct , CFTR functions in very similar terms as established in the exocrine pancreatic duct and both CFTR and SLC26A4 (pendrin) orchestrate regulated HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	215-219	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	166-170
34027905-3	2021	RECENT FINDINGS: In the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting duct , CFTR functions in very similar terms as established in the exocrine pancreatic duct and both CFTR and SLC26A4 (pendrin) orchestrate regulated HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	215-219	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	175-182
34027905-3	2021	RECENT FINDINGS: In the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting duct , CFTR functions in very similar terms as established in the exocrine pancreatic duct and both CFTR and SLC26A4 (pendrin) orchestrate regulated HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	215-219	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	184-191
34027905-4	2021	Like in the pancreas, the hormone secretin is a key agonist to activate renal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	78-82	secretin	Homo sapiens	34-42
34083809-6	2021	Namely, to prevent changes in intracellular pH that could lead to cell death, HIF1 orchestrates a bicarbonate buffering system in the disc, controlled by carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and CA12, sodium bicarbonate cotransporters and an intracellular H+/lactate efflux mechanism.	Bicarbonates	98-109	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	78-82
34083809-6	2021	Namely, to prevent changes in intracellular pH that could lead to cell death, HIF1 orchestrates a bicarbonate buffering system in the disc, controlled by carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and CA12, sodium bicarbonate cotransporters and an intracellular H+/lactate efflux mechanism.	Bicarbonates	98-109	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	154-174
34083809-6	2021	Namely, to prevent changes in intracellular pH that could lead to cell death, HIF1 orchestrates a bicarbonate buffering system in the disc, controlled by carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and CA12, sodium bicarbonate cotransporters and an intracellular H+/lactate efflux mechanism.	Bicarbonates	98-109	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	176-179
34100381-1	2021	SLC26A6 (also known as putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1)) is a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger expressed at the luminal membrane of enterocytes where it facilitates intestinal Cl- and fluid absorption.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
34100381-1	2021	SLC26A6 (also known as putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1)) is a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger expressed at the luminal membrane of enterocytes where it facilitates intestinal Cl- and fluid absorption.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	23-51
34100381-1	2021	SLC26A6 (also known as putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1)) is a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger expressed at the luminal membrane of enterocytes where it facilitates intestinal Cl- and fluid absorption.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	53-57
34068986-9	2021	We suggest that cinnamaldehyde stimulates the secretion of HCO3- via apical CFTR and basolateral Na+-HCO3- cotransport, preventing acidosis and damage to the epithelium and the colonic microbiome.	Bicarbonates	59-63	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
34707004-2	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduction regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride channel, which is very important for the regulation of epithelial fluid, chloride ion, and bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	180-191	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	52-56
34078817-0	2021	Increasing Tumor Extracellular pH by an Oral Alkalinizing Agent Improves Antitumor Responses of Anti-PD-1 Antibody: Implication of Relationships between Serum Bicarbonate Concentrations, Urinary pH, and Therapeutic Outcomes.	Bicarbonates	159-170	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	101-105
35500753-6	2022	The beta-estradiol stimulation attenuated oxalate or bicarbonate transporting activities through SLC26A6.	Bicarbonates	53-64	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	97-104
35623009-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion is integral to the pancreas" ability to produce the alkaline pancreatic juice required for proper activation of enzymes for digestion.	Bicarbonates	95-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-65
35623009-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion is integral to the pancreas" ability to produce the alkaline pancreatic juice required for proper activation of enzymes for digestion.	Bicarbonates	95-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
35628132-6	2022	This study presents the evidence that recovery of neuronal Cl- and HCO3- concentrations after desensitization is accompanied by a change in the intracellular ATP concentration via ATPase performance.	Bicarbonates	67-72	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	180-186
35453033-1	2022	Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients.	Bicarbonates	123-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-71
35453033-1	2022	Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients.	Bicarbonates	123-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
35635440-3	2022	Bicarbonate is critical for correct mucin deployment and there is increasing interest in understanding its role in airway physiology, particularly in the initiation of lung disease in children affected by cystic fibrosis, in the absence of detectable bacterial infection.	Bicarbonates	0-11	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	36-41
35635440-5	2022	However, both channels can couple to SLC26A4 anion exchanger to maximise bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	73-84	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	37-44
35635440-7	2022	We report herein that the electrogenic, sodium-dependent, bicarbonate cotransporter, SLC4A4, is expressed in the basolateral membrane of human and mouse airways, and that it"s pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing reduces bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	58-69	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
35635440-7	2022	We report herein that the electrogenic, sodium-dependent, bicarbonate cotransporter, SLC4A4, is expressed in the basolateral membrane of human and mouse airways, and that it"s pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing reduces bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	232-243	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
35635440-10	2022	Collectively, our results demonstrate that the reduction of SLC4A4 function induced a CF-like phenotype, even when chloride secretion remained intact, highlighting the important role SLC4A4 plays in bicarbonate secretion and mammalian airway function.	Bicarbonates	199-210	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
35635440-10	2022	Collectively, our results demonstrate that the reduction of SLC4A4 function induced a CF-like phenotype, even when chloride secretion remained intact, highlighting the important role SLC4A4 plays in bicarbonate secretion and mammalian airway function.	Bicarbonates	199-210	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	183-189
35608921-4	2022	SLC26A3 (originally named DRA, down-regulated in adenoma) is an anion exchanger of chloride, bicarbonate and oxalate thought to facilitate intestinal oxalate absorption, as evidenced by ~70% reduced urine oxalate excretion in knock-out mice.	Bicarbonates	93-104	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-7
35608921-4	2022	SLC26A3 (originally named DRA, down-regulated in adenoma) is an anion exchanger of chloride, bicarbonate and oxalate thought to facilitate intestinal oxalate absorption, as evidenced by ~70% reduced urine oxalate excretion in knock-out mice.	Bicarbonates	93-104	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	26-29
35608921-5	2022	We previously identified, by high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry, a small molecule SLC26A3 inhibitor (DRAinh-A270) that selectively inhibited SLC26A3-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange (IC50 ~ 35 nM), and, as found here, oxalate/chloride exchange (IC50 ~ 60 nM).	Bicarbonates	182-193	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	97-104
35608921-5	2022	We previously identified, by high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry, a small molecule SLC26A3 inhibitor (DRAinh-A270) that selectively inhibited SLC26A3-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange (IC50 ~ 35 nM), and, as found here, oxalate/chloride exchange (IC50 ~ 60 nM).	Bicarbonates	182-193	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	156-163
35562544-3	2022	Soda lakes are natural environments rich in carbonate and bicarbonate water, resulting in elevated pH and salinities that frequently approach saturation.	Bicarbonates	58-69	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	99-101
35168101-5	2022	The inhibitory effects of bicarbonate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on micropollutant degradation was more significant in the presence of Cl- than that in the absence of Cl-, mainly due to the consumption of Cl2 - by bicarbonate and DOM.	Bicarbonates	26-37	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	213-216
35168101-5	2022	The inhibitory effects of bicarbonate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on micropollutant degradation was more significant in the presence of Cl- than that in the absence of Cl-, mainly due to the consumption of Cl2 - by bicarbonate and DOM.	Bicarbonates	222-233	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	213-216
35601831-3	2022	However, the identity of proteins that interact with the Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger, SLC26A4 (pendrin), have yet to be determined.	Bicarbonates	61-65	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	79-86
35532160-1	2022	The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride/bicarbonate ion channel in epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	94-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Macaca mulatta	4-55
35532160-1	2022	The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride/bicarbonate ion channel in epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	94-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Macaca mulatta	57-61
35601831-3	2022	However, the identity of proteins that interact with the Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger, SLC26A4 (pendrin), have yet to be determined.	Bicarbonates	61-65	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	88-95
35601831-11	2022	Functional and confocal studies in HEK-293 cells, as well as confocal studies in MDCK cells, demonstrated that the co-transfection of pendrin and IQGAP1 shows strong co-localization of the two molecules on the plasma membrane along with enhanced Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger activity.	Bicarbonates	250-254	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Canis lupus familiaris	134-141
35601831-11	2022	Functional and confocal studies in HEK-293 cells, as well as confocal studies in MDCK cells, demonstrated that the co-transfection of pendrin and IQGAP1 shows strong co-localization of the two molecules on the plasma membrane along with enhanced Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger activity.	Bicarbonates	250-254	IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	146-152
35119514-5	2022	Biliary basal and more so TUDCA-stimulated HCO3- output were significantly reduced in car14-/- mice of all age groups, whereas bile flow and hepatic and ductular morphology were normal at young age.	Bicarbonates	43-48	carbonic anhydrase 14	Mus musculus	86-91
35501411-9	2022	The AKI Risk Score (AKI-RiSc) was a summation of the integer scores of 6 variables: serum creatinine, serum bicarbonate, pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and age.	Bicarbonates	108-119	serine carboxypeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
35224991-1	2022	Pendrin is an intercalated cell Cl-/HCO3- exchanger thought to participate in K+-sparing NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	36-40	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
35529677-2	2022	We found that pharmacological inhibition of the acid loader chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2), with 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonicacid (DIDS) enhancedCD4+ andCD8+ T cell function upon TCR activation in vitro, especially under low pH conditions.	Bicarbonates	69-80	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	81-98
35529677-2	2022	We found that pharmacological inhibition of the acid loader chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2), with 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonicacid (DIDS) enhancedCD4+ andCD8+ T cell function upon TCR activation in vitro, especially under low pH conditions.	Bicarbonates	69-80	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	100-103
35063782-6	2022	In addition, the highest sorption affinity for As(V) uptake by S-siderite is attributed to the precipitation of symplesite (FeII3(AsVO4)2 8H2O), whereas the lowest sorption affinity for As(III) uptake by S-siderite was due to bicarbonates generated by the faster dissolution of S-siderite competing for sorption sites.	Bicarbonates	226-238	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	47-52
35244217-2	2022	In cardiomyocytes, voltage-sensitive H+ channel activity mediated by the HVCN1 proton channel would be a highly efficient means of disposing of H+ , while avoiding Na+ loading, as occurs during direct acid extrusion via Na+ /H+ exchange or indirect acid extrusion via Na+ -HCO3 - cotransport.	Bicarbonates	273-277	hydrogen voltage gated channel 1	Canis lupus familiaris	73-78
35119514-7	2022	Membrane-bound Car14 is essential for biliary HCO3- output, and its loss results in gradual development of small bile duct disease and hepatic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	46-51	carbonic anhydrase 14	Mus musculus	15-20
35305629-2	2022	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of homo sapiens solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4), which encodes the electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter isoform 1 (NBCe1), in the development and progression of PCa.	Bicarbonates	151-155	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	73-105
35548416-3	2022	In the heart two different NBC isoforms have been described: the electroneutral NBCn1 (1Na+:1  HCO 3 -   ) and the electrogenic NBCe1 (1Na+:2  HCO 3 -   ).	Bicarbonates	95-100	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	27-30
35548416-3	2022	In the heart two different NBC isoforms have been described: the electroneutral NBCn1 (1Na+:1  HCO 3 -   ) and the electrogenic NBCe1 (1Na+:2  HCO 3 -   ).	Bicarbonates	95-100	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	80-85
35548416-3	2022	In the heart two different NBC isoforms have been described: the electroneutral NBCn1 (1Na+:1  HCO 3 -   ) and the electrogenic NBCe1 (1Na+:2  HCO 3 -   ).	Bicarbonates	143-148	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	27-30
35428883-8	2022	The results show that column packing material is successful to separate inorganic anions mixture such as F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3- by using the carbonate and bicarbonate solutions as mobile phases.	Bicarbonates	157-168	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	125-128
35455747-6	2022	The effect of the CFTR modulator combination ELX/TEZ/IVA on CFTR-mediated Cl- and HCO3- secretion was assessed in organoid-derived intestinal epithelial monolayers.	Bicarbonates	82-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-64
35455747-9	2022	RESULTS: ELX/TEZ/IVA markedly enhanced CFTR-mediated bicarbonate and chloride transport across intestinal epithelium of both patients.	Bicarbonates	53-64	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
35455747-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Current measurements in organoid-derived intestinal monolayers can readily be used to monitor CFTR-dependent epithelial Cl- and HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	141-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
35454259-5	2022	In vitro capacitation using bicarbonate elicits an increase in the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts of almost all studied Ca2+ channels, except CatSper-delta and TRPC1 (significantly reduced).	Bicarbonates	28-39	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1	Sus scrofa	168-173
35392868-2	2022	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene leads to impaired bicarbonate secretion contributing to CF airway pathology.	Bicarbonates	99-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	17-68
35392868-2	2022	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene leads to impaired bicarbonate secretion contributing to CF airway pathology.	Bicarbonates	99-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	70-74
35392868-4	2022	We hypothesize that bicarbonate-containing aerosols could be beneficial for patients with CFTR dysfunctions.	Bicarbonates	20-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	90-94
35285625-0	2022	Evidence Supporting Substrate Channeling between Domains of Human PAICS: A Time-Course Analysis of 13C-Bicarbonate Incorporation.	Bicarbonates	103-114	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Homo sapiens	66-71
35109661-2	2022	Type B intercalated cells mediate Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion, which occurs largely through the anion exchanger pendrin.	Bicarbonates	53-58	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	119-126
35343436-8	2022	Also, the value of HCO3- was inversely correlated with dialysis vintage (r = -0.432, p = 0.005) and serum albumin (r = -0.427, p = 0.005).	Bicarbonates	19-23	albumin	Homo sapiens	106-113
35109661-5	2022	Pendrin-mediated HCO3- secretion increases in models of metabolic alkalosis, which attenuates the alkalosis.	Bicarbonates	17-22	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
35100665-9	2022	We have previously shown that infection with Salmonella caused decreased colonic expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (Down-Regulated in Adenoma; DRA) in a mouse model.	Bicarbonates	108-119	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	130-137
35100665-9	2022	We have previously shown that infection with Salmonella caused decreased colonic expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (Down-Regulated in Adenoma; DRA) in a mouse model.	Bicarbonates	108-119	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	166-169
35305629-2	2022	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of homo sapiens solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4), which encodes the electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter isoform 1 (NBCe1), in the development and progression of PCa.	Bicarbonates	151-155	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	107-113
35201340-11	2022	Inhibition of the HCO3--dependent adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A induced significant pHa changes.	Bicarbonates	18-22	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	92-95
34990652-1	2022	An attractive approach to treat people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), a life-shortening disease caused by mutant CFTR, is to compensate for the absence of this chloride/bicarbonate channel by activating alternative (non-CFTR) chloride channels.	Bicarbonates	165-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
35340411-13	2022	Functional enrichment analysis showed that the top 100 positively and top 100 negatively GCG-correlated genes were mainly enriched in three signaling pathways including ribosome, nitrogen metabolism, and proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation.	Bicarbonates	220-231	glucagon	Homo sapiens	89-92
35196991-9	2022	We have demonstrated that cAMP-mediated and Ca2+-mediated pathways are involved in HCO3- secretion and that apical HCO3- secretion is largely mediated by CFTR and H2DIDS-sensitive Cl--HCO3- exchanger, most likely Slc26a9.	Bicarbonates	184-188	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	213-220
35196991-3	2022	Functional studies demonstrated that CFTR, ENaC, Cl--HCO3- exchange, Na+-H+ exchange, and Na+-HCO3- cotransport are involved in apical HCO3-/H+ transport.	Bicarbonates	135-139	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	37-41
35124009-10	2022	These results suggest that azPC stimulates renal PT sodium-coupled bicarbonate transport via a CD36/PPARgamma/MEK/ERK pathway.	Bicarbonates	67-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	100-109
35124009-10	2022	These results suggest that azPC stimulates renal PT sodium-coupled bicarbonate transport via a CD36/PPARgamma/MEK/ERK pathway.	Bicarbonates	67-78	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
35269829-1	2022	The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	184-195	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-131
35269829-1	2022	The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	197-202	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-131
35269829-1	2022	The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	197-202	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
35196991-3	2022	Functional studies demonstrated that CFTR, ENaC, Cl--HCO3- exchange, Na+-H+ exchange, and Na+-HCO3- cotransport are involved in apical HCO3-/H+ transport.	Bicarbonates	135-139	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	43-47
35227018-3	2022	While pendrin drives chloride reabsorption and bicarbonate, thiocyanate or iodide secretion within the apical compartment, CFTR represents a pathway for the apical efflux of chloride, bicarbonate, and possibly iodide.	Bicarbonates	184-195	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-127
35196991-9	2022	We have demonstrated that cAMP-mediated and Ca2+-mediated pathways are involved in HCO3- secretion and that apical HCO3- secretion is largely mediated by CFTR and H2DIDS-sensitive Cl--HCO3- exchanger, most likely Slc26a9.	Bicarbonates	115-119	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	154-158
35196991-9	2022	We have demonstrated that cAMP-mediated and Ca2+-mediated pathways are involved in HCO3- secretion and that apical HCO3- secretion is largely mediated by CFTR and H2DIDS-sensitive Cl--HCO3- exchanger, most likely Slc26a9.	Bicarbonates	115-119	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	213-220
35173044-10	2022	This is caused by defective HCO3 - secretion in the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting duct that requires both the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and pendrin for normal function (P. Berg et al., J.	Bicarbonates	28-32	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	122-173
35173044-10	2022	This is caused by defective HCO3 - secretion in the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting duct that requires both the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and pendrin for normal function (P. Berg et al., J.	Bicarbonates	28-32	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	175-179
35173044-10	2022	This is caused by defective HCO3 - secretion in the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting duct that requires both the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and pendrin for normal function (P. Berg et al., J.	Bicarbonates	28-32	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	185-192
35227018-6	2022	Bicarbonate secretion occurs via pendrin, which also drives chloride reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	33-40
35227018-4	2022	In the airways, pendrin and CFTR seems to be involved in alkalinization of the apical fluid via bicarbonate secretion, especially during inflammation, while CFTR also controls the volume of the apical fluid via a cAMP-dependent chloride secretion, which is stimulated by pendrin.	Bicarbonates	96-107	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	16-23
35227018-4	2022	In the airways, pendrin and CFTR seems to be involved in alkalinization of the apical fluid via bicarbonate secretion, especially during inflammation, while CFTR also controls the volume of the apical fluid via a cAMP-dependent chloride secretion, which is stimulated by pendrin.	Bicarbonates	96-107	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
35156711-2	2022	NBCe1 has an ordered substrate-binding kinetics with HCO3 - preceding the binding of Na+ .	Bicarbonates	53-57	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
35156711-5	2022	The substrate-binding pocket of NBCe1 contains just two coordination sites for HCO3 - or CO3 2- .	Bicarbonates	79-83	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	32-37
35156711-17	2022	Abstract figure legend: The Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporter NBCe1 mediates the transmembrane movement of 1Na+ + 1 HCO3 - + 1 CO3 2- when operating in the "efflux" mode, or 1 Na+ + 2 HCO3 - when operating in the "influx" mode.	Bicarbonates	33-37	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	54-59
35156711-8	2022	Here, we employed molecular biology, electrophysiology, and structural biology approaches to investigate the molecular mechanism for the coupling of Na+ and HCO3 - in NBCe1.	Bicarbonates	157-163	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	167-172
35156711-17	2022	Abstract figure legend: The Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporter NBCe1 mediates the transmembrane movement of 1Na+ + 1 HCO3 - + 1 CO3 2- when operating in the "efflux" mode, or 1 Na+ + 2 HCO3 - when operating in the "influx" mode.	Bicarbonates	108-112	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	54-59
35156711-17	2022	Abstract figure legend: The Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporter NBCe1 mediates the transmembrane movement of 1Na+ + 1 HCO3 - + 1 CO3 2- when operating in the "efflux" mode, or 1 Na+ + 2 HCO3 - when operating in the "influx" mode.	Bicarbonates	176-180	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	54-59
35156711-9	2022	In Xenopus oocytes, decreasing extracellular (HCO3 - ) from 66 mm to 4 mm progressively decreases the Na+ affinity of NBCe1.	Bicarbonates	46-52	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	118-123
35156711-21	2022	Kinetically, the binding of HCO3 - precedes the binding of Na+ in NBCe1 when operating in the "influx" mode.	Bicarbonates	28-32	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	66-71
35156711-11	2022	The residues responsible for the coordination of Na+ and HCO3 - in the substrate pocket of NBCe1 were determined by mutational and molecular simulation studies.	Bicarbonates	57-61	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	91-96
35156711-12	2022	Mutation to the residues for HCO3 - coordination decreases the affinities of NBCe1 to both Na+ and HCO3 - .	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	77-82
35156711-12	2022	Mutation to the residues for HCO3 - coordination decreases the affinities of NBCe1 to both Na+ and HCO3 - .	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	77-82
35156711-14	2022	Molecular simulation showed that NBCe1 has the capacity to coordinate only two ions of HCO3 - or CO3 2- .	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	33-38
35156711-15	2022	We propose that (1) NBCe1 has an ordered substrate-binding kinetics with the binding of HCO3 - preceding that of Na+ ; (2) NBCe1 operating in the influx mode moves 1Na+ + 2HCO3 - , whereas NBCe1 in the efflux mode moves 1Na+ + 1HCO3 - + 1CO3 2- .	Bicarbonates	88-92	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	20-25
35156711-15	2022	We propose that (1) NBCe1 has an ordered substrate-binding kinetics with the binding of HCO3 - preceding that of Na+ ; (2) NBCe1 operating in the influx mode moves 1Na+ + 2HCO3 - , whereas NBCe1 in the efflux mode moves 1Na+ + 1HCO3 - + 1CO3 2- .	Bicarbonates	88-92	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	123-128
35156711-15	2022	We propose that (1) NBCe1 has an ordered substrate-binding kinetics with the binding of HCO3 - preceding that of Na+ ; (2) NBCe1 operating in the influx mode moves 1Na+ + 2HCO3 - , whereas NBCe1 in the efflux mode moves 1Na+ + 1HCO3 - + 1CO3 2- .	Bicarbonates	88-92	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	189-194
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	59-63	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	46-53
35156780-1	2022	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a chloride and bicarbonate channel in secretory epithelia with a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	77-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
35156780-1	2022	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a chloride and bicarbonate channel in secretory epithelia with a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	77-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
34698863-1	2022	The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in C4 plants is initiated by the uptake of bicarbonate (HCO3 -) via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC).	Bicarbonates	81-92	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	106-137
34698863-1	2022	The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in C4 plants is initiated by the uptake of bicarbonate (HCO3 -) via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC).	Bicarbonates	81-92	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	139-143
34698863-1	2022	The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in C4 plants is initiated by the uptake of bicarbonate (HCO3 -) via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC).	Bicarbonates	94-100	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	106-137
34698863-1	2022	The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in C4 plants is initiated by the uptake of bicarbonate (HCO3 -) via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC).	Bicarbonates	94-100	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	139-143
34698863-2	2022	Generation of HCO3 - for PEPC is determined by the interaction between mesophyll CO2 conductance (gm) and the hydration of CO2 to HCO3 - by carbonic anhydrase (CA).	Bicarbonates	14-18	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	25-29
34698863-2	2022	Generation of HCO3 - for PEPC is determined by the interaction between mesophyll CO2 conductance (gm) and the hydration of CO2 to HCO3 - by carbonic anhydrase (CA).	Bicarbonates	130-134	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	25-29
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	59-63	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	207-211	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	17-21
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	207-211	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	23-40
35164091-1	2022	Carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) is strongly related with gastric, glaucoma, tumors, malignant brain, renal and pancreatic carcinomas and is mainly involved in the regulation of the bicarbonate concentration in the eyes.	Bicarbonates	179-190	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
35164091-1	2022	Carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) is strongly related with gastric, glaucoma, tumors, malignant brain, renal and pancreatic carcinomas and is mainly involved in the regulation of the bicarbonate concentration in the eyes.	Bicarbonates	179-190	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	207-211	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	46-53
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	207-211	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	228-232	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	17-21
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	228-232	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	23-40
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	228-232	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	46-53
35076190-1	2022	BACKGROUND/AIMS: NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger3) and SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, DRA) are the major components of the intestinal neutral NaCl absorptive process and based on the intestinal segment, contribute to HCO3- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	228-232	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
35047763-0	2022	The ClC Cl- channel CLH-1 mediates HCO3 - efflux from the amphid sheath glia in C. elegans.	Bicarbonates	35-39	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	20-25
35038100-6	2022	PC1 comprises EC, TDS, As, Fe, TOC, and HCO3- with moderate loadings, which suggests microbially mediated degradation of organic matter (OM), helps in reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides.	Bicarbonates	40-44	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
35095513-5	2021	In the state of cholestasis, the activation of GPBAR1 could regulate liver inflammation, induce cholangiocyte regeneration to maintain the integrity of the biliary tree, control the hydrophobicity of the bile acid pool and promote the secretion of bile HCO3 -.	Bicarbonates	253-259	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	47-53
35047763-5	2022	We published that the Cl-/HCO3 - permeable channel CLH-1 mediates intracellular pH buffering of C. elegans Amphid sheath (AMsh) glia at baseline.	Bicarbonates	26-30	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	51-56
35047763-6	2022	We show here that, under physiological conditions, clh-1 knock out worms show reduced HCO3 - extrusion from AMsh glia, suggesting that CLH-1 may help prevent cellular alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	86-90	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	51-56
35047763-6	2022	We show here that, under physiological conditions, clh-1 knock out worms show reduced HCO3 - extrusion from AMsh glia, suggesting that CLH-1 may help prevent cellular alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	86-90	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	135-140
35053313-1	2022	Solute-linked cotransporter, SLC4A11, a member of the bicarbonate transporter family, is an electrogenic H+ transporter activated by NH3 and alkaline pH.	Bicarbonates	54-65	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter-like, member 11	Mus musculus	29-36
35013537-5	2022	The (13C)bicarbonate signal detected in the liver of fasted rats nearly vanished after treatment with a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, indicating that the signal originates from the flux through PEPCK.	Bicarbonates	9-20	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-137
35013537-5	2022	The (13C)bicarbonate signal detected in the liver of fasted rats nearly vanished after treatment with a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, indicating that the signal originates from the flux through PEPCK.	Bicarbonates	9-20	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
35013537-5	2022	The (13C)bicarbonate signal detected in the liver of fasted rats nearly vanished after treatment with a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, indicating that the signal originates from the flux through PEPCK.	Bicarbonates	9-20	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-222
35013537-6	2022	In addition, the normalized (13C)bicarbonate signal in fasted untreated animals is dose independent across a 10-fold range, highlighting that PEPCK and pyruvate carboxylase are not saturated and that hepatic gluconeogenesis can be directly probed in vivo with hyperpolarized (1-13C)pyruvate.	Bicarbonates	33-44	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-147
35013537-6	2022	In addition, the normalized (13C)bicarbonate signal in fasted untreated animals is dose independent across a 10-fold range, highlighting that PEPCK and pyruvate carboxylase are not saturated and that hepatic gluconeogenesis can be directly probed in vivo with hyperpolarized (1-13C)pyruvate.	Bicarbonates	33-44	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	152-172
35008963-1	2022	The Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1 is a member of SLC4A transporters that move HCO3- across cell membranes and regulate intracellular pH or transepithelial HCO3 transport.	Bicarbonates	7-11	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-31
35008963-1	2022	The Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1 is a member of SLC4A transporters that move HCO3- across cell membranes and regulate intracellular pH or transepithelial HCO3 transport.	Bicarbonates	76-81	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-31
35008963-1	2022	The Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1 is a member of SLC4A transporters that move HCO3- across cell membranes and regulate intracellular pH or transepithelial HCO3 transport.	Bicarbonates	153-157	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-31
35008963-2	2022	NBCe1 is highly selective to HCO3- and does not transport other anions; the molecular mechanism of anion selectivity is presently unclear.	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
35008963-9	2022	This finding indicates that the HCO3- selectivity in NBCe1 is established by avoiding a specific charge interaction in the ion binding site, rather than maintaining such an interaction.	Bicarbonates	32-36	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	53-58
35195598-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess if the peak bicarbonate level during secretin stimulation testing (SST) differs between patients with minimal change (or small duct) chronic pancreatitis (CP) versus those with obvious CP (or large duct) versus those without CP.	Bicarbonates	52-63	secretin	Homo sapiens	77-85
35195598-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess if the peak bicarbonate level during secretin stimulation testing (SST) differs between patients with minimal change (or small duct) chronic pancreatitis (CP) versus those with obvious CP (or large duct) versus those without CP.	Bicarbonates	52-63	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	195-197
35195598-6	2022	The peak bicarbonate of advanced CP and minimal change groups was less than controls (P < 0.001).	Bicarbonates	9-20	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	33-35
35195598-7	2022	There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) on direct testing between peak bicarbonate in advanced CP and minimal change CP.	Bicarbonates	77-88	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	101-103
35195598-8	2022	CONCLUSIONS: The peak bicarbonate and volume measured during SST differs among patients with minimal change CP, advanced CP and in disease controls.	Bicarbonates	22-33	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	108-110
35195598-8	2022	CONCLUSIONS: The peak bicarbonate and volume measured during SST differs among patients with minimal change CP, advanced CP and in disease controls.	Bicarbonates	22-33	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	121-123
2612013-4	1989	We conclude that (a) measurement of bicarbonate output in 30 min after an appropriate dose of secretin given as a bolus injection yields results that are comparable to those obtained when secretin and pancreozymin are given by constant intravenous infusion in doses to evoke maximal secretory responses; and (b) the yield of hormone tests using duodenal intubation is far from ideal.	Bicarbonates	36-47	secretin	Homo sapiens	94-102
35080763-4	2021	CA IX catalyzes reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion plus proton and cooperates with a spectrum of molecules transporting ions or metabolites across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	59-70	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
2514597-9	1989	These data support the hypotheses that CA V provides HCO3- for pyruvate carboxylase and that CO2 can be provided by tubular metabolism.	Bicarbonates	53-57	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
2514597-12	1989	These data also support the hypothesis that CA V provides the HCO3- substrate for pyruvate carboxylation when there is a high rate of intracellular CO2 production and external CO2 is low.	Bicarbonates	62-66	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
2514601-3	1989	Basal [Ca2+]i in T84 cells in Ringer-HCO3 solution was 76 +/- 4 nM and was decreased by exposure to Ca2+ free solution or 25 microM verapamil.	Bicarbonates	37-41	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	7-10
2514601-3	1989	Basal [Ca2+]i in T84 cells in Ringer-HCO3 solution was 76 +/- 4 nM and was decreased by exposure to Ca2+ free solution or 25 microM verapamil.	Bicarbonates	37-41	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	100-103
2686841-3	1989	Expression of AE3 cDNA in COS cells leads to chronic cytoplasmic acidification and to chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent changes in intracellular pH, confirming that this gene product is an anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	100-111	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
2610271-2	1989	Intracellular pH (pHi) was acutely lowered by NH3 prepulse in HCO3(-)-free medium buffered with 6 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid, and its recovery was measured thereafter under control conditions, in the presence of amiloride to inhibit Na(+)-H+ antiport, and in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	62-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
2603961-4	1989	Bath HCO3- reduction decreased intracellular pH (pHi), and this pHi decrease was attenuated by ACTZ.	Bicarbonates	5-9	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	49-52
2603961-4	1989	Bath HCO3- reduction decreased intracellular pH (pHi), and this pHi decrease was attenuated by ACTZ.	Bicarbonates	5-9	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	64-67
2531983-7	1989	These results indicate that TRH may serve as a central nervous system mediator that stimulates duodenal bicarbonate secretion in rats by increasing vagal outflow.	Bicarbonates	104-115	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2598416-2	1989	With the simultaneously determined arterial blood HCO3 concentration, the intramucosal pH (pHi) could be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.	Bicarbonates	50-54	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	91-94
2531983-8	1989	Vagal stimulation induced by TRH increases duodenal bicarbonate secretion by the release of VIP and, in part, by activation of a muscarinic pathway but not by pituitary, adrenal, and noradrenergic pathways or endogenous opiates and prostaglandins.	Bicarbonates	52-63	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
2531983-0	1989	TRH-induced vagal stimulation of duodenal HCO-3 mediated by VIP and muscarinic pathways.	Bicarbonates	42-47	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2531983-8	1989	Vagal stimulation induced by TRH increases duodenal bicarbonate secretion by the release of VIP and, in part, by activation of a muscarinic pathway but not by pituitary, adrenal, and noradrenergic pathways or endogenous opiates and prostaglandins.	Bicarbonates	52-63	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
2531983-0	1989	TRH-induced vagal stimulation of duodenal HCO-3 mediated by VIP and muscarinic pathways.	Bicarbonates	42-47	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
2627679-1	1989	In conscious pigs, intravenous infusion of serial doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8; 2.9-232.3 pmol.kg-1.min-1) upon a background of secretin resulted in a linear increase of plasma CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) concentration and evoked a dose-related increase of pancreatic volume and bicarbonate and protein outputs.	Bicarbonates	300-311	cholecystokinin	Sus scrofa	59-74
2531983-1	1989	The central nervous system effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion were studied in freely moving rats.	Bicarbonates	95-106	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	38-67
2531983-1	1989	The central nervous system effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion were studied in freely moving rats.	Bicarbonates	95-106	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
2531983-2	1989	Cerebroventricular administration of TRH (0.5-5.0 nmol) significantly stimulated basal duodenal bicarbonate secretion, whereas intravenous administration of TRH did not.	Bicarbonates	96-107	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
2531983-3	1989	Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine and truncal vagotomy abolished TRH-induced bicarbonate secretion, whereas atropine significantly attenuated the response.	Bicarbonates	84-95	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
2531983-4	1989	The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, (4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17) VIP given intravenously completely prevented the stimulatory effect of central TRH on duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	176-187	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
2531983-4	1989	The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, (4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17) VIP given intravenously completely prevented the stimulatory effect of central TRH on duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	176-187	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
2531983-4	1989	The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, (4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17) VIP given intravenously completely prevented the stimulatory effect of central TRH on duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	176-187	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
2531983-6	1989	Intravenous administration of VIP and carbachol significantly stimulated bicarbonate outputs, and these responses were blocked by the VIP antagonist and atropine, respectively.	Bicarbonates	73-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
2531983-6	1989	Intravenous administration of VIP and carbachol significantly stimulated bicarbonate outputs, and these responses were blocked by the VIP antagonist and atropine, respectively.	Bicarbonates	73-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
2627679-1	1989	In conscious pigs, intravenous infusion of serial doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8; 2.9-232.3 pmol.kg-1.min-1) upon a background of secretin resulted in a linear increase of plasma CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) concentration and evoked a dose-related increase of pancreatic volume and bicarbonate and protein outputs.	Bicarbonates	300-311	cholecystokinin	Sus scrofa	88-91
2801920-0	1989	Role of HCO3- in regulation of cytoplasmic pH in ciliary epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	8-12	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	43-45
2594939-4	1989	The rate of pHi alkalinization under these conditions was bicarbonate-dependent, blocked by pre-incubation of the acini with 1 mM-DIDS, but unaffected by removal of extracellular sodium.	Bicarbonates	58-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
2557322-8	1989	RPE-L, RPE-C, and RPE-O were negatively correlated to the bicarbonate concentration of venous blood.	Bicarbonates	58-69	phosphatase and actin regulator 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
2552817-1	1989	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is believed to inhibit bicarbonate reabsorption by inhibiting Na-H antiport activity in proximal tubular brush-border membranes.	Bicarbonates	49-60	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
2552817-1	1989	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is believed to inhibit bicarbonate reabsorption by inhibiting Na-H antiport activity in proximal tubular brush-border membranes.	Bicarbonates	49-60	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
2801920-2	1989	1) Changing extracellular media from a nominally HCO3(-)-free solution to a solution containing 28 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2 at constant extracellular pH (7.4) resulted in a delayed alkalinization of pHi, which was 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS) sensitive and was inhibited in Na+-free medium and in Cl(-)-depleted cells.	Bicarbonates	49-56	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	192-195
2801920-3	1989	2) DIDS pretreatment acidified pHi in HCO3(-)-containing media.	Bicarbonates	38-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	31-34
2801920-6	1989	5) Recovery of pHi after an alkali load (acetate prepulse) had a HCO3(-)-dependent and DIDS-sensitive component.	Bicarbonates	65-70	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	15-18
2801920-7	1989	6) Two Na+-dependent components participated in pHi regulation after an acid load (NH4+ prepulse) in HCO3(-)-containing solution.	Bicarbonates	101-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	48-51
2801920-10	1989	Cl(-)-dependent Na+-HCO3-symport regulates pHi during steady state and after an acid load, and Na+-independent Cl(-)-HCO3-exchange is involved in pHi recovery after an alkali load.	Bicarbonates	20-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	43-46
2801920-10	1989	Cl(-)-dependent Na+-HCO3-symport regulates pHi during steady state and after an acid load, and Na+-independent Cl(-)-HCO3-exchange is involved in pHi recovery after an alkali load.	Bicarbonates	117-121	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	146-149
2480464-2	1989	Intravenous infusion of CCK-8 in three different doses of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.12 micrograms/kg-hr increased pancreatic secretion of volume, bicarbonate, amylase and trypsin outputs dose-dependently.	Bicarbonates	137-148	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
2551179-6	1989	In HCO3-CO2-buffered solutions, pHi was 7.15, and buffer capacity was relatively insensitive to pHi between pHi of 6.6 and 7.2.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
2551179-11	1989	Rate of HCO3 transport during Cl-free treatment increased at alkaline resting pHi.	Bicarbonates	8-12	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
2551181-1	1989	Ursodeoxycholate (UDC)-induced HCO3- -rich choleresis may be due to activation of sinusoidal Na+-H+ exchange followed by an increase in intracellular pH (pHi) and HCO3- excretion via canalicular Cl- -HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
2782409-1	1989	Na- and HCO3-coupled recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) after acid loading was demonstrated in rabbit parietal cells.	Bicarbonates	8-12	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	51-54
2782409-5	1989	In solutions containing 1 mM amiloride, which blocked Na-H exchange, pHi recovered only if Na and HCO3 were both present.	Bicarbonates	98-102	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-72
2782409-6	1989	This amiloride-resistant, Na- and HCO3-dependent pHi recovery was inhibited by 100 microM H2 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (reversibly) and occurred at equal rates in Cl-containing and Cl-free solutions.	Bicarbonates	34-38	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	49-52
2782409-7	1989	In NaCl solutions buffered with HCO3-CO2 and containing amiloride, after an acid load pHi recovers to pHi 7.0-7.1 solely through the activity of the Na-HCO3 cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	86-89
2506759-2	1989	Cl- removal causes reversal of apical Cl- -HCO3- exchange, resulting in a fall in intracellular Cl- activity (aiCl) and an increase in intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	43-47	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	153-156
2480464-3	1989	Simultaneous infusion of CCK-8 with secretin in a dose of 0.03 CU/kg-hr produced statistically greater pancreatic secretion of volume, bicarbonate, amylase and trypsin outputs than that by CCK-8 alone, and than the sum by secretin alone and CCK-8 alone in each dose.	Bicarbonates	135-146	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
2480464-3	1989	Simultaneous infusion of CCK-8 with secretin in a dose of 0.03 CU/kg-hr produced statistically greater pancreatic secretion of volume, bicarbonate, amylase and trypsin outputs than that by CCK-8 alone, and than the sum by secretin alone and CCK-8 alone in each dose.	Bicarbonates	135-146	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	36-44
2481729-3	1989	In the presence of CO2-HCO3-, the intracellular HCO3- activity (aiHCO3) was estimated from pHi.	Bicarbonates	23-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	91-94
2481729-6	1989	In a solution containing 30 mM-HCO3- (equilibrated with 5% CO2 + 95% air; pH 7.4), the GABA-induced increase in conductance was associated with a depolarization of about 15 mV, with an increase in aiCl and with a decrease in aiHCO3.	Bicarbonates	31-35	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	197-201
2481729-10	1989	The GABA-induced increase in aiCl which took place in the presence of HCO3- was blocked by clamping the membrane potential at its resting level.	Bicarbonates	70-74	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	29-33
2682521-4	1989	Renin release from time controls superfused with a bicarbonate-free Ringer was identical to release from glomeruli superfused with a bicarbonate Ringer.	Bicarbonates	51-62	renin	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
2682521-7	1989	15 mM NaCl stimulated renin release when bicarbonate was absent, while it caused an inhibition in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	41-52	renin	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
2682521-0	1989	Influence of bicarbonate on the sensitivity of renin release to sodium chloride.	Bicarbonates	13-24	renin	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
2682521-8	1989	When bicarbonate/chloride exchange was inhibited, addition of NaCl stimulated renin release even when bicarbonate was present.	Bicarbonates	5-16	renin	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
2682521-11	1989	Furthermore, the sensitivity of renin release to changes in NaCl concentrations is modulated by bicarbonate in a way that depends on a functioning anion-exchange mechanism.	Bicarbonates	96-107	renin	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
2595242-4	1989	The regression slope of cCa2+ on pH was made steeper by decreasing erythrocyte volume fraction and by increasing temperature and the concentrations of HCO3, calcium or albumin.	Bicarbonates	151-155	crystallin beta B2	Homo sapiens	24-28
2576148-1	1989	Hormonal stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange increased intracellular pH (pHi) in a dose-dependent manner in proximal tubules suspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) supplemented with 25 mM HCO3- and CO2 (KHB + HCO3).	Bicarbonates	186-190	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	68-71
2576148-2	1989	The maximum increase in pHi was approximately 45% of the response observed with segments suspended in bicarbonate-free buffer (KHB-HCO3) and the time required to achieve maximum pHi alterations was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in the presence of KHB + HCO3 when compared to responses obtained in KHB - HCO3.	Bicarbonates	102-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	24-27
2576148-2	1989	The maximum increase in pHi was approximately 45% of the response observed with segments suspended in bicarbonate-free buffer (KHB-HCO3) and the time required to achieve maximum pHi alterations was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in the presence of KHB + HCO3 when compared to responses obtained in KHB - HCO3.	Bicarbonates	131-135	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	24-27
2576148-2	1989	The maximum increase in pHi was approximately 45% of the response observed with segments suspended in bicarbonate-free buffer (KHB-HCO3) and the time required to achieve maximum pHi alterations was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in the presence of KHB + HCO3 when compared to responses obtained in KHB - HCO3.	Bicarbonates	266-270	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	24-27
2576148-3	1989	Dose-response curves for agonist-induced pHi increases were shifted to the right by a factor of 10 for segments suspended in KHB + HCO3.	Bicarbonates	131-135	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	41-44
2576148-4	1989	Increases in pHi induced by agonists in KHB + HCO3 were effectively blocked by pretreatment with 10 microM ethylisopropyl amiloride but not with the Cl-/HCO3- inhibitor, DIDS (0.1 mM, 30 min).	Bicarbonates	46-50	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	13-16
2576148-4	1989	Increases in pHi induced by agonists in KHB + HCO3 were effectively blocked by pretreatment with 10 microM ethylisopropyl amiloride but not with the Cl-/HCO3- inhibitor, DIDS (0.1 mM, 30 min).	Bicarbonates	153-157	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	13-16
2548385-2	1989	Steady-state pHi in bicarbonate-free media [extracellular pH (pHo) = 7.4] was 7.16 +/- 0.11 at 37 degrees C. With the use of the ammonium chloride prepulse technique, pHi was acidified, and the rate of return to resting pHi was determined.	Bicarbonates	20-31	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
2813856-5	1989	Intravenous CGRP (50 pmol/min) also lowered BP and increased the gastric clearance of [14C]aminopyrine, an indirect measure of gastric mucosal blood flow while basal gastric output of acid and bicarbonate was not altered.	Bicarbonates	193-204	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
2501142-2	1989	Intracerebroventricular infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (0.01-1 microgram/h), bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide, or corticotropin-releasing factor increased the bicarbonate secretion and the transmucosal electrical potential difference.	Bicarbonates	173-184	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	36-65
2501142-2	1989	Intracerebroventricular infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (0.01-1 microgram/h), bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide, or corticotropin-releasing factor increased the bicarbonate secretion and the transmucosal electrical potential difference.	Bicarbonates	173-184	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	98-123
2501142-2	1989	Intracerebroventricular infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (0.01-1 microgram/h), bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide, or corticotropin-releasing factor increased the bicarbonate secretion and the transmucosal electrical potential difference.	Bicarbonates	173-184	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	128-158
2561793-0	1989	Electrophysiological properties of rat CA1 pyramidal neurones in vitro modified by changes in extracellular bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	108-119	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
2561793-6	1989	In tetrodotoxin-poisoned neurones where presumed Ca2(+)-dependent potentials could be elicited in standard ACSF, perfusion with high-HCO3- ACSF lowered the activation threshold.	Bicarbonates	133-137	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
2548914-3	1989	The resting pHi measured in nominally bicarbonate free buffer with extra-cellular Na+ (Nao+ = 144 mM) and external pH (pHo) of 7.3 was about 6.8 in cells from F1, F2, and F3.	Bicarbonates	38-49	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
2502023-8	1989	However, during such a pHi-shift experiment, metabolically derived CO2 produces a concomitant change in intracellular HCO3- concentration [( HCO3-]i).	Bicarbonates	118-123	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
2502023-8	1989	However, during such a pHi-shift experiment, metabolically derived CO2 produces a concomitant change in intracellular HCO3- concentration [( HCO3-]i).	Bicarbonates	118-122	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
2502023-10	1989	With this increase in [HCO3-]i at constant pHi, KCl increased by 51 +/- 10 nm/s.	Bicarbonates	23-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	43-46
2544631-3	1989	Intravenous angiotensin II potently increased S1 PCT bicarbonate absorption (348 +/- 11 to 588 +/- 8 peq/min.min, P less than 0.001) and decreased tubular fluid cAMP (18 +/- 2 to 12 +/- 2 fmol/mm.min, P less than 0.05).	Bicarbonates	53-64	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
2544631-8	1989	In conclusion, these in vivo results suggest angiotensin II stimulates bicarbonate absorption in the S1 PCT by a G1-mediated depression in intracellular cAMP.	Bicarbonates	71-82	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	45-59
2544626-3	1989	Baseline pHi was higher (7.28 +/- 09) in +HCO3- than in -HCO3- (7.16 +/- 0.14).	Bicarbonates	42-46	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
2660594-2	1989	In the proximal tubule parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits reabsorption of both bicarbonate and phosphate.	Bicarbonates	79-90	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	23-42
2544626-3	1989	Baseline pHi was higher (7.28 +/- 09) in +HCO3- than in -HCO3- (7.16 +/- 0.14).	Bicarbonates	57-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
2544626-6	1989	The recovery of pHi from an intracellular acid load (maximum H+ efflux rate) was 50% higher in +HCO3- than in -HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	96-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
2544626-6	1989	The recovery of pHi from an intracellular acid load (maximum H+ efflux rate) was 50% higher in +HCO3- than in -HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	111-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
2544626-8	1989	The amiloride-independent pHi recovery in +HCO3- was inhibited 50-63% by DIDS and 79% by Na+ replacement but was unaffected by depletion of intracellular Cl-, suggesting that Cl-/HCO3- exchange is not involved.	Bicarbonates	43-47	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2544626-8	1989	The amiloride-independent pHi recovery in +HCO3- was inhibited 50-63% by DIDS and 79% by Na+ replacement but was unaffected by depletion of intracellular Cl-, suggesting that Cl-/HCO3- exchange is not involved.	Bicarbonates	179-183	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2544631-0	1989	Angiotensin II stimulates early proximal bicarbonate absorption in the rat by decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Bicarbonates	41-52	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
2544631-1	1989	These studies explored the hypothesis that angiotensin II increases bicarbonate absorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) by decreasing intracellular cAMP.	Bicarbonates	68-79	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	43-57
2528886-7	1989	Intravenous injections of alpha-r-ANP (10 micrograms kg-1 and 30 micrograms kg-1) increased duodenal HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent fashion.	Bicarbonates	101-105	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
2528886-8	1989	Based on the present findings, we suggest that hypervolaemia increases duodenal HCO3- secretion via release of ANP from the heart.	Bicarbonates	80-84	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
2660594-4	1989	In the thick ascending limb, both antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and glucagon inhibit bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	82-93	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	34-60
2660594-5	1989	In distal and cortical collecting tubules ADH stimulates net bicarbonate absorption and glucagon net bicarbonate secretion, which results in stimulation and inhibition of final urine acidification, respectively.	Bicarbonates	61-72	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	42-45
2660594-5	1989	In distal and cortical collecting tubules ADH stimulates net bicarbonate absorption and glucagon net bicarbonate secretion, which results in stimulation and inhibition of final urine acidification, respectively.	Bicarbonates	101-112	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	42-45
2543587-4	1989	Under CO2/HCO3- -free conditions, the hypertonic exposure raised pHi to a value near the calculated equilibrium position for a lens Na+/H+ exchanger.	Bicarbonates	10-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	65-68
2755773-2	1989	In the unstimulated gland perfused with HCO3-/CO2-buffered Ringer"s solution, pHi was 7.27 +/- 0.01.	Bicarbonates	40-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	78-81
2755773-8	1989	In the unstimulated gland, DIDS and the HCO3- -free perfusate caused decreases in pHi to 7.12 +/- 0.02 and 7.04 +/- 0.01 respectively.	Bicarbonates	40-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	82-85
2719108-0	1989	Effect of VIP antagonist on VIP-, PGE2-, and acid-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	70-81	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
2663608-5	1989	In all cases with biliary drainage, secretin produced a remarkable choleretic effect with a high concentration of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	114-125	secretin	Homo sapiens	36-44
2719108-0	1989	Effect of VIP antagonist on VIP-, PGE2-, and acid-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	70-81	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2719108-1	1989	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and luminal acidification are each potent stimulants of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	135-146	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
2719108-2	1989	The present experiments were performed to determine whether the recently described VIP antagonist, [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP, suppresses VIP-stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and to determine whether VIP serves as a mediator of bicarbonate secretion stimulated by acid or PGE2.	Bicarbonates	165-176	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
2719108-2	1989	The present experiments were performed to determine whether the recently described VIP antagonist, [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP, suppresses VIP-stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and to determine whether VIP serves as a mediator of bicarbonate secretion stimulated by acid or PGE2.	Bicarbonates	165-176	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
2719108-2	1989	The present experiments were performed to determine whether the recently described VIP antagonist, [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP, suppresses VIP-stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and to determine whether VIP serves as a mediator of bicarbonate secretion stimulated by acid or PGE2.	Bicarbonates	165-176	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
2719108-2	1989	The present experiments were performed to determine whether the recently described VIP antagonist, [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP, suppresses VIP-stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and to determine whether VIP serves as a mediator of bicarbonate secretion stimulated by acid or PGE2.	Bicarbonates	165-176	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
2719108-4	1989	The VIP antagonist inhibited duodenal bicarbonate secretion stimulated by both intravenous VIP and luminal acidification but not luminal PGE2.	Bicarbonates	38-49	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2719108-4	1989	The VIP antagonist inhibited duodenal bicarbonate secretion stimulated by both intravenous VIP and luminal acidification but not luminal PGE2.	Bicarbonates	38-49	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
2719108-5	1989	These findings suggest that VIP could be one mediator of acid-induced duodenal bicarbonate secretion and that the mechanism of PGE2-stimulated bicarbonate secretion is independent of VIP.	Bicarbonates	79-90	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
16666686-12	1989	The external carbonic anhydrase is important in the supply to the cells of free CO(2) from the dehydration of HCO(3) (-).	Bicarbonates	110-116	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	13-31
2539765-4	1989	The purpose of this experiment was to compare the ability of tris with bicarb to correct brain pH (pH B) during reperfusion after a 12-minute cardiac arrest.	Bicarbonates	71-77	prohibitin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	99-103
2724692-0	1989	Role of bicarbonate ion in the postjunctional action of cocaine in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens.	Bicarbonates	8-19	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
2724692-1	1989	In the HEPES-buffered physiological solution containing 20 mM bicarbonate ion, cocaine not only increased the sensitivity to norepinephrine but enhanced the maximal contractions to norepinephrine and methacholine in the rat vas deferens.	Bicarbonates	62-73	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	224-227
2724692-4	1989	These results suggest that bicarbonate ion is crucial for the postjunctional stimulatory action of cocaine in the rat vas deferens.	Bicarbonates	27-38	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
2725018-4	1989	Intracellular pH (pHi) was changed by manipulating the bicarbonate/CO2 ratio of the incubation medium, or by adding amiloride, a hydrogen/sodium antiport blocker.	Bicarbonates	55-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	14-16
2725018-4	1989	Intracellular pH (pHi) was changed by manipulating the bicarbonate/CO2 ratio of the incubation medium, or by adding amiloride, a hydrogen/sodium antiport blocker.	Bicarbonates	55-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
2565089-3	1989	CGRP caused significant inhibition of gastric acid (85-102%), pancreatic protein (63-86%), and pancreatic bicarbonate (74-89%) outputs and a simultaneous dose-related rise (40-102 fmol/ml) in plasma SS-IR.	Bicarbonates	106-117	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
2522833-13	1989	However, the presence of HCO3- significantly increased the resistance of myocardial cells to changes in pHi by approximately doubling their buffer capacity.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
2925061-3	1989	This increase in secretin coincided with a steady but significant increase in pancreatic secretion of volume and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	113-124	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	17-25
2469109-4	1989	in graded doses in dogs caused a small but significant stimulation of pancreatic HCO3- and protein outputs and potentiated secretin- and cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced pancreatic HCO3- but not protein secretion.	Bicarbonates	178-182	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	137-152
2648672-7	1989	Data suggest that CPAH toxicosis may be alleviated by treatment with fluids and bicarbonate to increase urinary pH and volume, thereby increasing excretion.	Bicarbonates	80-91	carboxypeptidase A6	Homo sapiens	18-22
2564256-1	1989	Renal acidification in renal proximal tubule is thought to be mediated by luminal Na-H antiporter and the HCO3- generated by this antiporter is removed from the cell by a basolateral Na-HCO3 cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	106-110	electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	183-204
2469109-4	1989	in graded doses in dogs caused a small but significant stimulation of pancreatic HCO3- and protein outputs and potentiated secretin- and cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced pancreatic HCO3- but not protein secretion.	Bicarbonates	178-182	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	154-157
2710963-6	1989	In awake, freely moving rats, cerebroventricular administration of CGRP significantly decreased while ODT8-SS, TRH and CRF significantly increased duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	156-167	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
2469109-7	1989	This study indicates that GRF in vivo stimulates basal and augments secretin- or CCK-induced pancreatic HCO3- secretion and that this is probably due to direct stimulatory action of the peptide on pancreatic secretory cells.	Bicarbonates	104-108	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2710963-10	1989	CGRP inhibits both acid and bicarbonate secretions, a somatostatin analogue and TRH both stimulate acid and bicarbonate secretions and CRF inhibits gastric acid but stimulates duodenal bicarbonate secretions.	Bicarbonates	28-39	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
2710963-10	1989	CGRP inhibits both acid and bicarbonate secretions, a somatostatin analogue and TRH both stimulate acid and bicarbonate secretions and CRF inhibits gastric acid but stimulates duodenal bicarbonate secretions.	Bicarbonates	108-119	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
2710963-10	1989	CGRP inhibits both acid and bicarbonate secretions, a somatostatin analogue and TRH both stimulate acid and bicarbonate secretions and CRF inhibits gastric acid but stimulates duodenal bicarbonate secretions.	Bicarbonates	108-119	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
2469109-7	1989	This study indicates that GRF in vivo stimulates basal and augments secretin- or CCK-induced pancreatic HCO3- secretion and that this is probably due to direct stimulatory action of the peptide on pancreatic secretory cells.	Bicarbonates	104-108	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	81-84
2526354-4	1989	ATP, at activating concentrations, competed with dinitrophenol and with the anions SCN-, CN- and HCO3- for the same binding sites of myosin, whereas ADP did not compete with them.	Bicarbonates	97-101	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	133-139
2919659-8	1989	However, Cl- -HCO3- exchange did appear to be present because replacement of Cl- caused a large DIDS-sensitive alkalinization of pHi, presumably caused by HCO3- uptake in exchange for Cl-.	Bicarbonates	14-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	129-132
2928730-3	1989	Our purpose was therefore to assess the effect of VIP and secretin and also glucagon, a homologous hormone, on human duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	126-137	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	50-53
2928730-5	1989	Pure porcine VIP (200 and 400 pmol/kg-h intravenously) significantly increased proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	97-108	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	13-16
2928730-6	1989	Although secretin (0.01 to 0.18 CU/kg-h intravenously) markedly increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, it failed to alter duodenal mucosal bicarbonate output in either the proximal or the distal duodenum.	Bicarbonates	85-96	secretin	Homo sapiens	9-17
2928730-8	1989	It is concluded that VIP, but neither secretin nor glucagon, significantly stimulates human duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	109-120	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	21-24
2521920-0	1989	Arginine vasopressin enhances pHi regulation in the presence of HCO3- by stimulating three acid-base transport systems.	Bicarbonates	64-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	30-33
2919659-8	1989	However, Cl- -HCO3- exchange did appear to be present because replacement of Cl- caused a large DIDS-sensitive alkalinization of pHi, presumably caused by HCO3- uptake in exchange for Cl-.	Bicarbonates	155-159	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	129-132
2537575-2	1989	Coupling between these transporters is thought to be indirect, through changes in the concentration of HCO3-, which result from alterations in cytosolic pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	103-107	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
2493002-10	1989	Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and novel 31P NMR pH indicators (2-amino-phosphono-carboxylic acids) we found that mitogen induces an increase in pHi of 0.16 units only in cells bathed in medium containing low concentrations of bicarbonate (less than 1 mM) and not in cells bathed in medium containing physiological levels of bicarbonate (10-30 mM).	Bicarbonates	248-259	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	166-169
2493002-10	1989	Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and novel 31P NMR pH indicators (2-amino-phosphono-carboxylic acids) we found that mitogen induces an increase in pHi of 0.16 units only in cells bathed in medium containing low concentrations of bicarbonate (less than 1 mM) and not in cells bathed in medium containing physiological levels of bicarbonate (10-30 mM).	Bicarbonates	346-357	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	166-169
2493002-11	1989	In addition to abolishing the mitogen-induced alkalinization, bicarbonate stabilizes pHi at 7.25 units as the external pH (pHe) is varied from 7.0 to 7.6.	Bicarbonates	62-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-88
2493002-12	1989	In contrast, in a bicarbonate-free medium pHi increases from 6.9 to 7.3 over the same range of external pHs.	Bicarbonates	18-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	42-45
2493002-13	1989	At a constant external pH, increasing the bicarbonate/CO2 concentration results in an increase in pHi from 6.9 in bicarbonate-free solution to 7.25 in a bicarbonate-buffered medium.	Bicarbonates	42-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	98-101
2493002-13	1989	At a constant external pH, increasing the bicarbonate/CO2 concentration results in an increase in pHi from 6.9 in bicarbonate-free solution to 7.25 in a bicarbonate-buffered medium.	Bicarbonates	114-125	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	98-101
2493002-13	1989	At a constant external pH, increasing the bicarbonate/CO2 concentration results in an increase in pHi from 6.9 in bicarbonate-free solution to 7.25 in a bicarbonate-buffered medium.	Bicarbonates	114-125	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	98-101
2521953-0	1989	Regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion during stress by corticotropin-releasing factor and beta-endorphin.	Bicarbonates	23-34	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	62-92
2521953-3	1989	The hypothalamic peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and stress (physical restraint) significantly stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	128-139	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	25-55
2536083-6	1989	Serum HCO3- concentration, 30 mM, prevented the ATP-induced dissociation of 67Ga from TF, whereas intracellular concentrations (0.4 and 5 mM) did not.	Bicarbonates	6-10	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-88
2470162-1	1989	The presence of extracellular bicarbonate potentiated platelet intracellular pH rises induced by thrombin.	Bicarbonates	30-41	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	97-105
2499348-11	1989	Because of these observations, we conclude that both plasma bicarbonate and pH markedly affect the dissolution of insulin and that reduced bicarbonate/pH in diabetic ketoacidosis may limit the availability of the biologically active monomer.	Bicarbonates	60-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
2483390-3	1989	The pancreatic bicarbonate output was closely correlated to plasma secretin concentrations (r = 0.631, p less than 0.001).	Bicarbonates	15-26	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	67-75
2483390-5	1989	These findings suggest strongly that the increase in pancreatic secretion of fluid and bicarbonate output was mainly due to increased endogenous secretin release resulting from plaunotol administration.	Bicarbonates	87-98	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	145-153
2591638-2	1989	The Km for ammonia of carbamyl phosphate synthetase was determined by preincubating isolated liver cells for 30 min in the absence of ammonia and bicarbonate and in the presence of ornithine, chloroquine, which blocks lysosomal proteolysis, and aminoxy acetic acid, which inhibits transaminases.	Bicarbonates	146-157	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-51
2915212-2	1989	Intracellular pH (pHi) of the squid axon is regulated by a stilbenesensitive transporter that couples the influx of Na+ and HCO3- (or the equivalent) to the efflux of Cl-.	Bicarbonates	124-128	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	18-21
2915212-7	1989	In the presence of both external Na+ and HCO3- (pHo = 8.0, 22 degrees C), pHi increased due to the pHi-regulating mechanism.	Bicarbonates	41-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	74-77
2915212-7	1989	In the presence of both external Na+ and HCO3- (pHo = 8.0, 22 degrees C), pHi increased due to the pHi-regulating mechanism.	Bicarbonates	41-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	99-102
2762274-4	1989	Plasma secretin concentration caused dose-dependent elevation (p less than 0.001) by oleic acid, which correlated very well with bicarbonate output in response to oleic acid (p less than 0.001).	Bicarbonates	129-140	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	7-15
2471968-4	1989	Bicarbonate outputs produced by plaunotol correlated well with plasma secretin concentrations (r = 0.727, p less than 0.001).	Bicarbonates	0-11	secretin	Homo sapiens	70-78
2471968-7	1989	These results indicate that endogenous secretin is released by plaunotol in humans and suggest that the increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion can be attributed to the increased plasma secretin concentration.	Bicarbonates	125-136	secretin	Homo sapiens	39-47
2471968-7	1989	These results indicate that endogenous secretin is released by plaunotol in humans and suggest that the increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion can be attributed to the increased plasma secretin concentration.	Bicarbonates	125-136	secretin	Homo sapiens	189-197
16666552-6	1989	Rather, CO(2), derived from HCO(3) (-) catalyzed by external CA, passively diffuses across the plasma membrane of C. crispus.	Bicarbonates	28-38	CHC_T00010321001	Chondrus crispus	61-63
2534564-3	1989	Concomitant with the dramatic net loss of Cl- a transient fall in the intracellular pH (pHi) of 0.1 pH-units occurred and that was interpreted as being due to acinar loss of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	174-179	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
2534564-7	1989	By this calculation a HCO3- loss of 5.6 mM was found, which is in good accordance with the value obtained from the change in pHi.	Bicarbonates	22-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
2904439-5	1988	The residual, Na+-independent pHi recovery (approximately 50% of the total) persisted in the nominal absence of HCO3- and was insensitive to disulfonic stilbenes, ruling out mediation by anion exchange.	Bicarbonates	112-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	30-33
2848833-2	1988	Under resting (unstimulated) conditions both Na+/H+ exchange and CO2/HCO3- buffering contribute to the regulation of pHi.	Bicarbonates	69-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
2848021-5	1988	Agents such as forskolin, 8-Br-cAMP, and isoproterenol which raise intracellular cAMP levels inhibit the HCO3-/Cl- antiporter by shifting its pHi dependence in the alkaline direction.	Bicarbonates	105-109	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	142-145
2848021-9	1988	Bicarbonate turns on the HCO3-/Cl- antiporter, decreases pHi and allows its regulation by protein kinase C through the Na+/H+ antiporter.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	57-60
2848021-1	1988	Two mechanisms are involved in the regulation of the intracellular pH (pHi) of aortic smooth muscle cells: the Na+/H+ antiporter and a Na+-independent HCO3-/Cl- antiporter.	Bicarbonates	151-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	71-74
2848021-3	1988	It is activated by vasopressin and by phorbol esters when cells are incubated in the presence of bicarbonate but is not affected in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	97-108	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	19-30
2848021-10	1988	Inhibition of the HCO3-/Cl- antiporter by cAMP increases the pHi and switches off the protein kinase C-mediated regulation.	Bicarbonates	18-22	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	61-64
2974246-1	1988	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) infusion increases fractional excretion of many solutes including sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, calcium, and magnesium.	Bicarbonates	117-128	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
2974246-1	1988	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) infusion increases fractional excretion of many solutes including sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, calcium, and magnesium.	Bicarbonates	117-128	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2849306-7	1988	When the cells are switched from a N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered solution to one containing CO2-HCO3-, there is an abrupt acidification due to CO2 entry, which is followed by a spontaneous recovery of pHi to a steady-state value higher than that prevailing in HEPES.	Bicarbonates	135-139	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	240-243
3202154-8	1988	In this study, we examined the ionic dependencies of pHi-regulatory mechanisms in the presence of CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	102-106	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	53-56
2849306-17	1988	This mechanism also accounts for the increase in steady-state pHi on addition of CO2-HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	85-89	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	62-65
3254411-6	1988	Removal of HCO3- from the bathing medium reduced the steady-state pHi by 0.4 units.	Bicarbonates	11-15	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	66-69
3191738-3	1988	The stomach wall pH was calculated from the PCO2 in gastric juice and arterial bicarbonate concentration using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.	Bicarbonates	79-90	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	17-19
3197585-4	1988	Pyruvate concentrations were markedly increased by each stimulation, especially by secretin, and the cumulative excretions of pyruvate and bicarbonate after secretin stimulation were significantly correlated among the subjects.	Bicarbonates	139-150	secretin	Homo sapiens	157-165
3265144-4	1988	We found that due to the asymmetric permeability properties of apical and basolateral cell membranes to HCO3- and NH+4, the direction of the variations in pHi was dependent on the side of addition of the acid or alkali load.	Bicarbonates	104-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	155-158
3254411-13	1988	In HCO3- -free solution pHi recovery was slowed.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	24-27
3254411-15	1988	In HCO3- -free solution pHi recovery was completely blocked when either Na+ was removed or when amiloride was applied indicating an exclusive activation of the Na+-H+ exchanger.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	24-27
3254411-17	1988	In the presence of HCO3-, removal of Na+ also completely blocked pHi recovery.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	65-68
3221384-5	1988	Prepulsing with 20 mM NH4 in the presence of CO2/HCO3 typically reduced pHi to only about neutral, whereas 50 mM reduced pHi to 6.7-6.8.	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	72-75
2850098-2	1988	Candida albicans formed germ tubes between 22 and 30 degrees C in solution when incubated without shaking, in the presence of bicarbonate (2 mg mL-1).	Bicarbonates	126-137	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	144-148
3169488-6	1988	Removal of Na+ from and addition of amiloride to the serosal perfusate during exposure to serosal pH 6.0 induced further acidification of pHi, suggesting that in this acidotic situation (with very low ambient HCO3- concentration) a Na+/H+ exchanger does contribute to the maintenance of steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	209-213	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	98-100
2468813-4	1989	Steady state pHi in HCO3- containing solutions was 7.08 +/- 0.03 (N = 13).	Bicarbonates	20-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
3141236-4	1988	Blood pH (7.21 +/- 0.06 to 7.35 +/- 0.05) and plasma bicarbonate (12 +/- 3 to 18 +/- 2 meq/L) both increased during insulin therapy (P less than .01).	Bicarbonates	53-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
3221384-7	1988	In the presence of CO2/HCO3, cells prepulsed with 50 mM NH4 had fully recovered to an average pHi of 7.22 +/- 0.04 about 90 min after removal of NH4.	Bicarbonates	23-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	94-97
3221384-11	1988	The data provide significant support for an important role of HCO3 in the control of pHi in fast-twitch muscle.	Bicarbonates	62-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-88
2461609-2	1988	In vitro assessment was performed by evaluating the effect of terbutaline on 10(-8) OP-CCK stimulated amylase release of pancreatic tissue slices incubated at 37 degrees C in Krebs-bicarbonate media.	Bicarbonates	181-192	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	87-90
2461609-6	1988	Following the terbutaline infusion, there was also a significant decrease in OP-CCK-stimulated amylase (140.3 +/- 23.3 vs. 24.6 +/- 11.9; P less than 0.005) and bicarbonate release (.069 +/- .03 vs. .003 +/- .001; P less than 0.05).	Bicarbonates	161-172	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	80-83
2843231-2	1988	Steady-state pHi in nominally bicarbonate free Ringer"s solution averaged 6.87 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- S.E., n = 53).	Bicarbonates	30-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	13-16
3238049-6	1988	GRP-induced Isc increases were halved by serosal furosemide (0.3 mM) and reduced by 65% and 90% in tissue bathing solutions lacking Cl- or Cl- and HCO3-, respectively.	Bicarbonates	147-152	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
2844806-0	1988	Bicarbonate determines cytoplasmic pH and suppresses mitogen-induced alkalinization in fibroblastic cells.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	35-37
2844806-1	1988	Addition of growth factors to responsive cells in HCO3- -free media results in a rapid rise in cytoplasmic pH (pHi) caused by activation of Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	50-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	107-109
2844806-1	1988	Addition of growth factors to responsive cells in HCO3- -free media results in a rapid rise in cytoplasmic pH (pHi) caused by activation of Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	50-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
2844806-2	1988	In this paper, we have examined how pHi regulation and growth factor responsiveness are affected by HCO3(-)using quiescent mouse MES-1 fibroblastic cells as a model.	Bicarbonates	100-104	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	36-39
2844806-3	1988	When cells are exposed to 25 mM HCO3-, 5% CO2, steady-state pHi reaches a new more alkaline level (by 0.25 unit) within 10 min.	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	60-63
2844806-4	1988	This rise in pHi is both Na+- and HCO3- -dependent, does not occur in Cl(-)-depleted cells, and is inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid, but not by 5-(n,n-dimethyl)-amiloride, indicating the involvement of Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange.	Bicarbonates	34-38	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	13-16
2844806-4	1988	This rise in pHi is both Na+- and HCO3- -dependent, does not occur in Cl(-)-depleted cells, and is inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid, but not by 5-(n,n-dimethyl)-amiloride, indicating the involvement of Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange.	Bicarbonates	245-249	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	13-16
2844806-5	1988	Furthermore, the recovery of pHi from acute acid loads is accelerated by HCO3- in a Na+-dependent and 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid-sensitive manner and is blocked in Cl(-) -depleted cells.	Bicarbonates	73-77	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	29-32
2844806-7	1988	In the presence of HCO3-/CO2 (pH 7.35), mitogens and phorbol esters fail to induce a detectable rise in pHi.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	30-32
2844806-10	1988	From these results we conclude that: 1) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange determines steady-state pHi and acts in parallel with Na+/H+ exchange to stimulate pHi recovery from acid loading; 2) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange raises steady-state pHi to a level beyond the operating range of the Na+/H+ exchanger and thereby prevents growth factors from alkalinizing the cytoplasm any further.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	97-100
2844806-10	1988	From these results we conclude that: 1) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange determines steady-state pHi and acts in parallel with Na+/H+ exchange to stimulate pHi recovery from acid loading; 2) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange raises steady-state pHi to a level beyond the operating range of the Na+/H+ exchanger and thereby prevents growth factors from alkalinizing the cytoplasm any further.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	156-159
2844806-10	1988	From these results we conclude that: 1) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange determines steady-state pHi and acts in parallel with Na+/H+ exchange to stimulate pHi recovery from acid loading; 2) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange raises steady-state pHi to a level beyond the operating range of the Na+/H+ exchanger and thereby prevents growth factors from alkalinizing the cytoplasm any further.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	156-159
2844806-10	1988	From these results we conclude that: 1) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange determines steady-state pHi and acts in parallel with Na+/H+ exchange to stimulate pHi recovery from acid loading; 2) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange raises steady-state pHi to a level beyond the operating range of the Na+/H+ exchanger and thereby prevents growth factors from alkalinizing the cytoplasm any further.	Bicarbonates	54-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	97-100
2844806-10	1988	From these results we conclude that: 1) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange determines steady-state pHi and acts in parallel with Na+/H+ exchange to stimulate pHi recovery from acid loading; 2) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange raises steady-state pHi to a level beyond the operating range of the Na+/H+ exchanger and thereby prevents growth factors from alkalinizing the cytoplasm any further.	Bicarbonates	54-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	156-159
2844806-10	1988	From these results we conclude that: 1) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange determines steady-state pHi and acts in parallel with Na+/H+ exchange to stimulate pHi recovery from acid loading; 2) Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange raises steady-state pHi to a level beyond the operating range of the Na+/H+ exchanger and thereby prevents growth factors from alkalinizing the cytoplasm any further.	Bicarbonates	54-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	156-159
3177651-8	1988	Thus net secretory transport of PAH may entail Na+-dependent, glutarate-driven PAH uptake at the BLM, followed by the exit of PAH into the lumen down its electrochemical gradient, probably in exchange for other anions, e.g., Cl-, HCO3-, or OH-.	Bicarbonates	230-234	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
3403517-0	1988	Role of chloride/bicarbonate antiport in the control of cytosolic pH.	Bicarbonates	17-28	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	66-68
3403517-3	1988	Transport of HCO3- was estimated from its effect on intracellular pH (pHi) measured with the fluorescent probe 2",7"-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein.	Bicarbonates	13-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	66-68
3403517-3	1988	Transport of HCO3- was estimated from its effect on intracellular pH (pHi) measured with the fluorescent probe 2",7"-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein.	Bicarbonates	13-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	70-73
3403517-6	1988	The Na+-independent HCO3-/Cl- antiport was found to be highly pHi-dependent in a number of cell lines, whereas in others this was not the case.	Bicarbonates	20-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	62-65
3379943-15	1988	TNF infusion increased blood urea nitrogen and decreased serum bicarbonate compared to controls.	Bicarbonates	63-74	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2455669-3	1988	Average pHi for the cells of Necturus and rabbit was approximately 7.1 in a HEPES-buffered, HCO3-free Ringer"s solution.	Bicarbonates	92-96	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	8-11
2455669-4	1988	Average pHi in Necturus cells in CO2/HCO3-buffered Ringer"s solution was approximately 7.0.	Bicarbonates	37-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	8-11
2976824-21	1988	These results suggest that a Na+-H+ exchange and an influx of bicarbonate coupled to sodium influx are of importance for pHi control in these vessels.	Bicarbonates	62-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
2978747-20	1988	ANF (99-126) is a powerful stimulus to the absolute and fractional excretion of Na, K, Ca, Cl and HCO3.	Bicarbonates	98-102	natriuretic peptides A	Ovis aries	0-3
3381882-8	1988	In the presence of HCO3, ANG II or AVP induced merely a small gradual acidification of MCs (pHi change -0.05).	Bicarbonates	19-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
3381882-8	1988	In the presence of HCO3, ANG II or AVP induced merely a small gradual acidification of MCs (pHi change -0.05).	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
2841357-9	1988	Basolateral as well as luminal angiotensin II stimulated bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	57-68	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	31-45
2841357-10	1988	Angiotensin II reduced bicarbonate permeability and caused alteration in the apparent substrate affinity, but not maximal capacity, of the proximal hydrogen ion secretory system involving the Na+/H+ antiporter.	Bicarbonates	23-34	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
3174385-0	1988	Evidence for Na/H exchange and Cl/HCO3 exchange in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells.	Bicarbonates	34-38	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	51-54
3174385-10	1988	In conclusion we have demonstrated evidence for a Na/H exchanger and a Cl/HCO3 exchanger in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells.	Bicarbonates	74-78	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	92-95
2837099-2	1988	Cells exhibited a mean pHi of 7.18 +/- 0.14 in bicarbonate-buffered medium, as calculated from the BCECF fluorescence ratio.	Bicarbonates	47-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
3360777-2	1988	When pHi was decreased by acid load, bicarbonate caused pHi increase and stimulated 36Cl- efflux from the cells, both in a Na+-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	37-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	5-8
2843223-3	1988	In order to further elucidate the source of the observed viscosity effect, the dependence of kcat and Km for CA II catalyzed HCO3- dehydration at pH 5.90 on sucrose-induced viscosity increase was investigated at several concentrations of 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, including the very low buffer concentration region (less than 10 mM) where the proton transfer between the shuttle group on the enzyme and buffer becomes rate limiting.	Bicarbonates	125-129	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	109-114
3360777-2	1988	When pHi was decreased by acid load, bicarbonate caused pHi increase and stimulated 36Cl- efflux from the cells, both in a Na+-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	37-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	56-59
3360777-7	1988	In cells with normal initial pHi, bicarbonate caused Na+-independent pHi increase in Cl(-)-free solutions and stimulated Na+-independent 36Cl- efflux, indicating that a Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger is also present in the cell.	Bicarbonates	34-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	29-32
3360777-7	1988	In cells with normal initial pHi, bicarbonate caused Na+-independent pHi increase in Cl(-)-free solutions and stimulated Na+-independent 36Cl- efflux, indicating that a Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger is also present in the cell.	Bicarbonates	34-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	69-72
3356700-2	1988	Under steady-state conditions in the presence of 25 mM HCO3-, 5% CO2 at pHo 7.4, pHi was 7.32 in a Na+-replete medium and 7.33 in the absence of Na+.	Bicarbonates	55-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
3356700-3	1988	Steady-state pHi was 7.19 in a nominally HCO3(-)-free medium at pHo 7.4, and 7.52 in a Cl(-)-free medium, with both values significantly different from that obtained in the presence of both HCO3- and Cl-.	Bicarbonates	41-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
3356700-3	1988	Steady-state pHi was 7.19 in a nominally HCO3(-)-free medium at pHo 7.4, and 7.52 in a Cl(-)-free medium, with both values significantly different from that obtained in the presence of both HCO3- and Cl-.	Bicarbonates	41-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
3356700-4	1988	Monolayers in which pHi was rapidly elevated by removal of HCO3-/CO2 from the bathing medium demonstrated an absolute requirement for Cl- to recover toward base-line pHi.	Bicarbonates	59-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
3356700-7	1988	Removal of Cl- from the medium of cells bathed in HCO3-/CO2 resulted in a rapid increment in pHi which returned to base line when Cl- was reintroduced into the bathing medium.	Bicarbonates	50-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
2450891-6	1988	The reduction rates of pHi induced by a peritubular bicarbonate reduction or sodium removal were attenuated by 20% by withdrawal of ambient chloride.	Bicarbonates	52-63	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
3347270-2	1988	Sodium-dependent Cl-HCO3 exchange is the dominant mechanism of pHi regulation in the invertebrate cells examined, and also occurs in mammalian cells.	Bicarbonates	20-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	63-66
3126084-1	1988	To test the hypothesis that histidine 64 in carbonic anhydrase II has a crucial role as a "proton shuttle group" during catalysis of CO2-HCO3- interconversion, this residue was replaced by lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid and alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Bicarbonates	137-141	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	44-65
3348409-7	1988	We conclude that 1) cholinergic fibers within the vagus nerves but not the splanchnic nerves are important mediators of the pancreatic bicarbonate response to low loads of HCl and 2) release of secretin by intestinal HCl is not under cholinergic and splanchnic control.	Bicarbonates	135-146	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	194-202
3129145-0	1988	Regulation of pH and HCO3 in brain and CSF of the developing mammalian central nervous system.	Bicarbonates	21-25	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	39-42
3129039-7	1988	It is suggested that carbonic anhydrase II in rat accessory sex glands is involved in bicarbonate production, a function that particularly characterizes the rat lateral prostate.	Bicarbonates	86-97	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-42
3129145-6	1988	Throughout postnatal ontogenesis, [HCO3]csf was more resistant to alteration by metabolic acidosis than by alkalosis.	Bicarbonates	35-39	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	40-43
2446946-4	1988	Increasing doses of either human or porcine secretin produced increasing bicarbonate output (p less than 0.01), whereas trypsin and lipase were not stimulated over basal.	Bicarbonates	73-84	secretin	Homo sapiens	44-52
2446946-8	1988	When human secretin was infused at postprandial concentrations, significant increases in pancreatic bicarbonate output were observed (p less than 0.05).	Bicarbonates	100-111	secretin	Homo sapiens	11-19
3276717-12	1988	In contrast to the responses to EGF, insulin- and IGF1-activation of S6 kinase was enhanced when glucose was present and depended on the presence of bicarbonate in the medium.	Bicarbonates	149-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
2891584-4	1988	Conversely, neutralization of basal acid secretion with bicarbonate (20-160 nmol/min) caused a decrease in somatostatin secretion in proportion to the decrease in luminal acidity.	Bicarbonates	56-67	somatostatin	Mus musculus	107-119
2448343-5	1988	Secretin choleresis was associated with an increase in bicarbonate biliary concentration and with a decline in [14C]mannitol bile-to-plasma ratio, although solute biliary clearance significantly increased.	Bicarbonates	55-66	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
3345748-2	1988	The dissociation of the cofactor, acetylglutamate, from the enzyme-cofactor complex formed by carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I of rat liver in the presence of ATP, Mg2+, K+ and HCO-3 has been studied by centrifugal gel filtration.	Bicarbonates	177-182	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-126
3123519-2	1988	For the same changes in external pH, changes in [HCO3] and PCO2 affected cell pH similarly ([HCO3]: pHi/pHe = 0.67, PCO2: pHi/pHe = 0.64, NS).	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	100-103
3123519-2	1988	For the same changes in external pH, changes in [HCO3] and PCO2 affected cell pH similarly ([HCO3]: pHi/pHe = 0.67, PCO2: pHi/pHe = 0.64, NS).	Bicarbonates	93-97	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	100-103
3276717-12	1988	In contrast to the responses to EGF, insulin- and IGF1-activation of S6 kinase was enhanced when glucose was present and depended on the presence of bicarbonate in the medium.	Bicarbonates	149-160	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
3276717-15	1988	Furthermore, the mechanism of insulin activation of S6 kinase is distinct from the growth factors by its dependency on extracellular bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	133-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
2842490-7	1988	In the CA1 zone of tissue slices in vitro, the change of population spike amplitude was approximately 30% per pH change of 0.1 caused by altered CO2 or HCO3- concentration, but only about 15% per pH change of 0.1 when HCl or NaOH were administered.	Bicarbonates	152-156	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
3337239-4	1988	Injection of the peptide secretagogues cholecystokinin or secretin resulted in a relatively fast (within 4 min) activation or induction of high chloride permeabilities through both chloride conductance and chloride/hydroxide (or chloride/bicarbonate) exchange pathways.	Bicarbonates	238-249	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
3278248-6	1988	LHRH release from ME fragments was assessed by radioimmunoassay after incubating the tissue with the inhibitors in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer.	Bicarbonates	128-139	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
2827769-0	1988	The absence of bicarbonate-stimulated ATPase activity in the plasma membranes of the bicarbonate secreting ox corneal endothelial cells.	Bicarbonates	15-26	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	38-44
2827769-0	1988	The absence of bicarbonate-stimulated ATPase activity in the plasma membranes of the bicarbonate secreting ox corneal endothelial cells.	Bicarbonates	85-96	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	38-44
2827769-2	1988	Enzymic analysis of the plasma membrane-enriched fraction failed to demonstrate an ATPase activity which was stimulated by the presence of bicarbonate ions.	Bicarbonates	139-150	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	83-89
2827769-3	1988	It is proposed that the well-established bicarbonate secretion of these cells may be coupled to the plasma membrane (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity by the stoichiometry of Na+/HCO3- close to 1:1.	Bicarbonates	41-52	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	127-133
2827769-3	1988	It is proposed that the well-established bicarbonate secretion of these cells may be coupled to the plasma membrane (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity by the stoichiometry of Na+/HCO3- close to 1:1.	Bicarbonates	171-175	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	127-133
2849528-1	1988	Intracellular pH (pHi) in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres is controlled by sarcolemmal Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	100-104	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	18-21
2462478-5	1988	In high NaCl-containing mucosal solutions or in short-circuit conditions, the J(net)Na becomes uncoupled from J(net)H and proceeds mainly via the principal cells in the epithelium, in which pHi is regulated by basolateral Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchangers.	Bicarbonates	237-241	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	190-193
2849531-4	1988	Lymphocytes also possess a cation-independent anion (Cl-/HCO3-) exchange system, which, under the appropriate conditions, tends to restore pHi after an alkali load.	Bicarbonates	57-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	139-142
2849531-11	1988	Instead, Cl-/HCO3- exchange may simply stabilize pHi by increasing the dynamic buffering power of the cells.	Bicarbonates	13-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	49-52
2849531-12	1988	Cation-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange could be involved in pHi regulation only if coupled to a separate mechanism of intracellular Cl- accumulation, such as Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transport or an inward Cl- pump, which have not been detected in lymphoid cells.	Bicarbonates	23-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	59-62
3335285-1	1988	Peptide YY inhibits the pancreatic exocrine secretion (bicarbonate, water, and protein) that is stimulated by cholecystokinin, secretin, or neurotensin in the dog, but whether peptide YY inhibits the release of gut peptides that stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion is not known.	Bicarbonates	55-66	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	0-10
2902982-11	1988	Intracellular pH (pHi) measured by means of the fluorescent dye, BCECF, was dependent upon the presence of extracellular HCO3- as well as Na+.	Bicarbonates	121-126	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
2902982-12	1988	Under physiological conditions pHi was 7.27 and stimulation caused a transient decrease of 0.1 pH units due to HCO3- efflux.	Bicarbonates	111-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
3060326-1	1988	Traditional models of acid-base transport and intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in the renal proximal tubule have been based on the existence of a Na+/H+ exchanger at the luminal membrane and a simple HCO3- conductance at the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	201-205	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	64-67
3224767-5	1988	In the secretin test, the flow rate of pancreatic juice, amylase output and bicarbonate concentration were significantly reduced as compared with the controls.	Bicarbonates	76-87	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	7-15
3356962-10	1988	Rather, CO2 excretion is accomplished via the traditional chloride shift, followed by intracellular dehydration of HCO3- by erythrocyte CA.	Bicarbonates	115-119	carbonic anhydrase	Ictalurus punctatus	136-138
3362847-1	1988	Potentiating action between secretin and cholecystokinin on exocrine pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate has been well recognized.	Bicarbonates	93-104	secretin	Homo sapiens	28-36
3362847-8	1988	Since the inhibitory effect of atropine on the secretin-stimulated bicarbonate output was statistically significant, the major inhibitory effect of atropine on the potentiation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion appears to be its effect on the action of secretin.	Bicarbonates	67-78	secretin	Homo sapiens	47-55
3353584-6	1988	Plasma secretin correlated significantly with both bicarbonate output and flow rate during the 3 h. Simultaneous measurements of plasma CCK and secretin and of pancreatic secretion suggested that postprandial pancreatic secretion is primarily mediated by releases of CCK and secretin, but these hormones do not seem to be the only factors responsible for the secretion.	Bicarbonates	51-62	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	7-15
24430791-3	1988	We find that anions such as NO3 (-), HCO3 (-), HCO2 (-), F(-), NO2 (-), and acetate can, depending on conditions, bind to either anion binding-site I, anion binding-site II, or both sites simultaneously.	Bicarbonates	37-41	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	28-31
2832823-9	1988	We conclude that two processes are involved in regulation of pHi in RPE: A Na+/H+ antiport responsible for recovery of pHi from acid load, and a DIDS-sensitive Cl-/HCO3- exchange mechanism responsible for recovery of pHi after alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	164-168	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	61-64
3691531-5	1987	Bicarbonate induced pHi recovery of the cells after a cellular acidification to pHi = 6.3 provided that Na+ ions were present in the assay medium.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	20-23
3363559-2	1988	Exogenous hPP infusion (1, 10 micrograms/kg/hr) inhibited pancreatic protein, bicarbonate and fluid outputs during BPJ diversion in a dose-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	78-89	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
3336811-1	1988	The results of previous studies from our laboratory have shown that neurotensin can stimulate pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein.	Bicarbonates	118-129	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	68-79
3336811-8	1988	Incremental bicarbonate responses to intravenous CCK-8 alone were compared with intravenous CCK-8 plus intravenous neurotensin.	Bicarbonates	12-23	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	49-52
3336811-10	1988	The results of this study indicate that neurotensin may stimulate pancreatic secretion of protein and bicarbonate by mechanisms which are different from those of CCK and secretin.	Bicarbonates	102-113	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	40-51
3691531-5	1987	Bicarbonate induced pHi recovery of the cells after a cellular acidification to pHi = 6.3 provided that Na+ ions were present in the assay medium.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	80-83
3691531-10	1987	36Cl- efflux experiments showed that the presence of both external Na+ and bicarbonate stimulated the efflux of 36Cl- at a cell pHi of 6.3.	Bicarbonates	75-86	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	128-131
2966145-7	1987	The ATPase activity was significantly stimulated by bisulfite and bicarbonate ions, the optimal pH remaining unchanged.	Bicarbonates	66-77	ATZ20_RS04105	Sulfolobus acidocaldarius	4-10
16665837-7	1987	For NADP malic enzyme CO(2) was shown to be the inhibitory species but PEP carboxykinase and NAD malic enzyme were apparently inhibited about equally by CO(2) and HCO(3) (-).	Bicarbonates	163-169	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	71-88
2825539-4	1987	The intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in a bicarbonate-free medium [extracellular pH (pHe) = 7.30], using the fluorescent dye 2,7-biscarboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF).	Bicarbonates	45-56	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-25
3670401-3	1987	In all the excitable cells studied to date, the intracellular pH (pHi) is higher than would be predicted from a passive distribution of H+ ions, and consequently there is an outwardly directed electrochemical driving force for HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	227-232	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	66-69
3670401-4	1987	In the presence of CO2/HCO3- therefore, activation of GABA-gated channels could give rise to a significant efflux of bicarbonate, leading to a fall in postsynaptic pHi.	Bicarbonates	23-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	164-167
3670401-4	1987	In the presence of CO2/HCO3- therefore, activation of GABA-gated channels could give rise to a significant efflux of bicarbonate, leading to a fall in postsynaptic pHi.	Bicarbonates	117-128	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	164-167
3670401-6	1987	This fall in pHi and the extracellular alkalosis are attributable to a GABA-activated, picrotoxin-sensitive HCO3--conductance.	Bicarbonates	108-112	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	13-16
2889300-7	1987	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), also a peptidergic neurotransmitter, reduces acid and stimulates mucous and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	113-124	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
3443519-6	1987	The P50 increased significantly only during bicarbonate dialysis, but 2.3 DPG concentration did not change.	Bicarbonates	44-55	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
2888607-6	1987	Bicarbonate concentration was slightly but significantly reduced only by the two highest doses of somatostatin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	98-110
2888607-9	1987	The results demonstrate that: (1) the administration of somatostatin at a low dose level does not affect human exocrine pancreatic secretion, at least under the experimental conditions of this study; and (2) the administration of larger doses of somatostatin inhibits pancreatic secretion of both protein and bicarbonate dose-dependently.	Bicarbonates	309-320	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	246-258
3039678-4	1987	In contrast, acidification of the serosal solution to pH 4.5 by replacing the bicarbonate reduced pHi from 7.32 +/- 0.04 to 6.95 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.001, n = 8).	Bicarbonates	78-89	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	98-101
3443519-0	1987	Increase in P50 with the use of bicarbonate hemodialysis.	Bicarbonates	32-43	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
3423737-2	1987	The release of CCK was found to be unaffected by the changes in osmolality, whereas the plasma levels of secretin were affected in parallel with volume and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	156-167	secretin	Homo sapiens	105-113
3423737-3	1987	An inverse relation was found between fatty acid absorption and release of secretin and bicarbonate secretion but not between fatty acid absorption and release of CCK.	Bicarbonates	88-99	secretin	Homo sapiens	75-83
3121345-0	1987	Parathyroid hormone directly inhibits tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate in normocalcaemic rats with chronic hyperparathyroidism.	Bicarbonates	62-73	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
2888787-3	1987	Steady state pHi in S3 tubules in nominally HCO3(-)-free solutions was 7.08 +/- 0.03.	Bicarbonates	44-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	13-16
3444805-3	1987	Factors in the milk alkali syndrome which might stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone include parathyroid gland hyperplasia secondary to suppression of ionized calcium, alteration in sensitivity of calcium receptors on the cells of the parathyroid glands, the stimulation of an intermittent alkaline tide in the blood and the high intake of phosphate and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	362-373	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	73-92
2889300-9	1987	Secretin might be a protective factor for the gastric mucosa by stimulating mucous and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	87-98	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
2956951-4	1987	The use of hANP increased the concentration of bicarbonate but not that of sodium and protein in the pancreatic juice as compared with the basal values.	Bicarbonates	47-58	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	11-15
3597776-3	1987	Systemic angiotensin II administration (20 ng/kg X min) or inhibition of endogenous angiotensin II activity with saralasin (1 microgram/kg X min) caused profound changes in bicarbonate absorption in the early PCT (169 +/- 25 and -187 +/- 15 peq/mm X min, respectively).	Bicarbonates	173-184	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	9-23
3038953-5	1987	Maximal transport rate (Vmax) of Na+/H+ antiporter and Na+/HCO3 cotransporter were inversely related with plasma bicarbonate concentration from 6 to 39 mM.	Bicarbonates	113-124	electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-77
3036912-6	1987	Decreasing luminal HCO3- from 15 to 0 mM lowered pHi in both EPS and LPS, but pHi remained more alkaline in EPS with both perfusates.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
3037913-5	1987	The increase of pHi occurred equally rapidly in nominally CO2-HCO3-free solutions and in solutions containing 5% CO2 and 25 mM HCO3.	Bicarbonates	62-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-19
3037913-5	1987	The increase of pHi occurred equally rapidly in nominally CO2-HCO3-free solutions and in solutions containing 5% CO2 and 25 mM HCO3.	Bicarbonates	127-131	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-19
3597776-6	1987	Because of its potential for controlling the majority of bicarbonate absorption in the early PCT (hence greater than or equal to 30% of bicarbonate absorption in the entire nephron), angiotensin II may be a powerful physiologic regulator of renal acidification.	Bicarbonates	57-68	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	183-197
3597776-6	1987	Because of its potential for controlling the majority of bicarbonate absorption in the early PCT (hence greater than or equal to 30% of bicarbonate absorption in the entire nephron), angiotensin II may be a powerful physiologic regulator of renal acidification.	Bicarbonates	136-147	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	183-197
3584462-4	1987	Intravenous gastrin-17 infusion reduced gastric HCO3- secretion by approximately 50% in both unoperated ulcer patients and normal subjects (P less than 0.05).	Bicarbonates	48-52	gastrin	Homo sapiens	12-19
3586862-1	1987	Difference UV spectrophotometry is used to determine the conditional binding constants for aluminum to human transferrin in the presence of HCO3- of initial concentration 18 mM according to a two site model.	Bicarbonates	140-144	transferrin	Homo sapiens	109-120
3584462-6	1987	In fact, mean gastric HCO3- secretion increased to a nearly significant extent in response to gastrin (P = 0.06).	Bicarbonates	22-26	gastrin	Homo sapiens	94-101
3584462-7	1987	These findings indicate that gastrin inhibits gastric HCO3- secretion in humans and that the gastrin-induced reduction in gastric HCO3- secretion is dependent upon intact vagal innervation to the oxyntic mucosa.	Bicarbonates	54-58	gastrin	Homo sapiens	29-36
3584462-7	1987	These findings indicate that gastrin inhibits gastric HCO3- secretion in humans and that the gastrin-induced reduction in gastric HCO3- secretion is dependent upon intact vagal innervation to the oxyntic mucosa.	Bicarbonates	54-58	gastrin	Homo sapiens	93-100
3584462-7	1987	These findings indicate that gastrin inhibits gastric HCO3- secretion in humans and that the gastrin-induced reduction in gastric HCO3- secretion is dependent upon intact vagal innervation to the oxyntic mucosa.	Bicarbonates	130-134	gastrin	Homo sapiens	93-100
3106357-7	1987	The case of malate dehydrogenase is unique because the reactive malate analogue, -O2C-O-CHOH-CO-2, arises from nucleophilic attack of HCO-3 on the carbonyl of glyoxylate, rather than electrophilic attack of CO2 on the hydrated carbonyl of glyoxylate.	Bicarbonates	134-139	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	12-32
3621057-9	1987	In HEPES buffered and CO2-HCO3- buffered solutions pHi regulation in neurones was inhibited by removing external Na.	Bicarbonates	26-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	51-54
3111298-6	1987	The method has been used to confirm that HCO3- is the substrate for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	41-45	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-99
3621057-12	1987	We conclude that leech glial cells and neurones have two mechanisms of pHi regulation, one being Na+-H+ exchange and the other Na+ and HCO3- dependent.	Bicarbonates	135-139	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	71-74
3621057-8	1987	In the presence of HCO3-, the rate of acid efflux was stimulated; the stilbene 4-acetamido-4"-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,3"-disulfonic acid (SITS; 0.5 mM) slowed pHi recovery.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	160-163
3621058-10	1987	Following inhibition of acid extrusion by amiloride, transition to HCO3- media restored pHi recovery.	Bicarbonates	67-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	88-91
2955060-9	1987	In incubation of small specimens of tumor tissues in oxygenated Krebs bicarbonate buffer, the release of testosterone into the medium containing hCG was twice as high as that into the medium without hCG.	Bicarbonates	70-81	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	145-148
3599651-9	1987	When cell membrane potential was monitored in these experiments using the potential-sensitive fluorescent dye, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate) trimethine oxonol, the increase in pHi seen in the presence of Na+ was found to be electroneutral, whereas when that occurred in the presence of Na+, amiloride and HCO3-/CO2 was associated with membrane hyperpolarization.	Bicarbonates	304-309	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	175-178
3030871-9	1987	The data suggest that Na/H exchange is primarily responsible for the regulation of pHi over a wide range of pHo, although the specific pHi and the range of regulation are affected by the activity of the Cl/OH (HCO3) exchanger; the movement of protons or hydroxyl ions, or both, across gland cell membranes appears to be mediated under most circumstances by these two exchangers.	Bicarbonates	210-214	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	83-86
3498936-4	1987	It augmented CCK-induced pancreatic protein and secretin-induced HCO3 secretion in vivo but failed to affect basal or stimulated (CCK and urecholine) amylase release by the in vitro dispersed pancreatic acini.	Bicarbonates	65-69	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	13-16
3030871-9	1987	The data suggest that Na/H exchange is primarily responsible for the regulation of pHi over a wide range of pHo, although the specific pHi and the range of regulation are affected by the activity of the Cl/OH (HCO3) exchanger; the movement of protons or hydroxyl ions, or both, across gland cell membranes appears to be mediated under most circumstances by these two exchangers.	Bicarbonates	210-214	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	135-138
3815806-3	1987	Under plasma conditions of pH 7.4 and [HCO3-]27 mmol/L, the successive stability constant values for Al3+ binding to transferrin are log K1 = 12.9 and log K2 = 12.3.	Bicarbonates	39-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	117-128
3549779-7	1987	Direct examination of the effect of insulin on glucose, chloride, and bicarbonate absorption demonstrated that the transport of all these solutes was stimulated by insulin.	Bicarbonates	70-81	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	36-43
3549779-7	1987	Direct examination of the effect of insulin on glucose, chloride, and bicarbonate absorption demonstrated that the transport of all these solutes was stimulated by insulin.	Bicarbonates	70-81	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	164-171
3036209-1	1987	The carbon kinetic isotope effect on the enzymatic dehydration of HCO3- ion is k12/k13 = 1.011 and is independent, within experimental error, of the addition of sucrose, substitution of D2O for H2O, and substitution of enzyme-bound Zn2+ by Co2+.	Bicarbonates	66-70	complement C2	Homo sapiens	240-243
3589503-3	1987	Intravenous infusion of neurotensin at doses of 0.5 and 2.5 pmol X kg-1 X min-1, administered during submaximal pancreatic stimulation with secretin and cerulein, caused a significant and dose-dependent stimulation of pancreatic secretion (volume, bicarbonate, and protein).	Bicarbonates	248-259	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	24-35
3815351-2	1987	Cells may survive conditions of acid pHe because antiports in their membrane exchange Na+ for H+, or HCO3- for Cl-, and thus regulate the intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	101-105	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	156-159
16665291-4	1987	Both CO(2)-enrichment and drought stress reduced the total (HCO(3) (-)/Mg(2+)-activated) extractable ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity, as expressed on a chlorophyll basis.	Bicarbonates	60-66	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, chloroplastic 1	Glycine max	101-138
3028491-3	1987	The steady-state pHi in bicarbonate-containing Ringer"s solution (pHo 7.40) was 7.14 +/- 0.04 and in bicarbonate-free Ringer"s solution (pHo 7.40) 7.24 +/- 0.04.	Bicarbonates	24-35	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	17-20
16665291-4	1987	Both CO(2)-enrichment and drought stress reduced the total (HCO(3) (-)/Mg(2+)-activated) extractable ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity, as expressed on a chlorophyll basis.	Bicarbonates	60-66	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, chloroplastic 1	Glycine max	140-148
3028491-4	1987	When pHo was altered in nominally HCO3(-)-free Ringer"s, the intracellular pHi changed to only a small extent between pHo 6.6 and pHo 7.6; beyond this range pHi was linearly related to pHo.	Bicarbonates	34-38	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	75-78
3028491-4	1987	When pHo was altered in nominally HCO3(-)-free Ringer"s, the intracellular pHi changed to only a small extent between pHo 6.6 and pHo 7.6; beyond this range pHi was linearly related to pHo.	Bicarbonates	34-38	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	157-160
3028491-6	1987	During exposure to 20% CO2 in HCO3(-)-free Ringer"s solution, pHi dropped initially to 6.9 +/- 0.05, the rate of realkalinisation was found to be 0.071 pH unit X min-1.	Bicarbonates	30-34	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	62-65
3548423-7	1987	Infusions of PHI and VIP at 10(-9) M stimulated the exocrine secretion of fluid and bicarbonate, and the effect of a combination of the two peptides was additive.	Bicarbonates	84-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	13-16
3548194-7	1987	As the insulin infusion progressed, the urea nitrogen, uric acid and bicarbonate levels fell as well.	Bicarbonates	69-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
3548423-7	1987	Infusions of PHI and VIP at 10(-9) M stimulated the exocrine secretion of fluid and bicarbonate, and the effect of a combination of the two peptides was additive.	Bicarbonates	84-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	21-24
3801513-2	1987	Under denaturing conditions which dissociate precursor substrates from the carboxylase enzyme, prothrombin precursors and microsomal proteins labeled in gamma-carboxyglutamate residues with [14C]bicarbonate were nearly quantitatively bound to concanavalin A gels.	Bicarbonates	195-206	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	95-106
3808046-2	1987	Several mechanisms for pHi regulation in different tissues have been found, such as direct proton pumping, Na/H exchange, Cl/HCO3 exchange, NaHCO3 cotransport, and Na/H/Cl/HCO3 obligatorily linked.	Bicarbonates	125-129	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	23-26
3808046-2	1987	Several mechanisms for pHi regulation in different tissues have been found, such as direct proton pumping, Na/H exchange, Cl/HCO3 exchange, NaHCO3 cotransport, and Na/H/Cl/HCO3 obligatorily linked.	Bicarbonates	142-146	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	23-26
3103677-0	1987	Paramagnetic carbon-13 NMR relaxation studies on the kinetics and mechanism of the HCO3-/CO2 exchange catalyzed by manganese(II) human carbonic anhydrase I.	Bicarbonates	83-87	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	135-155
3103677-1	1987	A detailed analysis of the stability and activity of Mn(II) human carbonic anhydrase I and the kinetics and mechanism of its catalysis of the HCO3-/CO2 exchange have been performed at pH 8.5.	Bicarbonates	142-146	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	66-86
3103677-2	1987	The analysis was based on the paramagnetic relaxation rates R1p and R2p of the 13C atom of HCO3- in the Mn2+/apoenzyme/HCO3-/CO2 system and the HCO3(-)----CO2 interconversion rate obtained by the magnetization-transfer technique.	Bicarbonates	91-95	CD1b molecule	Homo sapiens	60-63
3103677-2	1987	The analysis was based on the paramagnetic relaxation rates R1p and R2p of the 13C atom of HCO3- in the Mn2+/apoenzyme/HCO3-/CO2 system and the HCO3(-)----CO2 interconversion rate obtained by the magnetization-transfer technique.	Bicarbonates	91-95	CD1e molecule	Homo sapiens	68-71
3551797-10	1987	They exhibit Na+-dependent and Cl(-)-dependent changes of pHi that are consistent with the presence of both Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3 exchangers.	Bicarbonates	125-129	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	58-61
3028151-7	1987	These studies provide a direct measurement of pHi in hepatocyte couplets and indicate that Na-H exchange, together with a bicarbonate dependent system are important mechanisms for pHi regulation in this preparation.	Bicarbonates	122-133	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	180-183
3578941-6	1987	The treatment included early gastric lavage, alkalinization, blocking of the metabolism of methanol by ethanol and haemodialysis with a bicarbonate dialysate enriched in ethanol; this corrected the acidosis and permitted the elimination of the toxic metabolites (clearance of methanol: 159 ml X min-1; half-life of methanol during purification: 3.46 +/- 1.32 h; quantity extracted: 246 g).	Bicarbonates	136-147	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	295-300
3028263-8	1987	Based on the results reported here, the following balanced equation can be written: urate-2 + 2 cytochrome c+3 + 2 H2O----allantoin + 2 cytochrome c+2 + H+ + HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	158-162	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	96-108
3793727-11	1987	Phosphite (HPO2-3), the anion most closely resembling bicarbonate (a natural substrate for anion exchange) was found to have the highest influx rate.	Bicarbonates	54-65	growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration	Homo sapiens	11-17
3812695-2	1987	Lowering bath HCO3- from 25 to 5 mM at constant PCO2 depolarized basolateral membrane potential (Vbl), and reduced pHi.	Bicarbonates	14-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	115-118
3812695-8	1987	Total replacement of bath Cl- with isethionate depolarized Vbl gradually and increased pHi slightly, implying the existence of a Cl(-)-related HCO3- exit mechanism.	Bicarbonates	143-147	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	87-90
3812695-9	1987	The rate of decrease in pHi induced by lowering bath HCO3- was slightly reduced (20%) by the absence of bath Cl-.	Bicarbonates	53-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	24-27
3028263-8	1987	Based on the results reported here, the following balanced equation can be written: urate-2 + 2 cytochrome c+3 + 2 H2O----allantoin + 2 cytochrome c+2 + H+ + HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	158-162	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	136-148
3575314-9	1987	Duodenal bicarbonate output/h after secretin also showed a significant correlation with peak fluorescein serum concentration (r = 0.79; p less than 0.001).	Bicarbonates	9-20	secretin	Homo sapiens	36-44
2881734-2	1987	As compared to secretory levels during saline infusion, CCK significantly stimulated biliary flow and biliverdin concentration in bile; VIP significantly depressed biliverdin concentration but enhanced bicarbonate secretion in both pancreatic and biliary secretions, and also increased total pancreatic flow.	Bicarbonates	202-213	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	136-139
3666279-2	1987	Human lactoferrin and transferrin are capable of binding two iron or copper ions into specific binding sites in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	128-139	transferrin	Homo sapiens	22-33
3802459-5	1987	pK1" values decreased when [HCO3]p was increased in dilutions of plasma kept at constant ionic strength.	Bicarbonates	28-32	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	0-3
3802459-6	1987	At any given [HCO3]p, pK1" values were higher at high than at low values of pco2.	Bicarbonates	14-18	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	22-25
3126454-0	1987	The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during haemodialysis with acetate or bicarbonate at different dialysate sodium concentrations.	Bicarbonates	78-89	renin	Homo sapiens	4-9
3126454-2	1987	Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were higher during acetate haemodialysis than during bicarbonate haemodialysis.	Bicarbonates	105-116	renin	Homo sapiens	7-12
3126454-3	1987	At lower dialysate sodium concentrations, plasma renin activity (acetate dialysis and bicarbonate dialysis) and aldosterone concentration (only acetate dialysis) were higher than they were at higher dialysate sodium concentrations.	Bicarbonates	86-97	renin	Homo sapiens	49-54
3126454-7	1987	It is concluded that the renin angiotensin aldosterone system is activated more during acetate dialysis than during bicarbonate dialysis.	Bicarbonates	116-127	renin	Homo sapiens	25-30
3628240-6	1987	Intravenous PYY at 200 and 400 pmol/kg/h inhibited secretin-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate output significantly (p less than 0.05).	Bicarbonates	82-93	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	12-15
3628240-7	1987	Pancreatic bicarbonate and protein responses to all pancreatic secretagogues were reduced significantly (p less than 0.05) by PYY at 400 pmol/kg/h.	Bicarbonates	11-22	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	126-129
3313380-2	1987	In all dogs tested, sham-feeding and ordinary feed with a meat meal resulted in a marked rise in the plasma level of immunoreactive PP that coincided with an increase in the exocrine pancreatic secretion of HCO3- and protein.	Bicarbonates	207-211	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	132-134
3628230-5	1987	Pretreatment with S5 enhanced secretin/CCK-induced bicarbonate outputs; protein outputs did not differ.	Bicarbonates	51-62	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	30-38
3628230-5	1987	Pretreatment with S5 enhanced secretin/CCK-induced bicarbonate outputs; protein outputs did not differ.	Bicarbonates	51-62	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	39-42
3817035-10	1986	The present study, therefore, shows the importance of the bicarbonate ion in the aqueous humor formation since it is both substrate and product of carbonic anhydrase II.	Bicarbonates	58-69	carbonic anhydrase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	147-168
3024506-1	1986	Intracellular potentials of BSC-1 kidney epithelial cells known to express a Na+-HCO3- symport ranged between -40 and -70 mV, mean value Vm = -55.1 +/- 10.1 mV.	Bicarbonates	81-85	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
3024506-11	1986	Thus BSC-1 cells display typical electrical characteristics of Na+-HCO3- symport.	Bicarbonates	67-71	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	5-10
3782468-4	1986	Kinetic analysis of the rate of bicarbonate-dependent sodium uptake as a function of sodium concentration revealed saturable stimulation with a Vmax of 2.7 nmol/mg protein per 2 s and a Km of 10.4 mM.	Bicarbonates	32-43	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: period circadian protein homolog 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	172-177
2445869-4	1986	Furthermore, the bicarbonate secretion and the flow rate elicited by secretin were augmented by CCK, whereas no augmentation was found with regard to the CCK-stimulated enzyme and bile salts output.	Bicarbonates	17-28	secretin	Homo sapiens	69-77
2445869-4	1986	Furthermore, the bicarbonate secretion and the flow rate elicited by secretin were augmented by CCK, whereas no augmentation was found with regard to the CCK-stimulated enzyme and bile salts output.	Bicarbonates	17-28	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	96-99
3557664-1	1986	The present study compares the effects of bicarbonate hemodialysis (Bic.	Bicarbonates	42-53	MIR155 host gene	Homo sapiens	68-71
3490793-7	1986	Substitution of SO4(2-) for Cl- also alkalinized the cells; pHc was increased by 0.16 +/- 0.01 U in the presence of the standard concentration of external HCO3-, but an alkaline shift was only just detectable (0.05 +/- 0.02 U) in its nominal absence.	Bicarbonates	155-159	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	60-63
3096150-2	1986	U-B PCO2 was higher for any value of urinary bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3]u) in the presence of PTH [intact rats and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) PTH-infused rats] than in its absence (calcium-infused intact rats and TPTX rats).	Bicarbonates	45-56	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
3096150-2	1986	U-B PCO2 was higher for any value of urinary bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3]u) in the presence of PTH [intact rats and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) PTH-infused rats] than in its absence (calcium-infused intact rats and TPTX rats).	Bicarbonates	73-77	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
24232647-1	1986	One of the most serious problems in obtaining estimates of the K m values for HCO 3 (-) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) by measurement of initial rates at varying HCO 3 (-) is the impossibility of completely excluding any contaminating HCO 3 (-) .	Bicarbonates	78-83	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	91-122
3096150-4	1986	When PTH was infused in TPTX rats to maintain constant the plasma PTH level, subsequent phosphate infusion increased [Pi]u and elevated U-B PCO2 for any value of [HCO3]u.	Bicarbonates	163-167	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
3758607-7	1986	Neither of the gastrins caused an increase in the output of amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, or bilirubin, but both induced a modest increase in the output of bicarbonate and duodenal juice, the former only significantly during infusion of sulfated gastrin 17.	Bicarbonates	166-177	gastrin	Homo sapiens	15-22
3758607-10	1986	However, gastrin may, like cholecystokinin, potentiate the effect of secretin on pancreatic secretion of juice and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	115-126	gastrin	Homo sapiens	9-16
3772222-7	1986	All the synergistic anions labilize transferrin"s HCO3.	Bicarbonates	50-54	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
24232647-1	1986	One of the most serious problems in obtaining estimates of the K m values for HCO 3 (-) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) by measurement of initial rates at varying HCO 3 (-) is the impossibility of completely excluding any contaminating HCO 3 (-) .	Bicarbonates	78-83	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-131
24232647-1	1986	One of the most serious problems in obtaining estimates of the K m values for HCO 3 (-) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) by measurement of initial rates at varying HCO 3 (-) is the impossibility of completely excluding any contaminating HCO 3 (-) .	Bicarbonates	189-194	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	91-122
24232647-1	1986	One of the most serious problems in obtaining estimates of the K m values for HCO 3 (-) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) by measurement of initial rates at varying HCO 3 (-) is the impossibility of completely excluding any contaminating HCO 3 (-) .	Bicarbonates	189-194	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-131
24232647-1	1986	One of the most serious problems in obtaining estimates of the K m values for HCO 3 (-) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) by measurement of initial rates at varying HCO 3 (-) is the impossibility of completely excluding any contaminating HCO 3 (-) .	Bicarbonates	189-194	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	91-122
24232647-1	1986	One of the most serious problems in obtaining estimates of the K m values for HCO 3 (-) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) by measurement of initial rates at varying HCO 3 (-) is the impossibility of completely excluding any contaminating HCO 3 (-) .	Bicarbonates	189-194	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-131
3024200-9	1986	Variation in culture time up to 52 h had no effect on fluid secretion, and the response to secretin was dependent on the presence of bicarbonate ions in the perifusion fluid.	Bicarbonates	133-144	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	91-99
3017962-16	1986	In bicarbonate saline, two other mechanisms effect pHi regulation: a DIDS-sensitive Na+-HCO3- symport, which contributes to cytoplasmic alkalinization, and a DIDS-sensitive Cl-/HCO3- exchange, which is apparently independent of Na+.	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	51-54
3786839-7	1986	Neurotensin stimulated, in a dose-related manner, the pancreatic secretion of water, protein and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	97-108	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
3017962-11	1986	When HCO3- was lowered from 46 to 10 mM at constant pCO2 (5%), pHi dropped by a DIDS-sensitive mechanism.	Bicarbonates	5-9	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	63-66
3017962-15	1986	It is concluded that in nominally bicarbonate-free saline, the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ antiport is the predominant mechanism of pHi regulation at acidic pHi, while being relatively inactive at physiological values of pHi.	Bicarbonates	34-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	131-134
3775262-4	1986	Results suggest that the release of VIP after a meal depends on a high fat concentration in the duodenum, which may then stimulate bicarbonate release and fat-stimulated release of cholecystokinin.	Bicarbonates	131-142	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	36-39
3017962-16	1986	In bicarbonate saline, two other mechanisms effect pHi regulation: a DIDS-sensitive Na+-HCO3- symport, which contributes to cytoplasmic alkalinization, and a DIDS-sensitive Cl-/HCO3- exchange, which is apparently independent of Na+.	Bicarbonates	88-92	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	51-54
3017962-15	1986	It is concluded that in nominally bicarbonate-free saline, the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ antiport is the predominant mechanism of pHi regulation at acidic pHi, while being relatively inactive at physiological values of pHi.	Bicarbonates	34-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	156-159
3017962-15	1986	It is concluded that in nominally bicarbonate-free saline, the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ antiport is the predominant mechanism of pHi regulation at acidic pHi, while being relatively inactive at physiological values of pHi.	Bicarbonates	34-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	156-159
3017962-16	1986	In bicarbonate saline, two other mechanisms effect pHi regulation: a DIDS-sensitive Na+-HCO3- symport, which contributes to cytoplasmic alkalinization, and a DIDS-sensitive Cl-/HCO3- exchange, which is apparently independent of Na+.	Bicarbonates	177-181	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	51-54
3699410-2	1986	Infusion of 180 pmol/kg X h of PP, previously incubated with normal rabbit serum, induced increases in plasma PP (220 +/- 21 pmol/L) similar to those after the meal (213 +/- 51 pmol/L) and was accompanied by significant inhibition of pancreatic flow rate, bicarbonate output, and protein output (p less than 0.05) stimulated by secretin and cholecystokinin (n = 6).	Bicarbonates	256-267	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	31-33
3025431-9	1986	In the presence of HCO3-, the rate is stimulated in the order ClO4- less than NO3- and CH3CO2- less than F- less than Cl- less than Br- less than I-.	Bicarbonates	19-23	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	78-81
3521744-14	1986	If a continuous influx of chloride against an electrochemical gradient is maintained by a cotransport system, the chloride disequilibrium can drive an influx of bicarbonate through the anion exchange mechanism, as described in Section VII.	Bicarbonates	161-172	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	0-4
3713439-4	1986	Volume expansion with calcium-free bicarbonate Ringers (10% of body weight, IV) led to a drop in plasma ionized calcium from 1.08 to 0.92 mMol/l (p less than 0.01) while plasma PTH concentration was increased from 67.2 to 114.2 pMol/l.	Bicarbonates	35-46	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
2941542-2	1986	In normal animals, the kidney is relatively better at reabsorbing bicarbonate than chloride, as ANF increases luminal flow so that a chloruresis without bicarbonaturia ensues.	Bicarbonates	66-77	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	96-99
2427277-1	1986	The effects of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, bound to a 72,000 dalton dextran (DBI) on bicarbonate and sodium fluxes across the isolated rabbit corneal endothelium have been examined.	Bicarbonates	104-115	acyl-CoA-binding protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	96-99
2427277-2	1986	When DBI was present on the aqueous-facing endothelial surface, there was a marked inhibition of both the stromal to endothelial unidirectional and net flux of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	160-171	acyl-CoA-binding protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	5-8
2941542-4	1986	Since the relative magnitudes of chloride versus bicarbonate excretion rates in response to ANF are a function of the plasma anion concentrations, ANF tends to correct acid-base disorders.	Bicarbonates	49-60	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	92-95
3084387-5	1986	After 90 min acetate dialysis DPTI/SPTI dropped to its lowest value as a result of an excess of myocardial oxygen demand (SPTI) over myocardial oxygen supply (DPTI), signifying transient hypoperfusion of the subendocardium which did not occur during bicarbonate dialysis.	Bicarbonates	250-261	serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
2941542-4	1986	Since the relative magnitudes of chloride versus bicarbonate excretion rates in response to ANF are a function of the plasma anion concentrations, ANF tends to correct acid-base disorders.	Bicarbonates	49-60	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	147-150
2871045-8	1986	The MCD cell pHi response to abrupt removal of CO2/HCO3 included an initial alkalinization due to rapid CO2 efflux, followed by an acidification due to HCO3 efflux and a gradual recovery to the resting pHi of 7.24 +/- 0.06 partly due to the action of a plasma membrane H+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	51-55	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	13-16
2871045-8	1986	The MCD cell pHi response to abrupt removal of CO2/HCO3 included an initial alkalinization due to rapid CO2 efflux, followed by an acidification due to HCO3 efflux and a gradual recovery to the resting pHi of 7.24 +/- 0.06 partly due to the action of a plasma membrane H+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	51-55	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	202-205
2871045-8	1986	The MCD cell pHi response to abrupt removal of CO2/HCO3 included an initial alkalinization due to rapid CO2 efflux, followed by an acidification due to HCO3 efflux and a gradual recovery to the resting pHi of 7.24 +/- 0.06 partly due to the action of a plasma membrane H+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	152-156	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	13-16
2871045-13	1986	The final pHi recovery required intracellular ATP, which indicated that Cl/HCO3 and H+-ATPase activities are present in the same cells in these suspensions.	Bicarbonates	75-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	10-13
3735803-3	1986	Secretin- or pancreozymin-stimulated increase in total values for pancreatic juice flow, bicarbonate, protein and amylase were greater in dogs with obstructive jaundice than in control dogs; however, concentrations of bicarbonate, protein and amylase were unchanged in each group.	Bicarbonates	89-100	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-9
3735803-3	1986	Secretin- or pancreozymin-stimulated increase in total values for pancreatic juice flow, bicarbonate, protein and amylase were greater in dogs with obstructive jaundice than in control dogs; however, concentrations of bicarbonate, protein and amylase were unchanged in each group.	Bicarbonates	218-229	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-9
3706524-4	1986	These fasting bicarbonate and protein peaks reached, respectively, approximately 9 and 30% of the highest postprandial outputs and 4 and 14% of the maximal secretory capacity elicited by secretin or CCK.	Bicarbonates	14-25	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	199-202
3080471-6	1986	Vasopressin abolished the bicarbonate secretion, resulting in net bicarbonate absorption (presumably due to proton secretion) in many tubules.	Bicarbonates	26-37	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
3963941-2	1986	Secretin- or pancreozymin-induced HCO-3 secretion was sensitive to changes in both plasma pH and HCO-3 concentration.	Bicarbonates	34-39	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
3940912-5	1986	The observation of the persistent inhibitory action of atropine after extrinsic denervation of the pancreas is compatible with the hypothesis that endogenous cholinergic activity augments the pancreatic bicarbonate response to secretin.	Bicarbonates	203-214	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	227-235
2867782-4	1986	(1) Bicarbonate and sulfite activated solubilized lysosomal H+-ATPase, but not the membrane-bound ATPase or ATPase incorporated into liposomes.	Bicarbonates	4-15	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	60-69
2867782-4	1986	(1) Bicarbonate and sulfite activated solubilized lysosomal H+-ATPase, but not the membrane-bound ATPase or ATPase incorporated into liposomes.	Bicarbonates	4-15	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	63-69
2877434-6	1986	During recirculation, CCK-OP-stimulated bicarbonate and protein secretion was strongly inhibited by somatostatin.	Bicarbonates	40-51	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
3940912-4	1986	We conclude that the pancreatic bicarbonate response to secretin, and the action of atropine on that response, are independent of an intact extrinsic innervation of the gland.	Bicarbonates	32-43	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	56-64
3080471-6	1986	Vasopressin abolished the bicarbonate secretion, resulting in net bicarbonate absorption (presumably due to proton secretion) in many tubules.	Bicarbonates	66-77	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
3080471-8	1986	We concluded: (a) that arginine vasopressin stimulates absorption of chloride and inhibits bicarbonate secretion (or stimulates proton secretion) in the rat cortical collecting duct; and (b) that bradykinin inhibits net chloride absorption in the rat cortical collecting duct without affecting transepithelial voltage or bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	91-102	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	32-43
3080471-8	1986	We concluded: (a) that arginine vasopressin stimulates absorption of chloride and inhibits bicarbonate secretion (or stimulates proton secretion) in the rat cortical collecting duct; and (b) that bradykinin inhibits net chloride absorption in the rat cortical collecting duct without affecting transepithelial voltage or bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	321-332	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	32-43
3562442-4	1986	The correlation between plasma secretin concentrations and bicarbonate outputs was also significant (r = 0.483; p less than 0.01).	Bicarbonates	59-70	secretin	Homo sapiens	31-39
3562432-6	1986	We found a stimulatory action of neurotensin on pancreatic secretion of volume enzymes and bicarbonate beginning with 1.25 pmol/kg/min neurotensin.	Bicarbonates	91-102	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	33-44
3562442-5	1986	These results indicate that endogenous secretin is released by Fm100 in humans and suggest strongly that the increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion is attributable to the increased plasma concentration of secretin.	Bicarbonates	130-141	secretin	Homo sapiens	39-47
3562442-5	1986	These results indicate that endogenous secretin is released by Fm100 in humans and suggest strongly that the increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion is attributable to the increased plasma concentration of secretin.	Bicarbonates	130-141	secretin	Homo sapiens	209-217
3853465-1	1985	The binding of phosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate, and vanadate to human serum transferrin has been evaluated by two difference ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques.	Bicarbonates	26-37	transferrin	Homo sapiens	76-87
3001738-4	1986	For cells incubated in HCO3(-)-free Ringer"s solution, pHi recovered exponentially from acid loads applied by NH+4 prepulsing.	Bicarbonates	23-30	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	55-58
3001738-6	1986	In HCO3- Ringer"s solution, external Cl- removal caused pHi to reversibly increase by approximately equal to 0.3.	Bicarbonates	3-7	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	56-59
3001738-7	1986	This pHi increase was substantially reduced by 50 microM 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonate (DIDS) or by conducting the Cl- removal in the nominal absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	168-172	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	5-8
3001738-8	1986	Reducing [HCO3-]o from 25 to 5 mM at constant pCO2 (lowering pHo from 7.4 to 6.7) caused pHi to reversibly fall by approximately equal to 0.2.	Bicarbonates	10-14	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	89-92
3001738-9	1986	This pHi change was greatly diminished by DIDS, by removal of extracellular Cl-, or by performing the same pHo shift in the nominal absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	143-147	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	5-8
2995378-10	1985	IL 2-driven proliferation occurred in nominally bicarbonate-free medium in the presence of concentrations of amiloride analogs sufficient to inhibit the Na+/H+ antiport and prevent intracellular alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	48-59	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
4064863-2	1985	One patient had a reduction in the severity of diabetes mellitus, while another showed a progressive increase in the maximum bicarbonate concentration in duodenal juice after the intravenous injection of secretin.	Bicarbonates	125-136	secretin	Homo sapiens	204-212
3840443-2	1985	Peptide YY significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibited the secretory response to the three lowest doses of each pancreatic secretogogue, reducing the bicarbonate response to the 62.5-ng/kg X h dose of secretin by 86% +/- 6% and the protein response to the same dose of cholecystokinin by 57% +/- 16%.	Bicarbonates	149-160	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	0-10
2994494-1	1985	Parathyroid hormone (PTH), through the generation of cAMP, inhibits the transport of sodium, bicarbonate, and water in the proximal convoluted tubule.	Bicarbonates	93-104	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-19
3876499-3	1985	CRF stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion under basal conditions and in response to secretin or cholecystokinin (CCK).	Bicarbonates	26-37	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	102-110
3876499-3	1985	CRF stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion under basal conditions and in response to secretin or cholecystokinin (CCK).	Bicarbonates	26-37	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	131-134
3912401-2	1985	As a replacement, Leibovitz developed a bicarbonate-free medium, L15, with relatively high levels of certain amino acids in the free base form.	Bicarbonates	40-51	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-16	Homo sapiens	65-68
2930899-4	1985	To examine this latter possibility, atrial natriuretic factor was used in alkalotic rats to restore a more normal GFR and to increase the amount of bicarbonate filtered by the glomerulus.	Bicarbonates	148-159	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	36-61
2863267-3	1985	The tonoplast-type ATPase was stimulated by C1-,Br- greater than HCO3- whereas the mitochondrial ATPase was stimulated by HCO3- much greater than C1-,Br-.	Bicarbonates	65-69	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	19-25
2863267-3	1985	The tonoplast-type ATPase was stimulated by C1-,Br- greater than HCO3- whereas the mitochondrial ATPase was stimulated by HCO3- much greater than C1-,Br-.	Bicarbonates	122-126	ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	83-103
2994494-1	1985	Parathyroid hormone (PTH), through the generation of cAMP, inhibits the transport of sodium, bicarbonate, and water in the proximal convoluted tubule.	Bicarbonates	93-104	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-24
4037093-2	1985	The pHi of the rabbit proximal straight tubule perfused in vitro with a solution containing 25 mM HCO3- was 7.22 +/- 0.03.	Bicarbonates	98-103	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-7
4068375-5	1985	Bile flow and biliary outputs of total bile acids and electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-) were decreased in CCl4-treated rats.	Bicarbonates	85-89	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
2997439-6	1985	Addition of NO3, Cl, Br, HCO3, F, SCN or I to a Cl-free, nominally HCO3-free bathing solution accelerated 36Cl efflux.	Bicarbonates	67-71	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	12-15
2997439-11	1985	Measurement of intracellular pH provided conclusive evidence that Cl, NO3, Br and I can exchange with HCO3 across the cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	102-106	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	70-73
3925792-4	1985	When animals in all groups were considered, there were strong correlations between mucosal pHi and both arterial PCO2 (r = -0.76) and pH (r = 0.82) and between mucosal [HCO3]i and both arterial PCO2 (r = 0.98) and HCO3 concentration (r = 0.77).	Bicarbonates	214-218	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	91-93
3925792-11	1985	These findings suggest that the systemic acid-base disorders cause changes in colonic mucosal pHi and [HCO3]i as a consequence of altered arterial PCO2 and HCO3 concentration.	Bicarbonates	156-160	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
4014465-5	1985	Thus, in dogs, HCl in the duodenum releases both CCK and secretin to stimulate pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate as well as enzymes.	Bicarbonates	103-114	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	49-52
4032303-3	1985	Leech Retzius neurones superfused with a pH 7.4 HCO3--free physiological saline were found to have a pHi of 7.3, too high to be explained by a passive distribution of H+ or OH-.	Bicarbonates	48-52	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	101-104
4032303-6	1985	In HCO3--free solutions, pHi recovery from acidification was blocked by removing external Na or by amiloride (2 mM).	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-28
4032303-10	1985	We conclude that in HCO3--free solutions pHi regulation is by a Na-H exchange system; but in the presence of HCO3- there is an additional mechanism which is probably a Na-dependent Cl-HCO3 exchanger.	Bicarbonates	20-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	41-44
3996609-6	1985	In the presence of HCO3- and Cl- a volume increase will accompany the change in pHi.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	80-83
2990529-1	1985	Using 13C NMR spectroscopy, we have further investigated the binding of HCO3- in the active site of an artificial form of human carbonic anhydrase I in which the native zinc is replaced by Co(II).	Bicarbonates	72-76	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	128-148
2989338-15	1985	We conclude that synthetic ANF (a) decreases tubular Na+ reabsorption linked to reabsorption of HCO3 in proximal tubules, and (b) inhibits proximal tubular reabsorption of Pi coupled to Na+ reabsorption, independent of secretion and/or action of parathyroid hormone or calcitonin.	Bicarbonates	96-100	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
2990529-1	1985	Using 13C NMR spectroscopy, we have further investigated the binding of HCO3- in the active site of an artificial form of human carbonic anhydrase I in which the native zinc is replaced by Co(II).	Bicarbonates	72-76	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	189-195
2990529-4	1985	The following are the results at 14 degrees C and pH 6.3 (1) HCO3- is bound in the active site of the catalytically competent enzyme with the 13C of the HCO3- located 3.22 +/- 0.02 A from the Co(II); (2) the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant for the bound HCO3- is 7.6 +/- 1.5 mM, determined by using the paramagnetic effects on the line widths, and 10 +/- 2 mM, determined by using the exchange effects; (3) the lifetime of HCO3- bound to the metal is (4.4 +/- 0.4) X 10(-5) s; (4) the overall catalyzed CO2 in equilibrium HCO3- exchange rate constant of the Co(II) enzyme is (9.6 +/- 0.4) X 10(3) s-1; (5) the electron spin relaxation time of the Co(II), determined by using paramagnetic effects on the bound HCO3-, is (1.1 +/- 0.1) X 10(-11) s. The data did not provide any direct information on the binding of CO2.	Bicarbonates	61-65	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	192-199
2990529-4	1985	The following are the results at 14 degrees C and pH 6.3 (1) HCO3- is bound in the active site of the catalytically competent enzyme with the 13C of the HCO3- located 3.22 +/- 0.02 A from the Co(II); (2) the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant for the bound HCO3- is 7.6 +/- 1.5 mM, determined by using the paramagnetic effects on the line widths, and 10 +/- 2 mM, determined by using the exchange effects; (3) the lifetime of HCO3- bound to the metal is (4.4 +/- 0.4) X 10(-5) s; (4) the overall catalyzed CO2 in equilibrium HCO3- exchange rate constant of the Co(II) enzyme is (9.6 +/- 0.4) X 10(3) s-1; (5) the electron spin relaxation time of the Co(II), determined by using paramagnetic effects on the bound HCO3-, is (1.1 +/- 0.1) X 10(-11) s. The data did not provide any direct information on the binding of CO2.	Bicarbonates	61-65	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	192-198
2990529-4	1985	The following are the results at 14 degrees C and pH 6.3 (1) HCO3- is bound in the active site of the catalytically competent enzyme with the 13C of the HCO3- located 3.22 +/- 0.02 A from the Co(II); (2) the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant for the bound HCO3- is 7.6 +/- 1.5 mM, determined by using the paramagnetic effects on the line widths, and 10 +/- 2 mM, determined by using the exchange effects; (3) the lifetime of HCO3- bound to the metal is (4.4 +/- 0.4) X 10(-5) s; (4) the overall catalyzed CO2 in equilibrium HCO3- exchange rate constant of the Co(II) enzyme is (9.6 +/- 0.4) X 10(3) s-1; (5) the electron spin relaxation time of the Co(II), determined by using paramagnetic effects on the bound HCO3-, is (1.1 +/- 0.1) X 10(-11) s. The data did not provide any direct information on the binding of CO2.	Bicarbonates	61-65	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	569-575
2579866-5	1985	Pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate outputs were not influenced by hypercalcemia during intravenous administration of small amounts of secretin, but were increased by addition of CCK to the secretin infusion.	Bicarbonates	21-32	cholecystokinin	Felis catus	176-179
4021310-6	1985	Mean Vcf values obtained after hemodialysis with bicarbonate were significantly higher than those obtained after hemodialysis with acetate, both in patients with normal and low pre-hemodialysis mean Vcf.	Bicarbonates	49-60	DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region	Homo sapiens	5-8
3998145-5	1985	Increasing doses of secretin produced increasing bicarbonate output (P less than 0.01), whereas trypsin was not stimulated over basal.	Bicarbonates	49-60	secretin	Homo sapiens	20-28
3998145-7	1985	Potentiation occurred for bicarbonate secretion between secretin and caerulein, but not for trypsin output.	Bicarbonates	26-37	secretin	Homo sapiens	56-64
3976887-2	1985	At 1.0 nmol/l GRP stimulated protein (37-fold), fluid (13-fold), and bicarbonate secretion (12-fold).	Bicarbonates	69-80	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	14-17
2985569-5	1985	Here we demonstrate the existence of an additional pHi-regulating mechanism in CCL39 cells, namely a Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange.	Bicarbonates	115-119	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	51-54
2985569-8	1985	Measurements of pHi recovery after an acute acid load indicate that PS120 cells possess an acid-extruding mechanism dependent on external HCO3-, which is inhibited by stilbene derivatives and requires external Na+.	Bicarbonates	138-142	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	16-19
2985569-10	1985	In a HCO3(-)-containing medium, this pHi-regulating mechanism appears to have two essential physiological functions for the Na+/H+ antiport-deficient mutant: protection of the cells against excessive cytoplasmic acidification and establishment of a steady-state pHi permissive for growth, at neutral or slightly acidic pHo values (6.6-7.2).	Bicarbonates	5-12	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	37-40
2985569-10	1985	In a HCO3(-)-containing medium, this pHi-regulating mechanism appears to have two essential physiological functions for the Na+/H+ antiport-deficient mutant: protection of the cells against excessive cytoplasmic acidification and establishment of a steady-state pHi permissive for growth, at neutral or slightly acidic pHo values (6.6-7.2).	Bicarbonates	5-12	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	262-265
3883787-3	1985	Substitution of the initial bicarbonate buffer (281 mosm/L) with a buffer of 251 mosm/L doubled the rate at which active and inactive renin were released into the perfusate.	Bicarbonates	28-39	renin	Homo sapiens	134-139
3874390-5	1985	An increase of bicarbonate from 20 to 40 mmol/l (pH 8.07) hyperpolarizes PDpt (delta PDb) by -2.8 +/- 0.4 mV (n = 9).	Bicarbonates	15-26	PDB1	Homo sapiens	85-88
3981058-1	1985	The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on renal excretion of calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate was studied in acutely thyroparathyroidectomized dogs with metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	86-97	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	14-33
2858160-4	1985	Pancreatic volume, protein, and bicarbonate outputs to all doses of CCK-OP were inhibited significantly (P less than 0.05) in a competitive manner, consistent with the proposed mode of action of proglumide.	Bicarbonates	32-43	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	68-74
2982287-3	1985	ATPase activity, which could be activated by either Cl- or HCO3-, was found in the plasma membrane fraction.	Bicarbonates	59-63	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
3925908-4	1985	TRH caused a significant suppression of protein and bicarbonate output in a dose-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	52-63	TRH	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
3925908-6	1985	From these data, it is suggested that TRH acts directly on both acinar and ductular cells of the pancreas and inhibits the secretions of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	159-170	TRH	Canis lupus familiaris	38-41
3875934-3	1985	We suspected that the low apparent temperature optimum for IL-1 action was due to inadequate pH control by the bicarbonate-buffered medium.	Bicarbonates	111-122	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	59-63
2982285-1	1985	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cAMP inhibit sodium, water, and bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	62-73	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-19
2982285-1	1985	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cAMP inhibit sodium, water, and bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	62-73	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-24
2982287-4	1985	Maximal anion-ATPase activity was achieved with either 25 mM Cl- or 25 mM HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	74-79	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	14-20
2982287-0	1985	Cl- -HCO3- -stimulated ATPase in intestinal mucosa of Aplysia.	Bicarbonates	5-9	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	23-29
2982287-5	1985	The apparent Km for Cl- activation of the ATPase was 10.3 mM, whereas apparent Km for HCO3- was 9.7 mM.	Bicarbonates	86-90	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	42-48
3008503-1	1985	Bicarbonate loaded (alkalotic) rats had reduced plasma phosphate and ionized Ca concentrations and increased urinary cAMP excretion, phosphate clearance and pancreatic tissue uptake of extracellular calcium, all known effects of increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion.	Bicarbonates	0-11	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	239-258
3969605-2	1985	When administered intravenously to healthy volunteers, terbutaline significantly inhibited secretin-stimulated output of duodenal juice and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	140-151	secretin	Homo sapiens	91-99
3885193-0	1985	[Activity of the kinin and renin systems in patients treated with hemodialysis using acetate and bicarbonate liquid].	Bicarbonates	97-108	renin	Homo sapiens	27-32
3978424-3	1985	In nominally HCO-3-free solutions, pHi recovery from acid loading was blocked by 10(-3)M amiloride.	Bicarbonates	13-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	35-38
3838121-4	1985	All three doses of peptide YY significantly inhibited meal-stimulated pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion, with the lowest dose inhibiting secretion by 44.5 +/- 3.5 and 53.6 +/- 8.5%, respectively.	Bicarbonates	91-102	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	19-29
4006312-7	1985	The increase in bicarbonate concentrations of pancreatic juice induced by secretin and histamine in the monkey were greater than that in the dog.	Bicarbonates	16-27	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	74-82
3966629-4	1985	Our results show that in aged rats, the basal pancreatic secretion volume and protein and bicarbonate outputs were significantly reduced, and the pancreatic secretion volume and protein and bicarbonate responses to graded doses of secretin or cholecystokinin-8 were significantly reduced.	Bicarbonates	190-201	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	231-239
6149978-3	1984	Somatostatin infused at doses of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/kg/h against a background of VIP 100 ng/kg/h inhibited in dose-dependent fashion the stimulated epidermal growth factor and bicarbonate outputs from rat Brunner"s gland pouches.	Bicarbonates	180-191	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
3989871-3	1985	In 20 mM HEPES buffered solution, steady state pHi is close to that in control CO2/HCO-3 (25 mM HCO-3, 5% CO2) solution.	Bicarbonates	83-88	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	47-50
3913904-4	1985	BBS administration induces release of insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide from human Islet of Langerhans and causes secretion of pancreatic bicarbonates and enzymes in duodenal juice and release of pancreatic enzymes in blood stream.	Bicarbonates	149-161	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
3860926-0	1985	Effects of some opiates and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion in the rat.	Bicarbonates	95-106	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-57
3860926-0	1985	Effects of some opiates and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion in the rat.	Bicarbonates	95-106	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
3860926-6	1985	The results suggest a role of endogenous opioid peptides and VIP in the humoral and/or nervous control of duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion and mucosal protection.	Bicarbonates	134-145	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
4069301-6	1985	The bicarbonate wastage was independent of serum PTH levels, vitamin D status and hypercalciuria and was associated with a defective tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased random urinary pH and more active nephrolithiasis, with a prevalence of mixed calcium oxalate and phosphate stones.	Bicarbonates	4-15	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	49-52
6149978-3	1984	Somatostatin infused at doses of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/kg/h against a background of VIP 100 ng/kg/h inhibited in dose-dependent fashion the stimulated epidermal growth factor and bicarbonate outputs from rat Brunner"s gland pouches.	Bicarbonates	180-191	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
6149978-7	1984	It is concluded that VIP stimulates secretion of epidermal growth factor and bicarbonate from Brunner"s glands, an effect which is inhibited by somatostatin.	Bicarbonates	77-88	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
6491998-2	1984	Motilin increased pancreatic water, bicarbonate and protein secretion and the motility of the stomach, duodenum and Heidenhain pouch in a manner which closely resembles the spontaneous changes which occur during interdigestive activity.	Bicarbonates	36-47	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
6520791-2	1984	Pancreatic water and bicarbonate responses to a small dose of secretin were greatly augmented in phase with the spontaneous periodic activity of the gut.	Bicarbonates	21-32	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	62-70
6520791-5	1984	Bilateral cervical vagal blockade with local anaesthetics reduced the secretin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion by 50% but the augmentation at the peak was not abolished.	Bicarbonates	90-101	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	70-78
6520791-7	1984	The peak response of volume and bicarbonate to secretin obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics.	Bicarbonates	32-43	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	47-55
6441147-8	1984	The observations indicate first that pHc of rat proximal tubule is more acidic than was previously thought on the basis of distribution studies of weak acids, second that intracellular bicarbonate concentration is around 13 mmol/l and third that bicarbonate exit across the peritubular cell membrane is a passive rheogenic process via a conductive pathway which can be inhibited by SITS.	Bicarbonates	185-196	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
6548570-0	1984	Secretin, VIP, and PHI stimulate rat proximal duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion in vivo.	Bicarbonates	74-85	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
6433999-1	1984	Purified carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and III (CA I, CA II, CA III) from various sources were treated with 2,3-butanedione and their bicarbonate dehydration reactions followed.	Bicarbonates	139-150	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
6433999-1	1984	Purified carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and III (CA I, CA II, CA III) from various sources were treated with 2,3-butanedione and their bicarbonate dehydration reactions followed.	Bicarbonates	139-150	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
6433999-1	1984	Purified carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and III (CA I, CA II, CA III) from various sources were treated with 2,3-butanedione and their bicarbonate dehydration reactions followed.	Bicarbonates	139-150	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	66-72
6548570-5	1984	Compared to the saline control, each dose of VIP produced a significant increase in duodenal bicarbonate secretion in a dose-response manner.	Bicarbonates	93-104	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
6548570-6	1984	The two higher doses of secretin and only the 96 nmol/kg dose of PHI significantly increased bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	93-104	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	24-32
6745606-6	1984	During perfusion with a bicarbonate-free salt solution, motilin significantly enhanced secretion of water, potassium, and chloride.	Bicarbonates	24-35	motilin	Homo sapiens	56-63
6745610-8	1984	At pH 2 or pH 3, liver particles were about as effective as bovine serum albumin in stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	107-118	albumin	Canis lupus familiaris	67-80
6745726-6	1984	As far as bicarbonate is concerned, the lowest dose of secretin (0.03 CU/kg/h) significantly (p less than 0.001) stimulated bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	10-21	secretin	Homo sapiens	55-63
6745726-6	1984	As far as bicarbonate is concerned, the lowest dose of secretin (0.03 CU/kg/h) significantly (p less than 0.001) stimulated bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	124-135	secretin	Homo sapiens	55-63
6745726-7	1984	The dose of 0.9 CU/kg/h of secretin evoked a bicarbonate output of 526 +/- 49 micromol/min; trebling the dose of secretin did not significantly increase the output of bicarbonate above this value.	Bicarbonates	45-56	secretin	Homo sapiens	27-35
6548570-6	1984	The two higher doses of secretin and only the 96 nmol/kg dose of PHI significantly increased bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	93-104	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
6548570-8	1984	It is concluded that secretin and VIP stimulate proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion and are more potent than PHI.	Bicarbonates	66-77	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	21-29
6548570-8	1984	It is concluded that secretin and VIP stimulate proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion and are more potent than PHI.	Bicarbonates	66-77	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
6548570-0	1984	Secretin, VIP, and PHI stimulate rat proximal duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion in vivo.	Bicarbonates	74-85	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
6548570-0	1984	Secretin, VIP, and PHI stimulate rat proximal duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion in vivo.	Bicarbonates	74-85	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
6548570-1	1984	The surface epithelial cells of the stomach and duodenum secrete bicarbonate at rest and in response to a number of agonists including the gastrointestinal hormones, glucagon, and GIP.	Bicarbonates	65-76	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	180-183
6548570-2	1984	Since those hormones with structural homology may have similar effects, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of graded doses (6, 24, and 96 nmol/kg) of pure porcine secretin, VIP, and PHI on bicarbonate secretion by the proximal duodenum containing Brunner"s glands.	Bicarbonates	213-224	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	187-195
6330063-8	1984	The rate of pHi recovery from an acid load depends on external Na+ (half-maximal rate at approximately 35 mM), but is independent of external anions (HCO3-, Cl-) and is not affected by membrane depolarization.	Bicarbonates	150-154	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
6548570-2	1984	Since those hormones with structural homology may have similar effects, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of graded doses (6, 24, and 96 nmol/kg) of pure porcine secretin, VIP, and PHI on bicarbonate secretion by the proximal duodenum containing Brunner"s glands.	Bicarbonates	213-224	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
6742123-11	1984	The decline in aik was associated with a concomitant decline in the HCO3(-) absorptive current.	Bicarbonates	68-72	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	15-18
6379759-0	1984	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the pig pancreas: role of VIPergic nerves in control of fluid and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	109-120	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	0-33
6326603-9	1984	Moreover, additional evidence is presented in favor of a passive HCO3(-) efflux at steady-state pHi in the normal superfusate.	Bicarbonates	65-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	96-99
6327397-3	1984	Regulation of pHi appears to occur by Na:H and HCO3:Cl exchange in the plasma membrane, because inhibition by 0.1 mM amiloride and 0.5 mM 4,4"-diisothiocyano-2,2"-stilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS), respectively, induces constant spike activity in the presence of 11.1 mM glucose.	Bicarbonates	47-51	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
6736918-12	1984	The pHi changes were larger in 10 mM HCO3-Ringer"s than in 1 mM HEPES-Ringer"s, which suggests that HCO3- is transported in exchange for Cl-.	Bicarbonates	37-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	4-7
6736918-12	1984	The pHi changes were larger in 10 mM HCO3-Ringer"s than in 1 mM HEPES-Ringer"s, which suggests that HCO3- is transported in exchange for Cl-.	Bicarbonates	100-104	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	4-7
6736918-13	1984	In both HEPES- and HCO3-Ringer"s, SITS inhibited the pHi changes.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	53-56
6379759-2	1984	VIP stimulates pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion like secretin.	Bicarbonates	36-47	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	0-3
6379759-4	1984	In an isolated perfused preparation of the pig pancreas with intact vagal nerve supply, electrical vagal stimulation caused an atropine-resistant release of VIP, which accurately parallelled the exocrine secretion of juice and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	227-238	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	157-160
6379759-6	1984	It is concluded, that VIP is responsible for (at least part of) the neurally controlled fluid and bicarbonate secretion from the pig pancreas.	Bicarbonates	98-109	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	22-25
6141740-2	1984	Potentiation (more-than-additive response) occurred for bicarbonate secretion between secretin and caerulein, between secretin and L-phenylalanine, but not between secretin and bethanechol.	Bicarbonates	56-67	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	86-94
6698442-4	1984	Bicarbonate secretion was related to plasma secretin concentration, and a marked stimulatory effect of secretin was found in very low, probably physiological, plasma concentrations.	Bicarbonates	0-11	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	44-52
6698442-5	1984	Maximal bicarbonate output was obtained at a plasma concentration of secretin about 20 pmol/l.	Bicarbonates	8-19	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	69-77
6698442-8	1984	It is concluded that secretin in very low plasma concentrations stimulates secretion of bicarbonate, protein and mucus from Brunner"s glands in the rat, while glucagon has no effect, and it is suggested that secretin may be involved in the physiological regulation of Brunner"s gland secretion.	Bicarbonates	88-99	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	21-29
6325518-7	1984	Bicarbonate supplementation of the growth system containing apo-lactoferrin (1 mg/ml) increased inhibition of three coliform strains by apo-lactoferrin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	64-75
6325518-7	1984	Bicarbonate supplementation of the growth system containing apo-lactoferrin (1 mg/ml) increased inhibition of three coliform strains by apo-lactoferrin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	140-151
6372786-6	1984	The glucose-induced increase in pHi appeared rapidly (7 min) and persisted for at least 30 min and it was observed both in bicarbonate/CO2-buffered and in Hepes [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulphonic acid]-buffered media.	Bicarbonates	123-134	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	32-35
6322594-2	1984	Secretin in a dose, 2.45 pmol (0.03 clinical units) X kg-1 X h-1, that mimics the plasma secretin level in the postprandial state increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, but the increase was not statistically significant.	Bicarbonates	151-162	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
6322594-2	1984	Secretin in a dose, 2.45 pmol (0.03 clinical units) X kg-1 X h-1, that mimics the plasma secretin level in the postprandial state increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, but the increase was not statistically significant.	Bicarbonates	151-162	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	89-97
6322594-5	1984	When CCK-OP in four graded doses was added to intravenous infusion of secretin, 2.45 pmol X kg-1 X h-1, the actual bicarbonate output at each dose level of CCK-OP was greater than the sum of the bicarbonate outputs produced by secretin alone and CCK-OP alone in a corresponding dose.	Bicarbonates	115-126	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	70-78
6322594-5	1984	When CCK-OP in four graded doses was added to intravenous infusion of secretin, 2.45 pmol X kg-1 X h-1, the actual bicarbonate output at each dose level of CCK-OP was greater than the sum of the bicarbonate outputs produced by secretin alone and CCK-OP alone in a corresponding dose.	Bicarbonates	115-126	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	156-159
6322594-5	1984	When CCK-OP in four graded doses was added to intravenous infusion of secretin, 2.45 pmol X kg-1 X h-1, the actual bicarbonate output at each dose level of CCK-OP was greater than the sum of the bicarbonate outputs produced by secretin alone and CCK-OP alone in a corresponding dose.	Bicarbonates	115-126	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	156-159
6322594-5	1984	When CCK-OP in four graded doses was added to intravenous infusion of secretin, 2.45 pmol X kg-1 X h-1, the actual bicarbonate output at each dose level of CCK-OP was greater than the sum of the bicarbonate outputs produced by secretin alone and CCK-OP alone in a corresponding dose.	Bicarbonates	195-206	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	70-78
6322594-7	1984	The study indicates that, like secretin, CCK-OP is another necessary agent for pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate during digestion.	Bicarbonates	103-114	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	31-39
6322594-7	1984	The study indicates that, like secretin, CCK-OP is another necessary agent for pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate during digestion.	Bicarbonates	103-114	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	41-44
6141740-4	1984	Atropine abolished the potentiated bicarbonate response to secretin plus L-phenylalanine but had no effect on the response to secretin plus caerulein.	Bicarbonates	35-46	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	59-67
6141740-6	1984	A cholinergic mechanism mediates much of the bicarbonate potentiation between secretin and intestinal L-phenylalanine.	Bicarbonates	45-56	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	78-86
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6321936-4	1984	PTH administration increased urinary excretion of cyclic AMP, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, phosphate clearance, and reabsorption of calcium.	Bicarbonates	81-92	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	0-3
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6321936-6	1984	Infusion of PTH to 3 children with hypoparathyroidism produced exaggerated cyclic AMP, phosphate, calcium, potassium, and bicarbonate responses.	Bicarbonates	122-133	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	12-15
6442999-2	1984	Comparing the calculated extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane, eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr), Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.	Bicarbonates	205-209	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
6366185-3	1983	When kidney cortical slices were incubated in a Krebs-Ringers" bicarbonate solution (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C, the rate of renin release into the incubation medium in vitamin E-deficient group was significantly higher than that in the control group.	Bicarbonates	63-74	renin	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
6666521-5	1983	pHi is influenced by CO2 inhalation or bicarbonate infusion.	Bicarbonates	39-50	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6637965-6	1983	A close correlation was observed between bicarbonate secretion and the increment in plasma secretin concentration and between protein secretion and the increment in plasma gastrin concentration.	Bicarbonates	41-52	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	91-99
6363674-2	1983	The solubility of insulin may be improved with the addition of small amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), lysine, Tris buffer, or bicarbonate buffer.	Bicarbonates	174-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
6420546-5	1983	When pHi was lowered to about 6.8 by replacing the HEPES by 5% CO2, 24 mM-HCO3 (constant pHo), it recovered at a very slow rate of 0.025 +/- 0.011 delta pHi h-1 (n = 6).	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	5-8
16663291-5	1983	The nonactivated RuBPCase values, which averaged 20% lower than the corresponding HCO(3) (-) and Mg(2+)-activated values, increased in a similar manner with increasing solar PAR.	Bicarbonates	82-88	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, chloroplastic 1	Glycine max	17-25
16663291-9	1983	Upon removal of the cover at noon, the HCO(3) (-) and Mg(2+)-activated RuBPCase values and the RuBP levels rose to 465 and 122, respectively, after only 5 minutes of leaf exposure to solar PAR at 1500.These results indicate that, in soybean leaves, light may exert a regulatory effect on extractable RuBPCase in addition to the well-established activation by CO(2) and Mg(2+).	Bicarbonates	39-45	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, chloroplastic 1	Glycine max	71-79
6624917-2	1983	In HCO-3-free Ringer solution, the mean values of intracellular Cl and Na activities (aiCl and aiNa) were 68.9 +/- 1.1 and 8.3 +/- 0.3 mM, respectively.	Bicarbonates	3-8	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	86-90
6195155-8	1983	Using this improved assay, basic features of pHi regulation in A431 cells are documented, including the role of Na+/H+ exchange and Na+-linked C1-/HCO3-exchange in acid extrusion.	Bicarbonates	147-151	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	45-48
6312193-0	1983	The effect of secretin on canine gastric mucosal HCO-3 production.	Bicarbonates	49-54	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	14-22
6414310-2	1983	The present experiments employed in vivo microperfusion, microcalorimetry, and microelectrode techniques to determine the effects of luminal application of a dextran-bound carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (DBI) on bicarbonate reabsorptive rate (JtCO2) and intraluminal pH in the rat proximal convoluted tubule.	Bicarbonates	210-221	diazepam binding inhibitor	Rattus norvegicus	158-200
6414310-2	1983	The present experiments employed in vivo microperfusion, microcalorimetry, and microelectrode techniques to determine the effects of luminal application of a dextran-bound carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (DBI) on bicarbonate reabsorptive rate (JtCO2) and intraluminal pH in the rat proximal convoluted tubule.	Bicarbonates	210-221	diazepam binding inhibitor	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
6312193-3	1983	This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of secretin on gastric mucosal HCO-3 production.	Bicarbonates	79-84	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	51-59
6312193-10	1983	In the first 15-min period following each secretin bolus, significant (P less than 0.05) increases in intraluminal gastric HCO-3 occurred.	Bicarbonates	123-128	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	42-50
6312193-13	1983	In addition to its previously described properties of acid inhibition and gastric mucus stimulation, this study demonstrates that secretin also induces production of gastric HCO-3.	Bicarbonates	174-179	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	130-138
6862157-5	1983	In these patients, the integrated immunoreactive trypsin response to bombesin was significantly correlated with bicarbonate, lipase, and chymotrypsin outputs into the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	112-123	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	69-77
6615809-4	1983	The values are log K1* = 7.8 and log K2* = 6.4 in 0.10 M N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid and 15 mM bicarbonate, pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. Titrations of the two forms of monoferric transferrin show that K1* corresponds to zinc binding to the C-terminal site and K2* corresponds to binding at the N-terminal site.	Bicarbonates	121-132	RBPJ pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	37-40
6615809-4	1983	The values are log K1* = 7.8 and log K2* = 6.4 in 0.10 M N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid and 15 mM bicarbonate, pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. Titrations of the two forms of monoferric transferrin show that K1* corresponds to zinc binding to the C-terminal site and K2* corresponds to binding at the N-terminal site.	Bicarbonates	121-132	transferrin	Homo sapiens	200-211
6615809-4	1983	The values are log K1* = 7.8 and log K2* = 6.4 in 0.10 M N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid and 15 mM bicarbonate, pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. Titrations of the two forms of monoferric transferrin show that K1* corresponds to zinc binding to the C-terminal site and K2* corresponds to binding at the N-terminal site.	Bicarbonates	121-132	keratin 1	Homo sapiens	222-225
6615809-4	1983	The values are log K1* = 7.8 and log K2* = 6.4 in 0.10 M N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid and 15 mM bicarbonate, pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. Titrations of the two forms of monoferric transferrin show that K1* corresponds to zinc binding to the C-terminal site and K2* corresponds to binding at the N-terminal site.	Bicarbonates	121-132	RBPJ pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	281-284
6615809-5	1983	These results indicate that at serum bicarbonate concentrations, transferrin should have a higher affinity for zinc(II) than serum albumin and therefore could play some role in zinc transport.	Bicarbonates	37-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	65-76
6863283-3	1983	In the partial reaction, glycine and H-protein serve as substrates and the products are CO2 (not bicarbonate) and the decarboxylated portion of glycine attached to H-protein.	Bicarbonates	97-108	myosin binding protein H like	Gallus gallus	37-46
6408091-7	1983	Bicarbonate potently stimulated GH release, but only affected PRL when Mg2+ and ATP were present.	Bicarbonates	0-11	prolactin	Bos taurus	62-65
6303891-5	1983	In both healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients, mean serum gastrin concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher after 5 h of intragastric bicarbonate infusion than after 5 h of intravenous bicarbonate infusion during which intragastric pH remained at its natural level.	Bicarbonates	159-170	gastrin	Homo sapiens	65-72
6303892-0	1983	Potentiation effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion stimulated by a physiologic dose of secretin in humans.	Bicarbonates	65-76	secretin	Homo sapiens	123-131
6303892-1	1983	We studied the potentiation effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide and secretin on pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and trypsin in humans.	Bicarbonates	106-117	secretin	Homo sapiens	70-78
6303892-16	1983	Thus, cholecystokinin-octapeptide in a relatively small dose range potentiated the pancreatic bicarbonate secretion stimulated by a physiologic dose of secretin.	Bicarbonates	94-105	secretin	Homo sapiens	152-160
6305208-4	1983	1) Oxytocin increased the pHi when either serosal bicarbonate or Tris buffers was used and even in the presence of a low mucosal pH (Tris buffer, pH 5.8).	Bicarbonates	50-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	26-29
6408094-6	1983	The rate of interconversion of CO2 and HCO-3 at equilibrium catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase III is not altered when the solvent is changed from H2O to 98% D2O and 2% H2O.	Bicarbonates	39-44	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	73-95
6414249-2	1983	Most determinations of pHi in vivo have been performed by using indirect methods, e.g. CO2/HCO3 or DMO techniques, since no suitable direct method for reliable in vivo measurements have been available.	Bicarbonates	91-95	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
6305210-6	1983	Neurotensin, like oleate, potentiated the action of secretin and CCK on pancreatic bicarbonate and had additive effects on protein response to these secretagogues.	Bicarbonates	83-94	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-11
6305210-6	1983	Neurotensin, like oleate, potentiated the action of secretin and CCK on pancreatic bicarbonate and had additive effects on protein response to these secretagogues.	Bicarbonates	83-94	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	65-68
6409996-5	1983	The upper limit for the CO2 in equilibrium HCO3- interconversion has been estimated to be 10 sec-1.	Bicarbonates	43-47	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	93-98
6840488-12	1983	These studies indicate that endogenous secretin is released by an agent other than acid and suggest strongly that the increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion is attributed to the increased plasma concentration of secretin.	Bicarbonates	139-150	secretin	Homo sapiens	39-47
6840488-12	1983	These studies indicate that endogenous secretin is released by an agent other than acid and suggest strongly that the increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion is attributed to the increased plasma concentration of secretin.	Bicarbonates	139-150	secretin	Homo sapiens	216-224
6131942-1	1983	Somatostatin-producing cerebral cortical cell cultures were grown in either high- (33 mM) or low-glucose (5 mM) medium and then exposed to short repetitive changes of high- or low-glucose Krebs-Ringer"s bicarbonate buffer.	Bicarbonates	203-214	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	0-12
6840896-4	1983	On the contrary the presence of a highly significant correlation between HbA1 and arterial blood pH (p less than 0.001) and between HbA1 and plasma bicarbonate (p less than 0.001) seems to emphasize a major role for acidosis in increasing the HbA1 levels in uremic patients on long term hemodialysis.	Bicarbonates	148-159	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
6304246-4	1983	If this ratio is increased to 2:1, a hybrid complex forms, in which the second copper utilizes bicarbonate as the co-anion, thus demonstrating, as for serum transferrin, a difference in the anion binding sites.	Bicarbonates	95-106	transferrin	Homo sapiens	157-168
6687018-7	1983	In previous experiments caerulein and/or secretin evoked increased secretory responses of bicarbonate in chronically alcoholic dogs, but this was not the case in this study with bethanechol, which did not have a stimulating effect on bicarbonate in either test or control dogs.	Bicarbonates	90-101	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	41-49
6576763-8	1983	As neurotensin is a peptide which inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate release, long term ulcerogenic effects of gastric partitioning operations should be considered.	Bicarbonates	92-103	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	3-14
6295872-3	1983	Increasing doses of neurotensin combined with a constant small dose of secretin potentiated pancreatic output of protein and had a tendency to reduce secretion of the bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	167-178	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	20-31
6295872-3	1983	Increasing doses of neurotensin combined with a constant small dose of secretin potentiated pancreatic output of protein and had a tendency to reduce secretion of the bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	167-178	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	71-79
6295872-4	1983	Increasing doses of neurotensin combined with a constant small dose of cholecystokinin-33 potentiated pancreatic output of bicarbonate and lead to a reduction (insignificant) of pancreatic protein secretion.	Bicarbonates	123-134	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	20-31
6840896-4	1983	On the contrary the presence of a highly significant correlation between HbA1 and arterial blood pH (p less than 0.001) and between HbA1 and plasma bicarbonate (p less than 0.001) seems to emphasize a major role for acidosis in increasing the HbA1 levels in uremic patients on long term hemodialysis.	Bicarbonates	148-159	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
6128286-9	1983	The data suggest that somatostatin inhibited bile salt-independent canalicular or ductular secretion, because bile flow, chloride, and bicarbonate output, and the biliary clearance of erythritol were significantly reduced, while bile salt output remained unchanged.	Bicarbonates	135-146	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	22-34
6842177-10	1983	This net efflux required external HCO-3, external Na+, an acid pHi, internal ATP, and was blocked by SITS.	Bicarbonates	34-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	63-66
6842177-11	1983	We conclude that the pHi-regulating system mediates the obligate net influx of HCO-3 (or equivalent species) and Na+ and the net efflux of Cl- in the stoichiometry of 2:1:1.	Bicarbonates	79-84	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	21-24
16662876-6	1983	Addition of HCO(3) (-) to nutrient solution of maize seedlings resulted in a significant increase of the nitrate reductase activity in the roots.	Bicarbonates	12-18	nitrate reductase [NADH] 1	Zea mays	105-122
16662876-7	1983	As HCO(3) (-), like OH(-), increases pH and promotes the synthesis of organic anions, this provides circumstantial evidence that alkaline conditions and/or organic anions have a more direct impact on nitrate reductase activity than do NO(3) (-), NH(4)-N, and amide-N.	Bicarbonates	3-9	nitrate reductase [NADH] 1	Zea mays	200-217
6403922-1	1983	In anaesthetized normocapnic dogs CSF [HCO-3] was increased to ca 33 mmol/l by perfusing the brain ventricles for 45 min with a mock CSF containing a high [HCO-3] which in addition contained 2.5 mg/ml acetazolamide to inhibit central carbonic anhydrase.	Bicarbonates	156-161	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	34-37
6403922-1	1983	In anaesthetized normocapnic dogs CSF [HCO-3] was increased to ca 33 mmol/l by perfusing the brain ventricles for 45 min with a mock CSF containing a high [HCO-3] which in addition contained 2.5 mg/ml acetazolamide to inhibit central carbonic anhydrase.	Bicarbonates	39-44	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	34-37
6832701-7	1983	These results suggest that the terminal ileum, through release of secretin, might play a role in regulating the pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate in response to changes in intraluminal fluids in the distal intestine in the rat.	Bicarbonates	146-157	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	66-74
6313931-5	1983	Inhibition of Cl- exit across the basolateral cell membrane by removal of either HCO3- or Na+ from the perfusion solution resulted in a significant increase in intracellular chloride activity, aiCl, when basolateral osmolarity was raised.	Bicarbonates	81-85	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	193-197
6420717-1	1983	The acid-base effects of long-term bicarbonate hemodialysis (BDH) were evaluated in five patients previously stabilized on acetate hemodialysis (AHD).	Bicarbonates	35-46	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
6420717-5	1983	Pre- to post-dialysis changes in blood bicarbonate, and pH were significantly greater during BDH than during AHD.	Bicarbonates	39-50	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
6420717-7	1983	Because of extreme increases observed intra-dialytically in blood bicarbonate and pH during BHD, the ability to vary bicarbonate delivery to the patient may have to be an integral part of equipment used in BDH.	Bicarbonates	117-128	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	206-209
6664426-1	1983	In order to demonstrate a possible superiority of bicarbonate dialysis (HDB) over acetate dialysis (HDA) in conditions of standard dialysis (4 hours on a 1 m2 cuprophan dialyser) but with a bath rich in sodium (143 mEq/l) and control of ultrafiltration, we have compared 2 sequences of 3 runs of HDA and HDB with these conditions in 8 patients as regards their acido-basic and cardiologic parameters (continuous monitoring of ECG by Holter, regular measurement of blood pressure).	Bicarbonates	50-61	integrator complex subunit 6	Homo sapiens	72-75
6403922-7	1983	1982), they indicate that acetazolamide impedes clearing of HCO-3 from CSF at high and at normal plasma [HCO-3] but not at low plasma [HCO-3].	Bicarbonates	105-110	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	71-74
6403922-8	1983	The experiments therefore suggest a dual contribution for the clearing of HCO-3 from the CSF after its experimental increase: diffusion along the CSF-plasma gradient for HCO-3 and a carbonic anhydrase dependent clearing of HCO-3.	Bicarbonates	74-79	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	89-92
6403922-3	1983	Lowering plasma [HCO-3] to 11 mmol/l by infusing HCl intravenously increased the CSF [HCO-3] fall to 7.5 mmol/l.	Bicarbonates	17-22	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	81-84
6403922-8	1983	The experiments therefore suggest a dual contribution for the clearing of HCO-3 from the CSF after its experimental increase: diffusion along the CSF-plasma gradient for HCO-3 and a carbonic anhydrase dependent clearing of HCO-3.	Bicarbonates	74-79	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	146-149
6403922-3	1983	Lowering plasma [HCO-3] to 11 mmol/l by infusing HCl intravenously increased the CSF [HCO-3] fall to 7.5 mmol/l.	Bicarbonates	86-91	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	81-84
6403922-4	1983	Increasing plasma [HCO-3] to 36 mmol/l completely impeded the fall in CSF [HCO-3].	Bicarbonates	19-24	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	70-73
6403922-4	1983	Increasing plasma [HCO-3] to 36 mmol/l completely impeded the fall in CSF [HCO-3].	Bicarbonates	75-80	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	70-73
6403922-7	1983	1982), they indicate that acetazolamide impedes clearing of HCO-3 from CSF at high and at normal plasma [HCO-3] but not at low plasma [HCO-3].	Bicarbonates	60-65	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	71-74
6403922-7	1983	1982), they indicate that acetazolamide impedes clearing of HCO-3 from CSF at high and at normal plasma [HCO-3] but not at low plasma [HCO-3].	Bicarbonates	105-110	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	71-74
6220498-1	1983	The nuclei of the rat liver, heart, thymus and of the mouse liver isolated in sucrose gradient reveal ATPase sensitive to bicarbonate, sulfite, azide and thiocyanate.	Bicarbonates	122-133	dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8	Mus musculus	102-108
6817788-1	1982	By measuring the rate of exchange at chemical equilibrium of 18O between HCO3- and H2O catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II in the absence of buffers, we have determined the rate of release from the enzyme of water bearing substrate oxygen.	Bicarbonates	73-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	106-127
6760541-3	1982	Bicarbonate appears to activate pyruvate carboxylase and to inhibit succinate dehydrogenase as well as the operation of tricarboxylic acid cycle due to accumulation of oxaloacetate.	Bicarbonates	0-11	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	32-52
6220200-2	1982	Parathyroid extract (PTH), 15 IU/kg/day, given subcutaneously, caused metabolic alkalosis (control vs. experimental; mean +/- SEM): plasma HCO3, 21.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 24.2 +/- 0.5 mEq/l (p less than 0.001); plasma H+, 37.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 35.7 +/- 1.4 nEq/l (p less than 0.05), and net acid excretion, 48.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 65.1 +/- 4.0 mmol/day (p less than 0.01).	Bicarbonates	139-143	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	21-24
7091334-2	1982	Secretin given intravenously in graded doses of 0.03, 0.06, and 0.125 clinical units.kg-1.h-1 produced significant increases in pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate in a dose-related manner.	Bicarbonates	152-163	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
6979941-2	1982	With either 100% O2 or 95% O2-5% CO2 gassing, HCO3-free solutions caused large (greater than 50%) reductions in Isc and G. Increases in [HCO3] of the serosal, but not mucosal, solution caused increases in Isc and G. At least part of the effect appeared to be due specifically to the HCO3 moiety, as opposed to the pH changes that also occurred.	Bicarbonates	46-50	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	314-316
6979941-3	1982	In HCO3-free solutions (100% O2), increasing serosal solution pH above 7 with either permeable or impermeable buffers caused Isc and G to increase; permeable buffers were somewhat more effective than impermeable buffers.	Bicarbonates	3-7	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	62-64
7091334-4	1982	Intrajejunal perfusion of HCl at a rate of 3.3 mM/h, producing plasma secretin concentration comparable with that of the postprandial state, resulted in significant increases in the pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	206-217	secretin	Homo sapiens	70-78
6278610-9	1982	Thus, continuous infusion of insulin added to the rehydration solution, including isotonic bicarbonate, isotonic saline, glucose and electrolytes is as effective as discontinuous insulin infusion, but with a lower incidence of complications.	Bicarbonates	91-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
6286068-1	1982	An examination of the literature, over the past two decades, reveals that (1) in studies of different types of vascular smooth muscles, Mg2+ is often either left out of physiological salt solutions or reduced in concentration compared with that in blood; and (2) when excitation--contraction coupling processes have been examined in isolated vascular tissues and cells, a number of artificial (synthetic) amine and organic zwitterion buffers have often been substituted for the naturally occurring bicarbonate and phosphate anions found in the blood and in cells.	Bicarbonates	498-509	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	136-139
7134866-4	1982	In dogs both HPP and HP-PP inhibited dose-dependently the pancreatic volume flow and bicarbonate and protein outputs.	Bicarbonates	85-96	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
6889790-1	1982	In order to test the hypothesis that oxytocin not only leads to myometrial contractions but also to an increase of prostaglandin synthesis in decidua, human decidua, myometrium and amnion were incubated with and without oxytocin in a modified Krebs-bicarbonate-solution.	Bicarbonates	249-260	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	37-45
7097601-7	1982	Exogenous secretin, given in graded doses ranging from 0.03 to 2.0 clinical unit/kg per hr, increased the plasma secretin concentrations and bicarbonate secretion in a dose-dependent fashion.	Bicarbonates	141-152	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	10-18
6123268-3	1982	Secretion rate and bicarbonate following secretin, lipase, amylase and secretin rate following pancreozymin were significantly lower in the old than in the young after first and second stimulation.	Bicarbonates	19-30	secretin	Homo sapiens	41-49
6123268-3	1982	Secretion rate and bicarbonate following secretin, lipase, amylase and secretin rate following pancreozymin were significantly lower in the old than in the young after first and second stimulation.	Bicarbonates	19-30	secretin	Homo sapiens	71-79
7097601-9	1982	These results indicate that the pH threshold for release of endogenous secretin is 4.5 and suggests that, at pH levels below 4.5, pancreatic bicarbonate secretion depends upon the duodenal acid load and is linearly correlated to an increment in plasma secretin concentrations.	Bicarbonates	141-152	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	71-79
7097601-9	1982	These results indicate that the pH threshold for release of endogenous secretin is 4.5 and suggests that, at pH levels below 4.5, pancreatic bicarbonate secretion depends upon the duodenal acid load and is linearly correlated to an increment in plasma secretin concentrations.	Bicarbonates	141-152	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	252-260
7097601-11	1982	It is concluded that endogenous secretin is a major determinant of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion after a meal.	Bicarbonates	78-89	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	32-40
6978077-3	1982	Duodenal HCO3- transport, which could be titrated directly, was stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP, 10(-6) M), the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (10(-6) M), noradrenaline (10(-6) M), pancreatic glucagon (10(-8) M), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP, 10(-10) M).	Bicarbonates	9-13	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	247-273
6978077-8	1982	Stimulation of gastric HCO3- transport was observed with glucagon (10(-8) M), natural cholecystokinin (CCK, 10(-8) M), and CCK octapeptide (10(-7) M), CCK preparations had no effect in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	23-27	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	86-101
6978077-8	1982	Stimulation of gastric HCO3- transport was observed with glucagon (10(-8) M), natural cholecystokinin (CCK, 10(-8) M), and CCK octapeptide (10(-7) M), CCK preparations had no effect in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	23-27	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	103-106
6978077-3	1982	Duodenal HCO3- transport, which could be titrated directly, was stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP, 10(-6) M), the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (10(-6) M), noradrenaline (10(-6) M), pancreatic glucagon (10(-8) M), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP, 10(-10) M).	Bicarbonates	9-13	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	275-278
6978077-8	1982	Stimulation of gastric HCO3- transport was observed with glucagon (10(-8) M), natural cholecystokinin (CCK, 10(-8) M), and CCK octapeptide (10(-7) M), CCK preparations had no effect in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	23-27	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	123-126
7106418-6	1982	Combined infusions of neurotensin and the cholecystokinin analogue cerulein had synergistic effects on pancreatic bicarbonate output and raised the HCO-3:protein ratio.	Bicarbonates	114-125	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	22-33
6978077-8	1982	Stimulation of gastric HCO3- transport was observed with glucagon (10(-8) M), natural cholecystokinin (CCK, 10(-8) M), and CCK octapeptide (10(-7) M), CCK preparations had no effect in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	23-27	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	123-126
6172220-3	1982	Four parameters were considered:(1) the molar protease binding of alpha 2M; (2) the interaction of bovine cationic trypsin (BCT), complexed to alpha 2M, with low molecular mass substrate, benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE); (3) the stability of formed alpha 2 M-BCT complexes; and (4) the subunit structure of alpha 2M.	Bicarbonates	124-127	pregnancy zone protein	Bos taurus	143-151
6172220-3	1982	Four parameters were considered:(1) the molar protease binding of alpha 2M; (2) the interaction of bovine cationic trypsin (BCT), complexed to alpha 2M, with low molecular mass substrate, benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE); (3) the stability of formed alpha 2 M-BCT complexes; and (4) the subunit structure of alpha 2M.	Bicarbonates	124-127	pregnancy zone protein	Bos taurus	143-151
6188403-0	1982	Receptor-mediated endocytosis of alpha 2-macroglobulin: inhibition by ionophores and stimulation by Na+ and HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	108-112	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	33-54
7036751-1	1982	In a glucose-free bicarbonate Ringer (5% CO2 in N2), insulin increased intracellular pH (pHi), as determined by [14C]dimethadione, by 0.12 +/- 0.02 and stimulated glycolysis, as monitored by anaerobic lactate production, by 42.9 +/- 3.5% in paired frog sartorius muscles.	Bicarbonates	18-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
6183160-4	1982	During a background secretin infusion, there was a significant increase of bicarbonate and amylase output (p less than 0.05) during sham feeding.	Bicarbonates	75-86	secretin	Homo sapiens	20-28
7304732-3	1981	In the presence of 6 mM HCO3(-) (pH0 7.8), the final pHi was 7.31 for either weak acid.	Bicarbonates	24-28	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	53-56
6460007-6	1982	The pigment epithelium-choroid showed significant Mg2+-, Na+-K+-, and HCO3--stimulated ATPase activities, with the stimulation caused by HCO3- about 25% greater than the effect due to Na+-K+, 0.64 vs. 0.51 mumol Pi/hr/mg protein.	Bicarbonates	70-74	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	87-93
6460007-6	1982	The pigment epithelium-choroid showed significant Mg2+-, Na+-K+-, and HCO3--stimulated ATPase activities, with the stimulation caused by HCO3- about 25% greater than the effect due to Na+-K+, 0.64 vs. 0.51 mumol Pi/hr/mg protein.	Bicarbonates	137-141	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	87-93
6806674-1	1982	We evaluated the effect of endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) on serum bicarbonate in 12 patients with postrenal transplant hyperparathyroidism.	Bicarbonates	73-84	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	38-57
7317383-1	1981	Carbon isotope effects for the carbon atom arising from bicarbonate have been measured for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from maize.	Bicarbonates	56-67	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	95-126
7069633-2	1982	Cells in slices of rat renal outer medulla incubated for up to 100 min in modified phosphate-bicarbonate Ringer undergo reversible, concentration-dependent swelling (increase in water content) in the presence of bovine serum albumin (b.s.a).	Bicarbonates	93-104	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	219-232
7134836-1	1982	Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein in response to graded secretin administration with and without concomitant 5 micrograms .	Bicarbonates	24-35	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	70-78
6458325-0	1981	Modulation by bicarbonate, phosphate, and maleate of the kinetics of adenosinetriphosphatase activity and of the binding of manganese ions to chloroplast coupling factor 1.	Bicarbonates	14-25	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-92
6458325-1	1981	Bicarbonate, maleate, and phosphate were shown to modulate adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in coupling factor 1 from chloroplasts.	Bicarbonates	0-11	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	59-82
6458325-1	1981	Bicarbonate, maleate, and phosphate were shown to modulate adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in coupling factor 1 from chloroplasts.	Bicarbonates	0-11	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	84-90
7264948-4	1981	The maximal effect of DBI on bicarbonate excretion was the same as that of acetazolamide.	Bicarbonates	29-40	diazepam binding inhibitor	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
7250635-5	1981	Comparison of the bicarbonate response after oleate infusion with that after secretin administration suggests that the pancreatic stimulatory effect of intraduodenal sodium oleate is mediated to a major extent by the release of endogenous secretin.	Bicarbonates	18-29	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	239-247
7255771-2	1981	(a) The pancreatic response to graded doses of synthetic secretin (water and bicarbonate outputs) was significantly reduced in calcium-treated dogs when compared with controls.	Bicarbonates	77-88	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	57-65
6115584-2	1981	Somatostatin, whether applied topically to the duodenal mucosa or given intravenously, resulted in qualitatively similar inhibition of pancreatic secretion of water, bicarbonate, and enzyme protein, being about four to eight times less potent after intraduodenal than after intravenous administration.	Bicarbonates	166-177	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
7302394-4	1981	Cisternal [Na+] and osmolality remained unchanged with almost identical reciprocal equimolar changes in CSF concentration of Cl- and HCO3- during the acid-base disorders studied.	Bicarbonates	133-137	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	104-107
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	124-127
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	152-155
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	152-155
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	152-155
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	124-127
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	152-155
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	152-155
7302394-5	1981	The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-].	Bicarbonates	48-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	152-155
6946754-6	1981	There was a 92% correlation between a normal or abnormal pancreatic bicarbonate concentration and a normal or abnormal peak/basal PP ratio in response to Boots secretin.	Bicarbonates	68-79	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	130-132
6946754-6	1981	There was a 92% correlation between a normal or abnormal pancreatic bicarbonate concentration and a normal or abnormal peak/basal PP ratio in response to Boots secretin.	Bicarbonates	68-79	secretin	Homo sapiens	160-168
7320867-15	1981	Reducing the external HCO3(-) concentration from 5 mM to 0 mM slowed pHi recovery by an average of about 45%.	Bicarbonates	22-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	69-72
7320867-21	1981	In the presence of the anion exchange inhibitor SITS (4-acetamide-4"-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid), pHi recovery was slowed to the rate which was normally seen in HCO3(-)-free Ringer solution.	Bicarbonates	177-182	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	114-117
7320867-22	1981	SITS abolished the dependence of pHi recovery on the external HCO3(-) concentration.	Bicarbonates	62-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	33-36
7320867-24	1981	It is concluded that pHi regulation in crayfish neurones involves two separate mechanisms: a Na+-dependent, HCO3(-)-independent acid extrusion process, and a Cl---HCO3(-) exchange which is probably also Na+-dependent.	Bicarbonates	108-112	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	21-24
7320867-24	1981	It is concluded that pHi regulation in crayfish neurones involves two separate mechanisms: a Na+-dependent, HCO3(-)-independent acid extrusion process, and a Cl---HCO3(-) exchange which is probably also Na+-dependent.	Bicarbonates	163-167	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	21-24
6787081-2	1981	By using special test solutions that revealed different aspects of jejunal transport, we were able to evaluate the effect of VIP on specific transport processes, such as active bicarbonate absorption, active chloride secretion, and passive absorption or secretion of sodium chloride.	Bicarbonates	177-188	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	125-128
6787081-3	1981	At an infusion rate of 200 pmol/kg per h, VIP inhibited active bicarbonate absorption by approximately 42%, stimulated active chloride secretion to a slight extent, and slightly reduced passive sodium chloride absorption.	Bicarbonates	63-74	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
6787081-4	1981	A larger dose of VIP, 400 pmol/kg per h, had essentially the same effect on active bicarbonate absorption and active chloride secretion, but it markedly depressed passive sodium chloride absorption and also inhibited passive secretion induced by mannitol.	Bicarbonates	83-94	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
6787081-7	1981	We conclude that the major effect of VIP in the human jejunum is to decrease the normal absorption of water and electrolytes--not only active bicarbonate-mediated absorption, but also the passive absorption in response to osmotic forces generated by active or facilitated absorptive processes.	Bicarbonates	142-153	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	37-40
7235024-3	1981	Atropine depressed bicarbonate responses to low doses (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ng.kg-1.h-1) of secretin but had no significant effect on responses to high doses (1,000 and 2,000 ng.kg-1.h-1).	Bicarbonates	19-30	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	95-103
7235024-8	1981	These findings are compatible with the hypotheses that a) endogenous cholinergic activity augments the pancreatic bicarbonate response to secretin, and b) the pancreatic protein response to intraduodenal HCl is, at least in part, mediated cholinergically.	Bicarbonates	114-125	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	138-146
16435474-2	1981	Secretin, caerulein, and bethanechol, the two latter against background secretin, induced similar maximal secretions of water and bicarbonate, and maximal protein outputs with the two latter were not different.	Bicarbonates	130-141	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
7310683-7	1981	Ordinary feeding a liver meal produced a marked increase in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion that was dose-dependently inhibited by bovine pancreatic polypeptide or its C-terminal hexapeptide, the degree of inhibition being closely correlated with the increments in plasma pancreatic polypeptide.	Bicarbonates	71-82	pancreatic polypeptide	Bos taurus	151-173
7310683-7	1981	Ordinary feeding a liver meal produced a marked increase in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion that was dose-dependently inhibited by bovine pancreatic polypeptide or its C-terminal hexapeptide, the degree of inhibition being closely correlated with the increments in plasma pancreatic polypeptide.	Bicarbonates	71-82	pancreatic polypeptide	Bos taurus	285-307
7016708-2	1981	Adipose tissue from normal or streptozotocin-diabetic rats was incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 60 min at 38 degrees C in the presence of heparin and lipoprotein lipase released from the tissue into the incubation medium was measured.	Bicarbonates	89-100	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	154-184
6972849-0	1981	Effect of parathyroid hormone on bicarbonate secretion in the guinea-pig stomach and the amphibian isolated gastric mucosa.	Bicarbonates	33-44	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: parathyroid hormone	Cavia porcellus	10-29
6972849-2	1981	The effect of parathyroid hormone on gastric bicarbonate secretion was determined in the anaesthetized guinea pig.	Bicarbonates	45-56	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: parathyroid hormone	Cavia porcellus	14-33
6972849-3	1981	Subcutaneous injections of bovine parathyroid hormone (75 U.S.P units day-1 kg-1) for 7 days caused a significant increase in HCO3- output.	Bicarbonates	126-130	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	34-53
6972849-18	1981	The inhibitory effect in vitro was greater in the antrum and parathyroid hormone may almost abolish the active component of HCO3- transport in this tissue.	Bicarbonates	124-128	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: parathyroid hormone	Cavia porcellus	61-80
6972849-19	1981	It is likely that any similar inhibition of gastric HCO3- secretion by parathyroid hormone in vivo is masked by the stimulatory effects of released calcium.	Bicarbonates	52-56	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: parathyroid hormone	Cavia porcellus	71-90
16435474-4	1981	In the dose interval of 10-40 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1), atropine suppressed the secretin-stimulated water and bicarbonate, but these or lower doses enhanced the response to submaximal caerulein.	Bicarbonates	109-120	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	79-87
7382058-2	1980	Results from prothrombin and thrombin clotting time determinations demonstrated that bicarbonate can interfere with the clotting process.	Bicarbonates	85-96	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	16-24
6265294-1	1981	In animals, exogenous secretin produces dose--related increases in pancreatic tissue levels of cyclic AMP which are closely correlated with both bicarbonate and cyclic AMP outputs in pancreatic juice.	Bicarbonates	145-156	secretin	Homo sapiens	22-30
6265294-5	1981	In man, bicarbonate and cyclic AMP concentrations of pure pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic cannulation of Vater"s papilla are significantly correlated in response to both secretin and VIP.	Bicarbonates	8-19	secretin	Homo sapiens	178-186
6265294-5	1981	In man, bicarbonate and cyclic AMP concentrations of pure pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic cannulation of Vater"s papilla are significantly correlated in response to both secretin and VIP.	Bicarbonates	8-19	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	191-194
7213685-6	1981	The increase in passive bicarbonate flux was prevented by the addition of 200 microgram/ml catalase to the bathing solution; however, catalase had no effect on the photodynamic alteration of active flux.	Bicarbonates	24-35	catalase	Homo sapiens	91-99
6951428-3	1981	In the proximal tubule, the most striking effect of PTH is the inhibition of bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	77-88	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-55
6778509-3	1980	It is known to inhibit the isolated enzyme, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis was much greater in a bicarbonate-deficient medium where pyruvate carboxylase activity limits the overall rate of the pathway.	Bicarbonates	100-111	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	135-155
6250409-0	1980	PTH inhibition of bicarbonate transport by proximal convoluted tubules.	Bicarbonates	18-29	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
6250409-3	1980	At slow perfusion rates with 25 mM HCO3- in the perfusate and bath, PTH (0.1 U/ml in the bath) caused the total CO2 in tubular fluid to rise from 10.2 to 19.9 mM.	Bicarbonates	35-39	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	68-71
6250409-5	1980	With HCO3(-) in the perfusate and bath, PTH reduced the rates of fluid and total CO2 absorption to 57 and 48% of control values, respectively.	Bicarbonates	5-9	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	40-43
6168511-4	1981	However, synthetic secretin evoked a significantly greater volume and amount of bicarbonate after infusion than the natural compound whilst no difference resulted in the other variables.	Bicarbonates	80-91	secretin	Homo sapiens	19-27
6797043-2	1981	However, it showed a spectrum of activities which resembled those of secretin, including stimulation of pepsin, hepatic bile secretion, and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	151-162	secretin	Homo sapiens	69-77
6797043-4	1981	In particular, if the ratio of the stimulation of pepsin secretion to that of pancreatic juice bicarbonate was 1:1 for secretin, it was 4:1 for gastrozymin.	Bicarbonates	95-106	secretin	Homo sapiens	119-127
7440559-6	1980	When cells isolated in phosphate-buffered saline were incubated in bicarbonate-containing buffers, there was a time-dependent decrease in the apparent activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase with little change in the total activity of the enzyme.	Bicarbonates	67-78	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	163-203
6452664-0	1980	Effect of bicarbonate and other anions on the oxidized and reduced forms of F1-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	10-21	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	79-85
6777843-3	1980	At 15 min, the CO2 induced increase in [HCO3-] was accompanied in CSF by an equimolar increase in [Na+] and in brain tissue by an increase in [K+].	Bicarbonates	40-45	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
6104568-9	1980	It is concluded that a sensitive, validated secretin radioimmunoassay should be one that is capable of detecting increments of plasma secretin in response to doses of intraduodenal acid at 0.055 mEq/min or lower and intravenous administration of exogenous secretin at 0.03 CU/kg/hr with concomitant stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate and water secretion.	Bicarbonates	325-336	secretin	Homo sapiens	44-52
6104568-9	1980	It is concluded that a sensitive, validated secretin radioimmunoassay should be one that is capable of detecting increments of plasma secretin in response to doses of intraduodenal acid at 0.055 mEq/min or lower and intravenous administration of exogenous secretin at 0.03 CU/kg/hr with concomitant stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate and water secretion.	Bicarbonates	325-336	secretin	Homo sapiens	134-142
6104568-9	1980	It is concluded that a sensitive, validated secretin radioimmunoassay should be one that is capable of detecting increments of plasma secretin in response to doses of intraduodenal acid at 0.055 mEq/min or lower and intravenous administration of exogenous secretin at 0.03 CU/kg/hr with concomitant stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate and water secretion.	Bicarbonates	325-336	secretin	Homo sapiens	134-142
6777843-4	1980	At 3 h, the further increase in [HCO3-] was accompanied in CSF by a smaller increase in [Na+] and a decrease in [Cl-] and in brain tissue, there were no longer any significant changes in monovalent ions.	Bicarbonates	33-37	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
6777843-6	1980	In CSF, the immediate increase in [Na+] and [HCO3-] is probably via choroid plexus while by 3 h, the CSF [HCO3-] increase could reflect exchange with blood at non-choroidal sites or to a less likely extent exchange with brain cells.	Bicarbonates	45-49	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
6777843-6	1980	In CSF, the immediate increase in [Na+] and [HCO3-] is probably via choroid plexus while by 3 h, the CSF [HCO3-] increase could reflect exchange with blood at non-choroidal sites or to a less likely extent exchange with brain cells.	Bicarbonates	106-110	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
7375186-1	1980	We evaluated CSF [HCO3-] regulation in lightly anesthetized newborn puppies following: (1) acute total asphyxia; (2) metabolic acidosis; and (3) metabolic acidosis induced after acute asphyxia.	Bicarbonates	18-22	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	13-16
7411455-12	1980	The spikes disappeared when pHi was increased again following the addition of 10 mM-bicarbonate to the external solution.	Bicarbonates	84-95	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	28-31
6767908-6	1980	The patients of the low dose insulin infusion regimen needed less insulin, potassium and bicarbonate and reached earlier a bloodglucose level of 300 mg/dl.	Bicarbonates	89-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
7375186-2	1980	Five and one-half min of total asphyxia resulted in a 4.4 mM/liter decrease in mean CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	89-93	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
7392896-7	1980	Respiratory compensation as calculated from "excess ventilation," delta VE/delta HCO3-, was approximately 4 1 min-1/mEq 1-1.	Bicarbonates	81-85	dermatopontin	Mus musculus	116-123
7375186-3	1980	During 65 min of recovery with mechanical ventilation mean CSF [HCO3-] increased 1.7 mM/liter.	Bicarbonates	64-68	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	59-62
7375186-6	1980	With acidosis in nonasphyxiated control puppies, CSF [HCO3-] decreased steadily.	Bicarbonates	54-59	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	49-52
7375186-7	1980	At 4 hr, the ratio, delta CSF [HCO3-]/delta plasma [HCO3-], was 0.43, a value close to that observed in adults of many species with metabolic acid-base disturbances, 0.41.	Bicarbonates	31-35	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
7375186-8	1980	With acidosis in asphyxiated puppies allowed 1 hr of recovery, the time course and mean values of plasma and CSF [HCO3-] were indistinguishable from those of the nonasphyxiated acidotic controls.	Bicarbonates	114-118	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	109-112
7375186-9	1980	Newborn puppies appear to regulate CSF [HCO3-] in response to acute asphyxia or metabolic acidosis, and acute asphyxia does not impair the puppy"s ability to regulate CSF [HCO3-] in metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	40-44	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	35-38
7355392-6	1980	This increase of secretin may be responsible, in part, for suppression of both gastric acid output and gastrin release, as well as for increases in pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein.	Bicarbonates	172-183	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	17-25
6245584-0	1980	Bicarbonate transport by proximal tubules: effect of parathyroid hormone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.	Bicarbonates	0-11	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	53-72
517650-1	1979	The role of nerves that liberate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the porcine pancrease as mediators of the atropine-resistant action of the vagus on flow and bicarbonate (HCO3) secretion was examined.	Bicarbonates	169-180	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	68-71
6249157-12	1980	When pHi is made acidic, chloride efflux from the squid giant axon increases and this stimulation requires cellular ATP and external HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	133-138	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	5-8
6249157-13	1980	When pHi is measured following an acid load, it is found that pHi recovery toward normal values requires cellular Cl-, ATP and external HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	136-141	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	5-8
6249157-13	1980	When pHi is measured following an acid load, it is found that pHi recovery toward normal values requires cellular Cl-, ATP and external HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	136-141	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	62-65
6249157-14	1980	Thus, an exchange process between cellular Cl- and extracellular HCO3- appears to play an important role in pH1 regulation.	Bicarbonates	65-69	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	108-111
7450390-5	1980	In patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis with whom the ordinary test, containing the assay of the total volume, amylase output and maximum bicarbonate concentration of duodenal juice had produced normal results, the DNase I inhibitor output was observed to be higher than that in control subjects.	Bicarbonates	146-157	deoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	223-230
6165067-12	1980	The increase in the plasma concentration of secretin after repeated bile infusions, with a corresponding effect on flow rate and bicarbonate secretion, indicates that secretin may be the main factor responsible for the exocrine pancreatic secretion caused by intraduodenal bile infusions.	Bicarbonates	129-140	secretin	Homo sapiens	44-52
6165067-12	1980	The increase in the plasma concentration of secretin after repeated bile infusions, with a corresponding effect on flow rate and bicarbonate secretion, indicates that secretin may be the main factor responsible for the exocrine pancreatic secretion caused by intraduodenal bile infusions.	Bicarbonates	129-140	secretin	Homo sapiens	167-175
549430-3	1979	From a basal level of 28 +/- 13 mu mol/5 min, secretin by itself significantly increased pancreatic bicarbonate to 182 +/- 24 mu mol/5 min.	Bicarbonates	100-111	secretin	Homo sapiens	46-54
553557-0	1979	[Variations of chlorides and bicarbonates in pancreatic juice in response to increasing doses of secretin and cholecystokinin].	Bicarbonates	29-41	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	97-105
43890-12	1979	In the presence of HCO3-1, CO2 saline produced smaller, biphasic changes in pH1.	Bicarbonates	19-23	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	76-79
41827-2	1979	The change in pHi during hypercapnia was significantly smaller in the rats with myocardial hypertrophy, with the apparent nonbicarbonate buffer value (delta [HCO3-]i/delta pHi) being almost three times that of the sham-operated rats.	Bicarbonates	158-162	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
574944-12	1979	Secretin and urecholine showed similar protein responses during return of pancreatic juice but after diversion, they stimulated water and bicarbonate secretion only.	Bicarbonates	138-149	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
500014-3	1979	It is further demonstrated that ATP citrate lyase is activated by various anions including chloride, hydrogen carbonate, and acetate.	Bicarbonates	101-119	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	32-49
553557-0	1979	[Variations of chlorides and bicarbonates in pancreatic juice in response to increasing doses of secretin and cholecystokinin].	Bicarbonates	29-41	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	110-126
41090-8	1979	It also depends on pHi, since acidification of HCO3-containing ASW leads to a greater enhancement of the response to cyclic GMP than is observed with acidified HERPES-ASW.	Bicarbonates	47-51	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	124-127
512956-15	1979	The ability of other inorganic anions to exchange with bicarbonate decreased in the sequence Cl greater than NO3 greater than F greater than Br greater than or equal to I, corresponding to the sequence of the rate of self-exchange of halides.	Bicarbonates	55-66	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	109-112
112088-4	1979	In dogs with normal plasma [HCO3-], CSF [HCO3-] rose by approximately 7 mmol/l in 2 h after the end of the perfusion.	Bicarbonates	41-45	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	36-39
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	17-21	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	17-21	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	161-164
112088-0	1979	Restoration of CSF [HCO3-] after its experimental lowering in normocapnic conditions.	Bicarbonates	20-25	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	15-18
112088-1	1979	It is accepted that in hypercapnia the rise in cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate concentration (CSF [HCO3-]) occurs because of local HCO3--generating mechanisms, dependent on carbonic anhydrase, as well as on diffusion of HCO3- from plasma.	Bicarbonates	67-78	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	94-97
112088-1	1979	It is accepted that in hypercapnia the rise in cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate concentration (CSF [HCO3-]) occurs because of local HCO3--generating mechanisms, dependent on carbonic anhydrase, as well as on diffusion of HCO3- from plasma.	Bicarbonates	99-103	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	94-97
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	71-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
112088-1	1979	It is accepted that in hypercapnia the rise in cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate concentration (CSF [HCO3-]) occurs because of local HCO3--generating mechanisms, dependent on carbonic anhydrase, as well as on diffusion of HCO3- from plasma.	Bicarbonates	131-135	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	94-97
501615-8	1979	administration of atropine inhibited the pancreatic bicarbonate secretions stimulated by duodenal acidification or exogenous secretin.	Bicarbonates	52-63	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	125-133
112088-1	1979	It is accepted that in hypercapnia the rise in cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate concentration (CSF [HCO3-]) occurs because of local HCO3--generating mechanisms, dependent on carbonic anhydrase, as well as on diffusion of HCO3- from plasma.	Bicarbonates	131-135	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	94-97
112088-2	1979	To investigate further the regulation of CSF [HCO3-], CSF HCO3- formation was studied under conditions of pure isocapnic CSF "metabolic" acidosis.	Bicarbonates	46-50	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	41-44
112088-2	1979	To investigate further the regulation of CSF [HCO3-], CSF HCO3- formation was studied under conditions of pure isocapnic CSF "metabolic" acidosis.	Bicarbonates	58-62	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	54-57
112088-2	1979	To investigate further the regulation of CSF [HCO3-], CSF HCO3- formation was studied under conditions of pure isocapnic CSF "metabolic" acidosis.	Bicarbonates	58-62	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	54-57
112088-3	1979	In anesthetized normocapnic dogs CSF [HCO3-] was lowered to approximately 15 mmol/l by perfusing the brain ventricles with a low HCO3- solution for 45 min.	Bicarbonates	38-42	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	33-36
112088-3	1979	In anesthetized normocapnic dogs CSF [HCO3-] was lowered to approximately 15 mmol/l by perfusing the brain ventricles with a low HCO3- solution for 45 min.	Bicarbonates	129-133	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	33-36
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	71-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	161-164
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	71-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	71-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	161-164
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	71-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
112088-5	1979	Lowering plasma [HCO3-] to 10 mmol/l by infusing HCl, limited the CSF [HCO3-] rise to 2 mmol/l, indicating the importance of plasma HCO3- for the restoration of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	71-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	161-164
112088-6	1979	The small and persistent rise of CSF [HCO3-] at low plasma [HCO3-] occurred against a concentration gradient with blood.	Bicarbonates	38-42	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	33-36
112088-6	1979	The small and persistent rise of CSF [HCO3-] at low plasma [HCO3-] occurred against a concentration gradient with blood.	Bicarbonates	60-64	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	33-36
112088-8	1979	It is concluded that under the conditions of our experiments the CSF [HCO3-] rise is significantly dependent on plasma [HCO3-] and the caronic anhydrase-dependent HCO3- generation in the CNS is less important.	Bicarbonates	70-74	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	65-68
112088-8	1979	It is concluded that under the conditions of our experiments the CSF [HCO3-] rise is significantly dependent on plasma [HCO3-] and the caronic anhydrase-dependent HCO3- generation in the CNS is less important.	Bicarbonates	120-124	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	65-68
112088-8	1979	It is concluded that under the conditions of our experiments the CSF [HCO3-] rise is significantly dependent on plasma [HCO3-] and the caronic anhydrase-dependent HCO3- generation in the CNS is less important.	Bicarbonates	120-124	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	65-68
112088-4	1979	In dogs with normal plasma [HCO3-], CSF [HCO3-] rose by approximately 7 mmol/l in 2 h after the end of the perfusion.	Bicarbonates	28-32	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	36-39
501615-15	1979	The data indicate that the changes of cholinergic tone do not affect release of endogenous secretin but alter the exocrine pancreatic bicarbonate secretion stimulated by secretin.	Bicarbonates	134-145	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	170-178
479989-6	1979	No difference in the rate of growth was detected between "hypobasemic" infants given a solution of bicarbonate calculated to bring their blood CO2TOT to greater than 21 mM and those given similar amounts of isotonic saline solution.	Bicarbonates	99-110	complement C2	Homo sapiens	143-146
35981-2	1979	This increase in the plasma secretin concentration coincided with a marked increase in pancreatic bicarbonate output and frequent decreases in the mean proximal duodenal pH to less than 4.5 from the range of 6.5 in the fasting state.	Bicarbonates	98-109	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	28-36
434213-0	1979	Effect of parathyroid hormone on bicarbonate absorption by proximal tubules in vitro.	Bicarbonates	33-44	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	10-29
571739-8	1979	These experiments indicate that the major factors directly controlling phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in vivo are phosphoenolpypyruvate and HCO3- concentrations.	Bicarbonates	150-154	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, housekeeping isozyme	Glycine max	71-102
437425-2	1979	During secretin, bile flow (+80%) and bicarbonate output (+140%) both rose while bile salt output was unchanged (+2.4%).	Bicarbonates	38-49	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	7-15
37687-4	1979	Significant positive correlations were obtained between plasma secretin and infused dose of HCl, between pancreatic bicarbonate output and infused dose of HCl and between plasma secretin and pancreatic bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	202-213	secretin	Homo sapiens	178-186
37687-5	1979	The calculated maximal pancreatic bicarbonate output (Vmax) of 30.6 mEq/h and the calculated dose of secretin to elicit half maximal pancreatic bicarbonate output (S50) of 0.2 CU/kg-h following duodenal acidification were comparable to that seen after intravenous infusion of secretin.	Bicarbonates	144-155	secretin	Homo sapiens	101-109
434213-1	1979	The effect of parathyroid hormone on bicarbonate absorption was tested in rabbit proximal renal tubules perfused in vitro.	Bicarbonates	37-48	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-33
434213-2	1979	In proximal straight tubules 0.05 U/ml of parathyroid hormone caused a large and reversible increase in the steady-state bicarbonate concentration in tubule fluid.	Bicarbonates	121-132	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-61
434213-4	1979	We conclude that parathyroid hormone directly inhibits fluid and bicarbonate absorption by proximal straight tubules, causing an increase in the bicarbonate concentration in the tubule fluid, and we suggest that this action of the hormone contributes to the increase in renal bicarbonate excretion that is generally caused by the hormone.	Bicarbonates	65-76	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	17-36
434213-4	1979	We conclude that parathyroid hormone directly inhibits fluid and bicarbonate absorption by proximal straight tubules, causing an increase in the bicarbonate concentration in the tubule fluid, and we suggest that this action of the hormone contributes to the increase in renal bicarbonate excretion that is generally caused by the hormone.	Bicarbonates	145-156	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	17-36
434213-4	1979	We conclude that parathyroid hormone directly inhibits fluid and bicarbonate absorption by proximal straight tubules, causing an increase in the bicarbonate concentration in the tubule fluid, and we suggest that this action of the hormone contributes to the increase in renal bicarbonate excretion that is generally caused by the hormone.	Bicarbonates	145-156	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	17-36
434213-5	1979	In proximal convoluted tubules, parathyroid hormone was previously demonstrated by other investigators to inhibit fluid and bicarbonate absorption approximately proportionally, so that there was little or no change in the bicarbonate concentration in tubule fluid.	Bicarbonates	124-135	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	32-51
45223-0	1979	Bicarbonate ATP-ase in ciliary body and a theory of Diamox effect on aqueous humor formation.	Bicarbonates	0-11	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	12-19
428706-6	1979	The lowest dose of PP significantly inhibiting stimulated pancreatic secretion was 100 pmol kg-1 hr-1 for bicarbonate output and 200 pmol kg-1 hr-1 for protein output.	Bicarbonates	106-117	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	19-21
428706-8	1979	We conclude that exogenous doses of PP that produce smaller increments in PP concentration than those seen after feeding inhibit pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion stimulated by secretin and caerulein.	Bicarbonates	140-151	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	36-38
428706-8	1979	We conclude that exogenous doses of PP that produce smaller increments in PP concentration than those seen after feeding inhibit pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion stimulated by secretin and caerulein.	Bicarbonates	140-151	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	74-76
422007-4	1979	After subtracting basal values and normalizing for body weight, the treated group means were statistically significantly greater than those of the control for: maximal bicarbonate output (1.81 times control) to secretin; and maximal outputs to cholecystokinin of volume (2.46 times control), bicarbonate (2.69 times control), and protein (2.28 times control).	Bicarbonates	168-179	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	211-219
422007-7	1979	We conclude that chronic treatment with secretin plus caerulein exerts a trophic effect on the pancreas associated with increased maximal protein output to cholecystokinin and increased maximal bicarbonate output to secretin.	Bicarbonates	194-205	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	40-48
446613-1	1979	Release of endogenous somatostatin (SRIF) from the rat cerebral cortical slices incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate buffer was increased from the basal rate of 3.4 +/- 0.6% of the total SRIF content in 15 min at [K+]o = 5.6 mM, to 13.1 +/- 1.6% upon raising the [K+]o to 56.6 mM.	Bicarbonates	99-110	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	22-34
45223-2	1979	Maximum HCO3- stimulation of ATPase with Tris-Hepes buffer occured at pH 8.0.	Bicarbonates	8-12	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	29-35
45223-8	1979	Inhibition of Cl- or HCO3- secretion by acetazolamide results from decreased intracellular HCO3- levels which, in turn, reduces the stimulation of the HCO3- ATPase.	Bicarbonates	21-25	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	157-163
45223-8	1979	Inhibition of Cl- or HCO3- secretion by acetazolamide results from decreased intracellular HCO3- levels which, in turn, reduces the stimulation of the HCO3- ATPase.	Bicarbonates	91-95	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	157-163
424692-0	1979	Physiological significance of secretin in the pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	57-68	secretin	Homo sapiens	30-38
34514-0	1979	A 13C nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of CO2-HCO3-exchange catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase C at chemical equilibrium.	Bicarbonates	46-50	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	79-99
373424-3	1979	Endogenous or exogenous gastrin causes a marked elevation in the pancreatic enzymes and a lesser increase in the pancreatic volume and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	135-146	gastrin	Homo sapiens	24-31
365654-0	1979	Effects of calcium, lanthanum, and bicarbonate ion on epinephrine modification of insulin release in vitro.	Bicarbonates	35-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
441571-0	1979	Role of PCO2 as determinant of CSF [HCO-3] in metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	36-41	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	31-34
441571-1	1979	To study regulation of CSF [HCO-3] in metabolic acidosis and in particular the role of CSF PCO2 in establishing CSF bicarbonate level, acute metabolic acidosis was induced by the intravenous infusion of HCl in three groups of anesthetized dogs for six hours when PaCO2 was changed at different rates.	Bicarbonates	28-33	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	23-26
441571-7	1979	CSF [HCO-3] fell significantly by 6.1 meq/L at 6 hours and in parallel with the fall in CSF PCO2.	Bicarbonates	5-10	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
441571-7	1979	CSF [HCO-3] fell significantly by 6.1 meq/L at 6 hours and in parallel with the fall in CSF PCO2.	Bicarbonates	5-10	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	88-91
441571-10	1979	CSF bicarbonate fell rapidly and by 5 meq/L.	Bicarbonates	4-15	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
441571-12	1979	Therefore, in metabolic acidosis the rate of the fall in cisternal bicarbonate appears to be a function of the rate of fall in CSF PCO2.	Bicarbonates	67-78	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	127-130
761835-2	1979	During an intravenous infusion of BPP at a dose which produced plasma levels similar to those seen after meals in healthy young adults the volume and bicarbonate content of duodenal juice was reduced by 25% (p less than 0.05) and 24% (p less than 0.05) respectively, while protein and bilirubin concentrations were more markedly reduced by 68% (p less than 0.0005) and 67% (p less than 0.0005) respectively.	Bicarbonates	150-161	sushi repeat containing protein X-linked 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
514093-7	1979	Parathyroid hormone, the second factor studied, strongly inhibited bicarbonate absorption by proximal straight tubules.	Bicarbonates	67-78	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-19
34207-0	1979	Physiological significance of secretin in the pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	57-68	secretin	Homo sapiens	30-38
424692-2	1979	Pancreatic bicarbonate response to a physiological increase in plasma secretin concentration.	Bicarbonates	11-22	secretin	Homo sapiens	70-78
424692-6	1979	All three doses of secretin increased plasma secretin concentration, duodenal bicarbonate concentration, and duodenal bicarbonate output significantly.	Bicarbonates	78-89	secretin	Homo sapiens	19-27
424692-6	1979	All three doses of secretin increased plasma secretin concentration, duodenal bicarbonate concentration, and duodenal bicarbonate output significantly.	Bicarbonates	118-129	secretin	Homo sapiens	19-27
424692-8	1979	The increments in median plasma secretin concentration were 1.6, 3.0, and 6.4 pmol x 1(-1) after secretin, 125, 250 and 500 fmol x kg-1, and the corresponding 15-min bicarbonate output 283, 442, and 1435 micromol, respectively.	Bicarbonates	166-177	secretin	Homo sapiens	32-40
424692-10	1979	It is concluded that the physiological concentrations or secretin influence pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	87-98	secretin	Homo sapiens	57-65
31763-9	1978	It is discussed whether the gastrin release at alkaline pH is induced by the alkaline pH itself or by anions such as HPO-4, HCO-3 and OH-.	Bicarbonates	124-129	LOC105260099	Felis catus	28-35
747656-0	1978	The effects of ammonium chloride and bicarbonate on the activity of glutaminase in isolated liver mitochondria.	Bicarbonates	37-48	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	68-79
747656-11	1978	A correlation was observed between the activity of glutaminase in the presence of NH4Cl plus HCO3- and the intramitochondrial content of <protein-id="4508">ATP.	Bicarbonates	93-97	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	51-62
747656-17	1978	It was concluded that maximum rates of glutaminase activity in liver mitochondria require the presence of phosphate, ATP and either HCO3- or NH4+.	Bicarbonates	132-136	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	39-50
700325-2	1978	Somatostatin resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of basal secretion (flow, bicarbonate, protein) in conscious rats.	Bicarbonates	77-88	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
30676-6	1978	In 7 additional subjects, bolus intravenous injections of 0.005 and 0.01 clinical units kg-1 of porcine secretin resulted in peak delta secretin concentrations of 5.5 and 10.5 pg ml-1, respectively, and were followed by a significant increase of bicarbonate output in the duodenal aspirate.	Bicarbonates	246-257	secretin	Homo sapiens	104-112
30676-7	1978	These results indicate that secretin is released unevenly and intermittently in the early period after a liquid meal in man, in amounts that seem sufficient for the initiation of a significant bicarbonate response.	Bicarbonates	193-204	secretin	Homo sapiens	28-36
700325-6	1978	Somatostatin markedly inhibited secretion stimulated by 2-deoxyglucose and by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves in a dose-dependent fashion (protein and bicarbonate exhibited a maximal inhibition of 85%).	Bicarbonates	162-173	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
700325-7	1978	Acetylcholine-stimulated secretion was also inhibited by somatostatin, but the maximal inhibitions observed were only 505 for protein and 60% for bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	146-157	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	57-69
103722-2	1978	In the presence of secretin (0.5 CU/kg.h) the infusion of Ca2+ (0.3 mmol/kg.105 min) resulted in an increase in secretion of enzymes by 100-200%, and in that of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by 50-100% without affecting fluid and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	214-225	secretin	Homo sapiens	19-27
741104-2	1978	Both the slope S and the intercept B were positively and linearly related to the CSF bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	85-96	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Felis catus	81-84
741104-5	1978	It was found that changes in the CSF bicarbonate concentration are reflected for 60 per cent at the site of the central chemoreceptors, and that this was independent of the cerebral perfusion.	Bicarbonates	37-48	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Felis catus	33-36
726803-5	1978	Thus the elevation of VIP was the most longlasting, and while probably not of sufficient magnitude to stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate secretion via the circulation, could reflect a significant local role in regulating the response of the intestinal mucosa to acid.	Bicarbonates	123-134	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	22-25
371638-0	1978	[Effect of a bicarbonate-alkaline-earth mineral water on the proteolytic and alpha-glucosidase activity of the gastric mucosa].	Bicarbonates	13-24	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	77-94
27438-5	1978	The determination of the CSF/blood relationship of individual parameters shows a significant increase of the lactate quotient as well as a decrease of the pH quotient and of bicarbonate quotient.	Bicarbonates	174-185	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
707463-5	1978	Approximately 96% of patients with advanced grade chronic pancreatitis had a excretory pattern of decreased DMO output with low bicarbonate concentration and decreased volume flow.	Bicarbonates	128-139	DMRT like family A1	Homo sapiens	108-111
580834-1	1978	In anaesthetized pigs gastrin release was stimulated by irrigation of the antrum with bicarbonate and by instillation of a meat extract.	Bicarbonates	86-97	gastrin	Sus scrofa	22-29
343601-4	1978	In CCK-treated rats, the maximal protein and bicarbonate outputs in response to cholecystokinin increased proportionately to the increase in pancreatic weight, but maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to secretin were unaltered.	Bicarbonates	45-56	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
348540-6	1978	For these "CPR-secretors" there was a strong correlation between CPR and output of bicarbonate (r = 0.87, p less than 0.005) and amylase (r = 0.7, p less than 0.05), but not with trypsin.	Bicarbonates	83-94	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	11-14
348540-6	1978	For these "CPR-secretors" there was a strong correlation between CPR and output of bicarbonate (r = 0.87, p less than 0.005) and amylase (r = 0.7, p less than 0.05), but not with trypsin.	Bicarbonates	83-94	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	65-68
343601-4	1978	In CCK-treated rats, the maximal protein and bicarbonate outputs in response to cholecystokinin increased proportionately to the increase in pancreatic weight, but maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to secretin were unaltered.	Bicarbonates	45-56	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	80-95
343601-4	1978	In CCK-treated rats, the maximal protein and bicarbonate outputs in response to cholecystokinin increased proportionately to the increase in pancreatic weight, but maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to secretin were unaltered.	Bicarbonates	172-183	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
343601-7	1978	We conclude that 1) the increase in pancreatic weight produced by repeated injections of cholecystokinin was accompanied by proportional increase in functional capacity as reflected by the increased maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to cholecystokinin, and 2) repeated administration of secretin decreased the sensitivity of the pancreas to secretin without altering maximal bicarbonate response.	Bicarbonates	207-218	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	89-104
343601-7	1978	We conclude that 1) the increase in pancreatic weight produced by repeated injections of cholecystokinin was accompanied by proportional increase in functional capacity as reflected by the increased maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to cholecystokinin, and 2) repeated administration of secretin decreased the sensitivity of the pancreas to secretin without altering maximal bicarbonate response.	Bicarbonates	207-218	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	254-276
343601-7	1978	We conclude that 1) the increase in pancreatic weight produced by repeated injections of cholecystokinin was accompanied by proportional increase in functional capacity as reflected by the increased maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to cholecystokinin, and 2) repeated administration of secretin decreased the sensitivity of the pancreas to secretin without altering maximal bicarbonate response.	Bicarbonates	393-404	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	89-104
623290-9	1978	Secretin-induced bile had a high total concentration of electrolyte (mean concentration 367 meq/liter) rich in chloride and bicarbonate and was hypertonic.	Bicarbonates	124-135	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
625674-5	1978	Secretin induced pancreatic secretion was rich in bicarbonate and poor in total protein.	Bicarbonates	50-61	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
625674-6	1978	Cholecystokinin induced pancreatic secretion contained less bicarbonate and more protein than secretin induced secretion.	Bicarbonates	60-71	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-15
632156-0	1978	Regulation of CSF[HCO3-] during long-term hypoxic hypocapnia in man.	Bicarbonates	18-22	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
356498-5	1978	Pancreatic bicarbonate and enzyme secretions are stimulated by secretin and CCK-PZ, especially in combination.	Bicarbonates	11-22	secretin	Homo sapiens	63-71
356498-5	1978	Pancreatic bicarbonate and enzyme secretions are stimulated by secretin and CCK-PZ, especially in combination.	Bicarbonates	11-22	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	76-79
648803-4	1978	In chronic pancreatitis, secretin releasing response to acidification was markedly impaired, in addition, inhibition of secretin release by bicarbonate was diminished due to a lack of bicarbonate flow from the pancreas.	Bicarbonates	140-151	secretin	Homo sapiens	120-128
29457-0	1978	Interaction between PCO2 and plasma [HCO-3] in regulation of CSF [HCO-3] in respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	37-42	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
29457-0	1978	Interaction between PCO2 and plasma [HCO-3] in regulation of CSF [HCO-3] in respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	66-71	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
679962-6	1978	Pancreatic secretion induced by secretin and during HCl instillation was rich in bicarbonate and poor in total protein.	Bicarbonates	81-92	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	32-40
748090-1	1978	When secretin was given by continuous intravenous infusion in the control subjects, the dose of secretin inducing maximal bicarbonate output was found to be around 6.0 CHR U/kg/hr.	Bicarbonates	122-133	secretin	Homo sapiens	5-13
748090-1	1978	When secretin was given by continuous intravenous infusion in the control subjects, the dose of secretin inducing maximal bicarbonate output was found to be around 6.0 CHR U/kg/hr.	Bicarbonates	122-133	secretin	Homo sapiens	96-104
725515-3	1978	Secretin (0.6 microgram per kg/h) was found to abolish the net absorption of water, Na+, and HCO3- and strongly reduce the net absorption of K+ and Cl-, whereas neither glucagon (1--20 microgram per kg/h) nor GIP (1--30 microgram per kg/h) was found to significantly influence the concentrating function of the gallbladder.	Bicarbonates	93-97	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
640582-5	1978	Somatostatin caused a significant reduction in protein and amylase output and in the bicarbonate concentration during stimulation with pancreozymin-secretin.	Bicarbonates	85-96	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
675146-4	1978	PP was measured by radioimmunoassay pancreatic secretion by determinating volume, bicarbonate, protein, and enzyme in duodenal contents and pancreatic juice.	Bicarbonates	82-93	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	0-2
675146-8	1978	Exocrine pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein was inhibited by somatostatin as well as atropin.	Bicarbonates	33-44	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	74-86
410811-4	1977	Also, when bicarbonate was added to a solution of the iron-transferrin-EDTA complex (A515 = 0.45), within 2 min, the visible absorbance had decreased to A515 = 0.13.	Bicarbonates	11-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
675156-2	1978	The flow rate, bicarbonate output, and amylase output in response to secretin was larger during duodenal aspiration than when collecting during endoscopic cannulation.	Bicarbonates	15-26	secretin	Homo sapiens	69-77
23429-0	1977	The role of bicarbonate, chloride and sodium ions in the regulation of intracellular pH in snail neurones.	Bicarbonates	12-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-87
908483-3	1977	The duct cells responded to increasing doses of secretin by producing more juice with increasing outputs of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride.	Bicarbonates	108-119	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	48-56
23429-3	1977	Reducing the external HCO(3) (-) concentration greatly inhibited the rate of pH(i) recovery from HCl injection.3.	Bicarbonates	22-28	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	77-82
908483-4	1977	Bicarbonate concentration increased with the lowest dose of secretin up to values of 64 mEq per liter and did not further increase with higher doses of secretin and increasing secretory rates.	Bicarbonates	0-11	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	60-68
411105-2	1977	Stable serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations were produced, along with prompt falls in glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glucagon levels, and a steadily increasing bicarbonate level.	Bicarbonates	171-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
412926-3	1977	Bicarbonate in NaF-free solutions caused small increases of calcium and phosphate uptake.	Bicarbonates	0-11	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	15-18
412926-4	1977	Bicarbonate with NaF in solutions synergistically increased calcium uptake, but did not affect phosphate uptake.	Bicarbonates	0-11	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	17-20
930532-5	1977	These results are compatible with the concept that endogenous acid being delivered from the stomach to the duodenum does contribute to the release of secretin which in turn may serve as a physiological stimulus for pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	226-237	secretin	Homo sapiens	150-158
918855-3	1977	OP-CCK increased volume and the outputs of bicarbonate and protein from the pancreas.	Bicarbonates	43-54	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	3-6
893680-2	1977	A fact that has not been considered in previous studies dealing with urinary P(CO2) is that dissolution of HCO(3) in water results in elevation of P(CO2) which is directly proportional to the HCO(3) concentration.	Bicarbonates	107-113	complement C2	Homo sapiens	77-82
196974-2	1977	Intravenous injection of 0.25 mg of ACTH during a prolonged intravenous infusion of secretin (0.5 clinical units per kg-hr) plus cholecystokinin (0.5 Ivy dog units per kg-hr) significantly reduced protein and lipase (both concentration and output) without affecting volume and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	277-288	proopiomelanocortin	Canis lupus familiaris	36-40
893680-9	1977	In rats, dogs, and man, U-B P(CO2) was directly related to urine HCO(3) concentration and inversely related to fractional water excretion.	Bicarbonates	65-71	complement C2	Homo sapiens	24-33
893680-2	1977	A fact that has not been considered in previous studies dealing with urinary P(CO2) is that dissolution of HCO(3) in water results in elevation of P(CO2) which is directly proportional to the HCO(3) concentration.	Bicarbonates	107-113	complement C2	Homo sapiens	147-152
893680-11	1977	The observed urinary P(CO2) was very close to the P(CO2) which would be expected by simple dissolution of a comparable amount of HCO(3) in water.	Bicarbonates	129-135	complement C2	Homo sapiens	21-26
893680-2	1977	A fact that has not been considered in previous studies dealing with urinary P(CO2) is that dissolution of HCO(3) in water results in elevation of P(CO2) which is directly proportional to the HCO(3) concentration.	Bicarbonates	192-198	complement C2	Homo sapiens	77-82
893680-11	1977	The observed urinary P(CO2) was very close to the P(CO2) which would be expected by simple dissolution of a comparable amount of HCO(3) in water.	Bicarbonates	129-135	complement C2	Homo sapiens	50-55
893680-2	1977	A fact that has not been considered in previous studies dealing with urinary P(CO2) is that dissolution of HCO(3) in water results in elevation of P(CO2) which is directly proportional to the HCO(3) concentration.	Bicarbonates	192-198	complement C2	Homo sapiens	147-152
893680-12	1977	These data demonstrate that, in highly alkaline urine, urinary P(CO2) is largely determined by concentration of urinary HCO(3) and cannot be used as solely indicating distal H(+) secretion.	Bicarbonates	120-126	complement C2	Homo sapiens	63-68
879321-4	1977	During perfusion with low bicarbonate-high chloride fluids at pH 7.4, the PTH-induced changes in fluid absorption were eliminated but no change occurred in phosphate transport.	Bicarbonates	26-37	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	74-77
892342-6	1977	For detection of pancreatic cancer, enzyme and bicarbonate outputs in response to CCK are more accurate than pancreatic CEA or bicarbonate outputs in response to secretin.	Bicarbonates	47-58	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	82-85
18021-1	1977	The role of secretin in the postprandial bicarbonate response by the pancreas is not clear.	Bicarbonates	41-52	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	12-20
19087-8	1977	The rate of iron exchange from the oxalate - iron - transferrin complex was much lower than from bicarbonate - iron - transferrin.	Bicarbonates	97-108	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
19087-8	1977	The rate of iron exchange from the oxalate - iron - transferrin complex was much lower than from bicarbonate - iron - transferrin.	Bicarbonates	97-108	transferrin	Homo sapiens	118-129
17740-12	1977	Changing external pH, either by alteration of the bicarbonate or CO2 level of the Ringer solution, caused pHi to change by a mean 38-7% of the external pH change.	Bicarbonates	50-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	106-109
17563-5	1977	It is suggested that plasma motilin levels are decreased by secretin-induced pancreatic bicarbonate juice flow.	Bicarbonates	88-99	motilin	Homo sapiens	28-35
17563-5	1977	It is suggested that plasma motilin levels are decreased by secretin-induced pancreatic bicarbonate juice flow.	Bicarbonates	88-99	secretin	Homo sapiens	60-68
18021-8	1977	Maximal pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in response to exogenous secretin was augmented 30% by the addition of a liver extract meal at pH7.	Bicarbonates	19-30	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	66-74
18021-10	1977	The normal pancreatic bicarbonate response to food may depend partially upon potentiation of the secretin effect by other neurohumoral stimuli.	Bicarbonates	22-33	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	97-105
17740-13	1977	The change in pHi was accomplished about 10 times more rapidly, and in the same direction, by altering CO2 than by altering the bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	128-139	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	14-17
17740-18	1977	The size of the pHi changes occurring on alteration of the CO2 level at both constant external pH and constant external bicarbonate, and on removal of external NH3 and NH+4, suggests a non-CO2 buffering power of 45m-equiv H+ ions/pH unit per litre and a constant-CO2 buffering power of 58 m-equiv H+ ions/pH unit per litre.	Bicarbonates	120-131	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	16-19
16862-7	1977	CSF HCO3-increased 5.8 meq/l in the saline-injected animals, but it increased only about 2 meq/l and equaled plasma HCO3- rise in the other three groups.	Bicarbonates	4-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
850143-0	1977	Effect of acetazolamide and parathyroid hormone on HCO3 and PO4 excretion.	Bicarbonates	51-55	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	28-47
870073-3	1977	Most of the anions which can substitute for HCO-3 in the ternary complex of transferrin - Fe - HCO3 do not facilitate iron transfer; anions which do facilitate iron transfer do not necessarily form stable ternary complexes.	Bicarbonates	44-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	76-87
16862-0	1977	H+ transport from CNS in hypercapnia and regulation of CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	60-64	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	55-58
16862-1	1977	CSF HCO3- increases more than plasma HCO3- in hypercapnia, and there are at least two sources for the CSF HCO3- increase--one derived from the simultaneous increase in plasma HCO3-, and the other, HCO3-formed from hydration of CO2 in the choroid plexus and glia and susceptible to inhibition by acetazolamide (J. Appl.	Bicarbonates	4-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
16659894-2	1977	The rates of the enzyme reactions, using substrate amounts of HCO(3) (-), CO(2) or CO(2) plus carbonic anhydrase, show that HCO(3) (-) is the active species of "CO(2)" utilized by PEP carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	62-70	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	180-195
16659894-2	1977	The rates of the enzyme reactions, using substrate amounts of HCO(3) (-), CO(2) or CO(2) plus carbonic anhydrase, show that HCO(3) (-) is the active species of "CO(2)" utilized by PEP carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	62-72	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	180-195
16659894-3	1977	The K(m) values for CO(2) and HCO(3) (-) are 1.25 mm and 0.11 mm, respectively, which further suggest the preferential utilization of HCO(3) (-) by PEP carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	30-36	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	148-163
16659894-3	1977	The K(m) values for CO(2) and HCO(3) (-) are 1.25 mm and 0.11 mm, respectively, which further suggest the preferential utilization of HCO(3) (-) by PEP carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	134-140	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	148-163
850143-2	1977	Based on this in vitro study, it was suggested that PTH depresses proximal reabsorption of phosphate and bicarbonate reabsorption in vivo by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.	Bicarbonates	105-116	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	52-55
850143-6	1977	Addition of acetazolamide to animals receiving PTH or addition of PTH to animals receiving acetazolamide resulted in additional increases in bicarbonate and phosphate excretion.	Bicarbonates	141-152	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
850143-7	1977	These data demonstrate that PTH induces bicarbonate and phosphate excretion regardless of whether carbonic anhydrase is intact or nearly 100% inhibited by acetazolamide.	Bicarbonates	40-51	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	28-31
852751-0	1977	Plasma secretin and pancreatic bicarbonate response to exogenous secretin in man.	Bicarbonates	31-42	secretin	Homo sapiens	65-73
852751-1	1977	The dose response of duodenal bicarbonate production during synthetic porcine secretin infusions was studied in six healthy volunteers and related to plasma secretin immunoreactivity.	Bicarbonates	30-41	secretin	Homo sapiens	78-86
852751-4	1977	The secretin plasma level for half maximal bicarbonate response was estimated to be 22 pmol/l.	Bicarbonates	43-54	secretin	Homo sapiens	4-12
842623-1	1977	This study was designed to compare pancreatic bicarbonate responses to secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) administered either by peripheral or portal route in 24 anesthetized cats.	Bicarbonates	46-57	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	84-113
842623-1	1977	This study was designed to compare pancreatic bicarbonate responses to secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) administered either by peripheral or portal route in 24 anesthetized cats.	Bicarbonates	46-57	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	115-118
842623-3	1977	VIP infused in graded doses (range from 0.60 to 9.62 nmol/kg per h) into the peripheral vein produced pancreatic volume flow and bicarbonate outputs not statistically different from those obtained with secretin.	Bicarbonates	129-140	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	0-3
842623-5	1977	This study provides evidence that VIP in the cat is a secretin-like full agonist of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and that it is only partially inactivated by the liver.	Bicarbonates	95-106	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	34-37
899920-0	1977	Parathyroid hormone-induced inhibition of bicarbonate-dependent fluid absorption in the proximal renal tubule of the rabbit.	Bicarbonates	42-53	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-19
830596-3	1977	During GIP infusion, net water Na, K, and HCO3 absorption was significantly reduced and chloride flux was switched from absorption to secretion when compared to pre- and post-GIP control periods (p less than 0.001).	Bicarbonates	42-46	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	7-10
845824-0	1977	Differentiation between the calcium-dependent effects of cholecystokinin-pancreaozymin and the bicarbonate-dependent effects of secretin in exocrine secretion of the rat pancreas.	Bicarbonates	95-106	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	128-136
192137-14	1977	Under the influence of secretin, and to a lesser degree other intestinal hormones, the ducts or ductules can secrete additional fluid in which HCO3- is concentrated with respect to plasma.	Bicarbonates	143-147	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	23-31
866988-6	1977	On the basis of the flow rate of pancreatic juice and the pancreatic bicarbonate output, secretin during instillation of HC1 was estimated to be 0.3 clinical unit kg-1 h-1.	Bicarbonates	69-80	secretin	Sus scrofa	89-97
12496-3	1976	It is concluded, that parathyroid hormone and cyclic AMP produce urinary bicarbonate excretion by a mechanism independent of carbonic anhydrase inhibition.	Bicarbonates	73-84	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	22-41
999893-4	1976	In all cases where bicarbonate is the anion the transferrin molecules undergo changes in Stokes" radius and sedimentation coefficient of the same order of magnitude, but of opposite sign.	Bicarbonates	19-30	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
999893-12	1976	Human transferrin with oxalate as the anion shows a greater change for the first atom bound than for the second which is consistent with the increased size of the oxalate ion compared with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	189-200	transferrin	Homo sapiens	6-17
992278-1	1976	The secretion of bicarbonate into the duodenum in response to stepwise increasing doses of secretin (0.078, 0.23, 0.7, and 2.1 U/kg-hr) was investigated in 11 duodenal ulcer patients before and about 1 1/2 years after proximal gastric vagotomy.	Bicarbonates	17-28	secretin	Homo sapiens	91-99
992278-2	1976	After the vagotomy the mean output of bicarbonate in response to the two lowest doses of secretin increased from 2.2 to 3.7 mmoles per 30 min im response to 0.078 U/kg-hr and from 6.6 to 9.8 mmoles per 30 min in response to 0.23 U/kg-hr.	Bicarbonates	38-49	secretin	Homo sapiens	89-97
992278-3	1976	On the other hand, the output of bicarbonate in response to the highest dose of secretin decreased from 20.3 mmoles per 30 min before to 16.5 mmoles per 30 min after the vagotomy.	Bicarbonates	33-44	secretin	Homo sapiens	80-88
992278-6	1976	Thus, increased sensitivity of the bicarbonate-producing cells to low doses of secretin and decreased bicarbonate secretory capacity of the pancreas after proximal gastric vagotomy were found.	Bicarbonates	35-46	secretin	Homo sapiens	79-87
14366-0	1976	The CSF HCO3 increase in hypercapnia relationshp to HCO3, glutamate, glutamine and NH3 in brain.	Bicarbonates	8-12	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
14366-0	1976	The CSF HCO3 increase in hypercapnia relationshp to HCO3, glutamate, glutamine and NH3 in brain.	Bicarbonates	52-56	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
14366-1	1976	To study the role of carbonic anhydrase in the CSF [HCO3] increase in respiratory acidosis and its effect on brain ammonia, anesthetized rats were subjected to hypercapnia (7% CO2) for 2 hours.	Bicarbonates	52-56	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
14366-3	1976	HC1 infusion, CSF [HCO3] increased 8.5 mM/L after 2 hours of hypercapnia (delta PCO2 40) in the rats with intraventricular "mock" CSF injections, and only 6 mM/L in the animals with acetazolamide injections.	Bicarbonates	19-23	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
11826-17	1976	The relative binding of iron by ovotranferrin and human transferrin was affected little when bicarbonate anion was replaced by oxalate, although the ratio of the two binding constants for ovotranferrin increased.	Bicarbonates	93-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	56-67
1000336-9	1976	Operated animals fed the same diet showed an increased rate of bone resorption attributed to an assumed higher rate of parathyroid hormone secretion induced by bicarbonate feeding.	Bicarbonates	160-171	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	119-138
1018297-0	1976	The determination of plasma bicarbonate levels as an aid in the treatment of canine biliary fever.	Bicarbonates	28-39	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	53-56
14366-4	1976	CSF [HCO3-] increased 7 mM/L during hypercapnia and HCl infusion with intraventricular "mock" CSF injections, but only 2 mM/L with acetazolamide injections.	Bicarbonates	5-9	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
14366-4	1976	CSF [HCO3-] increased 7 mM/L during hypercapnia and HCl infusion with intraventricular "mock" CSF injections, but only 2 mM/L with acetazolamide injections.	Bicarbonates	5-9	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
14366-8	1976	It is concluded that there are at least two sources for the CSF [HCO3-] increase in hypercapnia; one formed in the CNS and dependent on carbonic anhydrase, and the other derived from plasma [HCO3-] increase.	Bicarbonates	65-69	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
14366-8	1976	It is concluded that there are at least two sources for the CSF [HCO3-] increase in hypercapnia; one formed in the CNS and dependent on carbonic anhydrase, and the other derived from plasma [HCO3-] increase.	Bicarbonates	191-195	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
994375-1	1976	Renal bicarbonate reabsorption (expressed per unit of glomerular filtration rate, GFR) has been reported to be diminished in uremic man and uremic rats.	Bicarbonates	6-17	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5	Homo sapiens	82-85
65979-0	1976	Mechanisms of CSF bicarbonate formation in normocapnia.	Bicarbonates	18-29	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
184219-0	1976	Cyclic AMP and bicarbonate responses of the dog pancreas to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretion.	Bicarbonates	15-26	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	91-94
184219-10	1976	observed maximal bicarbonate response to VIP (100 +/- 49 muEq./5 min.)	Bicarbonates	17-28	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	41-44
1003728-0	1976	Influence of bicarbonate on parathyroid hormone-induced changes in fluid absorption by the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	13-24	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	28-47
821944-1	1976	The inhibition by specific antibody of carbonic anhydrase B activity towards bicarbonate was uncompetitive (Ki 9.5 X 10(-7) M) whereas that of activity towards p-nitrophenylacetate was mixed-type (Ki 9.2 X 10(-7) M).	Bicarbonates	77-88	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	39-59
184219-14	1976	The results presented confirm previous reports that VIP is a secretin-like partial agonist of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and are compatible with the hypothesis that both secretin and VIP elicit canine pancreatic bicarbonate secretion via the second messenger system of cyclic AMP.	Bicarbonates	105-116	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	52-55
184219-14	1976	The results presented confirm previous reports that VIP is a secretin-like partial agonist of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and are compatible with the hypothesis that both secretin and VIP elicit canine pancreatic bicarbonate secretion via the second messenger system of cyclic AMP.	Bicarbonates	105-116	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	176-184
184219-14	1976	The results presented confirm previous reports that VIP is a secretin-like partial agonist of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and are compatible with the hypothesis that both secretin and VIP elicit canine pancreatic bicarbonate secretion via the second messenger system of cyclic AMP.	Bicarbonates	218-229	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	52-55
184219-14	1976	The results presented confirm previous reports that VIP is a secretin-like partial agonist of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and are compatible with the hypothesis that both secretin and VIP elicit canine pancreatic bicarbonate secretion via the second messenger system of cyclic AMP.	Bicarbonates	218-229	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	176-184
184219-14	1976	The results presented confirm previous reports that VIP is a secretin-like partial agonist of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and are compatible with the hypothesis that both secretin and VIP elicit canine pancreatic bicarbonate secretion via the second messenger system of cyclic AMP.	Bicarbonates	218-229	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	189-192
956369-0	1976	A micropuncture study of the effect of parathyroid hormone on renal bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	68-79	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	39-58
8997-2	1976	The relationship of CSF [HCO3-] to arterial [HCO3-] in metabolic acid-base disturbances is displaced is an upward direction and has a significantly increased slope in K-depleted vs. control rats (0.51 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.02).	Bicarbonates	25-29	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
8997-2	1976	The relationship of CSF [HCO3-] to arterial [HCO3-] in metabolic acid-base disturbances is displaced is an upward direction and has a significantly increased slope in K-depleted vs. control rats (0.51 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.02).	Bicarbonates	45-49	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
8997-5	1976	When CSF [HCO3-] is shown as a function of CSF PCO2 the data of K-depleted rats are no longer displaced when compared to controls but still have a significantly greater slope (1.21 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.08).	Bicarbonates	10-14	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
8997-5	1976	When CSF [HCO3-] is shown as a function of CSF PCO2 the data of K-depleted rats are no longer displaced when compared to controls but still have a significantly greater slope (1.21 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.08).	Bicarbonates	10-14	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
8997-6	1976	This increased slope is interpreted to reflect enhanced HCO3- movement from blood to CSF at high arterial [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	56-60	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
8997-6	1976	This increased slope is interpreted to reflect enhanced HCO3- movement from blood to CSF at high arterial [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	107-111	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
8997-7	1976	Analysis of our data and observations from the literature in conditions of mixed acid-base disturbances suggest that CSF [HCO3-] is determined by a) CSF PCO2 and b) the level of arterial [HCO3-] when the latter is greater than the normal CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	122-126	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
8997-7	1976	Analysis of our data and observations from the literature in conditions of mixed acid-base disturbances suggest that CSF [HCO3-] is determined by a) CSF PCO2 and b) the level of arterial [HCO3-] when the latter is greater than the normal CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	122-126	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8997-7	1976	Analysis of our data and observations from the literature in conditions of mixed acid-base disturbances suggest that CSF [HCO3-] is determined by a) CSF PCO2 and b) the level of arterial [HCO3-] when the latter is greater than the normal CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	122-126	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8997-7	1976	Analysis of our data and observations from the literature in conditions of mixed acid-base disturbances suggest that CSF [HCO3-] is determined by a) CSF PCO2 and b) the level of arterial [HCO3-] when the latter is greater than the normal CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	188-192	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
8997-7	1976	Analysis of our data and observations from the literature in conditions of mixed acid-base disturbances suggest that CSF [HCO3-] is determined by a) CSF PCO2 and b) the level of arterial [HCO3-] when the latter is greater than the normal CSF [HCO3-].	Bicarbonates	188-192	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
986638-2	1976	Dose-response analysis showed that maximal bicarbonate response to motilin was about 5% of that to secretin and maximal protein response was about 35% of that to caerulein.	Bicarbonates	43-54	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	67-74
986638-3	1976	The interaction of these two peptides showed that motilin is a potent inhibitor of secretin-induced bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	100-111	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	50-57
986638-4	1976	Since motilin is released by duodenal alkalinization and inhibits pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, it is possible that this peptide is involved in the feedback mechanism of inhibition of pancreatic secretion by alkaline pancreatic juice present in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	77-88	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	6-13
181985-1	1976	Five patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism were compared to normal subjects and patients with hypoparathyroidism in their ability to respond to the infusion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by altering excretion of calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphate and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	254-265	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	161-180
1278646-3	1976	Inhibition of acid secretion in normals was approximately the same as in 2 patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency who could secrete only small amounts of pancreatic bicarbonate in response to secretin.	Bicarbonates	174-185	secretin	Homo sapiens	201-209
961870-4	1976	Insulin caused marked increases in bile flow, chloride output, and biliary clearance of erythritol and small increases in bicarbonate output and bile salt output.	Bicarbonates	122-133	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
11850-2	1976	We observed: 1) an early and important respiratory compensation possibly owing to a simultaneous contraction of CSF volume, thus increasing bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	140-151	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
950524-1	1976	Short-term incubation of human placental tissue in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffered media with various concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ showed a graded response in human placental lactogen (HPL) release at different Ca2+ concentrations, but no effect at increased K+ concentration.	Bicarbonates	64-75	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	162-186
1276208-16	1976	In contrast, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, which stimulates pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion, showed a competitive inhibition of secretin binding to the plasma membrane preparation.	Bicarbonates	86-97	secretin	Homo sapiens	144-152
955498-2	1976	A combination of 0-5 CU/kg-h secretin and 75 ng/kg-h caerulein provided maximal or near-maximal stimulation of the secretion of both bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes.	Bicarbonates	133-144	secretin	Homo sapiens	29-37
950524-1	1976	Short-term incubation of human placental tissue in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffered media with various concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ showed a graded response in human placental lactogen (HPL) release at different Ca2+ concentrations, but no effect at increased K+ concentration.	Bicarbonates	64-75	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
4614-13	1976	Injection of HCO3- caused a rise in pHi very similar to that seen on removal of external CO2.	Bicarbonates	13-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	36-39
940283-0	1976	Acute effects of parathyroid hormone on proximal bicarbonate transport in the dog.	Bicarbonates	49-60	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	17-36
940283-1	1976	Re-collection micropuncture and simultaneous clearance studies were performed in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) dogs to evaluate the effects of the acute administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	203-214	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	174-193
6420-4	1976	In anesthetized dogs with an increase in Paco2 of 30 mmHg for 4 h the plasma HCO3 increased 2 meq/1 and CSF 6 meq/1.	Bicarbonates	77-81	colony stimulating factor 1	Canis lupus familiaris	104-115
7012-1	1976	In respiratory alkalosis the fall in CSF bicarbonate is in part due to increased CSF lactate.	Bicarbonates	41-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	37-40
7012-1	1976	In respiratory alkalosis the fall in CSF bicarbonate is in part due to increased CSF lactate.	Bicarbonates	41-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	81-84
7012-2	1976	The rest of CSF HCO3 fall may be actively regulated or as more recent evidence suggests is dependent on plasma HCO3 fall.	Bicarbonates	16-20	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	12-15
7012-2	1976	The rest of CSF HCO3 fall may be actively regulated or as more recent evidence suggests is dependent on plasma HCO3 fall.	Bicarbonates	111-115	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	12-15
7012-3	1976	Therefore, the relationship between plasma and CSF HCO3 changes was studied during 4 hours of respiratory alkalosis (PaCO2=20 mm Hg) in anesthetized dogs when plasma HCO3: (1) fell normally, (2) kept "normal" by NaHCO3 infusion, (3) increased by infusing more NaHCO3, and (4) reduced by infusing HCl.	Bicarbonates	51-55	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	47-50
7012-4	1976	In respiratory alkalosis plasma and CSF HCO3 fell 4.6 and 3.8 mEQ/L, respectively.	Bicarbonates	40-44	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	36-39
7012-8	1976	Therefore CSF HCO3 fall in hypocapnia is primarily and critically dependent on the simultaneous fall in plasma HCO3 content, with a minimal contribution from CNS lactate increase.	Bicarbonates	14-18	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	10-13
7012-8	1976	Therefore CSF HCO3 fall in hypocapnia is primarily and critically dependent on the simultaneous fall in plasma HCO3 content, with a minimal contribution from CNS lactate increase.	Bicarbonates	111-115	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	10-13
7012-9	1976	When CSF PH has returned to normal, however, CSF HCO3 fall is stopped despite further falls in plasma HCO3.	Bicarbonates	49-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	5-8
7012-9	1976	When CSF PH has returned to normal, however, CSF HCO3 fall is stopped despite further falls in plasma HCO3.	Bicarbonates	49-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	45-48
7012-9	1976	When CSF PH has returned to normal, however, CSF HCO3 fall is stopped despite further falls in plasma HCO3.	Bicarbonates	102-106	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	45-48
940062-7	1976	Peak renin release was more prolonged and returned more slowly to control following reductions in osmolality in phosphate-Ringer than in bicarbonate-Ringer.	Bicarbonates	137-148	renin	Rattus norvegicus	5-10
176080-0	1976	Bicarbonate and cyclic AMP content of pure human pancreatic juice in response to graded doses of synthetic secretin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	secretin	Homo sapiens	107-115
4614-15	1976	The pHi responses to CO2 application, CO2 removal and HCO3- injection were slowed by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	4-7
4614-19	1976	Calculation of the internal buffer value from the pHi responses to H+ and HCO3- injection gave very similar values.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	50-53
4614-24	1976	It was concluded that the internal HCO3- was determined primarily by the CO2 level and pHi, that internal HCO3- made a large contribution to the buffering power, and that after internal acidfication pHi was restored to normal by active transport of H+, OH- or HCO3- across the cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	35-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	87-90
813299-1	1976	The hydration rate of CO2 catalyzed by human red cell carbonic anhydrase B is 92 percent reduced by the normal concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate in red cells.	Bicarbonates	142-153	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	54-74
1248128-2	1976	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the reaction of HCO3- with phosphoenolypyruvate to give oxalacetate.	Bicarbonates	58-62	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-31
1248474-2	1976	The magnesium complex of this derivative (Mg-oATP2) was shown to ba linear competitive inhibitor with respect to MgATP2-in both the acetyl-CoA-dependent and -independent activities of the enzyme but was a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to bicarbonate, and an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate.	Bicarbonates	247-258	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	45-50
1255530-7	1976	It is condluded that VIP in cats is a secretin-like full agonist, whereas in dogs it is a partial agonist of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	120-131	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	21-24
5765-0	1976	Dependence of CSF on plasma bicarbonate during hypocapnia and hypoxemic hypocapnia.	Bicarbonates	28-39	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
5765-1	1976	We have previoulsy shown pH compensation to be similar in CSF and arterial blood during chronic hypoxemic hypocapnia in man and pony, and postulated that the compensatory reduction in CSF [HCO3] was dependent upon corresponding changes in [HCO3]a.	Bicarbonates	189-193	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	184-187
5765-1	1976	We have previoulsy shown pH compensation to be similar in CSF and arterial blood during chronic hypoxemic hypocapnia in man and pony, and postulated that the compensatory reduction in CSF [HCO3] was dependent upon corresponding changes in [HCO3]a.	Bicarbonates	240-244	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	184-187
2502-0	1976	The catalytic mechanism of human carbonic anhydrase C: inhibition of CO2 hydration and ester hydrolysis by HCO-3.	Bicarbonates	107-112	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	33-53
1255530-6	1976	In dogs, VIP was shown previously to be a much less effective stimulant of pancreatic secretion than secretin and the maximal observed bicarbonate output in response to VIP was only about 17% of that to secretin (Konturek, Thor, Dembinski &amp; Krol, 1975).	Bicarbonates	135-146	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	169-172
1255530-14	1976	The combination of graded doses of VIP or secretin with a background dose of caerulein resulted in significantly higher bicarbonate and protein outputs than those induced by VIP or secretin alone.	Bicarbonates	120-131	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	35-38
5765-4	1976	In hypocapnia and hypoxemic hypocapnia, the decrease in [HCO3] and % pH compensation in CSF were less than or equal to that in arterial blood.	Bicarbonates	57-61	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	88-91
5765-5	1976	Most (51-89%) of the compensatory decrease in CSF [HCO3] was prevented by preventing the corresponding reduction in [HCO3]a.	Bicarbonates	51-55	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	46-49
1255530-14	1976	The combination of graded doses of VIP or secretin with a background dose of caerulein resulted in significantly higher bicarbonate and protein outputs than those induced by VIP or secretin alone.	Bicarbonates	120-131	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	42-50
5765-5	1976	Most (51-89%) of the compensatory decrease in CSF [HCO3] was prevented by preventing the corresponding reduction in [HCO3]a.	Bicarbonates	117-121	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	46-49
10621-5	1976	After the 3 weeks of gastric hypersecretion the pancreatic bicarbonate response to exogenous secretin was unchanged, while the bicarbonate response to duodenal acidification was decreased from 2.03 mEq/30 min to 1.27 mEq/30 min (p less than 0.05), compatible with an impaired secretin release.	Bicarbonates	59-70	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	93-101
5765-6	1976	This dependence of changes in CSF on plasma [HCO3] required a concurrent decrease in CSF PCO2, but was largely independent of variations in plasma pH.	Bicarbonates	45-49	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	30-33
5765-6	1976	This dependence of changes in CSF on plasma [HCO3] required a concurrent decrease in CSF PCO2, but was largely independent of variations in plasma pH.	Bicarbonates	45-49	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
5765-7	1976	A minor but significant portion of the decrease in CSF [HCO3] was achieved independently of corresponding changes in [HCO3]a.	Bicarbonates	56-60	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
5765-7	1976	A minor but significant portion of the decrease in CSF [HCO3] was achieved independently of corresponding changes in [HCO3]a.	Bicarbonates	118-122	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
5765-8	1976	The contribution of this local mechanism to CSF [HCO3] regulation increased with increasing severity of hypocapnia or hypoxemia and was usually associated with a selective increase in CSF lactate.	Bicarbonates	49-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	44-47
5765-8	1976	The contribution of this local mechanism to CSF [HCO3] regulation increased with increasing severity of hypocapnia or hypoxemia and was usually associated with a selective increase in CSF lactate.	Bicarbonates	49-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	184-187
5765-9	1976	It was concluded that [HCO3] regulation in the CSF during hypoxemic hypocapnia was primarily dependent upon, and therefore limited by, the concomitant decrease in plasma [HCO3].	Bicarbonates	23-27	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-50
5765-9	1976	It was concluded that [HCO3] regulation in the CSF during hypoxemic hypocapnia was primarily dependent upon, and therefore limited by, the concomitant decrease in plasma [HCO3].	Bicarbonates	171-175	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-50
939224-0	1976	Apparent co-operative effect of hydrogen carbonate (HCO-3) on pigeon kidney pyruvate carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	32-50	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	76-96
939224-0	1976	Apparent co-operative effect of hydrogen carbonate (HCO-3) on pigeon kidney pyruvate carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	52-57	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	76-96
939224-1	1976	Kinetic methods have been used to determine the interrelationship between HCO-3, pyruvate and acetyl-CoA and their effect on pigeon kidney pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate: CO2 ligase [ADP], EC 6.4.1.1).	Bicarbonates	74-79	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	139-159
64158-0	1976	CSF bicarbonate regulation in hypercapnia and its relationship to brain ammonia and amino acids.	Bicarbonates	4-15	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
792984-1	1976	13-norleucine motilin (13-nle-motilin), a synthetic analogue of motilin, infused intravenously in graded doses (range: 1.5 to 100 mug/kg-h) produced a dose-dependent increase in basal gastric acid and pepsin secretion and in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion in conscious dogs provided with gastric and pancreatic fistula and Heidenhain pouches.	Bicarbonates	236-247	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	14-21
792984-1	1976	13-norleucine motilin (13-nle-motilin), a synthetic analogue of motilin, infused intravenously in graded doses (range: 1.5 to 100 mug/kg-h) produced a dose-dependent increase in basal gastric acid and pepsin secretion and in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion in conscious dogs provided with gastric and pancreatic fistula and Heidenhain pouches.	Bicarbonates	236-247	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	30-37
792984-1	1976	13-norleucine motilin (13-nle-motilin), a synthetic analogue of motilin, infused intravenously in graded doses (range: 1.5 to 100 mug/kg-h) produced a dose-dependent increase in basal gastric acid and pepsin secretion and in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion in conscious dogs provided with gastric and pancreatic fistula and Heidenhain pouches.	Bicarbonates	236-247	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	30-37
174445-3	1975	Secretin increased the bicarbonate concentration in hepatic bile whereas glucagon did not, suggesting basic differences in mechanism of action.	Bicarbonates	23-34	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
174445-4	1975	Administration of glucagon to secretin-stimulated bile flow produced an increase in bile flow while decreasing the bicarbonate concentration in secretin-stimulated bile.	Bicarbonates	115-126	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	30-38
174445-4	1975	Administration of glucagon to secretin-stimulated bile flow produced an increase in bile flow while decreasing the bicarbonate concentration in secretin-stimulated bile.	Bicarbonates	115-126	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	144-152
1249-3	1975	The steady-state kinetics of the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3 catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase C was studied using 1H2O and 2H2O as solvents.	Bicarbonates	60-64	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	84-104
1218823-8	1975	Bicarbonate secretion was slightly stimulated by bombesin, but at a very low level.	Bicarbonates	0-11	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	49-57
1869-3	1975	Positive correlations were found between the level of carbonic anhydrase B and arterial CO2 tension and plasma HCO3 concentration.	Bicarbonates	111-115	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	54-74
1797-0	1975	Cyclic-AMP and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in response to secretin in dogs.	Bicarbonates	26-37	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	63-71
1797-3	1975	In conscious pancreatic fistula dogs, there was also a significant correlation between cyclic-AMP and bicarbonate concentrations and outputs in the pancreatic juice after stimulation by exogenous secretin.	Bicarbonates	102-113	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	196-204
1797-4	1975	Accordingly, enhanced release of endogenous secretin achieved by intraduodenal acidification led to a dose-dependent increase in bicarbonate and cyclic-AMP outputs in both conscious and anesthetized dogs.	Bicarbonates	129-140	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	44-52
1797-5	1975	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (aminophylline, caffeine, and papaverine) given alone to the conscious dogs did not initiate pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, but they potentiated bicarbonate responses to exogenous secretin.	Bicarbonates	177-188	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	212-220
1108650-1	1975	Parathormone (PTH) excess limits renal bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	39-50	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	14-17
241383-1	1975	Vanadyl ion, VO(IV), has been used as an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin label to study the metal-binding properties of human serum transferrin in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	174-185	transferrin	Homo sapiens	143-154
1206529-30	1975	In contrast, the rat pancreas responds well to cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation, yielding a juice with plasma-like HCO-3 concentration.	Bicarbonates	116-121	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	47-63
16659259-3	1975	The range in concentration of oxaloacetic acid needed for maximum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was 5 to 10 mm, and the Km for HCO(3) (-) in the exchange of (14)CO(2) into oxaloacetic acid was 26.8 mm.Changes in the activity of PEP carboxykinase and PEP carboxylase in berries were studied at weekly intervals throughout fruit development.	Bicarbonates	140-146	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	241-258
1206529-30	1975	In contrast, the rat pancreas responds well to cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation, yielding a juice with plasma-like HCO-3 concentration.	Bicarbonates	116-121	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
1166308-1	1975	Somatostatin, a hypothalamic peptide, suppresses hydrochloric acid-stimulated release of secretin, pancreatic flow rate, and bicarbonate and protein secretion in fasted, conscious dogs.	Bicarbonates	125-136	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
173628-0	1975	Proceedings: Bicarbonate and cyclic AMP secretion in pure pancreatic juice: dose-response curves to synthetic secretin in man.	Bicarbonates	13-24	secretin	Homo sapiens	110-118
1101421-6	1975	Secretin infusion also resulted in a significant increase of flow of pancreatic juice and in both concentration and output of pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	150-161	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
1174815-4	1975	When acid was allowed to inter the duodenum by closing the gastric fistula, intravenous alcohol produced a secretin-like effect of increased pancreatic volume and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	163-174	secretin	Sus scrofa	107-115
1174815-7	1975	The subsequently sustained increase in volume and bicarbonate was possibly a secondary secretin-like response following absorption of alcohol.	Bicarbonates	50-61	secretin	Sus scrofa	87-95
1214319-0	1975	[Proceedings: Effect of parathyroid hormone on the renal excretion of sodium and bicarbonate ions].	Bicarbonates	81-92	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	24-43
1219183-3	1975	The dose-response relationship between pancreatic bicarbonate production and varying doses of synthetic secretin administered intravenously and in the form of snuff, was good.	Bicarbonates	50-61	secretin	Homo sapiens	104-112
241961-6	1975	Mean fractional excretion of bicarbonate (ChCO3-/Cin) times 100 at a plasma concentration of HCO3 below 20 mmol/liter was 5.1% in patient 1, 11.6% in patient 2, and 1.7% in patients 3-5.	Bicarbonates	29-40	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	49-52
241961-6	1975	Mean fractional excretion of bicarbonate (ChCO3-/Cin) times 100 at a plasma concentration of HCO3 below 20 mmol/liter was 5.1% in patient 1, 11.6% in patient 2, and 1.7% in patients 3-5.	Bicarbonates	93-97	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	49-52
1293-1	1975	The thresholds of the pH for citric acid (pH=4.9) were found to exceed by 1.4 pH the thresholds for HC1 (3.5) at 1.2 mmol/1 bicarbonate in the solution.	Bicarbonates	124-135	CYCS pseudogene 39	Homo sapiens	100-103
1132634-1	1975	Vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP) and secretin were compared in regard to the stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and the augmentation of pancreatic response to caerulein or a peptone meal in chronic gastric and pancreatic fistula dogs.	Bicarbonates	106-117	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	31-34
1132634-1	1975	Vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP) and secretin were compared in regard to the stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and the augmentation of pancreatic response to caerulein or a peptone meal in chronic gastric and pancreatic fistula dogs.	Bicarbonates	106-117	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	40-48
1132634-2	1975	Dose-response analysis showed that maximal bicarbonate response to VIP was about 17% of that to secretin.	Bicarbonates	43-54	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	67-70
1132634-2	1975	Dose-response analysis showed that maximal bicarbonate response to VIP was about 17% of that to secretin.	Bicarbonates	43-54	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	96-104
1132634-3	1975	Both caerulein and endogenous cholecystokinin, released by a peptone meal, clearly potentiated pancreatic bicarbonate response to VIP in a manner similar to secretin.	Bicarbonates	106-117	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	130-133
235565-4	1975	Deoxygenation reduced the HCO3- flux from 1.24 plus or minus 0.1 mum/h/8 cm2 (SEM) to 0.50 plus or minus 0.1 muM/h with glucose (2 times 10-3 M) AND FROM 1.32 PLUS OR MINUS TO 0.47 PLUS OR MINUS 0.1 MUM/h without glucose.	Bicarbonates	26-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	65-68
805076-8	1975	These data suggest that the effect exerted by insulin-saline-bicarbonate therapy on amino acid metabolism is manifested by diminished A-V plasma alanine and glutamine differences across forearm tissue.	Bicarbonates	61-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
235565-4	1975	Deoxygenation reduced the HCO3- flux from 1.24 plus or minus 0.1 mum/h/8 cm2 (SEM) to 0.50 plus or minus 0.1 muM/h with glucose (2 times 10-3 M) AND FROM 1.32 PLUS OR MINUS TO 0.47 PLUS OR MINUS 0.1 MUM/h without glucose.	Bicarbonates	26-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	199-202
236365-2	1975	Growth retardation, polyuria, nephrocalcinosis, inappropriately high urinary pH, and marked dependence of bicarbonate excretion on urinary flow were characteristic of the distal or classic form of RTA, but the urinary loss of bicarbonate at normal serum values exceeded that usually found in children or adults with this disorder.	Bicarbonates	226-237	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	197-200
237865-3	1975	Urinary bicarbonate excretion increased from 55 plus or minus 13 to 395 plus or minus 33 mueq/30 min after secretin injection.	Bicarbonates	8-19	secretin	Homo sapiens	107-115
237865-6	1975	These observations are compatible with a direct effect of secretin upon the renal tubular reabsorption of water, bicarbonate, and other ions, and could account for the transient alterations in urinary pH occurring in response to a meal.	Bicarbonates	113-124	secretin	Homo sapiens	58-66
236665-0	1975	Distribution of H+ and HCO3 minus between CSF and blood during respiratory alkalosis in dogs.	Bicarbonates	23-27	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	42-45
236665-3	1975	These values along with measurements of the CSF/plasma DC potential (E) allowed calculations of the electrochemical potential difference (mu) between CSF and blood for H+ and HCO3 minus.	Bicarbonates	175-179	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	150-153
1127111-1	1975	In a mew method for the estimation of transferrin by iron-binding capacity iron is added as the tartrate in NaCl with about 10 mM bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	130-141	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
1125276-0	1975	Mossbauer spectra of bicarbonate-free ferric-transferrin complex.	Bicarbonates	21-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	45-56
1125276-1	1975	The bicarbonate-free ferric-transferrin complex was investigated by Mossbauer Spectroscopy under anaerobic conditions.	Bicarbonates	4-15	transferrin	Homo sapiens	28-39
238931-0	1975	CSF bicarbonate regulation in respiratory acidosis and alkalosis.	Bicarbonates	4-15	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
238931-1	1975	CSF bicarbonate regulation was studied in respiratory acidosis and alkalosis of 4h duration in antsthetized dogs.	Bicarbonates	4-15	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
238931-5	1975	Acetazolamide limited the rise in CSF bicarbonate to 4.2 meg/l, and prevented the CSF bicarbonate increase associated with hyperammonemia.	Bicarbonates	38-49	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	34-37
238931-5	1975	Acetazolamide limited the rise in CSF bicarbonate to 4.2 meg/l, and prevented the CSF bicarbonate increase associated with hyperammonemia.	Bicarbonates	86-97	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	82-85
238931-6	1975	During alkalosis CSF bicarbonate fell 6.5 meg/l and CSF lactate increased almost 2 meg/l while arterial bicarbonate fell 5.7 meg/l and lactate remained unchanged.	Bicarbonates	21-32	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
238931-7	1975	Thus plasma bicarbonate changes account for some of the CSF unchanged.	Bicarbonates	12-23	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	56-59
238931-8	1975	Thus plasma bicarbonate changes account for some of the CSF bicarbonate alterations in respiratory acid-base-disturbances.	Bicarbonates	12-23	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	56-59
238931-8	1975	Thus plasma bicarbonate changes account for some of the CSF bicarbonate alterations in respiratory acid-base-disturbances.	Bicarbonates	60-71	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	56-59
238931-9	1975	In acidosis additional CSF bicarbonate is formed by the choroid plexus and glial cells on the inner and outer surfaces of the brain--a reaction catalyzed by the locally present carbonic anhydrase.	Bicarbonates	27-38	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	23-26
238931-10	1975	In alkalosis the greater fall in CSF bicarbonate than blood is due to selective brain and CSF lactic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	37-48	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	33-36
238931-10	1975	In alkalosis the greater fall in CSF bicarbonate than blood is due to selective brain and CSF lactic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	37-48	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	90-93
234500-1	1975	The spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation on dilute red cell suspensions has been modified by the use of a bicarbonate buffer containing bovine serum albumin.	Bicarbonates	136-147	albumin	Homo sapiens	173-186
234500-7	1975	The effect of albumin on the P50 value was most marked in bicarbonate buffer, and was statistically significantly greater in the presence of human or bovine albumin than in buffer alone or buffer plus PVP.	Bicarbonates	58-69	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
238344-3	1975	Proximal RTA is characterized by the loss of bicarbonate, distal RTA by a defect to establish a hydrogen ion gradient and thus to accomplish acidification of urine.	Bicarbonates	45-56	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	9-12
810189-3	1975	In non-acidotic subjects proximal bicarbonate wasting can be induced by exogenous PTH injection.	Bicarbonates	34-45	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	82-85
810189-5	1975	Calcium infusion is able to suppress both the spontaneous and the PTH-induced bicarbonate leak.	Bicarbonates	78-89	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	66-69
233968-1	1975	It has been demonstrated that parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits the proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate, and increases the urinary excretion of that ion.	Bicarbonates	102-113	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	30-49
1141203-2	1975	Initial velocity and isotope exchange studies confirmed that the over-all reaction, like that catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase purified from rat liver and chicken liver, was a nonclassical Ping Pong Bi Bi Uni Uni sequence with ATP and HCO3-binding randomly in the Bi Bi partial reaction.	Bicarbonates	236-240	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	107-127
1168364-0	1975	Secretin snuff: evaluation of the action on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and on pancreatic bicarbonate production.	Bicarbonates	109-120	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
1168364-1	1975	In an informative qualitative study 75 U (near the range of 1 U/kg) secretin given as a snuff resulted in a weak but significant stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate output in 8 volunteers studied.	Bicarbonates	155-166	secretin	Homo sapiens	68-76
238344-4	1975	In addition to these two basic forms a bicarbonate wasting state in distal RTA has been described.	Bicarbonates	39-50	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	75-78
4416767-2	1974	Bicarbonate infusion may serve in man as a new provocative test for release of parathyroid hormone.	Bicarbonates	0-11	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	79-98
4407032-0	1974	The reticulocyte-mediated release of iron and bicarbonate from transferrin: effect of metabolic inhibitors.	Bicarbonates	46-57	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
4276357-0	1974	Presence of bicarbonate stimulated ATPase in the brush border microvillus membranes of the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	12-23	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
4760038-0	1973	Maximum bicarbonate response to intravenous infusion of "GIH" secretin in man.	Bicarbonates	8-19	secretin	Homo sapiens	62-70
4815082-10	1974	The rise in secretin concentration was followed promptly by a highly significant increase in exocrine pancreatic flow rate and bicarbonate secretion, indicating biological activity of the circulating immunoreactive secretin.	Bicarbonates	127-138	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	12-20
4815082-10	1974	The rise in secretin concentration was followed promptly by a highly significant increase in exocrine pancreatic flow rate and bicarbonate secretion, indicating biological activity of the circulating immunoreactive secretin.	Bicarbonates	127-138	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	215-223
4784877-0	1973	The involvement of bicarbonate in the binding of iron by transferrin.	Bicarbonates	19-30	transferrin	Homo sapiens	57-68
4761603-3	1973	Secretin inhibited the acid response induced by pentagastrin by about 60% and simultaneously provoked a pancreatic bicarbonate output sufficient to neutralize about 60% of the gastric acid output to pentagastrin.	Bicarbonates	115-126	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
4363117-0	1973	Exchangeability of bicarbonate specifically bound to transferrin.	Bicarbonates	19-30	transferrin	Homo sapiens	53-64
4729049-9	1973	These data show that phosphate depleted dogs, which probably have physiological hypoparathyroidism, display abnormalities in both serum HCO(3) (-) and its renal handling which are similar to those seen in hyperparathyroidism, supporting the concept that the PTH-induced alterations in HCO(3) (-) homeostasis may be due to phosphate depletion.	Bicarbonates	285-291	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	258-261
4743491-9	1973	At higher rates bicarbonate and chloride concentration reached a high and low plateau, respectively, although the first five-min sample of pancreatic juice after secretin stimulation exhibited a relatively low bicarbonate and high chloride concentration compared with its voluminous flow.	Bicarbonates	210-221	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	162-170
4726859-0	1973	The significance of transferrin-bound bicarbonate in the uptake of iron by reticulocytes.	Bicarbonates	38-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	20-31
4748828-4	1973	Xenopus laevis liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase was purified 324-fold by saline-bicarbonate extraction, protamine sulphate precipitation, CM-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and gel filtration.	Bicarbonates	87-98	glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit	Rattus norvegicus	21-54
4197821-0	1973	Kinetic parameters of human carbonic anhydrase B as determined from NMR linewidths of  13 C in CO 2  and HCO 3  - .	Bicarbonates	105-110	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	28-48
4741552-0	1973	The preparation, properties, and metabolism of 14C-bicarbonate-labelled transferrin.	Bicarbonates	51-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
4719217-1	1973	Using a triple-lumen tube perfusion technique in normal human subjects secretin (2U/kg/hour intravenously) was shown to reduce the absorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the most proximal 30 cm of jejunum but it had no effect on bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	239-250	secretin	Homo sapiens	71-79
4719217-3	1973	Absorption of sodium chloride and water was stimulated rather than inhibited by higher bicarbonate concentrations and the effect of secretin was obvious even when this factor was controlled by adjusting the bicarbonate concentrations of the test fluids.	Bicarbonates	207-218	secretin	Homo sapiens	132-140
4692256-1	1973	Studies in five dogs with chronic pancreatic and gastric fistulae have shown that insulin-induced vagal stimulation of the pancreas (gastric fistula open) resulted in protein and bicarbonate outputs very much smaller than those obtained with a 400-g meat meal.	Bicarbonates	179-190	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	82-89
4738723-0	1973	Effects of parathyroid hormone and calcium on renal reabsorption of bicarbonate in children.	Bicarbonates	68-79	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	11-30
4787845-2	1973	10% pure CCK gave higher bicarbonate output that can be achieved with pure CCK.	Bicarbonates	25-36	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	9-12
4787845-2	1973	10% pure CCK gave higher bicarbonate output that can be achieved with pure CCK.	Bicarbonates	25-36	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	75-78
4716507-2	1973	In groups of patients with chronic pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas abnormal scans closely parallel the diminished exocrine secretion, especially bicarbonate output, following a submaximal dose of secretin.	Bicarbonates	153-164	secretin	Homo sapiens	204-212
4787845-0	1973	Pure cholecystokinin: pancreatic protein and bicarbonate response.	Bicarbonates	45-56	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	5-20
4692256-2	1973	However, when the insulin-activated gastric acid secretion was allowed access to the duodenum (gastric fistula closed) peak outputs of both bicarbonate and protein were observed which were closely similar to the response to the meal.	Bicarbonates	140-151	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	18-25
4263664-0	1972	HCO 3 -stimulated ATPase from mammalian pancreas.	Bicarbonates	0-5	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	18-24
5552796-0	1971	The effect of iso-carbic metabolic acidosis in blood on [H+] and [HCO3-] in CSF with deductions about the regulation of an active transport of H plus-HCO3-between blood and CSF.	Bicarbonates	66-70	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-79
4625922-2	1972	The isolated lungs of guinea-pigs, rats and dogs, perfused with Krebs bicarbonate solution via the pulmonary artery, inactivated 95, 98 and 99% respectively of the bradykinin infused through them.2.	Bicarbonates	70-81	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	164-174
5575413-0	1971	The CDF-blood potential and the regulation of the bicarbonate concentration of CSF during acidosis in the cat.	Bicarbonates	50-61	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-82
4333424-0	1972	A re-interpretation of bicarbonate-free ferric transferrin E.P.R.	Bicarbonates	23-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
5552796-0	1971	The effect of iso-carbic metabolic acidosis in blood on [H+] and [HCO3-] in CSF with deductions about the regulation of an active transport of H plus-HCO3-between blood and CSF.	Bicarbonates	66-70	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	173-176
5552796-0	1971	The effect of iso-carbic metabolic acidosis in blood on [H+] and [HCO3-] in CSF with deductions about the regulation of an active transport of H plus-HCO3-between blood and CSF.	Bicarbonates	150-154	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-79
4102771-0	1971	The CSF-blood potential and the adaptation of the CSF bicarbonate concentration in the cat.	Bicarbonates	54-65	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	50-53
5552796-0	1971	The effect of iso-carbic metabolic acidosis in blood on [H+] and [HCO3-] in CSF with deductions about the regulation of an active transport of H plus-HCO3-between blood and CSF.	Bicarbonates	150-154	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	173-176
4322790-0	1970	Effect of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone on plasma calcium and bicarbonate concentration in domestic fowl.	Bicarbonates	70-81	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	20-47
5101297-6	1971	In eight patients with classic RTA (type 1 RTA), proximal renal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate was largely intact as judged from a trivial reduction of THCO(3) (-) at normal [HCO(3) (-)]p. When [HCO(3) (-)]p was either increased from subnormal to normal levels, or decreased from normal to subnormal levels, U(HCO3-)V/C(in) remained essentially constant, and U(K)V/C(in) did not change significantly.	Bicarbonates	158-168	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
5471036-1	1970	The response of the pancreatic bicarbonate secretory mechanism to secretin and the relationship between bicarbonate concentration and flow rate in pancreatic juice have been re-examined following reports describing decreasing levels of bicarbonate concentration at high flow rates.	Bicarbonates	31-42	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	66-74
5471036-3	1970	The results show that when high doses of secretin elicit high rates of flow of pancreatic juice the bicarbonate concentration rises to a peak which is constant over a wide range of stimulation and flow rates.	Bicarbonates	100-111	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	41-49
5167464-0	1971	Influence of bicarbonate-CO 2 - and glycodiazine buffer on the secretion of the isolated cat"s pancreas.	Bicarbonates	13-24	complement C2	Homo sapiens	25-29
5498411-2	1970	Copper transferrin and bicarbonate-free copper transferrin.	Bicarbonates	23-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
5350104-1	1969	In a woman with diarrhoea and the Zollinger-Ellison pattern of gastric secretion, the secretion of fluid and bicarbonate into the duodenum in response to secretin was found to be significantly greater than in controls.	Bicarbonates	109-120	secretin	Homo sapiens	154-162
5429870-0	1970	The effect of pure natural secretin on the bicarbonate secretion into the duodenum in man.	Bicarbonates	43-54	secretin	Homo sapiens	27-35
5653882-4	1968	In response to continuous secretin infusion, the preparation secreted for up to 6 hr a juice which was similar to that obtained in vivo, with the exception that the bicarbonate concentration decreased and the chloride concentration increased with time, even when the rate of secretion remained constant.4.	Bicarbonates	165-176	secretin	Homo sapiens	26-34
5386632-1	1969	Intraduodenal infusion of increasing amounts of hydrochloric acid solution results in a stepwise increase in the volume of pancreatic secretion and output of bicarbonate, reaching about 90% of amounts attained with exogenous secretin infused intravenously in increasing doses.	Bicarbonates	158-169	secretin	Homo sapiens	225-233
17387923-3	1968	The formation of the plutonium-transferrin complex requires the presence of HCO3-, and plutonium is displaced from the complex by excess iron, thus indicating that similar binding sites may be involved in the complexing of iron and plutonium.	Bicarbonates	76-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	31-42
5724963-1	1968	Tryptophan oxygenase activity in mouse liver slices maintained in cluture medium, in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution, or in homologous whole blood declined within 3 hr to about one-half the original level.	Bicarbonates	98-109	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Mus musculus	0-20
20184461-3	1967	In patients with pathological values of volume or bicarbonate concentration after secretin injection, the decrease in total nitrogen concentration following stimulation was significantly less.	Bicarbonates	50-61	secretin	Homo sapiens	82-90
6065757-0	1967	Effect of secretin on bicarbonate secretion in fluid perfusing the rat ileum.	Bicarbonates	22-33	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	10-18
13742350-2	1960	The effect of bicarbonate on liver alcohol dehydrogenase.	Bicarbonates	14-25	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	35-56
14452807-2	1961	A comparison of the effects of insulin and a growth-hormone preparation on oxygen consumption in bicarbonate and phosphate buffers.	Bicarbonates	97-108	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	45-59
6015229-0	1966	[Effects of bicarbonate on the feed intake of milk cows].	Bicarbonates	12-23	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	46-50
5901159-7	1966	The metabolic acidosis which results is likely the basis of the respiratory stimulatin, perhaps by its effects on the CSF H(2)CO(3)-HCO(3) - system.	Bicarbonates	132-138	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	118-121
34031755-12	2021	These findings suggest that the activation of cAMP-dependent HCO3- secretion through CFTR would be partly involved in the IND-mediated pH normalization in gland secretion and may be suitable for the maintenance of airway defense against exacerbating factors including LPS.	Bicarbonates	61-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
13031144-0	1953	Radio-autographic visualization of radiocarbon in the organs and tissues of newborn rats following administration of C14-labeled bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	129-140	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
19872792-21	1934	Since CO(2) and HCO(3) (-) diffuse into A and combine with KG and NaG the inward movement of potassium and sodium falls off in proportion as the concentration of KG and NaG is lessened.	Bicarbonates	16-22	NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex	Homo sapiens	59-69
19872792-21	1934	Since CO(2) and HCO(3) (-) diffuse into A and combine with KG and NaG the inward movement of potassium and sodium falls off in proportion as the concentration of KG and NaG is lessened.	Bicarbonates	16-22	NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex	Homo sapiens	66-69
33955506-2	2021	AE2, a vital subtype of the Cl-/HCO3- exchangers, is expressed widely in various cells and tissues in mammals and serves essential roles in the pathophysiological processes of the cardiovascular system and renal tubular reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	32-36	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
34019094-1	2021	In the small intestine, Na:H (NHE3) and Cl:HCO3 (DRA or PAT1) exchangers present in the brush border membrane (BBM) of absorptive villus cells are primarily responsible for the coupled absorption of NaCl, the malabsorption of which causes diarrhea, a common symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).	Bicarbonates	43-47	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	49-52
34019094-5	2021	Though Na:H exchange activity was unaffected, Cl:HCO3 activity was significantly decreased in SAMP1 mice due to a reduction in its affinity for Cl, which was reversed by L-NIL treatment.	Bicarbonates	49-53	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	94-99
34019094-1	2021	In the small intestine, Na:H (NHE3) and Cl:HCO3 (DRA or PAT1) exchangers present in the brush border membrane (BBM) of absorptive villus cells are primarily responsible for the coupled absorption of NaCl, the malabsorption of which causes diarrhea, a common symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).	Bicarbonates	43-47	amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
33949881-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a deadly multi-organ disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the gene that encodes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride/bicarbonate ion channel.	Bicarbonates	187-198	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	119-170
34019094-9	2021	Specifically, Cl:HCO3 exchanger DRA but not PAT1 is regulated at the level of its phosphorylation by iNO in the chronically inflamed intestine.	Bicarbonates	17-21	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	32-35
34019628-0	2021	SATB2 defect promotes colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer by impairing Cl -/HCO3  - exchange and homeostasis of gut microbiota.	Bicarbonates	89-93	special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2	Mus musculus	0-5
34019628-5	2021	ChIP and luciferase reporter were applied to show the regulatory role of SATB2 on SLC26A3, of which the Cl -/HCO3  - exchange activity was measured fluorometrically by the pHi-sensitive dye.	Bicarbonates	109-113	special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2	Mus musculus	73-78
34019628-5	2021	ChIP and luciferase reporter were applied to show the regulatory role of SATB2 on SLC26A3, of which the Cl -/HCO3  - exchange activity was measured fluorometrically by the pHi-sensitive dye.	Bicarbonates	109-113	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	82-89
33963548-0	2021	The molecular mechanism of CFTR- and secretin-dependent renal bicarbonate excretion.	Bicarbonates	62-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-31
33963548-0	2021	The molecular mechanism of CFTR- and secretin-dependent renal bicarbonate excretion.	Bicarbonates	62-73	secretin	Homo sapiens	37-45
33963548-1	2021	This review summarizes the newly discovered molecular mechanism of secretin-stimulated urine HCO3 - excretion and the role of CFTR in renal HCO3 - excretion.	Bicarbonates	93-97	secretin	Homo sapiens	67-75
33963548-1	2021	This review summarizes the newly discovered molecular mechanism of secretin-stimulated urine HCO3 - excretion and the role of CFTR in renal HCO3 - excretion.	Bicarbonates	140-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	126-130
33963548-2	2021	The secretin receptor is functionally expressed in the basolateral membrane of the HCO3 - -secreting beta-intercalated cells of the collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	83-87	secretin receptor	Homo sapiens	4-21
33980925-10	2021	In ascending colons with PSC + UC, upregulation of miR-506 may result in failure of bicarbonate secretion and inhibition of p53, which predisposes to pro-tumorigenic transformation.	Bicarbonates	84-95	microRNA 506	Homo sapiens	51-58
33949881-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a deadly multi-organ disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the gene that encodes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride/bicarbonate ion channel.	Bicarbonates	187-198	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	172-176
33924969-1	2021	In contrast to all transmembrane adenylyl cyclases except ADCY9, the cytosolic soluble adenylyl cyclase (ADCY10) is insensitive to forskolin stimulation and is uniquely modulated by calcium and bicarbonate ions.	Bicarbonates	194-205	adenylate cyclase 10	Mus musculus	105-111
33655768-0	2021	Impact of hypoxia and AMPK on CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion in human cholangiocyte organoids.	Bicarbonates	44-55	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
33655768-0	2021	Impact of hypoxia and AMPK on CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion in human cholangiocyte organoids.	Bicarbonates	44-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
33655768-1	2021	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cholangiocytes express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which is involved in bicarbonate secretion for the protection against bile toxicity.	Bicarbonates	124-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-95
33655768-1	2021	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cholangiocytes express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which is involved in bicarbonate secretion for the protection against bile toxicity.	Bicarbonates	124-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-101
33655768-9	2021	Forskolin-stimulation in absence of intracellular chloride showed ion-transport, indicating that bicarbonate could be secreted by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	97-108	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-134
33125559-7	2021	CONS-V/TLV significantly correlated with WBC (r = 0.294), neutrophils (r = 0.300), lymphocytes (r = -0.225), CRP (r = 0.306), PaCO2 (r = 0.227), pH (r = 0.162), HCO3- (r = 0.394), and P/F (r = - 0.419) values.	Bicarbonates	161-165	cons-v/tlv	None	0-10
33924969-6	2021	The strong synergistic effect of HCO3- under LH stimulation further supports the involvement of ADCY10 in the response to LH.	Bicarbonates	33-38	adenylate cyclase 10	Mus musculus	96-102
33861752-4	2021	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel widely distributed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in mediating the secretion of Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	203-208	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
33870658-3	2021	Herein, a conformationally transformed therapeutic peptide Pep-HCO3 modified with bicarbonates on guanidine groups is designed.	Bicarbonates	82-94	prolyl endopeptidase	Mus musculus	59-62
33870658-4	2021	Such a design allows Pep-HCO3 ((nap-RAGLQFPVGRLLRRLLRRLLR) nHCO3 ) to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NP-Pep) due to disrupting helix folding and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between bicarbonates and guanidine groups.	Bicarbonates	25-29	prolyl endopeptidase	Mus musculus	21-24
33870658-4	2021	Such a design allows Pep-HCO3 ((nap-RAGLQFPVGRLLRRLLRRLLR) nHCO3 ) to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NP-Pep) due to disrupting helix folding and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between bicarbonates and guanidine groups.	Bicarbonates	25-29	prolyl endopeptidase	Mus musculus	107-110
33870658-4	2021	Such a design allows Pep-HCO3 ((nap-RAGLQFPVGRLLRRLLRRLLR) nHCO3 ) to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NP-Pep) due to disrupting helix folding and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between bicarbonates and guanidine groups.	Bicarbonates	205-217	prolyl endopeptidase	Mus musculus	21-24
33870658-4	2021	Such a design allows Pep-HCO3 ((nap-RAGLQFPVGRLLRRLLRRLLR) nHCO3 ) to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NP-Pep) due to disrupting helix folding and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between bicarbonates and guanidine groups.	Bicarbonates	205-217	prolyl endopeptidase	Mus musculus	107-110
33920650-6	2021	Cl-/HCO3- exchange, measured as DIDS-sensitive 36Cl uptake, was significantly inhibited in villus cells and BBM vesicles of SAMP1 mice compared to AKR/J controls, an effect reversed by ATMK.	Bicarbonates	4-8	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	124-129
33932403-3	2021	Recently solved outward facing (OF) structures of two SLC4 members (hAE1 and hNBCe1) with different transport modes (Cl /HCO3  exchange vs Na+-CO32  symport) revealed highly-conserved three-dimensional organization of their transmembrane domains.	Bicarbonates	121-125	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	68-72
33923029-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by genetic mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to disrupted transport of Cl- and bicarbonate and CF lung disease featuring bacterial colonization and chronic infection in conducting airways.	Bicarbonates	148-159	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
33904662-2	2021	NHE3 (Slc9a3), an apical Na+ /H+ exchanger, is an established target for regulation of electroneutral NaCl absorption working in concert with Cl- /HCO3 - exchangers.	Bicarbonates	147-151	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	0-4
33837991-0	2021	Bicarbonate ion transport by the electrogenic Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporter, NBCe1, is required for normal electrical slow-wave activity in mouse small intestine.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	46-71
33987436-10	2021	PC was not taken up by the cells but moved paracellularly via TJ to the apical side driven by luminal HCO3- generated by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and the anion exchange protein 2 (AE2).	Bicarbonates	102-106	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	125-176
33987436-10	2021	PC was not taken up by the cells but moved paracellularly via TJ to the apical side driven by luminal HCO3- generated by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and the anion exchange protein 2 (AE2).	Bicarbonates	102-106	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	178-182
33987436-10	2021	PC was not taken up by the cells but moved paracellularly via TJ to the apical side driven by luminal HCO3- generated by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and the anion exchange protein 2 (AE2).	Bicarbonates	102-106	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	218-221
33904662-2	2021	NHE3 (Slc9a3), an apical Na+ /H+ exchanger, is an established target for regulation of electroneutral NaCl absorption working in concert with Cl- /HCO3 - exchangers.	Bicarbonates	147-151	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	6-12
33340048-0	2021	The calcium-sensing receptor is essential for calcium and bicarbonate sensitivity in human spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	58-69	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	4-28
33789071-2	2021	In the gland-containing airways, ASL pH is balanced by CFTR and ATP12A, which respectively control HCO3- transport and proton secretion.	Bicarbonates	99-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	55-59
33789071-2	2021	In the gland-containing airways, ASL pH is balanced by CFTR and ATP12A, which respectively control HCO3- transport and proton secretion.	Bicarbonates	99-103	ATPase H+/K+ transporting non-gastric alpha2 subunit	Sus scrofa	64-70
34004101-6	2021	CFTR is involved in the entry of HCO3- into Sertoli cells to trigger cAMP-dependent transcription and its defects lead to suppression of FSH-dependent gene expression of spermatogenesis, loss of sequence in the Wnt cascade, destruction of the PGE2-dependent transepithelial interaction and, as a consequence, the blood-testicular barrier.CF is characterized, along with classical signs, by endocrine dysfunction of the pancreas, osteoporosis with suppression of osteoblastogenesis, and a defect in spermatogenesis.	Bicarbonates	33-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
33340048-6	2021	Activators of CaSR augmented the effect of sperm activating signals such as the response to HCO3- and the acrosome reaction, while spermatozoa from men with a loss-of-function mutation in CASR had a diminished response to HCO3-, lower progesterone-mediated calcium influx, and were less likely to undergo the acrosome reaction in response to progesterone or Ca 2+.	Bicarbonates	92-96	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
33340048-6	2021	Activators of CaSR augmented the effect of sperm activating signals such as the response to HCO3- and the acrosome reaction, while spermatozoa from men with a loss-of-function mutation in CASR had a diminished response to HCO3-, lower progesterone-mediated calcium influx, and were less likely to undergo the acrosome reaction in response to progesterone or Ca 2+.	Bicarbonates	222-226	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	188-192
33340048-10	2021	CONCLUSION: CaSR is important for the sensing of Ca 2+, Mg 2+, and HCO3  - in spermatozoa, and loss-of-function may impair male sperm function.	Bicarbonates	67-71	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	12-16
33222371-8	2021	In BFR-leg, NHE1-density was higher than in CON-leg (~45%; p<0.05) and correlated with total-net H+ -release (r=0.71; p=0.031) and lactate-independent H+ -release (r=0.74; p=0.023) after INT, where arterial [HCO3 - ] and standard-base-excess in Ex25 were higher in BFR-leg than CON-leg.	Bicarbonates	208-212	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	12-16
33727633-0	2021	Both IRBIT and long-IRBIT bind to and coordinately regulate Cl-/HCO3- exchanger AE2 activity through modulating the lysosomal degradation of AE2.	Bicarbonates	64-68	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	5-10
33727633-0	2021	Both IRBIT and long-IRBIT bind to and coordinately regulate Cl-/HCO3- exchanger AE2 activity through modulating the lysosomal degradation of AE2.	Bicarbonates	64-68	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
33727633-0	2021	Both IRBIT and long-IRBIT bind to and coordinately regulate Cl-/HCO3- exchanger AE2 activity through modulating the lysosomal degradation of AE2.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	80-83
33727633-0	2021	Both IRBIT and long-IRBIT bind to and coordinately regulate Cl-/HCO3- exchanger AE2 activity through modulating the lysosomal degradation of AE2.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	141-144
33711228-9	2021	Furthermore, our pharmacological and molecular examinations indicated that AVP secretion and its associated SVD event are triggered by activation of T-type Ca2+ channels, and the RVI event is attained by parallel operation of Na+/H+ exchanger and Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	251-255	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
32989468-2	2021	Slc26a3 (DRA), as a key chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein in the intestinal epithelial luminal membrane, participates in the electroneutral NaCl absorption of intestine, together with Na+/H+ exchangers.	Bicarbonates	33-44	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
32989468-2	2021	Slc26a3 (DRA), as a key chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein in the intestinal epithelial luminal membrane, participates in the electroneutral NaCl absorption of intestine, together with Na+/H+ exchangers.	Bicarbonates	33-44	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	9-12
33270356-0	2021	Impaired renal HCO3 - secretion in CFTR deficient mice causes metabolic alkalosis during chronic base-loading.	Bicarbonates	15-19	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	35-39
33404065-6	2021	ABSTRACT: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is dependent on the integrative relationship between arterial PCO2 (PaCO2 ), pH, and cerebrovascular tone; however, pre-clinical studies indicate that intrinsic sensitivity to pH - independent of changes in PaCO2 or intravascular bicarbonate ([HCO3 - ]) - principally influences cerebrovascular tone.	Bicarbonates	277-288	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	223-225
33332913-4	2021	RECENT FINDINGS: PBC develops in patients with genetic predisposition to autoimmunity in whom epigenetic mechanisms silence the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger AE2 in both cholangiocytes and lymphoid cells.	Bicarbonates	132-136	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	148-151
33332913-5	2021	Defective AE2 function can produce BECs damage as a result of decreased biliary HCO3- secretion with disruption of the protective alkaline umbrella that normally prevents the penetration of toxic apolar bile salts into cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	80-85	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	10-13
31453752-6	2021	NO2- could inhibit degradation for NO2- could react with free radicals, but the reason of inhibition of degradation by HCO3- , or CO32- was its influence on pH, whereas Cl-, NO3- and H2PO4- had no influence on degradation.	Bicarbonates	119-123	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	174-177
33201250-1	2021	hCA IX is a multi-domain protein belonging to the family of hCAs which are ubiquitous zinc enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3- and H+.	Bicarbonates	148-153	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-6
33404065-6	2021	ABSTRACT: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is dependent on the integrative relationship between arterial PCO2 (PaCO2 ), pH, and cerebrovascular tone; however, pre-clinical studies indicate that intrinsic sensitivity to pH - independent of changes in PaCO2 or intravascular bicarbonate ([HCO3 - ]) - principally influences cerebrovascular tone.	Bicarbonates	291-297	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	223-225
33229094-6	2021	Adsorption of p-ASA/ROX on the metal (hydro)oxide and clay minerals was affected by solution pH, co-existing metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+), oxyanions (H2PO4-, HCO3-, and SO42-), and humic acid.	Bicarbonates	181-186	MAX network transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	14-23
33542361-1	2021	The pH-CO2-HCO3- system is a ubiquitous biological regulator with important functional implications for reproduction.	Bicarbonates	11-15	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	4-6
33596759-10	2021	These results indicate that CA IV participates in the regulation of bicarbonate/carbon dioxide fluxes in the ductal system of the human parotid gland.	Bicarbonates	68-79	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
33542361-10	2021	This study contributes to a better understanding of the in vivo regulation of the pH-CO2-HCO3- system in the uterus and may help to optimize the protocols of sperm treatment for in vitro fertilization.	Bicarbonates	89-93	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	82-84
33563658-4	2021	Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 in the proximal tubule alters kidney ATP turnover so that filtered ketoacids are preferentially excreted as Na+ or K+ salts, leading to indirect loss of bicarbonate from the body and systemic acidosis under conditions of increased ketogenesis.	Bicarbonates	198-209	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	14-44
33514305-5	2021	The luminal-Cl--dependent HCO3- secretions in the cecum and middle-distal colon were abolished in the DRA-KO mice.	Bicarbonates	26-30	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	102-105
33341913-11	2021	CONCLUSION: BCT significantly reduced ICP and RAP index with preserved CPP.	Bicarbonates	12-15	LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
33514305-6	2021	In conclusion, DRA mediates Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion in the mouse cecum and middle-distal colon, and may have roles in H2O absorption and luminal acid/base regulation in these segments.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	15-18
33628696-1	2021	Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in blood pH to >7.45 due to a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO3 -).	Bicarbonates	91-102	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	44-46
33481676-2	2021	It has been postulated that a reduced HCO3- transport in CF through CFTR may lead to a decreased airway surface liquid (ASL) pH.	Bicarbonates	38-42	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-72
33628696-1	2021	Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in blood pH to >7.45 due to a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO3 -).	Bicarbonates	104-110	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	44-46
32383536-5	2021	Measurement of Cl- /HCO3 - -ATPase activity and Cl- transport in HEK 293FT cells expressing homomeric or heteromeric GABAA R ensembles (alpha2, beta3, or gamma2) with fluorescent dye for chloride demonstrated that receptor subtypes containing the beta3 subunit show enzymatic activity and participate in GABA-mediated or ATP-dependent Cl- transport.	Bicarbonates	20-24	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	28-34
33466723-0	2021	Qualitative Differences in Protection of PTP1B Activity by the Reductive Trx1 or TRP14 Enzyme Systems upon Oxidative Challenges with Polysulfides or H2O2 Together with Bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	168-179	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
33466723-0	2021	Qualitative Differences in Protection of PTP1B Activity by the Reductive Trx1 or TRP14 Enzyme Systems upon Oxidative Challenges with Polysulfides or H2O2 Together with Bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	168-179	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	73-77
33466723-0	2021	Qualitative Differences in Protection of PTP1B Activity by the Reductive Trx1 or TRP14 Enzyme Systems upon Oxidative Challenges with Polysulfides or H2O2 Together with Bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	168-179	thioredoxin domain containing 17	Homo sapiens	81-86
33466723-4	2021	Determining PTP1B activities, we here compared the potency of inactivation by bicarbonate-assisted oxidation using H2O2 with that of polysulfide-mediated inactivation.	Bicarbonates	78-89	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
33466723-5	2021	Inactivation of pure PTP1B was about three times more efficient with polysulfides as compared to the combination of bicarbonate and H2O2.	Bicarbonates	116-127	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
33466723-6	2021	Bicarbonate alone had no effect on PTP1B, neither with nor without a combination with polysulfides, thus strengthening the notion that bicarbonate-assisted H2O2-mediated inactivation of PTP1B involves formation of peroxymonocarbonate.	Bicarbonates	135-146	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
32659589-4	2021	The removal efficiency of 4-tBP was slightly decreased by Mg2+ and HCO3-, while accelerated at varying degrees by the presence of Cu2+ and humic acid.	Bicarbonates	67-72	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
33466723-8	2021	Comparing reductive activation of polysulfide-inactivated PTP1B with that of bicarbonate- and H2O2-treated enzyme, we found Trx1 to be more potent in reactivation than TRP14.	Bicarbonates	77-88	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	124-128
33466723-8	2021	Comparing reductive activation of polysulfide-inactivated PTP1B with that of bicarbonate- and H2O2-treated enzyme, we found Trx1 to be more potent in reactivation than TRP14.	Bicarbonates	77-88	thioredoxin domain containing 17	Homo sapiens	168-173
33414245-10	2021	During systemic acid loading, knockout of NBCn1 inhibited the net NH4 + reabsorption across mTALs by approximately 60%, abolished the renal corticomedullary NH4 + gradient, reduced the capacity for urinary NH4 + excretion by approximately 50%, and delayed recovery of arterial blood pH and standard [HCO3 -] from their initial decline.	Bicarbonates	300-304	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	42-47
33414245-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: During metabolic acidosis, NBCn1 is required for the upregulated basolateral HCO3 - uptake and transepithelial NH4 + reabsorption in mTALs, renal medullary NH4 + accumulation, urinary NH4 + excretion, and early recovery of arterial blood pH and standard [HCO3 -].	Bicarbonates	90-96	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	40-45
33414245-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: During metabolic acidosis, NBCn1 is required for the upregulated basolateral HCO3 - uptake and transepithelial NH4 + reabsorption in mTALs, renal medullary NH4 + accumulation, urinary NH4 + excretion, and early recovery of arterial blood pH and standard [HCO3 -].	Bicarbonates	90-94	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	40-45
33400130-14	2022	Thus, serum HCO3 and QTc interval should be monitored for acute cardiotoxicities, especially in aluminum phosphide and cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning.	Bicarbonates	12-16	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	119-133
33186222-1	2021	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pendrin resides on the luminal membrane of type B intercalated cells in the renal collecting tubule system mediating the absorption of chloride in exchange for bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	179-190	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	19-26
32776463-7	2021	In FD, the mRNA expression of SLC4A7 and SLC4A4, which transport bicarbonate into cells at the basolateral surface, and the apical anion exchanger SLC26A3 were reduced (false discovery rate <0.05), the serotonin receptor HTR4 was increased, and the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 was decreased.	Bicarbonates	65-76	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	30-36
33532041-2	2021	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene disrupts the capacity of the protein to function as a channel, transporting chloride ions and bicarbonate across epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	175-186	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-68
33532041-2	2021	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene disrupts the capacity of the protein to function as a channel, transporting chloride ions and bicarbonate across epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	175-186	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
32776463-7	2021	In FD, the mRNA expression of SLC4A7 and SLC4A4, which transport bicarbonate into cells at the basolateral surface, and the apical anion exchanger SLC26A3 were reduced (false discovery rate <0.05), the serotonin receptor HTR4 was increased, and the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 was decreased.	Bicarbonates	65-76	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
33376814-1	2021	: Regulation of HCO3 -Transport and extracellular pH by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	16-20	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	56-60
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Bicarbonates	20-31	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	65-72
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Bicarbonates	20-31	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	83-88
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Bicarbonates	20-31	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	90-118
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	65-72
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	83-88
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	90-118
33599438-8	2021	Genetic analysis demonstrated that the patient had a SLC26A3 c.269_270dupAA homozygous mutation in exon 3, leading to a frameshift from 91st amino acid Gly and alteration of the SLC26A3 transmembrane protein sequence, thus resulting in a Cl-/HCO3- exchange barrier.	Bicarbonates	242-246	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	53-60
33599438-8	2021	Genetic analysis demonstrated that the patient had a SLC26A3 c.269_270dupAA homozygous mutation in exon 3, leading to a frameshift from 91st amino acid Gly and alteration of the SLC26A3 transmembrane protein sequence, thus resulting in a Cl-/HCO3- exchange barrier.	Bicarbonates	242-246	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	178-185
33376814-3	2021	Expression of functional CFTR may normally regulate extracellular pH via control of bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	84-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
33376814-4	2021	Reports also suggest that the CFTR may be a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	48-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
33376814-6	2021	We compared evidentiary support of four possible models of CFTR"s role in the transport of bicarbonate: 1) CFTR as a Cl-channel that permits bicarbonate conductance, 2) CFTR as an anion Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), 3.)	Bicarbonates	91-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
33376814-6	2021	We compared evidentiary support of four possible models of CFTR"s role in the transport of bicarbonate: 1) CFTR as a Cl-channel that permits bicarbonate conductance, 2) CFTR as an anion Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), 3.)	Bicarbonates	91-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
33376814-6	2021	We compared evidentiary support of four possible models of CFTR"s role in the transport of bicarbonate: 1) CFTR as a Cl-channel that permits bicarbonate conductance, 2) CFTR as an anion Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), 3.)	Bicarbonates	91-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
33376814-6	2021	We compared evidentiary support of four possible models of CFTR"s role in the transport of bicarbonate: 1) CFTR as a Cl-channel that permits bicarbonate conductance, 2) CFTR as an anion Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), 3.)	Bicarbonates	141-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
33376814-6	2021	We compared evidentiary support of four possible models of CFTR"s role in the transport of bicarbonate: 1) CFTR as a Cl-channel that permits bicarbonate conductance, 2) CFTR as an anion Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), 3.)	Bicarbonates	141-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
33376814-6	2021	We compared evidentiary support of four possible models of CFTR"s role in the transport of bicarbonate: 1) CFTR as a Cl-channel that permits bicarbonate conductance, 2) CFTR as an anion Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), 3.)	Bicarbonates	141-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
33376814-6	2021	We compared evidentiary support of four possible models of CFTR"s role in the transport of bicarbonate: 1) CFTR as a Cl-channel that permits bicarbonate conductance, 2) CFTR as an anion Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), 3.)	Bicarbonates	190-194	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
33376814-8	2021	CFTR as a Cl-channel that allows for transport of bicarbonate and regulates an independent AE.	Bicarbonates	50-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
33376814-10	2021	This data, as well as that published by others, suggest that while CFTR may support and regulate bicarbonate flux it is unlikely it directly performs Cl-/HCO3- anion exchange.	Bicarbonates	97-108	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
33335888-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) is associated with glaucoma, malignant brain tumors, and renal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinomas and is mainly involved in the regulation of the bicarbonate concentration in the eyes.	Bicarbonates	177-188	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
33339881-9	2020	Two sulphurous/bicarbonate/sodic TW and the sulphurous/chlorinated/sodic TW promoted an increase in NO production and/or iNOS expression.	Bicarbonates	15-26	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	121-125
32472399-5	2020	METHODS: The rGAPDH was purified and stored in two different buffers (sodium phosphate + EDTA and bicarbonate-sodium chloride) to check the stability.	Bicarbonates	98-109	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
33335888-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) is associated with glaucoma, malignant brain tumors, and renal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinomas and is mainly involved in the regulation of the bicarbonate concentration in the eyes.	Bicarbonates	177-188	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
32969493-1	2020	KEY POINTS: According to the HCO3 - metabolon hypothesis, direct association of cytosolic carbonic anhydrases (CAs) with the electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1-A speeds transport by regenerating/consuming HCO3 - .	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	160-167
32969493-1	2020	KEY POINTS: According to the HCO3 - metabolon hypothesis, direct association of cytosolic carbonic anhydrases (CAs) with the electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1-A speeds transport by regenerating/consuming HCO3 - .	Bicarbonates	141-145	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	160-167
32969493-1	2020	KEY POINTS: According to the HCO3 - metabolon hypothesis, direct association of cytosolic carbonic anhydrases (CAs) with the electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1-A speeds transport by regenerating/consuming HCO3 - .	Bicarbonates	29-35	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	160-167
32969493-7	2020	ABSTRACT: The HCO3 - metabolon hypothesis predicts that cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA) binds to NBCe1-A, promotes HCO3 - replenishment/consumption, and enhances transport.	Bicarbonates	14-18	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	99-106
32969493-11	2020	In oocytes expressing untagged NBCe1-A, injected with bCA, and clamped to -40 mV, CO2 /HCO3 - exposures markedly decrease Erev , producing large transient outward currents persisting for > 10 min and rapid increases in [Na+ ]i .	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-38
32969493-13	2020	In oocytes not expressing NBCe1-A, CO2 /HCO3 - triggers rapid increases in [Na+ ]i that both hCA II and bCA enhance in concentration-dependent manners.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	26-33
32969493-13	2020	In oocytes not expressing NBCe1-A, CO2 /HCO3 - triggers rapid increases in [Na+ ]i that both hCA II and bCA enhance in concentration-dependent manners.	Bicarbonates	40-44	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	93-99
32969493-17	2020	Theoretical considerations argue against a CA stimulation of HCO3 - transport, supporting the conclusion that an NBCe1-A-HCO3 - metabolon does not exist in oocytes This article is protected by copyright.	Bicarbonates	121-125	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	113-120
32816992-7	2020	We propose a comprehensive role for EVs in eggshell mineralization, in which annexins transfer calcium into vesicles and carbonic anhydrase 4 catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), for accumulation of ACC in vesicles.	Bicarbonates	169-180	carbonic anhydrase 4	Gallus gallus	121-141
32816992-7	2020	We propose a comprehensive role for EVs in eggshell mineralization, in which annexins transfer calcium into vesicles and carbonic anhydrase 4 catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), for accumulation of ACC in vesicles.	Bicarbonates	187-192	carbonic anhydrase 4	Gallus gallus	121-141
33182508-3	2020	In patients with excessive loss of salt in the sweat or poor salt intake, the maintenance of metabolic alkalosis is crucially modulated by the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin located on the renal tubular membrane of type B intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	152-163	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	174-181
33182643-3	2020	Histamine signaling, including an increase in the Ca2+ signal, mediated the enhanced protein expression and chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of anion exchanger AE2 in keratinocytes.	Bicarbonates	117-128	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	166-169
33191723-8	2020	Genetic analysis demonstrated that the patient had a SLC26A3 c.269_270dupAA homozygous mutation in exon 3, leading to a frameshift from 91st amino acid Gly and alteration of the SLC26A3 transmembrane protein sequence, thus resulting in a Cl-/HCO3- exchange barrier.	Bicarbonates	242-246	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	53-60
33191723-8	2020	Genetic analysis demonstrated that the patient had a SLC26A3 c.269_270dupAA homozygous mutation in exon 3, leading to a frameshift from 91st amino acid Gly and alteration of the SLC26A3 transmembrane protein sequence, thus resulting in a Cl-/HCO3- exchange barrier.	Bicarbonates	242-246	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	178-185
32632909-1	2020	Mutations in SLC4A1, encoding the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger known as anion exchanger 1, have been reported as the sole genetic cause of autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	43-54	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-19
33328894-10	2020	The membrane potential of horizontal cells provides the driving force for GABAR-mediated HCO3 - efflux, alkalinizing the cleft when horizontal cells are hyperpolarized by light or adding to their depolarization in darkness and contributing to cleft acidification via NHE-mediated H+ efflux.	Bicarbonates	89-93	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	267-270
32632909-1	2020	Mutations in SLC4A1, encoding the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger known as anion exchanger 1, have been reported as the sole genetic cause of autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	43-54	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-91
32366795-7	2020	EP in CYC was positively correlated with the peak [H] (r = 0.78, P = 0008), and negatively correlated with the lowest [HCO3] (r = -0.74, P = 0.015).	Bicarbonates	119-123	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	6-9
32415725-1	2020	AIM: SLC26A3 (DRA) mediates the absorption of luminal Cl- in exchange for HCO3 - in the distal intestine.	Bicarbonates	74-80	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	5-12
32951339-2	2020	CCD is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes an intestinal Cl- /HCO3- , Na+ -independent exchanger.	Bicarbonates	151-156	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	68-101
32951339-2	2020	CCD is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes an intestinal Cl- /HCO3- , Na+ -independent exchanger.	Bicarbonates	151-156	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	103-110
32886997-7	2020	The PCA results indicated three principal components (PC), PC1 having the greatest variance (45.83%) and affected by positive loadings of TDS, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, and Mg2+, PC2 accounting for 17.03% and dominated by Ca2+, pH, HCO3-, and K+, and PC3 representing 12.17% and mainly comprising of CO32-.	Bicarbonates	223-228	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
32886997-7	2020	The PCA results indicated three principal components (PC), PC1 having the greatest variance (45.83%) and affected by positive loadings of TDS, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, and Mg2+, PC2 accounting for 17.03% and dominated by Ca2+, pH, HCO3-, and K+, and PC3 representing 12.17% and mainly comprising of CO32-.	Bicarbonates	223-228	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	170-173
32886997-7	2020	The PCA results indicated three principal components (PC), PC1 having the greatest variance (45.83%) and affected by positive loadings of TDS, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, and Mg2+, PC2 accounting for 17.03% and dominated by Ca2+, pH, HCO3-, and K+, and PC3 representing 12.17% and mainly comprising of CO32-.	Bicarbonates	291-296	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
32886997-7	2020	The PCA results indicated three principal components (PC), PC1 having the greatest variance (45.83%) and affected by positive loadings of TDS, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, and Mg2+, PC2 accounting for 17.03% and dominated by Ca2+, pH, HCO3-, and K+, and PC3 representing 12.17% and mainly comprising of CO32-.	Bicarbonates	291-296	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	170-173
33195405-8	2020	This could be explained by the presence of water alkalinity or bicarbonate ions in tap water, which can scavenge free radicals and reduce Hb oxidation/oligomerization.	Bicarbonates	63-74	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
33096823-11	2020	The NHE (Na+/H+-exchanger) is activated by cAMP, leading in increased pHi and activation of the sperm-specific Ca2+ channel CatSper, resulting in an increase in [Ca2+]i, which, together with HCO3-, activates the soluble adenylyl-cyclase (sAC).	Bicarbonates	191-195	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	4-7
33096823-11	2020	The NHE (Na+/H+-exchanger) is activated by cAMP, leading in increased pHi and activation of the sperm-specific Ca2+ channel CatSper, resulting in an increase in [Ca2+]i, which, together with HCO3-, activates the soluble adenylyl-cyclase (sAC).	Bicarbonates	191-195	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	9-25
33033238-5	2020	The underlying signalling mechanism involves activity-dependent release of ATP triggering bicarbonate secretion by astrocytes via activation of metabotropic P2Y1 receptors, recruitment of phospholipase C, release of Ca2+ from the internal stores, and facilitated outward HCO3- transport by the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1, NBCe1.	Bicarbonates	90-101	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	294-341
32415725-1	2020	AIM: SLC26A3 (DRA) mediates the absorption of luminal Cl- in exchange for HCO3 - in the distal intestine.	Bicarbonates	74-80	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	14-17
32818510-0	2020	Bicarbonate activates glycolysis and lactate production in corneal endothelial cells by increased pHi.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	98-101
32818510-2	2020	In this study we test the hypothesis that the increased intracellular pH (pHi) caused by bicarbonate stimulates glycolytic activity and the production of lactate by endothelial cells.	Bicarbonates	89-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	74-77
32627187-13	2020	Treating epithelia with IL-17 plus TNFalpha alkalinized ASL pH to ~7.0, increased paracellular HCO3 - permeability, and paracellular HCO3 - flux was negligible.	Bicarbonates	95-99	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	24-29
32627187-13	2020	Treating epithelia with IL-17 plus TNFalpha alkalinized ASL pH to ~7.0, increased paracellular HCO3 - permeability, and paracellular HCO3 - flux was negligible.	Bicarbonates	95-99	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-43
32627187-13	2020	Treating epithelia with IL-17 plus TNFalpha alkalinized ASL pH to ~7.0, increased paracellular HCO3 - permeability, and paracellular HCO3 - flux was negligible.	Bicarbonates	133-137	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	24-29
32955439-0	2020	PTPRG is an ischemia risk locus essential for HCO3--dependent regulation of endothelial function and tissue perfusion.	Bicarbonates	46-50	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G	Homo sapiens	0-5
32712383-4	2020	An early event in capacitation is relatively small elevation of intracellular Ca2+ (in the nM range) and bicarbonate, which collectively activate the soluble adenylyl cyclase to produce cyclic-AMP; c-AMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), leading to indirect tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins.	Bicarbonates	105-116	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	191-196
32955439-3	2020	We show that endothelial cells express the putative HCO3--sensor receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase RPTPg, which enhances endothelial intracellular Ca2+-responses in resistance arteries and facilitates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation only when CO2/HCO3- is present.	Bicarbonates	52-57	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G	Homo sapiens	108-113
32955439-7	2020	We conclude that PTPRG is an ischemia susceptibility locus; and RPTPg-dependent sensing of HCO3- adjusts endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation, microvascular perfusion, and blood pressure during acid-base disturbances and altered tissue metabolism.	Bicarbonates	91-95	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G	Homo sapiens	64-69
32983978-3	2020	Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) plays a critical adaptive role in response to hypoxic and acidic environments by catalytically hydrating extracellular CO2 to produce bicarbonate for buffering intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	180-191	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	16-37
32983978-9	2020	Hypoxia-induced CA IX therefore mediates adaptation to microenvironmental hypoxia and acidosis directly, by enzymatically converting extracellular CO2 to bicarbonate, and indirectly, by maintaining glycolysis-permissive intracellular milieu.	Bicarbonates	154-165	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	16-21
32983978-3	2020	Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) plays a critical adaptive role in response to hypoxic and acidic environments by catalytically hydrating extracellular CO2 to produce bicarbonate for buffering intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	180-191	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	39-44
32983978-3	2020	Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) plays a critical adaptive role in response to hypoxic and acidic environments by catalytically hydrating extracellular CO2 to produce bicarbonate for buffering intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	180-191	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	224-227
32922550-1	2020	Background: Carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) maintains homeostasis of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	83-94	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	12-32
32386453-0	2020	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-dependent bicarbonate entry controls rat cardiomyocyte ATP release via pannexin1 through mitochondrial signalling and caspase activation.	Bicarbonates	62-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-51
32386453-0	2020	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-dependent bicarbonate entry controls rat cardiomyocyte ATP release via pannexin1 through mitochondrial signalling and caspase activation.	Bicarbonates	62-73	Pannexin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-132
32386453-8	2020	Removal of extracellular bicarbonate abolished cardiomyocyte ATP release induced by lactic acid or CFTR activators.	Bicarbonates	25-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
32386453-12	2020	CONCLUSION: During simulated ischaemia, CFTR-dependent bicarbonate entry stimulated ATP and cytochrome c release from mitochondria; in the cytoplasm, cytochrome c activated caspase 3, which in turn activated Panx1, and ATP was released through the opened Panx1 channel.	Bicarbonates	55-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
32386453-12	2020	CONCLUSION: During simulated ischaemia, CFTR-dependent bicarbonate entry stimulated ATP and cytochrome c release from mitochondria; in the cytoplasm, cytochrome c activated caspase 3, which in turn activated Panx1, and ATP was released through the opened Panx1 channel.	Bicarbonates	55-66	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	173-182
32386453-12	2020	CONCLUSION: During simulated ischaemia, CFTR-dependent bicarbonate entry stimulated ATP and cytochrome c release from mitochondria; in the cytoplasm, cytochrome c activated caspase 3, which in turn activated Panx1, and ATP was released through the opened Panx1 channel.	Bicarbonates	55-66	Pannexin 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
32657159-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase (CAII) binds to the basolateral Na+: HCO3  cotransporter (NBCe1) and facilitates HCO3  reabsorption across the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	56-60	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
32386453-12	2020	CONCLUSION: During simulated ischaemia, CFTR-dependent bicarbonate entry stimulated ATP and cytochrome c release from mitochondria; in the cytoplasm, cytochrome c activated caspase 3, which in turn activated Panx1, and ATP was released through the opened Panx1 channel.	Bicarbonates	55-66	Pannexin 1	Rattus norvegicus	255-260
32922550-1	2020	Background: Carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) maintains homeostasis of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	83-94	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
32825614-1	2020	The tumor-associated isoenzymes hCA IX and hCA XII catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons.	Bicarbonates	95-106	HCA1	Homo sapiens	32-35
32421894-6	2020	Furthermore, by virtue of in situ ATR-IR spectra and DFT analysis, a new HCO3- participated reaction mechanism for formate generation was firstly unveiled, which brings new fundamental understanding of CO2 reduction.	Bicarbonates	73-77	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	34-37
32825614-1	2020	The tumor-associated isoenzymes hCA IX and hCA XII catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons.	Bicarbonates	95-106	HCA1	Homo sapiens	43-46
32873960-11	2020	Using the stepwise method, animal protein intake and PRAL were determinants of HCO3 (r = 0.49).	Bicarbonates	79-83	p53 regulation associated lncRNA	Homo sapiens	53-57
32520610-1	2020	SLC4A11 is the only member of the SLC4 family that transports protons rather than bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	82-93	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter-like, member 11	Mus musculus	0-7
32703846-3	2020	For CF patients and CF mice, we developed a HCO3 - drinking test to assess the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in urinary HCO3 -excretion and applied it in the patients before and after treatment with the novel CFTR modulator drug, lumacaftor-ivacaftor.	Bicarbonates	44-48	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	91-142
32873960-9	2020	In the adjusted analysis, a significant association was observed between the highest quartile of PRAL and serum bicarbonate in CKD patients compared to the lowest quartile (beta: 2.07, 95% CI: 0.21-3.92).	Bicarbonates	112-123	p53 regulation associated lncRNA	Homo sapiens	97-101
32873960-10	2020	According to the multiple linear regression, for each increase of 1 unit of PRAL there was a reduction of 0.25 mmol/L in serum bicarbonate (HCO3).	Bicarbonates	127-138	p53 regulation associated lncRNA	Homo sapiens	76-80
32873960-10	2020	According to the multiple linear regression, for each increase of 1 unit of PRAL there was a reduction of 0.25 mmol/L in serum bicarbonate (HCO3).	Bicarbonates	140-144	p53 regulation associated lncRNA	Homo sapiens	76-80
32606316-2	2020	The resulting defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) results in defective chloride and bicarbonate secretion, as well as dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Bicarbonates	129-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-79
32606316-2	2020	The resulting defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) results in defective chloride and bicarbonate secretion, as well as dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Bicarbonates	129-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-93
32703846-3	2020	For CF patients and CF mice, we developed a HCO3 - drinking test to assess the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in urinary HCO3 -excretion and applied it in the patients before and after treatment with the novel CFTR modulator drug, lumacaftor-ivacaftor.	Bicarbonates	44-48	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	144-148
32703846-3	2020	For CF patients and CF mice, we developed a HCO3 - drinking test to assess the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in urinary HCO3 -excretion and applied it in the patients before and after treatment with the novel CFTR modulator drug, lumacaftor-ivacaftor.	Bicarbonates	161-165	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	91-142
32703846-3	2020	For CF patients and CF mice, we developed a HCO3 - drinking test to assess the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in urinary HCO3 -excretion and applied it in the patients before and after treatment with the novel CFTR modulator drug, lumacaftor-ivacaftor.	Bicarbonates	161-165	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	144-148
32703846-6	2020	In perfused cortical collecting ducts, secretin stimulated pendrin-dependent Cl-/HCO3 - exchange.	Bicarbonates	81-87	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	59-66
32703846-9	2020	In patients, treatment with the CFTR modulator drug lumacaftor-ivacaftor increased the renal ability to excrete HCO3 -.	Bicarbonates	112-118	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-36
32935805-9	2020	A negative correlation was found between hepcidin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin, hematocrit, calcium, 25 OH vitamin D, pH, and bicarbonate levels.	Bicarbonates	157-168	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	41-49
32359081-1	2020	KEY POINTS: The roles of the Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporters NBCn1 and NBCn2 as well as their activators IRBIT and L-IRBIT in the regulation of the mTAL transport of NH4 + , HCO3 - , and NaCl are investigated.	Bicarbonates	34-38	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	56-61
32359081-1	2020	KEY POINTS: The roles of the Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporters NBCn1 and NBCn2 as well as their activators IRBIT and L-IRBIT in the regulation of the mTAL transport of NH4 + , HCO3 - , and NaCl are investigated.	Bicarbonates	34-38	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter, member 10 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	66-71
32359081-1	2020	KEY POINTS: The roles of the Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporters NBCn1 and NBCn2 as well as their activators IRBIT and L-IRBIT in the regulation of the mTAL transport of NH4 + , HCO3 - , and NaCl are investigated.	Bicarbonates	34-40	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	56-61
32359081-1	2020	KEY POINTS: The roles of the Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporters NBCn1 and NBCn2 as well as their activators IRBIT and L-IRBIT in the regulation of the mTAL transport of NH4 + , HCO3 - , and NaCl are investigated.	Bicarbonates	34-40	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter, member 10 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	66-71
32359081-5	2020	Our findings surpport the hypothesis that NBCn1, NBCn2, IRBIT, and L-IRBIT appropriately promote NH4 + shunting but oppose HCO3 - and NaCl reabsorption in the mTAL, and thus are at the nexus of the regulation pathways for multiple renal transport processes.	Bicarbonates	123-127	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	42-47
32359081-5	2020	Our findings surpport the hypothesis that NBCn1, NBCn2, IRBIT, and L-IRBIT appropriately promote NH4 + shunting but oppose HCO3 - and NaCl reabsorption in the mTAL, and thus are at the nexus of the regulation pathways for multiple renal transport processes.	Bicarbonates	123-127	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	56-61
32359081-5	2020	Our findings surpport the hypothesis that NBCn1, NBCn2, IRBIT, and L-IRBIT appropriately promote NH4 + shunting but oppose HCO3 - and NaCl reabsorption in the mTAL, and thus are at the nexus of the regulation pathways for multiple renal transport processes.	Bicarbonates	123-127	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	69-74
32154577-0	2020	Source of dopamine in gastric juice and luminal dopamine-induced duodenal bicarbonate secretion via apical dopamine receptor 2.	Bicarbonates	74-85	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	107-126
32850522-1	2020	Objectives and Study: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC26A3 gene encoding a transmembrane chloride/bicarbonate ion exchanger mainly expressed in the apical brush border of the ileal and colonic epithelium.	Bicarbonates	171-182	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	124-131
32520327-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, encoding an anion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate across epithelial membranes.	Bicarbonates	188-199	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	83-121
32520327-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, encoding an anion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate across epithelial membranes.	Bicarbonates	188-199	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-127
32719709-6	2020	Despite the evolutionary distance, the kinetic changes between the non-C4 and C4 PEPC are qualitatively similar, with a decrease in sensitivity for inhibitors, an increased specificity (k cat/K m) for bicarbonate, and a decreased specificity (k cat/K m) for PEP.	Bicarbonates	201-212	peptidase C	Homo sapiens	81-85
32721020-7	2020	Reduced Na+-dependent HCO3- transport activity and altered NH4Cl-induced membrane potential changes were observed in Slc4a11-/- MCEnC.	Bicarbonates	22-26	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter-like, member 11	Mus musculus	117-124
32587127-2	2020	The secretion of Cl- and HCO3- is mainly regulated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or via the calciumactivated Cl- channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1) in nasal gland serous cells.	Bicarbonates	25-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-105
32587127-2	2020	The secretion of Cl- and HCO3- is mainly regulated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or via the calciumactivated Cl- channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1) in nasal gland serous cells.	Bicarbonates	25-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
32587127-2	2020	The secretion of Cl- and HCO3- is mainly regulated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or via the calciumactivated Cl- channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1) in nasal gland serous cells.	Bicarbonates	25-30	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
32512832-2	2020	Our aim was to establish and characterize co-culture models of human CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cell lines expressing a wild-type (WT) or mutant (deltaF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel with human vascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	284-295	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	201-205
32347156-2	2020	Of the three IC subtypes identified, type B intercalated cells are one of the best characterized and known to mediate Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion, largely through the anion exchanger pendrin.	Bicarbonates	137-142	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	190-197
32347156-3	2020	This exchanger is thought to act in tandem with the Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, NDCBE, to mediate net NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	87-92
32347156-6	2020	In some rodent models, pendrin-mediated HCO3- secretion modulates acid-base balance.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	23-30
32196140-4	2020	Bare ILs or IL solutions contains almost invariable significant amounts of water and by interaction with CO2generates carbonates/bicarbonates rather than carbamic acids or amidates.	Bicarbonates	129-141	complement C2	Homo sapiens	105-108
32583043-1	2021	Carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8), an isozyme of alpha-carbonic anhydrases, lacks the ability to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and proton.	Bicarbonates	134-145	carbonic anhydrase 8	Homo sapiens	0-20
32583043-1	2021	Carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8), an isozyme of alpha-carbonic anhydrases, lacks the ability to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and proton.	Bicarbonates	134-145	carbonic anhydrase 8	Homo sapiens	22-25
31960927-11	2020	These results indicate that bicarbonate enhanced the inflammatory response through the JAK/STAT signaling in LPS+IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages.	Bicarbonates	28-39	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	109-112
32119864-5	2020	Here, we aimed to (i) confirm that SLC26A7 can function as chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and (ii) examine the behavior of SLC26A7 relative to kAE1 wild type or carrying the dRTA mutation R901X in iso- or hyper-osmotic conditions mimicking the renal medulla.	Bicarbonates	68-79	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	35-42
32119864-8	2020	When SLC26A7 protein was co-expressed with kAE1 WT or the R901X dRTA mutant, the cellular chloride/bicarbonate exchange rate was not additive compared to when proteins are expressed individually, possibly reflecting a decreased overall protein expression.	Bicarbonates	99-110	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	5-12
32119864-10	2020	Together, these results show that (i) in MDCK cells, SLC26A7 is a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger whose abundance is up-regulated by high osmolarity growth medium and (ii) acidic extracellular pH decreases the abundance of SLC26A7 protein.	Bicarbonates	75-86	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	53-60
32119864-10	2020	Together, these results show that (i) in MDCK cells, SLC26A7 is a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger whose abundance is up-regulated by high osmolarity growth medium and (ii) acidic extracellular pH decreases the abundance of SLC26A7 protein.	Bicarbonates	75-86	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	222-229
31960927-0	2020	Bicarbonate enhances the inflammatory response by activating JAK/STAT signaling in LPS+IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages.	Bicarbonates	0-11	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	83-86
31960927-0	2020	Bicarbonate enhances the inflammatory response by activating JAK/STAT signaling in LPS+IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages.	Bicarbonates	0-11	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	87-96
32493281-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Fluid challenge with 6% hydroxyethyl starch and 5% albumin showed significantly larger volume and hemodynamic effects compared to bicarbonate Ringer solution during gastrointestinal surgery.	Bicarbonates	143-154	albumin	Homo sapiens	64-71
32119864-0	2020	SLC26A7 protein is a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger and its abundance is osmolarity- and pH-dependent in renal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	30-41	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
31960927-11	2020	These results indicate that bicarbonate enhanced the inflammatory response through the JAK/STAT signaling in LPS+IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages.	Bicarbonates	28-39	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	113-122
32088595-7	2020	The conformation formed between 5 min to 60 min after the addition of Cr(III) to apoTf at pH 7.4 in 25 mM bicarbonate resembles the conformation of Cr(III)2-Tf in its complex with Tf receptor (TfR) and loses Cr(III) rapidly at endosomal pH, although not as fast as the Tf-TfR complex.	Bicarbonates	106-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	84-86
32439937-0	2020	Correctors modify the bicarbonate permeability of F508del-CFTR.	Bicarbonates	22-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
32439937-5	2020	Interestingly, the permeability of bicarbonate increases in the cells containing corrected p.F508del CFTR channels is greater than the increase of the halide permeability.	Bicarbonates	35-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
32439937-6	2020	These different increases of the permeability of bicarbonate and halides are consistent with the concept that the structural conformation of the pore of the corrector-rescued p.F508del channels would be different than the normal wild type CFTR protein.	Bicarbonates	49-60	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	239-243
32116023-13	2020	The role of SNX27 on the activity and recycling of the intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger DRA has not yet been studied.	Bicarbonates	70-74	sorting nexin 27	Homo sapiens	12-17
32168387-6	2020	Based on previous studies, HLA3 clearly plays a meaningful role in HCO3 - transport, but the function of LCI1 has not yet been thoroughly investigated so remains somewhat obscure.	Bicarbonates	67-71	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	27-31
32113084-1	2020	Human bestrophin-1 (hBest1) is a transmembrane Ca2+- dependent anion channel, associated with the transport of Cl-, HCO3- ions, gamma-aminobutiric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), and regulation of retinal homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	116-120	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	6-18
32113084-1	2020	Human bestrophin-1 (hBest1) is a transmembrane Ca2+- dependent anion channel, associated with the transport of Cl-, HCO3- ions, gamma-aminobutiric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), and regulation of retinal homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	116-120	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	20-26
32088595-7	2020	The conformation formed between 5 min to 60 min after the addition of Cr(III) to apoTf at pH 7.4 in 25 mM bicarbonate resembles the conformation of Cr(III)2-Tf in its complex with Tf receptor (TfR) and loses Cr(III) rapidly at endosomal pH, although not as fast as the Tf-TfR complex.	Bicarbonates	106-117	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	180-191
32088595-7	2020	The conformation formed between 5 min to 60 min after the addition of Cr(III) to apoTf at pH 7.4 in 25 mM bicarbonate resembles the conformation of Cr(III)2-Tf in its complex with Tf receptor (TfR) and loses Cr(III) rapidly at endosomal pH, although not as fast as the Tf-TfR complex.	Bicarbonates	106-117	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	193-196
32088595-7	2020	The conformation formed between 5 min to 60 min after the addition of Cr(III) to apoTf at pH 7.4 in 25 mM bicarbonate resembles the conformation of Cr(III)2-Tf in its complex with Tf receptor (TfR) and loses Cr(III) rapidly at endosomal pH, although not as fast as the Tf-TfR complex.	Bicarbonates	106-117	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	272-275
32227118-10	2020	The contribution of intestinal NHE3 to acid-base and Na+ homeostasis under normal conditions becomes evident in NHE3IEC-KO mice that have metabolic acidosis, lower blood bicarbonate levels, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia associated with drastically elevated plasma aldosterone levels.	Bicarbonates	170-181	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	31-35
32066909-2	2020	The hypoxia-regulated transmembrane protein, carbonic anhydrase CA9, converts carbon dioxide produced by the Krebs cycle to bicarbonate and protons that acidify the extracellular milieu.	Bicarbonates	124-135	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	64-67
31146646-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumour-associated, hypoxia-induced, membrane-bound metallo-enzyme which catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and proton (H+) ions.	Bicarbonates	168-179	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-21
32034107-2	2020	The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin in beta-intercalated cells, along with sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) in distal convoluted tubules, complementarily regulate sodium chloride handling, which is controlled by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.	Bicarbonates	13-24	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	35-42
31146646-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumour-associated, hypoxia-induced, membrane-bound metallo-enzyme which catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and proton (H+) ions.	Bicarbonates	168-179	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	23-27
31146646-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumour-associated, hypoxia-induced, membrane-bound metallo-enzyme which catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and proton (H+) ions.	Bicarbonates	181-185	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-21
31146646-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumour-associated, hypoxia-induced, membrane-bound metallo-enzyme which catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and proton (H+) ions.	Bicarbonates	181-185	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	23-27
32078413-5	2020	Downstream metabolism of [1-13C]pyruvate via PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase, [13C]bicarbonate), lactate dehydrogenase ([1-13C]lactate), and alanine transaminase ([1-13C]alanine) was assessed.	Bicarbonates	79-90	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
32051209-2	2020	PPC combines phosphoenolpyruvate with CO2 (as HCO3 -), forming oxaloacetate.	Bicarbonates	46-52	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
32244293-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	107-111	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
32244293-1	2020	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	107-111	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
31994896-3	2020	In this study, we determined if newly developed high-speed microscopic optical coherence tomography (mOCT) is sensitive to detect and compare in vivo effects of inhaled isotonic saline, hypertonic saline and bicarbonate on mucus mobilization and clearance in Scnn1b-transgenic mice with muco-obstructive lung disease.	Bicarbonates	208-219	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 beta	Mus musculus	259-265
32168979-5	2020	We also demonstrate the ability of the bicarbonate sensory cellular test system to measure intracellular bicarbonate concentration changes in response to activation and specific inhibition of wild-type human CFTR protein when co-expressed with the bicarbonate sensing and reporting units in living cells.	Bicarbonates	39-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	208-212
32168979-5	2020	We also demonstrate the ability of the bicarbonate sensory cellular test system to measure intracellular bicarbonate concentration changes in response to activation and specific inhibition of wild-type human CFTR protein when co-expressed with the bicarbonate sensing and reporting units in living cells.	Bicarbonates	105-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	208-212
32168979-5	2020	We also demonstrate the ability of the bicarbonate sensory cellular test system to measure intracellular bicarbonate concentration changes in response to activation and specific inhibition of wild-type human CFTR protein when co-expressed with the bicarbonate sensing and reporting units in living cells.	Bicarbonates	105-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	208-212
32168979-6	2020	A valuable benefit of the bicarbonate sensory cellular test system could be the screening of novel anionophore library compounds for bicarbonate transport activity with efficiencies close to the natural anion channel CFTR, which is not functional in the respiratory epithelia of cystic fibrosis patients.	Bicarbonates	26-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	217-221
32168979-6	2020	A valuable benefit of the bicarbonate sensory cellular test system could be the screening of novel anionophore library compounds for bicarbonate transport activity with efficiencies close to the natural anion channel CFTR, which is not functional in the respiratory epithelia of cystic fibrosis patients.	Bicarbonates	133-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	217-221
31886722-2	2020	Our results have revealed a complex set of mechanisms consisting in 1) well-known PiT1/PiT2-mediated sodium-dependent Pi transport; 2) Slc20-unrelated sodium-dependent Pi transport that is sensitive to the stilbene derivatives 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and (4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate) (SITS); 3) a sodium-independent Pi uptake system that is competitively inhibited by sulfate, bicarbonate, and arsenate and is weakly inhibited by DIDS, SITS, and phosphonoformate; and 4) an exit pathway from the cell that is partially chloride-dependent and unrelated to the known anion-exchangers expressed in VSMC.	Bicarbonates	436-447	POU class 1 homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
32269432-13	2020	Patients who received bicarbonate supplementation displayed increased serum albumin levels compared with the controls.	Bicarbonates	22-33	albumin	Homo sapiens	76-83
31841389-8	2020	Ammonia and bicarbonate are mostly reabsorbed in the medullary TAL, whereas calcium and magnesium are mostly reabsorbed in the cortical TAL.	Bicarbonates	12-23	transaldolase 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
31868639-5	2020	This is due to the presence of organic and inorganic matter (bicarbonates, nitrates, and chlorides) in surface and tap water, that react with the radicals generated, which reduces the availability of radical species, generating competitive kinetics.	Bicarbonates	61-73	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
32080230-1	2020	Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) regulates bicarbonate secretion, detoxifies lipopolysaccharide (LPS), regulates gut microbes, and dephosphorylates proinflammatory nucleotides.	Bicarbonates	48-59	alkaline phosphatase 3, intestine, not Mn requiring	Mus musculus	0-31
32080230-1	2020	Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) regulates bicarbonate secretion, detoxifies lipopolysaccharide (LPS), regulates gut microbes, and dephosphorylates proinflammatory nucleotides.	Bicarbonates	48-59	alkaline phosphatase 3, intestine, not Mn requiring	Mus musculus	33-36
31886722-2	2020	Our results have revealed a complex set of mechanisms consisting in 1) well-known PiT1/PiT2-mediated sodium-dependent Pi transport; 2) Slc20-unrelated sodium-dependent Pi transport that is sensitive to the stilbene derivatives 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and (4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate) (SITS); 3) a sodium-independent Pi uptake system that is competitively inhibited by sulfate, bicarbonate, and arsenate and is weakly inhibited by DIDS, SITS, and phosphonoformate; and 4) an exit pathway from the cell that is partially chloride-dependent and unrelated to the known anion-exchangers expressed in VSMC.	Bicarbonates	436-447	solute carrier family 20 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
31980072-3	2020	report the role of the Kir4.2 K+-channel, localized at the basolateral membrane of proximal tubules, in the reabsorption of bicarbonate and the modulation of renal ammoniagenesis.	Bicarbonates	124-135	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 15	Homo sapiens	23-29
31444588-11	2020	The high positive loadings of PC1 (Cl-, TDS, SO42-, Na+, NO3-, Mg2+ and HCO3-) stand for processes of silicate weathering and dissolution, ion exchange and evaporation, and the influence of domestic waste waters, irrigation return flows and chemical fertilizers on the groundwater system, the PC2 (F- and pH) signifies the alkaline nature of groundwater, which causes fluorosis, and the PC3 (K+) is a result of potassium fertilizers.	Bicarbonates	72-77	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
31444588-11	2020	The high positive loadings of PC1 (Cl-, TDS, SO42-, Na+, NO3-, Mg2+ and HCO3-) stand for processes of silicate weathering and dissolution, ion exchange and evaporation, and the influence of domestic waste waters, irrigation return flows and chemical fertilizers on the groundwater system, the PC2 (F- and pH) signifies the alkaline nature of groundwater, which causes fluorosis, and the PC3 (K+) is a result of potassium fertilizers.	Bicarbonates	72-77	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	293-296
31444588-11	2020	The high positive loadings of PC1 (Cl-, TDS, SO42-, Na+, NO3-, Mg2+ and HCO3-) stand for processes of silicate weathering and dissolution, ion exchange and evaporation, and the influence of domestic waste waters, irrigation return flows and chemical fertilizers on the groundwater system, the PC2 (F- and pH) signifies the alkaline nature of groundwater, which causes fluorosis, and the PC3 (K+) is a result of potassium fertilizers.	Bicarbonates	72-77	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	387-390
31870500-0	2020	Defective bicarbonate reabsorption in Kir4.2 potassium channel deficient mice impairs acid-base balance and ammonia excretion.	Bicarbonates	10-21	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15	Mus musculus	38-44
31870500-3	2020	In mice, Kir4.2 was present exclusively at the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells and disruption of Kcnj15 caused a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis associated with a reduced threshold for bicarbonate in the absence of a generalized proximal tubule dysfunction.	Bicarbonates	202-213	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15	Mus musculus	112-118
31721070-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature.	Bicarbonates	118-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-55
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	162-173	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	14-31
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	162-173	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	33-36
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	162-173	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-45
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	175-181	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	14-31
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	175-181	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	33-36
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	175-181	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-45
31906971-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Genetic disruption of slc4a10, which encodes the sodium-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchanger Ncbe, leads to a major decrease in Na+-dependent HCO3- import into choroid plexus epithelial cells in mice and to a marked reduction in brain intraventricular fluid volume.	Bicarbonates	87-98	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	34-41
31917826-5	2020	We could suppress pathogen susceptibility in pbo-1 mutants by treating the animals with pH-buffering bicarbonate, suggesting the pathogen susceptibility is a function of the acidity of the intestinal pH.	Bicarbonates	101-112	Uncharacterized protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	45-50
31917826-8	2020	We show that pbo-1 mutants exhibited decreased H2O2 in response to pathogens, which could also be partially restored in pbo-1 animals treated with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	147-158	Uncharacterized protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	13-18
31917826-8	2020	We show that pbo-1 mutants exhibited decreased H2O2 in response to pathogens, which could also be partially restored in pbo-1 animals treated with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	147-158	Uncharacterized protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	120-125
31906971-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Genetic disruption of slc4a10, which encodes the sodium-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchanger Ncbe, leads to a major decrease in Na+-dependent HCO3- import into choroid plexus epithelial cells in mice and to a marked reduction in brain intraventricular fluid volume.	Bicarbonates	158-162	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	34-41
31561038-6	2020	RESULTS: Among the WNK1, SPAK, and OSR1 kinases that constitute a [Cl-]i-sensitive kinase cascade, the expression of WNK1 alone was sufficient to increase the CFTR bicarbonate permeability (PHCO3/PCl) and conductance (GHCO3) in patch clamp recordings.	Bicarbonates	164-175	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
31752000-13	2020	Patients in the high bicarbonate group had a significant reduction of plasma myostatin levels, a surrogate of muscle degradation, at the study exit after adjusting for baseline values (-3,137.8; 95% CI -6,235.3 to -40.4 pg/mL, p= 0.04), but unaltered insulin-like growth factor-1 level, as the mediator of muscle cell growth, (141 [106-156] to 110 [87-144] ng/mL, p = 0.13) compared to the control group.	Bicarbonates	21-32	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	251-279
31561038-0	2020	Regulation of CFTR Bicarbonate Channel Activity by WNK1: Implications for Pancreatitis and CFTR-related disorders.	Bicarbonates	19-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
31561038-6	2020	RESULTS: Among the WNK1, SPAK, and OSR1 kinases that constitute a [Cl-]i-sensitive kinase cascade, the expression of WNK1 alone was sufficient to increase the CFTR bicarbonate permeability (PHCO3/PCl) and conductance (GHCO3) in patch clamp recordings.	Bicarbonates	164-175	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
31561038-0	2020	Regulation of CFTR Bicarbonate Channel Activity by WNK1: Implications for Pancreatitis and CFTR-related disorders.	Bicarbonates	19-30	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
31561038-0	2020	Regulation of CFTR Bicarbonate Channel Activity by WNK1: Implications for Pancreatitis and CFTR-related disorders.	Bicarbonates	19-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
31561038-6	2020	RESULTS: Among the WNK1, SPAK, and OSR1 kinases that constitute a [Cl-]i-sensitive kinase cascade, the expression of WNK1 alone was sufficient to increase the CFTR bicarbonate permeability (PHCO3/PCl) and conductance (GHCO3) in patch clamp recordings.	Bicarbonates	164-175	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	159-163
31561038-1	2020	BACKGRAOUD &amp; AIMS: Aberrant epithelial bicarbonate (HCO3-) secretion caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is associated with several diseases including cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	43-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-151
31561038-1	2020	BACKGRAOUD &amp; AIMS: Aberrant epithelial bicarbonate (HCO3-) secretion caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is associated with several diseases including cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	43-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	153-157
31754830-0	2020	The functional association between the sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) and the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) modulates cardiac contractility.	Bicarbonates	46-57	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	86-110
32303171-0	2020	Roles of Up-Regulated Expression of ASIC3 in Sex Difference of Acid-Induced Duodenal HCO3- Responses.	Bicarbonates	85-89	acid sensing ion channel subunit 3	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
32303171-13	2020	In conclusion, the acidinduced HCO3 - response is greater in female than male rats, and this phenomenon is not due to changes in PGE2 sensitivity or TRPV1/CFTR expressions, but may be accounted for by increased expression of ASIC3 on sensory neurons, which is associated with the chronic influence of estrogen.	Bicarbonates	31-35	acid sensing ion channel subunit 3	Rattus norvegicus	225-230
31754830-0	2020	The functional association between the sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) and the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) modulates cardiac contractility.	Bicarbonates	46-57	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
31532720-6	2019	Consistent with these observations, disruption of Slc26a6 also significantly reduced HCO3- secretion by the pancreas approximately 35%.	Bicarbonates	85-89	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	50-57
31514895-15	2020	We also monitored conductivity of acid-base reaction in the microfluidic paper channels, which was later applied to the quantification of bicarbonate in water and in antacid tablet ("Soda Mint Tablet").	Bicarbonates	138-149	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	188-192
31483700-6	2019	We and others have previously shown impaired chloride absorption in infectious diarrhea due to dysregulation of SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)], the human intestinal apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger protein.	Bicarbonates	195-199	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	112-119
32061340-1	2020	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel responsible for the direct transport of bicarbonate and chloride.	Bicarbonates	123-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
32061340-1	2020	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel responsible for the direct transport of bicarbonate and chloride.	Bicarbonates	123-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
31699897-5	2019	Specifically, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ZIP8 and ZIP14 coincided with a decrease in Mn uptake, and kinetic analyses revealed that Mn uptake depends on pH and bicarbonate and is up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), all biochemical markers of ZIP8 or ZIP14 activity.	Bicarbonates	160-171	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	42-46
31818021-12	2019	We showed a significant reduction of serum uric acid (SUA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients treated with LPD and inulin (p = 0.018 and p = 0.003, respectively), an improvement in SF-36 (physical role functioning and general health perceptions; p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), and a significant increase of serum bicarbonate both in patients treated with LPD (p = 0.026) or with LPD and inulin (p = 0.01).	Bicarbonates	326-337	Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) and pleckstrin homology domains 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
31532720-0	2019	Slc26a6 is an apical membrane anion exchanger that drives HCO3--dependent fluid secretion in murine pancreatic acinar cells.	Bicarbonates	58-62	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
31532720-1	2019	The nonselective anion exchanger Slc26a6, also known as Pat-1 and CFEX, is a thought to play a major role in HCO3- transport in exocrine glands.	Bicarbonates	109-113	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	33-40
31532720-1	2019	The nonselective anion exchanger Slc26a6, also known as Pat-1 and CFEX, is a thought to play a major role in HCO3- transport in exocrine glands.	Bicarbonates	109-113	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	56-61
31532720-1	2019	The nonselective anion exchanger Slc26a6, also known as Pat-1 and CFEX, is a thought to play a major role in HCO3- transport in exocrine glands.	Bicarbonates	109-113	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	66-70
31532720-5	2019	The secretion of pancreatic juice by Slc26a6+/+ mice was dependent on HCO3-, while in contrast, fluid secretion by Slc26a6-/- mice was independent of HCO3- suggesting that Slc26a6 mediates the HCO3--dependent component of fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	37-44
31532720-7	2019	Taken together, these results demonstrate that the apical Slc26a6 anion exchanger in acinar cells is involved in HCO3--dependent fluid secretion but that another major HCO3--independent pathway is the primary driver of the fluid secretion process in the mouse pancreas.	Bicarbonates	113-117	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	58-65
31532720-7	2019	Taken together, these results demonstrate that the apical Slc26a6 anion exchanger in acinar cells is involved in HCO3--dependent fluid secretion but that another major HCO3--independent pathway is the primary driver of the fluid secretion process in the mouse pancreas.	Bicarbonates	168-172	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	58-65
31750613-4	2019	In this work, applying scanning flow cytometry, we observed experimentally for the first time the dynamics behind a significant increase of HCO3 - /Cl- transmembrane exchange rate of CDB3 (main anion exchanger, AE1, Band 3, SLC4A1) of human erythrocytes in the presence of nifedipine in blood.	Bicarbonates	140-144	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	211-222
31750613-4	2019	In this work, applying scanning flow cytometry, we observed experimentally for the first time the dynamics behind a significant increase of HCO3 - /Cl- transmembrane exchange rate of CDB3 (main anion exchanger, AE1, Band 3, SLC4A1) of human erythrocytes in the presence of nifedipine in blood.	Bicarbonates	140-144	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	224-230
31827278-6	2019	Oncogenic RAS promotes the translocation of V-ATPase from intracellular membranes to the plasma membrane via a pathway that requires the activation of protein kinase A by a bicarbonate-dependent soluble adenylate cyclase.	Bicarbonates	173-184	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	44-52
30914450-10	2019	Proteomic alterations in penetrable mucus samples included a reduction of the SLC26A3 apical membrane anion exchanger, which supplies bicarbonate required for colonic mucin barrier formation.	Bicarbonates	134-145	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	78-85
31067852-9	2019	Younger age, lower GCSS, higher glucose and HA1c, lower pH, and bicarbonate serum levels were the risk factors associated with higher NSE in our patients.	Bicarbonates	64-75	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	134-137
31659725-5	2019	The role of the CFTR protein as an ion channel transporting chloride and bicarbonate and its repercussions on different epithelial cell-lined organs and mucus are now better understood.	Bicarbonates	73-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-20
30835861-1	2019	The enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1; EC 6.3.4.16) forms carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, ammonia, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is activated allosterically by N-acetylglutamate.	Bicarbonates	95-106	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	11-43
31690738-1	2019	The Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCn1/SLC4A7 can affect glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons.	Bicarbonates	7-11	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
31690738-1	2019	The Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCn1/SLC4A7 can affect glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons.	Bicarbonates	7-11	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	32-38
31729973-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with more biocompatible hemodialysis procedure as low-flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E - loaded dialyzers, reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity and nitric oxide formation when compared to both low-flux bicarbonate hemodialysis and hemodialfitration.	Bicarbonates	86-97	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	154-183
31690045-1	2019	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) is a Zinc (Zn 2 + ) metalloenzyme responsible for maintenance of acid-base balance within the body through the reversible hydration of CO 2 to produce protons (H + ) and bicarbonate (BCT).	Bicarbonates	206-217	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
31690045-1	2019	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) is a Zinc (Zn 2 + ) metalloenzyme responsible for maintenance of acid-base balance within the body through the reversible hydration of CO 2 to produce protons (H + ) and bicarbonate (BCT).	Bicarbonates	206-217	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
31690045-1	2019	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) is a Zinc (Zn 2 + ) metalloenzyme responsible for maintenance of acid-base balance within the body through the reversible hydration of CO 2 to produce protons (H + ) and bicarbonate (BCT).	Bicarbonates	219-222	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
31690045-1	2019	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) is a Zinc (Zn 2 + ) metalloenzyme responsible for maintenance of acid-base balance within the body through the reversible hydration of CO 2 to produce protons (H + ) and bicarbonate (BCT).	Bicarbonates	219-222	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
31437644-8	2019	With the addition of HCO3- (1-5 mM) or Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM, 2-10 mg L-1), the k values were substantially decreased by a factor of 1.8-70 to 1.69 x 10-3-6.67 x 10-2 min-1, probably due to screening effect of HCO3- or SRNOM sorbed on ZnO nanowires and scavenging of free radicals by free HCO3- or SRNOM in solution.	Bicarbonates	21-25	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	190-195
30835861-1	2019	The enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1; EC 6.3.4.16) forms carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, ammonia, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is activated allosterically by N-acetylglutamate.	Bicarbonates	95-106	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	45-49
31745411-3	2019	Homozygous CFTR gene mutation results in viscous and acidic bile secretions secondary to deficient surface fluid and bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	117-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
31569818-6	2019	These changes correlated with a lower expression of ion-exchanger genes, namely, CAII, NBC1, and AE1, which are involved in bicarbonate kidney reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	124-135	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
31279194-8	2019	Cerium removal was found to be related to the HCO3- concentration in solution, where Ce precipitated as Ce2(CO3)3 XH2O and as an amorphous carbonate phase.	Bicarbonates	46-50	carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
31540709-1	2019	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is responsible for the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	59-70	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
31540709-1	2019	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is responsible for the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	59-70	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
31715083-3	2019	A similar pathogenesis cascade is observed in all of these organs: loss of CFTR function leads to altered ion transport, consisting of decreased chloride and bicarbonate secretion via the CFTR channel and increased sodium absorption via epithelial sodium channel upregulation.	Bicarbonates	158-169	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
31715088-3	2019	CFTR primarily functions as a chloride channel that transports ions across the apical membrane of epithelial cells but has other functions, including bicarbonate secretion and inhibition of sodium transport.	Bicarbonates	150-161	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
31569818-6	2019	These changes correlated with a lower expression of ion-exchanger genes, namely, CAII, NBC1, and AE1, which are involved in bicarbonate kidney reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	124-135	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
31569818-6	2019	These changes correlated with a lower expression of ion-exchanger genes, namely, CAII, NBC1, and AE1, which are involved in bicarbonate kidney reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	124-135	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
31366734-0	2019	The bicarbonate/carbon dioxide pair increases hydrogen peroxide-mediated hyperoxidation of human peroxiredoxin 1.	Bicarbonates	4-15	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	97-112
31366734-5	2019	Among the human Prxs, Prx1 has an intermediate susceptibility to H2O2 and was selected here to investigate the effect of a physiological concentration of HCO3 -/CO2 (25 mm) on its hyperoxidation.	Bicarbonates	154-158	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
31366734-6	2019	Immunoblotting and kinetic and MS/MS experiments revealed that HCO3 -/CO2 increases Prx1 hyperoxidation and inactivation both in the presence of excess H2O2 and during enzymatic (NADPH/thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin) and chemical (DTT) turnover.	Bicarbonates	63-67	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
31366734-6	2019	Immunoblotting and kinetic and MS/MS experiments revealed that HCO3 -/CO2 increases Prx1 hyperoxidation and inactivation both in the presence of excess H2O2 and during enzymatic (NADPH/thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin) and chemical (DTT) turnover.	Bicarbonates	63-67	peroxiredoxin 5	Homo sapiens	185-206
31366734-6	2019	Immunoblotting and kinetic and MS/MS experiments revealed that HCO3 -/CO2 increases Prx1 hyperoxidation and inactivation both in the presence of excess H2O2 and during enzymatic (NADPH/thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin) and chemical (DTT) turnover.	Bicarbonates	63-67	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	185-196
31366734-8	2019	The fact that the biologically ubiquitous HCO3 -/CO2 pair stimulates Prx1 hyperoxidation and inactivation bears relevance to Prx1 functions beyond its antioxidant activity.	Bicarbonates	42-46	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
31366734-8	2019	The fact that the biologically ubiquitous HCO3 -/CO2 pair stimulates Prx1 hyperoxidation and inactivation bears relevance to Prx1 functions beyond its antioxidant activity.	Bicarbonates	42-46	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
31389695-1	2019	The chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (downregulated in adenoma) is expressed mainly in colonic epithelium, where it dehydrates the stool by facilitating the final step of chloride and fluid absorption.	Bicarbonates	13-24	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	35-42
31532390-1	2019	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Bicarbonates	186-197	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	71-122
31532390-1	2019	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Bicarbonates	186-197	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-128
31532390-1	2019	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Bicarbonates	186-197	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	159-163
31241993-1	2019	LPS inhibits HCO3- absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway that is upregulated by sepsis.	Bicarbonates	13-17	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	85-105
31241993-1	2019	LPS inhibits HCO3- absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway that is upregulated by sepsis.	Bicarbonates	13-17	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	107-111
31241993-1	2019	LPS inhibits HCO3- absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway that is upregulated by sepsis.	Bicarbonates	13-17	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	148-153
31241993-1	2019	LPS inhibits HCO3- absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway that is upregulated by sepsis.	Bicarbonates	13-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	194-197
31241993-11	2019	Tollip, in turn, inhibits LPS-induced TLR4 signaling by suppressing activation of IRAK-1, thereby preventing activation of ERK that inhibits HCO3- absorption.	Bicarbonates	141-145	toll interacting protein	Mus musculus	0-6
31241993-11	2019	Tollip, in turn, inhibits LPS-induced TLR4 signaling by suppressing activation of IRAK-1, thereby preventing activation of ERK that inhibits HCO3- absorption.	Bicarbonates	141-145	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	38-42
31241993-11	2019	Tollip, in turn, inhibits LPS-induced TLR4 signaling by suppressing activation of IRAK-1, thereby preventing activation of ERK that inhibits HCO3- absorption.	Bicarbonates	141-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	123-126
31227352-3	2019	Our results indicate that HCO3- may play a dual role to act 1) as a ligand to stabilize Cu(II), forming soluble [CuII(HCO3-)(S)]+ species to catalyze H2O2 producing hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide ion (O2-) and 2) as a OH scavenger.	Bicarbonates	26-30	TRAF3 interacting protein 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
30874987-2	2019	Therefore, we sought to examine whether ClC-2 channels play important roles in anion secretion, particularly duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS).	Bicarbonates	118-129	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	40-45
30874987-9	2019	Moreover, lubiprostone-induced HCO3- secretion was impaired in CFTR-/- mice compared to wild-type littermates.	Bicarbonates	31-35	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	63-67
31486928-3	2019	The transmembrane water channel AQP1 is important for cardiorespiratory endurance (CE) because it influences fluid transfers in erythrocytes, endothelial, and pulmonary cells and is vital for transport of ammonium, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, glycerol, nitric oxide, potassium ion, water, and trans-epithelial and renal water.	Bicarbonates	215-226	aquaporin 1	Mus musculus	32-36
31227352-3	2019	Our results indicate that HCO3- may play a dual role to act 1) as a ligand to stabilize Cu(II), forming soluble [CuII(HCO3-)(S)]+ species to catalyze H2O2 producing hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide ion (O2-) and 2) as a OH scavenger.	Bicarbonates	118-122	TRAF3 interacting protein 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
30738802-0	2019	Lumacaftor-rescued F508del-CFTR has a modified bicarbonate permeability.	Bicarbonates	47-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-31
31251081-2	2019	Activation of the secretin (Sct)/secretin receptor (SR) axis, expressed only by cholangiocytes, increases biliary proliferation, liver fibrosis, and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	149-160	secretin	Mus musculus	18-26
31251081-2	2019	Activation of the secretin (Sct)/secretin receptor (SR) axis, expressed only by cholangiocytes, increases biliary proliferation, liver fibrosis, and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	149-160	secretin receptor	Mus musculus	33-50
30738802-3	2019	We studied the permeability properties of the CFTR mutant F508del treated with the corrector lumacaftor, showing that the rescued protein has selectivity properties different than the wild type CFTR, showing an augmented bicarbonate permeability.	Bicarbonates	221-232	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
30738802-3	2019	We studied the permeability properties of the CFTR mutant F508del treated with the corrector lumacaftor, showing that the rescued protein has selectivity properties different than the wild type CFTR, showing an augmented bicarbonate permeability.	Bicarbonates	221-232	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	194-198
31311004-5	2019	When steady state was reached, insulin-stimulated mice were rapidly infused with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate for real-time tracking of the dynamic distribution of metabolic derivatives from pyruvate, such as [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]alanine and [13C]bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	251-262	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
30738802-5	2019	Our findings rather support the idea that a combination of correctors would be required to address the CFTR-dependent bicarbonate permeability.	Bicarbonates	118-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
31197039-0	2019	Bicarbonate is essential for protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) oxidation and cellular signaling through EGF-triggered phosphorylation cascades.	Bicarbonates	0-11	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	29-60
31391312-2	2019	Current models of the CCM postulate that a series of ion transporters bring HCO3 - from outside the cell to the thylakoid lumen, where the carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAH3) dehydrates accumulated HCO3 - to CO2, raising the CO2 concentration for Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco).	Bicarbonates	76-80	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	139-159
31391312-2	2019	Current models of the CCM postulate that a series of ion transporters bring HCO3 - from outside the cell to the thylakoid lumen, where the carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAH3) dehydrates accumulated HCO3 - to CO2, raising the CO2 concentration for Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco).	Bicarbonates	76-80	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	161-165
31391312-2	2019	Current models of the CCM postulate that a series of ion transporters bring HCO3 - from outside the cell to the thylakoid lumen, where the carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAH3) dehydrates accumulated HCO3 - to CO2, raising the CO2 concentration for Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco).	Bicarbonates	190-194	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	139-159
31391312-2	2019	Current models of the CCM postulate that a series of ion transporters bring HCO3 - from outside the cell to the thylakoid lumen, where the carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAH3) dehydrates accumulated HCO3 - to CO2, raising the CO2 concentration for Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco).	Bicarbonates	190-194	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	161-165
31391312-9	2019	We propose that these bestrophin-like proteins are essential components of the CCM that deliver HCO3 - accumulated in the chloroplast stroma to CAH3 inside the thylakoid lumen.	Bicarbonates	96-100	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	144-148
31197039-5	2019	The cellular experiments revealed that intracellular bicarbonate proportionally dictates total protein phosphotyrosine levels obtained after stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and that bicarbonate levels directly correlate with the extent of PTP1B oxidation.	Bicarbonates	53-64	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	158-181
31197039-5	2019	The cellular experiments revealed that intracellular bicarbonate proportionally dictates total protein phosphotyrosine levels obtained after stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and that bicarbonate levels directly correlate with the extent of PTP1B oxidation.	Bicarbonates	53-64	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	183-186
31197039-5	2019	The cellular experiments revealed that intracellular bicarbonate proportionally dictates total protein phosphotyrosine levels obtained after stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and that bicarbonate levels directly correlate with the extent of PTP1B oxidation.	Bicarbonates	197-208	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	254-259
31197039-0	2019	Bicarbonate is essential for protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) oxidation and cellular signaling through EGF-triggered phosphorylation cascades.	Bicarbonates	0-11	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
31197039-6	2019	In fact, EGF-induced cellular oxidation of PTP1B was completely dependent on the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	93-104	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	9-12
31197039-0	2019	Bicarbonate is essential for protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) oxidation and cellular signaling through EGF-triggered phosphorylation cascades.	Bicarbonates	0-11	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	110-113
31197039-6	2019	In fact, EGF-induced cellular oxidation of PTP1B was completely dependent on the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	93-104	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
31197039-4	2019	Here, using in vitro biochemical assays with purified, recombinant protein, along with experiments in the adenocarcinoma cell line A431, we discovered that bicarbonate, which reacts with H2O2 to form the more reactive peroxymonocarbonate, potently facilitates H2O2-mediated PTP1B inactivation in the presence of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) together with NADPH.	Bicarbonates	156-167	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	274-279
31197039-4	2019	Here, using in vitro biochemical assays with purified, recombinant protein, along with experiments in the adenocarcinoma cell line A431, we discovered that bicarbonate, which reacts with H2O2 to form the more reactive peroxymonocarbonate, potently facilitates H2O2-mediated PTP1B inactivation in the presence of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) together with NADPH.	Bicarbonates	156-167	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	312-335
31197039-4	2019	Here, using in vitro biochemical assays with purified, recombinant protein, along with experiments in the adenocarcinoma cell line A431, we discovered that bicarbonate, which reacts with H2O2 to form the more reactive peroxymonocarbonate, potently facilitates H2O2-mediated PTP1B inactivation in the presence of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) together with NADPH.	Bicarbonates	156-167	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	337-342
31197039-4	2019	Here, using in vitro biochemical assays with purified, recombinant protein, along with experiments in the adenocarcinoma cell line A431, we discovered that bicarbonate, which reacts with H2O2 to form the more reactive peroxymonocarbonate, potently facilitates H2O2-mediated PTP1B inactivation in the presence of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) together with NADPH.	Bicarbonates	156-167	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	345-358
31197039-4	2019	Here, using in vitro biochemical assays with purified, recombinant protein, along with experiments in the adenocarcinoma cell line A431, we discovered that bicarbonate, which reacts with H2O2 to form the more reactive peroxymonocarbonate, potently facilitates H2O2-mediated PTP1B inactivation in the presence of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) together with NADPH.	Bicarbonates	156-167	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	360-364
31197039-4	2019	Here, using in vitro biochemical assays with purified, recombinant protein, along with experiments in the adenocarcinoma cell line A431, we discovered that bicarbonate, which reacts with H2O2 to form the more reactive peroxymonocarbonate, potently facilitates H2O2-mediated PTP1B inactivation in the presence of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) together with NADPH.	Bicarbonates	156-167	peroxiredoxin 2	Homo sapiens	371-386
31197039-4	2019	Here, using in vitro biochemical assays with purified, recombinant protein, along with experiments in the adenocarcinoma cell line A431, we discovered that bicarbonate, which reacts with H2O2 to form the more reactive peroxymonocarbonate, potently facilitates H2O2-mediated PTP1B inactivation in the presence of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) together with NADPH.	Bicarbonates	156-167	peroxiredoxin 2	Homo sapiens	388-392
31166707-3	2019	NHE3-KO mice had higher urine pH, more bicarbonaturia, and compensating increases in renal mRNA expression for genes associated with generation of ammonium, bicarbonate, and glucose (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) in proximal tubules and H+ and ammonia secretion and glycolysis in distal tubules.	Bicarbonates	157-168	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	0-4
31282670-7	2019	Based on quantitative analysis of the impact on OMP degradation from cosolutes (including Cl-, HCO3-, NOM) as well as pH and NH2Cl doses, we developed a kinetic model for the prediction of OMP degradation in complex water matrices.	Bicarbonates	95-99	olfactory marker protein	Homo sapiens	48-51
31282670-7	2019	Based on quantitative analysis of the impact on OMP degradation from cosolutes (including Cl-, HCO3-, NOM) as well as pH and NH2Cl doses, we developed a kinetic model for the prediction of OMP degradation in complex water matrices.	Bicarbonates	95-99	olfactory marker protein	Homo sapiens	189-192
31166707-1	2019	Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) contributes to Na+/bicarbonate reabsorption and ammonium secretion in early proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	53-64	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	0-26
31166707-1	2019	Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) contributes to Na+/bicarbonate reabsorption and ammonium secretion in early proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	53-64	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	28-32
31042422-1	2019	Putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC26A6), an intestinal epithelial Cl-/ HCO3- exchanger, also plays a key role in oxalate homeostasis via mediating intestinal oxalate secretion.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
31166707-10	2019	This pattern was reversed in nondiabetic NHE3-KO mice, possibly reflecting branched-chain amino acids use for ammoniagenesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle upregulation to support formation of ammonia, bicarbonate, and glucose in proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	200-211	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	41-45
31042422-1	2019	Putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC26A6), an intestinal epithelial Cl-/ HCO3- exchanger, also plays a key role in oxalate homeostasis via mediating intestinal oxalate secretion.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
31039529-4	2019	The Ca-HCO3-type drinking water was identified as having high contents of As, pH and HCO3-, a medium-high content EC, and low concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, K+, and Cl-.	Bicarbonates	7-11	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	144-147
31042422-1	2019	Putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC26A6), an intestinal epithelial Cl-/ HCO3- exchanger, also plays a key role in oxalate homeostasis via mediating intestinal oxalate secretion.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	36-43
31127295-10	2019	SLC26A7 encodes a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger expressed in the renal outer medullary collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	27-38	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
31104127-6	2019	These results indicate that the cHNEC produces a large amount of CO2, which maintains a constant pHi even under the CO2/HCO3--free condition.	Bicarbonates	120-124	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	97-100
30986639-4	2019	In the absence of UV, decreasing pH promoted the release of Hg2+ from NaClO2-NH4OH; introducing NO, SO2, O2, Br-, Cl-, and HCO3- suppressed Hg0 oxidation.	Bicarbonates	123-127	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
31107610-3	2019	In the mammalian intestine, glucose is primarily absorbed by Na-glucose cotransport 1 (SGLT1) and coupled NaCl by the dual operation of Na-H exchange 3 (NHE3) and Cl-HCO3 [down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) or putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1)] exchange in the brush border membrane (BBM) of villus cells.	Bicarbonates	166-170	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
31107610-3	2019	In the mammalian intestine, glucose is primarily absorbed by Na-glucose cotransport 1 (SGLT1) and coupled NaCl by the dual operation of Na-H exchange 3 (NHE3) and Cl-HCO3 [down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) or putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1)] exchange in the brush border membrane (BBM) of villus cells.	Bicarbonates	166-170	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	237-241
31339488-5	2019	Our data illustrates conformational transitions of Slc26a9, supporting a rapid alternate-access mechanism which mediates uncoupled chloride transport with negligible bicarbonate or sulfate permeability.	Bicarbonates	166-177	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	51-58
31226314-6	2019	These findings testify that the main role of CAH3 in the vicinity of PSII is the acceleration of the HCO3- dehydration reaction.	Bicarbonates	101-105	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	45-49
31017011-10	2019	In fact, after adjustment for gastrointestinal anion absorption, urine pH declined more markedly, suggesting that bicarbonate-producing anion absorption is regulated in a manner that offsets the decline of urine pH.	Bicarbonates	114-125	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	71-73
31017011-10	2019	In fact, after adjustment for gastrointestinal anion absorption, urine pH declined more markedly, suggesting that bicarbonate-producing anion absorption is regulated in a manner that offsets the decline of urine pH.	Bicarbonates	114-125	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	212-214
30581063-0	2019	Bicarbonate Supplement Restores Urinary Klotho Excretion in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.	Bicarbonates	0-11	klotho	Homo sapiens	40-46
32039364-2	2019	AE2 encodes a Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger involved in biliary bicarbonate secretion and intracellular pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	55-66	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
31243019-5	2019	We found that KV7.1 is not involved in duodenal ion transport, while KCa3.1 selectively regulates duodenal Isc and HCO3 - secretion in a Ca2+-mediated but not cAMP-mediated manner.	Bicarbonates	115-119	potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4	Mus musculus	69-75
31243019-6	2019	Blockade of KCa3.1 increased the rate of HCO3 - fluxes via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels in SCBN cells.	Bicarbonates	41-45	potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4	Mus musculus	12-18
31243019-6	2019	Blockade of KCa3.1 increased the rate of HCO3 - fluxes via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels in SCBN cells.	Bicarbonates	41-45	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	59-110
31243019-6	2019	Blockade of KCa3.1 increased the rate of HCO3 - fluxes via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels in SCBN cells.	Bicarbonates	41-45	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	112-116
30742493-10	2019	The dependence of DeltapHi on pendrin suggests there is minimal electrical coupling between Cl- and HCO3- fluxes and that CFTR activation increases anion exchange-mediated HCO3- influx.	Bicarbonates	172-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	122-126
30982848-2	2019	Pendrin is a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that is highly expressed in thyroid, inner ear, and kidney.	Bicarbonates	17-21	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
30978113-12	2019	Based on the results from the present study, xenin-25-induced Cl-/ HCO3- secretion is involved in NTSR1 activation on intrinsic and extrinsic afferent neurons, followed by the release of SP and subsequent activation of NK1 expressed on noncholinergic VIP secretomotor neurons.	Bicarbonates	67-71	neurotensin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
30978113-12	2019	Based on the results from the present study, xenin-25-induced Cl-/ HCO3- secretion is involved in NTSR1 activation on intrinsic and extrinsic afferent neurons, followed by the release of SP and subsequent activation of NK1 expressed on noncholinergic VIP secretomotor neurons.	Bicarbonates	67-71	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	251-254
30978113-13	2019	Finally, the secreted VIP may activate VPAC1 on epithelial cells to induce Cl-/ HCO3- secretion in the rat ileum.	Bicarbonates	80-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
30978113-16	2019	We have found that nutrient-stimulated xenin-25 release may activate noncholinergic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) secretomotor neurons to promote Cl-/ HCO3- secretion through the activation of VIP receptor 1 on epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	161-165	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	84-117
30978113-16	2019	We have found that nutrient-stimulated xenin-25 release may activate noncholinergic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) secretomotor neurons to promote Cl-/ HCO3- secretion through the activation of VIP receptor 1 on epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	161-165	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
30742493-0	2019	Pendrin Mediates Bicarbonate Secretion and Enhances Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function in Airway Surface Epithelia.	Bicarbonates	17-28	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
30742493-12	2019	We conclude that pendrin mediates most HCO3- secretion across airway surface epithelium during inflammation and enhances electrogenic Cl- secretion via CFTR, as described for other SLC26A transporters.	Bicarbonates	39-43	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	17-24
30742493-1	2019	Bicarbonate facilitates mucin unpacking and bacterial killing; however, its transport mechanisms in the airways are not well understood.	Bicarbonates	0-11	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	24-29
30742493-3	2019	The anion exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) also mediates HCO3- efflux and is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines.	Bicarbonates	52-56	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	20-27
30715643-4	2019	Upregulated Na+,HCO3- cotransport is the predominant mechanism of net acid extrusion in human and murine breast cancer tissue, and in congruence, the protein expression of the electroneutral Na+,HCO3- cotransporter NBCn1 is increased in primary breast carcinomas and lymph node metastases compared to matched normal breast tissue.	Bicarbonates	16-20	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	215-220
30742493-3	2019	The anion exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) also mediates HCO3- efflux and is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines.	Bicarbonates	52-56	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	29-36
31001720-3	2019	In this study, we show that in mice the expression of the bicarbonate transporter Slc4a10/Ncbe/Nbcn2 in spiral ligament fibrocytes starts shortly before hearing onset.	Bicarbonates	58-69	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	82-89
31040187-5	2019	SLC4A4 encodes three major NBCe1 variants: NBCe1-A, NBCe1-B, and NBCe1-C. NBCe1-A is expressed in proximal tubule epithelia; its dysfunction causes the plasma bicarbonate insufficiency that underlies acidemia.	Bicarbonates	159-170	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	0-6
31086231-3	2019	Here we show that the Ca2+/HCO3--sensitive enzyme, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), links Ca2+ influx in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) to 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB).	Bicarbonates	27-31	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	262-304
31102971-1	2019	Carbonate radicals (CO3-) are generated by the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD, SOD-1).	Bicarbonates	47-58	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
31102971-5	2019	Solutions containing PGR (5-200 muM), SOD-1 (0.3-3 muM), H2O2 (2 mM) in bicarbonate buffer (200 mM, pH 7.4) showed a rapid loss of the PGR absorption band centered at 540 nm.	Bicarbonates	72-83	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	38-54
31086231-3	2019	Here we show that the Ca2+/HCO3--sensitive enzyme, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), links Ca2+ influx in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) to 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB).	Bicarbonates	27-31	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	306-310
30605394-7	2019	SS Kcnj16-/- rats chronically treated with bicarbonate or the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor hydrochlorothiazide had partial restoration of arterial pH, but there was a further reduction in the ventilatory response to hypercapnic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	43-54	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 16	Rattus norvegicus	3-9
30933490-7	2019	In depth investigation indicated that bicarbonate not only changed the Fe(VI)/SA complexation ratio from 1:2 to 1:1 but provided a stabilizing effect for Fe(V) intermediate formed in situ, enabling its degradation of SAs.	Bicarbonates	38-49	FEV transcription factor, ETS family member	Homo sapiens	154-159
30649746-1	2019	Plecanatide, a uroguanylin analog, activates the guanylate cyclase C receptors in the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract in a pH-dependent fashion initiating (1) the conversion of intracellular guanosine triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which increases the activity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to increase chloride and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen and (2) a decrease in activity of the sodium-hydrogen ion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	378-389	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	49-68
31145360-1	2019	Congenital chloride losing diarrhea (CCLD) is a rare type of chronic watery diarrhea due to mutations in SLC26A3 gene leading to defective chloride-bicarbonate exchanges with the resultant loss of chloride and retention of bicarbonate.We aim to define pediatric Saudi CCLD patients" characteristics to achieve prompt diagnosis, management, follow up with good quality of life, and prevention of complications in these patients.We carried retrospective data review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and outcome of all pediatric patients fulfilling the criteria of CCLD over 10 years from 2004 to 2014 from a single center in Taif region, Saudi Arabia.Forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria of CCLD from 21 families with more than one affected patient in the same family in 90% of them and positive consanguinity in 91% of the cohort.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
31145360-1	2019	Congenital chloride losing diarrhea (CCLD) is a rare type of chronic watery diarrhea due to mutations in SLC26A3 gene leading to defective chloride-bicarbonate exchanges with the resultant loss of chloride and retention of bicarbonate.We aim to define pediatric Saudi CCLD patients" characteristics to achieve prompt diagnosis, management, follow up with good quality of life, and prevention of complications in these patients.We carried retrospective data review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and outcome of all pediatric patients fulfilling the criteria of CCLD over 10 years from 2004 to 2014 from a single center in Taif region, Saudi Arabia.Forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria of CCLD from 21 families with more than one affected patient in the same family in 90% of them and positive consanguinity in 91% of the cohort.	Bicarbonates	223-234	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
31093276-6	2019	In both the SPC and SPPoC groups, there was a decrease in the ALT level and an increase in the bicarbonate and potassium serum levels.	Bicarbonates	95-106	surfactant protein C	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
30599064-4	2019	Alternatively, it was postulated that a reduced HCO3- transport through CFTR leads to a decreased ASL pH, favoring bacterial colonization.	Bicarbonates	48-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
30820921-6	2019	The addition of chlorides up to 250 mg/L did not significantly reduce the rate of reaction, while the presence of 250 mg/L bicarbonates reduced the observed kinetic constant from 0.071 to 0.0472 min-1.	Bicarbonates	123-135	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	195-200
30761610-1	2019	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe, monogenic, autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) gene, where disturbed chloride and bicarbonate transportation in epithelial cells results in a multiorgan disease with primarily pulmonary infections and pancreatic insufficiency.	Bicarbonates	182-193	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
30761610-1	2019	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe, monogenic, autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) gene, where disturbed chloride and bicarbonate transportation in epithelial cells results in a multiorgan disease with primarily pulmonary infections and pancreatic insufficiency.	Bicarbonates	182-193	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-145
30759615-6	2019	The interference of different coexisting anions on phosphate uptake followed the order as F- &gt; SiO32- &gt; HCO3- &gt; SO42- &gt; NO3- &gt; Cl-.	Bicarbonates	110-114	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	132-135
30933967-7	2019	This action is effectively counteracted when horizontal cells are sufficiently hyperpolarized by increased GABA receptor (GABAR)-mediated HCO3- efflux, alkalinizing the cleft and disinhibiting cone CaV channels.	Bicarbonates	138-142	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	107-120
30933967-7	2019	This action is effectively counteracted when horizontal cells are sufficiently hyperpolarized by increased GABA receptor (GABAR)-mediated HCO3- efflux, alkalinizing the cleft and disinhibiting cone CaV channels.	Bicarbonates	138-142	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	122-127
30170952-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: We present here the first field condition study to investigate the effect of bicarbonate ingestion over performance in BMX discipline.	Bicarbonates	90-101	BMX non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	132-135
30867598-1	2019	Loss-of-function mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) compromise epithelial HCO3- and Cl- secretion, reduce airway surface liquid pH, and impair respiratory host defences in people with cystic fibrosis1-3.	Bicarbonates	115-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-85
30867598-1	2019	Loss-of-function mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) compromise epithelial HCO3- and Cl- secretion, reduce airway surface liquid pH, and impair respiratory host defences in people with cystic fibrosis1-3.	Bicarbonates	115-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
30506451-4	2019	RESULTS: Insulin withdrawal increased levels of glucose (6.1 +- 0.5 vs 18.6 +- 0.5 mmol/l), NEFA, 3-OHB (127 +- 18 vs 1837 +- 298 mumol/l), glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone and decreased HCO3- and pH, without affecting catecholamine or cytokine levels.	Bicarbonates	192-196	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
30816203-1	2019	In the renal collecting duct, intercalated cells regulate acid-base balance by effluxing protons through the v-H+-ATPase, and bicarbonate via apical pendrin or the basolateral kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1).	Bicarbonates	126-137	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	149-156
30744098-1	2019	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl-/anion exchanger, is expressed at high levels in kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia, where it has an essential role in bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Bicarbonates	149-160	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
30644734-5	2019	Upon introduction of the insulin target, binding-induced steric hindrance quantitatively reduces the efficiency of electron transfer of a distal-end redox label leading to the rapid signal change within ~60 s. Testing demonstrates that the E-AB insulin exhibits a limit of detection of 20 nM and can be used to discriminate against both glucagon and somatostatin in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, typically used in perfusion experiments.	Bicarbonates	379-390	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
30789925-2	2019	Canalicular bicarbonate secretion, driven by the anion exchanger 2 (AE2), is an influential determinant of the canalicular bile salt-independent bile flow.	Bicarbonates	12-23	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-66
30789925-2	2019	Canalicular bicarbonate secretion, driven by the anion exchanger 2 (AE2), is an influential determinant of the canalicular bile salt-independent bile flow.	Bicarbonates	12-23	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
30789925-8	2019	In conclusion, our results point to the existence of a novel adaptive mechanism in cholestasis aimed to reduce biliary pressure, in which AE2 internalization in hepatocytes might result in decreased canalicular HCO3- output and decreased bile flow.	Bicarbonates	211-216	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
30783616-0	2019	Modes of Accessing Bicarbonate for the Regulation of Membrane Guanylate Cyclase (ROS-GC) in Retinal Rods and Cones.	Bicarbonates	19-30	guanylate cyclase	Bos taurus	62-79
30783616-0	2019	Modes of Accessing Bicarbonate for the Regulation of Membrane Guanylate Cyclase (ROS-GC) in Retinal Rods and Cones.	Bicarbonates	19-30	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Bos taurus	81-87
30783616-1	2019	The membrane guanylate cyclase, ROS-GC, that synthesizes cyclic GMP for use as a second messenger for visual transduction in retinal rods and cones, is stimulated by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	166-177	guanylate cyclase	Bos taurus	13-30
30783616-1	2019	The membrane guanylate cyclase, ROS-GC, that synthesizes cyclic GMP for use as a second messenger for visual transduction in retinal rods and cones, is stimulated by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	166-177	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Bos taurus	32-38
30767201-6	2019	Taken together, our results revealed that Slc4a7 targets to the apical membrane of mouse SMG duct cells where it contributes little if any to pH i regulation or stimulated HCO 3 - secretion.	Bicarbonates	172-177	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	42-48
30744098-1	2019	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl-/anion exchanger, is expressed at high levels in kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia, where it has an essential role in bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Bicarbonates	149-160	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-16
30141207-3	2019	We examined effects of endotoxin on expression and function of the type 3 inositol trisphosphate receptor (ITPR3), because this is the main intracellular Ca2+ release channel in cholangiocytes, and loss of it impairs ductular bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	226-237	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	107-112
30511819-1	2019	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), over-expressed on cancer cells, catalyzes CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, contributing to the acidic extracellular pH (pHe), which enhances the multidrug resistance of tumor cells.	Bicarbonates	80-91	carbonic anhydrase 9	Mus musculus	0-21
30511819-1	2019	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), over-expressed on cancer cells, catalyzes CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, contributing to the acidic extracellular pH (pHe), which enhances the multidrug resistance of tumor cells.	Bicarbonates	80-91	carbonic anhydrase 9	Mus musculus	23-28
30044950-7	2019	Suppression of sAC activity in cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells, either by sAC knockdown, by pharmacological inhibition or by withdrawal of bicarbonate, a natural sAC activator, compromised cell viability and recovery of cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis during reperfusion.	Bicarbonates	137-148	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
30291431-7	2019	The pHi pathway, which depends on CO2/HCO3-, increased CBF and CBA by 10%.	Bicarbonates	38-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	4-7
30291431-8	2019	This pathway activated HCO3- entry via Na+/HCO3- cotransport (NBC), leading to a pHi elevation, and was inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyano-2,2"-stilbenedisulfonic acid.	Bicarbonates	23-27	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	62-65
30291431-8	2019	This pathway activated HCO3- entry via Na+/HCO3- cotransport (NBC), leading to a pHi elevation, and was inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyano-2,2"-stilbenedisulfonic acid.	Bicarbonates	23-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	81-84
30530908-0	2019	Utilizing serum bicarbonate instead of venous pH to transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin shortens the duration of insulin infusion in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.	Bicarbonates	16-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
30530908-0	2019	Utilizing serum bicarbonate instead of venous pH to transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin shortens the duration of insulin infusion in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.	Bicarbonates	16-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
30530908-3	2019	We hypothesized that an institutional protocol change to determine correction of acidosis based on serum bicarbonate level instead of venous pH would shorten the duration of insulin infusion and decrease the number of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) therapies without an increase in adverse events.	Bicarbonates	105-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
30530908-7	2019	Duration of insulin infusion was shorter in the bicarbonate transition group (18.5 vs. 15.4 h, p=0.008).	Bicarbonates	48-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
30530908-10	2019	Conclusions Transitioning patients from IV to SC insulin based on serum bicarbonate instead of venous pH led to a shorter duration of insulin infusion with a reduction in the number of PICU therapies without an increase in the number of adverse events.	Bicarbonates	72-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
30675229-9	2019	Bioinformatically, 225 overlapping genes were selected as prospective target genes of miR-15b-5p in HCC, and profoundly enriched GO terms and KEGG pathway investigation in silico demonstrated that the target genes were associated with prostate cancer, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, heart trabecula formation, extracellular space, and interleukin-1 receptor activity.	Bicarbonates	268-279	microRNA 15b	Homo sapiens	86-93
30627906-0	2019	Effect of TRPV1 on Activity of Isoforms of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase during Regulation of Bicarbonate Secretion in the Stomach.	Bicarbonates	99-110	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
31027466-3	2019	CFTR, an adenosine triphosphate binding anion channel, has multiple functions, but primarily regulates the movement of chloride anions, thiocyanate and bicarbonate across luminal cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	152-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
29949063-6	2019	Both phases of the apical ATPe Isc response are sensitive to anion (HCO3-, Cl-) and cation (Na+) replacement.	Bicarbonates	68-73	ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	26-30
30032468-6	2019	Forskolin and P2Y2 receptor agonist markedly enhanced apical HCO3- secretion by control and omeprazole-treated monolayers.	Bicarbonates	61-65	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	14-18
30032468-7	2019	The P2Y2 receptor agonist suppressed Mg2+ transport and stimulated apical HCO3- secretion through the Gq-protein coupled-phospholipase C (PLC) dependent pathway.	Bicarbonates	74-78	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	4-8
30659943-2	2019	An area that has continued to be poorly understood is related to DRA regulation in acute adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-related diarrheas, in which DRA appears to be both inhibited as part of NaCl absorption and stimulated to contribute to increased HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	263-267	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
30472169-7	2019	The detected complexes in the cCa fraction are mainly Ca(eta2-HPO4)(H2O)4 and Ca(eta1-HCO3)(H2O)5+, in which HPO42- and HCO3- serve as bidentate and unidentate ligands, respectively.	Bicarbonates	86-90	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
30361244-2	2018	There are currently alternative hypotheses that attempt to describe the abnormally viscous and elastic mucus that is a hallmark of CF airways disease, including: 1) loss of CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-dependent airway surface volume (water) secretion, producing mucus hyperconcentration-dependent increased viscosity, and 2) impaired bicarbonate secretion by CFTR, producing acidification of airway surfaces and increased mucus viscosity.A series of experiments was conducted to determine the contributions of mucus concentration versus pH to the rheological properties of airway mucus across length scales from the nanoscopic to macroscopic.For length scales greater than the nanoscopic, i.e. those relevant to mucociliary clearance, the effect of mucus concentration dominated over the effect of airway acidification.Mucus hydration and chemical reduction of disulfide bonds that connect mucin monomers are more promising therapeutic approaches than alkalisation.	Bicarbonates	340-351	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	201-205
30674117-2	2018	The population growth of the species depends on the consumption of two substitutable forms of inorganic carbon, "CO2" (dissolved CO2 and carbonic acid) and "CARB" (bicarbonate and carbonate ions), which are stored internally.	Bicarbonates	164-175	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	157-161
30618777-3	2018	CFTR plays a central role in the pancreatic ductal secretory functions by carrying Cl- and HCO3 - ions across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	91-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
30539970-6	2018	Mean serum bicarbonate levels increased at the end of HD1 (22.3+-2.7 mEq/L vs 17.5+-2.3 mEq/L, P&lt;0.001) and remained stable until 20 h after the end of the session.	Bicarbonates	11-22	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
29659949-10	2018	Other mechanistic investigations demonstrate that the absence of EMC10 results in a reduction of HCO3- entry and subsequent decreases of both cAMP-dependent protein kinase A substrate phosphorylation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation.	Bicarbonates	97-101	ER membrane protein complex subunit 10	Homo sapiens	65-70
30227309-4	2018	The affinity sequence for binding of commonly occurring monovalent anions by CP+ micelles was found to be NO3- &gt; Cl- &gt; HCO3- &gt; H2AsO4-, and for divalent anions, SO42- &gt; HAsO42-.	Bicarbonates	125-129	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	106-109
29659949-11	2018	These data demonstrate that EMC10 is indispensable to male fertility via maintaining sperm ion balance of Na+ and HCO3-, and also suggest that EMC10 is a promising biomarker for male fertility and a potential pharmaceutical target to treat male infertility.	Bicarbonates	114-118	ER membrane protein complex subunit 10	Homo sapiens	28-33
30459624-3	2018	Nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) appears to play an important role in wear particle-induced osteoclastogenesis, with bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2, (SLC4A2) being upregulated during osteoclastogenesis in an NFATc1-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	132-143	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
30203878-6	2018	Here, we show that mpk12 plants, in which MPK4 is stably silenced specifically in guard cells (mpk12 mpk4GC homozygous double-mutants), completely lack CO2 -induced stomatal responses and have impaired activation of guard cell S-type anion channels in response to elevated CO2 /bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	278-289	mitogen-activated protein kinase 12	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-24
30203878-6	2018	Here, we show that mpk12 plants, in which MPK4 is stably silenced specifically in guard cells (mpk12 mpk4GC homozygous double-mutants), completely lack CO2 -induced stomatal responses and have impaired activation of guard cell S-type anion channels in response to elevated CO2 /bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	278-289	MAP kinase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
30203878-6	2018	Here, we show that mpk12 plants, in which MPK4 is stably silenced specifically in guard cells (mpk12 mpk4GC homozygous double-mutants), completely lack CO2 -induced stomatal responses and have impaired activation of guard cell S-type anion channels in response to elevated CO2 /bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	278-289	mitogen-activated protein kinase 12	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-100
30077153-4	2018	The equivalent concentration of the components followed the order of Ca2+ &gt; SO42- &gt; HCO3- &gt; NH4+ &gt; Cl- &gt; Na+ &gt; NO3- &gt; Mg2+.	Bicarbonates	90-94	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	129-132
30284820-0	2018	Effects of HCO3- on Degradation of Toxic Contaminants of Emerging Concern by UV/NO3.	Bicarbonates	11-15	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	80-83
30284820-4	2018	In addition, possible transformation products and degradation pathways of triclosan, diclofenac, bisphenol A, and estrone in UV/NO3-/HCO3- were proposed based on the mass (MS) and MS2 spectra.	Bicarbonates	133-137	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	128-131
30284820-5	2018	Significant reduction in the cytotoxicity of bisphenol A was observed after the treatment with UV/NO3-/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	103-107	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	98-101
30289627-2	2018	Loss of CFTR function disrupts chloride, bicarbonate and regulation of sodium transport, producing a cascade of mucus obstruction, inflammation, pulmonary infection, and ultimately damage in numerous organs.	Bicarbonates	41-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
30431338-4	2018	Upon secretion, the packed MUC5B is flushed out by a chloride- and bicarbonate-rich fluid from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-expressing serosal cells located at the most distal part of the gland.	Bicarbonates	67-78	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	27-32
30431338-5	2018	The bicarbonate raises the pH and removes calcium from the N terminus of MUC5B, allowing the mucin to be pulled out into a linear polymer.	Bicarbonates	4-15	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	73-78
30431338-5	2018	The bicarbonate raises the pH and removes calcium from the N terminus of MUC5B, allowing the mucin to be pulled out into a linear polymer.	Bicarbonates	4-15	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	93-98
30506051-4	2018	The CFTR is an anion transporter of chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) that is located on the apical surface of respiratory epithelium and exocrine glandular epithelium.	Bicarbonates	55-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
29427171-0	2018	CO2/bicarbonate modulates cone photoreceptor ROS-GC1 and restores its CORD6-linked catalytic activity.	Bicarbonates	4-15	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	45-52
29427171-0	2018	CO2/bicarbonate modulates cone photoreceptor ROS-GC1 and restores its CORD6-linked catalytic activity.	Bicarbonates	4-15	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	70-75
29427171-2	2018	Mechanistically, CO2 is sensed by carbonic anhydrase (CAII), generates bicarbonate that, in turn, directly targets the core catalytic domain of ROS-GC1, and activates it to increased synthesis of cyclic GMP.	Bicarbonates	71-82	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
29427171-2	2018	Mechanistically, CO2 is sensed by carbonic anhydrase (CAII), generates bicarbonate that, in turn, directly targets the core catalytic domain of ROS-GC1, and activates it to increased synthesis of cyclic GMP.	Bicarbonates	71-82	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	144-151
29427171-2	2018	Mechanistically, CO2 is sensed by carbonic anhydrase (CAII), generates bicarbonate that, in turn, directly targets the core catalytic domain of ROS-GC1, and activates it to increased synthesis of cyclic GMP.	Bicarbonates	71-82	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	203-206
29427171-7	2018	Remarkably, the first but not the second defect disappears with bicarbonate thus explaining the basis for CORD6 pathological severity.	Bicarbonates	64-75	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	106-111
30099301-7	2018	The increase in rate of NO3- creation at the breakeven time is attributed to the increase in conductivity of the treated solution once all bicarbonate is consumed thereby modifying the plasma properties.	Bicarbonates	139-150	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	24-27
30506051-4	2018	The CFTR is an anion transporter of chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) that is located on the apical surface of respiratory epithelium and exocrine glandular epithelium.	Bicarbonates	68-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
30301791-2	2018	However, the underlying CO2/bicarbonate (CO2/HCO3 -) sensing mechanisms remain unknown.	Bicarbonates	28-39	complement C2	Homo sapiens	41-49
30131193-5	2018	To verify our hypothesis, we used Raman microspectroscopy to examine such bone in rats that were given a cathepsin K inhibitor, and found unusual crystallinity and an increased substitution of carbonate (CO32-) in its crystal structure.	Bicarbonates	204-209	cathepsin K	Rattus norvegicus	105-116
30416443-2	2018	Defective chloride and bicarbonate secretion, arising from CFTR mutations, cause a multi-organ disease.	Bicarbonates	23-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
30333310-9	2018	Following treatment with IL-4, ATP12A function was markedly increased, as indicated by strong acidification occurring under bicarbonate-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	124-135	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
30333310-9	2018	Following treatment with IL-4, ATP12A function was markedly increased, as indicated by strong acidification occurring under bicarbonate-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	124-135	ATPase H+/K+ transporting non-gastric alpha2 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
30256632-1	2018	A Zn benzotriazolate metal-organic framework (MOF), [Zn(ZnO2CCH3)4(bibta)3] (1, bibta2- = 5,5"-bibenzotriazolate), has been subjected to a mild CH3CO2-/HCO3- ligand exchange procedure followed by thermal activation to generate nucleophilic Zn-OH groups that resemble the active site of alpha-carbonic anhydrase.	Bicarbonates	152-156	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	21-51
29907770-8	2018	In conclusion, NBCn1 regulates intracellular pH in ErbB2-induced breast cancer tissue by providing a pathway for cellular uptake of HCO3-, which can neutralize metabolic acidic waste products.	Bicarbonates	132-136	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	15-20
30077447-12	2018	Whole-blood partial pressure of CO2, and HCO3 exhibited an interaction of DCAD and Ca and tended to be lower for NEU-1.3% Ca and NEG-1.8% Ca compared with NEU-1.8% Ca and NEG-1.3% Ca.	Bicarbonates	41-45	neuraminidase 1	Bos taurus	113-118
30077447-12	2018	Whole-blood partial pressure of CO2, and HCO3 exhibited an interaction of DCAD and Ca and tended to be lower for NEU-1.3% Ca and NEG-1.8% Ca compared with NEU-1.8% Ca and NEG-1.3% Ca.	Bicarbonates	41-45	neuraminidase 1	Bos taurus	155-160
29907770-8	2018	In conclusion, NBCn1 regulates intracellular pH in ErbB2-induced breast cancer tissue by providing a pathway for cellular uptake of HCO3-, which can neutralize metabolic acidic waste products.	Bicarbonates	132-136	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	51-56
30146013-6	2018	However, these cells can also mediate thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride absorption when the pendrin-dependent apical chloride influx is coupled to apical sodium influx by the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	199-210	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	93-100
29807057-4	2018	In mammalian cells, there are many PDE isoforms and two types of adenylyl cyclases; the G protein regulated transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs) and the CO2/HCO3-/pH-, calcium-, and ATP-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC).	Bicarbonates	160-164	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	35-38
30220652-6	2018	They uncovered a complex role of AC6, specifically affecting acid-base balance during HCO3- load, which causes pronounced alkalosis in AC6-deficient mice.	Bicarbonates	86-90	adenylate cyclase 6	Mus musculus	33-36
30220652-6	2018	They uncovered a complex role of AC6, specifically affecting acid-base balance during HCO3- load, which causes pronounced alkalosis in AC6-deficient mice.	Bicarbonates	86-90	adenylate cyclase 6	Mus musculus	135-138
30146013-5	2018	These latter cells exchange intracellular bicarbonate for external chloride through pendrin, and therefore, account for renal base excretion.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	84-91
29934829-6	2018	Dissolution of calcite from limestone bedrock and a high concentration of bicarbonate ions in natural river water (about 250 mg L-1) enhanced the neutralization of acidic river water and subsequent chemical precipitation of metals and arsenic.	Bicarbonates	74-85	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	128-131
29941522-4	2018	Higher energy expenditure in AC6-/- relative to wild-type (WT) mice, was associated with lower urinary pH, mild alkalosis in conjunction with elevated blood HCO3- concentrations, and significantly higher renal abundance of the H+-ATPase B1 subunit.	Bicarbonates	157-161	adenylate cyclase 6	Mus musculus	29-32
30040147-4	2018	We found similar variances in the bicarbonate to pyruvate ratio, reflecting PDH flux, in fed and fasted/glucose-loaded animals, which showed no statistically significant differences.	Bicarbonates	34-45	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
29941522-5	2018	In contrast with WT mice, AC6-/- mice have a less pronounced increase in urinary pH after 8 days of HCO3- challenge, which is associated with increased blood pH and HCO3- concentrations.	Bicarbonates	100-104	adenylate cyclase 6	Mus musculus	26-29
29941522-5	2018	In contrast with WT mice, AC6-/- mice have a less pronounced increase in urinary pH after 8 days of HCO3- challenge, which is associated with increased blood pH and HCO3- concentrations.	Bicarbonates	165-169	adenylate cyclase 6	Mus musculus	26-29
29941522-7	2018	In the AC6-/- mice, H+-ATPase B1 subunit levels after HCO3- challenge were greater, which correlated with a higher number of type A IC.	Bicarbonates	54-58	adenylate cyclase 6	Mus musculus	7-10
30063324-2	2018	Much of this research is driven by the biological relevance of anion transport and the search to find new treatments for diseases such as cystic fibrosis, which is caused by genetic problems leading to faulty cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels, which in turn lead to reduced chloride and bicarbonate transport through epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	321-332	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	209-260
30063324-2	2018	Much of this research is driven by the biological relevance of anion transport and the search to find new treatments for diseases such as cystic fibrosis, which is caused by genetic problems leading to faulty cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels, which in turn lead to reduced chloride and bicarbonate transport through epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	321-332	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	262-266
30383070-2	2018	Among the different genes that are upregulated by hypoxia is carbonic anhydrase IX, which combines carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate and hydrogen.	Bicarbonates	132-143	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	61-82
30136461-4	2018	Hence, the measure of serum bicarbonate level should be part of the systematic follow-up of CKD patients of whom glomerular filtration rate decreases below 50 ml/min/1.73m2.	Bicarbonates	28-39	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-167
30089726-2	2018	Loss of CFTR-mediated HCO3- secretion reduces the pH of airway surface liquid (ASL) in vitro and in neonatal humans and pigs in vivo.	Bicarbonates	22-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
30131695-1	2018	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic lethal disease, originated from the defective function of the CFTR protein, a chloride and bicarbonate permeable transmembrane channel.	Bicarbonates	125-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	96-100
30206370-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Tumour carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a hypoxia-inducible tumour-associated cell surface enzyme, is thought to acidify the tumour microenvironment by hydrating CO2 to form protons and bicarbonate, but there is no definitive evidence for this in solid tumours in vivo.	Bicarbonates	195-206	carbonic anhydrase 9	Mus musculus	19-40
30206370-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Tumour carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a hypoxia-inducible tumour-associated cell surface enzyme, is thought to acidify the tumour microenvironment by hydrating CO2 to form protons and bicarbonate, but there is no definitive evidence for this in solid tumours in vivo.	Bicarbonates	195-206	carbonic anhydrase 9	Mus musculus	42-46
29750923-2	2018	CFTR functions as a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelial surfaces, and disruption of these ion transport processes plays a central role in the pathogenesis of CF.	Bicarbonates	104-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
29933921-7	2018	Immediately a different hypothesis arose, postulating a reduced ASL pH as the cause for the increased susceptibility to infections, due to a diminished bicarbonate secretion through CFTR.	Bicarbonates	152-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	182-186
29655107-4	2018	During the UV/H2O2 reaction, all water matrix components acted as radical scavengers in the order of humic acid &gt; CO32-/HCO3- &gt; NO3-.	Bicarbonates	123-127	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	134-137
29655107-8	2018	Nitrogenated and hydrogenated byproducts were formed in the early stage of degradation by OH or NO2 radicals, and these byproducts were subsequently degraded into smaller compounds with further reaction during UV-C/NO3- and UV-C/NO3-/CO32-/HCO3- reactions.	Bicarbonates	240-244	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	215-218
30118583-2	2018	Among them, SLC26A3 acts as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, highly expressed in the gastrointestinal, pancreatic and renal tissues.	Bicarbonates	39-50	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	12-19
29501667-4	2018	A benign variety of the disease has been observed in children with atrial fibrillation and a KCNH2-V141M mutation, and recently a mutation in the cardiac Cl/HCO3 exchanger AE3 was found to cause SQTS.	Bicarbonates	157-161	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	172-175
29808931-1	2018	KEY POINTS: Slc4a4 (mouse) encodes at least five variants of the electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate transporter NBCe1.	Bicarbonates	85-96	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	12-18
29801986-1	2018	Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is a urea cycle enzyme that forms carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, ammonia and ATP.	Bicarbonates	99-110	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	0-32
29801986-1	2018	Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is a urea cycle enzyme that forms carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, ammonia and ATP.	Bicarbonates	99-110	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	34-38
30011272-1	2018	The Band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) membrane protein is found in red blood cells and in kidney where it functions as an electro-neutral chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	134-145	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	12-15
29877528-5	2018	The binding constant for the complexation of transferrin and thorium, in the absence of bicarbonate at pH 7, was found to be log K = 18.65 +- 0.19.	Bicarbonates	88-99	transferrin	Homo sapiens	45-56
30072910-8	2018	The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 suppressed the chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of ducts, suggesting that CaMKII was required for ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	51-62	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	4-10
30072910-8	2018	The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 suppressed the chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of ducts, suggesting that CaMKII was required for ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	147-158	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	4-10
30072910-8	2018	The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 suppressed the chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of ducts, suggesting that CaMKII was required for ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	147-158	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	107-113
30022310-5	2018	The concentration of major anions and cations was found to be in the order of HCO3- &gt; Cl- &gt; SO42- &gt; F- &gt; PO42- and Ca2+ &gt; Na+ &gt; K+ &gt; Mg2+, respectively.	Bicarbonates	78-82	ERC2 intronic transcript 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
30046015-5	2018	The dimethylcoumarin DRAinh-A250 fully and reversibly inhibited slc26a3-mediated Cl- exchange with HCO3-, I-, and thiocyanate (SCN-), with an IC50 of ~0.2 muM.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	64-71
30011272-1	2018	The Band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) membrane protein is found in red blood cells and in kidney where it functions as an electro-neutral chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	134-145	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-23
30050452-12	2018	HCO3- and fluid secretion significantly decreased in AQP1 KO versus WT mice and the absence of AQP1 also worsened the severity of pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	0-4	aquaporin 1	Mus musculus	53-57
30013175-1	2018	Slc39a8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent cation/bicarbonate symporter expressed in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells, and therefore ubiquitous in adult tissues; ZIP8 influxes Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+.	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	0-7
30013175-1	2018	Slc39a8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent cation/bicarbonate symporter expressed in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells, and therefore ubiquitous in adult tissues; ZIP8 influxes Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+.	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	16-20
30013175-1	2018	Slc39a8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent cation/bicarbonate symporter expressed in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells, and therefore ubiquitous in adult tissues; ZIP8 influxes Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+.	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	158-162
30050452-13	2018	Our results suggest that AQP1 plays an essential role in pancreatic ductal fluid and HCO3- secretion and decreased expression of the channel alters fluid secretion which probably contribute to increased susceptibility of the pancreas to inflammation.	Bicarbonates	85-89	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	25-29
29965974-14	2018	These features provide evidence that CAIX is a more efficient enzyme than CAXII at low pH and that CAIX shifts the equilibrium between CO2 and bicarbonate in favor of CO2 production by consuming protons.	Bicarbonates	143-154	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	37-41
29791142-1	2018	The human zinc transporter SLC39A2, also known as ZIP2, was shown to mediate zinc transport that could be inhibited at pH &lt;7.0 and stimulated by HCO3-, suggesting a Zn2+/HCO3- cotransport mechanism [Gaither, L. A., and Eide, D. J.	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 39 member 2	Homo sapiens	27-34
29791142-1	2018	The human zinc transporter SLC39A2, also known as ZIP2, was shown to mediate zinc transport that could be inhibited at pH &lt;7.0 and stimulated by HCO3-, suggesting a Zn2+/HCO3- cotransport mechanism [Gaither, L. A., and Eide, D. J.	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 39 member 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
29965974-14	2018	These features provide evidence that CAIX is a more efficient enzyme than CAXII at low pH and that CAIX shifts the equilibrium between CO2 and bicarbonate in favor of CO2 production by consuming protons.	Bicarbonates	143-154	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	74-79
29965974-14	2018	These features provide evidence that CAIX is a more efficient enzyme than CAXII at low pH and that CAIX shifts the equilibrium between CO2 and bicarbonate in favor of CO2 production by consuming protons.	Bicarbonates	143-154	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	99-103
29575508-3	2018	It is also clear that mitogen signalling in nominal absence of HCO3- is associated with an intracellular alkalinization (~0.3 pH unit above steady-state pHi ), which is secondary to activation of Na+ /H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	63-67	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	153-156
29457280-8	2018	Besides, levels of PE750, PI885, PC792, PC826, PC830, PC854, PC802, and PG747 had an obvious negative correlation with levels of TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, BUN, SCr, and PaCO2 , and a significant positive correlation with levels of HCO3- , PaO2 , and SaO2 .	Bicarbonates	229-233	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-138
30063865-2	2018	CFTR is an ion channel regulating transport of chloride, bicarbonate, and water, and influencing sodium resorption.	Bicarbonates	57-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
29517421-1	2018	Pancreatic ductular epithelial cells comprise the majority of duct cells in pancreas, control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]) secretion, but are difficult to grow as a polarized monolayer.	Bicarbonates	163-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-145
29517421-1	2018	Pancreatic ductular epithelial cells comprise the majority of duct cells in pancreas, control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]) secretion, but are difficult to grow as a polarized monolayer.	Bicarbonates	163-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	147-151
29517421-11	2018	NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Pancreas ductular epithelial cells control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	133-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-115
29517421-11	2018	NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Pancreas ductular epithelial cells control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	133-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-121
29517421-12	2018	Their function is critical because when CFTR is deficient in cystic fibrosis bicarbonate secretion is lost and the pancreas is damaged.	Bicarbonates	77-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
29457280-8	2018	Besides, levels of PE750, PI885, PC792, PC826, PC830, PC854, PC802, and PG747 had an obvious negative correlation with levels of TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, BUN, SCr, and PaCO2 , and a significant positive correlation with levels of HCO3- , PaO2 , and SaO2 .	Bicarbonates	229-233	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	147-151
29971013-12	2018	Recently, using carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-filled erythrocyte vesicles, AQP1 has been demonstrated to transport water for the CAII-mediated reaction, CO2(g) + H2O   HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq).	Bicarbonates	167-171	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	16-37
29743243-0	2018	CFTR/ENaC-dependent regulation of membrane potential during human sperm capacitation is initiated by bicarbonate uptake through NBC.	Bicarbonates	101-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
29743243-2	2018	From a molecular point of view, the HCO3--dependent activation of the atypical soluble adenylyl cyclase (ADCY10) is one of the first events that occurs during capacitation and leads to the subsequent cAMP-dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA).	Bicarbonates	36-40	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	105-111
29743243-7	2018	We observed that inhibition of both CFTR and NBC decreased HCO3- influx, resulting in lower PKA activity, and that events downstream of the cAMP activation of PKA are essential for the regulation of Em.	Bicarbonates	59-63	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
29971013-12	2018	Recently, using carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-filled erythrocyte vesicles, AQP1 has been demonstrated to transport water for the CAII-mediated reaction, CO2(g) + H2O   HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq).	Bicarbonates	167-171	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
29971013-12	2018	Recently, using carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-filled erythrocyte vesicles, AQP1 has been demonstrated to transport water for the CAII-mediated reaction, CO2(g) + H2O   HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq).	Bicarbonates	167-171	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-78
29971013-12	2018	Recently, using carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-filled erythrocyte vesicles, AQP1 has been demonstrated to transport water for the CAII-mediated reaction, CO2(g) + H2O   HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq).	Bicarbonates	167-171	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
29524788-10	2018	Both in HEPES-buffered and CO2/HCO3-buffered system solution, the pHi recovery after induced-intracellular alkalosis was entirely blocked by removing [Cl-]o.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	66-69
29603485-5	2018	1 H NMR binding studies revealed exceptionally high affinities for anions in DMSO, decreasing in the order SO42- &gt;H2 PO4-  HCO3-  AcO- &gt;&gt;HSO4- &gt;Cl- &gt;Br- &gt;NO3- &gt;I- .	Bicarbonates	126-130	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	172-175
29779931-5	2018	Loss of SLC4A7 resulted in increased cytoplasmic acidification during phagocytosis, suggesting that SLC4A7-mediated, bicarbonate-driven maintenance of cytoplasmic pH is necessary for phagosome acidification.	Bicarbonates	117-128	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	8-14
29779931-5	2018	Loss of SLC4A7 resulted in increased cytoplasmic acidification during phagocytosis, suggesting that SLC4A7-mediated, bicarbonate-driven maintenance of cytoplasmic pH is necessary for phagosome acidification.	Bicarbonates	117-128	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	100-106
29582329-12	2018	The Ca-HCO3 type groundwater is distinguished by circum-neutral pH, medium-high EC, high HCO3-, and low content of NO3-, SO42-, K+, and Cl-.	Bicarbonates	7-11	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	115-118
29942493-6	2018	Patients with CLCNKB mutations had the lowest serum potassium and serum magnesium and the highest serum bicarbonate levels.	Bicarbonates	104-115	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	14-20
29540861-2	2018	We examined the association of an impaired "biliary bicarbonate umbrella" due to dysfunction of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) with dysregulated autophagy and cellular senescence in PBC.	Bicarbonates	52-63	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	96-113
29773687-9	2018	Moreover, pendrin gene ablation eliminated the increase in BP observed in global Nedd4-2 knockout mice.Conclusions IC Nedd4-2 regulates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in ICs., Nedd4-2 gene ablation increases BP in part through its action in these cells.	Bicarbonates	140-144	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	10-17
29773687-9	2018	Moreover, pendrin gene ablation eliminated the increase in BP observed in global Nedd4-2 knockout mice.Conclusions IC Nedd4-2 regulates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in ICs., Nedd4-2 gene ablation increases BP in part through its action in these cells.	Bicarbonates	140-144	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated gene 4-like	Mus musculus	118-125
29773687-9	2018	Moreover, pendrin gene ablation eliminated the increase in BP observed in global Nedd4-2 knockout mice.Conclusions IC Nedd4-2 regulates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in ICs., Nedd4-2 gene ablation increases BP in part through its action in these cells.	Bicarbonates	140-144	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated gene 4-like	Mus musculus	118-125
29540861-2	2018	We examined the association of an impaired "biliary bicarbonate umbrella" due to dysfunction of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) with dysregulated autophagy and cellular senescence in PBC.	Bicarbonates	52-63	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	115-118
29664293-7	2018	Direct reactions with PMS are highly pH- and ionic-strength-sensitive and can be accelerated by (bi)carbonate, borate, and pyrophosphate (although not phosphate) via non-radical pathways.	Bicarbonates	96-109	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
29965519-6	2018	The occurrence of HCO3- and humic acid will decrease the removal rates of 2-MIB and GSM, and the degree of reduction increases with the concentrations of HCO3- ion and humic acid.	Bicarbonates	18-22	MIB E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
29642240-0	2018	Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe2 gene variants increase sodium and bicarbonate transport in human renal proximal tubule cells.	Bicarbonates	7-18	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	33-38
29845767-0	2018	Editorial Focus: CFTR-dependent bicarbonate secretion by Calu-3 cells.	Bicarbonates	32-43	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
29530983-2	2018	SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	202-206	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	16-23
29530983-2	2018	SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	202-206	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	27-31
29530983-2	2018	SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	202-206	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	32-37
29530983-2	2018	SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	202-206	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	47-98
29530983-2	2018	SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	202-206	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	100-104
29530983-7	2018	CHO-K1 cells transfected with mouse Slc26a6 exchanged Cl- for oxalate and HCO3-, whereas two other anion exchangers known to be expressed in salivary gland acinar cells, Slc4a4 and Slc4a9, mediated little, if any, Cl-/oxalate exchange.	Bicarbonates	74-78	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	36-43
29530983-8	2018	Of note, both Cl-/oxalate exchange and Cl-/HCO3- exchange were significantly reduced in acinar cells isolated from the submandibular glands of Slc26a6-/- mice.	Bicarbonates	43-47	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	143-150
29965519-6	2018	The occurrence of HCO3- and humic acid will decrease the removal rates of 2-MIB and GSM, and the degree of reduction increases with the concentrations of HCO3- ion and humic acid.	Bicarbonates	154-158	MIB E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
29642240-11	2018	In hRPTCs isolated from freshly voided urine, bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery was also faster in those from salt-sensitive and carriers of HV SLC4A5 than from salt-resistant and carriers of WT SLC4A5.	Bicarbonates	46-57	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	144-150
29642240-11	2018	In hRPTCs isolated from freshly voided urine, bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery was also faster in those from salt-sensitive and carriers of HV SLC4A5 than from salt-resistant and carriers of WT SLC4A5.	Bicarbonates	46-57	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	195-201
29642240-12	2018	The faster NBCe2-specific bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery rate in HV SCL4A5 was normalized by SLC4A5- but not SLC4A4-shRNA.	Bicarbonates	26-37	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	11-16
29642240-12	2018	The faster NBCe2-specific bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery rate in HV SCL4A5 was normalized by SLC4A5- but not SLC4A4-shRNA.	Bicarbonates	26-37	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	96-102
29642240-14	2018	The faster NBCe2-specific bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery rate in HV SCL4A5 was abolished by HNF4A antagonists.	Bicarbonates	26-37	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	11-16
29642240-14	2018	The faster NBCe2-specific bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery rate in HV SCL4A5 was abolished by HNF4A antagonists.	Bicarbonates	26-37	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	95-100
28962898-4	2018	Recently, it has been shown that microRNA-506 (miR-506) on chromosome X is up-regulated in PBC cholangiocytes and suppresses AE2 expression, which sensitizes cholangiocytes to bile salt-induced apoptosis by activating soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor.	Bicarbonates	278-289	microRNA 506	Homo sapiens	33-45
28962898-4	2018	Recently, it has been shown that microRNA-506 (miR-506) on chromosome X is up-regulated in PBC cholangiocytes and suppresses AE2 expression, which sensitizes cholangiocytes to bile salt-induced apoptosis by activating soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor.	Bicarbonates	278-289	microRNA 506	Homo sapiens	47-54
28844960-9	2018	Decreased TGR5 expression may also contribute to the development or progression of cholangiopathies like primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) since reduced TGR5-dependent cell-protective mechanisms such as bicarbonate secretion renders cholangiocytes more vulnerable towards bile salt toxicity.	Bicarbonates	244-255	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	10-14
29292834-3	2018	BIG mutants are compromised in elevated CO2 -induced stomatal closure and bicarbonate activation of S-type anion channel currents.	Bicarbonates	74-85	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
28353202-6	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a single bicarbonate-dialysis session can upregulate Hepcidin-25 synthesis and that HFR can fully overcome this effect, enabling a greater Hepcidin-25 removal during dialysis.	Bicarbonates	48-59	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	92-100
29330471-1	2018	SLC26A3 encodes a Cl-/HCO3- ion transporter that is also known as downregulated in adenoma (DRA) and is involved in HCO3-/mucus formation.	Bicarbonates	22-26	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-7
29330471-1	2018	SLC26A3 encodes a Cl-/HCO3- ion transporter that is also known as downregulated in adenoma (DRA) and is involved in HCO3-/mucus formation.	Bicarbonates	22-26	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	92-95
29355738-1	2018	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of water and CO2 to bicarbonate and a proton.	Bicarbonates	120-131	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	0-21
29554889-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Bicarbonate-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids enhance the migratory capacity and damage-repair ability of human peritoneal mesothelial cells by upregulating AQP1.	Bicarbonates	12-23	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	173-177
29305650-5	2018	Apical uptake of SCFA thus involves non-saturable diffusion of the undissociated acid (HSCFA), SCFA-/HCO3- exchange via DRA (SLC26A3) and/or SCFA--H+ symport (MCT1, SLC16A1).	Bicarbonates	101-105	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	125-132
29965450-9	2018	An ion source analysis indicates that Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3- are mainly derived from chemical weathering of carbonate minerals, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- are mainly affected by precipitation and rock weathering.	Bicarbonates	54-58	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	143-146
29355738-1	2018	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of water and CO2 to bicarbonate and a proton.	Bicarbonates	120-131	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	23-28
29355738-3	2018	Beyond these CO2 and pH-linked roles, it has been postulated that CA II might also reduce nitrite (NO2-) to nitric oxide (NO), as bicarbonate and NO2- both exhibit sp2 molecular geometry and NO also plays an important role in vasodilation and regulation of blood pressure.	Bicarbonates	130-141	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	66-71
29211886-0	2018	Bicarbonate induces high-level resistance to the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants.	Bicarbonates	0-11	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	77-82
29861560-6	2018	Cox-regression analysis revealed a significant impact of serum bicarbonate levels &lt;22 mEq/L on mortality in combination to dialysis modality and CAD.	Bicarbonates	63-74	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	0-3
29211886-3	2018	We investigated the capacity of the human cationic AMP LL-37 to kill SCVs in the presence of physiological concentrations of bicarbonate, which are reported to alter bacterial membrane permeability and change resistance of bacteria to AMPs.	Bicarbonates	125-136	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	55-60
29211886-4	2018	Methods: MBCs of LL-37 for S. aureus SCVs with mutations in different genes in the presence and absence of bicarbonate were determined.	Bicarbonates	107-118	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	17-22
29211886-6	2018	In the presence of bicarbonate, hemB, menD and aroD SCVs of LS-1 had high-level resistance to LL-37 (&gt;=128 mg/L) compared with the parental strain (16 mg/L).	Bicarbonates	19-30	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	94-99
29211886-9	2018	When rsbU was repaired in 8325-4 it displayed high-level resistance to LL-37 in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	96-107	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	71-76
29211886-10	2018	This phenotype was lost when tcaR was also repaired, demonstrating that RsbU and TcaR are involved in LL-37 resistance in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	138-149	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	102-107
29211886-11	2018	Conclusions: S. aureus SCVs would be resistant to high concentrations of LL-37 in niches where there are physiological concentrations of bicarbonate and therefore this AMP may not be effective in combating SCVs.	Bicarbonates	137-148	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	73-78
29403504-4	2018	We demonstrate that physiological levels of bicarbonate upregulate citrullination by recombinant PAD2/4 and endogenous PADs in neutrophils.	Bicarbonates	44-55	peptidyl arginine deiminase 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
29536650-0	2018	Most bicarbonate secretion by Calu-3 cells is mediated by CFTR and independent of pendrin.	Bicarbonates	5-16	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
29536650-2	2018	Here we examined the relative contributions of the anion channel CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ABCC7) and the anion exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) to HCO3- secretion by the human airway cell line Calu-3.	Bicarbonates	176-180	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	164-171
29146699-6	2018	Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models determined the cross-sectional association between TGF-beta1/creatinine and serum bicarbonate, urine ammonium excretion, urine titratable acids excretion, and urine pH.	Bicarbonates	130-141	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	99-108
29146699-10	2018	Each SD increase of serum bicarbonate and urine titratable acids was associated with a nonsignificant 1.06-fold (95% confidence interval, 0.97 to 1.16) or 1.03-fold (95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.14) higher geometric mean urine TGF-beta1/creatinine, respectively.	Bicarbonates	26-37	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	233-242
28992851-12	2018	The use of the bicarbonate/lactate-buffered, neutral-pH, low-GDP PD fluid physioneal exerts lower CA125 levels, lower D/P4 creatinine, but similar inflammatory response compared to conventional dianeal PD fluids in this early stage of PD therapy.	Bicarbonates	15-26	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	98-103
28875346-1	2018	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the essential chloride and bicarbonate channel in the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	89-100	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
29307724-8	2018	The clinical ratio DeltaVE/DeltaPetCO2 remained unchanged, but Pdi, EAdi and VE were significantly lower after bicarbonate administration for similar levels of inspired CO2.	Bicarbonates	111-122	peptidyl arginine deiminase 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
29386206-3	2018	A sodium-coupled bicarbonate exchanger (NCBE) encoded by solute carrier family 4 member 10 gene is expressed on the choroid plexus basolateral membrane and may play a role in cerebrospinal fluid production and the development of PHH.	Bicarbonates	17-28	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
29536650-5	2018	Intracellular pH varied with step changes in apical Cl- and HCO3- concentrations in control and pendrin knockdown Calu-3 cells, but not in CFTR deficient cells.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	96-103
29536650-8	2018	While the conclusions cannot be extrapolated to other airway epithelia, the present results demonstrate that most HCO3- secretion by Calu-3 cells is mediated by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	114-118	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	161-165
28940640-11	2018	These results suggested that extracellular bicarbonate generated by CA9/12 is recycled to buffer cytosolic pH fluctuations.	Bicarbonates	43-54	carbonic anhydrase 9	Mus musculus	68-71
28940640-13	2018	Taken together, our studies show for the first time that bicarbonate buffering through the HIF-1alpha-CA axis is critical for NP cell survival in the hypoxic niche of the intervertebral disc.	Bicarbonates	57-68	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	91-101
28875346-1	2018	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the essential chloride and bicarbonate channel in the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	89-100	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
27894244-4	2018	The main enzymatic function of the CA IX protein is to catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions and protons.	Bicarbonates	101-112	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	35-40
30343706-5	2018	Next, breakdown of the protective apical bicarbonate rich umbrella may sensitize BECs to aberrant apoptotic pathways leaving the antigenic PDC-E2 epitope immunologically tact within an apoptotic bleb.	Bicarbonates	41-52	dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	139-145
29482189-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: We propose that patients with cystic fibrosis are prone to the development of metabolic alkalosis secondary to the inactivation of the bicarbonate secreting transporter pendrin, specifically during volume depletion, which is a common occurrence in CF patients.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	182-189
29210639-3	2018	Upon ligand binding, GC-C receptors increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, regulating a variety of key cell-type specific processes such as chloride and bicarbonate secretion, epithelial cell growth, regulation of intestinal barrier integrity and visceral sensitivity.	Bicarbonates	169-180	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	21-25
27981898-3	2018	The enzyme provides HCO3 - as a substrate for pyruvate carboxylase, the first enzyme in hepatic gluconeogenesis.	Bicarbonates	20-24	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	46-66
28883041-6	2018	The effect of CO2/HCO3- was ablated by connexin43 inhibition or knockdown.	Bicarbonates	18-22	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	39-49
29354275-1	2018	Human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	120-124	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
29354275-1	2018	Human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	120-124	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	29-35
29302216-6	2018	Therefore, we reported that NBCe1-B, as a substrate of PP1, contains these residues in the C-terminal region and that the direct interaction between NBCe1-B and PP1 is functionally critical in controlling the regulation of the HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	227-231	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
29991143-10	2018	There was a negative correlation between pH, HCo3 level and angiogenin in stage II and stage III.	Bicarbonates	45-49	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	60-70
29689561-2	2018	Moreover, the alcalinization of urines using bicarbonate can be used to dissolve urate crystals and the clinician may discontinue several drugs are known to increase serum levels of uric acid, such as diuretics, aspirin, cyclosporine, theophylline, mycophenolate and ACE inhibitors.	Bicarbonates	45-56	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	267-270
29302216-6	2018	Therefore, we reported that NBCe1-B, as a substrate of PP1, contains these residues in the C-terminal region and that the direct interaction between NBCe1-B and PP1 is functionally critical in controlling the regulation of the HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	227-231	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	161-164
29302216-7	2018	These results suggested that like IRBIT, PP1 was another novel regulator of HCO3- secretion in several types of epithelia.	Bicarbonates	76-80	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
29302216-7	2018	These results suggested that like IRBIT, PP1 was another novel regulator of HCO3- secretion in several types of epithelia.	Bicarbonates	76-80	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
30384810-3	2018	Interestingly, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator encoded by CFTR gene, an ATP-binding cassette transporter-class ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate anions across membrane of epithelial cells, has recently been suggested to play a role in the development and progression of many types of cancer.	Bicarbonates	174-185	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	19-70
29115887-10	2018	It is concluded that the down-expression of ITPR3, SLC4A4, and SLC4A9 genes may impair transportation of Cl-, HCO3-, and Na+ in eggshell mineralization during heat stress.	Bicarbonates	110-114	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Gallus gallus	44-49
29115887-10	2018	It is concluded that the down-expression of ITPR3, SLC4A4, and SLC4A9 genes may impair transportation of Cl-, HCO3-, and Na+ in eggshell mineralization during heat stress.	Bicarbonates	110-114	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Gallus gallus	51-57
29115887-10	2018	It is concluded that the down-expression of ITPR3, SLC4A4, and SLC4A9 genes may impair transportation of Cl-, HCO3-, and Na+ in eggshell mineralization during heat stress.	Bicarbonates	110-114	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Gallus gallus	63-69
30384810-3	2018	Interestingly, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator encoded by CFTR gene, an ATP-binding cassette transporter-class ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate anions across membrane of epithelial cells, has recently been suggested to play a role in the development and progression of many types of cancer.	Bicarbonates	174-185	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
29286340-2	2017	Loss of the Slc9a3 allele in mice enhances intestinal fluid and causes diarrhoea as a consequence of diminished Na+ and HCO3- absorption.	Bicarbonates	120-124	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	12-18
29253861-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Bicarbonate buffered PD fluid promotes vessel maturation via upregulation of angiopoietin-1 in vitro and in children on dialysis.	Bicarbonates	12-23	angiopoietin 1	Homo sapiens	89-103
28497245-2	2017	Inorganic carbon takes the forms of "CO2" (dissolved CO2 and carbonic acid) and "CARB" (bicarbonate and carbonate ions), which are substitutable in their effects on algal growth.	Bicarbonates	88-99	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	81-85
29167180-2	2017	In both erythrocytes and the basolateral membrane of the collecting-duct alpha-intercalated cells, the role of AE1 is to catalyze a one-for-one exchange of chloride for bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	169-180	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-114
29200586-7	2017	At a bicarbonate concentration of 50 mmol L-1, current density increased to 10.7 A m-2 at an anode potential of -0.2 V. This increase in current density could be due to oxidation of formed acetate in addition to oxidation of hydrogen, or enhanced growth of hydrogen oxidizing bacteria due to the availability of acetate as carbon source.	Bicarbonates	5-16	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	42-45
29200586-8	2017	The effect of mass transfer was further assessed through enhanced mixing and in combination with the addition of bicarbonate (50 mmol L-1) current density increased further to 17.1 A m-2.	Bicarbonates	113-124	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	134-137
29253861-0	2017	Bicarbonate buffered peritoneal dialysis fluid upregulates angiopoietin-1 and promotes vessel maturation.	Bicarbonates	0-11	angiopoietin 1	Homo sapiens	59-73
29375389-9	2017	We identified the activity of several ion transporters, NBCe1, NHE1, NKCC1, and AE2, which are involved in intracellular pH regulation and vectorial bicarbonate and chloride transport.	Bicarbonates	149-160	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
29375389-9	2017	We identified the activity of several ion transporters, NBCe1, NHE1, NKCC1, and AE2, which are involved in intracellular pH regulation and vectorial bicarbonate and chloride transport.	Bicarbonates	149-160	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
29375389-9	2017	We identified the activity of several ion transporters, NBCe1, NHE1, NKCC1, and AE2, which are involved in intracellular pH regulation and vectorial bicarbonate and chloride transport.	Bicarbonates	149-160	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
28345252-3	2017	Recently, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), which is activated by HCO3- or Ca2+ , emerges to provide an alternative way to activate cAMP/PKA pathway with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl- /HCO3- -conducting anion channel, as a key player.	Bicarbonates	64-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	156-207
28345252-3	2017	Recently, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), which is activated by HCO3- or Ca2+ , emerges to provide an alternative way to activate cAMP/PKA pathway with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl- /HCO3- -conducting anion channel, as a key player.	Bicarbonates	64-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	209-213
28345252-3	2017	Recently, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), which is activated by HCO3- or Ca2+ , emerges to provide an alternative way to activate cAMP/PKA pathway with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl- /HCO3- -conducting anion channel, as a key player.	Bicarbonates	238-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	156-207
28345252-3	2017	Recently, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), which is activated by HCO3- or Ca2+ , emerges to provide an alternative way to activate cAMP/PKA pathway with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl- /HCO3- -conducting anion channel, as a key player.	Bicarbonates	238-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	209-213
28345252-4	2017	This review summarizes new progress in the investigation of the CFTR/HCO3- -dependent sAC signalling and its essential role in various reproductive processes, particularly in ovarian functions.	Bicarbonates	69-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-68
28345252-5	2017	We present the evidence for a CFTR/HCO3- -dependent nuclear sAC signalling cascade that amplifies the FSH-stimulated cAMP/PKA pathway, traditionally thought to involve tmAC, in granulosa for the regulation of oestrogen production and granulosa cell proliferation.	Bicarbonates	35-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
28345252-6	2017	The implication of the CFTR/HCO3- /sAC pathway in amplifying other receptor-activated cAMP/PKA signalling in a wide variety of cell types and pathophysiological processes, including aging, is also discussed.	Bicarbonates	28-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-27
28319329-6	2017	Extracellular acidosis more prominently inhibited NHE1 activity - defined as Na+ -dependent net acid extrusion without CO2 /HCO3- present - at both pHo 7.1 (45 +- 9%) and 6.8 (85 +- 5%).	Bicarbonates	124-128	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	50-54
30023582-1	2017	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 into bicarbonate (HCO3-) and a proton (H+) as well as other reactions at an extremely high rate.	Bicarbonates	102-113	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
30023582-1	2017	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 into bicarbonate (HCO3-) and a proton (H+) as well as other reactions at an extremely high rate.	Bicarbonates	115-119	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
29167417-0	2017	Loss-of-activity-mutation in the cardiac chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE3 causes short QT syndrome.	Bicarbonates	50-61	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	72-75
28732801-3	2017	METHODS: The present short review reports early findings as well as recent insights into the role of CFTR for bicarbonate transport and its defects in CF.	Bicarbonates	110-121	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Bicarbonates	24-35	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	70-103
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Bicarbonates	24-35	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Bicarbonates	24-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	118-169
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Bicarbonates	24-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	171-175
29079751-7	2017	Functional studies showed that while SLC26A3 is a strong activator of CFTR-dependent anion transport, SLC26A3-p.Asp688His mutant retains normal Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity but suppresses CFTR, despite unaffected domain binding and expression.	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	102-109
29209227-8	2017	We concluded that non-ameloblast dental epithelium expresses NKCC1 to regulate cell volume in enamel organ and provide ameloblasts with Na+, K+ and Cl- ions required for the transport of mineral- and bicarbonate-ions into enamel.	Bicarbonates	200-211	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	61-66
28823863-7	2017	DRA-mediated exchange of Cl- for HCO3- was measured by uptake of 125I.	Bicarbonates	33-37	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
28319329-10	2017	NBCn1 is equivalently inhibited when pCO2 is raised or [HCO3-]o decreased.	Bicarbonates	56-60	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	0-5
28645705-13	2017	PTH, but not FGF-23, concentration (P=0.2) was 26% (95% CI, 13%-40%) higher in participants with a serum bicarbonate concentration &lt;22 versus &gt;=22 mEq/L (P&lt;0.001).	Bicarbonates	105-116	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	0-3
29025768-4	2017	We show that Slc26a6 mediates electrogenic Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities in cardiomyocytes, suggesting the potential role of Slc26a6 in regulation of not only pHi, but also cardiac excitability.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	13-20
29025768-9	2017	Additionally, pHi is elevated in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes with slower recovery kinetics from intracellular alkalization, consistent with the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities of Slc26a6.	Bicarbonates	146-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	14-17
29025768-9	2017	Additionally, pHi is elevated in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes with slower recovery kinetics from intracellular alkalization, consistent with the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities of Slc26a6.	Bicarbonates	146-150	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	175-182
28596233-1	2017	Human CO2 respiration requires rapid conversion between CO2 and HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase II facilitates this reversible reaction inside red blood cells, and band 3 [anion exchanger 1 (AE1)] provides a passage for HCO3- flux across the cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	64-68	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	70-91
28596233-1	2017	Human CO2 respiration requires rapid conversion between CO2 and HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase II facilitates this reversible reaction inside red blood cells, and band 3 [anion exchanger 1 (AE1)] provides a passage for HCO3- flux across the cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	184-187
28596233-7	2017	This suggests that the function of AQP1 in tonicity response could be coupled or correlated to its function in band 3-mediated CO2/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	131-135	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	35-39
28634110-3	2017	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a ductal Cl- channel essential for ductal fluid and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	114-118	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-51
28634110-3	2017	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a ductal Cl- channel essential for ductal fluid and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	114-118	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	53-57
28397297-7	2017	Our results demonstrate the participation of PFK, IDH and MDH in bicarbonate-induced capacitation and follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction in boar spermatozoa, contributing to elucidate the mechanisms that produce energy necessary for these processes in porcine spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	65-76	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
28397297-1	2017	The aim of this work was to determine the enzymatic activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in boar spermatozoa and study their participation in bicarbonate-induced capacitation and follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction.	Bicarbonates	206-217	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
28926956-2	2017	Two of the simplest metabolic products, protons and bicarbonate, are generated by the catalytic activity of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), with at least two of its isoforms, CA IX and XII, mainly present in hypoxic tumors.	Bicarbonates	52-63	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	198-203
28397297-1	2017	The aim of this work was to determine the enzymatic activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in boar spermatozoa and study their participation in bicarbonate-induced capacitation and follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction.	Bicarbonates	206-217	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	122-146
28397297-1	2017	The aim of this work was to determine the enzymatic activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in boar spermatozoa and study their participation in bicarbonate-induced capacitation and follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction.	Bicarbonates	206-217	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
28963502-1	2017	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is the secretory chloride/bicarbonate channel in airways and intestine that is activated through ATP binding and phosphorylation by protein kinase A, but fails to operate in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Bicarbonates	85-96	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-51
28963502-1	2017	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is the secretory chloride/bicarbonate channel in airways and intestine that is activated through ATP binding and phosphorylation by protein kinase A, but fails to operate in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Bicarbonates	85-96	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	53-57
28936625-6	2017	The reproducibility of the mean absolute change from baseline to peak in HCO3- was good in SBC2 (r = 0.68) and excellent in SBC3 (r = 0.78).	Bicarbonates	73-77	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	91-95
28869532-1	2017	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP- and cGMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) channel localized primarily at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells lining the airway, gut and exocrine glands, where it is responsible for transepithelial salt and water transport.	Bicarbonates	112-123	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
28869532-1	2017	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP- and cGMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) channel localized primarily at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells lining the airway, gut and exocrine glands, where it is responsible for transepithelial salt and water transport.	Bicarbonates	112-123	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
28869532-1	2017	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP- and cGMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) channel localized primarily at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells lining the airway, gut and exocrine glands, where it is responsible for transepithelial salt and water transport.	Bicarbonates	125-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
28869532-1	2017	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP- and cGMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) channel localized primarily at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells lining the airway, gut and exocrine glands, where it is responsible for transepithelial salt and water transport.	Bicarbonates	125-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
28677776-0	2017	Sasanquasaponin induces increase of Cl-/HCO3- exchange of anion exchanger 3 and promotes intracellular Cl- efflux in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	58-75
28771454-5	2017	alpha-Ketoglutartate is synthesized and secreted into the proximal tubule lumen in the combined state of metabolic alkalosis and intravascular volume contraction to activate Oxgr1 in PP-IC, which in turn activates the multitransport protein network to drive salt reabsorption and bicarbonate secretion by these cells.	Bicarbonates	280-291	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	174-179
28677776-1	2017	Anion exchanger 3 (AE3) is known to serve crucial roles in maintaining intracellular chloride homeostasis by facilitating the reversible electroneutral exchange of Cl- for HCO3- across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	172-176	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
28677776-1	2017	Anion exchanger 3 (AE3) is known to serve crucial roles in maintaining intracellular chloride homeostasis by facilitating the reversible electroneutral exchange of Cl- for HCO3- across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	172-176	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
28677776-3	2017	However, the molecular basis for SQS-induced increase of Cl-/HCO3- exchange of AE3 remains unclear.	Bicarbonates	61-65	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
28677776-7	2017	In conclusion, PKCepsilon-dependent phosphorylation of serine 67 on AE3 may be responsible for the increase of Cl-/HCO3- exchange of AE3 and intracellular chloride efflux by SQS, and contributes to the cardioprotection of SQS against H/R in H9c2 cells.	Bicarbonates	115-119	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
28677776-7	2017	In conclusion, PKCepsilon-dependent phosphorylation of serine 67 on AE3 may be responsible for the increase of Cl-/HCO3- exchange of AE3 and intracellular chloride efflux by SQS, and contributes to the cardioprotection of SQS against H/R in H9c2 cells.	Bicarbonates	115-119	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
28677776-7	2017	In conclusion, PKCepsilon-dependent phosphorylation of serine 67 on AE3 may be responsible for the increase of Cl-/HCO3- exchange of AE3 and intracellular chloride efflux by SQS, and contributes to the cardioprotection of SQS against H/R in H9c2 cells.	Bicarbonates	115-119	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
28455748-0	2017	CK2 is a key regulator of SLC4A2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange in human airway epithelia.	Bicarbonates	46-50	casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
28455748-0	2017	CK2 is a key regulator of SLC4A2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange in human airway epithelia.	Bicarbonates	46-50	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	26-32
28455748-3	2017	Here, we investigated the regulation of a basolateral located, DIDS-sensitive, Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, anion exchanger 2 (AE2; SLC4A2) which is postulated to act as an acid loader, and therefore potential regulator of HCO3- secretion, in human airway epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	83-87	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	119-122
28455748-3	2017	Here, we investigated the regulation of a basolateral located, DIDS-sensitive, Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, anion exchanger 2 (AE2; SLC4A2) which is postulated to act as an acid loader, and therefore potential regulator of HCO3- secretion, in human airway epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	83-87	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	124-130
28455748-9	2017	Together, these findings are the first to demonstrate that CK2 is a key regulator of Cl--dependent HCO3- export at the serosal membrane of human airway epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	99-103	casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide	Mus musculus	59-62
28271233-3	2017	Increased fluid flow stimulates Na+ and HCO3- absorption in the proximal tubule via stimulation of Na/H-exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) and H+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	99-123
27373313-1	2017	Carbonic anhydrase IX is a tumor-associated membrane-bound metallo-enzyme which catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and proton (H+) ions.	Bicarbonates	142-153	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-21
27373313-1	2017	Carbonic anhydrase IX is a tumor-associated membrane-bound metallo-enzyme which catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and proton (H+) ions.	Bicarbonates	155-159	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-21
27714810-2	2017	It is well established that HCO3- is essential for capacitation because it activates the atypical soluble adenylate cyclase ADCY10 leading to cAMP production, and promotes alkalinization of cytoplasm, and membrane hyperpolarization.	Bicarbonates	28-32	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	124-130
27714810-6	2017	We observed that inhibition of CFTR affects HCO3- -entrance dependent events resulting in lower PKA activity.	Bicarbonates	44-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-35
28474046-5	2017	Because the binding of Fe3+ to CFTR prevents channel opening, the stimulatory effect of CO on the Cl- and HCO3- currents across the apical membrane of rat distal colon may be due to the release of inhibitive Fe3+ by CO.	Bicarbonates	106-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
28779178-5	2017	Given that the myocardium is an obligate aerobic tissue and consumes large amounts of O2, the data suggest that loss of AE3, which has the potential to extrude CO2 in the form of HCO3-, impairs O2/CO2 balance in cardiac myocytes.	Bicarbonates	179-183	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	120-123
28523577-10	2017	AR-induced augmented HCO3- secretion was reduced by iv injection of the GLP-2 receptor antagonist GLP-2(3-33) (3 nmol/kg), or by pretreatment with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh-172 (1 mg/kg, ip).	Bicarbonates	21-25	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	72-86
28523577-10	2017	AR-induced augmented HCO3- secretion was reduced by iv injection of the GLP-2 receptor antagonist GLP-2(3-33) (3 nmol/kg), or by pretreatment with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh-172 (1 mg/kg, ip).	Bicarbonates	21-25	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
28523577-10	2017	AR-induced augmented HCO3- secretion was reduced by iv injection of the GLP-2 receptor antagonist GLP-2(3-33) (3 nmol/kg), or by pretreatment with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh-172 (1 mg/kg, ip).	Bicarbonates	21-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	151-202
28676931-2	2017	Chemical analysis of the groundwater shows the cations is in the order of Na+ &gt; Ca2+ &gt; Mg2+ while for anions it is HCO3  &gt; Cl  &gt; SO42  &gt; NO3 .	Bicarbonates	121-125	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	152-155
28280139-2	2017	For proximal tubules, which are responsible for about 80% of this activity, it is believed that HCO3- reclamation depends solely on H+ secretion, mediated by the apical Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 and the vacuolar proton pump.	Bicarbonates	96-100	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	186-190
28280139-7	2017	The reciprocal regulation of NBCn2 and NHE3 under different physiologic conditions is consistent with our mathematical simulations, which suggest that HCO3- uptake and H+ secretion have reciprocal efficiencies for HCO3- reclamation versus titration of luminal buffers.	Bicarbonates	151-155	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
28280139-7	2017	The reciprocal regulation of NBCn2 and NHE3 under different physiologic conditions is consistent with our mathematical simulations, which suggest that HCO3- uptake and H+ secretion have reciprocal efficiencies for HCO3- reclamation versus titration of luminal buffers.	Bicarbonates	214-218	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
28646128-1	2017	Mutations of the solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1) gene encoding kidney anion (chloride/bicarbonate ion) exchanger 1 (kAE1) can cause genetic distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	96-107	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-57
28646128-1	2017	Mutations of the solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1) gene encoding kidney anion (chloride/bicarbonate ion) exchanger 1 (kAE1) can cause genetic distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	96-107	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	126-130
28064162-1	2017	Background: Pendrin, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of beta-intercalated cells of the renal connecting tubule and the collecting duct, plays a key role in NaCl reabsorption by the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	34-45	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	12-19
28452030-4	2017	Although the presence of HCO3- in the UV/TiO2/HCO3- system resulted in a lower degradation rate and less byproduct formation for IFO and CP, two newly identified byproducts, P11 (M.W.	Bicarbonates	25-29	endonuclease, poly(U) specific	Homo sapiens	174-177
28452030-4	2017	Although the presence of HCO3- in the UV/TiO2/HCO3- system resulted in a lower degradation rate and less byproduct formation for IFO and CP, two newly identified byproducts, P11 (M.W.	Bicarbonates	46-50	endonuclease, poly(U) specific	Homo sapiens	174-177
28538732-5	2017	KL cells express the urea cycle enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1), which produces carbamoyl phosphate in the mitochondria from ammonia and bicarbonate, initiating nitrogen disposal.	Bicarbonates	152-163	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	39-71
28538732-5	2017	KL cells express the urea cycle enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1), which produces carbamoyl phosphate in the mitochondria from ammonia and bicarbonate, initiating nitrogen disposal.	Bicarbonates	152-163	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
28554723-5	2017	The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes the CFTR protein, a protein kinase A-activated ATP-gated anion channel that regulates the transport of electrolytes such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	257-268	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-93
28554723-5	2017	The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes the CFTR protein, a protein kinase A-activated ATP-gated anion channel that regulates the transport of electrolytes such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	257-268	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
28271233-3	2017	Increased fluid flow stimulates Na+ and HCO3- absorption in the proximal tubule via stimulation of Na/H-exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) and H+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	125-129
28554723-5	2017	The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes the CFTR protein, a protein kinase A-activated ATP-gated anion channel that regulates the transport of electrolytes such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	257-268	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-128
28126574-7	2017	CoP/PMS demonstrated excellent anti-interference performance toward anions (Cl-, NO3-, and HCO3-).	Bicarbonates	91-95	caspase recruitment domain family member 16	Homo sapiens	0-3
28559854-3	2017	Several members of the Slc26 gene family (Slc26a1, Slc26a3, Slc26a4, Slc26a6, and Slc26a7), which exhibit bicarbonate transport activities, have been suggested by previous studies to be involved in maturation-stage amelogenesis, especially the key process of pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	106-117	solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	42-49
28559854-3	2017	Several members of the Slc26 gene family (Slc26a1, Slc26a3, Slc26a4, Slc26a6, and Slc26a7), which exhibit bicarbonate transport activities, have been suggested by previous studies to be involved in maturation-stage amelogenesis, especially the key process of pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	106-117	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	51-58
28559854-3	2017	Several members of the Slc26 gene family (Slc26a1, Slc26a3, Slc26a4, Slc26a6, and Slc26a7), which exhibit bicarbonate transport activities, have been suggested by previous studies to be involved in maturation-stage amelogenesis, especially the key process of pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	106-117	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	60-67
28559854-3	2017	Several members of the Slc26 gene family (Slc26a1, Slc26a3, Slc26a4, Slc26a6, and Slc26a7), which exhibit bicarbonate transport activities, have been suggested by previous studies to be involved in maturation-stage amelogenesis, especially the key process of pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	106-117	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	69-76
28559854-3	2017	Several members of the Slc26 gene family (Slc26a1, Slc26a3, Slc26a4, Slc26a6, and Slc26a7), which exhibit bicarbonate transport activities, have been suggested by previous studies to be involved in maturation-stage amelogenesis, especially the key process of pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	106-117	solute carrier family 26, member 7	Mus musculus	82-89
27981578-1	2017	KEY POINTS: The present study suggests that the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter, NBCe1, supported by carbonic anhydrase II, CAII, provides an efficient mechanism of bicarbonate sensing in cortical astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	68-79	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	95-100
28195314-5	2017	Likewise, systemic alkalization by oral delivery of bicarbonate to lymphoma-developing mice was capable of enhancing IFN-gamma expression in NK cells and increasing the NK-cell numbers in the lymphoid organs where tumors were growing.	Bicarbonates	52-63	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	117-126
27932475-2	2017	Intracellular bicarbonate generated by luminal H+ secretion is removed by the basolateral anion-exchanger AE1.	Bicarbonates	14-25	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	106-109
28188514-2	2017	The chemosensor (E)-2-(4-mercaptostyryl)quinolin-8-ol L showed high selectivity for detection of cyanide over other anions such as F , Cl , Br , I , NO3 , SCN , N3 , ClO4 , H2PO4 , AcO , HCO3 , SO42  and HSO4 in aqueous solution.	Bicarbonates	187-191	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	149-152
28188514-2	2017	The chemosensor (E)-2-(4-mercaptostyryl)quinolin-8-ol L showed high selectivity for detection of cyanide over other anions such as F , Cl , Br , I , NO3 , SCN , N3 , ClO4 , H2PO4 , AcO , HCO3 , SO42  and HSO4 in aqueous solution.	Bicarbonates	187-191	sorcin	Homo sapiens	155-158
27876591-2	2017	CFTR is an anion channel that conducts bicarbonate and chloride across cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	39-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
28425719-3	2017	Monodentate mononuclear (MM1) surface complexes are shown to lead to the most favorable thermodynamic adsorption for both bicarbonate and nitrate with -63.91 and -28.25 kJ/mol, respectively, under neutral conditions.	Bicarbonates	122-133	prefoldin subunit 5	Homo sapiens	25-28
27981578-1	2017	KEY POINTS: The present study suggests that the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter, NBCe1, supported by carbonic anhydrase II, CAII, provides an efficient mechanism of bicarbonate sensing in cortical astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	68-79	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	115-136
27981578-1	2017	KEY POINTS: The present study suggests that the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter, NBCe1, supported by carbonic anhydrase II, CAII, provides an efficient mechanism of bicarbonate sensing in cortical astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	68-79	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	138-142
27981578-3	2017	A decrease in extracellular [HCO3- ] during isocapnic acidosis and isohydric hypocapnia, or an increase in intracellular [HCO3- ] during hypercapnic acidosis, was effectively sensed by NBCe1, which carried bicarbonate out of the cells under these conditions, and caused an acidification and sodium fall in WT astrocytes, but not in NBCe1-knockout astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	185-190
27981578-3	2017	A decrease in extracellular [HCO3- ] during isocapnic acidosis and isohydric hypocapnia, or an increase in intracellular [HCO3- ] during hypercapnic acidosis, was effectively sensed by NBCe1, which carried bicarbonate out of the cells under these conditions, and caused an acidification and sodium fall in WT astrocytes, but not in NBCe1-knockout astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	332-337
27981578-3	2017	A decrease in extracellular [HCO3- ] during isocapnic acidosis and isohydric hypocapnia, or an increase in intracellular [HCO3- ] during hypercapnic acidosis, was effectively sensed by NBCe1, which carried bicarbonate out of the cells under these conditions, and caused an acidification and sodium fall in WT astrocytes, but not in NBCe1-knockout astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	122-126	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	185-190
27981578-3	2017	A decrease in extracellular [HCO3- ] during isocapnic acidosis and isohydric hypocapnia, or an increase in intracellular [HCO3- ] during hypercapnic acidosis, was effectively sensed by NBCe1, which carried bicarbonate out of the cells under these conditions, and caused an acidification and sodium fall in WT astrocytes, but not in NBCe1-knockout astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	122-126	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	332-337
27981578-3	2017	A decrease in extracellular [HCO3- ] during isocapnic acidosis and isohydric hypocapnia, or an increase in intracellular [HCO3- ] during hypercapnic acidosis, was effectively sensed by NBCe1, which carried bicarbonate out of the cells under these conditions, and caused an acidification and sodium fall in WT astrocytes, but not in NBCe1-knockout astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	206-217	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	185-190
27981578-3	2017	A decrease in extracellular [HCO3- ] during isocapnic acidosis and isohydric hypocapnia, or an increase in intracellular [HCO3- ] during hypercapnic acidosis, was effectively sensed by NBCe1, which carried bicarbonate out of the cells under these conditions, and caused an acidification and sodium fall in WT astrocytes, but not in NBCe1-knockout astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	206-217	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	332-337
27981578-8	2017	We have previously shown that the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter, NBCe1, is a high-affinity bicarbonate carrier in cortical astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	54-65	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	81-86
27981578-9	2017	In the present study, we investigated whether NBCe1 plays a role in bicarbonate sensing in astrocytes, and in determining the pHi responses to extracellular acid/base challenges.	Bicarbonates	68-79	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	46-51
27981578-13	2017	Our results suggest that NBCe1 transport activity in astrocytes, supported by CA activity, renders astrocytes bicarbonate sensors in the mouse cortex.	Bicarbonates	110-121	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	25-30
27981578-14	2017	NBCe1 carried bicarbonate into and out of the cell by sensing the variations of transmembrane [HCO3- ], irrespective of the changes in intra- and extracellular pH, and played a major role in setting pHi responses to the extracellular acid/base challenges.	Bicarbonates	14-25	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
27981578-14	2017	NBCe1 carried bicarbonate into and out of the cell by sensing the variations of transmembrane [HCO3- ], irrespective of the changes in intra- and extracellular pH, and played a major role in setting pHi responses to the extracellular acid/base challenges.	Bicarbonates	14-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	199-202
27981578-14	2017	NBCe1 carried bicarbonate into and out of the cell by sensing the variations of transmembrane [HCO3- ], irrespective of the changes in intra- and extracellular pH, and played a major role in setting pHi responses to the extracellular acid/base challenges.	Bicarbonates	95-99	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
27981578-14	2017	NBCe1 carried bicarbonate into and out of the cell by sensing the variations of transmembrane [HCO3- ], irrespective of the changes in intra- and extracellular pH, and played a major role in setting pHi responses to the extracellular acid/base challenges.	Bicarbonates	95-99	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	199-202
28387307-2	2017	Erythroid and kidney AE1 play a major role in HCO3- and Cl- exchange.	Bicarbonates	46-50	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	21-24
28445932-1	2017	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is classified as an anion channel transporter of Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	116-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
28445932-1	2017	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is classified as an anion channel transporter of Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	116-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
28387307-6	2017	Here, the ability of stomatin to modulate AE1-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange was evaluated using stopped-flow methods.	Bicarbonates	60-64	stomatin	Homo sapiens	21-29
28387307-6	2017	Here, the ability of stomatin to modulate AE1-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange was evaluated using stopped-flow methods.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	42-45
28387307-9	2017	From alkalinization rate constants, we deduced a 47% decreased permeability to HCO3- for stomatin-deficient patients.	Bicarbonates	79-83	stomatin	Homo sapiens	89-97
28056586-7	2017	In multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with higher neuron-specific enolase levels were younger age, higher glucose, lower pH, and bicarbonate values.	Bicarbonates	147-158	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	68-91
28379294-7	2017	Bicarbonate concentration in allantoic fluid was lower for IVP than for AI or CSF2.	Bicarbonates	0-11	colony stimulating factor 2	Bos taurus	78-82
28384243-0	2017	Neuropeptide S reduces duodenal bicarbonate secretion and ethanol-induced increases in duodenal motility in rats.	Bicarbonates	32-43	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
28384243-7	2017	administration of NPS significantly reduced duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and stimulated mucosal transepithelial fluid absorption, mechanisms dependent on nitrergic signaling.	Bicarbonates	61-72	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
28384243-11	2017	In NPS-treated animals, duodenal perfusion of acid (pH 3) induced greater bicarbonate secretory rates than in controls.	Bicarbonates	74-85	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
28384243-12	2017	Pre-treating animals with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) inhibited the effect of NPS on bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	103-114	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
28094839-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a debilitating disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a Cl-/HCO3 - channel.	Bicarbonates	185-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	98-149
28094839-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a debilitating disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a Cl-/HCO3 - channel.	Bicarbonates	185-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	151-155
28648509-5	2017	Pendrin has affinity for chloride, iodide, and bicarbonate, among other anions.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
28157604-9	2017	The reactivity of the three methotrexate substructures decreased in the following order in the presence of HCO3-: ABZ &gt;&gt; DHP &gt;&gt; LG~0; however, without HCO3-, the following order was observed: ABZ ~ DHP &gt; LG.	Bicarbonates	107-111	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	127-130
27995646-12	2017	Alternative 1:2 and 1:1 stoichiometries for Cl- /HCO3- exchange via SLC26A6 at the apical membrane were able to support a HCO3- -rich secretion.	Bicarbonates	49-53	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Cavia porcellus	68-75
27995646-12	2017	Alternative 1:2 and 1:1 stoichiometries for Cl- /HCO3- exchange via SLC26A6 at the apical membrane were able to support a HCO3- -rich secretion.	Bicarbonates	122-126	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Cavia porcellus	68-75
27995646-13	2017	Raising the HCO3- /Cl- permeability ratio of CFTR from 0.4 to 1.0 had little impact upon either the secreted HCO3- concentration or the volume flow.	Bicarbonates	12-16	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	45-49
27995646-14	2017	However, modelling showed that a reduction in basolateral AE2 activity by ~80% was essential in minimizing the intracellular Cl- concentration following cAMP stimulation and thereby maximizing the secreted HCO3- concentration.	Bicarbonates	206-211	anion exchange protein 2	Cavia porcellus	58-61
27995646-15	2017	The addition of a basolateral Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1), assumed to be present in rat and mouse ducts, raised intracellular Cl- and resulted in a lower secreted HCO3- concentration, as is characteristic of those species.	Bicarbonates	171-176	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
28300821-10	2017	These data provide in vivo evidence that CFTR is an important regulator of bicarbonate secretion, which may be a translational link between CFTR function and clinical improvement.	Bicarbonates	75-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
28300821-10	2017	These data provide in vivo evidence that CFTR is an important regulator of bicarbonate secretion, which may be a translational link between CFTR function and clinical improvement.	Bicarbonates	75-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	140-144
28648509-6	2017	In the inner ear, pendrin functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is essential for maintaining the composition and the potential of the endolymph.	Bicarbonates	50-61	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	18-25
28648509-12	2017	In the kidney, pendrin is involved in bicarbonate secretion and chloride reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	38-49	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
27918944-2	2017	The analysis results showed that the spatial distributions of main chemical components in groundwater had great variations with statistical concentrations in the order of TDS&gt; HCO3&gt; Ca&gt; NO3&gt; Cl&gt; Na&gt; SO4&gt; Mg&gt; K&gt; NH4&gt; NO2.	Bicarbonates	179-183	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	195-198
28361424-0	2017	Role of Prolactin in the Regulation of Bicarbonates Biodynamics in Female Rat Model of Cholestasis of Pregnancy.	Bicarbonates	39-51	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	8-17
28361424-1	2017	We studied possible involvement of prolactin in the regulation of bicarbonate biodynamics using female rat model of cholestasis of pregnancy induced by transplantation of the donor pituitary under the renal capsule of a recipient (hyperprolactinemia) and bile duct ligation (cholestasis).	Bicarbonates	66-77	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	35-44
28361424-3	2017	It was found that the main effect of prolactin was directed to the kidney-regulated pool of bicarbonates and consisted in stimulation of their clearance and inhibition of reabsorption, which led to a decrease in bicarbonate blood concentration.	Bicarbonates	92-104	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	37-46
28361424-3	2017	It was found that the main effect of prolactin was directed to the kidney-regulated pool of bicarbonates and consisted in stimulation of their clearance and inhibition of reabsorption, which led to a decrease in bicarbonate blood concentration.	Bicarbonates	92-103	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	37-46
28361424-4	2017	Parallel influence of prolactin on the clearance of bicarbonates and sodium ions was observed.	Bicarbonates	52-64	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	22-31
26843101-8	2017	MMP-2 levels were correlated with pH at time 1 (r = 0.45, p = 0.018) and time 2 (r = 0.47, p = 0.015) and with initial serum bicarbonate at time 2 (r = 0.5, p = 0.008).	Bicarbonates	125-136	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
28077244-3	2017	The role of the Catsper channel in boar spermatozoa was investigated by extending the spermatozoa in media containing different calcium (Ca2+) availability and exposure to the capacitation-trigger bicarbonate, to progesterone or CatSper inhibitors (Mibefradil and NNC 55-0396), separately or sequentially, at physiological and toxicological doses.	Bicarbonates	197-208	cation channel sperm associated 1	Homo sapiens	16-23
28098099-4	2017	This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and IL-10 and serum bicarbonate and metabolic acidosis in HD patients.	Bicarbonates	86-97	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	61-65
27660281-6	2017	RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the signal intensity ratio of the pancreas to spleen (SIRp/s) between the normal and low bicarbonate groups (p &lt; 0.0001).	Bicarbonates	136-147	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	101-105
27660281-7	2017	A significant positive correlation was found between pancreatic fluid bicarbonate level and SIRp/s (p &lt; 0.0001).	Bicarbonates	70-81	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	92-96
28013465-7	2017	Inorganic anions such as NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and CO32- inhibited the degradation of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide during the UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes.	Bicarbonates	43-47	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	25-28
28045035-1	2017	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in erythrocytes and kidney intercalated cells where it functions to maintain normal bodily acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
28045035-1	2017	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in erythrocytes and kidney intercalated cells where it functions to maintain normal bodily acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
27834953-1	2017	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated anion channel capable of conducting both Cl- and HCO3-, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a common autosomal recessive disease.	Bicarbonates	128-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-51
27834953-1	2017	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated anion channel capable of conducting both Cl- and HCO3-, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a common autosomal recessive disease.	Bicarbonates	128-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	53-57
27353306-4	2017	Comparisons of cells from wild-type vs. AE3-/- mice show that AE3 (present in hippocampal neurons, not astrocytes; mediates HCO3- efflux) enhances intracellular pH (pHi ) recovery (decrease) from alkali loads in neurons and, surprisingly, adjacent astrocytes.	Bicarbonates	124-128	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	62-65
27353306-9	2017	ABSTRACT: The anion exchanger AE3, expressed in hippocampal (HC) neurons but not astrocytes, contributes to intracellular pH (pHi ) regulation by facilitating the exchange of extracellular Cl- for intracellular HCO3- .	Bicarbonates	211-216	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	30-33
27353306-9	2017	ABSTRACT: The anion exchanger AE3, expressed in hippocampal (HC) neurons but not astrocytes, contributes to intracellular pH (pHi ) regulation by facilitating the exchange of extracellular Cl- for intracellular HCO3- .	Bicarbonates	211-216	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	126-129
28638614-1	2017	Distal renal tubular acidosis caused by missense mutations in kidney isoform of anion exchanger 1 (kAE1/SLC4A1), the basolateral membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger of renal alpha-intercalated cells, has been extensively investigated in heterologous expression systems but rarely in human kidneys.	Bicarbonates	142-146	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	80-97
28638614-1	2017	Distal renal tubular acidosis caused by missense mutations in kidney isoform of anion exchanger 1 (kAE1/SLC4A1), the basolateral membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger of renal alpha-intercalated cells, has been extensively investigated in heterologous expression systems but rarely in human kidneys.	Bicarbonates	142-146	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	99-103
28638614-1	2017	Distal renal tubular acidosis caused by missense mutations in kidney isoform of anion exchanger 1 (kAE1/SLC4A1), the basolateral membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger of renal alpha-intercalated cells, has been extensively investigated in heterologous expression systems but rarely in human kidneys.	Bicarbonates	142-146	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-110
27957817-0	2017	Monocarboxylate Transporter-1 Mediates the Protective Effects of Neutral-pH Bicarbonate/Lactate-Buffered Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid on Cell Viability and Apoptosis.	Bicarbonates	76-87	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-29
28112296-3	2017	Two series of independent experiments were conducted and gave the first stepwise conditional bicarbonate-free Pu-transferrin binding constant of .	Bicarbonates	93-104	transferrin	Homo sapiens	113-124
28112296-4	2017	In the absence of bicarbonate the affinity of transferrin for plutonium at pH 6 is about 104 times stronger than that of iron at pH 6.7 .	Bicarbonates	18-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
27699454-3	2017	If allowed to leave the ER, CFTR is modified at the Golgi and reaches the post-Golgi compartments to be delivered to the plasma membrane where it functions as a cAMP- and phosphorylation-regulated chloride/bicarbonate channel.	Bicarbonates	206-217	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
28249274-3	2017	Responsiveness to ursodeoxycholic acid and reduced expression of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) on canalicular membranes and small bile ducts underline the importance of bicarbonate transportation in its disease mechanism.	Bicarbonates	163-174	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	65-82
28249274-3	2017	Responsiveness to ursodeoxycholic acid and reduced expression of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) on canalicular membranes and small bile ducts underline the importance of bicarbonate transportation in its disease mechanism.	Bicarbonates	163-174	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
28249274-4	2017	Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC; ADCY10) is an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor that regulates apoptosis, barrier function and TNF signaling.	Bicarbonates	70-81	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	31-37
28249274-7	2017	Reduced AE2 expression results in both reduced bicarbonate secretion and accumulation of bicarbonate in the cells.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	8-11
28249274-7	2017	Reduced AE2 expression results in both reduced bicarbonate secretion and accumulation of bicarbonate in the cells.	Bicarbonates	89-100	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	8-11
28098099-4	2017	This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and IL-10 and serum bicarbonate and metabolic acidosis in HD patients.	Bicarbonates	86-97	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	70-75
28098099-14	2017	Based on the results, metabolic acidosis and bicarbonate could be considered prognostic factors to differentiate the increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and associated morbidity and mortality.	Bicarbonates	45-56	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	137-141
28098099-14	2017	Based on the results, metabolic acidosis and bicarbonate could be considered prognostic factors to differentiate the increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and associated morbidity and mortality.	Bicarbonates	45-56	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	146-151
27653163-6	2016	In addition, GLP-2, the other major proglucagon-derived peptide, has potent intestinotrophic effects, such as increasing the rate of mucosal stem cell proliferation, mucosal blood flow, and fluid absorption, as well as augmenting the rate of duodenal bicarbonate secretion to improve gastric mucosal health and longevity.	Bicarbonates	251-262	glucagon	Homo sapiens	13-18
27923039-5	2016	Lack of MPK12 impaired bicarbonate-induced activation of S-type anion channels.	Bicarbonates	23-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 12	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-13
27717063-2	2017	Bor1p belongs to the SLC4 family which controls bicarbonate exchange and pH regulation in animals as well as borate uptake in plants.	Bicarbonates	48-59	Bor1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
27920473-11	2016	CONCLUSION: The data strongly suggests that NBC1 is diversely expressed in the pancreas at different developmental stages, where it may exert its functions in pancreatic development especially islet cell growth through HCO3- transport and pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	219-223	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
27917251-3	2016	The TK assay is based on the direct quantitative measurement of bicarbonate ions released during the transketolase-catalysed reaction in the presence of hydroxypyruvic acid as the donor, thanks to an irreversible reaction: bicarbonate ions react with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the presence of PEP carboxylase as the first auxiliary enzyme.	Bicarbonates	64-75	transketolase	Homo sapiens	4-6
27917251-3	2016	The TK assay is based on the direct quantitative measurement of bicarbonate ions released during the transketolase-catalysed reaction in the presence of hydroxypyruvic acid as the donor, thanks to an irreversible reaction: bicarbonate ions react with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the presence of PEP carboxylase as the first auxiliary enzyme.	Bicarbonates	64-75	transketolase	Homo sapiens	101-114
27917251-3	2016	The TK assay is based on the direct quantitative measurement of bicarbonate ions released during the transketolase-catalysed reaction in the presence of hydroxypyruvic acid as the donor, thanks to an irreversible reaction: bicarbonate ions react with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the presence of PEP carboxylase as the first auxiliary enzyme.	Bicarbonates	223-234	transketolase	Homo sapiens	4-6
27917251-3	2016	The TK assay is based on the direct quantitative measurement of bicarbonate ions released during the transketolase-catalysed reaction in the presence of hydroxypyruvic acid as the donor, thanks to an irreversible reaction: bicarbonate ions react with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the presence of PEP carboxylase as the first auxiliary enzyme.	Bicarbonates	223-234	transketolase	Homo sapiens	101-114
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	133-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	133-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	133-144	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	71-110
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	133-144	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	112-119
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	194-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	194-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	194-205	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	71-110
27615377-6	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	194-205	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	112-119
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	133-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	133-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	133-144	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	71-110
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	133-144	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	112-119
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	194-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	194-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	194-205	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	71-110
27615377-9	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) are two key bicarbonate transport proteins that mediate duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, which is an important protective factor against acid-induced duodenal injury.	Bicarbonates	194-205	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	112-119
27338124-15	2016	When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we find that the R510H and Q913R-mutant NBCe1 molecules exhibit apparently normal Na+ /HCO3- cotransport activity but that Q913R is associated with an unusual HCO3- independent anion-leak.	Bicarbonates	122-126	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	75-80
26969473-1	2016	Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation fundamentally participates in maintaining HCO3- release from HCO3--secreting epithelia.	Bicarbonates	76-80	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
26969473-1	2016	Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation fundamentally participates in maintaining HCO3- release from HCO3--secreting epithelia.	Bicarbonates	95-99	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
27733410-14	2016	The SP-D level may be used as a marker in the follow-up of BCT-related complications.	Bicarbonates	59-62	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	4-8
26969473-2	2016	We used parotid intralobular ducts loaded with BCECF to investigate the contributions of a carbonic anhydrase (CA), anion channels and a Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE) to pHi regulation for HCO3- secretion by cAMP and Ca2+ signals.	Bicarbonates	182-186	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
26969473-7	2016	Our results suggest that forskolin and carbachol primarily activate the pHi-lowering CA and pHi-raising NHE, respectively, to regulate pHi for HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	143-147	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
26969473-7	2016	Our results suggest that forskolin and carbachol primarily activate the pHi-lowering CA and pHi-raising NHE, respectively, to regulate pHi for HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	143-147	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
26969473-7	2016	Our results suggest that forskolin and carbachol primarily activate the pHi-lowering CA and pHi-raising NHE, respectively, to regulate pHi for HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	143-147	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
27338124-1	2016	KEY POINTS: The inheritance of two defective alleles of SLC4A4, the gene that encodes the widely-expressed electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1, results in the bicarbonate-wasting disease proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA).	Bicarbonates	127-138	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
27338124-1	2016	KEY POINTS: The inheritance of two defective alleles of SLC4A4, the gene that encodes the widely-expressed electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1, results in the bicarbonate-wasting disease proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA).	Bicarbonates	127-138	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	153-158
27786259-0	2016	Goblet Cell Hyperplasia Requires High Bicarbonate Transport To Support Mucin Release.	Bicarbonates	38-49	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	71-76
27786259-3	2016	At the functional level, we find that IL-4 enhances calcium- and cAMP-activated chloride/bicarbonate secretion, resulting in high bicarbonate concentration and alkaline pH in the fluid covering the apical surface of epithelia.	Bicarbonates	89-100	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
27786259-3	2016	At the functional level, we find that IL-4 enhances calcium- and cAMP-activated chloride/bicarbonate secretion, resulting in high bicarbonate concentration and alkaline pH in the fluid covering the apical surface of epithelia.	Bicarbonates	130-141	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
27786259-4	2016	Importantly, mucin release, elicited by purinergic stimulation, requires the presence of bicarbonate in the basolateral solution and is defective in cells derived from cystic fibrosis patients.	Bicarbonates	89-100	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	13-18
27575256-2	2016	CA IX is a highly active catalyst for the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, being involved in pH regulation, but also contributes to the acquisition of metastasic phenotypes and to chemoresistance with some widely used anticancer drugs.	Bicarbonates	63-74	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
26620679-5	2016	The anions in the area varied in the order HCO3 (-) &gt; Cl(-) &gt; SO4 (2-) &gt; NO3 (-) and cations varied in the order Ca(2+) &gt; Mg(2+) &gt; Na(+) &gt; K(+) &gt; Fe(2+).	Bicarbonates	43-47	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	82-85
26913920-1	2016	PURPOSE: Four mitochondrial metabolic liver enzymes require bicarbonate, which is provided by the carbonic anhydrase isoforms VA (CAVA) and VB (CAVB).	Bicarbonates	60-71	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	130-134
26913920-1	2016	PURPOSE: Four mitochondrial metabolic liver enzymes require bicarbonate, which is provided by the carbonic anhydrase isoforms VA (CAVA) and VB (CAVB).	Bicarbonates	60-71	carbonic anhydrase 5B	Homo sapiens	144-148
27547922-6	2016	LRE1 bound to the bicarbonate activator binding site and inhibited sAC via a unique allosteric mechanism.	Bicarbonates	18-29	LINE1 retrotransposable element 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27358052-0	2016	High-mobility group box 1 inhibits HCO3- absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through RAGE-Rho-ROCK-mediated inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	35-39	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-25
27510033-0	2016	HCO3- Transport through Anoctamin/Transmembrane Protein ANO1/TMEM16A in Pancreatic Acinar Cells Regulates Luminal pH.	Bicarbonates	0-4	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
27510033-0	2016	HCO3- Transport through Anoctamin/Transmembrane Protein ANO1/TMEM16A in Pancreatic Acinar Cells Regulates Luminal pH.	Bicarbonates	0-4	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	61-68
27510033-4	2016	Our data show that, under physiologically relevant stimulation with 10 pm cholesystokinin, the luminal acid load that results from the exocytic fusion of zymogen granules is significantly blunted by HCO3 (-) buffer in comparison with HEPES, and that this is blocked by the specific TMEM16A inhibitor T16inh-A01.	Bicarbonates	199-205	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	282-289
27510033-6	2016	We conclude that ANO1/TMEM16A is a significant pathway in pancreatic acinar cells for HCO3 (-) secretion into the lumen.	Bicarbonates	86-90	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
27510033-6	2016	We conclude that ANO1/TMEM16A is a significant pathway in pancreatic acinar cells for HCO3 (-) secretion into the lumen.	Bicarbonates	86-90	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	22-29
27595783-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Human anion exchanger 1 and 2 (AE1 and AE2) mediate the exchange of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) across the plasma membrane and regulate intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	86-90	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	18-41
27595783-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Human anion exchanger 1 and 2 (AE1 and AE2) mediate the exchange of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) across the plasma membrane and regulate intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	86-90	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-46
27595783-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Human anion exchanger 1 and 2 (AE1 and AE2) mediate the exchange of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) across the plasma membrane and regulate intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	86-90	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
27595783-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Human anion exchanger 1 and 2 (AE1 and AE2) mediate the exchange of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) across the plasma membrane and regulate intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	86-90	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	153-156
27358052-0	2016	High-mobility group box 1 inhibits HCO3- absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through RAGE-Rho-ROCK-mediated inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	35-39	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
27358052-2	2016	Recently, we demonstrated that HMGB1 inhibits HCO3 (-) absorption in perfused rat medullary thick ascending limbs (MTAL) through a basolateral receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-dependent pathway that is additive to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK-mediated inhibition by LPS (Good DW, George T, Watts BA III.	Bicarbonates	46-50	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
27358052-2	2016	Recently, we demonstrated that HMGB1 inhibits HCO3 (-) absorption in perfused rat medullary thick ascending limbs (MTAL) through a basolateral receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-dependent pathway that is additive to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK-mediated inhibition by LPS (Good DW, George T, Watts BA III.	Bicarbonates	46-50	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
27358052-5	2016	Inhibition of HCO3 (-) absorption by HMGB1 was eliminated by the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 and by a specific inhibitor of Rho, the major upstream activator of ROCK.	Bicarbonates	14-18	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
27358052-9	2016	Inhibition of HCO3 (-) absorption by HMGB1 was eliminated by bath amiloride, 0 Na(+) bath, and the F-actin stabilizer jasplakinolide, three conditions that selectively prevent inhibition of MTAL HCO3 (-) absorption mediated through NHE1.	Bicarbonates	14-18	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
27358052-9	2016	Inhibition of HCO3 (-) absorption by HMGB1 was eliminated by bath amiloride, 0 Na(+) bath, and the F-actin stabilizer jasplakinolide, three conditions that selectively prevent inhibition of MTAL HCO3 (-) absorption mediated through NHE1.	Bicarbonates	14-18	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	232-236
27358052-9	2016	Inhibition of HCO3 (-) absorption by HMGB1 was eliminated by bath amiloride, 0 Na(+) bath, and the F-actin stabilizer jasplakinolide, three conditions that selectively prevent inhibition of MTAL HCO3 (-) absorption mediated through NHE1.	Bicarbonates	195-199	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
27358052-11	2016	We conclude that HMGB1 inhibits HCO3 (-) absorption in the MTAL through a RAGE-RhoA-ROCK1 signaling pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE1.	Bicarbonates	32-36	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
27358052-13	2016	HMGB1 and LPS inhibit HCO3 (-) absorption through different receptor signaling and transport mechanisms, which enables these pathogenic mediators to act directly and independently to impair MTAL function.	Bicarbonates	22-26	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
27365309-8	2016	We showed that translocation is driven by an electrochemical gradient generated by apical accumulation of Cl(-) and HCO3(-) through CFTR.	Bicarbonates	116-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	132-136
27630286-1	2016	BACKGROUND/AIM: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) catalyses the interconversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate and is considered a putative biomarker of tumour hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	113-124	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	16-37
27630286-1	2016	BACKGROUND/AIM: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) catalyses the interconversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate and is considered a putative biomarker of tumour hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	113-124	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	39-42
27628629-3	2016	Subsequently, NBCe2 was found in diverse locations where it plays a role in regulating sodium and bicarbonate transport, influencing intracellular, extracellular, interstitial, and ultimately plasma pH (Boron et al.	Bicarbonates	98-109	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	14-19
27301647-7	2016	In P2X4-KO mice, post-PH biliary adaptation was impaired with a smaller increase in bile flow and HCO3 (-) biliary output, as well as altered biliary composition with reduced adenosine triphosphate and lysosomal enzyme release.	Bicarbonates	98-102	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 4	Mus musculus	3-7
27341355-5	2016	Alcohol consumption impairs cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity leading to decreased bicarbonate secretion and patients with susceptible CFTR mutations can develop clinical pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	117-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-79
27341355-5	2016	Alcohol consumption impairs cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity leading to decreased bicarbonate secretion and patients with susceptible CFTR mutations can develop clinical pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	117-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
26839367-3	2016	Because receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors render JHCO3 in the PT insensitive to changes in CO2 concentration, we hypothesized that the structural features of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-gamma (RPTPgamma) that are consistent with binding of extracellular CO2 or HCO3 (-) facilitate monitoring of blood CO2/HCO3 (-) concentrations.	Bicarbonates	52-56	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G	Mus musculus	205-214
26839367-3	2016	Because receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors render JHCO3 in the PT insensitive to changes in CO2 concentration, we hypothesized that the structural features of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-gamma (RPTPgamma) that are consistent with binding of extracellular CO2 or HCO3 (-) facilitate monitoring of blood CO2/HCO3 (-) concentrations.	Bicarbonates	273-277	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G	Mus musculus	160-203
26839367-6	2016	Thus, RPTPgamma appears to be a novel extracellular CO2/HCO3 (-) sensor critical for pH homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	56-60	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G	Mus musculus	6-15
26839367-3	2016	Because receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors render JHCO3 in the PT insensitive to changes in CO2 concentration, we hypothesized that the structural features of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-gamma (RPTPgamma) that are consistent with binding of extracellular CO2 or HCO3 (-) facilitate monitoring of blood CO2/HCO3 (-) concentrations.	Bicarbonates	273-277	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G	Mus musculus	205-214
26839367-5	2016	Moreover, RPTPgamma deletion in mice eliminated the CO2 and HCO3 (-) sensitivities of JHCO3 as well as the normal defense of blood pH during whole-body acidosis.	Bicarbonates	60-64	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G	Mus musculus	10-19
26751771-2	2016	In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CFTR promotes chloride and bicarbonate secretion, playing an essential role in ion and acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	62-73	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	35-39
27574292-9	2016	We suggest that pH, through the combined effects of pHi and pHo on ClC-K2, might be a key regulator of NaCl absorption and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange in type B intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	129-133	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	52-55
27574292-9	2016	We suggest that pH, through the combined effects of pHi and pHo on ClC-K2, might be a key regulator of NaCl absorption and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange in type B intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	129-133	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	67-73
27228994-6	2016	In addition, NBCe1 was found to be active during transport processes that load the surface enterocytes with acid, such as Slc26a3 (DRA)-mediated luminal Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange or PEPT1-mediated H(+)/dipeptide uptake.	Bicarbonates	159-163	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	122-129
26991014-1	2016	UNLABELLED: Anion exchanger 2 (AE2), the principal bicarbonate secretor in the human biliary tree, is down-regulated in primary biliary cholangitis.	Bicarbonates	51-62	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-29
26991014-1	2016	UNLABELLED: Anion exchanger 2 (AE2), the principal bicarbonate secretor in the human biliary tree, is down-regulated in primary biliary cholangitis.	Bicarbonates	51-62	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
26991014-2	2016	AE2 creates a "bicarbonate umbrella" that protects cholangiocytes from the proapoptotic effects of bile salts by maintaining them deprotonated.	Bicarbonates	15-26	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
26991014-5	2016	We found that AE2 deficiency led to intracellular bicarbonate accumulation and increased expression and activity of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor.	Bicarbonates	50-61	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
26991014-5	2016	We found that AE2 deficiency led to intracellular bicarbonate accumulation and increased expression and activity of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor.	Bicarbonates	176-187	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
26245938-8	2016	Oncocytes expressed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and sodium/potassium ATPase, ion channels that play a role in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	134-145	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-71
27125215-2	2016	We report here the functional characterization of human SLC26A1, a 4,4"-diisothiocyanato-2,2"-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive, electroneutral sodium-independent anion exchanger transporting sulfate, oxalate, bicarbonate, thiosulfate, and (with divergent properties) chloride.	Bicarbonates	217-228	solute carrier family 26 member 1	Homo sapiens	56-63
27226582-1	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, ABCC7), mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and works as a channel for small anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	236-247	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
27606111-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage-and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions.	Bicarbonates	204-215	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	50-53
27226582-1	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, ABCC7), mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and works as a channel for small anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	236-247	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
27226582-1	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, ABCC7), mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and works as a channel for small anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	236-247	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	63-68
27391897-1	2016	Anion exchanger 2 (Ae2; gene symbol, Slc4a2) is a plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and bone.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	19-22
27197160-3	2016	In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that impeding the reuptake of bicarbonate produced extracellularly by CA9 could exacerbate the intracellular acidity produced by hypoxic conditions, perhaps compromising cell growth and viability as a result.	Bicarbonates	76-87	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	116-119
27424705-1	2016	Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), also known as Type II RTA, is characterized by a defect in the ability to reabsorb bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	135-140	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	33-36
28712214-9	2016	Insulin dependent diabetics had statistically significant hyperglucagonemia, acidemia and bicarbonate deficit.	Bicarbonates	90-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
27424705-1	2016	Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), also known as Type II RTA, is characterized by a defect in the ability to reabsorb bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	135-140	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	53-64
27424705-1	2016	Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), also known as Type II RTA, is characterized by a defect in the ability to reabsorb bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	122-133	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	33-36
27424705-1	2016	Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), also known as Type II RTA, is characterized by a defect in the ability to reabsorb bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	122-133	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	53-64
28330086-1	2016	Carbonic anhydrase VA (CAVA) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to produce HCO3- and proton.	Bicarbonates	113-117	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	0-21
27166256-8	2016	In every model system studied, HSeO3- uptake is tightly associated with ZIP8 protein levels and sufficient Zn2+ and HCO3- concentrations, suggesting that the ZIP8-mediated electroneutral complex transported contains three ions: Zn2+/(HCO3-)(HSeO3-).	Bicarbonates	116-120	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	158-162
27346053-0	2016	Involvement of Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 in preimplantation embryo cleavage.	Bicarbonates	21-25	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	39-46
27346053-5	2016	Cleavage-associated HCO3(-)-dependent events, including increase of intracellular pH, upregulation of miR-125b and downregulation of p53, also required Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	20-24	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	133-136
27346053-6	2016	We further showed that Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) A3 and A6 were expressed at 2-cell through blastocyst stage.	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	47-82
27346053-8	2016	These results indicate the involvement of SLC26A3 and A6 in transporting HCO3(-) essential for embryo cleavage, possibly working in concert with CFTR through a Cl(-) recycling pathway.	Bicarbonates	73-77	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	42-49
27166256-0	2016	Zinc- and bicarbonate-dependent ZIP8 transporter mediates selenite uptake.	Bicarbonates	10-21	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	32-36
27166256-4	2016	The ubiquitous mammalian ZIP8 divalent cation transporter (encoded by the SLC39A8 gene) is bicarbonate-dependent, moving endogenous substrates (Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ or Co2+) and nonessential metals such as Cd2+ into the cell.	Bicarbonates	91-102	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	25-29
27166256-4	2016	The ubiquitous mammalian ZIP8 divalent cation transporter (encoded by the SLC39A8 gene) is bicarbonate-dependent, moving endogenous substrates (Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ or Co2+) and nonessential metals such as Cd2+ into the cell.	Bicarbonates	91-102	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	74-81
27250760-2	2016	Here, we show that maintenance of the low pH of the acidic region is dependent on H(+) V-ATPase, together with carbonic anhydrase and five further transporters or channels that mediate K(+), Cl(-) and HCO3(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	201-205	Vacuolar H[+]-ATPase SFD subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	87-95
28330086-1	2016	Carbonic anhydrase VA (CAVA) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to produce HCO3- and proton.	Bicarbonates	113-117	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	23-27
28330086-2	2016	CAV is primarily involved in several biosynthetic processes such as ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis by providing bicarbonate ion.	Bicarbonates	126-137	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	0-3
27114614-0	2016	Ae4 (Slc4a9) is an electroneutral monovalent cation-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	66-70	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	0-3
26932931-1	2016	Pendrin (SLC26A4) is a Cl(-)/anion exchanger expressed in the epithelium of inflamed airways where it is thought to facilitate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3 (-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
26932931-1	2016	Pendrin (SLC26A4) is a Cl(-)/anion exchanger expressed in the epithelium of inflamed airways where it is thought to facilitate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3 (-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-16
26932931-8	2016	These studies implicate the involvement of pendrin-facilitated Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) in the regulation of ASL volume and suggest the utility of pendrin inhibitors in inflammatory lung diseases, including CF.-Haggie, P. M., Phuan, P.-W., Tan, J.-A., Zlock, L., Finkbeiner, W. E., Verkman, A. S. Inhibitors of pendrin anion exchange identified in a small molecule screen increase airway surface liquid volume in cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	43-50
27114614-6	2016	Although the Ae4 anion exchanger is thought to regulate intracellular Cl(-) concentration in exocrine gland acinar cells, our thermodynamic calculations predict that the intracellular Na(+), Cl(-), and HCO3 (-) concentrations required for Ae4-mediated Cl(-) influx differ markedly from those reported for acinar secretory cells at rest or under sustained stimulation.	Bicarbonates	202-208	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	13-16
27114614-6	2016	Although the Ae4 anion exchanger is thought to regulate intracellular Cl(-) concentration in exocrine gland acinar cells, our thermodynamic calculations predict that the intracellular Na(+), Cl(-), and HCO3 (-) concentrations required for Ae4-mediated Cl(-) influx differ markedly from those reported for acinar secretory cells at rest or under sustained stimulation.	Bicarbonates	202-208	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	239-242
27114614-7	2016	Given that K(+) ions share many properties with Na(+) ions and reach intracellular concentrations of 140-150 mM (essentially the same as extracellular [Na(+)]), we hypothesize that Ae4 could mediate K(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	220-224	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	181-184
26581346-10	2016	A significant negative correlation was noted between parathyroid hormone level and serum bicarbonate level.	Bicarbonates	89-100	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	53-72
27120676-9	2016	For each 1000 m of altitude above sea level, HCO3(-) decreases to 0.55 and 1.5 mEq/L in subjects living at sea level with acute exposure to altitude and in subjects acclimatized to altitude, respectively.	Bicarbonates	45-49	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	34-37
27120676-9	2016	For each 1000 m of altitude above sea level, HCO3(-) decreases to 0.55 and 1.5 mEq/L in subjects living at sea level with acute exposure to altitude and in subjects acclimatized to altitude, respectively.	Bicarbonates	45-49	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	107-110
26663196-0	2016	Pore dilatation increases the bicarbonate permeability of CFTR, ANO1 and glycine receptor anion channels.	Bicarbonates	30-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
26663196-4	2016	Pore dilatation increases the bicarbonate permeability (P HC O3/ Cl ) of CFTR, ANO1 and GlyR.	Bicarbonates	30-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
27114540-5	2016	However, recent discoveries focused attention on CFTR-mediated HCO3 (-) secretion and airway surface liquid (ASL) pH as critical for host defense and CF pathogenesis.	Bicarbonates	63-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	49-53
27114540-8	2016	Likewise, heterozygous epithelia (CFTR(+/-) or CFTR(+/ F508)) expressed CFTR and secreted HCO3 (-) at ~50% of wild-type values.	Bicarbonates	90-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
27114540-8	2016	Likewise, heterozygous epithelia (CFTR(+/-) or CFTR(+/ F508)) expressed CFTR and secreted HCO3 (-) at ~50% of wild-type values.	Bicarbonates	90-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
27114540-8	2016	Likewise, heterozygous epithelia (CFTR(+/-) or CFTR(+/ F508)) expressed CFTR and secreted HCO3 (-) at ~50% of wild-type values.	Bicarbonates	90-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
27114540-10	2016	Overexpressing CFTR increased HCO3 (-) secretion to rates greater than wild type, but ASL pH did not exceed wild-type values.	Bicarbonates	30-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
27114540-11	2016	Thus, in contrast to Cl(-) secretion, the amount of CFTR is rate-limiting for HCO3 (-) secretion and for correcting host defense abnormalities.	Bicarbonates	78-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	52-56
27114614-8	2016	Indeed, we find that Ae4 mediates Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity in the presence of K(+) as well as Cs(+), Li(+), and Rb(+) In summary, our results strongly suggest that Ae4 is an electroneutral Cl(-)/nonselective cation-HCO3 (-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	21-24
27114614-8	2016	Indeed, we find that Ae4 mediates Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity in the presence of K(+) as well as Cs(+), Li(+), and Rb(+) In summary, our results strongly suggest that Ae4 is an electroneutral Cl(-)/nonselective cation-HCO3 (-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	223-227	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	21-24
27114614-8	2016	Indeed, we find that Ae4 mediates Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity in the presence of K(+) as well as Cs(+), Li(+), and Rb(+) In summary, our results strongly suggest that Ae4 is an electroneutral Cl(-)/nonselective cation-HCO3 (-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	223-227	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	172-175
27114614-9	2016	We postulate that the physiological role of Ae4 in secretory cells is to promote Cl(-) influx in exchange for K(+)(Na(+)) and HCO3 (-) ions.	Bicarbonates	126-130	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	44-47
27114614-0	2016	Ae4 (Slc4a9) is an electroneutral monovalent cation-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	66-70	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	5-11
27114614-1	2016	Ae4 (Slc4a9) belongs to the Slc4a family of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchangers and Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporters, but its ion transport cycle is poorly understood.	Bicarbonates	50-54	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	0-3
27114614-1	2016	Ae4 (Slc4a9) belongs to the Slc4a family of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchangers and Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporters, but its ion transport cycle is poorly understood.	Bicarbonates	50-54	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	5-11
27114614-2	2016	In this study, we find that native Ae4 activity in mouse salivary gland acinar cells supports Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange that is comparable with that obtained upon heterologous expression of mouse Ae4 and human AE4 in CHO-K1 cells.	Bicarbonates	116-120	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	35-38
26988768-5	2016	Pre-exercise, at the end of exercise, and 5-min postexercise blood pH, base excess, and bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO3(-)]) were significantly elevated for BIC and BIC-CAF compared with CAF and PLA.	Bicarbonates	88-99	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Homo sapiens	174-177
26990457-0	2016	Hyperpolarized (13)C-lactate to (13)C-bicarbonate ratio as a biomarker for monitoring the acute response of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.	Bicarbonates	38-49	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	154-158
27109633-4	2016	Blockade of ER-to-Golgi transport or activation of ER stress signals induced Golgi-independent cell-surface expression of H723R-pendrin and restored its cell-surface Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	172-176	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	128-135
26988768-5	2016	Pre-exercise, at the end of exercise, and 5-min postexercise blood pH, base excess, and bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO3(-)]) were significantly elevated for BIC and BIC-CAF compared with CAF and PLA.	Bicarbonates	120-124	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Homo sapiens	174-177
26988768-6	2016	TLIM (median; interquartile range) was significantly greater for CAF (399; 350-415 s; P = 0.039; r = 0.6) and BIC-CAF (367; 333-402 s; P = 0.028; r = 0.6) compared with BIC (313: 284-448 s) although not compared with PLA (358; 290-433 s; P = 0.249, r = 0.3 and P = 0.099 and r = 0.5, respectively).	Bicarbonates	110-113	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Homo sapiens	114-117
27003291-7	2016	Although bicarbonate-dependent SACY activity requires Ca(2+), basal SACY activity is suppressed by Ca(2+).	Bicarbonates	9-20	adenylate cyclase 10	Mus musculus	31-35
27117802-1	2016	UNLABELLED: The bicarbonate transporter, NBCe1 (SLC4A4), is necessary for at least two components of the proximal tubule contribution to acid-base homeostasis, filtered bicarbonate reabsorption, and ammonia metabolism.	Bicarbonates	16-27	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	48-54
26316168-4	2016	Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was higher in the BCT group compared with the NT group, and neurotrophin-3 immunoreactivity in the BCT group was greater compared with the other groups.	Bicarbonates	49-52	synaptophysin	Homo sapiens	0-13
26938218-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: CPS1 is the rate-limiting enzyme for the urea cycle, catalyzing carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate in the mitochondria.	Bicarbonates	114-125	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
26989929-1	2016	Secretin is a hormone that stimulates the exocrine pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate-rich fluid from the acinar cells of the pancreas that accumulates within the pancreatic ductal lumen.	Bicarbonates	75-86	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
26764375-3	2016	Here, we demonstrate that high intracellular CO2/HCO3 (-) enhances currents mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell S-type anion channel SLAC1 upon coexpression of any one of the Arabidopsis protein kinases OST1, CPK6, or CPK23 in Xenopus laevis oocytes.	Bicarbonates	49-53	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	145-150
26719229-5	2016	Abnormal CFTR mediated bicarbonate transport creates an unfavourable, acidic environment, which impairs antimicrobial function and alters mucus properties and clearance.	Bicarbonates	23-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
26433893-4	2016	Monocyte expressed HSP72 was significantly attenuated after EXB1 in BICARB compared to PLAC, however, there was no difference in the HSP72 response to the subsequent EXB2 between conditions.	Bicarbonates	68-74	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Homo sapiens	19-24
27011043-10	2016	CONCLUSION: The bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDF decreased the FDP and VEGF concentrations in the drained dialysate.	Bicarbonates	16-27	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	79-83
26477665-3	2016	The decrease in serum bicarbonate concentration is usually absent until glomerular filtration rate decreases to &lt;20 to 25mL/min/1.73 m(2), although it can develop with lesser degrees of decreased kidney function.	Bicarbonates	22-33	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-132
26538443-1	2016	Pendrin is a Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger found in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells within the aldosterone-sensitive region of the nephron, i.e., the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the connecting tubule (CNT), and the cortical collecting duct (CCD).	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
26538443-2	2016	Type B intercalated cells mediate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion primarily through pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	55-59	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	91-98
26538443-2	2016	Type B intercalated cells mediate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion primarily through pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	91-98
26538443-4	2016	In the absence of pendrin-mediated HCO3(-) secretion, an enhanced alkalosis is observed following aldosterone or NaHCO3 administration.	Bicarbonates	35-39	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	18-25
26538443-7	2016	Pendrin changes ENaC activity by changing both channel open probability (Po) and surface density (N), at least partly by altering luminal HCO3(-) and ATP concentration.	Bicarbonates	138-142	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
26764375-3	2016	Here, we demonstrate that high intracellular CO2/HCO3 (-) enhances currents mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell S-type anion channel SLAC1 upon coexpression of any one of the Arabidopsis protein kinases OST1, CPK6, or CPK23 in Xenopus laevis oocytes.	Bicarbonates	49-53	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	215-219
26764375-3	2016	Here, we demonstrate that high intracellular CO2/HCO3 (-) enhances currents mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell S-type anion channel SLAC1 upon coexpression of any one of the Arabidopsis protein kinases OST1, CPK6, or CPK23 in Xenopus laevis oocytes.	Bicarbonates	49-53	Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	221-225
26764375-3	2016	Here, we demonstrate that high intracellular CO2/HCO3 (-) enhances currents mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell S-type anion channel SLAC1 upon coexpression of any one of the Arabidopsis protein kinases OST1, CPK6, or CPK23 in Xenopus laevis oocytes.	Bicarbonates	49-53	calcium-dependent protein kinase 23	Arabidopsis thaliana	230-235
26764375-10	2016	These data further implicate SLAC1 as a bicarbonate-responsive protein contributing to CO2 regulation of S-type anion channels.	Bicarbonates	40-51	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-34
26538435-0	2016	Bicarbonate-sensitive calcification and lifespan of klotho-deficient mice.	Bicarbonates	0-11	klotho	Mus musculus	52-58
26542396-0	2016	Cellular chloride and bicarbonate retention alters intracellular pH regulation in Cftr KO crypt epithelium.	Bicarbonates	22-33	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	82-86
26542396-1	2016	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel providing a major pathway for Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) efflux across the apical membrane of the epithelium.	Bicarbonates	155-159	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	51-89
26542396-1	2016	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel providing a major pathway for Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) efflux across the apical membrane of the epithelium.	Bicarbonates	155-159	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	91-95
26542396-7	2016	Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Cftr KO enteroids exhibit downregulated transcription of base (HCO3 (-))-loading proteins and upregulation of the basolateral membrane HCO3 (-)-unloader anion exchanger 2 (Ae2).	Bicarbonates	104-108	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	41-45
26542396-7	2016	Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Cftr KO enteroids exhibit downregulated transcription of base (HCO3 (-))-loading proteins and upregulation of the basolateral membrane HCO3 (-)-unloader anion exchanger 2 (Ae2).	Bicarbonates	176-180	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	41-45
26542396-8	2016	Although Cftr KO crypt epithelium had increased Ae2 expression and Ae2-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange with maximized gradients, it also had increased intracellular Cl(-) concentration relative to wild-type.	Bicarbonates	86-90	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	9-13
26542396-8	2016	Although Cftr KO crypt epithelium had increased Ae2 expression and Ae2-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange with maximized gradients, it also had increased intracellular Cl(-) concentration relative to wild-type.	Bicarbonates	86-90	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	67-70
26542396-10	2016	We conclude that Cftr KO crypt epithelium maintains an alkaline pHi as a consequence of losing both Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) efflux, which impairs pHi regulation by Ae2.	Bicarbonates	110-114	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	17-21
26483308-1	2016	Secretions of chloride (Cl(-))- and bicarbonate (HCO3(-))-rich fluid by the seminal vesicles could involve cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which activity can be stimulated by cAMP generated from the reaction involving adenylate cyclase (AC).	Bicarbonates	36-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	107-146
26483308-1	2016	Secretions of chloride (Cl(-))- and bicarbonate (HCO3(-))-rich fluid by the seminal vesicles could involve cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which activity can be stimulated by cAMP generated from the reaction involving adenylate cyclase (AC).	Bicarbonates	36-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
26483308-1	2016	Secretions of chloride (Cl(-))- and bicarbonate (HCO3(-))-rich fluid by the seminal vesicles could involve cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which activity can be stimulated by cAMP generated from the reaction involving adenylate cyclase (AC).	Bicarbonates	49-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	107-146
26483308-1	2016	Secretions of chloride (Cl(-))- and bicarbonate (HCO3(-))-rich fluid by the seminal vesicles could involve cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which activity can be stimulated by cAMP generated from the reaction involving adenylate cyclase (AC).	Bicarbonates	49-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
26483308-11	2016	Increased levels of CFTR, AC, and cAMP in seminal vesicles might contribute toward an increase in Cl(-) and HCO3(-) concentrations in the seminal fluid as reported under testosterone influence.	Bicarbonates	108-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
26823428-4	2016	We found that in all three species, CFTR secreted bicarbonate into airway surface liquid.	Bicarbonates	50-61	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	36-40
26582474-9	2016	Homology modeling revealed that the structure of CD-SLC4A11 is similar to that of the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange protein AE1 (SLC4A1) CD.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 4 member 11	Homo sapiens	52-59
26582474-9	2016	Homology modeling revealed that the structure of CD-SLC4A11 is similar to that of the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange protein AE1 (SLC4A1) CD.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	117-120
26582474-9	2016	Homology modeling revealed that the structure of CD-SLC4A11 is similar to that of the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange protein AE1 (SLC4A1) CD.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	52-58
26538435-9	2016	The present study reveals a novel effect of bicarbonate, i.e., a favorable influence on vascular calcification and early death of klotho-deficient mice.	Bicarbonates	44-55	klotho	Mus musculus	130-136
26716707-1	2016	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) has a critical role in epithelial cells and is involved in the ionic homeostasis such as Cl(-) uptake and HCO3(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	130-134	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-17
26716707-1	2016	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) has a critical role in epithelial cells and is involved in the ionic homeostasis such as Cl(-) uptake and HCO3(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	130-134	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	19-22
26716707-4	2016	We found that SPL binds to AE2 and markedly increased the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange activity of AE2.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	93-96
26716707-9	2016	Collectively, SPL and CA XII enhanced the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange activity of AE2.	Bicarbonates	48-52	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	22-28
26716707-9	2016	Collectively, SPL and CA XII enhanced the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange activity of AE2.	Bicarbonates	48-52	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	77-80
26398495-3	2016	A yeast two-hybrid screen found PRDX6 to be a potential binding partner of the C-terminal tail of anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger basolaterally expressed in renal alpha-intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	131-136	peroxiredoxin 6	Mus musculus	32-37
26470855-3	2016	We have evaluated the catalytic activity of CA IX heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by measuring the amplitude and rate of cytosolic pH changes as well as pH changes at the outer membrane surface (pHs ) during addition and removal of 5% CO2 /25 mm HCO3-, and by mass spectrometry.	Bicarbonates	265-269	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	44-49
26787982-4	2016	Moreover, the addition of bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in distilled water to imitate higher alkalinity of tap water during blanching could contribute to the violet-red discolouration.	Bicarbonates	26-37	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
26319954-13	2016	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the increase in bile flow induced by rifampicin is mainly due to increased HCO3 (-) excretion mediated by increased AE2 protein expression and activity.	Bicarbonates	116-120	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
31105444-8	2016	Third, the increased NHE3 exocytosis by dopamine blockers enhanced tubule sensitivity to torque, and the IP3 receptor-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a critical step in transduction of fluid drag on microvillus drag tips in modulating Na+ and HCO3 - transport.	Bicarbonates	252-256	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	21-25
31105444-8	2016	Third, the increased NHE3 exocytosis by dopamine blockers enhanced tubule sensitivity to torque, and the IP3 receptor-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a critical step in transduction of fluid drag on microvillus drag tips in modulating Na+ and HCO3 - transport.	Bicarbonates	252-256	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	105-117
26398495-3	2016	A yeast two-hybrid screen found PRDX6 to be a potential binding partner of the C-terminal tail of anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger basolaterally expressed in renal alpha-intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	131-136	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	98-115
26398495-3	2016	A yeast two-hybrid screen found PRDX6 to be a potential binding partner of the C-terminal tail of anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger basolaterally expressed in renal alpha-intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	131-136	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	117-120
26856995-1	2016	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	104-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
27590717-10	2016	The multivariate analysis also identified plasma bicarbonate (B=3.90 per mM/l, P=.001) and GFR (B=1.89 per ml/minute, P=.003) as independent predictors of irisin levels.	Bicarbonates	49-60	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	155-161
27590717-12	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Serum irisin levels are low in patients with CKD and show a consistent correlation with GFR and plasma bicarbonate levels.	Bicarbonates	116-127	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	19-25
26856995-1	2016	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	104-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
26674864-0	2015	A Novel Mechanism of pH Buffering in C. elegans Glia: Bicarbonate Transport via the Voltage-Gated ClC Cl- Channel CLH-1.	Bicarbonates	54-65	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	98-101
26545778-3	2015	In addition to taste recognition, the T1R1/T1R3 complex functions as an amino acid sensor and has been proposed to be a control mechanism for the secretion of hormones, such as cholecystokinin, insulin, and duodenal HCO3(-) and activates the mammalian rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) to inhibit autophagy.	Bicarbonates	216-220	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	38-47
26674864-0	2015	A Novel Mechanism of pH Buffering in C. elegans Glia: Bicarbonate Transport via the Voltage-Gated ClC Cl- Channel CLH-1.	Bicarbonates	54-65	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	114-119
26674864-4	2015	While the classical mechanism of HCO3 (-) uptake involves Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl(-) channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3 (-) and mediates HCO3 (-) uptake into amphid sheath glia.	Bicarbonates	33-37	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	129-132
26674864-4	2015	While the classical mechanism of HCO3 (-) uptake involves Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl(-) channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3 (-) and mediates HCO3 (-) uptake into amphid sheath glia.	Bicarbonates	33-37	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	147-152
26674864-4	2015	While the classical mechanism of HCO3 (-) uptake involves Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl(-) channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3 (-) and mediates HCO3 (-) uptake into amphid sheath glia.	Bicarbonates	64-68	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	129-132
26674864-4	2015	While the classical mechanism of HCO3 (-) uptake involves Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl(-) channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3 (-) and mediates HCO3 (-) uptake into amphid sheath glia.	Bicarbonates	64-68	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	147-152
26674864-4	2015	While the classical mechanism of HCO3 (-) uptake involves Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl(-) channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3 (-) and mediates HCO3 (-) uptake into amphid sheath glia.	Bicarbonates	64-68	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	129-132
26674864-4	2015	While the classical mechanism of HCO3 (-) uptake involves Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl(-) channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3 (-) and mediates HCO3 (-) uptake into amphid sheath glia.	Bicarbonates	64-68	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	147-152
26674864-10	2015	In this manuscript, we describe our discovery that the C. elegans amphid sheath glia regulate intracellular pH via HCO3 (-) flux through the voltage-gated ClC channel CLH-1.	Bicarbonates	115-119	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	155-158
26674864-10	2015	In this manuscript, we describe our discovery that the C. elegans amphid sheath glia regulate intracellular pH via HCO3 (-) flux through the voltage-gated ClC channel CLH-1.	Bicarbonates	115-119	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	167-172
26487715-7	2015	CAII and CAIV single knockout animals display an imbalanced HCO3 (-) homeostasis, resulting in substantially reduced sperm motility, swimming speed, and HCO3 (-)-enhanced beat frequency.	Bicarbonates	60-64	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	0-4
26671068-1	2015	The bicarbonate transport activities of Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are essential to physiological processes in multiple organs.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 26 member 1	Homo sapiens	40-47
26671068-1	2015	The bicarbonate transport activities of Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are essential to physiological processes in multiple organs.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	49-56
26671068-1	2015	The bicarbonate transport activities of Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are essential to physiological processes in multiple organs.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	61-68
26671068-8	2015	Together, our data show that Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are novel participants in the extracellular transport of bicarbonate during enamel maturation, and that their functional roles may be achieved by forming interaction units with Cftr.	Bicarbonates	115-126	solute carrier family 26 member 1	Homo sapiens	29-36
26671068-8	2015	Together, our data show that Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are novel participants in the extracellular transport of bicarbonate during enamel maturation, and that their functional roles may be achieved by forming interaction units with Cftr.	Bicarbonates	115-126	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	38-45
26671068-8	2015	Together, our data show that Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are novel participants in the extracellular transport of bicarbonate during enamel maturation, and that their functional roles may be achieved by forming interaction units with Cftr.	Bicarbonates	115-126	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	50-57
26671068-8	2015	Together, our data show that Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are novel participants in the extracellular transport of bicarbonate during enamel maturation, and that their functional roles may be achieved by forming interaction units with Cftr.	Bicarbonates	115-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	235-239
26486891-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is the key carbonic anhydrase in epithelial fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion and works by activating the ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2.	Bicarbonates	84-88	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	0-22
26486891-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is the key carbonic anhydrase in epithelial fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion and works by activating the ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2.	Bicarbonates	84-88	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	24-28
26486891-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is the key carbonic anhydrase in epithelial fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion and works by activating the ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2.	Bicarbonates	84-88	NBPF member 3	Homo sapiens	164-167
26486891-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is the key carbonic anhydrase in epithelial fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion and works by activating the ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2.	Bicarbonates	145-149	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	0-22
26486891-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is the key carbonic anhydrase in epithelial fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion and works by activating the ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2.	Bicarbonates	145-149	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	24-28
26486891-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is the key carbonic anhydrase in epithelial fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion and works by activating the ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2.	Bicarbonates	145-149	NBPF member 3	Homo sapiens	164-167
26486891-10	2015	CA12 markedly increases the activity and is the major HCO3 (-) supplier of ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2, but not of NBCe1-B.	Bicarbonates	54-58	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	0-4
26486891-10	2015	CA12 markedly increases the activity and is the major HCO3 (-) supplier of ductal Cl(-) -HCO3 (-) exchanger AE2, but not of NBCe1-B.	Bicarbonates	54-58	NBPF member 3	Homo sapiens	108-111
26487715-7	2015	CAII and CAIV single knockout animals display an imbalanced HCO3 (-) homeostasis, resulting in substantially reduced sperm motility, swimming speed, and HCO3 (-)-enhanced beat frequency.	Bicarbonates	60-64	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	9-13
26487715-7	2015	CAII and CAIV single knockout animals display an imbalanced HCO3 (-) homeostasis, resulting in substantially reduced sperm motility, swimming speed, and HCO3 (-)-enhanced beat frequency.	Bicarbonates	153-157	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	0-4
26487715-7	2015	CAII and CAIV single knockout animals display an imbalanced HCO3 (-) homeostasis, resulting in substantially reduced sperm motility, swimming speed, and HCO3 (-)-enhanced beat frequency.	Bicarbonates	153-157	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	9-13
26487715-10	2015	In comparison with sperm from CAII and CAIV double knockout animals, pharmacological loss of CAIV in sperm from CAII knockout animals, show an even lower response to HCO3 (-).	Bicarbonates	166-170	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	93-97
26487715-10	2015	In comparison with sperm from CAII and CAIV double knockout animals, pharmacological loss of CAIV in sperm from CAII knockout animals, show an even lower response to HCO3 (-).	Bicarbonates	166-170	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	112-116
26577834-7	2015	(i) In cultured HASMCs, the resting pHi was 7.19 +- 0.04 and 7.13 +- 0.02 for HEPES- and CO2 /HCO3--buffered solution, respectively.	Bicarbonates	94-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	36-39
26577834-10	2015	(iv) EtOH induced a biphasic, concentration-dependent change in resting pHi (+0.25 pH unit at 100 mM but only +0.05 pH unit at 300 mM) in bicarbonate-buffered solution, while caused a concentration-dependent decrease in resting pHi (-0.06 pH unit at 300 mM) in HEPES-buffered solution.	Bicarbonates	138-149	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	72-75
26376476-5	2015	GLP-2 has important trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, including increasing the proliferation rate of stem cells and reducing transmucosal permeability to ions and small molecules, in addition to increasing the rate of duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	235-246	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-5
26394631-4	2015	Solute carrier (Slc) family 26A encodes different anion exchangers that exchange Cl(-)/HCO3 (-), including Slc26a3/Dra, Slc26a6/Pat-1, and Slc26a4/pendrin.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	107-114
26394631-4	2015	Solute carrier (Slc) family 26A encodes different anion exchangers that exchange Cl(-)/HCO3 (-), including Slc26a3/Dra, Slc26a6/Pat-1, and Slc26a4/pendrin.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	115-118
26394631-4	2015	Solute carrier (Slc) family 26A encodes different anion exchangers that exchange Cl(-)/HCO3 (-), including Slc26a3/Dra, Slc26a6/Pat-1, and Slc26a4/pendrin.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	120-127
26394631-4	2015	Solute carrier (Slc) family 26A encodes different anion exchangers that exchange Cl(-)/HCO3 (-), including Slc26a3/Dra, Slc26a6/Pat-1, and Slc26a4/pendrin.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	139-146
26394631-4	2015	Solute carrier (Slc) family 26A encodes different anion exchangers that exchange Cl(-)/HCO3 (-), including Slc26a3/Dra, Slc26a6/Pat-1, and Slc26a4/pendrin.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	147-154
26394631-6	2015	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that maturation ameloblasts express Dra and Slc26a6 to secrete bicarbonate into the enamel space in exchange for Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	103-114	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	76-79
26394631-6	2015	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that maturation ameloblasts express Dra and Slc26a6 to secrete bicarbonate into the enamel space in exchange for Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	103-114	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	84-91
26403673-11	2015	These results suggest that a Na(+)K(+)-dependent calcium transporter (likely NCKX4) and a Na(+)-dependent Pi transporter (potentially NaPi-2b) located in ruffle-ended ameloblasts operate in a coordinated way with the pH-regulating machinery to transport Ca(2+), Pi, and bicarbonate into maturation-stage enamel.	Bicarbonates	270-281	solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	77-82
26403673-11	2015	These results suggest that a Na(+)K(+)-dependent calcium transporter (likely NCKX4) and a Na(+)-dependent Pi transporter (potentially NaPi-2b) located in ruffle-ended ameloblasts operate in a coordinated way with the pH-regulating machinery to transport Ca(2+), Pi, and bicarbonate into maturation-stage enamel.	Bicarbonates	270-281	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2	Mus musculus	134-141
26542571-1	2015	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.	Bicarbonates	165-176	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
26542571-1	2015	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.	Bicarbonates	165-176	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
26542571-1	2015	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.	Bicarbonates	165-176	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-55
26525863-2	2015	The new enzyme, denominated ChaCA, has a good catalytic activity for the physiologic CO2 hydration to bicarbonate reaction, similar to that of the low activity human isoform hCA I, with a kcat of 5.3x10(5) s(-1), and a kcat/Km of 3.7x10(7) M(-1) s(-1).	Bicarbonates	102-113	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	174-179
26197052-2	2015	Recently, we characterized a ditryptophan cross-link produced by the recombination of hSOD1-tryptophanyl radicals generated from attack of the carbonate radical produced during the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of the enzyme.	Bicarbonates	181-192	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
26416827-8	2015	Ivacaftor is a potentiator of CFTR channels defective in their chloride/bicarbonate gating/conductance, but present at the epithelial cell surface.	Bicarbonates	72-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
28509104-1	2015	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare disorder caused by a mutation in the AE1 gene encoding the chloride-bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) anion exchanger 1 (AE1).	Bicarbonates	151-155	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	50-54
28509104-1	2015	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare disorder caused by a mutation in the AE1 gene encoding the chloride-bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) anion exchanger 1 (AE1).	Bicarbonates	151-155	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	103-106
28509104-1	2015	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare disorder caused by a mutation in the AE1 gene encoding the chloride-bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) anion exchanger 1 (AE1).	Bicarbonates	151-155	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	158-175
28509104-1	2015	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare disorder caused by a mutation in the AE1 gene encoding the chloride-bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) anion exchanger 1 (AE1).	Bicarbonates	151-155	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	177-180
26517693-5	2015	Exogenous SDF1 or pH 6.8 media increased H+ secretion and decreased HCO3 secretion in isolated perfused rabbit CCDs.	Bicarbonates	68-72	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	10-14
26108453-7	2015	After DDC feeding, K19 KO mice exhibited (compared to WTs): (a) increased cholestasis; (b) less pronounced ductular reaction with reduced ductular proliferation and fewer oval cells; (c) impaired Notch 2 signalling in BECs; (d) lower biliary fibrosis score and biliary bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	269-280	keratin 19	Mus musculus	19-22
26199136-2	2015	In addition to reducing biliary chloride and bicarbonate secretion, up-regulation of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB)-dependent immune mechanisms plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease and may represent a therapeutic target.	Bicarbonates	45-56	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	85-105
26517693-6	2015	Acid-dependent changes in H+ and HCO3 secretion were largely blunted by AMD3100, which selectively blocks the SDF1 receptor CXCR4.	Bicarbonates	33-37	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	110-114
26517693-6	2015	Acid-dependent changes in H+ and HCO3 secretion were largely blunted by AMD3100, which selectively blocks the SDF1 receptor CXCR4.	Bicarbonates	33-37	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	124-129
26093290-10	2015	Treatment with vanadate, or Na(+) or bicarbonate depletion, reduced AKAP3-degradation and the AR rate, while antimycin A or NH4Cl elevated both AKAP3-degradation and the AR degree.	Bicarbonates	37-48	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	68-73
26180239-0	2015	High-mobility group box 1 inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in medullary thick ascending limb through a basolateral receptor for advanced glycation end products pathway.	Bicarbonates	35-41	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	0-25
26180239-5	2015	Here, we examined whether HMGB1 could inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption through the same pathway.	Bicarbonates	46-52	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	26-31
26180239-10	2015	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by HMGB1 through RAGE was additive to inhibition by LPS through TLR4 and to inhibition by Gram-positive bacterial molecules through TLR2.	Bicarbonates	14-20	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	38-43
26180239-10	2015	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by HMGB1 through RAGE was additive to inhibition by LPS through TLR4 and to inhibition by Gram-positive bacterial molecules through TLR2.	Bicarbonates	14-20	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	52-56
26180239-10	2015	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by HMGB1 through RAGE was additive to inhibition by LPS through TLR4 and to inhibition by Gram-positive bacterial molecules through TLR2.	Bicarbonates	14-20	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	99-103
26180239-10	2015	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by HMGB1 through RAGE was additive to inhibition by LPS through TLR4 and to inhibition by Gram-positive bacterial molecules through TLR2.	Bicarbonates	14-20	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	167-171
26180239-11	2015	Bath amiloride, which selectively prevents inhibition of MTAL HCO(3)(-) absorption mediated through Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), eliminated inhibition by HMGB1.	Bicarbonates	62-68	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	100-118
26180239-11	2015	Bath amiloride, which selectively prevents inhibition of MTAL HCO(3)(-) absorption mediated through Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), eliminated inhibition by HMGB1.	Bicarbonates	62-68	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	120-124
26180239-11	2015	Bath amiloride, which selectively prevents inhibition of MTAL HCO(3)(-) absorption mediated through Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), eliminated inhibition by HMGB1.	Bicarbonates	62-68	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	152-157
26396175-2	2015	In PBC patients, the liver and lymphocytes exhibit diminished expression of AE2/SLC4A2, a Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger involved in biliary bicarbonate secretion and intracellular pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	136-147	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	76-79
26396175-2	2015	In PBC patients, the liver and lymphocytes exhibit diminished expression of AE2/SLC4A2, a Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger involved in biliary bicarbonate secretion and intracellular pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	136-147	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	80-86
26457530-1	2015	Human carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) isoform IX (CA IX) is an extracellular zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3(-), thereby playing a role in pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	150-154	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	54-59
26648495-10	2015	BMI, interdialytic weight gain and PTH were significantly different among the 3 groups of BIC.	Bicarbonates	90-93	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	35-38
26648495-13	2015	CONCLUSION: The prevalence of metabolic acidosis was high in this population, and a lower BIC correlated with higher levels of urea, PTH, phosphorus, interdialytic weight gain and lower BMI.	Bicarbonates	90-93	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	133-136
26335950-2	2015	There is emerging evidence that CFTR is a bicarbonate channel, a driver of chloride-bicarbonate exchange and through its action on local pH, a regulator of other ion channels and of proteins that function optimally in a neutral environment.	Bicarbonates	42-53	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-36
26335950-2	2015	There is emerging evidence that CFTR is a bicarbonate channel, a driver of chloride-bicarbonate exchange and through its action on local pH, a regulator of other ion channels and of proteins that function optimally in a neutral environment.	Bicarbonates	84-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-36
26335950-9	2015	Basic and applied research that focuses on the role of CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion helps explain many of the diverse clinical manifestations that are CF.	Bicarbonates	69-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	28-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	28-39	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	108-112
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	28-39	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	113-118
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	28-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	190-194
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	28-39	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	274-279
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	156-167	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	156-167	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	108-112
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	156-167	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	113-118
26134505-4	2015	We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus.	Bicarbonates	156-167	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	190-194
26249175-2	2015	We assessed the functional activity of CAIX in two colorectal tumor models, expressing different levels of the enzyme, by measuring the rate of exchange of hyperpolarized (13)C label between bicarbonate (H(13)CO3(-)) and carbon dioxide ((13)CO2), following injection of hyperpolarized H(13)CO3(-), using (13)C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C-MRS) magnetization transfer measurements.	Bicarbonates	191-202	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	39-43
26175429-6	2015	Further investigation demonstrated that the inhibitor of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor could accelerate the uptake of HCO3- and significantly elevate the intracellular pH of sperm.	Bicarbonates	110-114	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	57-61
26175429-6	2015	Further investigation demonstrated that the inhibitor of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor could accelerate the uptake of HCO3- and significantly elevate the intracellular pH of sperm.	Bicarbonates	110-114	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	65-78
26175429-8	2015	Moreover, CCK8 and the antagonist of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor were also able to accelerate human sperm capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation by stimulating the influx of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	186-190	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	10-14
26175429-8	2015	Moreover, CCK8 and the antagonist of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor were also able to accelerate human sperm capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation by stimulating the influx of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	186-190	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	37-41
26175429-8	2015	Moreover, CCK8 and the antagonist of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor were also able to accelerate human sperm capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation by stimulating the influx of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	186-190	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	45-58
26175429-9	2015	Thus, the present results suggest that CCK and its receptors may regulate sperm capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation by modulating the uptake of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	165-169	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	39-42
26730394-1	2015	Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel in the apical epithelial membranes.	Bicarbonates	130-141	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-89
26730394-1	2015	Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel in the apical epithelial membranes.	Bicarbonates	130-141	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
25820238-9	2015	Not only physicochemical H(+) buffering, but also rapid import of HCO3(-) via the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1, supported by carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), was identified to enhance cytosolic H(+) buffer strength substantially.	Bicarbonates	66-70	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	148-169
25820238-9	2015	Not only physicochemical H(+) buffering, but also rapid import of HCO3(-) via the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1, supported by carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), was identified to enhance cytosolic H(+) buffer strength substantially.	Bicarbonates	66-70	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	171-176
26089335-12	2015	Combination of M470V and L1156F significantly reduced CFTR expression to ~60%, impaired CFTR-mediated HCO3 (-)/Cl(-) transport activity to 50-60%, and impaired CFTR-coupled Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity to 20-30%.	Bicarbonates	102-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	88-92
26020555-1	2015	Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are the transporter proteins that play an important role in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation, cell differentiation and cell volume and that mediate transepithelial Na+ and HCO3- absorption on the basis of chemical gradients across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	198-202	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	103-106
26211646-9	2015	Therefore, in the present study, we provided functional evidence, physiologically and pharmacologically, that the HCO3--independent acid extruder was mostly likely the NHE1 which was involved in acid extrusion in the human monocytes.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	168-172
26372434-0	2015	Genetic analysis of the bicarbonate secreting anion exchanger SLC26A6 in chronic pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	24-35	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	62-69
26089335-12	2015	Combination of M470V and L1156F significantly reduced CFTR expression to ~60%, impaired CFTR-mediated HCO3 (-)/Cl(-) transport activity to 50-60%, and impaired CFTR-coupled Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity to 20-30%.	Bicarbonates	102-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	88-92
26049106-1	2015	Human kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanges at the basolateral membrane of the acid-secreting alpha-intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	53-57	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-30
25990710-4	2015	NBCe1-mediated H(+) i regulation from alkalosis was dominant, with the support of intracellular carbonic anhydrase II, even when the intra- and extracellular [HCO3 (-) ] was very low (&lt;1mM), as in nominally CO2 /HCO3 (-) free condition.	Bicarbonates	159-163	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
25990710-4	2015	NBCe1-mediated H(+) i regulation from alkalosis was dominant, with the support of intracellular carbonic anhydrase II, even when the intra- and extracellular [HCO3 (-) ] was very low (&lt;1mM), as in nominally CO2 /HCO3 (-) free condition.	Bicarbonates	215-219	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
25990710-4	2015	NBCe1-mediated H(+) i regulation from alkalosis was dominant, with the support of intracellular carbonic anhydrase II, even when the intra- and extracellular [HCO3 (-) ] was very low (&lt;1mM), as in nominally CO2 /HCO3 (-) free condition.	Bicarbonates	215-219	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	96-117
25990710-9	2015	We have identified that NBCe1 reverses during alkalosis and contributes more than 70% to the rate of recovery from alkalosis by extruding Na(+) and HCO3 (-) .	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	24-29
25990710-13	2015	Reversal of NBCe1 by reducing pH/[HCO3 (-) ] was demonstrated in astrocytes and in Xenopus oocytes, in which human NBCe1 was heterologously expressed.	Bicarbonates	34-38	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	12-17
25990710-13	2015	Reversal of NBCe1 by reducing pH/[HCO3 (-) ] was demonstrated in astrocytes and in Xenopus oocytes, in which human NBCe1 was heterologously expressed.	Bicarbonates	34-38	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	115-120
26041446-2	2015	Since sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption are coupled, we postulated that the molecules involved in their reabsorption [NHE3 and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)] might physically and functionally interact.	Bicarbonates	17-28	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	120-124
26041446-2	2015	Since sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption are coupled, we postulated that the molecules involved in their reabsorption [NHE3 and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)] might physically and functionally interact.	Bicarbonates	17-28	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	129-150
26041446-2	2015	Since sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption are coupled, we postulated that the molecules involved in their reabsorption [NHE3 and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)] might physically and functionally interact.	Bicarbonates	17-28	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
26100206-5	2015	In the presence of 1 nM ASF, percentage of bicarbonate and BSA induced capacitated cells in modified Tyrode medium (7.2) decreased from 72.45% to 16.25% as per Merocyanine 540 (M540)/DAPI stained flowcytometric analysis.	Bicarbonates	43-54	serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
26100206-7	2015	ASF at its effective concentrations notably reduced the bicarbonate and BSA induced cholesterol efflux.	Bicarbonates	56-67	serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
26049106-1	2015	Human kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanges at the basolateral membrane of the acid-secreting alpha-intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	53-57	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	32-36
25612232-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX; hypoxia-induced) is known to facilitate CO2 export and generate HCO3(-) in the extracellular tumor space.	Bicarbonates	94-98	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-21
25612232-2	2015	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX; hypoxia-induced) is known to facilitate CO2 export and generate HCO3(-) in the extracellular tumor space.	Bicarbonates	94-98	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	23-28
25612232-3	2015	It has been proposed that HCO3(-) is re-captured by the cell to maintain an alkaline pHi .	Bicarbonates	26-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-88
25612232-11	2015	Furthermore the Na(+)/HCO3(-) dependent pHi recovery from acidosis was reduced with SLC4A4 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells.	Bicarbonates	22-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	40-43
25612232-11	2015	Furthermore the Na(+)/HCO3(-) dependent pHi recovery from acidosis was reduced with SLC4A4 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells.	Bicarbonates	22-26	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
25612232-12	2015	Combined our results indicate that SLC4A4 contributes to the HCO3(-) transport and tumor cell phenotype.	Bicarbonates	61-65	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	35-41
25951615-0	2015	Inhibitory effects of nitrite on the reactions of bovine carbonic anhydrase II with CO2 and bicarbonate consistent with zinc-bound nitrite.	Bicarbonates	92-103	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	57-78
25281699-1	2015	The [Formula: see text] exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4, PDS) is located on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells in the kidney cortical collecting duct and the connecting tubules and mediates the secretion of bicarbonate and the reabsorption of chloride.	Bicarbonates	211-222	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	34-41
25281699-1	2015	The [Formula: see text] exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4, PDS) is located on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells in the kidney cortical collecting duct and the connecting tubules and mediates the secretion of bicarbonate and the reabsorption of chloride.	Bicarbonates	211-222	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	43-50
25281699-2	2015	Given its dual function of bicarbonate secretion and chloride reabsorption in the distal tubules, it was thought that pendrin plays important roles in systemic acid-base balance and electrolyte and vascular volume homeostasis under basal conditions.	Bicarbonates	27-38	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	118-125
25972512-7	2015	Therefore, the deficiency of GPR4 blunted, but did not eliminate the adaptive response to an acid load, suggesting a compensatory response from other pH/CO2/bicarbonate sensors.	Bicarbonates	157-168	G protein-coupled receptor 4	Mus musculus	29-33
25796361-3	2015	ITPR3 is required for bicarbonate secretion by bile ducts, and its expression is reduced in intrahepatic bile ducts of patients with cholestatic disorders.	Bicarbonates	22-33	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
26018076-1	2015	SLC4A11 has been proposed to be an electrogenic membrane transporter, permeable to Na(+), H(+) (OH(-)), bicarbonate, borate, and NH4 (+).	Bicarbonates	104-115	solute carrier family 4 member 11	Homo sapiens	0-7
26217323-12	2015	The effects of BCT are comparable to that of FMT, especially in normalizing the intestinal levels of Muc2, SIgA, and defensins.	Bicarbonates	15-18	mucin 2	Mus musculus	101-105
26015566-3	2015	An ATP-binding cassette transporter, HLA3, and a formate/nitrite transporter homolog, LCIA, are reported to be associated with HCO3 (-) uptake [Wang and Spalding (2014) Plant Physiol 166(4):2040-2050].	Bicarbonates	127-131	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	37-41
26088834-12	2015	HMGB1 correlated also with acid-base parameters (pH, bicarbonate, base excess).	Bicarbonates	53-64	high mobility group box 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-5
26110920-6	2015	Anion exchangers (AEs) are also potential modulators of responses to GABAA activation since they accumulate chloride and extrude bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	129-140	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	69-74
26110920-11	2015	In the remaining GnRH neurons, HCO3- mediated mechanisms accounted for the remaining calcium responses to muscimol.	Bicarbonates	31-35	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	17-21
26015566-6	2015	Insertion mutants of HLA3 and/or LCIA showed decreased Ci affinities/accumulation, especially in alkaline conditions where HCO3 (-) is the predominant form of Ci.	Bicarbonates	123-127	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	21-25
26015566-9	2015	These results highlight the HLA3/LCIA-driven cooperative uptake of HCO3 (-) and a key role of LCIA in the maintenance of HLA3 stability as well as Ci affinity/accumulation in the CCM.	Bicarbonates	67-71	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	28-32
25138774-4	2015	Activation of TGR5 in biliary epithelial cells promotes chloride and bicarbonate secretion, triggers cell proliferation, and prevents apoptotic cell death.	Bicarbonates	69-80	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
24965066-0	2015	Loss of Slc26a9 anion transporter alters intestinal electrolyte and HCO3(-) transport and reduces survival in CFTR-deficient mice.	Bicarbonates	68-72	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	8-15
25828199-3	2015	Different factors that affect PTP are cholesterol efflux, influx of HCO3(-), increased intracellular Ca(2+), cAMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Bicarbonates	68-72	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	30-33
25567063-6	2015	The tested anions all adversely affected FLO degradation performance with the order of HCO3 (-) &gt; Cl(-) &gt; NO3 (-).	Bicarbonates	87-91	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	112-115
26084221-8	2015	The decrease observed in the CCh-stimulated HCO3(-) response in M4 KO mice was reversed by the co-application of CYN154806, a somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) antagonist.	Bicarbonates	44-48	somatostatin receptor 2	Mus musculus	126-154
26084221-8	2015	The decrease observed in the CCh-stimulated HCO3(-) response in M4 KO mice was reversed by the co-application of CYN154806, a somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) antagonist.	Bicarbonates	44-48	somatostatin receptor 2	Mus musculus	156-160
26084221-9	2015	Octreotide (a somatostatin analogue) decreased the basal and CCh-stimulated secretion of HCO3(-) in wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	89-93	somatostatin	Mus musculus	14-26
24965066-9	2015	In summary, deletion of Slc26a9 caused bicarbonate secretory and fluid absorptive changes in the proximal duodenal mucosa and increased the postweaning death rates in CFTR-deficient mice.	Bicarbonates	39-50	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	24-31
25792563-0	2015	Calcium-sensing receptor stimulates Cl(-)- and SCFA-dependent but inhibits cAMP-dependent HCO3(-) secretion in colon.	Bicarbonates	90-94	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	0-24
26001957-2	2015	STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: Abnormal CFTR function, with reduced bicarbonate and other ion transport levels through the apical surface of epithelial cells, affects the intestinal tract including the pancreas and the liver.	Bicarbonates	57-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
25792563-7	2015	Similarly, activation of CaSR by R568 stimulated Cl(-)- and SCFA-dependent HCO3(-) secretion and inhibited cAMP-dependent HCO3(-) secretion in colon mucosa of wild-type mice; such effects were abolished in CaSR-null mice.	Bicarbonates	122-126	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	25-29
25792563-8	2015	These results suggest a new paradigm for regulation of intestinal ion transport in which HCO3(-) secretion may be fine-tuned by CaSR in accordance with nutrient availability and state of digestion and absorption.	Bicarbonates	89-93	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	128-132
25704435-5	2015	An increase of sulfate concentration from 100 mg/L to 200 mg/L did not significantly affect As(V) sorption, and an increase in the concentration of bicarbonate reduced the As(V) uptake by 33%.	Bicarbonates	148-159	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	172-177
25792563-2	2015	These present studies show that extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a fundamental mechanism for sensing and regulating ionic and nutrient compositions of extracellular milieu in the small and large intestine, regulates HCO3(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	230-234	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	32-70
25792563-9	2015	The ability of CaSR agonists to inhibit secretagogue-induced intestinal HCO3(-) secretion suggests that modulation of CaSR activity may provide a new therapeutic approach to correct HCO3(-) deficit and metabolic acidosis, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute infectious diarrheal illnesses.	Bicarbonates	72-76	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	15-19
25792563-9	2015	The ability of CaSR agonists to inhibit secretagogue-induced intestinal HCO3(-) secretion suggests that modulation of CaSR activity may provide a new therapeutic approach to correct HCO3(-) deficit and metabolic acidosis, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute infectious diarrheal illnesses.	Bicarbonates	182-186	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	15-19
25792563-2	2015	These present studies show that extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a fundamental mechanism for sensing and regulating ionic and nutrient compositions of extracellular milieu in the small and large intestine, regulates HCO3(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	230-234	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	72-76
25792563-9	2015	The ability of CaSR agonists to inhibit secretagogue-induced intestinal HCO3(-) secretion suggests that modulation of CaSR activity may provide a new therapeutic approach to correct HCO3(-) deficit and metabolic acidosis, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute infectious diarrheal illnesses.	Bicarbonates	182-186	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	118-122
25792563-3	2015	Basal and induced HCO3(-) secretory responses to CaSR agonists were determined by pH stat techniques used in conjunction with short-circuit current measurements in mucosa from rat distal colon mounted in Ussing chambers.	Bicarbonates	18-22	calcium-sensing receptor	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
25792563-4	2015	R568, a specific CaSR activator, stimulated lumen Cl(-)- and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-dependent HCO3(-) secretion but inhibited cyclic nucleotide-activated HCO3(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	101-105	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	17-21
25792563-7	2015	Similarly, activation of CaSR by R568 stimulated Cl(-)- and SCFA-dependent HCO3(-) secretion and inhibited cAMP-dependent HCO3(-) secretion in colon mucosa of wild-type mice; such effects were abolished in CaSR-null mice.	Bicarbonates	75-79	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	25-29
25960222-11	2015	Thus, correcting acidosis in CKD with bicarbonate decreases IL-10 secretion.	Bicarbonates	38-49	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	60-65
25527741-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: AII-mediated GFR decline in 2/3 Nx was induced by H(+) retention and its amelioration with dietary HCO3 conserved GFR better than AII receptor antagonism in this CKD model.	Bicarbonates	112-116	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	13-16
25767116-0	2015	Bicarbonate Modulates Photoreceptor Guanylate Cyclase (ROS-GC) Catalytic Activity.	Bicarbonates	0-11	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	55-61
25767116-3	2015	The present report discloses a surprising feature of this system: ROS-GC is a sensor of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	88-99	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	66-72
25767116-4	2015	Recombinant ROS-GCs synthesized cGMP from GTP at faster rates in the presence of bicarbonate with an ED50 of 27 mM for ROS-GC1 and 39 mM for ROS-GC2.	Bicarbonates	81-92	guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal	Homo sapiens	119-126
25767116-4	2015	Recombinant ROS-GCs synthesized cGMP from GTP at faster rates in the presence of bicarbonate with an ED50 of 27 mM for ROS-GC1 and 39 mM for ROS-GC2.	Bicarbonates	81-92	guanylate cyclase 2F, retinal	Homo sapiens	141-148
25651568-11	2015	These data implicate IP3 receptor-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) signaling as a critical step in transduction of microvillous drag to modulate Na(+) and HCO3 (-) transport.	Bicarbonates	152-156	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	21-33
25311759-9	2015	Furthermore, bile flow and biliary HCO3 (-) concentration were also significantly reduced in Vil2(kd/kd) mice.	Bicarbonates	35-39	ezrin	Mus musculus	93-97
25646509-3	2015	We have previously demonstrated that CFTR, a cAMP-dependent Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) conducting anion channel, is expressed in the granulosa cells and its expression is downregulated in PCOS rat models and human patients.	Bicarbonates	70-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
25646509-7	2015	We further demonstrated that CFTR regulated both basal and FSH-stimulated granulosa cell proliferation through the HCO3 (-)/sAC/PKA pathway leading to ERK phosphorylation and its downstream target cyclin D2 (Ccnd2) upregulation.	Bicarbonates	115-119	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
25646509-7	2015	We further demonstrated that CFTR regulated both basal and FSH-stimulated granulosa cell proliferation through the HCO3 (-)/sAC/PKA pathway leading to ERK phosphorylation and its downstream target cyclin D2 (Ccnd2) upregulation.	Bicarbonates	115-119	cyclin D2	Rattus norvegicus	197-206
25646509-7	2015	We further demonstrated that CFTR regulated both basal and FSH-stimulated granulosa cell proliferation through the HCO3 (-)/sAC/PKA pathway leading to ERK phosphorylation and its downstream target cyclin D2 (Ccnd2) upregulation.	Bicarbonates	115-119	cyclin D2	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
25745107-8	2015	Direct measurements of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity revealed that HCO3 (-)-dependent Cl(-) uptake was reduced in the acinar cells of Ae2(-/-) and Ae4(-/-) mice.	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	138-141
25745107-8	2015	Direct measurements of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity revealed that HCO3 (-)-dependent Cl(-) uptake was reduced in the acinar cells of Ae2(-/-) and Ae4(-/-) mice.	Bicarbonates	29-33	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	151-154
25745107-9	2015	Moreover, Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity was nearly abolished in double Ae4/Ae2 knock-out mice, suggesting that most of the Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity in submandibular acinar cells depends on Ae2 and Ae4 expression.	Bicarbonates	16-20	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	75-78
25745107-9	2015	Moreover, Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity was nearly abolished in double Ae4/Ae2 knock-out mice, suggesting that most of the Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity in submandibular acinar cells depends on Ae2 and Ae4 expression.	Bicarbonates	16-20	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	79-82
25745107-9	2015	Moreover, Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity was nearly abolished in double Ae4/Ae2 knock-out mice, suggesting that most of the Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity in submandibular acinar cells depends on Ae2 and Ae4 expression.	Bicarbonates	133-137	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	75-78
25745107-9	2015	Moreover, Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity was nearly abolished in double Ae4/Ae2 knock-out mice, suggesting that most of the Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger activity in submandibular acinar cells depends on Ae2 and Ae4 expression.	Bicarbonates	133-137	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	79-82
25572649-2	2015	There are three major pHi-regulatory mechanisms: HCO3(-)/Cl(-) exchanger (anion exchanger [AE]), which alleviates alkalosis, and the Na(+)/H(+) and Na(+),HCO3(-)/Cl(-) exchangers, both of which alleviate acidosis.	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	22-25
25660294-7	2015	Activation of HLA3 expression in high CO2 acclimated cells, where HLA3 is not expressed, resulted in increased Ci accumulation and Ci-dependent photosynthetic O2 evolution specifically in very low CO2 concentrations, which confirms that HLA3 is indeed involved in Ci uptake, and suggests it is mainly associated with HCO3(-) transport in very low CO2 concentrations, conditions in which active CO2 uptake is highly limited.	Bicarbonates	317-321	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	14-18
25572649-2	2015	There are three major pHi-regulatory mechanisms: HCO3(-)/Cl(-) exchanger (anion exchanger [AE]), which alleviates alkalosis, and the Na(+)/H(+) and Na(+),HCO3(-)/Cl(-) exchangers, both of which alleviate acidosis.	Bicarbonates	154-158	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	22-25
27509681-3	2015	It is now well established that this condition was caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene which codes for pendrin, a protein involved in the transport of anions (I-, Cl, HCO3-), particularly in apical iodine efflux in thyroid cells and chloride (Cl- HCO3-) at the cochlear level.	Bicarbonates	171-175	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	78-85
27509681-3	2015	It is now well established that this condition was caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene which codes for pendrin, a protein involved in the transport of anions (I-, Cl, HCO3-), particularly in apical iodine efflux in thyroid cells and chloride (Cl- HCO3-) at the cochlear level.	Bicarbonates	171-175	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	107-114
27509681-3	2015	It is now well established that this condition was caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene which codes for pendrin, a protein involved in the transport of anions (I-, Cl, HCO3-), particularly in apical iodine efflux in thyroid cells and chloride (Cl- HCO3-) at the cochlear level.	Bicarbonates	251-255	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	78-85
27509681-3	2015	It is now well established that this condition was caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene which codes for pendrin, a protein involved in the transport of anions (I-, Cl, HCO3-), particularly in apical iodine efflux in thyroid cells and chloride (Cl- HCO3-) at the cochlear level.	Bicarbonates	251-255	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	107-114
25907791-0	2015	Bicarbonate exchangers SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 are localized at the apical membrane of porcine vas deferens epithelium.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	23-30
25907791-0	2015	Bicarbonate exchangers SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 are localized at the apical membrane of porcine vas deferens epithelium.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	35-42
26336740-1	2015	Roles of isoforms of constitutive synthase of nitric oxide, neuronal or endothelial (nNOS or eNOS), in control of gastric bicarbonate secretion induced by mild irritation of the gastric mucosa was assessed at the normoacid state or after blockade of gastric acid secretion with omeprazole.	Bicarbonates	122-133	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
26336740-10	2015	As it was theoretically estimated, eNOS activity caused a reduction of HCO3- output in the normo-acid stomach.	Bicarbonates	71-75	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
25117006-3	2015	One of the adaptive responses of tumor cells to hypoxia involves the increased expression and functional activation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a cancer-related cell surface enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion and proton.	Bicarbonates	245-256	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	119-140
25117006-3	2015	One of the adaptive responses of tumor cells to hypoxia involves the increased expression and functional activation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a cancer-related cell surface enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion and proton.	Bicarbonates	245-256	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	142-147
25616663-6	2015	Stopped flow spectrofluorometry analysis of recombinant HEK293 cells revealed that the Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity of a kAE1 protein mutated on the ankyrin-G binding site was abolished.	Bicarbonates	93-97	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	125-129
25616663-6	2015	Stopped flow spectrofluorometry analysis of recombinant HEK293 cells revealed that the Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity of a kAE1 protein mutated on the ankyrin-G binding site was abolished.	Bicarbonates	93-97	ankyrin 3	Homo sapiens	153-162
25732475-1	2015	The underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of epithelial chloride and bicarbonate transport due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein.	Bicarbonates	84-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-168
25732475-1	2015	The underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of epithelial chloride and bicarbonate transport due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein.	Bicarbonates	84-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-174
25732475-1	2015	The underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of epithelial chloride and bicarbonate transport due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein.	Bicarbonates	84-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	194-198
25780091-6	2015	For example, respiratory acidosis (elevated [CO2], normal [HCO3-]) at 20 min decreases PLC-gamma1 phosphorylation at tyrosine-783 (relative to Ctrl).	Bicarbonates	59-63	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	87-97
25535204-5	2015	Ameloblasts were immunostained for anion exchanger-2 (Ae2), a transmembrane pH regulator sensitive for acid that secretes bicarbonate in exchange for chloride.	Bicarbonates	122-133	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	35-52
25535204-5	2015	Ameloblasts were immunostained for anion exchanger-2 (Ae2), a transmembrane pH regulator sensitive for acid that secretes bicarbonate in exchange for chloride.	Bicarbonates	122-133	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	54-57
25535204-6	2015	The enamel of AmelX(-/-) mice was 10-fold thinner, mineralized in the secretory stage 1.8-fold more than wild-type enamel and containing less chloride (suggesting more bicarbonate secretion).	Bicarbonates	168-179	amelogenin, X-linked	Mus musculus	14-19
25407761-5	2015	Finally, a similar reduction in elasticity in FAU zeolites has been observed, due either to carbonate/bicarbonate formation in NaX or as a step in HY dealumination.	Bicarbonates	102-113	FAU ubiquitin like and ribosomal protein S30 fusion	Homo sapiens	46-49
25617045-4	2015	In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a luminal carbonic anhydrase, CrCAH3, was suggested to improve proton removal from PSII, possibly by rapid reformation of HCO3 (-) from CO2.	Bicarbonates	167-171	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	75-81
25617045-10	2015	The stimulating effect of CrCAH3 and CO2/HCO3 (-) on PSII activity was demonstrated by comparing the flash-induced oxygen evolution pattern of wild-type and CrCAH3-less PSII preparations.	Bicarbonates	41-45	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	157-163
25601414-6	2015	In mutant sperm lacking the bicarbonate-stimulated SACY activity, bPAC restored motility after light-stimulation and, thereby, enabled sperm to fertilize oocytes in vitro.	Bicarbonates	28-39	adenylate cyclase 10	Mus musculus	51-55
25557910-2	2015	We hypothesized that apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in maturation ameloblasts transduces chloride into forming enamel as a critical step to secrete bicarbonates.	Bicarbonates	183-195	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	81-85
25528477-4	2015	In aqueous buffer (with ambient (bi)carbonate concentrations), the binding of chromium to transferrin is too slow to be physiologically relevant, taking days to reach equilibrium with the protein"s associated conformational changes.	Bicarbonates	32-45	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
25528477-5	2015	However, in the presence of 25mM (bi)carbonate, the concentration in human blood, chromic ions bind rapidly and tightly to transferrin.	Bicarbonates	33-46	transferrin	Homo sapiens	123-134
25528477-6	2015	Details of the kinetics of chromium binding to human serum transferrin and conalbumin (egg white transferrin) in the presence of bicarbonate and other major potential chromium ligands are described and are consistent with transferrin being the major chromic ion transporter from the blood to tissues.	Bicarbonates	129-140	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
25486622-9	2015	Bicarbonate and natural organic matter (NOM) inhibited the degradation of both 2-MIB and geosmin dramatically through consuming OH and SO4(-) and were likely to be the main radical scavengers in natural waters when using UV/persulfate process to control 2-MIB and geosmin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	MIB E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
25486622-9	2015	Bicarbonate and natural organic matter (NOM) inhibited the degradation of both 2-MIB and geosmin dramatically through consuming OH and SO4(-) and were likely to be the main radical scavengers in natural waters when using UV/persulfate process to control 2-MIB and geosmin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	MIB E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	256-259
25446148-0	2015	Mechanisms of Cl(-) uptake in rainbow trout: cloning and expression of slc26a6, a prospective Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	100-104	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	71-78
25446148-8	2015	In conclusion, this study is the first report of slc26a6 in rainbow trout and functional and expression analyses indicate its likely involvement in Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange in two life stages of rainbow trout.	Bicarbonates	154-161	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	49-56
25557910-2	2015	We hypothesized that apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in maturation ameloblasts transduces chloride into forming enamel as a critical step to secrete bicarbonates.	Bicarbonates	183-195	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	28-79
25012180-1	2015	Anion exchanger-1 (AE1) mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange across the plasma membranes of erythrocytes and, via a slightly shorter transcript, kidney epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
25012180-1	2015	Anion exchanger-1 (AE1) mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange across the plasma membranes of erythrocytes and, via a slightly shorter transcript, kidney epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
25669330-7	2015	Bicarbonates are exchanged for intraductal chloride by anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in the ApM.	Bicarbonates	0-12	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-77
25622724-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: The value of gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) can be calculated from the tonometrically measured partial pressure of carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) in the stomach and the arterial bicarbonate content.	Bicarbonates	197-208	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	52-55
25476866-1	2015	Fibrils formed by human serum transferrin [(1-3 muM) apo-Tf, partially iron-saturated (Fe0.6 -Tf) and holo-Tf (Fe2 -Tf) forms], from dilute bicarbonate solutions, were deposited on formvar surfaces and studied by electron microscopy.	Bicarbonates	140-151	transferrin	Homo sapiens	30-41
25668022-1	2015	Pendrin is a Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger that localizes to type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells, which are expressed within the aldosterone-sensitive region of the nephron, i.e., the distal convoluted tubule, the connecting tubule, and the cortical collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
25668022-2	2015	Type B cells mediate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion primarily through pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	42-46	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	78-85
25668022-2	2015	Type B cells mediate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion primarily through pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	101-105	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	78-85
25668022-4	2015	The pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange process is greatly upregulated in models of metabolic alkalosis, such as following aldosterone administration or dietary NaHCO3 loading.	Bicarbonates	27-31	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	4-11
25668022-8	2015	Instead, pendrin changes ENaC abundance and function at least in part by altering luminal HCO3(-) and ATP concentrations.	Bicarbonates	90-94	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	9-16
25668022-10	2015	This review summarizes the contribution of the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger pendrin in distal nephron function.	Bicarbonates	53-57	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	71-78
26185361-2	2015	The ability of an epithelial cell to initiate CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport has been recognized early as a means to regulate the thickness of the epithelial lining fluid and recently as a means to regulate the pH, thereby determining critically whether or not host defense proteins such as mucins are able to fold appropriately.	Bicarbonates	73-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
26073863-2	2015	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated Cl(-) and HCO3(-) membrane transporter.	Bicarbonates	93-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
26073863-2	2015	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated Cl(-) and HCO3(-) membrane transporter.	Bicarbonates	93-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
26045264-5	2015	KEY MESSAGES: TGR5-KO mice after PH exhibited periportal bile infarcts, excessive hepatic inflammation and defective adaptation of biliary composition (bicarbonate and chloride).	Bicarbonates	152-163	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	14-18
25548137-0	2015	Does calmodulin regulate the bicarbonate permeability of ANO1/TMEM16A or not?	Bicarbonates	29-40	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
25548137-0	2015	Does calmodulin regulate the bicarbonate permeability of ANO1/TMEM16A or not?	Bicarbonates	29-40	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	62-69
25711268-2	2015	Life-long secretory diarrhea is caused by mutations in solute carrier family 26, member 3, (SLC26A3), which disrupt epithelial Cl(-) /HCO3 (-) transport in the ileum and colon.	Bicarbonates	134-138	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	55-89
25711268-2	2015	Life-long secretory diarrhea is caused by mutations in solute carrier family 26, member 3, (SLC26A3), which disrupt epithelial Cl(-) /HCO3 (-) transport in the ileum and colon.	Bicarbonates	134-138	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	92-99
25617697-4	2015	In addition, passive fluxes of uncharged species (e.g., CO2, NH3) and charged species (e.g., HCO3(-), [Formula: see text] ) perturb pHi.	Bicarbonates	93-97	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	132-135
25331955-7	2014	HCO3 (-) fluxes across epithelial cells were activated by a CFTR activator, but blocked by a CFTR inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-64
25331955-0	2014	Molecular mechanisms of calcium-sensing receptor-mediated calcium signaling in the modulation of epithelial ion transport and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	126-137	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	24-48
25331955-7	2014	HCO3 (-) fluxes across epithelial cells were activated by a CFTR activator, but blocked by a CFTR inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-97
25331955-3	2014	Because calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activation results in an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt) but a decrease in cAMP levels, it is a suitable receptor for elucidating the mechanisms of [Ca(2+)]cyt-mediated epithelial ion transport and duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS).	Bicarbonates	258-269	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	8-32
25331955-3	2014	Because calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activation results in an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt) but a decrease in cAMP levels, it is a suitable receptor for elucidating the mechanisms of [Ca(2+)]cyt-mediated epithelial ion transport and duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS).	Bicarbonates	258-269	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	34-38
25331955-8	2014	CaSR activators induced HCO3 (-) fluxes, which were inhibited by a receptor-operated channel (ROC) blocker.	Bicarbonates	24-28	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
24965589-5	2014	We show how these features affect the simulated pHi and pHS transients and use the refined model with the experimental data for 1.5% CO2/10 mM HCO3 (-) (pHo = 7.5) to find parameter values that approximate DeltapHS, the time to peak pHS, the time delay to the start of the pHi change, (dpHi/dt)max, and the change in steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	143-147	pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	211-214
25434010-3	2014	Secretin, a hormone that stimulates bicarbonate secretion, was also found to increase hepatic bile flow.	Bicarbonates	36-47	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
25219457-5	2014	Bicarbonate stimulates PKA-dependent phosphorylation of two 60kDa proteins identified as Tektin and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	100-129
25469066-4	2014	Four weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy, serum bicarbonate levels were higher in the NACT-treated group.	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 13 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
25410056-2	2014	CPS1 catalyzes carbamoyl phosphate formation from ammonia, bicarbonate and two molecules of ATP, and requires the allosteric activator N-acetyl-L-glutamate.	Bicarbonates	59-70	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
25485080-3	2014	The model takes into account the possible chloride-bicarbonate exchange function of prestin, a protein highly expressed in the plasma membrane of OHCs.	Bicarbonates	51-62	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	84-91
25521740-6	2014	Released prostaglandin E2 augments protective HCO3- and mucus secretion via EP4 receptor activation.	Bicarbonates	46-50	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
25123669-1	2014	Bicarbonate transporter (BCT) plays a crucial role in maintaining pH homeostasis of tumor cells by import of HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	109-113	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	0-23
25123669-1	2014	Bicarbonate transporter (BCT) plays a crucial role in maintaining pH homeostasis of tumor cells by import of HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	109-113	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	25-28
25123669-3	2014	Therefore, blocking BCT-mediated HCO3(-) transport is envisaged as a promising anticancer therapeutic approach.	Bicarbonates	33-37	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	20-23
25217996-6	2014	Hydrogeochemical results show that Bou-Areg groundwater is characterized by - high salinity, associated with a remarkable increase in bicarbonate content in the crop growing season, due to more intense biological activity in irrigated soils.	Bicarbonates	134-145	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	39-43
24965590-1	2014	Human carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) is GPI-anchored to the outer membrane surface, catalyzing CO2/HCO3 (-) hydration-dehydration.	Bicarbonates	98-102	carbonic anhydrase 4 gene 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	6-27
24965590-1	2014	Human carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) is GPI-anchored to the outer membrane surface, catalyzing CO2/HCO3 (-) hydration-dehydration.	Bicarbonates	98-102	carbonic anhydrase 4 gene 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	29-34
24694986-0	2014	Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease with fruits and vegetables or oral bicarbonate reduces urine angiotensinogen and preserves glomerular filtration rate.	Bicarbonates	115-126	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	141-156
24694986-6	2014	By contrast, urine excretion of angiotensinogen, an index of kidney angiotensin II, increased in Usual Care but decreased with bicarbonate or fruits and vegetables.	Bicarbonates	127-138	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	32-47
25193108-0	2014	In chronic kidney disease, serum alpha-Klotho is related to serum bicarbonate and proteinuria.	Bicarbonates	66-77	klotho	Homo sapiens	39-45
25193108-10	2014	Multiple regression analysis including serum bicarbonate, serum creatinine, and proteinuria indicated that only serum bicarbonate was associated with serum alpha-Klotho (P = .003).	Bicarbonates	118-129	klotho	Homo sapiens	162-168
25193108-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that in CKD, serum alpha-Klotho is related to serum bicarbonate and proteinuria and not to renal function.	Bicarbonates	82-93	klotho	Homo sapiens	55-61
25241983-7	2014	The resting pHi is 7.22 +- 0.03 and 7.17 +- 0.02 for HEPES- (nominally HCO3--free) and CO2/HCO3-- buffered solution, respectively.	Bicarbonates	71-75	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
25241983-7	2014	The resting pHi is 7.22 +- 0.03 and 7.17 +- 0.02 for HEPES- (nominally HCO3--free) and CO2/HCO3-- buffered solution, respectively.	Bicarbonates	91-95	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
24865622-4	2014	We performed a multicenter longitudinal study to assess the effect of the switching from bicarbonate HD to HFR in patients with serum C-reactive Protein (CRP) &gt; 5 mg/L coupled with albumin &lt;4.0 g/dL in the last 6 months.	Bicarbonates	89-100	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	134-152
25002117-6	2014	Moreover, the adenylyl cyclase Cyr1 activity is present in mitochondria, and it contributes to the ATP-mediated regulation of COX through the normoxic subunit Cox5a, homologue of human COX4i1, in a bicarbonate-sensitive manner.	Bicarbonates	198-209	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A	Homo sapiens	159-164
25002117-6	2014	Moreover, the adenylyl cyclase Cyr1 activity is present in mitochondria, and it contributes to the ATP-mediated regulation of COX through the normoxic subunit Cox5a, homologue of human COX4i1, in a bicarbonate-sensitive manner.	Bicarbonates	198-209	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1	Homo sapiens	185-191
25237191-3	2014	The bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of hSOD1 causes oxidation of its own solvent-exposed Trp(32) residue.	Bicarbonates	4-15	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
25237191-4	2014	The resulting products are apparently different from those produced in the absence of bicarbonate and are most likely specific for simian SOD1s, which contain the Trp(32) residue.	Bicarbonates	86-97	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
25237191-5	2014	The aims of this work were to examine whether the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of hSOD1 (hSOD1(WT) and hSOD1(G93A) mutant) triggers aggregation of the enzyme and to comprehend the role of the Trp(32) residue in the process.	Bicarbonates	50-61	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
25237191-5	2014	The aims of this work were to examine whether the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of hSOD1 (hSOD1(WT) and hSOD1(G93A) mutant) triggers aggregation of the enzyme and to comprehend the role of the Trp(32) residue in the process.	Bicarbonates	50-61	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
25237191-5	2014	The aims of this work were to examine whether the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of hSOD1 (hSOD1(WT) and hSOD1(G93A) mutant) triggers aggregation of the enzyme and to comprehend the role of the Trp(32) residue in the process.	Bicarbonates	50-61	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	126-134
24518248-2	2014	Unexpectedly, many functions have subsequently been identified for IRBIT including the activation of multiple ion channels and ion transporters, such as the Na(+)/HCO3(-) co-transporter NBCe1-B, the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3, the Cl(-) channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger Slc26a6.	Bicarbonates	163-167	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
24865622-4	2014	We performed a multicenter longitudinal study to assess the effect of the switching from bicarbonate HD to HFR in patients with serum C-reactive Protein (CRP) &gt; 5 mg/L coupled with albumin &lt;4.0 g/dL in the last 6 months.	Bicarbonates	89-100	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	154-157
24905082-1	2014	Slc4a10 was originally identified as a Na(+) -driven Cl(-) /HCO3 (-) exchanger NCBE that transports extracellular Na(+) and HCO3 (-) in exchange for intracellular Cl(-) , whereas other studies argue against a Cl(-) -dependence for Na(+) -HCO3 (-) transport, and thus named it the electroneutral Na(+) /HCO3 (-) cotransporter NBCn2.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	0-7
25069981-4	2014	One of the genes most highly upregulated in a PT-dependent manner encodes an epithelial transporter of bicarbonate, chloride, and thiocyanate, named pendrin, that contributes to asthma pathology.	Bicarbonates	103-114	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	149-156
24990900-3	2014	The pendrin cap likely mediates apical Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange, but it was also found beneath the zona occludens and in early endosomes, some of which may recycle back to the apical membrane via Rab11a(+) vesicles.	Bicarbonates	45-49	pendrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-11
24990900-6	2014	Consistent with its proposed function in the basolateral exit of Na(+) via Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransport, AE4 was expressed as a barrel-like structure in the lateral membrane of beta-ICs.	Bicarbonates	81-85	anion exchange protein 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	103-106
25211240-6	2014	Among them, PC1 (C1-, Na+, SO4(2-), EC, and pH) and PC2 (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+and total amount of salts) are considered to be mainly influenced by artificial sources, while PC3 and PC4 (CO3(-) and HCO3(2-)) are mainly influenced by natural sources.	Bicarbonates	190-194	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
25211240-6	2014	Among them, PC1 (C1-, Na+, SO4(2-), EC, and pH) and PC2 (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+and total amount of salts) are considered to be mainly influenced by artificial sources, while PC3 and PC4 (CO3(-) and HCO3(2-)) are mainly influenced by natural sources.	Bicarbonates	190-194	chromobox 4	Homo sapiens	52-55
25130467-2	2014	Since CFTR is permeable to HCO3(-), and may regulate bicarbonate exchangers, it is not surprising evidence of changes in extracellular pH (pHo) have been found in CF.	Bicarbonates	27-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	6-10
25130467-2	2014	Since CFTR is permeable to HCO3(-), and may regulate bicarbonate exchangers, it is not surprising evidence of changes in extracellular pH (pHo) have been found in CF.	Bicarbonates	53-64	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	6-10
24954874-7	2014	While improvements in the ability to rapidly and accurately interpret complex genetic tests are clearly needed, some results, such as pathogenic CFTR variants, including a new class of bicarbonate-defective mutations, and PRSS1 variants have immediate implications that direct management.	Bicarbonates	185-196	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	145-149
25141009-0	2014	IL-17A induces Pendrin expression and chloride-bicarbonate exchange in human bronchial epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	47-58	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	0-6
25270793-2	2014	Besides playing a role in Cl(-)/HCO3(-) transport, it has been proposed that CFTR interacts with water membrane transport systems, particularly aquaporins, to control seminiferous tubular secretion, which is regulated by the somatic Sertoli cells (SCs).	Bicarbonates	32-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
25165176-3	2014	We report a patient harbouring a homozygous mutation of SLC2A2 who presented a dramatic exacerbation of metabolic acidosis in the context of a viral infection, owing to both ketosis and major urinary bicarbonate loss.	Bicarbonates	200-211	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	56-62
25131781-6	2014	On the apical domain, Na(+)-H(+) exchanger NHE3 and the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase are two major pathways mediating the apical uptake of HCO3(-)-related species.	Bicarbonates	131-138	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	43-47
25131781-7	2014	Taken together, NHE3 and H(+)-ATPase are responsible for about 80% of HCO3(-) reabsorption in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	16-20
24652792-5	2014	Stationary in vivo microperfusion experiments showed that luminal perfusion with 5 mM glucose stimulates NHE3-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	119-130	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
25141009-6	2014	Functional studies using live-cell fluorescence to measure intracellular pH demonstrated that IL-17A induced chloride-bicarbonate exchange in HBE cells that was not present in the absence of IL-17A.	Bicarbonates	118-129	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	94-100
25141009-7	2014	Furthermore, HBE cells treated with short interfering RNA against Pendrin showed substantially reduced chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	112-123	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	66-73
24233434-5	2014	DRA-deficient jejunum absorbed less fluid than WT, and acidified the effluent more strongly, consistent with its action as a Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger.	Bicarbonates	129-133	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-3
24556999-6	2014	We also discuss recent work describing the identification of a novel "NCC-like" transport system mediated by pendrin and the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (NDCBE) in the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting system.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	171-176
24233434-8	2014	Even in the absence of luminal Cl-, luminal CO2/HCO3 - augmented fluid absorption in WT, CAII, NHE2- or DRA-deficient, but not in PAT-1- or NHE3-deficient mice, indicating the likelihood that PAT-1 serves to import HCO3 - and NHE3 serves to import Na+ under these circumstances.	Bicarbonates	48-52	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	89-93
24515290-8	2014	It has become increasingly apparent that the structure of NBCe1 differs in several key features from the SLC4 Cl(-)-HCO3 (-) exchanger AE1 whose structural properties have been well-studied.	Bicarbonates	116-120	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	135-138
24233434-8	2014	Even in the absence of luminal Cl-, luminal CO2/HCO3 - augmented fluid absorption in WT, CAII, NHE2- or DRA-deficient, but not in PAT-1- or NHE3-deficient mice, indicating the likelihood that PAT-1 serves to import HCO3 - and NHE3 serves to import Na+ under these circumstances.	Bicarbonates	48-52	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	95-99
24233434-8	2014	Even in the absence of luminal Cl-, luminal CO2/HCO3 - augmented fluid absorption in WT, CAII, NHE2- or DRA-deficient, but not in PAT-1- or NHE3-deficient mice, indicating the likelihood that PAT-1 serves to import HCO3 - and NHE3 serves to import Na+ under these circumstances.	Bicarbonates	48-52	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	192-197
24233434-9	2014	The results suggest that PAT-1 plays an important role in jejunal Na+HCO3 - reabsorption, while DRA absorbs Cl- and exports HCO3 - in a partly CAII-dependent fashion.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	25-30
24233434-9	2014	The results suggest that PAT-1 plays an important role in jejunal Na+HCO3 - reabsorption, while DRA absorbs Cl- and exports HCO3 - in a partly CAII-dependent fashion.	Bicarbonates	124-128	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	96-99
24233434-9	2014	The results suggest that PAT-1 plays an important role in jejunal Na+HCO3 - reabsorption, while DRA absorbs Cl- and exports HCO3 - in a partly CAII-dependent fashion.	Bicarbonates	124-128	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	143-147
24240699-5	2014	Ductal fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion are mediated by the basolateral membrane Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporter NBCe1-B and the luminal membrane Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger slc26a6 and the Cl(-) channel CFTR.	Bicarbonates	17-21	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	164-171
24240699-5	2014	Ductal fluid and HCO3 (-) secretion are mediated by the basolateral membrane Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporter NBCe1-B and the luminal membrane Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger slc26a6 and the Cl(-) channel CFTR.	Bicarbonates	17-21	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	194-198
25033378-0	2014	Mechanisms of CFTR functional variants that impair regulated bicarbonate permeation and increase risk for pancreatitis but not for cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	61-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
25047106-15	2014	CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal the importance of AE3-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange in cardiovascular pH regulation and the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	Bicarbonates	66-70	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	49-52
25033378-2	2014	Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	132-143	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
25033378-2	2014	Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	132-143	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	19-23
25033378-2	2014	Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	132-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-46
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	109-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	109-120	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
24898583-5	2014	This was unaffected by the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS but inhibited by the CFTR blocker CFTRinh-172, suggesting that the HCO3- influx might occur via CFTR, rather than a solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) exchanger, as recently proposed.	Bicarbonates	124-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	109-120	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	63-67
24898583-5	2014	This was unaffected by the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS but inhibited by the CFTR blocker CFTRinh-172, suggesting that the HCO3- influx might occur via CFTR, rather than a solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) exchanger, as recently proposed.	Bicarbonates	124-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	109-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
24898583-7	2014	For pHi to rise to observed values (~7.8) through HCO3- entry via CFTR, the apical membrane potential must reverse to at least +20 mV following Cl- substitution; this was confirmed by perforated-patch recordings.	Bicarbonates	50-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
24898583-8	2014	Substitution of basolateral Cl- evoked a DIDS-sensitive alkalinization, attributed to Cl-/HCO3- exchange via AE2.	Bicarbonates	90-94	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	109-112
24898583-9	2014	This appeared to be abolished in forskolin-stimulated cells but was unmasked by blocking apical efflux of HCO3- via CFTR.	Bicarbonates	106-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-120
24898583-10	2014	We conclude that Calu-3 cells secrete HCO3- predominantly via CFTR, and, contrary to previous reports, the basolateral anion exchanger AE2 remains active during stimulation, providing an important pathway for basolateral Cl- uptake.	Bicarbonates	38-42	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	196-207	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	196-207	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	196-207	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	63-67
25033378-4	2014	We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF.	Bicarbonates	196-207	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
25033378-10	2014	WNK1-SPAK pathway-activated increases in CFTR bicarbonate permeability are altered by CFTRBD variants through multiple mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	46-57	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
25033378-10	2014	WNK1-SPAK pathway-activated increases in CFTR bicarbonate permeability are altered by CFTRBD variants through multiple mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	46-57	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	5-9
25033378-10	2014	WNK1-SPAK pathway-activated increases in CFTR bicarbonate permeability are altered by CFTRBD variants through multiple mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	46-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
24808535-7	2014	Most importantly, when transferred to medium that mimics a pronounced metabolic acidosis (9 mM HCO3 (-), pH 6.9), the LLC-PK1-FBPase(+) cells exhibit a gradual increase in NH4 (+) ion production, accompanied by increases in glutaminase and cytosolic PEPCK mRNA levels and proteins.	Bicarbonates	95-99	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Sus scrofa	126-132
24666699-3	2014	METHODS: Proximal tubule NHE3 activity was measured as the rate of bicarbonate reabsorption by stationary microperfusion.	Bicarbonates	67-78	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
24573316-11	2014	Thus, the enhanced effect of amiloride on potassium secretion in wild-type compared to knockout mice on the alkaline diet clarify a BK- alpha/beta4-mediated potassium secretory pathway in intercalated cells driven by ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption linked to bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	261-272	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	217-221
24914985-2	2014	Human isoform CA II (HCA II) is abundant in the surface epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, where it serves an important role in cytoprotection through bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	156-167	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
24888820-4	2014	By application of ruthenium pincer complexes, a simultaneous methanol dehydrogenation and bicarbonate hydrogenation reaction proceeds, which provides a green synthesis of formate salts with excellent TON (&gt;18,000), TOF (&gt;1300 h(-1)), and yield (&gt;90%).	Bicarbonates	90-101	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	218-221
24534272-2	2014	Although almost all members of this family are transporters, CFTR functions as a channel with specificity for anions, in particular chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	145-156	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
24981232-1	2014	The transmembrane protein TMEM16A forms a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel that is permeable to many anions, including SCN(-), I(-), Br(-), Cl(-), and HCO3 (-), and has been implicated in various physiological functions.	Bicarbonates	149-153	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	26-33
24831004-1	2014	Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3 expressed in the intestine and kidney plays a major role in NaCl and HCO3 (-) absorption that is closely linked to fluid absorption and blood pressure regulation.	Bicarbonates	95-99	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-25
25019073-2	2014	Enhanced biliary proliferation [for example after bile duct ligation (BDL) and partial hepatectomy] is associated with increased expression of secretin receptor (SR), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) anion exchanger 2 and secretin-stimulated ductal secretion, whereas loss/damage of bile ducts [for example after acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration] is associated with reduced secretin-stimulated ductal secretory activity.	Bicarbonates	236-240	secretin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	143-160
24361611-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The hydration of CO2 catalyzed by the ubiquitous carbonic anhydrase 2 (Ca2) is central for bicarbonate transport, bone metabolism and acid-base homeostasis in metazoans.	Bicarbonates	103-114	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	61-81
24361611-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The hydration of CO2 catalyzed by the ubiquitous carbonic anhydrase 2 (Ca2) is central for bicarbonate transport, bone metabolism and acid-base homeostasis in metazoans.	Bicarbonates	103-114	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	83-86
24361611-7	2014	Surprisingly, inhibition of the bicarbonate-sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) was found to reduce CA2 expression instead of increasing it.	Bicarbonates	32-43	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	105-108
25019073-2	2014	Enhanced biliary proliferation [for example after bile duct ligation (BDL) and partial hepatectomy] is associated with increased expression of secretin receptor (SR), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) anion exchanger 2 and secretin-stimulated ductal secretion, whereas loss/damage of bile ducts [for example after acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration] is associated with reduced secretin-stimulated ductal secretory activity.	Bicarbonates	236-240	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	143-151
25019073-11	2014	Also, secretin increased the expression of proteins (SR and CFTR) that are key in the regulating ductal secretion and enhanced secretin-stimulated cAMP levels and bile and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	172-183	secretin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	53-55
25019073-11	2014	Also, secretin increased the expression of proteins (SR and CFTR) that are key in the regulating ductal secretion and enhanced secretin-stimulated cAMP levels and bile and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	172-183	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	6-14
25019073-11	2014	Also, secretin increased the expression of proteins (SR and CFTR) that are key in the regulating ductal secretion and enhanced secretin-stimulated cAMP levels and bile and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	172-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
25019073-11	2014	Also, secretin increased the expression of proteins (SR and CFTR) that are key in the regulating ductal secretion and enhanced secretin-stimulated cAMP levels and bile and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	172-183	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	127-135
24373192-6	2014	RESULTS: HCO3 (-) secretory (JHCO3- ) and fluid absorptive rates were strongly reduced in Slc26a3(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates.	Bicarbonates	9-13	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	90-97
24844638-1	2014	NBCn1 (SLC4A7) plays a role in transepithelial HCO3 (-) movement and intracellular pH maintenance in many tissues.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
24844638-1	2014	NBCn1 (SLC4A7) plays a role in transepithelial HCO3 (-) movement and intracellular pH maintenance in many tissues.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	7-13
24844638-9	2014	Moreover, syntrophin gamma2 increased intracellular pH recovery, from acidification, mediated by NBCn1"s Na/HCO3 cotransport.	Bicarbonates	108-112	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	21-27
24844638-9	2014	Moreover, syntrophin gamma2 increased intracellular pH recovery, from acidification, mediated by NBCn1"s Na/HCO3 cotransport.	Bicarbonates	108-112	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	97-102
24515893-2	2014	Subsequent pHi regulation may involve HCO3 (-) extrusion through Cl(-) /HCO3 (-) exchangers and/or Na(+) -HCO3 (-) co-transporters with acid-loading capability.	Bicarbonates	72-76	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	11-14
24868584-0	2014	HCO3- secretion by SLC26A3 and mucosal defence in the colon.	Bicarbonates	0-4	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-26
24515893-2	2014	Subsequent pHi regulation may involve HCO3 (-) extrusion through Cl(-) /HCO3 (-) exchangers and/or Na(+) -HCO3 (-) co-transporters with acid-loading capability.	Bicarbonates	38-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	11-14
24515893-3	2014	Abnormalities in these mechanisms could result in immune dysfunctions, as suggested by the CD8(+) T-cell expansion encountered in mice lacking Ae2 (a widely expressed acid loader with electroneutral and Na(+) -independent Cl(-) /HCO3 (-) anion-exchange activity).	Bicarbonates	229-233	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	143-146
24728862-0	2014	Tissue-Specific Induction of Mouse ZIP8 and ZIP14 Divalent Cation/Bicarbonate Symporters by, and Cytokine Response to, Inflammatory Signals.	Bicarbonates	66-77	solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	44-49
24022703-6	2014	Knock-down using siRNA in immortalized GPNT cells identifies AE2 as responsible for much of the Cl-/HCO3- exchange following extracellular chloride removal and NHE1 as the transporter that accounts for most of the Na+/H+ exchange following intracellular acidification.	Bicarbonates	100-104	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
24412803-4	2014	One potential strategy to mitigate this effect entails inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity to reduce HCO3(-)-dependent depolarization via GABAA receptors when KCC2 function is compromised.	Bicarbonates	107-111	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	165-169
24224935-8	2014	These results indicate that two separate components for HCO3(-) secretion, likely via CFTR- and calcium-activated chloride channel-dependent processes, are physiologically regulated for likely roles in mucus clearance and antimicrobial innate defenses of small airways.	Bicarbonates	56-60	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
23884895-1	2014	To investigate whether further, diagnostic procedures should be recommended in patients with slight increase of preoperative serum basal calcitonin (bCT) levels in whom surgical treatment can be recommendable.	Bicarbonates	149-152	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	137-147
24412803-4	2014	One potential strategy to mitigate this effect entails inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity to reduce HCO3(-)-dependent depolarization via GABAA receptors when KCC2 function is compromised.	Bicarbonates	107-111	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	144-149
24356583-1	2014	The APEX software predicts the photochemical transformation kinetics of xenobiotics in surface waters as a function of: photoreactivity parameters (direct photolysis quantum yield and second-order reaction rate constants with transient species, namely  OH, CO3(-) , (1)O2 and the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, (3)CDOM*), water chemistry (nitrate, nitrite, bicarbonate, carbonate, bromide and dissolved organic carbon, DOC), and water depth (more specifically, the optical path length of sunlight in water).	Bicarbonates	383-394	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
24472682-1	2014	Although AHCYL2 (long-IRBIT) is highly homologous to IRBIT, which regulates ion-transporting proteins including the electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCe1-B, its functions are poorly understood.	Bicarbonates	135-139	adenosylhomocysteinase like 2	Homo sapiens	9-15
24647960-2	2014	Here, we use patch-clamp techniques to assess regulation of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell excitability by HCO3(-) in acute brain slices from C57BL/6 mice.	Bicarbonates	107-111	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	72-75
24642792-0	2014	Short-term regulation of murine colonic NBCe1-B (electrogenic Na+/HCO3(-) cotransporter) membrane expression and activity by protein kinase C. The colonic mucosa actively secretes HCO3(-), and several lines of evidence point to an important role of Na+/HCO3(-) cotransport (NBC) as a basolateral HCO3(-) import pathway.	Bicarbonates	66-70	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	40-43
24642792-0	2014	Short-term regulation of murine colonic NBCe1-B (electrogenic Na+/HCO3(-) cotransporter) membrane expression and activity by protein kinase C. The colonic mucosa actively secretes HCO3(-), and several lines of evidence point to an important role of Na+/HCO3(-) cotransport (NBC) as a basolateral HCO3(-) import pathway.	Bicarbonates	180-184	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	40-43
24472682-1	2014	Although AHCYL2 (long-IRBIT) is highly homologous to IRBIT, which regulates ion-transporting proteins including the electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCe1-B, its functions are poorly understood.	Bicarbonates	135-139	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
24472682-1	2014	Although AHCYL2 (long-IRBIT) is highly homologous to IRBIT, which regulates ion-transporting proteins including the electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCe1-B, its functions are poorly understood.	Bicarbonates	135-139	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
24472682-3	2014	Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments revealed that co-expression of AHCYL2 reduces the apparent affinity for intracellular Mg(2+) in inhibition of NBCe1-B currents specifically in a HCO3(-)-deficient cellular condition.	Bicarbonates	180-185	adenosylhomocysteinase like 2	Homo sapiens	66-72
24794451-6	2014	RESULTS: there were statistically significant differences in P20 group in MAP, pH, HCO3 and BE, but within normal limits.	Bicarbonates	83-87	tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3	Homo sapiens	61-64
24476417-2	2014	Through initial velocity, product inhibition, isotopic exchange and alternate substrate experiments, early investigators established that PC catalyzes the MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate by HCO3 (-) through a nonclassical sequential Bi Bi Uni Uni reaction mechanism.	Bicarbonates	200-204	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	138-140
24368347-13	2014	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Deletion of Na/H exchanger regulatory factor-1 resulted in gross mislocalization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, causing marked reduction in pancreatic ductal fluid and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	224-235	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	115-166
24696833-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Reduction of biliary serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) expression and melatonin administration/secretion in cholangiocytes increases biliary proliferation and the expression of SR, CFTR and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) AE2.	Bicarbonates	221-225	aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	42-71
24395628-0	2014	Association between serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and bicarbonate in hemodialysis patients.	Bicarbonates	68-79	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	26-63
24395628-3	2014	This study determined the relationship between PAPP-A and bicarbonate levels in these patients.	Bicarbonates	58-69	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	47-53
24395628-8	2014	There were statistically significant correlations between serum PAPP-A and bicarbonate, iPTH, and P in hemodialysis patients but not in control subjects.	Bicarbonates	75-86	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
24395628-9	2014	CONCLUSION: Elevation of serum PAPP-A has been found in hemodialysis patients and its significant correlation with bicarbonate suggests that it may be a prognostic factor.	Bicarbonates	115-126	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	31-37
24377861-3	2014	We studied the involvement of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in sperm capacitation, and reported that CD52 and CD55 exhibit bicarbonate-dependent release during in vitro sperm capacitation.	Bicarbonates	150-161	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	128-132
24377861-3	2014	We studied the involvement of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in sperm capacitation, and reported that CD52 and CD55 exhibit bicarbonate-dependent release during in vitro sperm capacitation.	Bicarbonates	150-161	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	137-141
24377861-8	2014	In full capacitating conditions (i.e., the presence of bicarbonate and albumin), PIPLC treatment caused sperm deterioration.	Bicarbonates	55-66	phospholipase C beta 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
24379189-1	2014	The proximal nephron reabsorbs 60% to 70% of the fluid and sodium and most of the filtered bicarbonate via Na/H exchanger 3.	Bicarbonates	91-102	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	107-123
24412070-4	2014	For instance, changes in the level of IAP activity can affect gut mucosa tolerance to microbial invasion due to the ability of IAP to detoxify bacterial endotoxins, alter the absorption of fatty acids and affect ectopurinergic regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	250-261	alkaline phosphatase 3, intestine, not Mn requiring	Mus musculus	38-41
24412070-4	2014	For instance, changes in the level of IAP activity can affect gut mucosa tolerance to microbial invasion due to the ability of IAP to detoxify bacterial endotoxins, alter the absorption of fatty acids and affect ectopurinergic regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	250-261	alkaline phosphatase 3, intestine, not Mn requiring	Mus musculus	127-130
24338019-4	2014	Coexpression of CAIV with MCT1 and MCT4 resulted in a significant increase in MCT transport activity, even in the nominal absence of CO2/HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	137-141	carbonic anhydrase 4 gene 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-20
24338019-4	2014	Coexpression of CAIV with MCT1 and MCT4 resulted in a significant increase in MCT transport activity, even in the nominal absence of CO2/HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	137-141	malignant T-cell amplified sequence 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-30
24338019-4	2014	Coexpression of CAIV with MCT1 and MCT4 resulted in a significant increase in MCT transport activity, even in the nominal absence of CO2/HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	137-141	solute carrier family 16 member 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	35-39
24434640-11	2014	SLC26A6 and NBCe1-B up-regulation by genistein could be responsible for the observed increase in the uterine fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3(-) concentration under this condition.	Bicarbonates	127-131	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
24478713-7	2013	On the other hand, both Ae2 (+/+) a,b and Ae2 (-/-) a,b mouse cholangiocytes exhibited a Cl(-)-independent bicarbonate transport system, essentially a Na(+)-bicarbonate cotransport (NBC) system, which could contribute to pHi regulation in the absence of AE2.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	24-27
24478713-7	2013	On the other hand, both Ae2 (+/+) a,b and Ae2 (-/-) a,b mouse cholangiocytes exhibited a Cl(-)-independent bicarbonate transport system, essentially a Na(+)-bicarbonate cotransport (NBC) system, which could contribute to pHi regulation in the absence of AE2.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	42-45
25358692-12	2014	When we expressed the p.V510D mutant pendrin in mammalian cells, the rate constants for Cl-/HCO3- exchange were 10.96+-4.79% compared with those of wild-type pendrin.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	37-44
24409151-5	2014	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-induced catalytic component of the bicarbonate import arm of this machinery.	Bicarbonates	78-89	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-21
24409151-5	2014	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-induced catalytic component of the bicarbonate import arm of this machinery.	Bicarbonates	78-89	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	23-28
24523642-3	2014	The carbonate-bicarbonate coating buffer was prepared in 60% and 80% D2O for coating the p26 protein in 96-well ELISA plate and thermal stability was examined at 4  C, 37  C, 42  C, and 45  C over a storage time from 2 weeks to 10 months.	Bicarbonates	14-25	transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 3	Homo sapiens	89-92
25358692-12	2014	When we expressed the p.V510D mutant pendrin in mammalian cells, the rate constants for Cl-/HCO3- exchange were 10.96+-4.79% compared with those of wild-type pendrin.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	158-165
24345748-1	2014	The highly conserved human and mouse SLC39A8 gene encodes the divalent cation/bicarbonate symporter ZIP8 expressed ubiquitously in most cell types.	Bicarbonates	78-89	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	37-44
24714077-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Bicarbonate transport has crucial roles in regulating intracellular pH (pHi) in a variety of cells.	Bicarbonates	12-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	84-87
24982885-2	2014	Indeed, mutations in the Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporter NBCe1, which mediates a majority of bicarbonate exit from PTs, cause severe proximal renal tubular acidosis associated with ocular and other extrarenal abnormalities.	Bicarbonates	90-101	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	25-53
24115633-1	2014	The solute carrier 26 (SLC26) family emerges as a distinct class of anion transporters with its members SLC26A3 (Slc26a3) and SLC26A6 (Slc26a6) reported to be electrogenic Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	178-182	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	104-111
24115633-1	2014	The solute carrier 26 (SLC26) family emerges as a distinct class of anion transporters with its members SLC26A3 (Slc26a3) and SLC26A6 (Slc26a6) reported to be electrogenic Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	178-182	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	113-120
24115633-1	2014	The solute carrier 26 (SLC26) family emerges as a distinct class of anion transporters with its members SLC26A3 (Slc26a3) and SLC26A6 (Slc26a6) reported to be electrogenic Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	178-182	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	126-133
24115633-1	2014	The solute carrier 26 (SLC26) family emerges as a distinct class of anion transporters with its members SLC26A3 (Slc26a3) and SLC26A6 (Slc26a6) reported to be electrogenic Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	178-182	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	135-142
24115633-4	2014	We also summarise recent work on Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 in uterine epithelial cells and sperm, revealing their functional role in working closely with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for HCO3(-) transport in these cells.	Bicarbonates	215-219	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	33-40
24115633-4	2014	We also summarise recent work on Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 in uterine epithelial cells and sperm, revealing their functional role in working closely with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for HCO3(-) transport in these cells.	Bicarbonates	215-219	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	45-52
24115633-4	2014	We also summarise recent work on Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 in uterine epithelial cells and sperm, revealing their functional role in working closely with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for HCO3(-) transport in these cells.	Bicarbonates	215-219	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	152-203
24115633-4	2014	We also summarise recent work on Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 in uterine epithelial cells and sperm, revealing their functional role in working closely with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for HCO3(-) transport in these cells.	Bicarbonates	215-219	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	205-209
24791884-2	2014	The Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger SLC26A3 is strongly expressed in the mid-distal colon and plays an essential role in colonic Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	10-14	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	28-35
24791884-2	2014	The Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger SLC26A3 is strongly expressed in the mid-distal colon and plays an essential role in colonic Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	142-146	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	28-35
25182258-10	2014	Positive correlation between OPG concentration and HCO3 -and BE levels has been observed, as well as negative correlation between RANKL/OPG ratio and HCO3 -and BE levels.	Bicarbonates	51-55	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	29-32
25182258-10	2014	Positive correlation between OPG concentration and HCO3 -and BE levels has been observed, as well as negative correlation between RANKL/OPG ratio and HCO3 -and BE levels.	Bicarbonates	150-154	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	130-135
25182258-10	2014	Positive correlation between OPG concentration and HCO3 -and BE levels has been observed, as well as negative correlation between RANKL/OPG ratio and HCO3 -and BE levels.	Bicarbonates	150-154	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	136-139
24345748-1	2014	The highly conserved human and mouse SLC39A8 gene encodes the divalent cation/bicarbonate symporter ZIP8 expressed ubiquitously in most cell types.	Bicarbonates	78-89	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	100-104
24070792-3	2014	The RTA type II is a consequence of the inability of the proximal tubule to reabsorb bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	85-96	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	4-7
26445757-3	2014	The result depicted abundance of major ions; Ca2+ &gt; Mg2+ &gt; Na+ &gt; K+ = HCO3- &gt; Cl- &gt; SO4(2-) &gt; NO3-.	Bicarbonates	79-83	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	112-115
23907162-15	2014	Present findings strongly support that cAMP efflux, presumably through MRP4, and the activation of A1 adenosine receptor regulate some events associated with bicarbonate-induced sperm capacitation, and further suggest a paracrine and/or autocrine role for cAMP.	Bicarbonates	158-169	multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Bos taurus	71-75
24146379-5	2014	The 35-kDa human CA IV is a "high activity" isozyme in CO2 hydration activity, like CA II, and has higher activity than other isozymes in catalyzing the dehydration of HCO3 (-).	Bicarbonates	168-172	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
24146379-6	2014	Human CA IV is also unique in that it contains no oligosaccharide chains, where all other mammalian CA IVs are glycoproteins with one to several oligosaccharide side chains.Although CA IV has been shown to be active in mediating CO2 and HCO3 (-) transport in many important tissues like kidney and lung, and in isolated cells from brain and muscle, the gene for CA IV appears not to be essential.	Bicarbonates	237-241	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
24391589-3	2013	In the kidney, the NBCe1-A variant that is expressed on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule is the key transporter responsible for overall transepithelial bicarbonate absorption in this nephron segment.	Bicarbonates	163-174	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	19-26
24376658-0	2013	Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on bicarbonate transport in long- and short-looped medullary thick ascending limbs of rats.	Bicarbonates	41-52	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	11-37
24376658-2	2013	In the present study, we investigated the effect of ANP on bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)) transport in the MAL using an isolated tubule perfusion technique.	Bicarbonates	59-70	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
24376658-2	2013	In the present study, we investigated the effect of ANP on bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)) transport in the MAL using an isolated tubule perfusion technique.	Bicarbonates	72-78	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
24376658-5	2013	AVP inhibited HCO3 (-) reabsorption in both lMALs and sMALs, whereas ANP did not change HCO3 (-) transport.	Bicarbonates	14-18	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
24376658-6	2013	However, in the presence of AVP, ANP restored the HCO3 (-) reabsorption inhibited by AVP both in lMAL and sMAL.	Bicarbonates	50-54	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
24376658-6	2013	However, in the presence of AVP, ANP restored the HCO3 (-) reabsorption inhibited by AVP both in lMAL and sMAL.	Bicarbonates	50-54	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
24376658-6	2013	However, in the presence of AVP, ANP restored the HCO3 (-) reabsorption inhibited by AVP both in lMAL and sMAL.	Bicarbonates	50-54	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
24376658-7	2013	The effects of ANP on HCO3 (-) transport was mimicked by cyclic GMP.	Bicarbonates	22-26	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
24376658-9	2013	In summary, AVP inhibits HCO3 (-) transport, and ANP counteracts the action of AVP on HCO3 (-) transport both in lMALs and sMALs.	Bicarbonates	25-29	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
24376658-9	2013	In summary, AVP inhibits HCO3 (-) transport, and ANP counteracts the action of AVP on HCO3 (-) transport both in lMALs and sMALs.	Bicarbonates	86-90	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
24376658-9	2013	In summary, AVP inhibits HCO3 (-) transport, and ANP counteracts the action of AVP on HCO3 (-) transport both in lMALs and sMALs.	Bicarbonates	86-90	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
24381558-7	2013	Major mechanisms for maintenance of pHi homeostasis include monocarboxylate, bicarbonate, and proton transporters.	Bicarbonates	77-88	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	36-39
24005470-1	2013	The NBCn1 Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter catalyzes the electroneutral movement of 1 Na(+):1 HCO3(-) into kidney cells.	Bicarbonates	16-20	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	4-9
24126916-8	2013	Oatp1d1 activity is dependent upon pH gradient, which could indicate bicarbonate exchange as a mode of transport.	Bicarbonates	69-80	solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1D1	Danio rerio	0-7
24005470-3	2013	After acid loading, in the presence of HCO3(-), ~50% of the pHi recovery phase was blocked by the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger inhibitors EIPA (10-50 muM) and amiloride (1 mM) and was fully cancelled by 30 muM EIPA under nominally HCO3(-)-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	39-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	60-63
24005470-3	2013	After acid loading, in the presence of HCO3(-), ~50% of the pHi recovery phase was blocked by the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger inhibitors EIPA (10-50 muM) and amiloride (1 mM) and was fully cancelled by 30 muM EIPA under nominally HCO3(-)-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	223-227	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	60-63
24005470-4	2013	In addition, in the presence of HCO3(-), pHi recovery after acid loading was completely blocked when Na(+) was omitted in the buffer.	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	41-44
24005470-5	2013	pHi recovery after acidification in HEK cells was repeated in the presence of the NBC inhibitor S0859, and the pHi recovery was inhibited by S0859 in a dose-dependent manner (Ki = 30 muM, full inhibition at 60 muM), which confirmed NBC Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter activation.	Bicarbonates	242-246	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
24005470-5	2013	pHi recovery after acidification in HEK cells was repeated in the presence of the NBC inhibitor S0859, and the pHi recovery was inhibited by S0859 in a dose-dependent manner (Ki = 30 muM, full inhibition at 60 muM), which confirmed NBC Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter activation.	Bicarbonates	242-246	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	111-114
24005470-7	2013	Finally, exposure of HEK cells to high CO2 significantly increased the HCO3(-)-dependent recovery of pHi after acid loading.	Bicarbonates	71-75	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	101-104
24005470-8	2013	We conclude that HEK cells expressed the NBCn1 Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter as the only HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism responsible for cellular alkaline loading.	Bicarbonates	53-57	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	41-46
24005470-9	2013	NBCn1, which expresses in different kidney cell types, was upregulated by 24-h high-Pco2 exposure of HEK cells, and this upregulation was accompanied by increased NBCn1-mediated HCO3(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	178-182	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	0-5
24005470-9	2013	NBCn1, which expresses in different kidney cell types, was upregulated by 24-h high-Pco2 exposure of HEK cells, and this upregulation was accompanied by increased NBCn1-mediated HCO3(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	178-182	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	163-168
24129574-3	2013	Although the HCO3(-)-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase Adcy10 plays a role in motility, less is known about the source of cAMP in the sperm head.	Bicarbonates	13-17	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	56-62
24348423-2	2013	The normal luminal membrane expression of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, aquaporin-1 and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 in the choroid plexus is severely affected by deletion of the slc4a10 gene that encodes the bicarbonate transporting protein Ncbe/NBCn2.	Bicarbonates	192-203	aquaporin 1	Mus musculus	61-99
24348423-2	2013	The normal luminal membrane expression of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, aquaporin-1 and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 in the choroid plexus is severely affected by deletion of the slc4a10 gene that encodes the bicarbonate transporting protein Ncbe/NBCn2.	Bicarbonates	192-203	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	162-169
24349396-5	2013	RESULTS: Among the baseline parameters, serum bicarbonate level was positively associated with hemoglobin level and residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR), while it was negatively associated with albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, peritoneal Kt/V urea, and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) in a multivariable linear regression analysis.	Bicarbonates	46-57	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	228-231
24349396-5	2013	RESULTS: Among the baseline parameters, serum bicarbonate level was positively associated with hemoglobin level and residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR), while it was negatively associated with albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, peritoneal Kt/V urea, and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) in a multivariable linear regression analysis.	Bicarbonates	46-57	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	302-306
24349396-10	2013	This relationship between low bicarbonate levels and adverse outcome could be related to enhanced inflammation and a more rapid loss of RRF associated with metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	30-41	mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor	Homo sapiens	136-139
23916755-2	2013	While the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a Cl(-) and HCO3(-) conducting anion channel expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells, has been implicated in the regulation of epithelial polarity, the exact role of CFTR in the pathogenesis of cancer and its possible involvement in EMT process have not been elucidated.	Bicarbonates	82-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	10-61
23916755-2	2013	While the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a Cl(-) and HCO3(-) conducting anion channel expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells, has been implicated in the regulation of epithelial polarity, the exact role of CFTR in the pathogenesis of cancer and its possible involvement in EMT process have not been elucidated.	Bicarbonates	82-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	63-67
23916755-2	2013	While the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a Cl(-) and HCO3(-) conducting anion channel expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells, has been implicated in the regulation of epithelial polarity, the exact role of CFTR in the pathogenesis of cancer and its possible involvement in EMT process have not been elucidated.	Bicarbonates	82-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	244-248
23933580-2	2013	A member of the solute carrier (SLC) family, Slc26a6, has been shown to be a chloride-hydroxyl exchanger and the predominant chloride-bicarbonate exchanger in the mouse heart.	Bicarbonates	134-145	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	45-52
23933580-10	2013	CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that cardiac myocytes express different isoforms of Slc26a6, which encode electrogenic Cl(-)/HCO3(-) and Cl(-)/oxalate exchangers.	Bicarbonates	120-124	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	79-86
23933580-11	2013	The electrogenic nature of the Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange of cardiac Slc26a6 suggests important roles in regulating acid-base balance in the heart.	Bicarbonates	37-41	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	65-72
23959679-8	2013	A combination of electrophysiology and biotinylation shows that the OSEs can affect surface abundance and intrinsic HCO3(-) transport activity of NBCn1, as expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Bicarbonates	116-120	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	146-151
23926230-7	2013	BPG, Pi and HCO3(-) also reversibly bind to HbA with similar energies as glucose isomers (~3-5 kcal/mol) and share common binding sites with glucose isomers.	Bicarbonates	12-16	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Homo sapiens	44-47
23888352-2	2013	The enzyme carbonic anhydrase accelerates CO2 removal within gas exchange devices by locally catalyzing HCO3 (-) into gaseous CO2 within the blood.	Bicarbonates	104-108	complement C2	Homo sapiens	42-45
23888352-2	2013	The enzyme carbonic anhydrase accelerates CO2 removal within gas exchange devices by locally catalyzing HCO3 (-) into gaseous CO2 within the blood.	Bicarbonates	104-108	complement C2	Homo sapiens	126-129
23878365-6	2013	Both the CAII and the AE1 fusion proteins are fully functional in tsA201 cells as judged by CA activity and by cellular HCO3(-) permeability (P(HCO3(-))) sensitive to inhibition by 4,4-Diisothiocyano-2,2-stilbenedisulfonic acid.	Bicarbonates	120-124	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	9-13
23878365-6	2013	Both the CAII and the AE1 fusion proteins are fully functional in tsA201 cells as judged by CA activity and by cellular HCO3(-) permeability (P(HCO3(-))) sensitive to inhibition by 4,4-Diisothiocyano-2,2-stilbenedisulfonic acid.	Bicarbonates	120-124	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-25
23878365-6	2013	Both the CAII and the AE1 fusion proteins are fully functional in tsA201 cells as judged by CA activity and by cellular HCO3(-) permeability (P(HCO3(-))) sensitive to inhibition by 4,4-Diisothiocyano-2,2-stilbenedisulfonic acid.	Bicarbonates	144-148	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	9-13
23878365-6	2013	Both the CAII and the AE1 fusion proteins are fully functional in tsA201 cells as judged by CA activity and by cellular HCO3(-) permeability (P(HCO3(-))) sensitive to inhibition by 4,4-Diisothiocyano-2,2-stilbenedisulfonic acid.	Bicarbonates	144-148	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-25
23878365-11	2013	A functional contribution of the hypothesized CAII-AE1 metabolon to erythroid AE1-mediated HCO3(-) transport was further tested in normal red cells and red cells from CAII-deficient patients that retain substantial CA activity associated with the erythroid CAI protein lacking the proposed AE1-binding sequence.	Bicarbonates	91-95	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
23878365-11	2013	A functional contribution of the hypothesized CAII-AE1 metabolon to erythroid AE1-mediated HCO3(-) transport was further tested in normal red cells and red cells from CAII-deficient patients that retain substantial CA activity associated with the erythroid CAI protein lacking the proposed AE1-binding sequence.	Bicarbonates	91-95	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-54
23878365-11	2013	A functional contribution of the hypothesized CAII-AE1 metabolon to erythroid AE1-mediated HCO3(-) transport was further tested in normal red cells and red cells from CAII-deficient patients that retain substantial CA activity associated with the erythroid CAI protein lacking the proposed AE1-binding sequence.	Bicarbonates	91-95	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	78-81
23878365-11	2013	A functional contribution of the hypothesized CAII-AE1 metabolon to erythroid AE1-mediated HCO3(-) transport was further tested in normal red cells and red cells from CAII-deficient patients that retain substantial CA activity associated with the erythroid CAI protein lacking the proposed AE1-binding sequence.	Bicarbonates	91-95	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	78-81
23878365-13	2013	A theoretical model predicts that homogeneous cytoplasmic distribution of CAII is more favourable for cellular transport of HCO3(-) and CO2 than is association of CAII with the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	124-128	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
24206662-7	2013	Dephosphorylation of MR(S843-P) results in aldosterone-dependent increases of the intercalated cell apical proton pump and Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers, increasing Cl(-) reabsorption and promoting increased plasma volume while inhibiting K(+) secretion.	Bicarbonates	129-133	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	21-23
23864610-6	2013	The data indicate that HS(-) is a very good substrate for AE1; the Cl(-)/HS(-) exchange rate is about one-third as rapid as Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	130-134	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	58-61
24061343-5	2013	U toxicity was relieved when increasing amounts of bicarbonate were added to synthetic groundwater containing 4.5 muM U(VI).	Bicarbonates	51-62	latexin	Homo sapiens	114-117
24168032-4	2013	In fact fibroblasts show a strong upregulation of CA IX expression upon activation by cancer cells, while CA IX products, protons and bicarbonate, exert differential effects on cancer cells proliferation.	Bicarbonates	134-145	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	106-111
24077955-9	2013	Reduction of CFTR expression in sperm from old men was correlated with lowered forward motility and decreased HCO3(-) sensitivity required for sperm capacitation.	Bicarbonates	110-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
24155723-4	2013	In the basolateral membrane the electroneutral Na(+) dependent Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger, NCBE (slc4a10) is expressed.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	89-93
24155723-4	2013	In the basolateral membrane the electroneutral Na(+) dependent Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger, NCBE (slc4a10) is expressed.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	95-102
23864606-11	2013	In summary our results show that SLC4A11 is not a bicarbonate or borate-linked transporter but has significant EIPA-sensitive Na(+)-OH(-)(H(+)) and NH4(+) permeability.	Bicarbonates	50-61	solute carrier family 4 member 11	Homo sapiens	33-40
23933130-9	2013	Gene silencing with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting slc26a4, slc26a6 and slc26a9 reduced Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity in both cell lines.	Bicarbonates	105-109	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	62-69
23933130-9	2013	Gene silencing with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting slc26a4, slc26a6 and slc26a9 reduced Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity in both cell lines.	Bicarbonates	105-109	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	71-78
23933130-9	2013	Gene silencing with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting slc26a4, slc26a6 and slc26a9 reduced Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity in both cell lines.	Bicarbonates	105-109	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	83-90
23220417-9	2013	When IRR is removed genetically, animals loose the property to excrete bicarbonate upon experimentally induced alkalosis.	Bicarbonates	71-82	insulin receptor related receptor	Homo sapiens	5-8
23855710-4	2013	The chosen oxidizing system was the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of hSOD1 that consumes H2O2 to produce carbonate radical, which oxidizes the enzyme.	Bicarbonates	36-47	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
23855710-10	2013	Tempol consumption by the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of hSOD1 may be one of the reasons why high doses of tempol were required to afford protection in an ALS rat model.	Bicarbonates	26-37	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
23815769-7	2013	However, A20 was also able to indirectly utilize HCO3 - by first converting it to CO2 via external carbonic anhydrase.	Bicarbonates	49-53	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-27	Homo sapiens	9-12
24101904-1	2013	The electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporter NBCe1 plays an essential role in bicarbonate absorption from renal proximal tubules, but also mediates the other biological processes in extrarenal tissues such as bicarbonate secretion from pancreatic ducts, maintenance of tissue homeostasis in eye, enamel maturation in teeth, or local pH regulation in synapses.	Bicarbonates	79-90	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	17-45
24101904-1	2013	The electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporter NBCe1 plays an essential role in bicarbonate absorption from renal proximal tubules, but also mediates the other biological processes in extrarenal tissues such as bicarbonate secretion from pancreatic ducts, maintenance of tissue homeostasis in eye, enamel maturation in teeth, or local pH regulation in synapses.	Bicarbonates	210-221	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	17-45
23757197-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a severe genetic disease, is caused by mutations that alter the structure and function of CFTR, a plasma membrane channel permeable to chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	170-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	112-116
23878362-6	2013	ENaC is negatively regulated by CFTR and, in patients with CF, the absence of CFTR results in a double hit of reduced Cl-/HCO3- and H2O secretion as well as ENaC hyperactivity and increased Na+ and H2O absorption.	Bicarbonates	122-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-36
23856918-9	2013	Preoperative S100B correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.78, P &lt; 0.01), arterial lactate (r = 0.50, P &lt; 0.01), pH (r = -0.45, P &lt; 0.01), and bicarbonate (r = -0.40, P &lt; 0.01).	Bicarbonates	140-151	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	13-18
23842529-1	2013	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 is a membrane protein responsible for the rapid exchange of chloride for bicarbonate across the red blood cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
23842529-1	2013	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 is a membrane protein responsible for the rapid exchange of chloride for bicarbonate across the red blood cell membrane.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
23842529-5	2013	Measurement of the rapid and specific chloride/bicarbonate exchange by surface expressed AE1 showed that E758K mutant was fully active compared with wild-type (WT) AE1, whereas R730C and G796R mutants were inactive, reinforcing previously reported data on other experimental models.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	89-92
23842529-7	2013	In conclusion, stopped-flow led to measurement of rapid transport kinetics using the natural substrate for AE1 and, conjugated with flow cytometry, allowed a reliable correlation of chloride/bicarbonate exchange to surface expression of AE1, both in recombinant cells and ghosts and therefore a fine comparison of function between different stomatocytosis samples.	Bicarbonates	191-202	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	237-240
23842530-7	2013	AQP5-L51R has the anion permeability sequence I(-) &gt; NO3(-)   NO2(-) &gt; Br(-) &gt; Cl(-) &gt; HCO3(-) &gt; gluconate.	Bicarbonates	99-103	aquaporin 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
23818690-4	2013	CF intestines that inherently lack cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent HCO3- secretion also demonstrated apparently normal goblet cell exocytosis, but in contrast, this was not followed by similar mucin discharge.	Bicarbonates	104-108	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	35-86
23818690-4	2013	CF intestines that inherently lack cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent HCO3- secretion also demonstrated apparently normal goblet cell exocytosis, but in contrast, this was not followed by similar mucin discharge.	Bicarbonates	104-108	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	88-92
23818690-7	2013	These results indicate that normal mucus formation requires concurrent activation of a Ca2+-mediated exocytosis of mucin granules and an independent cAMP-mediated, CFTR-dependent, HCO3- secretion that appears to mainly enhance the extracellular phases of mucus excretion.	Bicarbonates	180-184	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	164-168
23878362-6	2013	ENaC is negatively regulated by CFTR and, in patients with CF, the absence of CFTR results in a double hit of reduced Cl-/HCO3- and H2O secretion as well as ENaC hyperactivity and increased Na+ and H2O absorption.	Bicarbonates	122-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
23698118-2	2013	Recently, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through activation of different Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways in the basolateral and apical membranes.	Bicarbonates	65-69	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	183-187
23846695-1	2013	The anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a member of bicarbonate transporter family SLC4, mediates an electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange in physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	41-52	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-21
23846695-1	2013	The anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a member of bicarbonate transporter family SLC4, mediates an electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange in physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	41-52	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	23-26
23637202-14	2013	Instead, pendrin changes ENaC abundance and function, at least in part, by altering luminal HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	9-16
23636456-9	2013	In patients, NBCe1-A-T485S is predicted to transport Na(+)-HCO3(-) in the reverse direction from blood into proximal tubule cells thereby impairing transepithelial HCO3(-) absorption, possibly representing a new pathogenic mechanism for generating human pRTA.	Bicarbonates	59-63	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	13-20
23698118-3	2013	Basolateral LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption through ERK-dependent inhibition of the apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3.	Bicarbonates	25-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	52-55
23637202-11	2013	Cl(-) absorption increases markedly with angiotensin and aldosterone administration, largely by upregulating the Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger pendrin.	Bicarbonates	137-141	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	155-162
23698118-0	2013	Lumen LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through TLR4-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-dependent inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	19-23	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	84-88
23698118-3	2013	Basolateral LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption through ERK-dependent inhibition of the apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3.	Bicarbonates	25-29	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	112-116
23698118-0	2013	Lumen LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through TLR4-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-dependent inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	19-23	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	94-97
23698118-6	2013	Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or its effectors Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) eliminated inhibition of HCO3(-) absorption by lumen LPS but had no effect on inhibition by bath LPS.	Bicarbonates	134-138	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	14-39
23698118-0	2013	Lumen LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through TLR4-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-dependent inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	19-23	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	98-102
23698118-6	2013	Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or its effectors Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) eliminated inhibition of HCO3(-) absorption by lumen LPS but had no effect on inhibition by bath LPS.	Bicarbonates	134-138	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
23698118-6	2013	Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or its effectors Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) eliminated inhibition of HCO3(-) absorption by lumen LPS but had no effect on inhibition by bath LPS.	Bicarbonates	134-138	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	72-101
23761626-8	2013	Aldosterone induced a rapid increase in the rate of Na(+)- and bicarbonate-independent pHi recovery following an NH4Cl-induced acid load in clear cells isolated from the caput but not the cauda.	Bicarbonates	63-74	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
23698118-6	2013	Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or its effectors Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) eliminated inhibition of HCO3(-) absorption by lumen LPS but had no effect on inhibition by bath LPS.	Bicarbonates	134-138	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	103-107
23698118-9	2013	Inhibition of HCO3(-) absorption by lumen LPS was eliminated under conditions that inhibit basolateral Na(+)/H(+) exchange and prevent inhibition of HCO3(-) absorption mediated through NHE1.	Bicarbonates	14-18	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	185-189
23698118-11	2013	We conclude that lumen LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the MTAL through TLR4/MyD88-dependent activation of a PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE1.	Bicarbonates	36-40	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	75-79
23698118-11	2013	We conclude that lumen LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the MTAL through TLR4/MyD88-dependent activation of a PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE1.	Bicarbonates	36-40	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	80-85
23784542-7	2013	CCh stimulation concomitantly internalized the Na(+/)H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) and recruited cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the apical membranes, a process that was important for CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion necessary for proper gel-forming mucin unfolding.	Bicarbonates	222-233	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	47-69
23784542-7	2013	CCh stimulation concomitantly internalized the Na(+/)H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) and recruited cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the apical membranes, a process that was important for CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion necessary for proper gel-forming mucin unfolding.	Bicarbonates	222-233	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	71-75
23784542-7	2013	CCh stimulation concomitantly internalized the Na(+/)H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) and recruited cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the apical membranes, a process that was important for CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion necessary for proper gel-forming mucin unfolding.	Bicarbonates	222-233	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-142
23784542-7	2013	CCh stimulation concomitantly internalized the Na(+/)H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) and recruited cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the apical membranes, a process that was important for CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion necessary for proper gel-forming mucin unfolding.	Bicarbonates	222-233	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	144-148
23784542-3	2013	Carbachol (CCh) stimulation of the small intestine results in gel-forming mucin secretion from goblet cells, something that requires adjacent enterocytes to secrete chloride and bicarbonate for proper mucin formation.	Bicarbonates	178-189	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	74-79
23784542-3	2013	Carbachol (CCh) stimulation of the small intestine results in gel-forming mucin secretion from goblet cells, something that requires adjacent enterocytes to secrete chloride and bicarbonate for proper mucin formation.	Bicarbonates	178-189	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	201-206
23698118-11	2013	We conclude that lumen LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the MTAL through TLR4/MyD88-dependent activation of a PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE1.	Bicarbonates	36-40	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	117-120
23698118-11	2013	We conclude that lumen LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption in the MTAL through TLR4/MyD88-dependent activation of a PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE1.	Bicarbonates	36-40	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	121-125
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Bicarbonates	43-54	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	77-80
23508938-0	2013	Proximal tubule specific knockout of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3: effects on bicarbonate absorption and ammonium excretion.	Bicarbonates	75-86	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	58-62
23508938-3	2013	The NHE3-PT KO mice have &gt;80 % ablation of NHE3 as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, western blot, and northern analyses, and show mild metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate of 21.2 mEq/l in KO vs. 23.7 mEq/l in WT, p &lt; 0.05).	Bicarbonates	176-187	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	4-8
23508938-6	2013	Our results suggest that the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3 plays an important role in fluid and bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule but does not play an important role in NH4 excretion.	Bicarbonates	92-103	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	50-54
23583773-1	2013	AE1 mediates electroneutral 1:1 exchange of bicarbonate for chloride across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes and type A cells of the renal collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	44-55	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group) L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-3
23746583-4	2013	Milk protein hydrolysates have the capability to reduce type I hypersensitivity by decreasing IgE levels, IL-4 in serum, and the release of histamine and bicarbonate in peritoneal mast cells, as well as enhancing transforming growth factor-beta levels in the serum of ovalbumin-sensitized mice.	Bicarbonates	154-165	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Bicarbonates	43-54	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	82-107
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Bicarbonates	43-54	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	109-116
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	77-80
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	82-107
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	109-116
23660504-9	2013	In conclusion, DRA contributes to SO42- secretion via DIDS-sensitive HCO3-/SO42- exchange, in addition to being the principal DIDS-resistant Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	15-18
23660504-9	2013	In conclusion, DRA contributes to SO42- secretion via DIDS-sensitive HCO3-/SO42- exchange, in addition to being the principal DIDS-resistant Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	145-149	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	15-18
23934124-6	2013	Collectively, these results demonstrate that OXGR1 is involved in the adaptive regulation of HCO(3)(-) secretion and NaCl reabsorption in the CNT/CCD under acid-base stress and establish alphaKG as a paracrine mediator involved in the functional coordination of the proximal and the distal parts of the renal tubule.	Bicarbonates	93-99	oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) receptor 1	Mus musculus	45-50
23874305-4	2013	In fact, it was found that in this region multiple cells express elements which are relevant for the secretion of bicarbonate, including carbonic anhydrase (CAII), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1).	Bicarbonates	114-125	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	157-161
23874305-4	2013	In fact, it was found that in this region multiple cells express elements which are relevant for the secretion of bicarbonate, including carbonic anhydrase (CAII), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1).	Bicarbonates	114-125	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	168-219
23874305-4	2013	In fact, it was found that in this region multiple cells express elements which are relevant for the secretion of bicarbonate, including carbonic anhydrase (CAII), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1).	Bicarbonates	114-125	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	221-225
23874305-4	2013	In fact, it was found that in this region multiple cells express elements which are relevant for the secretion of bicarbonate, including carbonic anhydrase (CAII), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1).	Bicarbonates	114-125	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	257-261
23698000-2	2013	Pyruvate carboxylase (PC), a multifunctional biotin-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the bicarbonate- and MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, an important anaplerotic reaction in mammalian tissues.	Bicarbonates	84-95	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	0-20
23698000-2	2013	Pyruvate carboxylase (PC), a multifunctional biotin-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the bicarbonate- and MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, an important anaplerotic reaction in mammalian tissues.	Bicarbonates	84-95	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	22-24
23832211-1	2013	NBCe1-A membrane-embedded macromolecules that cotransport sodium and bicarbonate ions across the bilayer serve to maintain acid-base homeostasis throughout the body.	Bicarbonates	69-80	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
23737516-12	2013	Insulin and fluid requirements in the first 24 hours were significantly higher in patients who received intravenous bicarbonate compared with those who did not (100 units vs 86 units; p = 0.04 and 7.6 L vs 7.2 L; p = 0.01, respectively).	Bicarbonates	116-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23745003-3	2013	Therefore we ask whether SLC4A11 in corneal endothelium transports borate (B[OH]4-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), or hydroxyl (OH-) anions coupled to Na+.	Bicarbonates	85-96	solute carrier family 4 member 11	Bos taurus	25-32
23609145-0	2013	Inhibition of the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1) by bicarbonate and other anions.	Bicarbonates	70-81	solute carrier family 46 member 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
23609145-0	2013	Inhibition of the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1) by bicarbonate and other anions.	Bicarbonates	70-81	solute carrier family 46 member 1	Homo sapiens	58-65
23609145-2	2013	Using a stable transfectant with high expression of PCFT, physiologic levels of bicarbonate produced potent and rapidly reversible inhibition of PCFT-mediated transport at neutral pH.	Bicarbonates	80-91	solute carrier family 46 member 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
23609145-2	2013	Using a stable transfectant with high expression of PCFT, physiologic levels of bicarbonate produced potent and rapidly reversible inhibition of PCFT-mediated transport at neutral pH.	Bicarbonates	80-91	solute carrier family 46 member 1	Homo sapiens	145-149
23609145-7	2013	These observations add another dimension to the unfavorable pH environment for PCFT function in systemic tissues: the presence of high concentrations of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	153-164	solute carrier family 46 member 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
23745003-3	2013	Therefore we ask whether SLC4A11 in corneal endothelium transports borate (B[OH]4-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), or hydroxyl (OH-) anions coupled to Na+.	Bicarbonates	98-102	solute carrier family 4 member 11	Bos taurus	25-32
23271450-1	2013	AE2/SLC4A2 is the most widely expressed of the Na(+)-independent SLC4 Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchangers and is essential for postnatal survival, but its structure remains unknown.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	0-3
23840420-1	2013	In nature, the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) efficiently catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate under physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	127-138	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
23271450-1	2013	AE2/SLC4A2 is the most widely expressed of the Na(+)-independent SLC4 Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchangers and is essential for postnatal survival, but its structure remains unknown.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	4-10
23515716-1	2013	The acute direct action of angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] on bicarbonate reabsorption (JHCO(3)(-)) was evaluated by stationary microperfusions on in vivo middle proximal tubules in rats using H ion-sensitive microelectrodes.	Bicarbonates	60-71	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	46-54
23557907-5	2013	Apelin has been involved in stimulating gastric cell proliferation, cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion, histamine release, gastric acid and bicarbonate secretion, and regulation of gastrointestinal motility.	Bicarbonates	137-148	apelin	Bos taurus	0-6
23345558-7	2013	The GLP-2 increases bicarbonate secretion via release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from myenteric nerves.	Bicarbonates	20-31	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
23690961-1	2013	Na-HCO3 cotransport (NBC) regulates intracellular pH (pHi) and HCO3 secretion in rat colon.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
23690961-10	2013	In addition to Na-H exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1), pHi acidification is regulated by a HCO3-dependent mechanism that is HOE694-insensitive in colonic crypt glands.	Bicarbonates	84-88	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
23453834-2	2013	We report a case of a 24-year-old man with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus who survived without any neurologic complications after prolonged ECLS (including fluid resuscitation and insulin but no aggressive bicarbonate) for cardiac arrest due to severe DKA.	Bicarbonates	218-229	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
23499805-0	2013	Cholecystokinin but not ghrelin stimulates mucosal bicarbonate secretion in rat duodenum: independence of feeding status and cholinergic stimuli.	Bicarbonates	51-62	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
23914517-4	2013	HCO3- was the major anion, with SO4(2-) concentration mostly below 150 microeq x L(-1) and even much lower NO3- concentration.	Bicarbonates	0-4	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	107-110
23345558-7	2013	The GLP-2 increases bicarbonate secretion via release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from myenteric nerves.	Bicarbonates	20-31	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	57-86
23345558-7	2013	The GLP-2 increases bicarbonate secretion via release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from myenteric nerves.	Bicarbonates	20-31	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	88-91
23626828-7	2013	The results showed that forskolin, an activator of CFTR, stimulated jejunal mucosal epithelial HCO3(-) and Cl(-) secretions in mice, but forskolin-stimulated HCO3(-) and Cl(-) secretions in donor and recipient jejunal mucosae of mice after heterotopic jejunal transplantation were markedly decreased, compared with controls (P&lt;0.001).	Bicarbonates	158-162	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	51-55
23740884-0	2013	Controversies surrounding the role of CFTR in airway bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	53-64	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
23626828-2	2013	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediates HCO3(-) and Cl(-) secretions in intestinal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	68-72	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-51
23626828-2	2013	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediates HCO3(-) and Cl(-) secretions in intestinal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	68-72	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	53-57
23401617-9	2013	The electroneutral Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCn1 displays a differential cellular distribution in the murine intestine and is essential for HCO3(-)-dependent mucosal protective functions, such as recovery of intracellular pH and HCO3(-) secretion in the duodenum and secretion of mucus in the colon.	Bicarbonates	25-29	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	47-52
23626828-7	2013	The results showed that forskolin, an activator of CFTR, stimulated jejunal mucosal epithelial HCO3(-) and Cl(-) secretions in mice, but forskolin-stimulated HCO3(-) and Cl(-) secretions in donor and recipient jejunal mucosae of mice after heterotopic jejunal transplantation were markedly decreased, compared with controls (P&lt;0.001).	Bicarbonates	95-99	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	51-55
23479312-4	2013	Furthermore, the CID of the adducts with HCO3(-) and NO3(-)(HNO3) led to other product ions such as [M + HO](-) and NO3(-), respectively.	Bicarbonates	41-45	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	61-64
23401617-9	2013	The electroneutral Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCn1 displays a differential cellular distribution in the murine intestine and is essential for HCO3(-)-dependent mucosal protective functions, such as recovery of intracellular pH and HCO3(-) secretion in the duodenum and secretion of mucus in the colon.	Bicarbonates	144-148	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	47-52
23324175-9	2013	Second, sepsis enhances the ability of LPS to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption, mediated through upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK signaling in the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	54-60	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	109-129
23567270-6	2013	Purified, recombinant PGIS showed a half-maximal nitration by 10 muM 3-morpholino sydnonimine (Sin-1) which increased in the presence of bicarbonate, and was only marginally induced by freely diffusing NO2-radicals generated by a peroxidase/nitrite/hydrogen peroxide system.	Bicarbonates	137-148	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
23324180-1	2013	In the basolateral membrane of proximal-tubule cells, NBCe1-A (SLC4A4, variant A), operating with an apparent Na(+):HCO(3)(-) stoichiometry of 1:3, contributes to the reclamation of HCO(3)(-) from the glomerular filtrate, thereby preventing whole body acidosis.	Bicarbonates	116-122	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	54-61
23324180-1	2013	In the basolateral membrane of proximal-tubule cells, NBCe1-A (SLC4A4, variant A), operating with an apparent Na(+):HCO(3)(-) stoichiometry of 1:3, contributes to the reclamation of HCO(3)(-) from the glomerular filtrate, thereby preventing whole body acidosis.	Bicarbonates	116-122	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
23324175-9	2013	Second, sepsis enhances the ability of LPS to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption, mediated through upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK signaling in the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	54-60	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	131-135
23324180-3	2013	These data were taken as evidence for the presence of distinct Na(+) and CO(3)(2-) binding sites in NBCe1-A, favoring a model of 1 Na(+):1 HCO(3)(-):1 CO(3)(2-).	Bicarbonates	139-145	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	100-107
23324175-9	2013	Second, sepsis enhances the ability of LPS to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption, mediated through upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK signaling in the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	54-60	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	137-140
23215877-0	2013	Protein phosphatase 1 coordinates CFTR-dependent airway epithelial HCO3- secretion by reciprocal regulation of apical and basolateral membrane Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers.	Bicarbonates	67-71	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Homo sapiens	0-21
23215877-0	2013	Protein phosphatase 1 coordinates CFTR-dependent airway epithelial HCO3- secretion by reciprocal regulation of apical and basolateral membrane Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers.	Bicarbonates	67-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
23215877-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results identify PP1 as a novel regulator of AE activity which, in concert with CFTR, coordinates events at both apical and basolateral membranes, crucial for efficient HCO3(-) secretion from Calu-3 cells.	Bicarbonates	205-209	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Homo sapiens	53-56
23215877-0	2013	Protein phosphatase 1 coordinates CFTR-dependent airway epithelial HCO3- secretion by reciprocal regulation of apical and basolateral membrane Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers.	Bicarbonates	149-153	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Homo sapiens	0-21
23215877-0	2013	Protein phosphatase 1 coordinates CFTR-dependent airway epithelial HCO3- secretion by reciprocal regulation of apical and basolateral membrane Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers.	Bicarbonates	149-153	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
23506864-4	2013	Functionally, eight of these proteins fall into two major groups: three Cl-HCO3 exchangers (AE1-3) and five Na(+)-coupled HCO3(-) transporters (NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NBCn2, NDCBE).	Bicarbonates	75-79	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	92-95
23502355-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation during TNF-alpha overexpression leads to increased epithelial permeability in murine proximal colon, decreased tight junctional cation selectivity, and increased HCO(3)(-) loss into the lumen.	Bicarbonates	188-194	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	33-42
23359049-8	2013	The DSS benefit with BCT compared with mastectomy was greater among women age &gt;= 50 with HR-positive disease (hazard ratio = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82-0.91) than among women age &lt; 50 with HR-negative disease (hazard ratio = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98); however, this trend was seen among all subgroups analyzed.	Bicarbonates	21-24	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	92-94
23274434-1	2013	UNLABELLED: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD, OMIM#214700) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	209-220	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	122-155
23274434-1	2013	UNLABELLED: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD, OMIM#214700) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	209-220	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	157-164
23177217-8	2013	In conclusion, the CPSRT-NC-bicarbonate in association with normal-derived keratinocytes demonstrated an ability to reduce TGF-beta1, SMAD2 and SMAD4 expressions in keloid-derived fibroblast cultures, which may be useful in keloid intervention.	Bicarbonates	28-39	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	123-132
23177217-8	2013	In conclusion, the CPSRT-NC-bicarbonate in association with normal-derived keratinocytes demonstrated an ability to reduce TGF-beta1, SMAD2 and SMAD4 expressions in keloid-derived fibroblast cultures, which may be useful in keloid intervention.	Bicarbonates	28-39	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	134-139
23177217-8	2013	In conclusion, the CPSRT-NC-bicarbonate in association with normal-derived keratinocytes demonstrated an ability to reduce TGF-beta1, SMAD2 and SMAD4 expressions in keloid-derived fibroblast cultures, which may be useful in keloid intervention.	Bicarbonates	28-39	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	144-149
22907202-2	2013	To determine whether NBCn1, by transporting HCO(3)(-) into cells, may dispose of acid produced during high metabolic activity, we studied the expression of NBCn1 and the functional impact of Na(+),HCO(3)(-)-cotransport in human breast cancer.	Bicarbonates	44-50	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	21-26
23555156-5	2013	The pathogenesis related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 includes reduced mucosal flow, reduced mucus and bicarbonate secretion, and impaired platelet aggregation.	Bicarbonates	114-125	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	42-64
22727373-3	2013	Carbonic anhydrases (CA) enhance the hydration of CO2 to generate bicarbonate, which is subsequently used in cellular metabolism.	Bicarbonates	66-77	complement C2	Homo sapiens	50-53
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	10-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	200-251
23362273-1	2013	In the kidney proximal tubule, NBCe1-A plays a critical role in absorbing HCO3(-) from cell to blood.	Bicarbonates	74-78	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-38
23297309-10	2013	By contrast, dye transfer between endothelial cells and endothelium-derived hyperpolarisations of vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated by acetylcholine or the proteinase-activated receptor 2 agonist SLIGRL-amide were inhibited in the absence of CO2/HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	252-256	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	162-193
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	10-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	253-257
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	94-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	200-251
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	94-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	253-257
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	94-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	200-251
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	94-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	253-257
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	94-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	200-251
23431199-1	2013	Fluid and HCO3(-) secretion is a vital function of secretory epithelia, involving basolateral HCO3(-) entry through the Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) NBCe1-B, and luminal HCO3(-) exit mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	94-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	253-257
23431199-2	2013	HCO3(-) secretion is highly regulated, with the WNK/SPAK kinase pathway setting the resting state and the IRBIT/PP1 pathway setting the stimulated state.	Bicarbonates	0-4	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	52-56
23431199-2	2013	HCO3(-) secretion is highly regulated, with the WNK/SPAK kinase pathway setting the resting state and the IRBIT/PP1 pathway setting the stimulated state.	Bicarbonates	0-4	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
23431199-2	2013	HCO3(-) secretion is highly regulated, with the WNK/SPAK kinase pathway setting the resting state and the IRBIT/PP1 pathway setting the stimulated state.	Bicarbonates	0-4	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
22994306-5	2013	Enteric neuronal blockade by tetrodotoxin or exposure to a selective vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, VPAC(1)) receptor antagonist suppressed ATP-evoked HCO(3)(-) secretion by 61 and 41%, respectively, and Cl- by 97 and 70% respectively.	Bicarbonates	156-162	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	69-98
23457166-2	2013	These mutations can impact the synthesis and transfer of the CFTR protein to the apical membrane of epithelial cells, as well as influencing the gating or conductance of chloride and bicarbonate ions through the channel.	Bicarbonates	183-194	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
23303189-4	2013	Co-injection of STCH and NBCe1-B cRNA into Xenopus oocytes significantly increased surface expression of NBCe1-B and enhanced bicarbonate conductance compared with NBCe1-B cRNA alone.	Bicarbonates	126-137	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 13	Homo sapiens	16-20
23303189-4	2013	Co-injection of STCH and NBCe1-B cRNA into Xenopus oocytes significantly increased surface expression of NBCe1-B and enhanced bicarbonate conductance compared with NBCe1-B cRNA alone.	Bicarbonates	126-137	solute carrier family 4 member 4 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	25-30
23341620-0	2013	SLC4A2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity is essential for calpain-dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in osteoclasts.	Bicarbonates	20-24	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	0-6
23344966-2	2013	Conventional assumption is that MCT1 mediates SCFA/HCO3 (-) exchange in the intestine.	Bicarbonates	51-55	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
23281477-5	2013	However, chronic acid loading revealed that Rhcg(+/-) mice did not fully recover, showing lower blood HCO(3)(-) concentration and more alkaline urine.	Bicarbonates	102-108	Rhesus blood group-associated C glycoprotein	Mus musculus	44-48
23311730-4	2013	Potential-dependent ATR-SEIRAS and IRAS measurements indicate that CH(3)OH is electrooxidized to formate and/or (bi)carbonate, the relative concentrations of which depend on the potential applied.	Bicarbonates	112-125	nischarin	Homo sapiens	26-30
23220221-8	2013	The propensity for gastric ulcer, reduced mucosal surface pH, and low DRA expression suggest that NHE8 is indirectly involved in gastric bicarbonate secretion and gastric mucosal protection.	Bicarbonates	137-148	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	98-102
22994306-5	2013	Enteric neuronal blockade by tetrodotoxin or exposure to a selective vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, VPAC(1)) receptor antagonist suppressed ATP-evoked HCO(3)(-) secretion by 61 and 41%, respectively, and Cl- by 97 and 70% respectively.	Bicarbonates	156-162	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	100-103
23486568-0	2013	Effect of proton pump inhibitors on the secretion of bicarbonates and pepsinogen induced by chemical stimulation of the gastric mucosa.	Bicarbonates	53-65	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	10-21
23486568-7	2013	Our results indicate that proton pump blockade has a modulatory effect on gastric secretion of bicarbonates and pepsinogen induced by chemical stimulation of the gastric mucosa.	Bicarbonates	95-107	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
23115269-4	2013	Incubation of bicarbonate treated sperm with oxysterol-binding proteins (ORP-1 or ORP-2) caused a reduction of &gt;70% of the formed oxysterols in the sperm pellet but no free sterol depletion.	Bicarbonates	14-25	oxysterol binding protein like 1A	Homo sapiens	73-78
23200507-8	2013	The preferred bottled and tap water samples were associated with moderate (relatively to the parameters mean values) contents of total dissolved solids and with relatively high concentrations of HCO3-, SO42-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as well as with relatively high pH values.	Bicarbonates	195-199	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
23115269-4	2013	Incubation of bicarbonate treated sperm with oxysterol-binding proteins (ORP-1 or ORP-2) caused a reduction of &gt;70% of the formed oxysterols in the sperm pellet but no free sterol depletion.	Bicarbonates	14-25	oxysterol binding protein like 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
23840204-11	2013	There was a greater rise in NGAL and IL-18 after 3 h in the bicarbonates versus NaCl 0.9% group: 1115% versus 240% increase (P = 0.03) and 338% increase versus 1.4% decrease (P = 0.01).	Bicarbonates	60-72	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
23248295-0	2013	Dynamic modulation of ANO1/TMEM16A HCO3(-) permeability by Ca2+/calmodulin.	Bicarbonates	35-39	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
23248295-0	2013	Dynamic modulation of ANO1/TMEM16A HCO3(-) permeability by Ca2+/calmodulin.	Bicarbonates	35-39	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	27-34
23248295-0	2013	Dynamic modulation of ANO1/TMEM16A HCO3(-) permeability by Ca2+/calmodulin.	Bicarbonates	35-39	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	64-74
23248295-1	2013	Anoctamin 1 (ANO1)/transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) is a calcium-activated anion channel that may play a role in HCO(3)(-) secretion in epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	116-122	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
23248295-1	2013	Anoctamin 1 (ANO1)/transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) is a calcium-activated anion channel that may play a role in HCO(3)(-) secretion in epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	116-122	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
23248295-1	2013	Anoctamin 1 (ANO1)/transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) is a calcium-activated anion channel that may play a role in HCO(3)(-) secretion in epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	116-122	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	46-53
23248295-3	2013	Whole-cell current measurements in HEK 293T cells indicated that ANO1 becomes highly permeable to HCO(3)(-) at high [Ca(2+)](i).	Bicarbonates	98-104	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
23286247-1	2013	Biotin carboxylase (BC) is a conserved component among biotin-dependent carboxylases and catalyzes the MgATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin, using bicarbonate as the CO2 donor.	Bicarbonates	150-161	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	0-18
23286247-1	2013	Biotin carboxylase (BC) is a conserved component among biotin-dependent carboxylases and catalyzes the MgATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin, using bicarbonate as the CO2 donor.	Bicarbonates	150-161	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	20-22
23248295-6	2013	Calmodulin physically interacted with ANO1 in a [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent manner, and addition of recombinant calmodulin to the cytosolic side of excised patches reversibly increased P(HCO3)/P(Cl).	Bicarbonates	181-185	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
23248295-6	2013	Calmodulin physically interacted with ANO1 in a [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent manner, and addition of recombinant calmodulin to the cytosolic side of excised patches reversibly increased P(HCO3)/P(Cl).	Bicarbonates	181-185	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
23248295-6	2013	Calmodulin physically interacted with ANO1 in a [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent manner, and addition of recombinant calmodulin to the cytosolic side of excised patches reversibly increased P(HCO3)/P(Cl).	Bicarbonates	181-185	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	106-116
23248295-7	2013	In addition, the high [Ca(2+)](i)-induced increase in HCO(3)(-) permeability was reproduced in mouse submandibular gland acinar cells, in which ANO1 plays a critical role in fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	54-60	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	144-148
23248295-8	2013	These results indicate that the HCO(3)(-) permeability of ANO1 can be dynamically modulated and that ANO1 may play an important role in cellular HCO(3)(-) transport, especially in transepithelial HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	32-38	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
23248295-8	2013	These results indicate that the HCO(3)(-) permeability of ANO1 can be dynamically modulated and that ANO1 may play an important role in cellular HCO(3)(-) transport, especially in transepithelial HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	145-151	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
23248295-8	2013	These results indicate that the HCO(3)(-) permeability of ANO1 can be dynamically modulated and that ANO1 may play an important role in cellular HCO(3)(-) transport, especially in transepithelial HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	145-151	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
23840204-11	2013	There was a greater rise in NGAL and IL-18 after 3 h in the bicarbonates versus NaCl 0.9% group: 1115% versus 240% increase (P = 0.03) and 338% increase versus 1.4% decrease (P = 0.01).	Bicarbonates	60-72	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	37-42
21859746-11	2013	SLC4A5 encodes a protein that transports sodium and bicarbonate across cell membranes while regulating cellular pH and contains several SNPs linked to elevated BP.	Bicarbonates	52-63	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-6
23463880-10	2013	Higher IL-10 was associated with increased IL-6 secretion, higher bicarbonate, younger age and lower PTH.	Bicarbonates	66-77	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	7-12
23200251-1	2013	Mutation of amino acid residues 94, 96 and 119 to histidine(s) in the human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) related proteins CARP VIII, X and XI restored the zinc binding and catalytic activity for the hydration of CO(2) to bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	228-239	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	134-138
24429828-6	2013	Pendrin is essential for CCD bicarbonate secretion and is also involved in NaCl balance and blood pressure regulation.	Bicarbonates	29-40	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
23610561-12	2013	A greater postoperative increase in urinary NGAL in patients receiving bicarbonate infusion was observed compared to control patients (p = 0.011).	Bicarbonates	71-82	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
23121767-1	2013	The essential anion exchanger (AE) involved in bicarbonate secretion is AE2/SLC4A2, a membrane protein recognized to be relevant for the regulation of the intracellular pH in several cell types.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-75
23121767-1	2013	The essential anion exchanger (AE) involved in bicarbonate secretion is AE2/SLC4A2, a membrane protein recognized to be relevant for the regulation of the intracellular pH in several cell types.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	76-82
23498736-6	2013	This soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a sensor for bicarbonate, pH, and Ca(2+) and is likely involved in coupling energy homeostasis with signaling events.	Bicarbonates	52-63	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	5-29
23498736-6	2013	This soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a sensor for bicarbonate, pH, and Ca(2+) and is likely involved in coupling energy homeostasis with signaling events.	Bicarbonates	52-63	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	31-34
22913344-10	2013	S1P (5x10(-7)  M) also induced significant tonic contractions in the lymph vessels that had been superfused with high K(+)  Krebs-bicarbonate solution or Ca(2+) -free high K(+)  Krebs solution containing 1 mM EGTA.	Bicarbonates	130-141	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	0-3
23134410-7	2013	Serum BChE activity was correlated with the serum HCO3 level (r = 0.375, p &lt; 0.05) and plasma glucose level (r = -0.387, p &lt; 0.05).	Bicarbonates	50-54	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	6-10
23931280-3	2013	The membrane HCO3- transporters are divided in two main families: solute carrier 4 (SLC4) and solute carrier 26 (SLC26), although HCO3- concentration can also be regulated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	13-17	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	179-218
23931280-3	2013	The membrane HCO3- transporters are divided in two main families: solute carrier 4 (SLC4) and solute carrier 26 (SLC26), although HCO3- concentration can also be regulated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	13-17	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	220-224
23640117-9	2013	Autosomal recessive dRTA is associated with mutations in genes ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;SLC4A1, which encode subunits a4 and B1 of V-ATPase and the AE1 bicarbonate/chloride exchanger respectively.	Bicarbonates	168-179	ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit B1	Homo sapiens	63-71
23640117-9	2013	Autosomal recessive dRTA is associated with mutations in genes ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;SLC4A1, which encode subunits a4 and B1 of V-ATPase and the AE1 bicarbonate/chloride exchanger respectively.	Bicarbonates	168-179	ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a4	Homo sapiens	73-81
23640117-9	2013	Autosomal recessive dRTA is associated with mutations in genes ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;SLC4A1, which encode subunits a4 and B1 of V-ATPase and the AE1 bicarbonate/chloride exchanger respectively.	Bicarbonates	168-179	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-110
23405179-1	2013	The sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) mediates absorption of sodium, bicarbonate and water from renal and intestinal lumina.	Bicarbonates	78-89	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	41-45
23409100-6	2013	Electrophysiology measurements showed that both NBCn2 variants with alternative Nt contain typical electroneutral Na(+)-coupled HCO(3) (-) transport activity in Xenopus oocytes.	Bicarbonates	128-134	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter, member 10 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	48-53
23054255-7	2012	NHE8(-/-) mice had serum bicarbonate levels and pH that were not different from controls.	Bicarbonates	25-36	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	0-4
23342144-0	2013	Bicarbonate-dependent secretion and proteolytic processing of recombinant myocilin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	myocilin	Homo sapiens	74-82
23342144-7	2013	Extracellular bicarbonate depletion associated with culture medium acidification produced a reversible intracellular accumulation of full-length recombinant myocilin and incremented its intracellular proteolytic processing, raising the extracellular C-terminal fragment percentage.	Bicarbonates	14-25	myocilin	Homo sapiens	157-165
23342144-9	2013	These data suggest that aqueous humor bicarbonate variations could also modulate the secretion and cleavage of myocilin present in ocular tissues.	Bicarbonates	38-49	myocilin	Homo sapiens	111-119
23459251-6	2013	Coral homogenates exhibited some of the highest cAMP production rates ever to be recorded in any organism; this activity was inhibited by calcium ions and stimulated by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	169-180	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	48-52
23787315-2	2013	It was efficient at a wide pH range of 5-9, and temperature range of 10-40  C. The concentrations of NH4+-N, Mg2+ and HCO3- in the wastewater should be kept over 7.8, 0.24 and 30 mg L-1 for efficient nitrate (NO3--N) reduction, respectively.	Bicarbonates	118-122	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	182-185
23171468-2	2012	In the presence of the iron(II)-fluoro-tris(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)phosphino]tetrafluoroborate complex 3, the hydrogenation of bicarbonates proceeds in good yields with high catalyst productivity and activity (TON &gt; 7500, TOF &gt; 750).	Bicarbonates	132-144	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	230-233
22952281-1	2012	Underlying glomerulotubular balance (GTB) is the impact of axial flow to regulate Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) transport by modulating Na(+)-H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) and H-ATPase activity.	Bicarbonates	92-98	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	150-154
22952281-9	2012	Inhibition of the AT(2) receptor by PD123319 increased both J(Na) and J(HCO3) but did not affect flow-mediated fractional changes.	Bicarbonates	72-76	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	18-32
23062112-2	2012	Cefazolin (CFZ) and cephapirin (CFP) underwent mainly direct photolysis (t(1/2) = 0.7, 3.9 h), while cephalexin (CFX) and cephradine (CFD) were mainly transformed by indirect photolysis, which during the process a bicarbonate-enhanced nitrate system contributed most to the loss rate of CFX, CFD, and cefotaxime (CTX) (t(1/2) = 4.5, 5.3, and 1.3 h, respectively).	Bicarbonates	214-225	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	32-35
23210439-3	2012	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) provides substrates for these transporters (protons and bicarbonate, respectively).	Bicarbonates	85-96	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	0-21
23210439-3	2012	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) provides substrates for these transporters (protons and bicarbonate, respectively).	Bicarbonates	85-96	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	23-27
22552906-0	2012	Lymphocyte CFTR promotes epithelial bicarbonate secretion for bacterial killing.	Bicarbonates	36-47	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	11-15
22552906-3	2012	The lymphocyte-enhanced epithelial HCO(3)- secretion and bacterial killing activity was abolished when Calu3 cells were co-cultured with lymphocytes from CFTR knockout mice, or significantly reduced by interfering with E-cadherin, a putative binding partner of CFTR.	Bicarbonates	35-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	154-158
22552906-3	2012	The lymphocyte-enhanced epithelial HCO(3)- secretion and bacterial killing activity was abolished when Calu3 cells were co-cultured with lymphocytes from CFTR knockout mice, or significantly reduced by interfering with E-cadherin, a putative binding partner of CFTR.	Bicarbonates	35-41	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	219-229
22552906-3	2012	The lymphocyte-enhanced epithelial HCO(3)- secretion and bacterial killing activity was abolished when Calu3 cells were co-cultured with lymphocytes from CFTR knockout mice, or significantly reduced by interfering with E-cadherin, a putative binding partner of CFTR.	Bicarbonates	35-41	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	261-265
22552906-5	2012	These results suggest that the interaction between lymphocytes and epithelial cells may induce a previously unsuspected innate host defense mechanism against bacterial infection by stimulating epithelial HCO(3)- production/secretion, which requires CFTR expression in lymphocytes.	Bicarbonates	204-210	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	249-253
23040562-5	2012	The same increase in efficiency as observed in tap water was instead obtained when phenol was treated in solutions containing bicarbonate anions in the same concentration as present in tap water, an effect attributed to buffering of the solution pH.	Bicarbonates	126-137	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
22952280-1	2012	We previously demonstrated that uroguanylin (UGN) significantly inhibits Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE)3-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	110-121	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Rattus norvegicus	32-43
22952280-1	2012	We previously demonstrated that uroguanylin (UGN) significantly inhibits Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE)3-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	110-121	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	73-100
22952280-1	2012	We previously demonstrated that uroguanylin (UGN) significantly inhibits Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE)3-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	110-121	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
22802588-1	2012	This study investigated whether expression of the common cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutant F508del in the apical membrane of enterocytes confers increased bicarbonate secretory capacity on the intestinal epithelium of F508del mutant mice compared to that of CFTR knockout (KO) mice.	Bicarbonates	187-198	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	110-114
22952280-4	2012	UGN (1 muM) significantly inhibited the net of proximal bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	56-67	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
23125206-3	2012	This packing allows an ordered release and a normal mucin expansion when calcium is removed and pH increased by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	112-123	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	52-57
23125206-4	2012	This process is defective in the absence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	113-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-95
23125206-4	2012	This process is defective in the absence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	113-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-101
23003200-2	2012	CO(3)( -), generated in vitro by the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system, readily promoted TMP, which was dependent on alpha-tocopherol and bicarbonate concentrations, and was inhibited by the CO(3)( -) scavenger ethanol; moreover, TMP induced in vitro by the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system occurred in the presence of alpha-tocopherol that typically underwent slow oxidative consumption.	Bicarbonates	137-148	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
23003200-2	2012	CO(3)( -), generated in vitro by the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system, readily promoted TMP, which was dependent on alpha-tocopherol and bicarbonate concentrations, and was inhibited by the CO(3)( -) scavenger ethanol; moreover, TMP induced in vitro by the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system occurred in the presence of alpha-tocopherol that typically underwent slow oxidative consumption.	Bicarbonates	137-148	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
22777674-10	2012	Imposing a transepithelial HCO(3)(-) gradient across basolaterally permeabilized Calu-3 cells sustained a forskolin-stimulated current, which was sensitive to CFTR inhibitors and drastically reduced in CFTR-deficient cells.	Bicarbonates	27-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	159-163
22777674-10	2012	Imposing a transepithelial HCO(3)(-) gradient across basolaterally permeabilized Calu-3 cells sustained a forskolin-stimulated current, which was sensitive to CFTR inhibitors and drastically reduced in CFTR-deficient cells.	Bicarbonates	27-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	202-206
22802585-1	2012	Anion exchanger type 2 (AE2 or SLC4A2) is an electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger expressed at the basolateral membrane of many epithelia.	Bicarbonates	66-71	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
22802585-1	2012	Anion exchanger type 2 (AE2 or SLC4A2) is an electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger expressed at the basolateral membrane of many epithelia.	Bicarbonates	66-71	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	31-37
22802588-0	2012	Rescue of epithelial HCO3- secretion in murine intestine by apical membrane expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutant F508del.	Bicarbonates	21-25	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	94-145
22802588-1	2012	This study investigated whether expression of the common cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutant F508del in the apical membrane of enterocytes confers increased bicarbonate secretory capacity on the intestinal epithelium of F508del mutant mice compared to that of CFTR knockout (KO) mice.	Bicarbonates	187-198	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	57-108
22890707-0	2012	Mammalian prestin is a weak Cl-/HCO3- electrogenic antiporter.	Bicarbonates	32-36	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	10-17
22890707-4	2012	In the presence of extracellular HCO(3)(-), pH(i) recovered from an acid load 4 times faster in prestin-transfected cells.	Bicarbonates	33-39	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	96-103
22890707-9	2012	The results show the importance of considering the effects of the endogenous bicarbonate buffering system in evaluating the function of prestin in cochlear outer hair cells.	Bicarbonates	77-88	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	136-143
23003200-2	2012	CO(3)( -), generated in vitro by the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system, readily promoted TMP, which was dependent on alpha-tocopherol and bicarbonate concentrations, and was inhibited by the CO(3)( -) scavenger ethanol; moreover, TMP induced in vitro by the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system occurred in the presence of alpha-tocopherol that typically underwent slow oxidative consumption.	Bicarbonates	51-62	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
22709980-7	2012	Evidence also reveals a critical role of CFTR in sperm capacitation by directly or indirectly mediating HCO(3)(-) entry that is essential for capacitation.	Bicarbonates	104-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
23189102-11	2012	COPD: hypercapneic respiratory failure with raised bicarbonate, panlobular emphysema with multiple bullas, or bronchial biopsy showing squamous metaplasia and epithelial/subepithelial inflammation without thickening of the basement membrane.	Bicarbonates	51-62	COPD	Homo sapiens	0-4
23090441-1	2012	The highly conserved human and mouse SLC39A14 and SLC39A8 genes encode the ZIP14 and ZIP8 transporters, respectively-functioning as divalent cation/bicarbonate symporters and expressed in dozens of tissues.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	37-45
23090441-1	2012	The highly conserved human and mouse SLC39A14 and SLC39A8 genes encode the ZIP14 and ZIP8 transporters, respectively-functioning as divalent cation/bicarbonate symporters and expressed in dozens of tissues.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	50-57
23090441-1	2012	The highly conserved human and mouse SLC39A14 and SLC39A8 genes encode the ZIP14 and ZIP8 transporters, respectively-functioning as divalent cation/bicarbonate symporters and expressed in dozens of tissues.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	75-80
23090441-1	2012	The highly conserved human and mouse SLC39A14 and SLC39A8 genes encode the ZIP14 and ZIP8 transporters, respectively-functioning as divalent cation/bicarbonate symporters and expressed in dozens of tissues.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	85-89
22895259-7	2012	In conclusion, we have demonstrated that deletion of Slc26a6 alters the apparent stoichiometry of apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in native pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	111-120	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	53-60
22859405-6	2012	In pre-existing human metabolic acidosis, endothelin-1 activity worsens acidosis by decreasing the set-point for renal regulation of plasma bicarbonate concentration, but only when dietary NaCl provision is restricted.	Bicarbonates	140-151	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	42-54
22936272-8	2012	Both cAMP and carbachol recruited NKCC1 to the basolateral membrane of enterocytes, while luminal acid or HCO(3)(-) retained NKCC1 in intracellular vesicles.	Bicarbonates	106-113	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
23030313-1	2012	Carbonic anhydrase (CA, general abbreviation for human carbonic anhydrase II) is a well-studied, zinc-dependent metalloenzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of carbon dioxide to the bicarbonate ion.	Bicarbonates	177-188	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	55-76
22821947-0	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition potentiates amino acid- and bile acid-induced bicarbonate secretion in rat duodenum.	Bicarbonates	81-92	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
22821947-2	2012	Luminal L-glutamate (L-Glu) and 5"-inosine monophosphate (IMP) synergistically increases duodenal HCO3- secretion via GLP-2 release.	Bicarbonates	98-102	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
22821947-3	2012	Since L cells express the bile acid receptor TGR5 and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV rapidly degrades GLPs, we hypothesized that luminal amino acids or bile acids stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion via GLP-2 release, which is enhanced by DPPIV inhibition.	Bicarbonates	181-185	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	201-206
22821947-3	2012	Since L cells express the bile acid receptor TGR5 and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV rapidly degrades GLPs, we hypothesized that luminal amino acids or bile acids stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion via GLP-2 release, which is enhanced by DPPIV inhibition.	Bicarbonates	181-185	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	237-242
22821947-9	2012	BTA or CCDC had little effect on HCO3- secretion, whereas NVP728 iv markedly enhanced BTA- or CCDC-induced HCO3- secretion, the effects inhibited by a GLP-2 receptor antagonist.	Bicarbonates	107-111	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	151-165
22821947-10	2012	Coperfusion of the TGR5 agonist enhanced L-Glu/IMP-induced HCO3- secretion with the enhanced GLP-2 release, suggesting that TGR5 activation amplifies nutrient sensing signals.	Bicarbonates	59-63	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
22821947-10	2012	Coperfusion of the TGR5 agonist enhanced L-Glu/IMP-induced HCO3- secretion with the enhanced GLP-2 release, suggesting that TGR5 activation amplifies nutrient sensing signals.	Bicarbonates	59-63	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
22821947-11	2012	DPPIV inhibition potentiated luminal L-Glu/IMP-induced and TGR5 agonist-induced HCO3- secretion via a GLP-2 pathway, suggesting that the modulation of the local concentration of the endogenous secretagogue GLP-2 by luminal compounds and DPPIV inhibition helps regulate protective duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	80-84	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
22821947-11	2012	DPPIV inhibition potentiated luminal L-Glu/IMP-induced and TGR5 agonist-induced HCO3- secretion via a GLP-2 pathway, suggesting that the modulation of the local concentration of the endogenous secretagogue GLP-2 by luminal compounds and DPPIV inhibition helps regulate protective duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	80-84	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
22821947-11	2012	DPPIV inhibition potentiated luminal L-Glu/IMP-induced and TGR5 agonist-induced HCO3- secretion via a GLP-2 pathway, suggesting that the modulation of the local concentration of the endogenous secretagogue GLP-2 by luminal compounds and DPPIV inhibition helps regulate protective duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	289-293	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
23028131-1	2012	Many cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelia secrete bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-))-containing fluids.	Bicarbonates	93-104	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	5-56
22664907-0	2012	CFTR mediates bicarbonate-dependent activation of miR-125b in preimplantation embryo development.	Bicarbonates	14-25	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
22664907-2	2012	Here we report that HCO(3)(-) acts as an environmental cue in regulating miR-125b expression through CFTR-mediated influx during preimplantation embryo development.	Bicarbonates	20-26	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	101-105
22664907-3	2012	The results show that the effect of HCO(3)(-) on preimplantation embryo development can be suppressed by interfering the function of a HCO(3)(-)-conducting channel, CFTR, by a specific inhibitor or gene knockout.	Bicarbonates	36-42	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	165-169
22664907-3	2012	The results show that the effect of HCO(3)(-) on preimplantation embryo development can be suppressed by interfering the function of a HCO(3)(-)-conducting channel, CFTR, by a specific inhibitor or gene knockout.	Bicarbonates	135-141	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	165-169
23028131-1	2012	Many cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelia secrete bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-))-containing fluids.	Bicarbonates	93-104	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
23028131-1	2012	Many cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelia secrete bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-))-containing fluids.	Bicarbonates	106-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	5-56
23028131-1	2012	Many cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelia secrete bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-))-containing fluids.	Bicarbonates	106-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
23028131-3	2012	Pancreatic juice is one of the representative fluids that contain a very high concentration of bicarbonate among bodily fluids that are secreted from CFTR-expressing epithelia.	Bicarbonates	95-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	150-154
23028131-6	2012	As a central regulator of bicarbonate transport at the apical membrane, CFTR plays an essential role in both direct and indirect bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	26-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
23028131-6	2012	As a central regulator of bicarbonate transport at the apical membrane, CFTR plays an essential role in both direct and indirect bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	129-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
23028131-7	2012	The major role of CFTR in bicarbonate secretion would be variable depending on the tissue and cell type.	Bicarbonates	26-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	18-22
23028131-8	2012	For example, in epithelial cells that produce a low concentration of bicarbonate-containing fluid (up to 80 mm), either CFTR-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange or CFTR anion channel with low bicarbonate permeability would be sufficient to generate such fluid.	Bicarbonates	69-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	120-124
23028131-8	2012	For example, in epithelial cells that produce a low concentration of bicarbonate-containing fluid (up to 80 mm), either CFTR-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange or CFTR anion channel with low bicarbonate permeability would be sufficient to generate such fluid.	Bicarbonates	69-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-167
23028131-8	2012	For example, in epithelial cells that produce a low concentration of bicarbonate-containing fluid (up to 80 mm), either CFTR-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange or CFTR anion channel with low bicarbonate permeability would be sufficient to generate such fluid.	Bicarbonates	141-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	120-124
23028131-8	2012	For example, in epithelial cells that produce a low concentration of bicarbonate-containing fluid (up to 80 mm), either CFTR-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange or CFTR anion channel with low bicarbonate permeability would be sufficient to generate such fluid.	Bicarbonates	191-202	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	120-124
23028131-8	2012	For example, in epithelial cells that produce a low concentration of bicarbonate-containing fluid (up to 80 mm), either CFTR-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange or CFTR anion channel with low bicarbonate permeability would be sufficient to generate such fluid.	Bicarbonates	191-202	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-167
23028131-9	2012	However, in cells that secrete high-bicarbonate-containing fluids, a highly selective CFTR bicarbonate channel activity is required.	Bicarbonates	36-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
23028131-10	2012	Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of transepithelial bicarbonate transport and the role of CFTR in each specific epithelium will provide therapeutic strategies to recover from epithelial defects induced by hyposecretion of bicarbonate in cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	238-249	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-110
22943410-9	2012	K+ uptake resulted from the Na+/K+ ATPase, and its output from the K+ channels (KCNJ2, 15, 16 and KCNMA1).We propose that the HCO3- is mainly produced from CO2 by the carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and that HCO3- is secreted through the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	126-130	Potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Gallus gallus	80-85
22316307-1	2012	NBCe1-A is an integral membrane protein that cotransports Na+ and HCO3 - ions across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	66-70	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
22316307-11	2012	A model is proposed, where the Nt responds to pH or bicarbonate fluctuations inside the cell and plays a role in self-association of entire NBCe1-A molecules in the membrane.	Bicarbonates	52-63	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	140-147
22825995-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Several biomarkers of metabolic acidosis, including lower plasma bicarbonate and higher anion gap, have been associated with greater insulin resistance in cross-sectional studies.	Bicarbonates	77-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
22943410-9	2012	K+ uptake resulted from the Na+/K+ ATPase, and its output from the K+ channels (KCNJ2, 15, 16 and KCNMA1).We propose that the HCO3- is mainly produced from CO2 by the carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and that HCO3- is secreted through the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	126-130	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Gallus gallus	98-104
22943410-9	2012	K+ uptake resulted from the Na+/K+ ATPase, and its output from the K+ channels (KCNJ2, 15, 16 and KCNMA1).We propose that the HCO3- is mainly produced from CO2 by the carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and that HCO3- is secreted through the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	167-187
22943410-9	2012	K+ uptake resulted from the Na+/K+ ATPase, and its output from the K+ channels (KCNJ2, 15, 16 and KCNMA1).We propose that the HCO3- is mainly produced from CO2 by the carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and that HCO3- is secreted through the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	189-192
22943410-9	2012	K+ uptake resulted from the Na+/K+ ATPase, and its output from the K+ channels (KCNJ2, 15, 16 and KCNMA1).We propose that the HCO3- is mainly produced from CO2 by the carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and that HCO3- is secreted through the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	126-130	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Gallus gallus	253-260
22943410-9	2012	K+ uptake resulted from the Na+/K+ ATPase, and its output from the K+ channels (KCNJ2, 15, 16 and KCNMA1).We propose that the HCO3- is mainly produced from CO2 by the carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and that HCO3- is secreted through the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	203-207	Potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Gallus gallus	80-85
22943410-9	2012	K+ uptake resulted from the Na+/K+ ATPase, and its output from the K+ channels (KCNJ2, 15, 16 and KCNMA1).We propose that the HCO3- is mainly produced from CO2 by the carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and that HCO3- is secreted through the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	203-207	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	167-187
23018013-5	2012	Breath tests for the diagnosis of EPI continue to be developed (optimization of the C-13 mixed triglyceride test and the development of a new test based on C-13-labelled bicarbonate determination).	Bicarbonates	170-181	homeobox C13	Homo sapiens	156-160
22427115-6	2012	Bicarbonate activates the sperm protein soluble adenylyl cyclase (SACY), which results in increased levels of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activation.	Bicarbonates	0-11	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	40-64
22427115-6	2012	Bicarbonate activates the sperm protein soluble adenylyl cyclase (SACY), which results in increased levels of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activation.	Bicarbonates	0-11	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	66-70
22862560-1	2012	Distribution of the Mg2+-dependent, HCO3--stimulated ATPase (HCO3--ATPase) was investigated in sub-cellular fractions of the tissue of the human thyroid gland.	Bicarbonates	36-40	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	53-59
22862560-1	2012	Distribution of the Mg2+-dependent, HCO3--stimulated ATPase (HCO3--ATPase) was investigated in sub-cellular fractions of the tissue of the human thyroid gland.	Bicarbonates	36-40	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	67-73
22575219-0	2012	Impaired mucin synthesis and bicarbonate secretion in the colon of NHE8 knockout mice.	Bicarbonates	29-40	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	67-71
22866974-7	2012	Group mean PTH levels increased (P &lt; 0.05) during the first 3 wk of training, remained elevated for the duration of BCT, and were higher in non-whites compared to whites (P-race &lt; 0.05).	Bicarbonates	119-122	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	11-14
22575219-9	2012	Therefore, the role of NHE8 in the intestine involves both sodium absorption and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	81-92	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	23-27
22709623-9	2012	The results support our hypothesis that CO(2) might be generated from HCO(3)(-) by Cah3 in the thylakoid lumen with the following CO(2) diffusion into the pyrenoid, where the CO(2) fixing Rubisco is located.	Bicarbonates	70-77	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	83-87
22647635-10	2012	If these results are confirmed in humans with chronic kidney disease, therapeutic interventions to mitigate acidosis, such as bicarbonate administration, may also lower levels of FGF23, decrease left ventricular hypertrophy, and perhaps even decrease mortality.	Bicarbonates	126-137	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	179-184
22787577-3	2012	CA IX is a dimeric protein possessing very high catalytic activity for the hydration of carbon dioxide to protons and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	118-129	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
22586225-7	2012	Slc4a7-/- mice displayed significantly lower basal and FSK-stimulated duodenal HCO3 - secretion than slc4a7+/+ littermates in vivo.	Bicarbonates	79-83	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	0-6
22586225-8	2012	FSK-stimulated HCO3 - secretion was significantly reduced in slc4a7-/- isolated duodenal mucosa.	Bicarbonates	15-19	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	61-67
22586225-9	2012	Na+- and HCO3 --dependent base uptake rates were significantly decreased in slc4a7-/- compared with slc4a7+/+ villus duodenocytes when measured in intact villi.	Bicarbonates	9-13	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	76-82
22586225-12	2012	The electroneutral Na+:HCO3 - cotransporter NBCn1 (slc4a7) is a major duodenal HCO3 - importer that supplies HCO3 - during basal and FSK-stimulated HCO3 - secretion.	Bicarbonates	23-27	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	44-49
22586225-12	2012	The electroneutral Na+:HCO3 - cotransporter NBCn1 (slc4a7) is a major duodenal HCO3 - importer that supplies HCO3 - during basal and FSK-stimulated HCO3 - secretion.	Bicarbonates	23-27	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	51-57
22586225-12	2012	The electroneutral Na+:HCO3 - cotransporter NBCn1 (slc4a7) is a major duodenal HCO3 - importer that supplies HCO3 - during basal and FSK-stimulated HCO3 - secretion.	Bicarbonates	79-83	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	44-49
22586225-12	2012	The electroneutral Na+:HCO3 - cotransporter NBCn1 (slc4a7) is a major duodenal HCO3 - importer that supplies HCO3 - during basal and FSK-stimulated HCO3 - secretion.	Bicarbonates	79-83	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	51-57
22908201-2	2012	Studies with Calu-3 cells, an airway serous model with high expression of CFTR, also show the secretion of HCO(3)(-) when cells are stimulated with cAMP-mediated agonists.	Bicarbonates	107-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
22908201-3	2012	Activation of basolateral membrane hIK-1 K(+) channels inhibits HCO(3)(-) secretion and stimulates Cl(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	64-70	IKAROS family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
22383162-1	2012	UNLABELLED: Cl(-) /HCO3- anion exchanger 2 (AE2) participates in intracellular pH homeostasis and secretin-stimulated biliary bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	126-137	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	44-47
22763554-10	2012	These results directly link the initial host defence defect to the loss of CFTR, an anion channel that facilitates HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	115-121	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	75-79
22518001-1	2012	Mutations in SLC4A1 that mislocalize its product, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE1, away from its normal position on the basolateral membrane of the alpha-intercalated cell cause autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	63-74	solute carrier family 4 member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	13-19
22538240-0	2012	Binding of carbonic anhydrase IX to extracellular loop 4 of the NBCe1 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter enhances NBCe1-mediated HCO3- influx in the rat heart.	Bicarbonates	74-78	carbonic anhydrase 9	Rattus norvegicus	11-32
22538240-2	2012	NBC proteins associate with carbonic anhydrases (CA), CAII, and CAIV, forming a HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon.	Bicarbonates	80-86	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
22538240-2	2012	NBC proteins associate with carbonic anhydrases (CA), CAII, and CAIV, forming a HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon.	Bicarbonates	80-86	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
22779076-2	2012	Mutations in the solute carrier family 26, member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes a coupled Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger in the ileum and colon, are known to cause CLD.	Bicarbonates	98-103	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	17-51
22779076-2	2012	Mutations in the solute carrier family 26, member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes a coupled Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger in the ileum and colon, are known to cause CLD.	Bicarbonates	98-103	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	53-60
22535744-7	2012	Global estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI-182,780 and ERalpha-specific antagonist MPP, but not the ERbeta-specific antagonist PHTPP, abolished estrogen-potentiated PGE2-stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion and I(sc).	Bicarbonates	192-196	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	57-64
22535744-10	2012	In conclusion, estrogen at the physiological concentration potentiates PGE2-stimulated duodenal mucosal HCO3- secretion through the activation of ERalpha and the PI3K-dependent mechanism, which may contribute to the sex difference in duodenal mucosal HCO3- secretion and the lower prevalence of duodenal ulcer in young women.	Bicarbonates	104-108	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	146-153
22535744-10	2012	In conclusion, estrogen at the physiological concentration potentiates PGE2-stimulated duodenal mucosal HCO3- secretion through the activation of ERalpha and the PI3K-dependent mechanism, which may contribute to the sex difference in duodenal mucosal HCO3- secretion and the lower prevalence of duodenal ulcer in young women.	Bicarbonates	251-255	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	146-153
22518001-1	2012	Mutations in SLC4A1 that mislocalize its product, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE1, away from its normal position on the basolateral membrane of the alpha-intercalated cell cause autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	63-74	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	85-88
22226887-2	2012	A dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator impairs the efflux of cell anions such as chloride and bicarbonate, and also that of other solutes such as reduced glutathione.	Bicarbonates	123-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-67
22382466-9	2012	Addition of bicarbonate to L-PDF increased AQP-1 abundance by threefold; mRNA half-life remained unchanged.	Bicarbonates	12-23	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-48
22580993-2	2012	The AE1 is the most abundant integral protein of red cell membranes and plays a critical role in the carbon dioxide transport system in which carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate in the plasma.	Bicarbonates	171-182	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-7
22523073-1	2012	Previously we demonstrated that basolateral LPS inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the renal medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through TLR4-dependent ERK activation.	Bicarbonates	57-63	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	137-141
22523073-4	2012	In contrast, inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by lumen LPS was preserved in TLR2(-/-) MTALs, indicating that TLR2 is involved specifically in mediating the basolateral LPS response.	Bicarbonates	27-33	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	111-115
22523073-10	2012	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by TLR2-specific ligands was preserved in MTALs from TLR4(-/-) mice.	Bicarbonates	14-20	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	38-42
22523073-10	2012	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by TLR2-specific ligands was preserved in MTALs from TLR4(-/-) mice.	Bicarbonates	14-20	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	88-92
22523073-11	2012	These results indicate that the effect of basolateral LPS to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through MyD88-dependent ERK activation depends on a novel interaction between TLR4 and TLR2.	Bicarbonates	69-75	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	110-115
22523073-11	2012	These results indicate that the effect of basolateral LPS to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through MyD88-dependent ERK activation depends on a novel interaction between TLR4 and TLR2.	Bicarbonates	69-75	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	180-184
22523073-11	2012	These results indicate that the effect of basolateral LPS to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through MyD88-dependent ERK activation depends on a novel interaction between TLR4 and TLR2.	Bicarbonates	69-75	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	189-193
22675743-3	2004	The expression of CA IX is largely restricted to the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the gastric epithelial cells where CA IX catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons (1, 4).	Bicarbonates	198-209	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	18-23
22675743-3	2004	The expression of CA IX is largely restricted to the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the gastric epithelial cells where CA IX catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons (1, 4).	Bicarbonates	198-209	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	147-152
22675743-10	2004	CA IX may also play a role in tumor cell growth by providing bicarbonate to the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.	Bicarbonates	61-72	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
22653892-9	2012	The expression of genes involved in bicarbonate production (Car2) and transport (Slc4a4), as well as in enamel matrix endocytosis (Lamp1), was greater during the dark period, indicating that ameloblasts express these proteins when Amelx expression is at the nadir.	Bicarbonates	36-47	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	60-64
22228178-2	2012	AE2 contributes to transepithelial transport of chloride and bicarbonate in normal colon and other epithelial tissues.	Bicarbonates	61-72	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
22457434-6	2012	Pro-AKAP4 was localized by immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation to the periacrosomal membranes and was shown to be tyrosine phosphorylated by DMBT1 regardless of the presence of calcium or bicarbonate, and of cAMP analogs, protein kinase A inhibitors, or a protein kinase C inductor.	Bicarbonates	201-212	A-kinase anchoring protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
22172588-2	2012	Carbonic anhydrase (CA) XII is a transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of cell-generated carbon dioxide into protons and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	144-155	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	0-27
22297677-1	2012	Lower levels of serum bicarbonate and a higher anion gap have been associated with insulin resistance and hypertension in the general population.	Bicarbonates	22-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
22565275-6	2012	After 100 d, the Fe(II) production reached its maximum and 34% of the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extractable Fe (Fe(CBD)) was reduced to Fe(II) in the sandy soil.	Bicarbonates	78-89	opsin 1, medium wave sensitive	Homo sapiens	117-124
22687384-2	2012	Secretin (SEC) stimulates pancreas duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid.	Bicarbonates	57-68	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
22215656-14	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Effluent MCs grown ex vivo from patients treated with bicarbonate/low-GDP BicaVera fluid showed a trend to acquire an epithelial phenotype, with lower production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (such as interleukin 8) than was seen with MCs from patients treated with a lactate-buffered standard PD solution.	Bicarbonates	67-78	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	228-241
22455795-0	2012	Imidazol(in)ium hydrogen carbonates as a genuine source of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs): applications to the facile preparation of NHC metal complexes and to NHC-organocatalyzed molecular and macromolecular syntheses.	Bicarbonates	16-35	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	84-87
22455795-1	2012	Anion metathesis of imidazol(in)ium chlorides with KHCO(3) afforded an easy one step access to air stable imidazol(in)ium hydrogen carbonates, denoted as [NHC(H)][HCO(3)].	Bicarbonates	122-141	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	155-158
22455795-3	2012	The [NHC(H)][HCO(3)] salts were next shown to behave as masked NHCs, allowing for the NHC moiety to be readily transferred to both organic and organometallic substrates, without the need for dry and oxygen-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	13-19	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	5-8
22455795-3	2012	The [NHC(H)][HCO(3)] salts were next shown to behave as masked NHCs, allowing for the NHC moiety to be readily transferred to both organic and organometallic substrates, without the need for dry and oxygen-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	13-19	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
22159080-3	2012	NBCe1 (Slc4a4) at the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cell plays a major role in transepithelial intestinal HCO(3)(-) secretion and is critical for mefugu acclimation to seawater.	Bicarbonates	122-128	solute carrier family 4 member 4 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
22455795-4	2012	In addition, such [NHC(H)][HCO(3)] precursors were successfully investigated as precatalysts in two selected organocatalyzed reactions of molecular chemistry and polymer synthesis, namely, the benzoin condensation reaction and the ring-opening polymerization of d,l-lactide, respectively.	Bicarbonates	27-33	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	19-22
22455795-5	2012	The generation of NHCs from [NHC(H)][HCO(3)] precursors occurred via the formal loss of H(2)CO(3)via a concerted low energy pathway, as substantiated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.	Bicarbonates	37-43	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
22351634-9	2012	Removing CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) inhibited acetylcholine-induced NO-mediated relaxations in arteries from NHE1 knockout but not wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	15-21	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	98-102
22331414-3	2012	Others have described a homozygous mutation in NBCe1 (NBCe1-A p.Ala799Val) in an individual with severe proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA; usually associated with defective HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in proximal tubule cells) and hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP; usually associated with leaky cation channels in muscle cells).	Bicarbonates	177-183	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	47-52
22331414-3	2012	Others have described a homozygous mutation in NBCe1 (NBCe1-A p.Ala799Val) in an individual with severe proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA; usually associated with defective HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in proximal tubule cells) and hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP; usually associated with leaky cation channels in muscle cells).	Bicarbonates	177-183	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	54-59
22351634-8	2012	Omission of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) caused VSMCs and ECs to acidify substantially more in NHE1 knockout (0.3-0.6 pH-units) than wild-type (0.02-0.1 pH units) mice.	Bicarbonates	18-24	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	82-86
22351634-12	2012	Under physiological conditions, CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-dependent mechanisms mask the pH(i)-regulatory function of NHE1.	Bicarbonates	38-47	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	107-111
22321763-11	2012	Dipteran Prestin proteins appear suited for central roles in bicarbonate, sulfate and oxalate metabolism including generating the high pH conditions measured in the Dipteran midgut lumen.	Bicarbonates	61-72	prestin	Drosophila melanogaster	9-16
22126643-1	2012	Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in familial distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in association with membrane defect hemolytic anemia.	Bicarbonates	96-107	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-34
22126643-1	2012	Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in familial distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in association with membrane defect hemolytic anemia.	Bicarbonates	96-107	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	36-39
22126643-1	2012	Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in familial distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in association with membrane defect hemolytic anemia.	Bicarbonates	96-107	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	175-179
21930242-4	2012	Cellular Cd(2+) uptake increased in the presence of HCO(3)(-), which resembled the function of mammalian ZIP8.	Bicarbonates	52-58	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	105-109
21873623-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) (TRPV5) and the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) are expressed on the apical membrane of tubular cells in the distal nephron and play essential roles in calcium re-absorption and bicarbonate secretion, respectively, in the kidney.	Bicarbonates	234-245	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5	Mus musculus	51-56
21873623-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) (TRPV5) and the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) are expressed on the apical membrane of tubular cells in the distal nephron and play essential roles in calcium re-absorption and bicarbonate secretion, respectively, in the kidney.	Bicarbonates	234-245	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	86-93
21873623-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) (TRPV5) and the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) are expressed on the apical membrane of tubular cells in the distal nephron and play essential roles in calcium re-absorption and bicarbonate secretion, respectively, in the kidney.	Bicarbonates	234-245	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	95-102
21873623-5	2012	Subjecting the pendrin WT and KO mice to oral bicarbonate loading for 12 days increased the urine pH to ~8 in both genotypes, normalized the expression of ECaC and Na/Ca exchanger and reduced the urine calcium excretion in pendrin-null mice to levels comparable to WT mice.	Bicarbonates	46-57	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	15-22
21873623-5	2012	Subjecting the pendrin WT and KO mice to oral bicarbonate loading for 12 days increased the urine pH to ~8 in both genotypes, normalized the expression of ECaC and Na/Ca exchanger and reduced the urine calcium excretion in pendrin-null mice to levels comparable to WT mice.	Bicarbonates	46-57	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	223-230
22419175-1	2012	The Na(+/)H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) is essential for HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	59-64	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	4-34
22419175-1	2012	The Na(+/)H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) is essential for HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	59-64	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	36-40
22121115-4	2012	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in mature sperm and has been shown to contribute to Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) movements during capacitation.	Bicarbonates	138-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
22121115-4	2012	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in mature sperm and has been shown to contribute to Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) movements during capacitation.	Bicarbonates	138-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
22121115-8	2012	These various results suggest that TAT1 and CFTR may form a molecular complex involved in the regulation of Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) fluxes during sperm capacitation.	Bicarbonates	118-124	solute carrier family 26 member 8	Homo sapiens	35-39
22121115-8	2012	These various results suggest that TAT1 and CFTR may form a molecular complex involved in the regulation of Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) fluxes during sperm capacitation.	Bicarbonates	118-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-48
22159277-4	2012	In this regard, we have recently shown that short-term treatment by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an important bioactive phospholipid, stimulates Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)(OH(-)) exchange activity via an increase in DRA surface levels in human intestinal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	151-158	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	205-208
22129966-2	2012	Pendrin is essential for CCD bicarbonate secretion and is also involved in NaCl balance and blood pressure regulation.	Bicarbonates	29-40	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
22129966-12	2012	In conclusion, pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in the renal tubule may be regulated transcriptionally by the peptide hormone UGN.	Bicarbonates	38-44	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
22129966-12	2012	In conclusion, pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in the renal tubule may be regulated transcriptionally by the peptide hormone UGN.	Bicarbonates	38-44	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	135-138
22170719-4	2012	RESULTS: FSH-stimulated cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation, aromatase expression, and estradiol production are found to be enhanced by HCO3- and a HCO3- sensor, the soluble adenylyl cyclase, which could be significantly reduced by CFTR inhibition or in ovaries or granulosa cells of cftr knockout/DeltaF508 mutant mice.	Bicarbonates	156-160	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	252-256
22082831-3	2012	SLC4A5 (NBCe2, NBC4) is expressed in the collecting duct of the kidney and acts as an electrogenic ion-transporter that transports sodium and bicarbonate with a 1:2 or 1:3 stoichiometry allowing bicarbonate reabsorption with relatively minor concurrent sodium uptake.	Bicarbonates	142-153	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-6
22082831-3	2012	SLC4A5 (NBCe2, NBC4) is expressed in the collecting duct of the kidney and acts as an electrogenic ion-transporter that transports sodium and bicarbonate with a 1:2 or 1:3 stoichiometry allowing bicarbonate reabsorption with relatively minor concurrent sodium uptake.	Bicarbonates	142-153	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	8-13
22082831-3	2012	SLC4A5 (NBCe2, NBC4) is expressed in the collecting duct of the kidney and acts as an electrogenic ion-transporter that transports sodium and bicarbonate with a 1:2 or 1:3 stoichiometry allowing bicarbonate reabsorption with relatively minor concurrent sodium uptake.	Bicarbonates	142-153	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	15-19
22082831-10	2012	We reason that the loss of sodium-sparing bicarbonate reabsorption by SLC4A5 initiates a regulatory cascade consisting of compensatory bicarbonate reabsorption via other sodium-bicarbonate transporters (e.g. SLC4A7) at the expense of an increased sodium uptake.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	70-76
22082831-10	2012	We reason that the loss of sodium-sparing bicarbonate reabsorption by SLC4A5 initiates a regulatory cascade consisting of compensatory bicarbonate reabsorption via other sodium-bicarbonate transporters (e.g. SLC4A7) at the expense of an increased sodium uptake.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	208-214
22082831-10	2012	We reason that the loss of sodium-sparing bicarbonate reabsorption by SLC4A5 initiates a regulatory cascade consisting of compensatory bicarbonate reabsorption via other sodium-bicarbonate transporters (e.g. SLC4A7) at the expense of an increased sodium uptake.	Bicarbonates	135-146	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	70-76
22082831-10	2012	We reason that the loss of sodium-sparing bicarbonate reabsorption by SLC4A5 initiates a regulatory cascade consisting of compensatory bicarbonate reabsorption via other sodium-bicarbonate transporters (e.g. SLC4A7) at the expense of an increased sodium uptake.	Bicarbonates	135-146	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	208-214
22170719-4	2012	RESULTS: FSH-stimulated cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation, aromatase expression, and estradiol production are found to be enhanced by HCO3- and a HCO3- sensor, the soluble adenylyl cyclase, which could be significantly reduced by CFTR inhibition or in ovaries or granulosa cells of cftr knockout/DeltaF508 mutant mice.	Bicarbonates	156-160	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	304-308
22170719-4	2012	RESULTS: FSH-stimulated cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation, aromatase expression, and estradiol production are found to be enhanced by HCO3- and a HCO3- sensor, the soluble adenylyl cyclase, which could be significantly reduced by CFTR inhibition or in ovaries or granulosa cells of cftr knockout/DeltaF508 mutant mice.	Bicarbonates	168-172	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	252-256
22170719-4	2012	RESULTS: FSH-stimulated cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation, aromatase expression, and estradiol production are found to be enhanced by HCO3- and a HCO3- sensor, the soluble adenylyl cyclase, which could be significantly reduced by CFTR inhibition or in ovaries or granulosa cells of cftr knockout/DeltaF508 mutant mice.	Bicarbonates	168-172	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	304-308
22223876-3	2012	Nephron segment studies strongly suggest the corrective response is orchestrated in the collecting duct, which has several transporters integral to acid-base regulation, the most important of which is pendrin, a luminal Cl/HCO(3)(-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	223-229	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	201-208
22227327-2	2012	AE3 catalyzes electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange across cardiomyocyte sarcolemma.	Bicarbonates	35-41	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
22227327-14	2012	CAXIV/AE3 interaction constitutes an extracellular component of a BTM which potentiates AE3-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport in the heart.	Bicarbonates	101-107	carbonic anhydrase 14	Mus musculus	0-5
22227327-14	2012	CAXIV/AE3 interaction constitutes an extracellular component of a BTM which potentiates AE3-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport in the heart.	Bicarbonates	101-107	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
22227327-14	2012	CAXIV/AE3 interaction constitutes an extracellular component of a BTM which potentiates AE3-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport in the heart.	Bicarbonates	101-107	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
22348477-0	2012	Bicarbonate stabilizes isolated D1/D2/cytochrome b559 complex of photosystem 2 against thermoinactivation.	Bicarbonates	0-11	leiomodin 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
22360560-7	2012	A particularly important feature of tumour pHi regulation is acid-extrusion, which involves H+-extrusion and HCO3--uptake by membrane-bound transporter-proteins.	Bicarbonates	109-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	43-46
22170054-7	2012	In these membrane regions CA IX co-localizes with sodium bicarbonate co-transporter (NBCe1) and anion exchanger 2 (AE2) that are both components of the migration apparatus and form bicarbonate transport metabolon with CA IX.	Bicarbonates	57-68	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	26-31
21939730-1	2012	Secretin and the secretin receptor have been reported to play an important role in regulating pancreatic water and bicarbonate secretion in mammals; however, little is known about their expression, structure, and biological functions in non-mammalian vertebrates including birds.	Bicarbonates	115-126	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
21939730-1	2012	Secretin and the secretin receptor have been reported to play an important role in regulating pancreatic water and bicarbonate secretion in mammals; however, little is known about their expression, structure, and biological functions in non-mammalian vertebrates including birds.	Bicarbonates	115-126	secretin receptor	Homo sapiens	17-34
22515107-5	2012	HCO3- secretion critically depends on the activity of CFTR, a cAMP-dependent anion channel localized in the apical membrane of various epithelia.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
22515107-6	2012	In the proximal part of pancreatic ducts close to acinar cells HCO3 secretion across the apical membrane is largely mediated by SLC26A6 CI- -HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	63-67	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	128-135
22515107-7	2012	In distal ducts where the luminal HCO3- concentration is already high, most of the HCO3- secretion is mediated by HCO3- conductance of CFTR.	Bicarbonates	34-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
22515107-7	2012	In distal ducts where the luminal HCO3- concentration is already high, most of the HCO3- secretion is mediated by HCO3- conductance of CFTR.	Bicarbonates	83-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
22515107-7	2012	In distal ducts where the luminal HCO3- concentration is already high, most of the HCO3- secretion is mediated by HCO3- conductance of CFTR.	Bicarbonates	83-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
22223659-10	2012	One feature, via Best2, catalyzes a bicarbonate gradient that could help to drive calcium-associated ionic transport; the other, requiring Nkcc1, facilitates monovalent ion exchange into sweat.	Bicarbonates	36-47	bestrophin 2	Mus musculus	17-22
22223659-10	2012	One feature, via Best2, catalyzes a bicarbonate gradient that could help to drive calcium-associated ionic transport; the other, requiring Nkcc1, facilitates monovalent ion exchange into sweat.	Bicarbonates	36-47	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	139-144
22415075-1	2012	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Stimulation of insulin release by D-glucose is accompanied by Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) efflux from pancreatic islet cells.	Bicarbonates	89-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
23183381-1	2012	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The sodium/bicarbonate transporter NBCn1 plays an essential role in intracellular pH regulation and transepithelial HCO(3)(-) movement in the body.	Bicarbonates	133-139	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	52-57
21562143-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Use of GDP-free, neutral-pH, bicarbonate-lactate-buffered PD solutions is associated with higher plasma levels of acylated ghrelin and adiponectin than classic solutions.	Bicarbonates	42-53	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	148-159
21557395-0	2012	Loss of downregulated in adenoma (DRA) impairs mucosal HCO3(-) secretion in murine ileocolonic inflammation.	Bicarbonates	55-59	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	34-37
21557395-5	2012	RESULTS: The high basal J(HCO3)(-) observed in WT ileal and mid-colonic mucosa were luminal Cl(-) -dependent and strongly decreased in TNF(+/DeltaARE) mice.	Bicarbonates	26-30	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	135-138
21557395-7	2012	This indicates that the severe defect in ileocolonic J(HCO3)(-) was due to DRA downregulation.	Bicarbonates	55-59	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	75-78
22037404-3	2012	The first enzymatic activity of the ACC complex, biotin carboxylase (BC), catalyzes the carboxylation of the protein-bound biotin moiety of another subunit with bicarbonate in an ATP-dependent reaction.	Bicarbonates	161-172	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	49-67
22037404-3	2012	The first enzymatic activity of the ACC complex, biotin carboxylase (BC), catalyzes the carboxylation of the protein-bound biotin moiety of another subunit with bicarbonate in an ATP-dependent reaction.	Bicarbonates	161-172	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	69-71
22844459-9	2012	Activation of sAC with bicarbonate significantly inhibited secretagogue-stimulated zymogen activation; this response was decreased by inhibition of sAC or PKA.	Bicarbonates	23-34	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
22848780-0	2012	Bicarbonate plays a critical role in the generation of cytotoxicity during SIN-1 decomposition in culture medium.	Bicarbonates	0-11	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
22848780-3	2012	Here, we clarified that significant cytotoxicity persists after SIN-1 decomposes in bicarbonate, a component of the culture medium, but not in NaOH.	Bicarbonates	84-95	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
22848780-4	2012	Cytotoxic SIN-1-decomposed bicarbonate, which lacks both oxidizing and nitrosating activities, degrades to innocuous state over time.	Bicarbonates	27-38	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
22848780-6	2012	These results suggest that, despite its low abundance, the bicarbonate-dependent cytotoxic substance that accumulates in the medium during SIN-1 breakdown is the cytotoxic entity of SIN-1.	Bicarbonates	59-70	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
22848780-6	2012	These results suggest that, despite its low abundance, the bicarbonate-dependent cytotoxic substance that accumulates in the medium during SIN-1 breakdown is the cytotoxic entity of SIN-1.	Bicarbonates	59-70	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	182-187
23071446-0	2012	Loss of Slc4a1b chloride/bicarbonate exchanger function protects mechanosensory hair cells from aminoglycoside damage in the zebrafish mutant persephone.	Bicarbonates	25-36	solute carrier family 4 member 1b (Diego blood group)	Danio rerio	8-15
23071446-7	2012	The mutation in persephone maps to the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger slc4a1b and introduces a single Ser-to-Phe substitution in zSlc4a1b.	Bicarbonates	48-59	solute carrier family 4 member 1b (Diego blood group)	Danio rerio	70-77
23071446-7	2012	The mutation in persephone maps to the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger slc4a1b and introduces a single Ser-to-Phe substitution in zSlc4a1b.	Bicarbonates	48-59	solute carrier family 4 member 1b (Diego blood group)	Danio rerio	129-137
23056253-2	2012	The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons.	Bicarbonates	27-38	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	49-53
23056253-2	2012	The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons.	Bicarbonates	27-38	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	55-62
23056253-4	2012	As GABA(A) receptors conduct both chloride and bicarbonate, we hypothesized that NCBE may be relevant for GABAergic transmission in the retina.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	81-85
23056253-10	2012	In summary, our data suggest that NCBE may serve to maintain intracellular chloride and bicarbonate concentration in retinal neurons.	Bicarbonates	88-99	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	34-38
22984565-6	2012	Here, we provide direct structural evidence, from a 2.15 A resolution crystal structure, of (bi)carbonate captured at the active site of reduced SOD, consistent with the view that a bound carbonate intermediate could be formed, producing a diffusible carbonate radical upon reoxidation of copper.	Bicarbonates	92-105	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
22074182-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cell-surface anion channel that permeates chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Bicarbonates	119-130	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
22074182-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cell-surface anion channel that permeates chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Bicarbonates	119-130	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
22037869-1	2011	In the hypoxic regions of a tumor, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an important transmembrane component of the pH regulatory machinery that participates in bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	157-168	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	35-56
22037869-1	2011	In the hypoxic regions of a tumor, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an important transmembrane component of the pH regulatory machinery that participates in bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	157-168	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	58-63
22037869-5	2011	Moreover, following hypoxia induction, CA IX colocalized with the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter and other PKA substrates in the leading edge membranes of migrating tumor cells, in support of the concept that bicarbonate metabolism is spatially regulated at cell surface sites with high local ion transport and pH control.	Bicarbonates	73-84	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	39-44
22243245-2	2011	Solute carrier family 26A member 4 (SLC26A4, or pendrin) is an anion exchanger for chloride, bicarbonate, iodine, and formate.	Bicarbonates	93-104	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-34
21994938-7	2011	Best2 is expressed uniquely in nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells providing evidence for a bicarbonate-dependent communicative pathway linking inflow and outflow.	Bicarbonates	100-111	bestrophin 2	Mus musculus	0-5
21881005-2	2011	Recently, we demonstrated that Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).	Bicarbonates	89-95	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	177-197
21881005-2	2011	Recently, we demonstrated that Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).	Bicarbonates	89-95	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	199-203
21881005-5	2011	The inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption was eliminated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/ERK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059.	Bicarbonates	18-24	midkine	Mus musculus	133-136
21881005-5	2011	The inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption was eliminated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/ERK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059.	Bicarbonates	18-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	138-141
21881005-11	2011	We conclude that basolateral LPS inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through activation of a TLR4/MyD88/MEK/ERK pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE3.	Bicarbonates	42-48	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	99-103
21881005-11	2011	We conclude that basolateral LPS inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through activation of a TLR4/MyD88/MEK/ERK pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE3.	Bicarbonates	42-48	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	104-109
21881005-11	2011	We conclude that basolateral LPS inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through activation of a TLR4/MyD88/MEK/ERK pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE3.	Bicarbonates	42-48	midkine	Mus musculus	110-113
21881005-11	2011	We conclude that basolateral LPS inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through activation of a TLR4/MyD88/MEK/ERK pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE3.	Bicarbonates	42-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	114-117
22243245-2	2011	Solute carrier family 26A member 4 (SLC26A4, or pendrin) is an anion exchanger for chloride, bicarbonate, iodine, and formate.	Bicarbonates	93-104	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	36-43
22243245-2	2011	Solute carrier family 26A member 4 (SLC26A4, or pendrin) is an anion exchanger for chloride, bicarbonate, iodine, and formate.	Bicarbonates	93-104	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	48-55
22065779-10	2011	We conclude that MR detection of hyperpolarized TCA intermediates and bicarbonate is diagnostic of pyruvate carboxylase and PEPCK flux in the liver.	Bicarbonates	70-81	pyruvate carboxylase	Mus musculus	99-119
21893120-0	2011	Trypsin reduces pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion by inhibiting CFTR Cl- channels and luminal anion exchangers.	Bicarbonates	34-45	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
21893120-7	2011	Trypsin increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and intracellular pH and inhibited secretion of bicarbonate by the luminal anion exchanger and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel.	Bicarbonates	101-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	152-203
21893120-7	2011	Trypsin increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and intracellular pH and inhibited secretion of bicarbonate by the luminal anion exchanger and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel.	Bicarbonates	101-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	205-209
21893120-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Trypsin reduces pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion via PAR-2-dependent inhibition of the apical anion exchanger and the CFTR Cl(-) channel.	Bicarbonates	47-58	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
22506410-1	2011	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) is an important ubiquitous cytosol enzyme that fixes HCO3 together with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and yields oxaloacetate that can be converted to intermediates of the citric acid cycle.	Bicarbonates	105-109	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-31
22506410-1	2011	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) is an important ubiquitous cytosol enzyme that fixes HCO3 together with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and yields oxaloacetate that can be converted to intermediates of the citric acid cycle.	Bicarbonates	105-109	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
21914796-0	2011	Novel role for pendrin in orchestrating bicarbonate secretion in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing airway serous cells.	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
21914796-0	2011	Novel role for pendrin in orchestrating bicarbonate secretion in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing airway serous cells.	Bicarbonates	40-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-116
21914796-0	2011	Novel role for pendrin in orchestrating bicarbonate secretion in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing airway serous cells.	Bicarbonates	40-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	118-122
21914796-1	2011	In most HCO(3)(-)-secreting epithelial tissues, SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) transporters work in concert with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to regulate the magnitude and composition of the secreted fluid, a process that is vital for normal tissue function.	Bicarbonates	8-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-159
21914796-1	2011	In most HCO(3)(-)-secreting epithelial tissues, SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) transporters work in concert with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to regulate the magnitude and composition of the secreted fluid, a process that is vital for normal tissue function.	Bicarbonates	8-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	161-165
21914796-1	2011	In most HCO(3)(-)-secreting epithelial tissues, SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) transporters work in concert with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to regulate the magnitude and composition of the secreted fluid, a process that is vital for normal tissue function.	Bicarbonates	60-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-159
21914796-1	2011	In most HCO(3)(-)-secreting epithelial tissues, SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) transporters work in concert with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to regulate the magnitude and composition of the secreted fluid, a process that is vital for normal tissue function.	Bicarbonates	60-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	161-165
21914796-2	2011	By contrast, CFTR is regarded as the only exit pathway for HCO(3)(-) in the airways.	Bicarbonates	59-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
21914796-4	2011	Real-time measurement of intracellular pH from polarized cultures of human Calu-3 cells demonstrated cAMP/PKA-activated Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) transport across the luminal membrane via CFTR-dependent coupled Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchange.	Bicarbonates	136-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	188-192
21914796-4	2011	Real-time measurement of intracellular pH from polarized cultures of human Calu-3 cells demonstrated cAMP/PKA-activated Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) transport across the luminal membrane via CFTR-dependent coupled Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchange.	Bicarbonates	217-223	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	188-192
21914796-10	2011	These results establish that CFTR predominately controls the rate of liquid secretion, whereas pendrin regulates the composition of the secreted fluid and identifies a critical role for this anion exchanger in transcellular HCO(3)(-) secretion in airway serous cells.	Bicarbonates	224-230	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	95-102
22065779-10	2011	We conclude that MR detection of hyperpolarized TCA intermediates and bicarbonate is diagnostic of pyruvate carboxylase and PEPCK flux in the liver.	Bicarbonates	70-81	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	124-129
21795643-3	2011	Measurement of the half-lives of PEPCK mRNA in cells treated with normal (pH 7.4, 26 mM HCO(3)(-)) and acidic medium established that the observed increase is due in part to stabilization of the PEPCK mRNA.	Bicarbonates	88-94	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
22089772-9	2011	In 17 patients on MHD with serum HCO3  &lt;22 mEq/L, there was a significant inverse correlation between HCO 3 and nPCR (r = 0.492, P = 0.045), and these patients had significantly lower serum albumin compared with patients with serum HCO3  &gt;22 mEq/L (P = 0.046).	Bicarbonates	33-37	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	115-119
21997505-3	2011	Functional characterization of this transporter suggests that Slc26a11 mediates classical electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange but also exhibits an electrogenic Cl(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	111-118	solute carrier family 26 member 11	Homo sapiens	62-70
21965328-2	2011	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, an anion-base exchanger expressed in inner ear epithelial cells that secretes HCO3- into endolymph.	Bicarbonates	103-107	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
21965328-2	2011	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, an anion-base exchanger expressed in inner ear epithelial cells that secretes HCO3- into endolymph.	Bicarbonates	103-107	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	16-23
22089772-9	2011	In 17 patients on MHD with serum HCO3  &lt;22 mEq/L, there was a significant inverse correlation between HCO 3 and nPCR (r = 0.492, P = 0.045), and these patients had significantly lower serum albumin compared with patients with serum HCO3  &gt;22 mEq/L (P = 0.046).	Bicarbonates	105-110	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	115-119
22089772-9	2011	In 17 patients on MHD with serum HCO3  &lt;22 mEq/L, there was a significant inverse correlation between HCO 3 and nPCR (r = 0.492, P = 0.045), and these patients had significantly lower serum albumin compared with patients with serum HCO3  &gt;22 mEq/L (P = 0.046).	Bicarbonates	235-239	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	115-119
21913686-0	2011	The biological buffer bicarbonate/CO2 potentiates H2O2-mediated inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases.	Bicarbonates	22-33	6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase	Homo sapiens	80-109
21851077-0	2011	A blue corrinoid from partial degradation of vitamin B12 in aqueous bicarbonate: spectra, structure, and interaction with proteins of B12 transport.	Bicarbonates	68-79	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	53-56
21913686-3	2011	Here we present evidence that the biological buffer bicarbonate/CO(2) potentiates the ability of H(2)O(2) to inactivate PTPs.	Bicarbonates	52-63	6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase	Homo sapiens	120-124
21921144-6	2011	iGFR and eGFR had similar strengths of association with hyperkalemia/potassium level and with metabolic acidosis/bicarbonate level.	Bicarbonates	113-124	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
21851077-0	2011	A blue corrinoid from partial degradation of vitamin B12 in aqueous bicarbonate: spectra, structure, and interaction with proteins of B12 transport.	Bicarbonates	68-79	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	134-137
21239206-9	2011	At low 4-CyP concentration (0.05 mg L(-1)), bicarbonate ion drastically enhanced the rate of 4-CyP degradation.	Bicarbonates	44-55	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	9-12
21239206-9	2011	At low 4-CyP concentration (0.05 mg L(-1)), bicarbonate ion drastically enhanced the rate of 4-CyP degradation.	Bicarbonates	44-55	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	95-98
21593184-5	2011	GLP-1-infused rats displayed increased urine flow, fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate compared with those rats that received vehicle (1% BSA/saline).	Bicarbonates	98-109	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
21593184-8	2011	In rat renal proximal tubule, GLP-1 significantly reduced Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3)-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism.	Bicarbonates	105-116	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
21543742-0	2011	An intramolecular transport metabolon: fusion of carbonic anhydrase II to the COOH terminus of the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	105-110	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	49-70
21593184-8	2011	In rat renal proximal tubule, GLP-1 significantly reduced Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3)-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism.	Bicarbonates	105-116	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	58-88
21543742-0	2011	An intramolecular transport metabolon: fusion of carbonic anhydrase II to the COOH terminus of the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	105-110	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	125-128
21593449-2	2011	Optimal stimulation of pancreatic HCO(3)(-) secretion likely requires coupled activities of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) anion channel and apical SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	34-40	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
21593184-8	2011	In rat renal proximal tubule, GLP-1 significantly reduced Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3)-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism.	Bicarbonates	105-116	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
21543742-1	2011	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the plasma membrane Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger of erythrocytes.	Bicarbonates	53-58	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
21543742-1	2011	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the plasma membrane Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger of erythrocytes.	Bicarbonates	53-58	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
21543742-5	2011	When expressed in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, AE1.CAII had a similar Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity to AE1 alone, as assessed by the flux of H(+) equivalents (87 +- 4% vs. AE1) or rate of change of intracellular Cl(-) concentration (93 +- 4% vs. AE1), suggesting that CAII does not activate AE1.	Bicarbonates	93-99	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	64-67
21543742-5	2011	When expressed in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, AE1.CAII had a similar Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity to AE1 alone, as assessed by the flux of H(+) equivalents (87 +- 4% vs. AE1) or rate of change of intracellular Cl(-) concentration (93 +- 4% vs. AE1), suggesting that CAII does not activate AE1.	Bicarbonates	93-99	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
21543742-7	2011	Fusion of CAII to AE1 therefore reduces anion transport activity, but this reduction is compensated for during Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange by the presence of catalytically active CAII.	Bicarbonates	117-123	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	10-14
21543742-7	2011	Fusion of CAII to AE1 therefore reduces anion transport activity, but this reduction is compensated for during Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange by the presence of catalytically active CAII.	Bicarbonates	117-123	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	18-21
21543742-7	2011	Fusion of CAII to AE1 therefore reduces anion transport activity, but this reduction is compensated for during Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange by the presence of catalytically active CAII.	Bicarbonates	117-123	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	176-180
21543742-8	2011	Overexpression of free CAII-V143Y acts in a dominant negative manner to reduce AE1-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport by displacement of endogenous CAII-wild type from its binding site on AE1.	Bicarbonates	92-98	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
21543742-8	2011	Overexpression of free CAII-V143Y acts in a dominant negative manner to reduce AE1-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport by displacement of endogenous CAII-wild type from its binding site on AE1.	Bicarbonates	92-98	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-82
21593449-5	2011	Thus the property of high HCO(3)(-) secretion shared by human and guinea pig pancreatic ducts prompted us to clone from guinea pig pancreatic duct cDNAs encoding Slc26a3, Slc26a6, and Slc26a11 polypeptides.	Bicarbonates	26-32	chloride anion exchanger	Cavia porcellus	162-169
21543742-8	2011	Overexpression of free CAII-V143Y acts in a dominant negative manner to reduce AE1-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport by displacement of endogenous CAII-wild type from its binding site on AE1.	Bicarbonates	92-98	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	142-146
21593184-9	2011	Reduced proximal tubular bicarbonate flux rate was associated with a significant increase of NHE3 phosphorylation at the PKA consensus sites in microvillus membrane vesicles.	Bicarbonates	25-36	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
21543742-8	2011	Overexpression of free CAII-V143Y acts in a dominant negative manner to reduce AE1-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport by displacement of endogenous CAII-wild type from its binding site on AE1.	Bicarbonates	92-98	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	182-185
21543742-10	2011	The bicarbonate transport activity of AE1 was inhibited by CAII-V143Y, whereas the activity of AE1.CAII was unaffected by CAII-V143Y, suggesting impaired transport activity upon displacement of functional CAII from AE1 but not AE1.CAII.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-41
21613418-5	2011	The increased HCO(3)(-) absorptive capacity was mediated by an increase in apical NHE3 activity.	Bicarbonates	14-20	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
21613418-6	2011	Inhibiting basolateral NHE1 with bath amiloride eliminated 60% of the adaptive increase in HCO(3)(-) absorption.	Bicarbonates	91-97	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
21593184-9	2011	Reduced proximal tubular bicarbonate flux rate was associated with a significant increase of NHE3 phosphorylation at the PKA consensus sites in microvillus membrane vesicles.	Bicarbonates	25-36	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
21543742-10	2011	The bicarbonate transport activity of AE1 was inhibited by CAII-V143Y, whereas the activity of AE1.CAII was unaffected by CAII-V143Y, suggesting impaired transport activity upon displacement of functional CAII from AE1 but not AE1.CAII.	Bicarbonates	4-15	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
21481501-8	2011	Results of recent observational studies confirm an association between insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis markers, including low serum bicarbonate, high serum anion gap, hypocitraturia, and low urine pH.	Bicarbonates	142-153	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
21576273-5	2011	In clearance studies the KCNE1 knockout mice had an increased fractional excretion of Na+, Cl-, HCO3(-) and water.	Bicarbonates	96-100	potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	25-30
21474426-10	2011	CFTR(inh)-172, a specific CFTR channel blocker, inhibited basal HCO(3)(-) secretion as well as stimulation of HCO(3)(-) secretion by IBMX.	Bicarbonates	64-70	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
21576273-10	2011	Taken together these data suggest that KCNE1 regulates a K+-selective conductance in the renal proximal tubule that plays a relatively minor role in driving the transport of Na+, Cl- and HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	187-191	potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	39-44
21592965-1	2011	Biotin carboxylase (BC) activity is shared among biotin-dependent carboxylases and catalyzes the Mg-ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin using bicarbonate as the CO(2) donor.	Bicarbonates	144-155	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	0-18
21592965-1	2011	Biotin carboxylase (BC) activity is shared among biotin-dependent carboxylases and catalyzes the Mg-ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin using bicarbonate as the CO(2) donor.	Bicarbonates	144-155	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	20-22
21354683-11	2011	Compared with participants with bicarbonate levels &gt;=23 mEq/L, those with bicarbonate levels &lt;23 mEq/L had higher body mass index and serum albumin levels; were more likely to have low socioeconomic status, a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, or glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m(2); and were less likely to use diuretics.	Bicarbonates	77-88	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	287-292
21389278-0	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapidly enhances CFTR-mediated HCO3- secretion in intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer: a novel ion regulatory action of PTH.	Bicarbonates	57-61	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	0-19
21389278-0	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapidly enhances CFTR-mediated HCO3- secretion in intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer: a novel ion regulatory action of PTH.	Bicarbonates	57-61	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	21-24
21389278-0	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapidly enhances CFTR-mediated HCO3- secretion in intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer: a novel ion regulatory action of PTH.	Bicarbonates	57-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-47
21389278-1	2011	Besides being a Ca2-regulating hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH) has also been shown to regulate epithelial transport of certain ions, such as Cl, HCO3, and Na, particularly in the kidney.	Bicarbonates	148-152	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	40-59
21389278-1	2011	Besides being a Ca2-regulating hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH) has also been shown to regulate epithelial transport of certain ions, such as Cl, HCO3, and Na, particularly in the kidney.	Bicarbonates	148-152	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	61-64
21389278-4	2011	It was found that Caco-2 cells rapidly responded to PTH within 1 min by increasing apical HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	90-94	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	52-55
21389278-8	2011	Furthermore, the PTH-stimulated HCO3-secretion was markedly reduced by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (PKI 14-22 amide) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors (wortmannin and LY-294002), but not by intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM) or protein kinase C inhibitor (GF-109203X).	Bicarbonates	32-36	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	17-20
21389278-9	2011	In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that PTH directly and rapidly stimulated apical HCO3- secretion through CFTR in PKA- and PI3K-dependent manner, which was a novel noncalciotropic, ion regulatory action of PTH in the intestinal epithelium.	Bicarbonates	99-103	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	56-59
21389278-9	2011	In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that PTH directly and rapidly stimulated apical HCO3- secretion through CFTR in PKA- and PI3K-dependent manner, which was a novel noncalciotropic, ion regulatory action of PTH in the intestinal epithelium.	Bicarbonates	99-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-127
21389278-9	2011	In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that PTH directly and rapidly stimulated apical HCO3- secretion through CFTR in PKA- and PI3K-dependent manner, which was a novel noncalciotropic, ion regulatory action of PTH in the intestinal epithelium.	Bicarbonates	99-103	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	223-226
21474426-10	2011	CFTR(inh)-172, a specific CFTR channel blocker, inhibited basal HCO(3)(-) secretion as well as stimulation of HCO(3)(-) secretion by IBMX.	Bicarbonates	64-70	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
21474426-10	2011	CFTR(inh)-172, a specific CFTR channel blocker, inhibited basal HCO(3)(-) secretion as well as stimulation of HCO(3)(-) secretion by IBMX.	Bicarbonates	110-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
21551164-7	2011	CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that, although pendrin is not usually required to maintain acid-base homeostasis under ambient condition, loss of renal bicarbonate excretion by pendrin during a metabolic alkalotic challenge may contribute to life-threatening acid-base disturbances in patients with Pendred syndrome.	Bicarbonates	154-165	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	179-186
21561868-10	2011	Second, NHE3-dependent absorption of HCO(3)(-), measured by single tubule perfusion, was reduced in proximal tubules of Clcn5 KO mice.	Bicarbonates	37-43	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	8-12
21561868-10	2011	Second, NHE3-dependent absorption of HCO(3)(-), measured by single tubule perfusion, was reduced in proximal tubules of Clcn5 KO mice.	Bicarbonates	37-43	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	120-125
22865360-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding a channel protein CFTR, conducting Cl- and HCO3 - ions.	Bicarbonates	141-145	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	116-120
21509381-8	2011	The knockdown of ZIP8, but not of ZIP14, significantly reduced the uptake rates of Cd and Mn in RBL-2H3 cells, especially in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	141-152	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
21152975-2	2011	Subsequently it was found to have multiple functions and regulate the activity of diverse proteins, including regulation of HCO(3)(-) transporters to coordinate epithelial HCO(3)(-) secretion and to determine localization of the Fip1 subunit of the CPSF complex to regulate mRNA processing.	Bicarbonates	124-130	factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1	Homo sapiens	229-233
21621518-0	2011	Electrogenic Na+/HCO3- co-transporter-1 is essential for the parathyroid hormone-stimulated intestinal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	17-21	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	61-80
21621518-1	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters.	Bicarbonates	67-73	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
21621518-1	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters.	Bicarbonates	67-73	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
21621518-2	2011	Moreover, the function of the PTH-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion has never been investigated in vivo.	Bicarbonates	45-51	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
21621518-6	2011	Therefore, the present results suggested that PTH stimulated intestinal HCO(3)(-) secretion, particularly in the ileum, by inducing the basolateral HCO(3)(-) uptake via NBCe1.	Bicarbonates	72-78	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
21621518-6	2011	Therefore, the present results suggested that PTH stimulated intestinal HCO(3)(-) secretion, particularly in the ileum, by inducing the basolateral HCO(3)(-) uptake via NBCe1.	Bicarbonates	148-154	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
21621518-1	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters.	Bicarbonates	67-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	121-172
21641549-7	2011	In particular, IRR is expressed in the cell subsets of the kidney that secrete bicarbonate into urine.	Bicarbonates	79-90	insulin receptor-related receptor	Mus musculus	15-18
21621518-1	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters.	Bicarbonates	67-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
21621518-1	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters.	Bicarbonates	193-199	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
21621518-1	2011	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters.	Bicarbonates	193-199	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
21605548-0	2011	Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in fMLP-stimulated human neutrophils.	Bicarbonates	4-8	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
21641549-8	2011	Disruption of IRR in mice impairs the renal response to alkali loading attested by development of metabolic alkalosis and decreased urinary bicarbonate excretion in response to this challenge.	Bicarbonates	140-151	insulin receptor-related receptor	Mus musculus	14-17
21641549-9	2011	We therefore postulate that IRR is an alkali sensor that functions in the kidney to manage metabolic bicarbonate excess.	Bicarbonates	101-112	insulin receptor-related receptor	Mus musculus	28-31
21652558-1	2011	Recent advances in basic science have greatly expanded our understanding of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the chloride and bicarbonate channel that is encoded by the gene, which is mutated in patients with CF.	Bicarbonates	162-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-136
21652558-1	2011	Recent advances in basic science have greatly expanded our understanding of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the chloride and bicarbonate channel that is encoded by the gene, which is mutated in patients with CF.	Bicarbonates	162-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
21805424-4	2011	The defective gene is SLC26A3, which encodes a Na-independent CL/HCO3 exchanger that is expressed primarily in the apical brush border membrane of ileal enterocytes and colonic epithelium.	Bicarbonates	65-69	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	22-29
21413028-3	2011	We addressed the mechanism by which cells manage this acid load by measuring intracellular pH (pHi) in non-transformed osteoblasts in response to weak acid or bicarbonate loading.	Bicarbonates	159-170	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	95-98
21593314-3	2011	Here we show that steady-state pH and acid extrusion were diminished in cultured hippocampal neurons of mice with a targeted disruption of the Na(+)-driven Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger Slc4a8.	Bicarbonates	162-168	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	182-188
21423149-8	2011	Unexpectedly, OST1 loss-of-function alleles showed strongly impaired CO(2)-induced stomatal closing and HCO(3)(-) activation of anion channels.	Bicarbonates	104-110	ribophorin I	Homo sapiens	14-18
21531337-0	2011	Thiazolidinediones enhance sodium-coupled bicarbonate absorption from renal proximal tubules via PPARgamma-dependent nongenomic signaling.	Bicarbonates	42-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-106
21511235-6	2011	In the kidney, pendrin functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
21511235-7	2011	Elucidation of the molecular basis of Pendred syndrome and the function of pendrin has provided unexpected novel insights into the pathophysiology of the inner ear, thyroid hormone synthesis, and chloride/bicarbonate exchange in the kidney.	Bicarbonates	205-216	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	75-82
21256788-17	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Bicarbonate is physically compatible with esmolol, furosemide, heparin, insulin, morphine, nimodipine, nitroglycerin and urapidil and incompatible with amiodarone, cisatracurium, haloperidol, midazolam and thiopental.	Bicarbonates	13-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
21455263-1	2011	The bicarbonate/chloride exchanger 1 (AE1, Band 3) is abundantly expressed in the red blood cell membrane, where it is involved in gas exchange and functions as a major site of cytoskeletal attachment to the erythrocyte membrane.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-41
20500236-2	2011	Past work indicates that HCO(3) (-) is the initiating signal that the female reproductive tract contains the HCO(3) (-) -permeant anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and that mutations in CFTR cause subfertility in both sexes.	Bicarbonates	25-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	144-195
20500236-2	2011	Past work indicates that HCO(3) (-) is the initiating signal that the female reproductive tract contains the HCO(3) (-) -permeant anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and that mutations in CFTR cause subfertility in both sexes.	Bicarbonates	25-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	197-201
20500236-2	2011	Past work indicates that HCO(3) (-) is the initiating signal that the female reproductive tract contains the HCO(3) (-) -permeant anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and that mutations in CFTR cause subfertility in both sexes.	Bicarbonates	25-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	225-229
20500236-2	2011	Past work indicates that HCO(3) (-) is the initiating signal that the female reproductive tract contains the HCO(3) (-) -permeant anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and that mutations in CFTR cause subfertility in both sexes.	Bicarbonates	109-115	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	144-195
20500236-2	2011	Past work indicates that HCO(3) (-) is the initiating signal that the female reproductive tract contains the HCO(3) (-) -permeant anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and that mutations in CFTR cause subfertility in both sexes.	Bicarbonates	109-115	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	197-201
20500236-2	2011	Past work indicates that HCO(3) (-) is the initiating signal that the female reproductive tract contains the HCO(3) (-) -permeant anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and that mutations in CFTR cause subfertility in both sexes.	Bicarbonates	109-115	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	225-229
20500236-3	2011	In this study, we examined whether CFTR controls uterine HCO(3) (-) content and sperm responses to it.	Bicarbonates	57-65	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	35-39
20521252-2	2011	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) is a transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of cell-generated carbon dioxide into protons and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	147-158	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	0-22
20521252-2	2011	Carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) is a transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of cell-generated carbon dioxide into protons and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	147-158	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	24-29
21328463-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride channel critical to the regulation of fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate transport in epithelia and other cell types.	Bicarbonates	149-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
21300752-0	2011	Cytosolic H+ microdomain developed around AE1 during AE1-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	42-45
21300752-0	2011	Cytosolic H+ microdomain developed around AE1 during AE1-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	53-56
21300752-4	2011	As AE1 drives Cl-/HCO3- exchange, differences in pH, near and remote from AE1, were monitored by confocal microscopy using two pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins: deGFP4 (GFP) and mNectarine (mNect).	Bicarbonates	18-22	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	3-6
21300752-7	2011	As the GFP.AE1-mNect.hCNT3 distance increased, mNect.hCNT3 detected the Cl-/HCO3- exchange-associated cytosolic pH change with a time delay and reduced rate of pH change compared to GFP.AE1.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	7-14
21300752-7	2011	As the GFP.AE1-mNect.hCNT3 distance increased, mNect.hCNT3 detected the Cl-/HCO3- exchange-associated cytosolic pH change with a time delay and reduced rate of pH change compared to GFP.AE1.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
21300752-7	2011	As the GFP.AE1-mNect.hCNT3 distance increased, mNect.hCNT3 detected the Cl-/HCO3- exchange-associated cytosolic pH change with a time delay and reduced rate of pH change compared to GFP.AE1.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	182-189
21300752-8	2011	We found that a H+ microdomain 0.3 mum in diameter forms around GFP.AE1 during physiological HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	93-97	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	64-71
21377369-2	2011	The new enzyme, denominated lwCA, has a catalytic activity for the physiologic CO(2) hydration to bicarbonate reaction, similar to that of the high activity human isoform hCA II, with a k(cat) of 1.1x10(6) s(-1), and a k(cat)/K(m) of 1.4x10(8) M(-1) s(-1).	Bicarbonates	98-109	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	171-177
21148428-9	2011	Bicarbonate-sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signaling was modulated by PDE1C, which is critical in collagen I degradation in VSMCs.	Bicarbonates	0-11	phosphodiesterase 1C	Homo sapiens	79-84
21224720-7	2011	These results indicate that a bicarbonate transport metabolon proposed for the interaction between CAII and NBCe1 does not work at least in Xenopus oocytes.	Bicarbonates	30-41	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	99-103
21224720-7	2011	These results indicate that a bicarbonate transport metabolon proposed for the interaction between CAII and NBCe1 does not work at least in Xenopus oocytes.	Bicarbonates	30-41	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	108-113
21317537-2	2011	Secretion of ductal fluid and HCO(3)(-) in secretory glands is fueled by Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransport mediated by basolateral solute carrier family 4 member 4 (NBCe1-B) and by Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange mediated by luminal solute carrier family 26, member 6 (Slc26a6) and CFTR.	Bicarbonates	30-36	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	125-157
21317537-2	2011	Secretion of ductal fluid and HCO(3)(-) in secretory glands is fueled by Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransport mediated by basolateral solute carrier family 4 member 4 (NBCe1-B) and by Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange mediated by luminal solute carrier family 26, member 6 (Slc26a6) and CFTR.	Bicarbonates	30-36	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	220-254
21317537-2	2011	Secretion of ductal fluid and HCO(3)(-) in secretory glands is fueled by Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransport mediated by basolateral solute carrier family 4 member 4 (NBCe1-B) and by Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange mediated by luminal solute carrier family 26, member 6 (Slc26a6) and CFTR.	Bicarbonates	30-36	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	256-263
21317537-2	2011	Secretion of ductal fluid and HCO(3)(-) in secretory glands is fueled by Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransport mediated by basolateral solute carrier family 4 member 4 (NBCe1-B) and by Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange mediated by luminal solute carrier family 26, member 6 (Slc26a6) and CFTR.	Bicarbonates	30-36	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	269-273
21317537-9	2011	These findings stress the pivotal role of IRBIT in epithelial fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion and provide a molecular mechanism by which IRBIT coordinates these processes.	Bicarbonates	72-78	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1	Mus musculus	42-47
21317537-9	2011	These findings stress the pivotal role of IRBIT in epithelial fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion and provide a molecular mechanism by which IRBIT coordinates these processes.	Bicarbonates	72-78	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1	Mus musculus	135-140
21185865-5	2011	The effects on HCO(3)(-) secretion and PGE(2) production are inhibited by indomethacin [nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor] and SC-560 (selective COX-1 inhibitor) but not rofecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor).	Bicarbonates	15-21	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	155-160
21185865-5	2011	The effects on HCO(3)(-) secretion and PGE(2) production are inhibited by indomethacin [nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor] and SC-560 (selective COX-1 inhibitor) but not rofecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor).	Bicarbonates	15-21	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	201-206
21328463-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride channel critical to the regulation of fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate transport in epithelia and other cell types.	Bicarbonates	149-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
21224233-3	2011	NBCe1 (SLC4A4) is electrogenic because it has an apparent Na+:HCO3- stoichiometry of 1:2 or 1:3, whereas NBCn1 (SLC4A7) is electroneutral because it has an apparent stoichiometry of 1:1.	Bicarbonates	62-66	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	7-13
21145876-1	2011	The rate limiting step in catalysis of bicarbonate dehydration by human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is an intramolecular proton transfer from His64 to the zinc-bound hydroxide.	Bicarbonates	39-50	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	72-93
21073444-2	2011	Pendrin is highly expressed in kidney collecting ducts, where it acts as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger and thereby contributes to the regulation of acid-base homoeostasis and blood pressure.	Bicarbonates	84-95	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
21073444-5	2011	Combining measurements of pendrin activity with mathematical modelling we found that its affinity for Cl-, HCO3- and OH- varies with intracellular pH, with increased activity at low intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	107-111	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	26-33
20969732-0	2011	Functional activity of Pat-1 (Slc26a6) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange in the lower villus epithelium of murine duodenum.	Bicarbonates	45-52	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	23-28
21123735-9	2011	Similarly, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c release were reduced by HCO(3)(-) and enhanced by 2HE or siRNA.	Bicarbonates	71-77	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	11-20
21123735-9	2011	Similarly, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c release were reduced by HCO(3)(-) and enhanced by 2HE or siRNA.	Bicarbonates	71-77	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	34-46
21123735-11	2011	Relative levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein and phosphorylated Bcl-2 were decreased in CEC treated with 2HE or siRNA, suggesting that HCO(3)(-)-dependent endogenous sAC activity can mobilize antiapoptotic signal transduction.	Bicarbonates	162-168	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	91-96
21068358-3	2011	Ex vivo (36)Cl(-) fluxes and microfluorometry revealed that cecal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange was abolished in the Dra KO without concordant changes in short-circuit current.	Bicarbonates	72-78	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	112-115
21068358-6	2011	Oocyte studies demonstrated that Dra-mediated exchange of intracellular Cl(-) for extracellular HCO(3)(-) is accompanied by slow hyperpolarization and a modest outward current, but that the steady-state current-voltage relationship is unaffected by Cl(-) removal or pharmacological blockade.	Bicarbonates	96-102	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	33-36
21068358-9	2011	Thus, participation of Dra in coupled NaCl absorption and in uncoupled HCO(3)(-) secretion remains compatible with electroneutrality of these processes, and with the utility of electroneutral transport models for predicting epithelial responses in health and disease.	Bicarbonates	71-77	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	23-26
21268155-4	2011	The dissociation constants for Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) binding were sensitive to the presence of added bicarbonate, and were 450 muM (Ca(2+)) and 200 muM (Zn(2+)) in serum.	Bicarbonates	97-108	latexin	Homo sapiens	123-126
21268155-4	2011	The dissociation constants for Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) binding were sensitive to the presence of added bicarbonate, and were 450 muM (Ca(2+)) and 200 muM (Zn(2+)) in serum.	Bicarbonates	97-108	latexin	Homo sapiens	144-147
21093426-2	2011	We recently found that genistein stimulates murine duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	60-66	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	141-145
21093426-10	2011	Estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI182,780, also markedly inhibited genistein-stimulated duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion and genistein-induced PI3K activity increase in duodenal mucosa.	Bicarbonates	96-102	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	0-17
21050846-2	2011	These effects have been shown to be produced by the complexation of EDA with bicarbonate to form a carbamate.	Bicarbonates	77-88	ectodysplasin-A	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
20726845-0	2011	Apelin stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion: feeding-dependent and mediated via apelin-induced release of enteric cholecystokinin.	Bicarbonates	31-42	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
20726845-0	2011	Apelin stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion: feeding-dependent and mediated via apelin-induced release of enteric cholecystokinin.	Bicarbonates	31-42	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
20726845-9	2011	RESULTS: Even the lowest dose of apelin-13 (6 pmol kg-1 h-1) caused a significant rise in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	90-101	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
20726845-12	2011	Apelin induced significant release of CCK from both mucosal and STC-1 cells, and the CCK(A) receptor antagonist devazepide abolished bicarbonate secretory responses to apelin.	Bicarbonates	133-144	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	85-100
20726845-12	2011	Apelin induced significant release of CCK from both mucosal and STC-1 cells, and the CCK(A) receptor antagonist devazepide abolished bicarbonate secretory responses to apelin.	Bicarbonates	133-144	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	168-174
20969732-0	2011	Functional activity of Pat-1 (Slc26a6) Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange in the lower villus epithelium of murine duodenum.	Bicarbonates	45-52	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	30-37
20969732-8	2011	RESULTS: During glucose absorption, Cl(-)(IN)/HCO3(-) (OUT) exchange in the lower villus epithelium was abolished in the Dra KO and unaffected in the Pat-1 KO relative to WT.	Bicarbonates	46-50	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	121-124
20969732-9	2011	However, during electroneutral mannose absorption or electrogenic alpha-D-methyl glucoside absorption, Cl(-)(IN) /HCO3(-) (OUT) exchange was reduced in both Pat-1 KO and Dra KO villi.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	157-162
20969732-10	2011	Exposure to high [K(+)] abolished Cl(-)(IN) /HCO3(-) (OUT) exchange in the Dra KO but not the Dra/Cftr double KO epithelium, suggesting that Pat-1 activity is little affected by membrane depolarization except in the presence of Cftr.	Bicarbonates	45-49	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	75-78
20969732-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic and electrogenic activity of glucose transport obscures Cl(-)(IN) /HCO3(-) (OUT) exchange activity of Pat-1 in the lower villus.	Bicarbonates	94-98	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	129-134
20969732-12	2011	The inhibitory effects of membrane depolarization on Pat-1 Cl(-)(IN) /HCO3(-) (OUT) exchange may require concurrent membrane association with Cftr.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	53-58
21358184-6	2011	SLC26A4 encodes the pendrin polypeptide, an anion exchanger that, in recombinant expression systems, transports chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Bicarbonates	122-133	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
20969732-12	2011	The inhibitory effects of membrane depolarization on Pat-1 Cl(-)(IN) /HCO3(-) (OUT) exchange may require concurrent membrane association with Cftr.	Bicarbonates	70-74	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	142-146
21358184-6	2011	SLC26A4 encodes the pendrin polypeptide, an anion exchanger that, in recombinant expression systems, transports chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Bicarbonates	122-133	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	20-27
22116364-2	2011	This review focuses on the regulation of blood pressure (BP) by pendrin, an apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger which mediates HCO(3)(-) secretion and transcellular Cl(-) transport in type B intercalated cells (B-ICs) of the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	89-95	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	64-71
22116359-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pendrin is a multifunctional anion transporter that exchanges chloride and iodide in the thyroid, as well as chloride and bicarbonate in the inner ear, kidney and airways.	Bicarbonates	134-145	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	12-19
20926782-0	2011	Regulation of CFTR chloride channel macroscopic conductance by extracellular bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	77-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
20926782-1	2011	The CFTR contributes to Cl- and HCO3- transport across epithelial cell apical membranes.	Bicarbonates	32-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
20926782-2	2011	The extracellular face of CFTR is exposed to varying concentrations of Cl- and HCO3- in epithelial tissues, and there is evidence that CFTR is sensitive to changes in extracellular anion concentrations.	Bicarbonates	79-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
20926782-2	2011	The extracellular face of CFTR is exposed to varying concentrations of Cl- and HCO3- in epithelial tissues, and there is evidence that CFTR is sensitive to changes in extracellular anion concentrations.	Bicarbonates	79-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
20926782-3	2011	Here we present functional evidence that extracellular Cl- and HCO3- regulate anion conduction in open CFTR channels.	Bicarbonates	63-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
20926782-4	2011	Using cell-attached and inside-out patch-clamp recordings from constitutively active mutant E1371Q-CFTR channels, we show that voltage-dependent inhibition of CFTR currents in intact cells is significantly stronger when the extracellular solution contains HCO3- than when it contains Cl-.	Bicarbonates	256-260	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
20926782-4	2011	Using cell-attached and inside-out patch-clamp recordings from constitutively active mutant E1371Q-CFTR channels, we show that voltage-dependent inhibition of CFTR currents in intact cells is significantly stronger when the extracellular solution contains HCO3- than when it contains Cl-.	Bicarbonates	256-260	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	159-163
20926782-6	2011	Strong block by endogenous cytosolic anions leading to reduced CFTR channel currents in intact cells occurs at physiologically relevant HCO3- concentrations and membrane potentials and can result in up to ~50% inhibition of current amplitude.	Bicarbonates	136-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	63-67
22116353-1	2011	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Bicarbonates	156-167	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
22116360-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pendrin is a transport protein exchanging chloride for other anions, such as iodide in the thyroid gland or bicarbonate in the inner ear.	Bicarbonates	120-131	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	12-19
22116362-10	2011	Moreover, another role of pendrin in mediating Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange and controlling luminal pH is suggested.	Bicarbonates	53-62	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	26-33
22116363-1	2011	The anion exchanger pendrin (Pds, SLC26A4) transports various anions including bicarbonate, chloride and iodide.	Bicarbonates	79-90	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	20-27
22116370-0	2011	Impact of bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, and acetazolamide on hepatic and renal SLC26A4 expression.	Bicarbonates	10-21	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	81-88
22116363-1	2011	The anion exchanger pendrin (Pds, SLC26A4) transports various anions including bicarbonate, chloride and iodide.	Bicarbonates	79-90	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	34-41
22116363-2	2011	In the kidney, pendrin is exclusively expressed on the luminal pole of bicarbonate-secretory type B intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	71-82	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	15-22
22116353-1	2011	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Bicarbonates	156-167	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-16
22116353-1	2011	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Bicarbonates	156-167	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
22116363-3	2011	Genetic ablation of pendrin in mice abolishes luminal chloride-bicarbonate exchanger activity from type B intercalated cells suggesting that pendrin is the apical bicarbonate extruding pathway.	Bicarbonates	63-74	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	20-27
22116363-3	2011	Genetic ablation of pendrin in mice abolishes luminal chloride-bicarbonate exchanger activity from type B intercalated cells suggesting that pendrin is the apical bicarbonate extruding pathway.	Bicarbonates	163-174	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	20-27
22116363-3	2011	Genetic ablation of pendrin in mice abolishes luminal chloride-bicarbonate exchanger activity from type B intercalated cells suggesting that pendrin is the apical bicarbonate extruding pathway.	Bicarbonates	163-174	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	141-148
22116370-1	2011	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a transporter exchanging anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Bicarbonates	75-86	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
22116370-1	2011	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a transporter exchanging anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Bicarbonates	75-86	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	16-23
22116370-3	2011	In the kidney, pendrin is expressed in the distal nephron and accomplishes HCO(3)(-) secretion and Cl(-) reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	75-81	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	15-22
21525720-5	2011	These qPCR data im- ply that there is a greater demand for Cl(-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) transport during the maturation stage of enamel formation, and that this is, at least in part, provided by changes in Cftr and AE2 expression.	Bicarbonates	69-80	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	207-211
21525720-5	2011	These qPCR data im- ply that there is a greater demand for Cl(-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) transport during the maturation stage of enamel formation, and that this is, at least in part, provided by changes in Cftr and AE2 expression.	Bicarbonates	82-86	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	207-211
20977904-0	2011	Combined bicarbonate conductance-impairing variants in CFTR and SPINK1 variants are associated with chronic pancreatitis in patients without cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	9-20	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
21691115-1	2011	The essential anion exchanger (AE) involved in biliary bicarbonate secretion is AE2/SLC4A2, a membrane protein which has also been recognized to be relevant for the regulation of the intracellular pH (pH(i)) in several cell types.	Bicarbonates	55-66	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	80-83
21691115-1	2011	The essential anion exchanger (AE) involved in biliary bicarbonate secretion is AE2/SLC4A2, a membrane protein which has also been recognized to be relevant for the regulation of the intracellular pH (pH(i)) in several cell types.	Bicarbonates	55-66	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	84-90
20977904-2	2011	In individuals without cystic fibrosis (CF), variants of CFTR that inhibit bicarbonate conductance but maintain chloride conductance might selectively impair secretion of pancreatic juice, leading to trypsin activation and pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	75-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
20977904-10	2011	Patch-clamp recordings of cells that expressed CFTR p.R75Q showed normal chloride currents but significantly reduced bicarbonate currents (P = .0001).	Bicarbonates	117-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
20977904-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The CFTR variant p.R75Q causes a selective defect in bicarbonate conductance and increases risk of pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	66-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
22432323-5	2011	The effect of a large amount of competing anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate on the adsorption systems of As(V) and phosphate anions was investigated.	Bicarbonates	67-78	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	121-126
21520803-5	2011	Experiments were also conducted within the temperature of 15-30 degrees C to find various global rate coefficients of the reaction to calculate the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the empirical Arrhenius form of the bicarbonate removal reaction, which are 197.7 kJ/mol and 3.13 x 10(34) (mol(-3.7) x L(3.7) x sec(-1)), respectively.	Bicarbonates	236-247	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	329-335
21056571-1	2011	The AE3 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger is abundantly expressed in the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes, where it mediates Cl(-)-uptake and HCO(3)(-)-extrusion.	Bicarbonates	14-20	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	4-7
21056571-2	2011	Inhibition of AE3-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange has been suggested to protect against cardiac hypertrophy; however, other studies indicate that AE3 might be necessary for optimal cardiac function.	Bicarbonates	33-39	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	14-17
21594803-8	2011	It is therefore essential to assay bicarbonate transport when studying the effect of small molecules on CFTR function.	Bicarbonates	35-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
21594803-9	2011	However, due to the chaotropic nature of the ion, the measurement of the absolute bicarbonate concentration and its permeability through CFTR is far from trivial.	Bicarbonates	82-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
21594802-2	2011	CFTR functions as an ATP-gated, phosphorylation-regulated Cl- channel that mediates agonist-stimulated apical membrane epithelial Cl- and bicarbonate secretion and also regulates a variety of other transport proteins and cellular processes.	Bicarbonates	138-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
21931667-2	2011	Recent study demonstrated that bicarbonate is a small-molecule activator of SLAC1.	Bicarbonates	31-42	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-81
21594803-0	2011	How to measure CFTR-dependent bicarbonate transport: from single channels to the intact epithelium.	Bicarbonates	30-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
22194894-1	2011	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Secretin induces bicarbonate-rich hydrocholeresis in healthy individuals, but not in untreated patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).	Bicarbonates	40-51	secretin	Homo sapiens	23-31
22194894-12	2011	Gene silencing also demonstrated the involvement of the bicarbonate extruder Ae2.	Bicarbonates	56-67	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
21082368-7	2011	CSF formation occurs by basolateral carrier-mediated uptake of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3-, followed by apical release via ion channel conductance and osmotic flow of water through AQP1 channels.	Bicarbonates	77-81	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
21931667-4	2011	Based on the SLAC1 structure a theoretical model is derived to illustrate the activation of bicarbonate to SLAC1 channel.	Bicarbonates	92-103	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-18
21931667-4	2011	Based on the SLAC1 structure a theoretical model is derived to illustrate the activation of bicarbonate to SLAC1 channel.	Bicarbonates	92-103	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	107-112
21887217-0	2011	Sodium coupled bicarbonate influx regulates intracellular and apical pH in cultured rat caput epididymal epithelium.	Bicarbonates	15-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	69-71
21887217-9	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that sodium coupled bicarbonate influx regulates intracellular and apical pH in cultured caput epididymal epithelium.	Bicarbonates	57-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	111-113
21829686-5	2011	By an immunocytochemistry approach it was shown that the Met-AEA inhibits the bicarbonate-dependent translocation of CB1R from the post-equatorial to equatorial region of sperm head.	Bicarbonates	78-89	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
21829686-6	2011	In addition it was found that Met-AEA is able to prevent the bicarbonate-induced increase in membrane disorder and the cholesterol extraction, both preliminary to capacitation, acting through a CB1R-cAMP mediated pathway, as indicated by MC540 and filipin staining, EPR spectroscopy and biochemical analysis on whole membranes (CB1R activity) and on membrane enriched fraction (C/P content and anisotropy).	Bicarbonates	61-72	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	194-198
21829686-6	2011	In addition it was found that Met-AEA is able to prevent the bicarbonate-induced increase in membrane disorder and the cholesterol extraction, both preliminary to capacitation, acting through a CB1R-cAMP mediated pathway, as indicated by MC540 and filipin staining, EPR spectroscopy and biochemical analysis on whole membranes (CB1R activity) and on membrane enriched fraction (C/P content and anisotropy).	Bicarbonates	61-72	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	328-332
21625623-4	2011	The involvement of CFTR in HCO(3) (-) transport and the expression of the HCO(3) (-) sensor, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), are demonstrated for the first time in the primary culture of rat Sertoli cells.	Bicarbonates	27-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
20947140-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: SLC4A1 associated changes of HCO(3)(-) and pH levels influenced the cellular oxalate levels and urinary oxalate clearance.	Bicarbonates	42-48	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-19
21625623-4	2011	The involvement of CFTR in HCO(3) (-) transport and the expression of the HCO(3) (-) sensor, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), are demonstrated for the first time in the primary culture of rat Sertoli cells.	Bicarbonates	74-80	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	93-117
21625623-4	2011	The involvement of CFTR in HCO(3) (-) transport and the expression of the HCO(3) (-) sensor, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), are demonstrated for the first time in the primary culture of rat Sertoli cells.	Bicarbonates	74-80	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
21106755-1	2010	Our previous studies of microperfused single proximal tubule showed that flow-dependent Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption is due to a modulation of both NHE3 and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity.	Bicarbonates	98-104	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	152-156
20890298-4	2010	The source of substrate for CAIX catalysis is likely to be CO2, generated by adequately oxygenated mitochondria or from the titration of metabolic acids with HCO3- taken up from the extracellular milieu.	Bicarbonates	158-162	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	28-32
21106755-1	2010	Our previous studies of microperfused single proximal tubule showed that flow-dependent Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption is due to a modulation of both NHE3 and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity.	Bicarbonates	98-104	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	161-181
21106755-1	2010	Our previous studies of microperfused single proximal tubule showed that flow-dependent Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption is due to a modulation of both NHE3 and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity.	Bicarbonates	98-104	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	183-191
21179203-8	2010	The removal of lactic acid from the lumen of T tubuli towards the interstitial space involves a CO2-HCO3- diffusional shuttle that is maintained cooperatively by CAIX within the T tubule and, besides CAXIV, by the CAIV, which is strategically located at the opening of the T tubules.	Bicarbonates	100-104	carbonic anhydrase 9	Mus musculus	162-166
21098262-8	2010	Because previous studies suggested that the conversion of beta- to alpha-intercalated cells is a manifestation of terminal differentiation, the present results demonstrate that this differentiation proceeds from HCO(3) secreting to acid secreting phenotypes, a process that requires deposition of hensin in the ECM.	Bicarbonates	212-218	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Mus musculus	297-303
20926781-0	2010	Role of epithelial HCO3- transport in mucin secretion: lessons from cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	19-23	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	38-43
20884887-13	2010	Our results demonstrate that NPY modulates Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity by enhancing the association of DRA with lipid rafts, thereby resulting in an increase in Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	47-51	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	29-32
20884887-13	2010	Our results demonstrate that NPY modulates Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity by enhancing the association of DRA with lipid rafts, thereby resulting in an increase in Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	108-111
20884887-13	2010	Our results demonstrate that NPY modulates Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity by enhancing the association of DRA with lipid rafts, thereby resulting in an increase in Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	170-174	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	29-32
20884887-13	2010	Our results demonstrate that NPY modulates Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity by enhancing the association of DRA with lipid rafts, thereby resulting in an increase in Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	170-174	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	108-111
21145458-6	2010	CFTR-(/)- epithelia showed markedly reduced Cl- and HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	52-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
21145458-9	2010	These results indicate that CFTR provides the predominant transcellular pathway for Cl- and HCO3- in porcine airway epithelia, and reduced anion permeability may initiate CF airway disease.	Bicarbonates	92-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
21143847-13	2010	CONCLUSION: In vitro experiments by other groups indicated that CA1 catalyzes the generation of HCO3- through the hydration of CO2, which then combines with Ca2+ to form a CaCO3 precipitate.	Bicarbonates	96-100	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
21151921-0	2010	A host defense mechanism involving CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion in bacterial prostatitis.	Bicarbonates	49-60	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
21151921-3	2010	Here we reported the involvement of CFTR, a cAMP-activated anion channel conducting both Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-), in mediating prostate HCO(3)(-) secretion and its possible role in bacterial killing.	Bicarbonates	99-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
21151921-8	2010	The relevance of the CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion in humans was demonstrated by the upregulated expression of CFTR and CAII in human prostatitis tissues.	Bicarbonates	35-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-25
21151921-8	2010	The relevance of the CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion in humans was demonstrated by the upregulated expression of CFTR and CAII in human prostatitis tissues.	Bicarbonates	35-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	115-119
21151921-8	2010	The relevance of the CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion in humans was demonstrated by the upregulated expression of CFTR and CAII in human prostatitis tissues.	Bicarbonates	35-41	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	124-128
21151921-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The CFTR and its mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion may be up-regulated in prostatitis as a host defense mechanism.	Bicarbonates	52-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
20884887-3	2010	The present studies were designed to examine the direct effects of NPY on apical Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity and the underlying mechanisms involved utilizing Caco2 cells.	Bicarbonates	85-89	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	67-70
20884887-4	2010	Our results showed that NPY (100 nM, 30 min) significantly increased Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity (~2-fold).	Bicarbonates	73-77	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	24-27
20884887-6	2010	NPY-mediated stimulation of Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity involved the ERK1/2 MAP kinase-dependent pathway.	Bicarbonates	32-36	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	0-3
20884887-6	2010	NPY-mediated stimulation of Cl-/HCO3-(OH-) exchange activity involved the ERK1/2 MAP kinase-dependent pathway.	Bicarbonates	32-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	74-80
20738256-4	2010	Further molecular and biochemical analyses showed that heterologously expressed GC-G protein, specifically the C-terminal cyclase domain, was directly stimulated by bicarbonate in both in vivo cellular cGMP accumulation assays in human embryonic kidney-293T cells and in vitro GC assays with a purified recombinant protein containing the GC domain.	Bicarbonates	165-176	glucagon	Homo sapiens	80-84
20738256-5	2010	In addition, overexpression of GC-G in NG108 neuronal cells resulted in a CO2-dependent increase in cellular cGMP level that could be blocked by treatment with acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases, which implies that the stimulatory effect of CO2 requires its conversion to bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	288-299	glucagon	Homo sapiens	31-35
20738256-6	2010	Together, our data demonstrate a novel CO2/bicarbonate-dependent activation mechanism for GC-G and suggest that GC-G may be involved in a wide variety of CO2/bicarbonate-regulated biological processes such as the chemosensory function in Grueneberg ganglion neurons.	Bicarbonates	43-54	glucagon	Homo sapiens	90-94
20738256-6	2010	Together, our data demonstrate a novel CO2/bicarbonate-dependent activation mechanism for GC-G and suggest that GC-G may be involved in a wide variety of CO2/bicarbonate-regulated biological processes such as the chemosensory function in Grueneberg ganglion neurons.	Bicarbonates	43-54	glucagon	Homo sapiens	112-116
20738256-6	2010	Together, our data demonstrate a novel CO2/bicarbonate-dependent activation mechanism for GC-G and suggest that GC-G may be involved in a wide variety of CO2/bicarbonate-regulated biological processes such as the chemosensory function in Grueneberg ganglion neurons.	Bicarbonates	158-169	glucagon	Homo sapiens	90-94
20738256-6	2010	Together, our data demonstrate a novel CO2/bicarbonate-dependent activation mechanism for GC-G and suggest that GC-G may be involved in a wide variety of CO2/bicarbonate-regulated biological processes such as the chemosensory function in Grueneberg ganglion neurons.	Bicarbonates	158-169	glucagon	Homo sapiens	112-116
21179203-8	2010	The removal of lactic acid from the lumen of T tubuli towards the interstitial space involves a CO2-HCO3- diffusional shuttle that is maintained cooperatively by CAIX within the T tubule and, besides CAXIV, by the CAIV, which is strategically located at the opening of the T tubules.	Bicarbonates	100-104	carbonic anhydrase 14	Mus musculus	200-205
21179203-8	2010	The removal of lactic acid from the lumen of T tubuli towards the interstitial space involves a CO2-HCO3- diffusional shuttle that is maintained cooperatively by CAIX within the T tubule and, besides CAXIV, by the CAIV, which is strategically located at the opening of the T tubules.	Bicarbonates	100-104	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	214-218
21104238-0	2010	Bicarbonate induces membrane reorganization and CBR1 and TRPV1 endocannabinoid receptor migration in lipid microdomains in capacitating boar spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	0-11	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
20300845-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The low densities of secretin and CCK cells in IBS-diarrhea patients may cause a functional pancreatic insufficiency as well as inadequate gall emptying, as these hormones stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate and enzyme secretion and CCK stimulates as well gall bladder contraction.	Bicarbonates	206-217	secretin	Homo sapiens	34-42
20300845-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The low densities of secretin and CCK cells in IBS-diarrhea patients may cause a functional pancreatic insufficiency as well as inadequate gall emptying, as these hormones stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate and enzyme secretion and CCK stimulates as well gall bladder contraction.	Bicarbonates	206-217	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	47-50
21104238-4	2010	In fact, bicarbonate exposed sperm (ES) cells, compared with ejaculated spermatozoa (nonexposed sperm [nES] cells), displayed an increase in protein DRM content and, in particular, in Cav-1 and CD55, markers of caveolae and lipid rafts, as well in acrosin-2, a marker of the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM).	Bicarbonates	9-20	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	184-189
21104238-4	2010	In fact, bicarbonate exposed sperm (ES) cells, compared with ejaculated spermatozoa (nonexposed sperm [nES] cells), displayed an increase in protein DRM content and, in particular, in Cav-1 and CD55, markers of caveolae and lipid rafts, as well in acrosin-2, a marker of the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM).	Bicarbonates	9-20	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	194-198
20828148-0	2010	Distance measurements within a concatamer of the plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	86-89
20933433-1	2010	In maize, carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyzes the first reaction of the C(4) photosynthetic pathway; it catalyzes the hydration of CO(2) to bicarbonate and provides an inorganic carbon source for the primary carboxylation reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	150-161	carbonic anhydrase	Zea mays	10-28
20933433-1	2010	In maize, carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyzes the first reaction of the C(4) photosynthetic pathway; it catalyzes the hydration of CO(2) to bicarbonate and provides an inorganic carbon source for the primary carboxylation reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	150-161	carbonic anhydrase	Zea mays	30-32
21124840-0	2010	Role of carbonic anhydrase IV in the bicarbonate-mediated activation of murine and human sperm.	Bicarbonates	37-48	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	8-29
21124840-12	2010	We show, for the first time, a physiological role of CA IV that supplies sperm with HCO(3) (-), which is necessary for stimulation of sAC and hence early activation of spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	84-90	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	53-58
20828148-1	2010	AE1, which exists in the erythrocyte plasma membrane as a noncovalent dimer, facilitates transmembrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	107-111	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
20828148-3	2010	The concatameric protein (AE1 AE1) was expressed at the plasma membrane at levels similar to that of wild-type AE1 and had Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type AE1.	Bicarbonates	127-131	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-29
20828148-3	2010	The concatameric protein (AE1 AE1) was expressed at the plasma membrane at levels similar to that of wild-type AE1 and had Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type AE1.	Bicarbonates	127-131	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-33
20828148-3	2010	The concatameric protein (AE1 AE1) was expressed at the plasma membrane at levels similar to that of wild-type AE1 and had Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type AE1.	Bicarbonates	127-131	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-33
20828148-3	2010	The concatameric protein (AE1 AE1) was expressed at the plasma membrane at levels similar to that of wild-type AE1 and had Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type AE1.	Bicarbonates	127-131	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-33
20966128-0	2010	Pendrin modulates ENaC function by changing luminal HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	52-56	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
20966128-0	2010	Pendrin modulates ENaC function by changing luminal HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	52-56	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	18-22
21170868-3	2010	In type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells, Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion are accomplished through the apical Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, pendrin.	Bicarbonates	66-70	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	155-162
20966128-4	2010	We gave aldosterone and NaHCO(3) to increase pendrin-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion within the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct, or gave aldosterone and NaHCO(3) plus acetazolamide to increase luminal HCO(3)(-) concentration, [HCO(3)(-)], independent of pendrin.	Bicarbonates	63-69	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	45-52
20966128-4	2010	We gave aldosterone and NaHCO(3) to increase pendrin-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion within the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct, or gave aldosterone and NaHCO(3) plus acetazolamide to increase luminal HCO(3)(-) concentration, [HCO(3)(-)], independent of pendrin.	Bicarbonates	63-69	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	45-52
20966128-5	2010	Following treatment with aldosterone and NaHCO(3), pendrin-null mice had lower urinary pH and [HCO(3)(-)] as well as lower renal ENaC abundance and function than wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	43-49	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	51-58
20966128-7	2010	We explored whether [HCO(3)(-)] directly alters ENaC abundance and function in cultured mouse principal cells (mpkCCD).	Bicarbonates	21-30	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	48-52
20966128-8	2010	Amiloride-sensitive current and ENaC abundance rose with increased [HCO(3)(-)] on the apical or the basolateral side, independent of the substituting anion.	Bicarbonates	68-77	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	32-36
20966128-9	2010	However, ENaC was more sensitive to changes in [HCO(3)(-)] on the basolateral side of the monolayer.	Bicarbonates	48-57	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	9-13
20966128-10	2010	Moreover, increasing [HCO(3)(-)] on the apical and basolateral side of Xenopus kidney cells increased both ENaC channel density and channel activity.	Bicarbonates	22-31	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	107-111
20966128-11	2010	We conclude that pendrin modulates ENaC abundance and function, at least in part by increasing luminal [HCO(3)(-)] and/or pH.	Bicarbonates	104-111	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	17-24
20966128-11	2010	We conclude that pendrin modulates ENaC abundance and function, at least in part by increasing luminal [HCO(3)(-)] and/or pH.	Bicarbonates	104-111	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	35-39
21170890-6	2010	Dominant and recessive forms of dRTA are also caused by loss-of-function mutations in the basolateral membrane AE1 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger of the type A intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	119-123	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-114
21170868-7	2010	Instead, pendrin changes ENaC abundance and function, at least in part, by altering luminal HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	9-16
20713918-4	2010	NHE-1 activity was assessed by the rate of intracellular pH recovery from a sustained acidic load in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	116-127	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20833140-1	2010	Kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) exchange at the basolateral membrane of kidney alpha-intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	60-71	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	26-30
20833140-1	2010	Kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) exchange at the basolateral membrane of kidney alpha-intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	73-77	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	26-30
20833140-2	2010	Impaired trafficking of kAE1 leads to defect of the Cl-/HCO3- exchange at the basolateral membrane and failure of proton (H+) secretion at the apical membrane, causing a kidney disease--distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	56-60	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	24-28
21046483-2	2010	This analysis was conducted to determine whether bicarbonate supplementation, an alkalinizing treatment, improves insulin sensitivity or glucose control in non-diabetic older adults.	Bicarbonates	49-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
21046483-8	2010	Bicarbonate supplementation reduced net acid excretion (adjusted mean+-SEM for the change in NAE/creatinine, mmol/mmol, was 0.23+-0.22 in the no-bicarbonate group compared with -3.53+-0.22 in the bicarbonate group, P&lt;0.001) but had no effect on fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, or HOMA-IR.	Bicarbonates	0-11	insulin	Homo sapiens	278-285
20721884-3	2010	An intact interplay of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion, ATP/P2Y- and bile salt/TGR5-mediated Cl(-)/ HCO(3)(-) exchange and HCO(3)(-) secretion, and alkaline phosphatase-mediated ATP breakdown may guarantee a stable biliary HCO(3)(-) umbrella under physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	144-150	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
20721884-3	2010	An intact interplay of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion, ATP/P2Y- and bile salt/TGR5-mediated Cl(-)/ HCO(3)(-) exchange and HCO(3)(-) secretion, and alkaline phosphatase-mediated ATP breakdown may guarantee a stable biliary HCO(3)(-) umbrella under physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	167-173	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
20331543-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: the parecoxib-induced increase in luminal alkalinization is highly dependent on luminal Cl(-) and it is proposed that COX-2 inhibition, via induction of duodenal motility, enhances HCO(3) (-) efflux through stimulation of apical Cl(-) /HCO(3) (-) exchange in duodenal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	194-200	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
20331543-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: the parecoxib-induced increase in luminal alkalinization is highly dependent on luminal Cl(-) and it is proposed that COX-2 inhibition, via induction of duodenal motility, enhances HCO(3) (-) efflux through stimulation of apical Cl(-) /HCO(3) (-) exchange in duodenal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	249-255	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
20630932-4	2010	NHE3 function was measured as the rate of bicarbonate reabsorption by means of in vivo stationary microperfusion in PT from young prehypertensive SHR (Y-SHR; 5-wk-old), adult SHR (A-SHR; 14-wk-old), and age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
20630932-5	2010	We found that NHE3-mediated PT bicarbonate reabsorption was reduced with age in the SHR (1.08 +- 0.10 vs. 0.41 +- 0.04 nmol/cm(2)xs), while it was increased in the transition from youth to adulthood in the WKY rat (0.59 +- 0.05 vs. 1.26 +- 0.11 nmol/cm(2)xs).	Bicarbonates	31-42	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
20600836-0	2010	A ditryptophan cross-link is responsible for the covalent dimerization of human superoxide dismutase 1 during its bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity.	Bicarbonates	114-125	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	80-102
20639512-2	2010	Because apical HCO(3)(-) exchange depends on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), malfunctioning CFTR might impair sAC-mediated CBF regulation in cells from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).	Bicarbonates	15-21	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-96
20639512-2	2010	Because apical HCO(3)(-) exchange depends on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), malfunctioning CFTR might impair sAC-mediated CBF regulation in cells from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).	Bicarbonates	15-21	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	98-102
20639512-5	2010	Inhibition of bicarbonate influx via CFTR (CFTR(inh)172) and inhibition of sAC (KH7) and PKA activation (H89) led to larger CBF declines in normal cells, now comparable with changes seen in CF cells.	Bicarbonates	14-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
20639512-5	2010	Inhibition of bicarbonate influx via CFTR (CFTR(inh)172) and inhibition of sAC (KH7) and PKA activation (H89) led to larger CBF declines in normal cells, now comparable with changes seen in CF cells.	Bicarbonates	14-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-55
20600836-3	2010	For instance, the antioxidant enzyme human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSod1) has been reported to undergo non-disulfide covalent dimerization and further oligomerization during its bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity.	Bicarbonates	178-189	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	43-65
20471461-7	2010	The zinc/bicarbonate sympoters ZIP8 and 14 are expressed at the apical membrane of enterocytes and PTC, and can transport Cd into cells.	Bicarbonates	9-20	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	31-35
20600836-3	2010	For instance, the antioxidant enzyme human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSod1) has been reported to undergo non-disulfide covalent dimerization and further oligomerization during its bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity.	Bicarbonates	178-189	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
20554644-0	2010	Toll-like receptor 2 mediates inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by bacterial lipoprotein in medullary thick ascending limb.	Bicarbonates	44-50	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	0-20
20828399-6	2010	Immunoreactivity of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a hypoxia-inducible metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate, was used as an endogenous marker of hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	124-135	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	20-41
20828399-6	2010	Immunoreactivity of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a hypoxia-inducible metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate, was used as an endogenous marker of hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	124-135	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	43-48
20554644-2	2010	Recently, we demonstrated that HCO(3)(-) absorption by the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) is inhibited by gram-negative bacterial LPS through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).	Bicarbonates	31-37	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	163-183
20554644-2	2010	Recently, we demonstrated that HCO(3)(-) absorption by the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) is inhibited by gram-negative bacterial LPS through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).	Bicarbonates	31-37	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	185-189
20554644-8	2010	HCO(3)(-) absorption was also inhibited by the TLR2 agonists lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan, two cell wall components of gram-positive bacteria.	Bicarbonates	0-6	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	47-51
20554644-9	2010	The MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 eliminated inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by bath LPS but had no effect on inhibition by Pam(3)CSK(4).	Bicarbonates	53-59	midkine	Mus musculus	4-7
20554644-9	2010	The MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 eliminated inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by bath LPS but had no effect on inhibition by Pam(3)CSK(4).	Bicarbonates	53-59	Eph receptor B2	Mus musculus	8-11
20554644-12	2010	Thus, agonists of basolateral TLR2 and TLR4 inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption independently through distinct signaling pathways.	Bicarbonates	52-58	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	30-34
20554644-12	2010	Thus, agonists of basolateral TLR2 and TLR4 inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption independently through distinct signaling pathways.	Bicarbonates	52-58	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	39-43
20466559-1	2010	The effect of reversible removal of HCO(3)(-) on structural re-arrangements in the Mn-stabilizing protein (MSP) of photosystem II, isolated from pea leaves, was studied using measurements of characteristic alterations in fluorescence of hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS).	Bicarbonates	36-42	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	107-110
20566632-0	2010	Na+-dependent HCO3- import by the slc4a10 gene product involves Cl- export.	Bicarbonates	14-18	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	34-41
20566632-1	2010	The slc4a10 gene encodes an electroneutral Na(+)-dependent HCO(3)(-) importer for which the precise mode of action remains unsettled.	Bicarbonates	59-65	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	4-11
20430887-1	2010	The stability of the hemopexin-heme (Hx-heme) complex to dissociation of the heme prosthetic group has been examined in bicarbonate buffers in the presence and absence of various divalent metal ions.	Bicarbonates	120-131	hemopexin	Homo sapiens	21-30
20466943-0	2010	Segregation of Na/H exchanger-3 and Cl/HCO3 exchanger SLC26A3 (DRA) in rodent cecum and colon.	Bicarbonates	39-43	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	54-61
20398666-0	2010	Dynamic regulation of CFTR bicarbonate permeability by [Cl-]i and its role in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	27-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-26
20398666-0	2010	Dynamic regulation of CFTR bicarbonate permeability by [Cl-]i and its role in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	89-100	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-26
20398666-3	2010	Here, we report that a dynamic increase in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) HCO3- permeability by intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i)-sensitive mechanisms plays a pivotal role in pancreatic HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	106-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-98
20398666-3	2010	Here, we report that a dynamic increase in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) HCO3- permeability by intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i)-sensitive mechanisms plays a pivotal role in pancreatic HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	106-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
20398666-4	2010	METHODS: The role of [Cl-]i-sensitive kinases in CFTR-mediated HCO3- transport was examined in heterologous expression systems, PANC1 human pancreatic duct cells, and human and guinea pig pancreatic tissues using an integrated molecular and physiologic approach.	Bicarbonates	63-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	49-53
20398666-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the [Cl-]i-sensitive activation of the WNK1-OSR1/SPAK pathway is the molecular switch to generate HCO3--rich fluid in the human pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	139-143	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
20398666-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the [Cl-]i-sensitive activation of the WNK1-OSR1/SPAK pathway is the molecular switch to generate HCO3--rich fluid in the human pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	139-143	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
20398666-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the [Cl-]i-sensitive activation of the WNK1-OSR1/SPAK pathway is the molecular switch to generate HCO3--rich fluid in the human pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	139-143	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	90-94
20466559-3	2010	Since the effects are revealed at (sub)micromolar concentrations of HCO(3)(-), the specific high-affinity binding of HCO(3)(-) (or CO(2)) to MSP (required for its native structure preservation) is proposed.	Bicarbonates	68-74	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	141-144
20466559-3	2010	Since the effects are revealed at (sub)micromolar concentrations of HCO(3)(-), the specific high-affinity binding of HCO(3)(-) (or CO(2)) to MSP (required for its native structure preservation) is proposed.	Bicarbonates	117-123	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	141-144
20413716-0	2010	Damage to the gastric epithelium activates cellular bicarbonate secretion via SLC26A9 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	52-63	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	78-85
20375274-10	2010	We conclude that Slc26a4 (pendrin) deletion impairs the secretion of bicarbonate in vivo and reduces apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity in B-IC and non-A, non-B-IC cells in CCD.	Bicarbonates	69-80	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	17-24
20375274-10	2010	We conclude that Slc26a4 (pendrin) deletion impairs the secretion of bicarbonate in vivo and reduces apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity in B-IC and non-A, non-B-IC cells in CCD.	Bicarbonates	69-80	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	26-33
20413716-10	2010	We conclude that cellular HCO(3)(-) secretion, likely through SLC26A9, is the dominant mechanism whereby surface pH transiently increases in response to photodamage.	Bicarbonates	26-32	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	62-69
20406739-0	2010	Involvement of CFTR in oviductal HCO3- secretion and its effect on soluble adenylate cyclase-dependent early embryo development.	Bicarbonates	33-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
20375274-0	2010	Deletion of the anion exchanger Slc26a4 (pendrin) decreases apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity and impairs bicarbonate secretion in kidney collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	73-77	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	32-39
20375274-0	2010	Deletion of the anion exchanger Slc26a4 (pendrin) decreases apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity and impairs bicarbonate secretion in kidney collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	73-77	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	41-48
20375274-0	2010	Deletion of the anion exchanger Slc26a4 (pendrin) decreases apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity and impairs bicarbonate secretion in kidney collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	112-123	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	32-39
20375274-0	2010	Deletion of the anion exchanger Slc26a4 (pendrin) decreases apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity and impairs bicarbonate secretion in kidney collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	112-123	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	41-48
20375274-4	2010	Pendrin knockout (KO) mice display significantly acidic urine at baseline [pH 5.20 in KO vs. 6.01 in wild type (WT); P &lt; 0.0001] along with elevated serum HCO(3)(-) concentration (27.4 vs. 24 meq/l in KO vs. WT, respectively; P &lt; 0.02), consistent with decreased bicarbonate secretion in vivo.	Bicarbonates	269-280	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
20406739-6	2010	pH measurement showed a FSK stimulated alkalization at the apical surface, which could be inhibited by CFTR inhibitor, indicating CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	144-150	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
20406739-6	2010	pH measurement showed a FSK stimulated alkalization at the apical surface, which could be inhibited by CFTR inhibitor, indicating CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	144-150	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-134
20406739-2	2010	METHODS: In the present study, we investigated the expression of CFTR in porcine oviduct and its functional role in oviductal HCO(3)(-) secretion and embryo development with RT-PCR, western blot, patch-clamp, short-circuit current (I(sc)), pH measurement and embryo culture.	Bicarbonates	126-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-69
20406739-10	2010	CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that CFTR-mediated oviductal HCO(3)(-) secretion may be vital for sAC-dependent early embryo development, a defect of which may contribute to the reduced fertility seen in women with CF.	Bicarbonates	69-75	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
20825022-7	2010	The effects of four inorganic anions (H2PO4-, HCO3-, NO3- and Cl-) all had some negative effect on the degradation of AO7.	Bicarbonates	46-50	ring finger protein 25	Homo sapiens	118-121
20495897-2	2010	IM-induced changes in pHi consisted of two components: the first is an HCO3--dependent transient pHi decrease, and the second is an HCO3--independent gradual pHi increase.	Bicarbonates	71-75	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
20495897-5	2010	The HCO3--dependent and transient pHi decrease induced by IM was abolished by acetazolamide, but not by methyl isobutyl amiloride (MIA) or diisothiocyanatostilbene disulfonate (DIDS), suggesting that the Na+/H+ exchange, the Cl-/HCO3- exchange, or the Na+-HCO3- cotransport induces no transient pHi decrease.	Bicarbonates	4-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
20495897-2	2010	IM-induced changes in pHi consisted of two components: the first is an HCO3--dependent transient pHi decrease, and the second is an HCO3--independent gradual pHi increase.	Bicarbonates	71-75	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
20495897-5	2010	The HCO3--dependent and transient pHi decrease induced by IM was abolished by acetazolamide, but not by methyl isobutyl amiloride (MIA) or diisothiocyanatostilbene disulfonate (DIDS), suggesting that the Na+/H+ exchange, the Cl-/HCO3- exchange, or the Na+-HCO3- cotransport induces no transient pHi decrease.	Bicarbonates	4-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	295-298
20495897-5	2010	The HCO3--dependent and transient pHi decrease induced by IM was abolished by acetazolamide, but not by methyl isobutyl amiloride (MIA) or diisothiocyanatostilbene disulfonate (DIDS), suggesting that the Na+/H+ exchange, the Cl-/HCO3- exchange, or the Na+-HCO3- cotransport induces no transient pHi decrease.	Bicarbonates	229-233	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
20495897-2	2010	IM-induced changes in pHi consisted of two components: the first is an HCO3--dependent transient pHi decrease, and the second is an HCO3--independent gradual pHi increase.	Bicarbonates	71-75	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
20495897-2	2010	IM-induced changes in pHi consisted of two components: the first is an HCO3--dependent transient pHi decrease, and the second is an HCO3--independent gradual pHi increase.	Bicarbonates	132-136	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
20298745-7	2010	In the kidney, pendrin functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
20351106-1	2010	TASK-2 (KCNK5 or K(2P)5.1) is a background K(+) channel that is opened by extracellular alkalinization and plays a role in renal bicarbonate reabsorption and central chemoreception.	Bicarbonates	129-140	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 5	Homo sapiens	8-13
20197642-1	2010	The present study investigated whether substitution of HEPES for bicarbonate in BTS (BTS-H) used to dilute boar ejaculates immediately after ejaculation could reduce the increased inducibility of the acrosome reaction by calcium and calcium ionophore A23187.	Bicarbonates	65-76	CLN3 lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein, battenin	Homo sapiens	80-83
20197642-1	2010	The present study investigated whether substitution of HEPES for bicarbonate in BTS (BTS-H) used to dilute boar ejaculates immediately after ejaculation could reduce the increased inducibility of the acrosome reaction by calcium and calcium ionophore A23187.	Bicarbonates	65-76	CLN3 lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein, battenin	Homo sapiens	85-88
20536777-3	2010	IAP regulates lipid absorption across the apical membrane of enterocytes, participates in the regulation of bicarbonate secretion and of duodenal surface pH, limits bacterial transepithelial passage, and finally controls bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammation by dephosphorylation, thus detoxifying intestinal lipopolysaccharide.	Bicarbonates	108-119	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	0-3
20346715-1	2010	The bicarbonate/chloride exchanger band 3 (Anion Exchanger 1, AE1) is the most abundant protein in the erythrocyte membrane, it has an important role in gas exchange and functions as a point of attachment for the cytoskeletons maintaining the mechanistic and osmotic properties of the erythrocyte.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-60
20346715-1	2010	The bicarbonate/chloride exchanger band 3 (Anion Exchanger 1, AE1) is the most abundant protein in the erythrocyte membrane, it has an important role in gas exchange and functions as a point of attachment for the cytoskeletons maintaining the mechanistic and osmotic properties of the erythrocyte.	Bicarbonates	4-15	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-65
20197642-4	2010	By contrast, the % acrosome reactions in spermatozoa similarly diluted and stored with BTS-H decreased with the increasing magnifications of dilution (bicarbonate decreased).	Bicarbonates	151-162	CLN3 lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein, battenin	Homo sapiens	87-90
20132789-1	2010	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3) is responsible for Cl(-)-HCO3(-) exchange on erythrocyte membrane.	Bicarbonates	59-66	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
20307259-8	2010	Inhibition of ascorbate-stimulated tPMET by the NHE (Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger) inhibitors amiloride and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride, which is diminished by bicarbonate, suggests that tPMET activity may be regulated by intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	157-168	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	48-51
20307259-8	2010	Inhibition of ascorbate-stimulated tPMET by the NHE (Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger) inhibitors amiloride and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride, which is diminished by bicarbonate, suggests that tPMET activity may be regulated by intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	157-168	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	53-73
20164375-5	2010	Slc26a6 (PAT1) or Slc26a3 (DRA) ablation reduced the S1611-induced DBS increase and reduced fluid absorptive rates, suggesting that the effect of S1611 or NHE3 ablation on HCO(3)(-) secretion may be an unmasking of Slc26a6- and Slc26a3-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	172-178	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
20164375-5	2010	Slc26a6 (PAT1) or Slc26a3 (DRA) ablation reduced the S1611-induced DBS increase and reduced fluid absorptive rates, suggesting that the effect of S1611 or NHE3 ablation on HCO(3)(-) secretion may be an unmasking of Slc26a6- and Slc26a3-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	251-257	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
20164375-7	2010	A functionally active CFTR is an absolute requirement for Slc26-mediated duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion, but not for Slc26-mediated fluid absorption, in which these transporters operate in conjunction with the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3.	Bicarbonates	82-88	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-26
20164375-8	2010	This suggests that Slc26a6 and Slc26a3 need proton recycling via NHE3 to operate in the Cl(-) absorptive mode and Cl(-) exit via CFTR to operate in the HCO(3)(-) secretory mode.	Bicarbonates	152-158	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	19-26
20164375-8	2010	This suggests that Slc26a6 and Slc26a3 need proton recycling via NHE3 to operate in the Cl(-) absorptive mode and Cl(-) exit via CFTR to operate in the HCO(3)(-) secretory mode.	Bicarbonates	152-158	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	31-38
20132789-1	2010	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3) is responsible for Cl(-)-HCO3(-) exchange on erythrocyte membrane.	Bicarbonates	59-66	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
20080093-10	2010	A large fraction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which plays a central role in pancreatic duct HCO(3)(-) secretion, was mislocalized to the cytoplasm of duct cells before treatment.	Bicarbonates	130-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-75
20080093-10	2010	A large fraction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which plays a central role in pancreatic duct HCO(3)(-) secretion, was mislocalized to the cytoplasm of duct cells before treatment.	Bicarbonates	130-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-81
20080093-11	2010	Corticosteroids corrected the localization of CFTR to the apical membrane, accounting for the improved HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	103-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
20080093-14	2010	Mislocalization of CFTR may explain aberrant HCO(3)(-) secretion in other forms of pancreatitis.	Bicarbonates	45-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	19-23
20110461-7	2010	Removal of HCO(3)(-) resulted in robust cAMP-stimulated I(sc) in both AE2(-/-) and WT colon that was largely mediated by NKCC1, whereas removal of Cl(-) resulted in sharply decreased cAMP-stimulated I(sc) in AE2(-/-) colon relative to WT controls.	Bicarbonates	11-17	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	70-73
20197274-1	2010	NBCe1-A electrogenically cotransports Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) across the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubule cells.	Bicarbonates	48-54	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
20407206-0	2010	Bestrophin-2 mediates bicarbonate transport by goblet cells in mouse colon.	Bicarbonates	22-33	bestrophin 2	Mus musculus	0-12
20407206-7	2010	In addition, in the absence of HCO3-, cholinergic-activated current was identical in control and Best2-/- tissue preparations, which suggests that most of the Best2 current was carried by HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	188-192	bestrophin 2	Mus musculus	159-164
20407206-9	2010	We therefore propose that Best2 is a HCO3- channel that works in concert with a Cl:HCO3- exchanger in the apical membrane to affect transcellular HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	37-41	bestrophin 2	Mus musculus	26-31
20211979-2	2010	Here we show that these [K(+)](o) responses induced by high-frequency stimulation or GABA(A) agonist application are generated by the neuronal K(+)-Cl() cotransporter KCC2 and that the transporter-mediated KCl extrusion is critically dependent on the bicarbonate-driven accumulation of Cl() in pyramidal neurons.	Bicarbonates	251-262	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
20110461-7	2010	Removal of HCO(3)(-) resulted in robust cAMP-stimulated I(sc) in both AE2(-/-) and WT colon that was largely mediated by NKCC1, whereas removal of Cl(-) resulted in sharply decreased cAMP-stimulated I(sc) in AE2(-/-) colon relative to WT controls.	Bicarbonates	11-17	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	121-126
20110461-7	2010	Removal of HCO(3)(-) resulted in robust cAMP-stimulated I(sc) in both AE2(-/-) and WT colon that was largely mediated by NKCC1, whereas removal of Cl(-) resulted in sharply decreased cAMP-stimulated I(sc) in AE2(-/-) colon relative to WT controls.	Bicarbonates	11-17	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	208-211
20110461-9	2010	Thus, in AE2(-/-) colon, Cl(-) secretion supported by basolateral NKCC1 is enhanced, whereas HCO(3)(-) secretion is diminished.	Bicarbonates	93-99	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	9-12
20004757-2	2010	The gene mutated in these patients is CFTR, a Cl(-) channel involved in transepithelial salt and water transport and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	117-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
19923414-9	2010	When NHE3 density is adjusted to compensate this acid challenge, the model predicts luminal membrane proton secretion that is greater than the HCO3(-)-reabsorptive fluxes measured in vitro.	Bicarbonates	143-147	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
20100494-1	2010	The membrane domain of human erythrocyte anion exchanger 1 (AE1) works as a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) antiporter.	Bicarbonates	82-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	41-58
20100494-1	2010	The membrane domain of human erythrocyte anion exchanger 1 (AE1) works as a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) antiporter.	Bicarbonates	82-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	60-63
20003099-0	2010	Effects of short-term food deprivation on orexin-A-induced intestinal bicarbonate secretion in comparison with related secretagogues.	Bicarbonates	70-81	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	42-50
20012660-2	2010	In eutherian mammals, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is essential for both Cl(-) and HCO (3) (-) secretion and the regulation of Na(+) absorption.	Bicarbonates	117-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
20175995-2	2010	The acceleration of the generation of bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrases (CA) has been suggested as one of the pathways used by ameloblasts cells to regulate extracellular pH yet only two isozymes (CA II and CA VI) have been reported to date during enamel formation.	Bicarbonates	38-49	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	198-203
20175995-2	2010	The acceleration of the generation of bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrases (CA) has been suggested as one of the pathways used by ameloblasts cells to regulate extracellular pH yet only two isozymes (CA II and CA VI) have been reported to date during enamel formation.	Bicarbonates	38-49	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	208-213
19828673-2	2010	In adult ventricular cell pairs, localized cellular pHi disturbances are removed by sarcolemmal acid/base transporters, but can also be dissipated (diluted) across gap junctions, aboard mobile buffers such as CO2/HCO3- and histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDPs).	Bicarbonates	213-217	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
20053793-8	2010	These results, and our prior data showing that the bicarbonate-stimulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is highly expressed in kidney intercalated cells, support the idea that cAMP generated either by sAC, or by activation of other signaling pathways, is part of the signal transduction mechanism involved in acid-base sensing and V-ATPase membrane trafficking in kidney intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	51-62	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	332-340
20033346-11	2010	Among these genes are the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 and the water channel aquaporin 4.	Bicarbonates	35-46	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	57-64
20041402-4	2010	Here, we analyze the mechanisms for HCO(3) (-) secretion in cultured Ae2(a,b) (+/+) and Ae2(a,b) (-/-) mouse cholangiocytes by microfluorimetric measurement of pH(i) changes upon established perfusion maneuvers.	Bicarbonates	36-42	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	69-72
20061948-6	2010	In addition to HCDs, NKCC1 is also inhibited by extracellular HCO3(-) in the range corresponding to its concentration in ischemic extracellular fluids.	Bicarbonates	62-66	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	21-26
20041402-12	2010	CONCLUSION: Bicarbonate secretion in mouse cholangiocytes involves two differentially regulated activities: Ae2-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3) (-) exchange and Na(+)-HCO(3) (-) cotransport.	Bicarbonates	12-23	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	108-111
20054804-7	2010	Both salivary CA-II and CA-VI are highly active in supplying the alimentary tract with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	87-98	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	14-19
20054804-7	2010	Both salivary CA-II and CA-VI are highly active in supplying the alimentary tract with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	87-98	carbonic anhydrase 6	Bos taurus	24-29
20097174-4	2010	We identified carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), a key enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes condensation of ammonia with bicarbonate to form carbamoyl phosphate, as a target of SIRT5 by two-dimensional electrophoresis comparing mitochondrial proteins in livers of SIRT5 Tg and wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	130-141	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	14-46
19861352-6	2010	For example, mucosaprotective duodenal bicarbonate-rich secretion is inhibited by Ang II via type 1 (AT(1)) receptor-mediated facilitation of sympathoadrenergic activity, but this secretory process can also be stimulated by Ang II via AT(2) receptors.	Bicarbonates	39-50	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	82-88
19861352-6	2010	For example, mucosaprotective duodenal bicarbonate-rich secretion is inhibited by Ang II via type 1 (AT(1)) receptor-mediated facilitation of sympathoadrenergic activity, but this secretory process can also be stimulated by Ang II via AT(2) receptors.	Bicarbonates	39-50	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	224-230
20154695-1	2010	Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (encoded by Cftr) that impair its role as an apical chloride channel that supports bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	181-192	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	46-97
20154695-1	2010	Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (encoded by Cftr) that impair its role as an apical chloride channel that supports bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	181-192	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	110-114
20097174-4	2010	We identified carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), a key enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes condensation of ammonia with bicarbonate to form carbamoyl phosphate, as a target of SIRT5 by two-dimensional electrophoresis comparing mitochondrial proteins in livers of SIRT5 Tg and wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	130-141	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	48-52
20097174-4	2010	We identified carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), a key enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes condensation of ammonia with bicarbonate to form carbamoyl phosphate, as a target of SIRT5 by two-dimensional electrophoresis comparing mitochondrial proteins in livers of SIRT5 Tg and wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	130-141	sirtuin 5	Mus musculus	186-191
20097174-4	2010	We identified carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), a key enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes condensation of ammonia with bicarbonate to form carbamoyl phosphate, as a target of SIRT5 by two-dimensional electrophoresis comparing mitochondrial proteins in livers of SIRT5 Tg and wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	130-141	sirtuin 5	Mus musculus	273-278
19874279-8	2010	These results suggest that secreted CA-VI may form together with cytosolic CA-II, a high-activity isozyme mostly considered as a bicarbonate producer, in a mutually complementary system for the maintenance of bicarbonate levels to regulate pH in tear fluid and protect the corneal epithelia against injuries.	Bicarbonates	129-140	carbonic anhydrase 6	Canis lupus familiaris	36-41
20008503-6	2010	After adjustment for age, sex, ethnic background, body mass index, serum albumin level and other factors, we found that a higher anion gap and lower bicarbonate level were associated with a higher leukocyte count and higher C-reactive protein level.	Bicarbonates	149-160	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	224-242
19874279-8	2010	These results suggest that secreted CA-VI may form together with cytosolic CA-II, a high-activity isozyme mostly considered as a bicarbonate producer, in a mutually complementary system for the maintenance of bicarbonate levels to regulate pH in tear fluid and protect the corneal epithelia against injuries.	Bicarbonates	209-220	carbonic anhydrase 6	Canis lupus familiaris	36-41
20033769-3	2010	BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were screened for germline mutations in 131 patients with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer who had undergone BCT and radiotherapy.	Bicarbonates	147-150	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
19879980-4	2010	Moreover, others have suggested that this bound CAII enhances the transport of HCO(3)(-)-related species-HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(), or CO(3)() ion pairs-when the process is initiated by altering the activity of the transporter (HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport).	Bicarbonates	79-88	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
19879980-4	2010	Moreover, others have suggested that this bound CAII enhances the transport of HCO(3)(-)-related species-HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(), or CO(3)() ion pairs-when the process is initiated by altering the activity of the transporter (HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport).	Bicarbonates	105-114	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
19879980-4	2010	Moreover, others have suggested that this bound CAII enhances the transport of HCO(3)(-)-related species-HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(), or CO(3)() ion pairs-when the process is initiated by altering the activity of the transporter (HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport).	Bicarbonates	105-114	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
19879980-4	2010	Moreover, others have suggested that this bound CAII enhances the transport of HCO(3)(-)-related species-HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(), or CO(3)() ion pairs-when the process is initiated by altering the activity of the transporter (HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport).	Bicarbonates	79-85	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
19879980-5	2010	In this review, I assess the theoretical roles of CAs in the transport of CO(2) and HCO(3)(-)-related species, concluding that although the effect of bound CAII on CO(2)-initiated CO(2) transport is expected to be substantial, the effect of bound CAs on HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport is expected to be modest at best.	Bicarbonates	84-93	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	156-160
19879980-5	2010	In this review, I assess the theoretical roles of CAs in the transport of CO(2) and HCO(3)(-)-related species, concluding that although the effect of bound CAII on CO(2)-initiated CO(2) transport is expected to be substantial, the effect of bound CAs on HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport is expected to be modest at best.	Bicarbonates	254-263	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	156-160
19879980-5	2010	In this review, I assess the theoretical roles of CAs in the transport of CO(2) and HCO(3)(-)-related species, concluding that although the effect of bound CAII on CO(2)-initiated CO(2) transport is expected to be substantial, the effect of bound CAs on HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport is expected to be modest at best.	Bicarbonates	84-90	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	156-160
19879980-8	2010	The early conclusion that bound CAII speeds HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport appears to be the result of CAII accelerating the pH changes used as a read-out of transport.	Bicarbonates	44-50	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
19879980-8	2010	The early conclusion that bound CAII speeds HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport appears to be the result of CAII accelerating the pH changes used as a read-out of transport.	Bicarbonates	44-50	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
19879980-8	2010	The early conclusion that bound CAII speeds HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport appears to be the result of CAII accelerating the pH changes used as a read-out of transport.	Bicarbonates	64-70	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
19879980-8	2010	The early conclusion that bound CAII speeds HCO(3)(-)-initiated HCO(3)(-) transport appears to be the result of CAII accelerating the pH changes used as a read-out of transport.	Bicarbonates	64-70	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
20033769-3	2010	BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were screened for germline mutations in 131 patients with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer who had undergone BCT and radiotherapy.	Bicarbonates	147-150	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	10-15
19929249-0	2010	Catalytic scavenging of peroxynitrite by lactoperoxidase in the absence and presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	88-99	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	41-56
19929249-5	2010	Lactoperoxidase is also able to scavenge peroxynitrite in the presence of bicarbonate with the rate constant identical, within experimental error, to that measured in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	182-193	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
19929249-5	2010	Lactoperoxidase is also able to scavenge peroxynitrite in the presence of bicarbonate with the rate constant identical, within experimental error, to that measured in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	74-85	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
20166995-5	2010	Furthermore, duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion was stimulated by the EP3 and EP4 agonists, whereas gastric HCO(3)(-) secretion was increased only by the EP1 agonist.	Bicarbonates	22-28	prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3)	Mus musculus	64-67
19954979-0	2010	Reaction of reductively activated mitomycin C with aqueous bicarbonate: Isolation and characterization of an oxazolidinone derivative of cis-1-hydroxy-2,7-diaminomitosene.	Bicarbonates	59-70	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
19954979-1	2010	The reductive activation of mitomycin C in aqueous bicarbonate buffer resulted in the formation of a previously unknown compound, characterized as an oxazolidinone derivative of cis-1-hydroxy-2,7-diaminomitosene.	Bicarbonates	51-62	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	178-183
20025241-1	2010	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate and a proton.	Bicarbonates	98-109	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
20332619-3	2010	CFTR is an ATP-hydrolyzing, cAMP/PKA-activated anion channel regulating pancreatic bicarbonate/chloride secretion across duct-facing apical membranes in epithelia.	Bicarbonates	83-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
20166995-5	2010	Furthermore, duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion was stimulated by the EP3 and EP4 agonists, whereas gastric HCO(3)(-) secretion was increased only by the EP1 agonist.	Bicarbonates	22-28	prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)	Mus musculus	72-75
20166995-6	2010	In addition, the HCO(3)(-) stimulatory effect of sulprostone (an EP1/EP3 agonist) in the duodenum was inhibited by verapamil, a Ca(2+) antagonist, and enhanced by isobutyl- methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, but the response in the stomach was inhibited by verapamil and not affected by isobutylmethylxanthine.	Bicarbonates	17-23	prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1)	Mus musculus	65-68
20819061-1	2010	The beta-carbonic anhydrase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), scCA, which is encoded by the Nce103 gene, is an effective catalyst for CO(2) hydration to bicarbonate and protons, with a k(cat) of 9.4 x 10(5) s(-1), and k(cat)/K(M) of 9.8 x 10(7) M(-1).s(-1).	Bicarbonates	167-178	carbonate dehydratase NCE103	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	106-112
20819065-5	2010	CA IX contributes to tumour environment acidification by catalyzing the carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons, leading to the acquisition of metastasic phenotypes and chemoresistance to weakly basic anticancer drugs and therefore to inadequate application of radio-therapeutic or chemotherapeutic anti-cancer treatment strategies.	Bicarbonates	100-111	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
20166995-6	2010	In addition, the HCO(3)(-) stimulatory effect of sulprostone (an EP1/EP3 agonist) in the duodenum was inhibited by verapamil, a Ca(2+) antagonist, and enhanced by isobutyl- methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, but the response in the stomach was inhibited by verapamil and not affected by isobutylmethylxanthine.	Bicarbonates	17-23	prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3)	Mus musculus	69-72
20166995-8	2010	These results suggest that the HCO(3)(-) stimulatory effect of PGE(2) in the duodenum is mediated by both EP3 and EP4 receptors, being coupled intracellularly with Ca(2+) and cAMP, while that in the stomach is mediated by EP1 receptors, coupled with Ca(2+).	Bicarbonates	31-37	prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3)	Mus musculus	106-109
20166995-8	2010	These results suggest that the HCO(3)(-) stimulatory effect of PGE(2) in the duodenum is mediated by both EP3 and EP4 receptors, being coupled intracellularly with Ca(2+) and cAMP, while that in the stomach is mediated by EP1 receptors, coupled with Ca(2+).	Bicarbonates	31-37	prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)	Mus musculus	114-117
20166995-8	2010	These results suggest that the HCO(3)(-) stimulatory effect of PGE(2) in the duodenum is mediated by both EP3 and EP4 receptors, being coupled intracellularly with Ca(2+) and cAMP, while that in the stomach is mediated by EP1 receptors, coupled with Ca(2+).	Bicarbonates	31-37	prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1)	Mus musculus	222-225
21525756-8	2010	Secretin is a major stimulator of bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	34-45	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
21242704-5	2010	In the mid-1990s, basolateral Na-bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) uptake by NBCe1 (Slc4a4) was shown to be critical for the generation of approximately 75% of stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	46-52	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
20068363-3	2010	RESULTS: In all affected children, the disease was associated with mutations of the SLC4A1 gene that codes for the bicarbonate/chloride anion-exchanger 1 (AE1, band 3) protein situated in the red cell membrane and the alpha-intercalated (proton-secreting) cell of the renal collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	115-126	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-90
20068363-3	2010	RESULTS: In all affected children, the disease was associated with mutations of the SLC4A1 gene that codes for the bicarbonate/chloride anion-exchanger 1 (AE1, band 3) protein situated in the red cell membrane and the alpha-intercalated (proton-secreting) cell of the renal collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	115-126	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-166
21242704-5	2010	In the mid-1990s, basolateral Na-bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) uptake by NBCe1 (Slc4a4) was shown to be critical for the generation of approximately 75% of stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	161-167	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
21242704-6	2010	In the last 10 years, several new HCO(3)(-) transporters in the Slc26 family and their interaction with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-chloride channel have elucidated the HCO(3)(-) exit step at the ductal lumen.	Bicarbonates	34-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-159
19710385-9	2009	On the basis of these findings, pH(i) recovery from acidification appears to be largely mediated by NHE-1 in RTN neurons, by NHE-1 and NHE-3 in NTS neurons, and by a Na- and HCO(3)-dependent transporter in LC neurons.	Bicarbonates	174-180	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
19779011-1	2009	A Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC) is located in the basolateral membrane of the gastrointestinal epithelium, where it imports HCO(3)(-) during stimulated anion secretion.	Bicarbonates	8-14	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	33-36
19823170-12	2009	We conclude that inducible ANXA2 expression in cholangiocytes may play a compensatory role for the impaired AE activity of cholangiocytes in PBC in terms of bicarbonate-rich ductular secretion and bile formation through modulation of the PKC activity.	Bicarbonates	157-168	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	27-32
19823170-12	2009	We conclude that inducible ANXA2 expression in cholangiocytes may play a compensatory role for the impaired AE activity of cholangiocytes in PBC in terms of bicarbonate-rich ductular secretion and bile formation through modulation of the PKC activity.	Bicarbonates	157-168	dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	141-144
19692653-0	2009	Bicarbonate homeostasis in excitable tissues: role of AE3 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and carbonic anhydrase XIV interaction.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	54-57
19692653-2	2009	Two alternate transcripts of anion exchanger 3 (AE3), full-length (AE3fl) and cardiac (AE3c), are expressed in central nervous system (CNS), where AE3 catalyzes electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange across the plasma membrane of neuronal and glial cells of CNS.	Bicarbonates	182-188	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	48-51
19692653-2	2009	Two alternate transcripts of anion exchanger 3 (AE3), full-length (AE3fl) and cardiac (AE3c), are expressed in central nervous system (CNS), where AE3 catalyzes electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange across the plasma membrane of neuronal and glial cells of CNS.	Bicarbonates	182-188	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	67-70
19692653-3	2009	Anion exchanger isoforms, AE3fl and AE3c, associate with the carbonic anhydrases (CA) CAII and CAIV, forming a HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon, to maximize HCO(3)(-) flux across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	111-117	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	95-99
19692653-3	2009	Anion exchanger isoforms, AE3fl and AE3c, associate with the carbonic anhydrases (CA) CAII and CAIV, forming a HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon, to maximize HCO(3)(-) flux across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	154-160	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	95-99
19692653-9	2009	CAXIV increased the rate of AE3fl-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport by up to 120%, which was suppressed by the CA inhibitor acetazolamide.	Bicarbonates	43-49	carbonic anhydrase 14	Mus musculus	0-5
20166401-1	2010	Secretin is a polypeptide hormone that stimulates secretion of bicarbonate from the exocrine pancreas and, in healthy human subjects, causes transient pancreatic duct dilation observable sonographically.	Bicarbonates	63-74	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
19946223-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Sparkling water stimulates HCO3- secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum, but the mechanisms involved differ in these two tissues; the response in the former is mainly due to the intracellular supply of HCO3- with the aid of carbonic anhydrase, while in the latter the response is dependent on the NHE1, AE and NBC, and is mediated by endogenous prostaglandins as well as capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons, in addition to the intracellular supply of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	223-227	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	318-322
19946223-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Sparkling water stimulates HCO3- secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum, but the mechanisms involved differ in these two tissues; the response in the former is mainly due to the intracellular supply of HCO3- with the aid of carbonic anhydrase, while in the latter the response is dependent on the NHE1, AE and NBC, and is mediated by endogenous prostaglandins as well as capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons, in addition to the intracellular supply of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	223-227	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	318-322
19788494-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Genistein stimulates duodenal HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) secretion through CFTR, and has a relatively high selectivity for the CFTR HCO(3)(-) conductance, compared with forskolin.	Bicarbonates	155-161	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	150-154
19745779-6	2009	RESULTS: In HCO3(-)-free solutions, ATP-evoked changes in short-circuit current were inhibited by bumetanide, and the recovery of pHi from acid loading was abolished by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA).	Bicarbonates	12-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	130-133
19788494-0	2009	Differential activation of the HCO(3)(-) conductance through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator anion channel by genistein and forskolin in murine duodenum.	Bicarbonates	31-37	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	65-116
19788494-5	2009	KEY RESULTS: Genistein markedly stimulated duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion and I(sc) in a dose-dependent manner in CFTR wild-type mice, but not in CFTR null mice.	Bicarbonates	52-58	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	112-116
19788494-6	2009	CFTR(inh)-172, a highly specific CFTR inhibitor, inhibited genistein-stimulated duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion and I(sc) in wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	89-95	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
19788494-6	2009	CFTR(inh)-172, a highly specific CFTR inhibitor, inhibited genistein-stimulated duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion and I(sc) in wild-type mice.	Bicarbonates	89-95	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	33-37
19788494-8	2009	Further data showed that CFTR HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) conductance ratio was 1.05 after genistein stimulation, whereas after forskolin stimulation, the CFTR HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) conductance ratio was 0.27.	Bicarbonates	30-39	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	25-29
19788494-8	2009	Further data showed that CFTR HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) conductance ratio was 1.05 after genistein stimulation, whereas after forskolin stimulation, the CFTR HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) conductance ratio was 0.27.	Bicarbonates	148-157	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	143-147
19752774-0	2009	CFTR expression but not Cl- transport is involved in the stimulatory effect of bile acids on apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in human pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	104-108	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
19751975-1	2009	The enzymatic activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes CA I, II, IX (catalytic domain (cdCA IX) and catalytic domain plus proteoglycan, flCA IX), XII and XIV were investigated as a function of pH for the CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and a proton.	Bicarbonates	239-250	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
19823673-0	2009	HCO3(-)/Cl(-) exchange inactivation and reactivation during mouse oocyte meiosis correlates with MEK/MAPK-regulated Ae2 plasma membrane localization.	Bicarbonates	0-4	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	116-119
19823673-11	2009	Inactivation of HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) exchange during the meiotic cell cycle may therefore reflect the loss of Ae2 from the oocyte plasma membrane, downstream of MEK/MAPK signaling.	Bicarbonates	16-25	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	105-108
19605545-1	2009	Pendrin is expressed in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells, where it mediates Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion through apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	168-172	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
19625374-9	2009	Inhibition of HCO3(-) absorption by bath and lumen LPS was eliminated in MTALs from TLR4(-/-) mice.	Bicarbonates	14-18	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	84-88
19625374-10	2009	Thus LPS inhibits HCO3(-) absorption through distinct TLR4-dependent pathways in basolateral and apical membranes.	Bicarbonates	18-22	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	54-58
19801433-12	2009	Net base excretion was markedly inhibited in the slc26a3 and a6c morphants thereby implicating these genes in Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Danio rerio	49-56
19625604-9	2009	Zebrafish NBCe1 shared transport properties with mammalian NBCe1s, demonstrating electrogenic Na+ and HCO3- transport as well as similar drug sensitivity, including inhibition by 4,4"-diiso-thiocyano-2,2"-disulfonic acid stilbene and tenidap.	Bicarbonates	102-106	solute carrier family 4 member 4a	Danio rerio	10-15
19625604-10	2009	These data indicate that NBCe1 in zebrafish shares many characteristics with mammalian NBCe1, including tissue distribution, importance in systemic water and electrolyte balance, and electrogenic transport of Na+ and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	217-221	solute carrier family 4 member 4a	Danio rerio	25-30
19358684-6	2009	In the airways, a major function of DUOX is to support lactoperoxidase (LPO) to generate bactericidal OSCN(-), and there are indications that the DUOX/LPO defense system is critically dependent on the function of the CFTR Cl(-) channel, which provides both SCN(-) (for LPO function) and HCO(3)(-) (for pH adjustment) to the airway surface liquid.	Bicarbonates	287-293	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	151-154
19358684-6	2009	In the airways, a major function of DUOX is to support lactoperoxidase (LPO) to generate bactericidal OSCN(-), and there are indications that the DUOX/LPO defense system is critically dependent on the function of the CFTR Cl(-) channel, which provides both SCN(-) (for LPO function) and HCO(3)(-) (for pH adjustment) to the airway surface liquid.	Bicarbonates	287-293	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	217-221
19358684-6	2009	In the airways, a major function of DUOX is to support lactoperoxidase (LPO) to generate bactericidal OSCN(-), and there are indications that the DUOX/LPO defense system is critically dependent on the function of the CFTR Cl(-) channel, which provides both SCN(-) (for LPO function) and HCO(3)(-) (for pH adjustment) to the airway surface liquid.	Bicarbonates	287-293	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	151-154
19605545-1	2009	Pendrin is expressed in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells, where it mediates Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion through apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	129-133	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
19564250-3	2009	Here we show that the Na(+)-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2) is relevant for this process in the osteoclasts from the long bones of Ae2(a,b)(-/-) mice (deficient in the main isoforms Ae2a, Ae2b(1), and Ae2b(2)).	Bicarbonates	49-60	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	61-78
19564250-3	2009	Here we show that the Na(+)-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2) is relevant for this process in the osteoclasts from the long bones of Ae2(a,b)(-/-) mice (deficient in the main isoforms Ae2a, Ae2b(1), and Ae2b(2)).	Bicarbonates	49-60	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	80-83
19564250-3	2009	Here we show that the Na(+)-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2) is relevant for this process in the osteoclasts from the long bones of Ae2(a,b)(-/-) mice (deficient in the main isoforms Ae2a, Ae2b(1), and Ae2b(2)).	Bicarbonates	49-60	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	156-159
19377886-5	2009	In NH(4)HCO(3)-infused fish, plasma cortisol peaked at 6 h, erythrocyte Rhag mRNA was downregulated, gill Rhbg, Rhcg1, and Rhcg2 mRNA were upregulated, and skin Rhbg mRNA was also upregulated.	Bicarbonates	8-14	Rhag	Oncorhynchus mykiss	72-76
19630503-10	2009	The concentration of IL-1beta was significantly higher in the non-resuscitated rats than in those receiving bicarbonate Ringer"s, lactated Ringer"s, or normal saline for early resuscitation.	Bicarbonates	108-119	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	21-29
19605733-0	2009	Characterization of an epilepsy-associated variant of the human Cl-/HCO3(-) exchanger AE3.	Bicarbonates	68-72	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
19605733-1	2009	Anion exchanger 3 (AE3), expressed in the brain, heart, and retina, extrudes intracellular HCO(3)(-) in exchange for extracellular Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	91-97	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
19605733-8	2009	Treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) increased Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity of WT and AE3(fl)-A867D to a similar degree, which was abolished by preincubation with the protein kinase A (PKA)-specific inhibitor H89.	Bicarbonates	56-62	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	94-97
19605733-9	2009	This indicates that PKA regulates WT and AE3(fl)-A867D Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	61-67	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	41-44
19726878-4	2009	The authors propose a model whereby CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion must be concurrent with mucin exocytosis for proper mucin release.	Bicarbonates	50-61	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	36-40
19608703-5	2009	Compared with the control group, decline in CrCl was slower with bicarbonate supplementation (5.93 versus 1.88 ml/min 1.73 m(2); P &lt; 0.0001).	Bicarbonates	65-76	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	114-119
19571747-5	2009	The apical CFTR channels also appear to have sufficient HCO(3)(-) permeability to contribute directly to HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	56-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
19571747-5	2009	The apical CFTR channels also appear to have sufficient HCO(3)(-) permeability to contribute directly to HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	105-111	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
19571747-6	2009	There is a strong possibility that the Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels at the apical membrane are members of the bestrophin family which, like CFTR, are also permeable to HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	171-177	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	143-147
19726884-2	2009	However, recent studies indicate that CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is required for bicarbonate (HCO3-) transport and that HCO3- is critical for normal mucus formation.	Bicarbonates	100-111	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	38-76
19726884-2	2009	However, recent studies indicate that CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is required for bicarbonate (HCO3-) transport and that HCO3- is critical for normal mucus formation.	Bicarbonates	100-111	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	78-82
19726884-2	2009	However, recent studies indicate that CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is required for bicarbonate (HCO3-) transport and that HCO3- is critical for normal mucus formation.	Bicarbonates	113-117	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	38-76
19726884-2	2009	However, recent studies indicate that CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is required for bicarbonate (HCO3-) transport and that HCO3- is critical for normal mucus formation.	Bicarbonates	113-117	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	78-82
19583303-1	2009	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is a monomeric zinc-containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO(2) to form bicarbonate and a proton.	Bicarbonates	128-139	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
19622732-2	2009	Here, we report the physiological role of the intracellular CAII isoform involvement in acid-, PGE(2,) and forskolin-induced murine duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) in vivo.	Bicarbonates	141-152	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	60-64
19622732-11	2009	The results suggest that CA II is important for duodenocyte acidification by low luminal pH and for eliciting the acid-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretory response, but is not important in the generation of the secreted HCO(3)(-) ions.	Bicarbonates	128-134	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	25-30
19458084-8	2009	In a multicellular structure, the net effect of CA9 on pH(e) will depend on the cellular CO(2)/lactic acid emission ratio (set by local oxygenation and membrane HCO(3)(-) uptake).	Bicarbonates	161-167	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	48-51
19360717-4	2009	Total number and area of TRAP (+) multinucleated osteoclasts was decreased by HCO(3)(-) in a dose-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	78-84	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	25-29
19438409-1	2009	AE1 [anion exchanger 1, also known as SLC4A1 (solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1) and band 3 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3)] is a major membrane glycoprotein expressed in human erythrocytes where it mediates the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	260-271	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
19447883-5	2009	DRA-mediated Cl/HCO(3) exchange was measured as intracellular pH changes.	Bicarbonates	16-22	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
19438409-1	2009	AE1 [anion exchanger 1, also known as SLC4A1 (solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1) and band 3 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3)] is a major membrane glycoprotein expressed in human erythrocytes where it mediates the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	260-271	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	5-22
19438409-1	2009	AE1 [anion exchanger 1, also known as SLC4A1 (solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1) and band 3 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3)] is a major membrane glycoprotein expressed in human erythrocytes where it mediates the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	260-271	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-44
19321737-15	2009	These results suggest that Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange mode of human SLC26A3 is controlled by a pH-sensitive intracellular modifier site, which is likely in the transmembrane domain.	Bicarbonates	33-39	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	66-73
19303377-7	2009	In vitro results show that tailoring the combined effect of wettability and charge polarity on the HAp surface enable differential binding of inorganic ions (e.g., Ca(2+), Cl(-), Na(+), HCO(3)(-) etc) and organic cell adhesive proteins (e.g., fibronectin, vitronectin etc) with different surface properties, which results in accelerated or decelerated mineralization as well as cell adhesion and proliferation on polarized HAp surface.	Bicarbonates	186-195	scaffold attachment factor B	Homo sapiens	99-102
19369292-0	2009	Ability of sat-1 to transport sulfate, bicarbonate, or oxalate under physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	39-50	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
19369292-8	2009	These data and electrophysiological studies using a two-electrode voltage-clamp device provide evidence that sat-1 preferentially works as an electroneutral sulfate-bicarbonate or oxalate-bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	165-176	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
19369292-9	2009	In kidney proximal tubule cells, sat-1 likely completes sulfate reabsorption from the ultrafiltrate across the basolateral membrane in exchange for bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	148-159	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
19444869-9	2009	Cholangiocyte secretion stimulated by isohydric changes in [HCO(3)(-)](i) was cAMP-dependent and inhibited by sAC inhibitor and sAC gene silencing.	Bicarbonates	60-69	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
19444869-9	2009	Cholangiocyte secretion stimulated by isohydric changes in [HCO(3)(-)](i) was cAMP-dependent and inhibited by sAC inhibitor and sAC gene silencing.	Bicarbonates	60-69	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
19539481-6	2009	As hCA VA/VB are involved in several biosynthetic processes catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, and carbamoyl phosphate synthetases I and II, providing the bicarbonate substrate to these carboxylating enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, their selective inhibition may lead to the development of antiobesity agents possessing a new mechanism of action.	Bicarbonates	179-190	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	3-9
19286663-5	2009	In view of recent observations, we hypothesized that the SOD1 peroxidase cycle relies on two steps: 1) reduction of SOD-Cu(II) by hydrogen peroxide followed by 2) oxidation of SOD-Cu(I) by peroxymonocarbonate, the product of the spontaneous reaction of bicarbonate with hydrogen peroxide, to produce SOD-Cu(II) and carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	253-264	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
19342507-0	2009	Functional coupling of apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange with CFTR in stimulated HCO3- secretion by guinea pig interlobular pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	73-77	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	54-58
19342507-2	2009	HCO(3)(-) transport across ductal apical membranes has been proposed to be mediated by both SLC26-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange and CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) conductance, with proportional contributions determined in part by axial changes in gene expression and luminal anion composition.	Bicarbonates	0-6	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	136-140
19342507-11	2009	This study demonstrates functional coupling between Cftr and Slc26a6-like Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity in apical membrane of guinea pig pancreatic interlobular duct.	Bicarbonates	80-87	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	52-56
19342507-11	2009	This study demonstrates functional coupling between Cftr and Slc26a6-like Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity in apical membrane of guinea pig pancreatic interlobular duct.	Bicarbonates	80-87	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Cavia porcellus	61-68
19475687-9	2009	Notably, the norUDCA significantly stimulated HCO(3)(-)-output also in Cftr(-/-) mice.	Bicarbonates	46-52	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	71-75
19331426-5	2009	Here we have demonstrated that bicarbonate directly increases the activity of purified GC-D.	Bicarbonates	31-42	guanylate cyclase 2E, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	87-91
19331426-6	2009	Bicarbonate also increases the cGMP levels in cells expressing GC-D.	Bicarbonates	0-11	guanylate cyclase 2E, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	63-67
19331426-7	2009	These results identify bicarbonate as a small molecule that regulates GC-D.	Bicarbonates	23-34	guanylate cyclase 2E, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	70-74
19009228-5	2009	Complete amino acid starvation in either Earle"s balanced salt solution or Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) resulted in activation of transcription driven by a SNAT2 genomic fragment that contained an AARE.	Bicarbonates	88-99	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	165-170
19015188-4	2009	This review discusses the role of CFTR in regulating fluid volume and bicarbonate secretion in the reproductive tracts and their importance in various reproductive events.	Bicarbonates	70-81	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
19015189-7	2009	Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 function as coupled electrogenic Cl-/HCO(3)- exchangers or as bona fide anion channels.	Bicarbonates	57-63	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
19015189-7	2009	Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 function as coupled electrogenic Cl-/HCO(3)- exchangers or as bona fide anion channels.	Bicarbonates	57-63	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	12-19
19009228-5	2009	Complete amino acid starvation in either Earle"s balanced salt solution or Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) resulted in activation of transcription driven by a SNAT2 genomic fragment that contained an AARE.	Bicarbonates	88-99	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	206-210
19321187-2	2009	Cr(VI) and As(V) were observed to be subject to different impacts induced by co-existing As(V) or Cr(VI), humic acid and bicarbonate, originating from their distinct removal mechanisms by Fe(0).	Bicarbonates	121-132	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	11-16
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	57-68	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	57-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-115
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	57-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-156
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	57-68	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	247-251
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	57-68	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	253-278
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	218-229	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	218-229	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-115
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	218-229	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-156
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	218-229	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	247-251
19321187-1	2009	The interactions of co-present Cr(VI) and As(V), and the influences of humic acid and bicarbonate in the process of Cr(VI) and As(V) removal by Fe(0) were investigated in a batch setting using simulated groundwater with 5 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na(2)SO(4), and 0.8 mM CaCl(2) as background electrolytes at an initial pH value of 7.	Bicarbonates	86-97	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	127-132
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Bicarbonates	218-229	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	253-278
19277700-2	2009	Acid-secretory type-A intercalated cells secrete protons via a luminally expressed V-type H(+)-ATPase and generate new bicarbonate released by basolateral chloride/bicarbonate exchangers including the AE1 anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	119-130	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	201-204
19277700-2	2009	Acid-secretory type-A intercalated cells secrete protons via a luminally expressed V-type H(+)-ATPase and generate new bicarbonate released by basolateral chloride/bicarbonate exchangers including the AE1 anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	164-175	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	201-204
19277700-7	2009	Bicarbonate secretion is achieved by non-type-A intercalated cells characterized by the luminal expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	145-152
19277700-7	2009	Bicarbonate secretion is achieved by non-type-A intercalated cells characterized by the luminal expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin.	Bicarbonates	123-134	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	145-152
19277700-8	2009	Pendrin activity is driven by H(+)-ATPases and may serve both bicarbonate excretion and chloride reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	62-73	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
19321187-8	2009	In the presence of bicarbonate, both Cr(VI) and As(V) removal was increased and the inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) on As(V) removal was suppressed, resulting from the buffering effects and the promoted iron corrosion induced by bicarbonate, and the formation of CaCO(3) in solution, which enhanced As(V) adsorption.	Bicarbonates	19-30	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	48-53
19321187-8	2009	In the presence of bicarbonate, both Cr(VI) and As(V) removal was increased and the inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) on As(V) removal was suppressed, resulting from the buffering effects and the promoted iron corrosion induced by bicarbonate, and the formation of CaCO(3) in solution, which enhanced As(V) adsorption.	Bicarbonates	19-30	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	115-120
19321187-8	2009	In the presence of bicarbonate, both Cr(VI) and As(V) removal was increased and the inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) on As(V) removal was suppressed, resulting from the buffering effects and the promoted iron corrosion induced by bicarbonate, and the formation of CaCO(3) in solution, which enhanced As(V) adsorption.	Bicarbonates	19-30	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	115-120
19321187-8	2009	In the presence of bicarbonate, both Cr(VI) and As(V) removal was increased and the inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) on As(V) removal was suppressed, resulting from the buffering effects and the promoted iron corrosion induced by bicarbonate, and the formation of CaCO(3) in solution, which enhanced As(V) adsorption.	Bicarbonates	225-236	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	115-120
19321187-8	2009	In the presence of bicarbonate, both Cr(VI) and As(V) removal was increased and the inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) on As(V) removal was suppressed, resulting from the buffering effects and the promoted iron corrosion induced by bicarbonate, and the formation of CaCO(3) in solution, which enhanced As(V) adsorption.	Bicarbonates	225-236	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	115-120
19213731-2	2009	These enzymes share a conserved biotin carboxylase (BC) component, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin using bicarbonate as the donor.	Bicarbonates	131-142	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	32-50
19213731-2	2009	These enzymes share a conserved biotin carboxylase (BC) component, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin using bicarbonate as the donor.	Bicarbonates	131-142	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	52-54
19213731-6	2009	The B domain of BC is positioned closer to the active site, leading to a 2-A shift in the bound position of the adenine nucleotide and bringing it near the bicarbonate for catalysis.	Bicarbonates	156-167	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	16-18
19233231-4	2009	ANP and CNP stimulate basal as well as induced pancreatic secretion and modify bicarbonate and chloride secretions.	Bicarbonates	79-90	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
19237446-8	2009	Identification of SLC4A5, SLC5A10 and LDOC1 indicated that sodium/bicarbonate transport, sodium/glucose transport and cell-proliferation regulation may play important upstream roles and identification of BNIP1, APOBEC3F and LDOC1 suggested that apoptosis, innate immune response and cell-proliferation regulation may play important downstream roles in hypertension.	Bicarbonates	66-77	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	18-24
19237446-8	2009	Identification of SLC4A5, SLC5A10 and LDOC1 indicated that sodium/bicarbonate transport, sodium/glucose transport and cell-proliferation regulation may play important upstream roles and identification of BNIP1, APOBEC3F and LDOC1 suggested that apoptosis, innate immune response and cell-proliferation regulation may play important downstream roles in hypertension.	Bicarbonates	66-77	LDOC1 regulator of NFKB signaling	Homo sapiens	38-43
19383473-3	2009	At pH 7, bicarbonate was found to be the most effective for both manganese and iron binding, with dissociation constants around 1 muM in three of the mutants.	Bicarbonates	9-20	latexin	Homo sapiens	130-133
19321421-0	2009	Knockdown of limiting-CO2-induced gene HLA3 decreases HCO3- transport and photosynthetic Ci affinity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.	Bicarbonates	54-58	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	39-43
19243126-3	2009	Among these, the ability of Sod1 to function as a peroxidase may be particularly relevant because it is increased in bicarbonate buffer and produces the reactive carbonate radical.	Bicarbonates	117-128	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
19243126-5	2009	To address this question, we systematically studied hSod1 peroxidase activity in the presence of nitrite, formate, and bicarbonate-carbon dioxide.	Bicarbonates	119-130	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
19243126-6	2009	Kinetic analyses of hydrogen peroxide consumption and of nitrite, formate, and bicarbonate-carbon dioxide oxidation showed that the Sod1-bound hydroxyl-like oxidant functions in the presence of nitrite and formate.	Bicarbonates	79-90	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
19243126-12	2009	In the presence of bicarbonate-carbon dioxide, sustained hSod1-mediated oxidations occurred with low steady-state concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (4-10 microM).	Bicarbonates	19-30	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
19204907-2	2009	Pendrin"s critical transport substrates are thought to be I(-) in the thyroid gland and HCO(3)(-) in the inner ear.	Bicarbonates	88-94	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
19011010-15	2009	AE2, CAII, and CAIV are enriched in the NPE layer of the ciliary body, and their coordinated function may contribute to AH secretion by effecting bicarbonate transport into the eye.	Bicarbonates	146-157	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
19011010-15	2009	AE2, CAII, and CAIV are enriched in the NPE layer of the ciliary body, and their coordinated function may contribute to AH secretion by effecting bicarbonate transport into the eye.	Bicarbonates	146-157	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	5-9
19011010-15	2009	AE2, CAII, and CAIV are enriched in the NPE layer of the ciliary body, and their coordinated function may contribute to AH secretion by effecting bicarbonate transport into the eye.	Bicarbonates	146-157	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
19276390-8	2009	In tail vein injections of alternative cancer models, bicarbonate had mixed results, inhibiting the formation of metastases from PC3M prostate cancer cells, but not those of B16 melanoma.	Bicarbonates	54-65	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	129-132
19365592-5	2009	Intracellular pH and voltage measurements show that Slc26a9 is a nCl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchanger, suggesting roles in gastric HCl secretion or pulmonary HCO(3)(-) secretion; Na(+) electrodes and uptakes reveal that Slc26a9 has a cation dependence.	Bicarbonates	72-78	nucleolin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	65-68
19295148-6	2009	In mice deficient for the neuronal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger AE3, GDPs were also diminished.	Bicarbonates	41-47	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	61-64
19279262-0	2009	Carbonic anhydrases CA4 and CA14 both enhance AE3-mediated Cl--HCO3- exchange in hippocampal neurons.	Bicarbonates	63-67	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	20-23
19279262-0	2009	Carbonic anhydrases CA4 and CA14 both enhance AE3-mediated Cl--HCO3- exchange in hippocampal neurons.	Bicarbonates	63-67	carbonic anhydrase 14	Mus musculus	28-32
19279262-0	2009	Carbonic anhydrases CA4 and CA14 both enhance AE3-mediated Cl--HCO3- exchange in hippocampal neurons.	Bicarbonates	63-67	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	46-49
19118115-1	2009	Close intra-arterial infusion of the appetite regulating peptide orexin-A stimulates bicarbonate secretion from the duodenal mucosa.	Bicarbonates	85-96	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
19121635-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In murine duodenum, Dra Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange is concentrated in the lower crypt-villus axis where it is subject to Cftr regulation.	Bicarbonates	43-49	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	33-36
19129463-3	2009	Furthermore, we aimed to test the concept that OATP/Oatp transport activity is accompanied by extrusion of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	47-51
19129463-3	2009	Furthermore, we aimed to test the concept that OATP/Oatp transport activity is accompanied by extrusion of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	52-56
19129463-7	2009	Using online intracellular pH measurements in OATP/Oatp-transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, we could demonstrate the presence of a 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid-sensitive chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in CHO-K1 cells and that OATP/Oatp-mediated substrate transport is paralleled by bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	215-226	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	46-50
19129463-7	2009	Using online intracellular pH measurements in OATP/Oatp-transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, we could demonstrate the presence of a 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid-sensitive chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in CHO-K1 cells and that OATP/Oatp-mediated substrate transport is paralleled by bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	215-226	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	51-55
19129463-7	2009	Using online intracellular pH measurements in OATP/Oatp-transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, we could demonstrate the presence of a 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid-sensitive chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in CHO-K1 cells and that OATP/Oatp-mediated substrate transport is paralleled by bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	215-226	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	262-266
19129463-7	2009	Using online intracellular pH measurements in OATP/Oatp-transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, we could demonstrate the presence of a 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid-sensitive chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in CHO-K1 cells and that OATP/Oatp-mediated substrate transport is paralleled by bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	215-226	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	267-271
19129463-8	2009	We conclude that the pH dependency of OATPs/Oatps may lead to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment and that the OATP/Oatp-mediated substrate transport into cells is generally compensated or accompanied by bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	235-246	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	38-42
19129463-8	2009	We conclude that the pH dependency of OATPs/Oatps may lead to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment and that the OATP/Oatp-mediated substrate transport into cells is generally compensated or accompanied by bicarbonate efflux.	Bicarbonates	235-246	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	44-48
19252507-5	2009	The absence of HCO3-, a key factor in activating capacitation, from the capacitation-inducing medium prevents the loss of NYD-SP27 from sperm.	Bicarbonates	15-19	phospholipase C zeta 1	Homo sapiens	122-130
19391452-3	2009	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	97-108	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-56
19391452-3	2009	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	97-108	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
19121635-4	2009	Therefore, the role of down-regulated in adenoma (Dra) in duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion was investigated using DraKO mice.	Bicarbonates	67-73	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	50-53
19121635-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In murine duodenum, Dra Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange is concentrated in the lower crypt-villus axis where it is subject to Cftr regulation.	Bicarbonates	43-49	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	132-136
19121635-14	2009	Dra activity contributes most basal HCO(3)(-) secretion and approximately 50% of cAMP-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	36-42	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-3
19121635-14	2009	Dra activity contributes most basal HCO(3)(-) secretion and approximately 50% of cAMP-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	97-103	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-3
19121635-15	2009	Dra Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange should be considered in efforts to normalize HCO(3)(-) secretion in duodenal disorders such as ulcer disease and cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	10-16	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-3
19121635-15	2009	Dra Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange should be considered in efforts to normalize HCO(3)(-) secretion in duodenal disorders such as ulcer disease and cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	74-80	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-3
19221439-3	2009	To study their biological roles in vivo, we investigated CFTR-dependent duodenal HCO3- secretion in mouse models of Nherf1, Nherf2, and Pdzk1 loss of function.	Bicarbonates	81-85	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	57-61
19221439-4	2009	We found that Nherf1 ablation strongly reduced basal as well as forskolin-stimulated (FSK-stimulated) HCO3- secretory rates and blocked beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) stimulation.	Bicarbonates	102-106	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 regulator 1	Mus musculus	14-20
19221439-5	2009	Conversely, Nherf2-/- mice displayed augmented FSK-stimulated HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	62-66	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 regulator 2	Mus musculus	12-18
19019741-0	2009	Mechanism of direct bicarbonate transport by the CFTR anion channel.	Bicarbonates	20-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	49-53
19221439-7	2009	Pdzk1 ablation reduced basal, but not FSK-stimulated, HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	54-58	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	0-5
19019741-1	2009	BACKGROUND: CFTR contributes to HCO(3)(-) transport in epithelial cells both directly (by HCO(3)(-) permeation through the channel) and indirectly (by regulating Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange proteins).	Bicarbonates	32-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-16
19019741-1	2009	BACKGROUND: CFTR contributes to HCO(3)(-) transport in epithelial cells both directly (by HCO(3)(-) permeation through the channel) and indirectly (by regulating Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange proteins).	Bicarbonates	90-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-16
19019741-3	2009	METHODS: Patch clamp recordings from membrane patches excised from cells heterologously expressing wild type and mutant forms of human CFTR were used to isolate directly CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport and characterize its functional properties.	Bicarbonates	184-190	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
19221439-9	2009	These data suggest that the NHERF proteins differentially modulate duodenal HCO3- secretion: while NHERF1 is an obligatory linker for beta2-AR stimulation of CFTR, NHERF2 confers inhibitory signals by coupling the LPA receptor to CFTR.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 regulator 1	Mus musculus	28-33
19019741-3	2009	METHODS: Patch clamp recordings from membrane patches excised from cells heterologously expressing wild type and mutant forms of human CFTR were used to isolate directly CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport and characterize its functional properties.	Bicarbonates	184-190	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-174
19019741-5	2009	CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) currents were inhibited by open channel blockers DNDS, glibenclamide and suramin, and these inhibitions were affected by mutations within the channel pore.	Bicarbonates	14-20	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
19019741-7	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) share a common transport pathway in CFTR, and selectivity between Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) is independent of ionic conditions.	Bicarbonates	23-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
19019741-7	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) share a common transport pathway in CFTR, and selectivity between Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) is independent of ionic conditions.	Bicarbonates	109-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
19157624-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger 2 (AE2) is involved in intracellular pH (pH(i)) regulation and transepithelial acid-base transport, including secretin-stimulated biliary bicarbonate excretion.	Bicarbonates	187-198	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	33-50
19157624-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger 2 (AE2) is involved in intracellular pH (pH(i)) regulation and transepithelial acid-base transport, including secretin-stimulated biliary bicarbonate excretion.	Bicarbonates	187-198	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	52-55
19221439-9	2009	These data suggest that the NHERF proteins differentially modulate duodenal HCO3- secretion: while NHERF1 is an obligatory linker for beta2-AR stimulation of CFTR, NHERF2 confers inhibitory signals by coupling the LPA receptor to CFTR.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 regulator 1	Mus musculus	99-105
19221439-9	2009	These data suggest that the NHERF proteins differentially modulate duodenal HCO3- secretion: while NHERF1 is an obligatory linker for beta2-AR stimulation of CFTR, NHERF2 confers inhibitory signals by coupling the LPA receptor to CFTR.	Bicarbonates	76-80	adrenergic receptor, beta 2	Mus musculus	134-142
19221439-9	2009	These data suggest that the NHERF proteins differentially modulate duodenal HCO3- secretion: while NHERF1 is an obligatory linker for beta2-AR stimulation of CFTR, NHERF2 confers inhibitory signals by coupling the LPA receptor to CFTR.	Bicarbonates	76-80	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	158-162
19204187-1	2009	Pancreatic duct epithelium secretes a HCO(3)(-)-rich fluid by a mechanism dependent on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	38-45	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	87-138
19221439-9	2009	These data suggest that the NHERF proteins differentially modulate duodenal HCO3- secretion: while NHERF1 is an obligatory linker for beta2-AR stimulation of CFTR, NHERF2 confers inhibitory signals by coupling the LPA receptor to CFTR.	Bicarbonates	76-80	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 regulator 2	Mus musculus	164-170
19204187-1	2009	Pancreatic duct epithelium secretes a HCO(3)(-)-rich fluid by a mechanism dependent on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	38-45	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	140-144
19204187-3	2009	One possibility is that the HCO(3)(-) permeability of CFTR provides a pathway for apical HCO(3)(-) efflux during maximal secretion.	Bicarbonates	28-34	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	54-58
19019741-9	2009	We suggest that mutations in CFTR that cause cystic fibrosis by selectively disrupting HCO(3)(-) transport do not impair direct CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport, but may predominantly alter CFTR regulation of other HCO(3)(-) transport pathways.	Bicarbonates	87-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
19221439-9	2009	These data suggest that the NHERF proteins differentially modulate duodenal HCO3- secretion: while NHERF1 is an obligatory linker for beta2-AR stimulation of CFTR, NHERF2 confers inhibitory signals by coupling the LPA receptor to CFTR.	Bicarbonates	76-80	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	230-234
19019741-9	2009	We suggest that mutations in CFTR that cause cystic fibrosis by selectively disrupting HCO(3)(-) transport do not impair direct CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport, but may predominantly alter CFTR regulation of other HCO(3)(-) transport pathways.	Bicarbonates	142-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
19019741-9	2009	We suggest that mutations in CFTR that cause cystic fibrosis by selectively disrupting HCO(3)(-) transport do not impair direct CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) transport, but may predominantly alter CFTR regulation of other HCO(3)(-) transport pathways.	Bicarbonates	142-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
19204187-3	2009	One possibility is that the HCO(3)(-) permeability of CFTR provides a pathway for apical HCO(3)(-) efflux during maximal secretion.	Bicarbonates	89-95	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	54-58
19204187-6	2009	Apical HCO(3)(-) fluxes activated by cyclic AMP were independent of Cl(-) and luminal Na(+), and substantially inhibited by the CFTR blocker, CFTR(inh)-172.	Bicarbonates	7-13	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	128-132
19128966-3	2009	Many simple inorganic anions (thiocyanate, cyanide, azide, bicarbonate, hydrogen sulfide, bisulfite and sulfate) showed low micromolar inhibition constants against mCA XV (K(I)s of 8.2-10.1 microM), whereas they acted as much weaker (usually millimolar) inhibitors of other isoforms.	Bicarbonates	59-70	carbonic anhydrase 15	Mus musculus	164-170
19204187-6	2009	Apical HCO(3)(-) fluxes activated by cyclic AMP were independent of Cl(-) and luminal Na(+), and substantially inhibited by the CFTR blocker, CFTR(inh)-172.	Bicarbonates	7-13	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	142-146
19204187-11	2009	This suggests that CFTR functions as a HCO(3)(-) channel in pancreatic duct cells, and that it provides a significant pathway for HCO(3)(-) transport across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	39-45	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	19-23
24150555-9	2009	Collectively, these data demonstrate that the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate in youth athletes is an effective buffer during high intensity interval swimming and suggest that such a procedure can be used in youth athletes to increase training intensity as well as swimming performance in competition at distances from 50 to 200 m. Key pointsSodium bicarbonate is an effective ergogenic aid, also in youth athletes.Sodium bicarbonate intake improves swimming sprint performance.Sodium bicarbonate intake increases resting blood pH and bicarbonate level.	Bicarbonates	66-77	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	387-390
19128966-5	2009	Our data may be useful for the design of more potent inhibitors of mCA XV (considering various zinc binding groups present in the anions investigated here, e.g., the sulfonate one) and for understanding some physiologic/pharmacologic consequences of mCA XV inhibition by anions such as bicarbonate or sulfate which show quite high affinity for it.	Bicarbonates	286-297	carbonic anhydrase 15	Mus musculus	67-73
18931049-4	2009	Recent work has provided an understanding of the key role of the CFTR anion channel in the regulation of HCO(3)(-) secretion, and the important consequences that a defect in HCO(3)(-) output may have on the viscoelastic properties of mucus, on lipid absorption and on male and female reproductive function.	Bicarbonates	105-111	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	65-69
19074559-0	2009	Interleukin-17A induces bicarbonate secretion in normal human bronchial epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	24-35	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	0-15
19181845-0	2009	Guanylyl cyclase-D in the olfactory CO2 neurons is activated by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	64-75	guanylate cyclase 2d	Mus musculus	0-18
19181845-4	2009	Here, we show that bicarbonate activates cGMP-producing ability of guanylyl cyclase-D (GC-D), a membrane GC exclusively expressed in the CO(2)-responsive OSNs, by directly acting on the intracellular cyclase domain of GC-D.	Bicarbonates	19-30	guanylate cyclase 2d	Mus musculus	67-85
19181845-4	2009	Here, we show that bicarbonate activates cGMP-producing ability of guanylyl cyclase-D (GC-D), a membrane GC exclusively expressed in the CO(2)-responsive OSNs, by directly acting on the intracellular cyclase domain of GC-D.	Bicarbonates	19-30	guanylate cyclase 2d	Mus musculus	87-91
19181845-4	2009	Here, we show that bicarbonate activates cGMP-producing ability of guanylyl cyclase-D (GC-D), a membrane GC exclusively expressed in the CO(2)-responsive OSNs, by directly acting on the intracellular cyclase domain of GC-D.	Bicarbonates	19-30	guanylate cyclase 2d	Mus musculus	218-222
19074559-6	2009	Exposure of HBE monolayers to IL-17A for 48 h induced a novel forskolin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in addition to forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion and resulted in alkalinization of liquid on the mucosal surface of polarized cells.	Bicarbonates	83-94	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	30-36
19074559-7	2009	IL-17A-induced bicarbonate secretion was cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent, mucosal chloride-dependent, partially Na(+)-dependent, and sensitive to serosal, but not mucosal, stilbene inhibition.	Bicarbonates	15-26	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	0-6
19074559-7	2009	IL-17A-induced bicarbonate secretion was cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent, mucosal chloride-dependent, partially Na(+)-dependent, and sensitive to serosal, but not mucosal, stilbene inhibition.	Bicarbonates	15-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-92
19074559-7	2009	IL-17A-induced bicarbonate secretion was cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent, mucosal chloride-dependent, partially Na(+)-dependent, and sensitive to serosal, but not mucosal, stilbene inhibition.	Bicarbonates	15-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
19074559-8	2009	These data suggest that IL-17A modulates epithelial bicarbonate secretion and implicate a mechanism by which airway surface liquid pH changes may be abnormal in cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	52-63	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	24-30
19179382-0	2009	Is an increase in duodenal bicarbonate concentration after STa really enhanced bicarbonate ion secretion?	Bicarbonates	79-90	GCY	Homo sapiens	59-62
19687722-2	2009	Secretin is a polypeptide hormone that has numerous physiological effects, including stimulation of the pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate-rich fluid and transient increase in the tone in the sphincter of Oddi.	Bicarbonates	128-139	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
18618322-5	2009	Inhibition data of the cytosolic isozymes hCA I - hCA III with a large number of anions (halides, pseudohalides, bicarbonate, carbonate, nitrate, nitrite, hydrosulfide, sulfate, sulfamic acid, sulfamide, etc.	Bicarbonates	113-124	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
18618322-5	2009	Inhibition data of the cytosolic isozymes hCA I - hCA III with a large number of anions (halides, pseudohalides, bicarbonate, carbonate, nitrate, nitrite, hydrosulfide, sulfate, sulfamic acid, sulfamide, etc.	Bicarbonates	113-124	HCA1	Homo sapiens	42-45
19536486-8	2009	Furthermore, only in the CB did HCO(3) upregulate sAC gene expression and increase cAMP levels.	Bicarbonates	32-38	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
19536486-0	2009	Bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) mRNA expression and activity in peripheral chemoreceptors.	Bicarbonates	0-11	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	22-46
19536486-10	2009	In the CB, CO(2)/HCO(3) not only activated sAC but also regulated its expression, suggesting that sAC may be involved in the regulation of cAMP levels in response to hyper/hypocapnia.	Bicarbonates	17-23	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
19536486-0	2009	Bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) mRNA expression and activity in peripheral chemoreceptors.	Bicarbonates	0-11	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
19536486-2	2009	Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly stimulated by bicarbonate ions (HCO(3)).	Bicarbonates	57-68	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-24
19536486-10	2009	In the CB, CO(2)/HCO(3) not only activated sAC but also regulated its expression, suggesting that sAC may be involved in the regulation of cAMP levels in response to hyper/hypocapnia.	Bicarbonates	17-23	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
19536486-2	2009	Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly stimulated by bicarbonate ions (HCO(3)).	Bicarbonates	57-68	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
18784352-1	2009	Our previous study demonstrated the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in transporting bicarbonate that is necessary for sperm capacitation; however, whether its involvement is direct or indirect remains unclear.	Bicarbonates	126-137	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	51-102
19536486-2	2009	Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly stimulated by bicarbonate ions (HCO(3)).	Bicarbonates	75-81	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-24
19536486-2	2009	Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly stimulated by bicarbonate ions (HCO(3)).	Bicarbonates	75-81	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
18784352-1	2009	Our previous study demonstrated the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in transporting bicarbonate that is necessary for sperm capacitation; however, whether its involvement is direct or indirect remains unclear.	Bicarbonates	126-137	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	104-108
18784352-8	2009	Taken together, our results indicate that Cl- is required for the entry of HCO3- that is necessary for sperm capacitation, implicating the involvement of SLC26A3 in transporting HCO3-, with CFTR providing the recycling pathway for Cl-.	Bicarbonates	75-79	chloride anion exchanger	Cavia porcellus	154-161
18764780-6	2009	In the presence of (bi)carbonate and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid) (to suppress copper chemistry), CO(*-) produced distinct radical sites in both SOD1 and HSA, which caused protein aggregation without causing protein fragmentation.	Bicarbonates	19-32	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	159-163
18784352-8	2009	Taken together, our results indicate that Cl- is required for the entry of HCO3- that is necessary for sperm capacitation, implicating the involvement of SLC26A3 in transporting HCO3-, with CFTR providing the recycling pathway for Cl-.	Bicarbonates	75-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	190-194
18764780-8	2009	Finally, we propose a biochemical mechanism to explain CO(*-) production from CO2, enhanced protein radical formation and protection by (bi)carbonate against H2O2-induced fragmentation of the SOD1 active site.	Bicarbonates	136-149	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	192-196
18784352-8	2009	Taken together, our results indicate that Cl- is required for the entry of HCO3- that is necessary for sperm capacitation, implicating the involvement of SLC26A3 in transporting HCO3-, with CFTR providing the recycling pathway for Cl-.	Bicarbonates	178-182	chloride anion exchanger	Cavia porcellus	154-161
19212908-6	2009	Patients in bicarbonate group had more severe renal disease with higher baseline SCr (1.58 +/- 0.5 mg/dL vs. 1.28 +/- 0.3 mg/dL, p = 0.001) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, 51.06 +/- 14.0 mL/min vs. 62.3+/-13.5 mL/min, p = 0.001) compared to the normal saline group.	Bicarbonates	12-23	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	188-192
18926940-10	2009	CONCLUSION: In calcium sufficiency, the acid calcium-rich water had no effect on bone resorption, while the alkaline water rich in bicarbonate led to a significant decrease of PTH and of S-CTX.	Bicarbonates	131-142	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	176-179
19255504-9	2009	Absence of bicarbonate, a redox-mediated regulator of endothelial response to various stresses, increased IMD mRNA and ADM mRNA expression.	Bicarbonates	11-22	adrenomedullin 2	Homo sapiens	106-109
19255504-9	2009	Absence of bicarbonate, a redox-mediated regulator of endothelial response to various stresses, increased IMD mRNA and ADM mRNA expression.	Bicarbonates	11-22	adrenomedullin	Homo sapiens	119-122
19255504-11	2009	These vigorous responses in IMD mRNA expression were further enhanced by incubation in 5% serum in DMEM without bicarbonate, but in a selective manner since ADM expression was suppressed by serum.	Bicarbonates	112-123	adrenomedullin 2	Homo sapiens	28-31
19033647-0	2009	IRBIT coordinates epithelial fluid and HCO3- secretion by stimulating the transporters pNBC1 and CFTR in the murine pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	39-43	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1	Mus musculus	0-5
19033647-3	2009	Here we report that the protein IRBIT (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [IP3] receptors binding protein released with IP3), a previously identified activator of pNBC1, activates both the basolateral pNBC1 and the luminal CFTR to coordinate fluid and HCO3- secretion by the pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	246-250	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1	Mus musculus	32-37
19033647-3	2009	Here we report that the protein IRBIT (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [IP3] receptors binding protein released with IP3), a previously identified activator of pNBC1, activates both the basolateral pNBC1 and the luminal CFTR to coordinate fluid and HCO3- secretion by the pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	246-250	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	217-221
19033647-5	2009	Short interference RNA-mediated knockdown of IRBIT markedly inhibited ductal pNBC1 and CFTR activities, luminal Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion, and the associated fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	131-135	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1	Mus musculus	45-50
19033647-8	2009	These findings define IRBIT as a key coordinator of epithelial fluid and HCO3- secretion and may have implications to all CFTR-expressing epithelia and to cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	73-77	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1	Mus musculus	22-27
20224216-4	2009	Recently the apical exchanger in pancreatic ducts has been identified as SLC26A6 and this probably mediates most of Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	132-139	anion exchanger SLC26A6	Xenopus laevis	73-80
20224216-8	2009	Preliminary data suggest that the 1: 2 stoichiometry of SLC26A6 would favor HCO(3)(-) secretion at higher concentrations.	Bicarbonates	76-82	anion exchanger SLC26A6	Xenopus laevis	56-63
20224218-0	2009	Effects of Slc26a6 deletion and CFTR inhibition on HCO3- secretion by mouse pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	51-55	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	32-36
20224218-1	2009	Pancreatic duct epithelium secretes HCO(3)(-)-rich fluid, which is dependent on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	36-42	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	80-131
20224218-1	2009	Pancreatic duct epithelium secretes HCO(3)(-)-rich fluid, which is dependent on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	36-42	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	133-137
20224218-2	2009	HCO(3)(-) transport across the apical membrane is thought to be mediated by both SLC26A6 Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange and CFTR HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	0-6	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	81-88
20224218-2	2009	HCO(3)(-) transport across the apical membrane is thought to be mediated by both SLC26A6 Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange and CFTR HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	0-6	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	118-122
20224218-2	2009	HCO(3)(-) transport across the apical membrane is thought to be mediated by both SLC26A6 Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange and CFTR HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	95-101	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	81-88
20224218-3	2009	In this study we examined the relative contribution and interaction of SLC26A6 and CFTR in apical HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	98-104	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	71-78
20224218-3	2009	In this study we examined the relative contribution and interaction of SLC26A6 and CFTR in apical HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	98-104	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	83-87
20224218-9	2009	This suggests that slc26a6 and CFTR compensate/compete with each other for apical HCO(3)(-) secretion with high Cl(-) in the lumen.	Bicarbonates	82-88	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	19-26
20224218-9	2009	This suggests that slc26a6 and CFTR compensate/compete with each other for apical HCO(3)(-) secretion with high Cl(-) in the lumen.	Bicarbonates	82-88	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	31-35
20224218-10	2009	With high HCO(3)(-) in the lumen, luminal CFTRinh-172 reduced the rate of apical HCO(3)(-) secretion in both wild-type and slc26a6 -/- ducts.	Bicarbonates	10-16	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	123-130
20224218-10	2009	With high HCO(3)(-) in the lumen, luminal CFTRinh-172 reduced the rate of apical HCO(3)(-) secretion in both wild-type and slc26a6 -/- ducts.	Bicarbonates	81-87	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	123-130
20224218-11	2009	This suggests that HCO(3)(-) conductance of CFTR mediates a significant portion of apical HCO(3)(-) secretion with high HCO(3)(-) in the lumen.	Bicarbonates	19-25	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	44-48
20224218-11	2009	This suggests that HCO(3)(-) conductance of CFTR mediates a significant portion of apical HCO(3)(-) secretion with high HCO(3)(-) in the lumen.	Bicarbonates	90-96	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	44-48
20224219-0	2009	The role of CFTR in bicarbonate secretion by pancreatic duct and airway epithelia.	Bicarbonates	20-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-16
20224219-3	2009	CFTR is predominantly a Cl(-) channel, and it is widely believed that HCO(3)(-) secretion in the pancreatic duct is mediated mainly by a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger at the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	143-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
20224219-4	2009	Studies on airway epithelia, however, have suggested that CFTR, despite its low permeability to HCO(3)(-), may nonetheless be directly responsible for HCO(3)(-) secretion across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	96-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
20224219-4	2009	Studies on airway epithelia, however, have suggested that CFTR, despite its low permeability to HCO(3)(-), may nonetheless be directly responsible for HCO(3)(-) secretion across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	151-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
20224223-2	2009	HCO(3)(-) efflux across the luminal membrane is mediated by a Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchanger operating in parallel with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel.	Bicarbonates	0-6	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	119-170
20224223-2	2009	HCO(3)(-) efflux across the luminal membrane is mediated by a Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchanger operating in parallel with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel.	Bicarbonates	0-6	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
18971331-6	2008	Here, we report that the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2 (SLC4A2), is up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation.	Bicarbonates	25-36	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	57-107
18993072-2	2008	The protein encoded by the Nce103 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a beta-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) designated as scCA, has been cloned, purified, characterized kinetically, and investigated for its inhibition with a series simple, inorganic anions such as halogenides, pseudohalogenides, bicarbonate, carbonate, nitrate, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, bisulfite, perchlorate, sulfate, and some of its isosteric species.	Bicarbonates	300-311	carbonate dehydratase NCE103	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-33
18784260-9	2008	The loss of claudin-16 also resulted in increased urinary flow, reduced HCO(3)(-) excretion, and lower urine pH.	Bicarbonates	72-78	claudin 16	Mus musculus	12-22
19139605-6	2008	Arachidonic acid or 5,6-EET also suppressed the stimulatory effect of Ang II on net proximal tubule bicarbonate absorption without changing cell Ca2+ concentrations.	Bicarbonates	100-111	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	70-76
18834156-6	2008	Adsorption of SPL-2923 is enhanced by the presence of Ca2+ ions and depressed by the presence of HCO3- and HPO4(2-) ions, whereas SPL-7013 adsorption is only depressed by the presence of HPO4(2-) ions, suggesting a dendrimer-specific competitive adsorption process.	Bicarbonates	97-101	sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
18971331-6	2008	Here, we report that the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2 (SLC4A2), is up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation.	Bicarbonates	25-36	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	109-115
18650246-1	2008	Noncholinergic neurons contribute to innate airway defenses by releasing vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP), which stimulates the submucosal glands to produce a bicarbonate-rich fluid containing mucins and antimicrobial factors.	Bicarbonates	163-174	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	105-108
18815229-13	2008	Stable association of NBCn1 at the membrane may facilitate constitutive uptake of HCO(3)(-) across the BLM, thus supporting HCO(3)(-) luminal secretion and/or maintaining acid-base homeostasis in stimulated cells.	Bicarbonates	82-88	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
18815229-13	2008	Stable association of NBCn1 at the membrane may facilitate constitutive uptake of HCO(3)(-) across the BLM, thus supporting HCO(3)(-) luminal secretion and/or maintaining acid-base homeostasis in stimulated cells.	Bicarbonates	124-130	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
18981658-4	2008	The physiological roles of CA-VI in the nasal mucosal epithelium and glands might maintain bicarbonate levels in nasal secretions and protect the mucosa against acid.	Bicarbonates	91-102	carbonic anhydrase 6	Canis lupus familiaris	27-32
18660503-4	2008	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption was reduced 45% by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002 and 50% by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream effector of PI3K.	Bicarbonates	14-20	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	175-204
18827800-1	2008	Congenital chloride diarrhea is due to mutations in the intestinal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange (SLC26A3) which results in sodium chloride and fluid depletion leading to hypochloremic and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.	Bicarbonates	73-82	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	93-100
18660503-11	2008	These findings indicate that NGF inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through the parallel activation of PI3K-mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, which converge to inhibit NHE1.	Bicarbonates	42-48	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	29-32
18660503-4	2008	Inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption was reduced 45% by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002 and 50% by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream effector of PI3K.	Bicarbonates	14-20	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	206-210
18660503-11	2008	These findings indicate that NGF inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through the parallel activation of PI3K-mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, which converge to inhibit NHE1.	Bicarbonates	42-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
18588858-0	2008	NBCe2 exhibits a 3 HCO3(-):1 Na+ stoichiometry in mouse choroid plexus epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	19-23	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
18684715-3	2008	Indeed, when phosphate was replaced by arsenate, vanadate, or bicarbonate, the inhibitory effects of CsA and of CyP-D ablation on the PTP disappeared.	Bicarbonates	62-73	excision repaiross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 8	Mus musculus	101-104
18684715-3	2008	Indeed, when phosphate was replaced by arsenate, vanadate, or bicarbonate, the inhibitory effects of CsA and of CyP-D ablation on the PTP disappeared.	Bicarbonates	62-73	peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F)	Mus musculus	112-117
18588858-5	2008	The reversal potential for the HCO3(-)-induced current was -95.1+/-7.1 mV (n=11), a value which corresponds to a NBCe2 transport stoichiometry of 3 HCO3(-) with 1 Na(+).	Bicarbonates	31-35	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	113-118
18588858-5	2008	The reversal potential for the HCO3(-)-induced current was -95.1+/-7.1 mV (n=11), a value which corresponds to a NBCe2 transport stoichiometry of 3 HCO3(-) with 1 Na(+).	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	113-118
18588858-6	2008	The NBCe2, with this stoichiometry, will mediate the efflux of HCO3(-) and Na(+) from the cell into the cerebrospinal fluid at the apical membrane of the choroid plexus.	Bicarbonates	63-67	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	4-9
18667717-7	2008	Thus we speculate that the elevation of plasma cortisol during hypercapnia contributes to transcriptional activation of NHE3 that ultimately promotes acid-base regulation by stimulating H(+) secretion and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	205-211	sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3	Oncorhynchus mykiss	120-124
18614622-11	2008	In contrast, in cells transfected with the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutant, G418 treatment induced Na(+)- and HCO(3)(-)-dependent transport that did not differ from wild-type NBCe1-A function.	Bicarbonates	98-104	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	43-50
18550692-10	2008	These results suggest that NO stimulates gastric HCO(3)(-) secretion mediated intracellularly by cGMP and modified by both PDE1 and PDE5, and this response is finally mediated by endogenous PGE(2) via the activation of EP1 receptors.	Bicarbonates	49-55	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	132-136
30290408-3	2008	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a sodium-independent transporter of iodide/chloride, chloride/formate and bicarbonate, that is expressed in the inner ear, thyroid gland, syncytiotrophoblast cells, endometrium and kidney.	Bicarbonates	99-110	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
30290408-3	2008	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a sodium-independent transporter of iodide/chloride, chloride/formate and bicarbonate, that is expressed in the inner ear, thyroid gland, syncytiotrophoblast cells, endometrium and kidney.	Bicarbonates	99-110	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	16-23
18719333-7	2008	In HCO(3)(-)/CO(2)-buffered solution, the steady-state pHi was 7.17 +/- 0.01 (n = 19).	Bicarbonates	3-12	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	55-58
18692402-3	2008	Pendred syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin, a transporter of chloride, bicarbonate and iodide.	Bicarbonates	121-132	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	57-64
18692402-3	2008	Pendred syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin, a transporter of chloride, bicarbonate and iodide.	Bicarbonates	121-132	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	85-92
18565999-0	2008	The Slc26a4 transporter functions as an electroneutral Cl-/I-/HCO3- exchanger: role of Slc26a4 and Slc26a6 in I- and HCO3- secretion and in regulation of CFTR in the parotid duct.	Bicarbonates	62-66	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	4-11
18671353-1	2008	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II), among the fastest enzymes known, catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO 2 to HCO 3 (-).	Bicarbonates	117-122	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
18577713-0	2008	Cloning and characterization of novel human SLC4A8 gene products encoding Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3(-) exchanger variants NDCBE-A, -C, and -D. The reported sequences of the human and mouse Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3(-) exchangers (NDCBEs) differ greatly in their extreme cytosolic COOH termini (Ct).	Bicarbonates	89-93	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	44-50
18577713-0	2008	Cloning and characterization of novel human SLC4A8 gene products encoding Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3(-) exchanger variants NDCBE-A, -C, and -D. The reported sequences of the human and mouse Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3(-) exchangers (NDCBEs) differ greatly in their extreme cytosolic COOH termini (Ct).	Bicarbonates	89-93	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	116-123
20641941-0	2004	(99m)Tc-Tricarbonyl-K-H-K-H-cholecystokinin 8 Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone that has an important role in the digestion of food because it stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic enzyme secretion, and in the presence of secretin it enhances blood flow and bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas (1).	Bicarbonates	286-297	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	63-66
18565999-0	2008	The Slc26a4 transporter functions as an electroneutral Cl-/I-/HCO3- exchanger: role of Slc26a4 and Slc26a6 in I- and HCO3- secretion and in regulation of CFTR in the parotid duct.	Bicarbonates	62-66	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	87-94
18577713-0	2008	Cloning and characterization of novel human SLC4A8 gene products encoding Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3(-) exchanger variants NDCBE-A, -C, and -D. The reported sequences of the human and mouse Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3(-) exchangers (NDCBEs) differ greatly in their extreme cytosolic COOH termini (Ct).	Bicarbonates	198-202	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	44-50
18565999-1	2008	Transcellular Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) transport is a vital function of secretory epithelia and exit across the luminal membrane is mediated by members of the SLC26 transporters in conjunction with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel.	Bicarbonates	24-30	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	193-244
18565999-1	2008	Transcellular Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) transport is a vital function of secretory epithelia and exit across the luminal membrane is mediated by members of the SLC26 transporters in conjunction with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel.	Bicarbonates	24-30	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	246-250
18565999-6	2008	By contrast, Slc26a6 mediates luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity with minimal role in I(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	44-50	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	13-20
18565999-7	2008	Furthermore, silencing of CFTR altered Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange by Slc26a6, but had no effect on I(-) secretion by Slc26a4.	Bicarbonates	45-51	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	26-30
18565999-7	2008	Furthermore, silencing of CFTR altered Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange by Slc26a6, but had no effect on I(-) secretion by Slc26a4.	Bicarbonates	45-51	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	67-74
18363901-0	2008	CFTR and its key role in in vivo resting and luminal acid-induced duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	75-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
18480299-1	2008	The SLC4A1/AE1 gene encodes the electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger of erythrocytes and renal type A intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	53-59	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	4-10
18480299-1	2008	The SLC4A1/AE1 gene encodes the electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger of erythrocytes and renal type A intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	53-59	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	11-14
18363901-5	2008	In contrast, basal HCO(3)(-) secretion was markedly reduced in CFTR-deficient mice compared with WT littermates both at high and low blood HCO(3)(-) concentration.	Bicarbonates	19-25	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	63-67
18363901-5	2008	In contrast, basal HCO(3)(-) secretion was markedly reduced in CFTR-deficient mice compared with WT littermates both at high and low blood HCO(3)(-) concentration.	Bicarbonates	139-145	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	63-67
18363901-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of Slc26a6 in basal HCO(3)(-) secretion in murine duodenum in vivo is critically dependent on the systemic acid/base status, and this transporter is not involved in acid-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	49-55	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	32-39
18363901-9	2008	The presence of CFTR is essential for basal and acid-induced HCO(3)(-) secretion irrespective of acid/base status.	Bicarbonates	61-67	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	16-20
18363901-10	2008	This suggests a coupled action of Slc26a6 with CFTR for murine basal duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion, but not acid-stimulated secretion, in vivo.	Bicarbonates	78-84	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	34-41
18363901-10	2008	This suggests a coupled action of Slc26a6 with CFTR for murine basal duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion, but not acid-stimulated secretion, in vivo.	Bicarbonates	78-84	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	47-51
18591422-12	2008	These results suggest that serous acinar cells secrete HCO(3)(-) during Ca(2+)-evoked fluid secretion by a mechanism that involves the apical membrane secretory Cl(-) channel, with HCO(3)(-) secretion sustained by activation of NHE1 in the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	55-61	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	228-232
18613815-1	2008	PC (pyruvate carboxylase) is a biotin-containing enzyme that catalyses the HCO(3)(-)- and MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate.	Bicarbonates	75-82	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	0-2
18613815-1	2008	PC (pyruvate carboxylase) is a biotin-containing enzyme that catalyses the HCO(3)(-)- and MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate.	Bicarbonates	75-82	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	4-24
18666004-2	2008	Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) hCA IX and XII isozymes are tumor associated isoforms which contribute to acidification of the tumor environment by catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons.In the present study our goal was to investigate the inhibition effects of 15 different antibiotics belonging to the following classes: Lactams, cephalosporins, macrolides etc., on the tumor associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes hCA-IX, hCA-XII and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase hCA-I and hCA-II.	Bicarbonates	193-204	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	447-453
18666004-2	2008	Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) hCA IX and XII isozymes are tumor associated isoforms which contribute to acidification of the tumor environment by catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons.In the present study our goal was to investigate the inhibition effects of 15 different antibiotics belonging to the following classes: Lactams, cephalosporins, macrolides etc., on the tumor associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes hCA-IX, hCA-XII and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase hCA-I and hCA-II.	Bicarbonates	193-204	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	455-462
18644066-10	2008	Participants in the highest quartile of bicarbonate had fasting insulin 12.76 pmol/l lower [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.96, 19.55; P for trend &lt; 0.01] than those in the lowest quartile.	Bicarbonates	40-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
18644066-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Lower bicarbonate and higher anion gap are independently associated with insulin resistance.	Bicarbonates	19-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
18506850-4	2008	Late preconditioning induced the nuclear translocation of HIF-1 and the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a HIF-1-regulated transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes bicarbonate production.	Bicarbonates	170-181	carbonic anhydrase 9	Rattus norvegicus	86-107
18506850-4	2008	Late preconditioning induced the nuclear translocation of HIF-1 and the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a HIF-1-regulated transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes bicarbonate production.	Bicarbonates	170-181	carbonic anhydrase 9	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
18310264-5	2008	Accordingly, these mutations abolished complex glycosylation and Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activities of pendrin.	Bicarbonates	71-78	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	104-111
18420826-5	2008	During CO(2) challenge, CFTR(inh)-172 induced HCO(3)(-) absorption, while inhibiting PV acidification.	Bicarbonates	46-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
18281316-0	2008	Induction of NO synthase 2 in ventricular cardiomyocytes incubated with a conventional bicarbonate dialysis bath.	Bicarbonates	87-98	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	13-26
18385283-7	2008	Furthermore, the dual activation of CFTR and KCa channels by apical adenosine resulted in a mixed secretion of chloride and bicarbonate, which may alter the anion composition in the secretion induced by secretagogues that elicit extracellular ATP/adenosine release.	Bicarbonates	124-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
18420826-6	2008	S3226 reversed CFTR(inh)-associated HCO(3)(-) absorption.	Bicarbonates	36-42	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
18420826-8	2008	CFTR inhibition and DIDS reversed HCO(3)(-) secretion to absorption and inhibited PV acidification during CO(2) challenge, suggesting that HCO(3)(-) secretion helps facilitate CO(2)/H(+) absorption.	Bicarbonates	139-145	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18420826-10	2008	Reversal of increased HCO(3)(-) loss by NHE3 inhibition and reduced intracellular acidification during CFTR inhibition is consistent with activation or unmasking of NHE3 activity by CFTR inhibition, increasing cell surface H(+) available to neutralize luminal HCO(3)(-) with consequent CO(2) absorption.	Bicarbonates	22-28	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
18420826-10	2008	Reversal of increased HCO(3)(-) loss by NHE3 inhibition and reduced intracellular acidification during CFTR inhibition is consistent with activation or unmasking of NHE3 activity by CFTR inhibition, increasing cell surface H(+) available to neutralize luminal HCO(3)(-) with consequent CO(2) absorption.	Bicarbonates	260-266	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
18420826-10	2008	Reversal of increased HCO(3)(-) loss by NHE3 inhibition and reduced intracellular acidification during CFTR inhibition is consistent with activation or unmasking of NHE3 activity by CFTR inhibition, increasing cell surface H(+) available to neutralize luminal HCO(3)(-) with consequent CO(2) absorption.	Bicarbonates	260-266	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
18420826-11	2008	NHE3, by secreting H(+) into the luminal microclimate, facilitates net transmucosal HCO(3)(-) absorption with a mechanism similar to proximal tubular HCO(3)(-) absorption.	Bicarbonates	84-90	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18420826-11	2008	NHE3, by secreting H(+) into the luminal microclimate, facilitates net transmucosal HCO(3)(-) absorption with a mechanism similar to proximal tubular HCO(3)(-) absorption.	Bicarbonates	150-156	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18538122-5	2008	Pendrin could also account for apical Cl(-)/ HCO3(-) exchange at level of intercalated cells of the cortical collecting duct in the kidneys, however, humans with Pendred syndrome have no symptoms attributable to renal pendrin abnormalities in basal conditions.	Bicarbonates	45-49	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
18400985-7	2008	hBest1 was highly permeable to HCO3(-) (P HCO3)/PCl = approximately 0.44).	Bicarbonates	31-35	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
18400985-7	2008	hBest1 was highly permeable to HCO3(-) (P HCO3)/PCl = approximately 0.44).	Bicarbonates	42-46	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
18400985-8	2008	hBest2, hBest4, and mBest2 had an even higher relative HCO3(-) permeability (P HCO3/PCl = 0.6-0.7).	Bicarbonates	55-59	bestrophin 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
18400985-8	2008	hBest2, hBest4, and mBest2 had an even higher relative HCO3(-) permeability (P HCO3/PCl = 0.6-0.7).	Bicarbonates	55-59	bestrophin 4	Homo sapiens	8-14
18400985-8	2008	hBest2, hBest4, and mBest2 had an even higher relative HCO3(-) permeability (P HCO3/PCl = 0.6-0.7).	Bicarbonates	55-59	bestrophin 2	Mus musculus	20-26
18400985-8	2008	hBest2, hBest4, and mBest2 had an even higher relative HCO3(-) permeability (P HCO3/PCl = 0.6-0.7).	Bicarbonates	79-83	bestrophin 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
18400985-8	2008	hBest2, hBest4, and mBest2 had an even higher relative HCO3(-) permeability (P HCO3/PCl = 0.6-0.7).	Bicarbonates	79-83	bestrophin 4	Homo sapiens	8-14
18400985-8	2008	hBest2, hBest4, and mBest2 had an even higher relative HCO3(-) permeability (P HCO3/PCl = 0.6-0.7).	Bicarbonates	79-83	bestrophin 2	Mus musculus	20-26
18763486-3	2008	At the NO3- addition groups, HCO3- and p (CO2) increase while pH and CO3(2-) decrease when the concentration of NO3- &lt; or = 37.60 micromol x L(-1).	Bicarbonates	29-33	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	7-10
18400985-12	2008	The hBest1 disease-causing mutations Y85H, R92C, and W93C abolished both Cl(-) and HCO3(-) currents equally.	Bicarbonates	83-87	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	4-10
18400985-14	2008	These results raise the possibility that disease-causing mutations in hBest1 produce disease by altering HCO3(-) homeostasis as well as Cl(-) transport in the retina.	Bicarbonates	105-109	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	70-76
18763486-3	2008	At the NO3- addition groups, HCO3- and p (CO2) increase while pH and CO3(2-) decrease when the concentration of NO3- &lt; or = 37.60 micromol x L(-1).	Bicarbonates	29-33	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	112-115
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	0-17
18357561-0	2008	Bicarbonate-induced phosphorylation of p270 protein in mouse sperm by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	AT-rich interaction domain 1A	Homo sapiens	39-43
18357561-4	2008	Phosphorylation of p270 was induced by bicarbonate or a cAMP analog, but was blocked by the PKA inhibitor H-89, indicating that p270 is likely a PKA substrate in sperm.	Bicarbonates	39-50	AT-rich interaction domain 1A	Homo sapiens	19-23
18319254-9	2008	Using Cl(-)-sensitive microelectrodes positioned at the oocyte surface, we found that, unlike both human and squid Na(+)-driven Cl-HCO(3) exchangers, human NCBE does not normally couple the net influx of HCO(3)(-) to a net efflux of Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	131-137	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	156-160
18319254-10	2008	Moreover we found that that the (36)Cl efflux from NCBE-expressing oocytes, interpreted by others to be coupled to the influx of Na(+) and HCO(3)(-), actually represents a CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-stimulated Cl(-) self-exchange not coupled to either Na(+) or net HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	139-146	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	51-55
18319254-10	2008	Moreover we found that that the (36)Cl efflux from NCBE-expressing oocytes, interpreted by others to be coupled to the influx of Na(+) and HCO(3)(-), actually represents a CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-stimulated Cl(-) self-exchange not coupled to either Na(+) or net HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	139-145	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	51-55
18319251-4	2008	These results highlight the importance of bicarbonate transport via Ae2 in maintaining pH(i) homeostasis in cultured mouse fibroblasts and unveil the role of cAMP in the cellular response to chronic alkalization, which putatively includes an inducible cAMP early repressor 1-mediated attenuation of phosphorylated Creb activity.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	68-71
18319251-4	2008	These results highlight the importance of bicarbonate transport via Ae2 in maintaining pH(i) homeostasis in cultured mouse fibroblasts and unveil the role of cAMP in the cellular response to chronic alkalization, which putatively includes an inducible cAMP early repressor 1-mediated attenuation of phosphorylated Creb activity.	Bicarbonates	42-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	87-92
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	19-22
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	24-30
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Bicarbonates	148-159	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	117-122
18319251-3	2008	Ae2(a,b)(-/-) fibroblasts show increased pH(i) (by 0.22 +/- 0.03 unit) compared with wild type cells at extracellular pH (pH(o)) 7.4 and 37 degrees C. This shift in resting pH(i) is associated with an up-regulation of bicarbonate-activated soluble adenylyl cyclase expression, increased cAMP production, Creb phosphorylation, inducible cAMP early repressor 1 mRNA expression, and impaired activation of c-Fos transcription by forskolin.	Bicarbonates	218-229	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	0-3
18471521-1	2008	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger 2 (AE2) is involved in intracellular pH (pH(i)) regulation and transepithelial acid-base transport, including secretin-stimulated biliary bicarbonate excretion.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	58-61
18322141-1	2008	Pendrin, a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Bicarbonates	147-158	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
18322141-1	2008	Pendrin, a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Bicarbonates	147-158	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
18322141-10	2008	In conclusion, pendrin-mediated HCO3(-) secretion in the renal tubule and anion transport in the endolymph may be regulated transcriptionally by systemic pH and aldosterone.	Bicarbonates	32-36	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
18322024-7	2008	The decreased NHE3 expression is likely to be responsible for the reduction of sodium, bicarbonate, and fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubule consistently perceived in experimental models of PTH disorders.	Bicarbonates	87-98	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
18216024-2	2008	Mutations in SLC26A3 (solute carrier 26 family member 3), which functions as a coupled Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, cause CLD.	Bicarbonates	93-98	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	13-20
17880011-4	2008	CA IX was recently shown to contribute to acidification of the tumor environment, by efficiently catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons with its extracellularly situated active site, leading both to the acquisition of metastasic phenotypes and to chemoresistance with weakly basic anticancer drugs.	Bicarbonates	143-154	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
18270315-0	2008	Slc39a14 gene encodes ZIP14, a metal/bicarbonate symporter: similarities to the ZIP8 transporter.	Bicarbonates	37-48	solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	0-8
18270315-0	2008	Slc39a14 gene encodes ZIP14, a metal/bicarbonate symporter: similarities to the ZIP8 transporter.	Bicarbonates	37-48	solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14	Mus musculus	22-27
18270315-0	2008	Slc39a14 gene encodes ZIP14, a metal/bicarbonate symporter: similarities to the ZIP8 transporter.	Bicarbonates	37-48	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	80-84
18004228-1	2008	Mucosal pH (pHi) is influenced by local perfusion and metabolism (mucosal-arterial pCO2 gradient, DeltapCO2), systemic metabolic acidosis (arterial bicarbonate), and respiration (arterial pCO2).	Bicarbonates	148-159	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
18004228-11	2008	Arterial bicarbonate contributes more to pHi than the DeltapCO2 but is not associated with mortality.	Bicarbonates	9-20	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	41-44
18325495-0	2008	Dependence of cAMP meditated increases in Cl- and HCO(3)- permeability on CFTR in bovine corneal endothelial cells.	Bicarbonates	50-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	74-78
18065787-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: HD patients with a low P(HCO3) exhibited low neutrophil pHi that in turn increased the expression of CD11b/CD18 compared with neutrophils with a normal or high pHi.	Bicarbonates	38-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	69-72
18065787-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: HD patients with a low P(HCO3) exhibited low neutrophil pHi that in turn increased the expression of CD11b/CD18 compared with neutrophils with a normal or high pHi.	Bicarbonates	38-42	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	114-119
18065787-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: HD patients with a low P(HCO3) exhibited low neutrophil pHi that in turn increased the expression of CD11b/CD18 compared with neutrophils with a normal or high pHi.	Bicarbonates	38-42	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
18065787-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: HD patients with a low P(HCO3) exhibited low neutrophil pHi that in turn increased the expression of CD11b/CD18 compared with neutrophils with a normal or high pHi.	Bicarbonates	38-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	173-176
18364240-4	2008	We report for the first time that bicarbonate is required as a synergistic anion for stable ferrous binding to MtsA, similar to the iron binding in human transferrin.	Bicarbonates	34-45	transferrin	Homo sapiens	154-165
18216024-2	2008	Mutations in SLC26A3 (solute carrier 26 family member 3), which functions as a coupled Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, cause CLD.	Bicarbonates	93-98	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	22-55
18216024-4	2008	The STAS domain is required for SLC26A3 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange function and for the activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by SLC26A3.	Bicarbonates	46-52	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	32-39
18216024-4	2008	The STAS domain is required for SLC26A3 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange function and for the activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by SLC26A3.	Bicarbonates	46-52	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	155-162
18094061-11	2008	NHE2 may play multiple roles in the gills, involved with H+ efflux from acid-secreting cells, basolateral H+ reabsorption for pHi regulation, and in parallel with H+-ATPase for the generation of HCO3(-) in base-secreting cells.	Bicarbonates	195-199	solute carrier family 9 member A2	Homo sapiens	0-4
18031291-7	2008	The addition of 25 mM bicarbonate to Luria-Bertani-broth agar resulted in a &gt; or =16-fold increase in MICs for most OXA-1 variants with amino acid replacements at position 66 when expressed in E. coli.	Bicarbonates	22-33	beta-lactamase OXA-1 precursor	Escherichia coli	119-124
18046018-6	2008	Zebrafish Ae2.2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes encodes a 135-kDa polypeptide that mediates bidirectional, DIDS-sensitive Cl(-)/Cl(-) exchange and Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	150-154	solute carrier family 4 member 2b	Danio rerio	10-15
18057185-1	2008	Two classes of H pumps, H-K-ATPase and H-ATPase, contribute to luminal acidification and HCO(3) transport in the collecting duct (CD).	Bicarbonates	89-95	ATPase, H+/K+ exchanging, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	24-34
18042363-12	2008	Basolateral bicarbonate secretion via the anionic exchanger Ae2 is essential for mineral growth in the maturation stage enamel.	Bicarbonates	12-23	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	60-63
17941824-1	2008	The human chloride/bicarbonate AE1 (anion exchanger) is a dimeric glycoprotein expressed in the red blood cell membrane,and expressed as an N-terminal (Delta1-65) truncated form, kAE1(kidney AE1), in the basolateral membrane of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	19-30	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	31-34
17941824-1	2008	The human chloride/bicarbonate AE1 (anion exchanger) is a dimeric glycoprotein expressed in the red blood cell membrane,and expressed as an N-terminal (Delta1-65) truncated form, kAE1(kidney AE1), in the basolateral membrane of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	19-30	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	179-183
17941824-1	2008	The human chloride/bicarbonate AE1 (anion exchanger) is a dimeric glycoprotein expressed in the red blood cell membrane,and expressed as an N-terminal (Delta1-65) truncated form, kAE1(kidney AE1), in the basolateral membrane of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	19-30	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	180-183
18438347-1	2008	UNLABELLED: Anion exchanger 2 (AE2), which mediates exchange of Cl(-)/HCO3(-) across the plasma membrane, is widely expressed in body tissues.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-29
18438347-1	2008	UNLABELLED: Anion exchanger 2 (AE2), which mediates exchange of Cl(-)/HCO3(-) across the plasma membrane, is widely expressed in body tissues.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
18326729-0	2008	Role of carbonic anhydrase IV in corneal endothelial HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	53-57	carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus	8-29
18326729-2	2008	The authors examined the role of carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV) in facilitating CO(2) flux, HCO(3)(-) permeability, and HCO(3)(-) flux across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	90-96	carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus	33-54
18326729-2	2008	The authors examined the role of carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV) in facilitating CO(2) flux, HCO(3)(-) permeability, and HCO(3)(-) flux across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	118-124	carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus	33-54
18326729-2	2008	The authors examined the role of carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV) in facilitating CO(2) flux, HCO(3)(-) permeability, and HCO(3)(-) flux across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	118-124	carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus	56-60
18224701-3	2008	In isoflurane-anesthetized adult rat brain the unidirectional, pseudo first-order rate constant of this exchange in the dehydration direction was determined to be 0.47 +/- 0.05 sec(-1) following intravenous infusion of uniformly 13C-labeled glucose for labeling bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	262-273	secretory blood group 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-183
18188457-1	2008	Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic disease associated with autoimmune phenomena and alterations in both biliary bicarbonate excretion and expression of the bicarbonate carrier AE2.	Bicarbonates	170-181	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	190-193
18077606-9	2008	Disruption of the NBCn1 gene resulted in reduced NBCn1 expression, and in bladder smooth muscle cells, reduced amiloride-insensitive Na(+)-dependent HCO(3)(-) influx was observed.	Bicarbonates	149-155	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	18-23
18077606-10	2008	Furthermore, disruption of the NBCn1 gene resulted in a lower intracellular steady-state pH of bladder smooth muscle cells in the presence of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) but not in its nominal absence.	Bicarbonates	148-154	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	31-36
17654517-7	2008	In CFTR-corrected cells, apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity was further enhanced by cAMP, a key feature exhibited by normal pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	36-40	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	3-7
17654517-8	2008	The cAMP stimulated Cl-/HCO3- exchange was inhibited by dihydro-4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (H2-DIDS), but not by a specific CFTR inhibitor, CFTR(inh)-172.	Bicarbonates	24-28	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	146-150
17654517-8	2008	The cAMP stimulated Cl-/HCO3- exchange was inhibited by dihydro-4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (H2-DIDS), but not by a specific CFTR inhibitor, CFTR(inh)-172.	Bicarbonates	24-28	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	162-166
17654517-9	2008	Our data show that SeV vector is a potential CFTR gene transfer agent for human pancreatic duct cells and that expression of CFTR in CF cells is associated with a restoration of Cl- and HCO3- transport at the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	186-190	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	125-129
18209474-0	2008	Control of basal CFTR gene expression by bicarbonate-sensitive adenylyl cyclase in human pulmonary cells.	Bicarbonates	41-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
18037372-1	2008	The mouse Slc39a8 gene encodes the ZIP8 transporter, which has been shown to be a divalent cation/HCO3- symporter.	Bicarbonates	98-102	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	10-17
18037372-1	2008	The mouse Slc39a8 gene encodes the ZIP8 transporter, which has been shown to be a divalent cation/HCO3- symporter.	Bicarbonates	98-102	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	35-39
17959750-1	2008	Activation of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) by bicarbonate causes local cAMP generation, indicating that sAC might act as a pH and/or bicarbonate sensor in kidney cells involved in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	48-59	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	14-38
17959750-1	2008	Activation of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) by bicarbonate causes local cAMP generation, indicating that sAC might act as a pH and/or bicarbonate sensor in kidney cells involved in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	48-59	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
17959750-1	2008	Activation of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) by bicarbonate causes local cAMP generation, indicating that sAC might act as a pH and/or bicarbonate sensor in kidney cells involved in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	48-59	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
17959750-1	2008	Activation of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) by bicarbonate causes local cAMP generation, indicating that sAC might act as a pH and/or bicarbonate sensor in kidney cells involved in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	135-146	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	14-38
17959750-1	2008	Activation of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) by bicarbonate causes local cAMP generation, indicating that sAC might act as a pH and/or bicarbonate sensor in kidney cells involved in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	135-146	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
17959750-1	2008	Activation of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) by bicarbonate causes local cAMP generation, indicating that sAC might act as a pH and/or bicarbonate sensor in kidney cells involved in acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	135-146	adenylate cyclase 10	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
18769029-0	2008	Characterization of SLC26A9, facilitation of Cl(-) transport by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	64-75	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	20-27
18769029-8	2008	The HCO(3)(-) conductance mediated by the SLC26A9 protein expression is low and no intracellular pHi changes are detectable under conditions favoring a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	4-10	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	42-49
18769029-8	2008	The HCO(3)(-) conductance mediated by the SLC26A9 protein expression is low and no intracellular pHi changes are detectable under conditions favoring a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	158-164	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	42-49
18769029-9	2008	However, the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) stimulates the Cl(-)-transporting activity of SLC26A9 in Xenopus laevis oocytes or SLC26A9-transduced COS-7 cells.	Bicarbonates	25-31	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	87-94
18769029-9	2008	However, the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) stimulates the Cl(-)-transporting activity of SLC26A9 in Xenopus laevis oocytes or SLC26A9-transduced COS-7 cells.	Bicarbonates	25-31	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	124-131
18769029-10	2008	As an important initial step in characterizing SLC26A9 function, we conclude that SLC26A9 is a Cl(-) channel and we suggest that HCO(3)(-) acts as a modulator of the channel.	Bicarbonates	129-138	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	47-54
26620669-2	2008	The overall reaction of BC is supposed to consist of two steps:  in the first step, carboxyphosphate (CP) is generated from bicarbonate and ATP, and it is subject to nucleophilic attack on its carboxyl group by biotin to form carboxybiotin in the second step.	Bicarbonates	124-135	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	24-26
18283249-8	2008	In the internal ear, pendrin transports bicarbonates to the endolymph, taking in this way an active part in pH control of the endolymph and providing proper functioning of KCNJ10 potassium channels and TRP5 calcium channels.	Bicarbonates	40-52	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	21-28
18283249-8	2008	In the internal ear, pendrin transports bicarbonates to the endolymph, taking in this way an active part in pH control of the endolymph and providing proper functioning of KCNJ10 potassium channels and TRP5 calcium channels.	Bicarbonates	40-52	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	172-178
18283249-8	2008	In the internal ear, pendrin transports bicarbonates to the endolymph, taking in this way an active part in pH control of the endolymph and providing proper functioning of KCNJ10 potassium channels and TRP5 calcium channels.	Bicarbonates	40-52	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5	Homo sapiens	202-206
17909850-3	2008	Because of the increased buffer capacity contributed by the NBCe1 (Becker and Deitmer in J Biol Chem 279:28057-28062, 2004), we hypothesized that this may enhance the proton-coupled glutamine transport via SNAT3 in the presence of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	235-239	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	60-65
17909850-3	2008	Because of the increased buffer capacity contributed by the NBCe1 (Becker and Deitmer in J Biol Chem 279:28057-28062, 2004), we hypothesized that this may enhance the proton-coupled glutamine transport via SNAT3 in the presence of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	235-239	solute carrier family 38 member 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	206-211
17934765-3	2008	HGPRT deficiency was eventually confirmed by enzymatic and genetic testing, showing a novel point mutation, 293 A&gt;G. Immediate treatment consisted of peritoneal dialysis with, initially, lactate- then bicarbonate-buffered 1.36% glucose solution together with oral administration of allopurinol.	Bicarbonates	204-215	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
18290321-4	2008	H(+)-ions exported from the intracellular space into the interstitial compartment titrate extracellular bicarbonate to CO2 and H2O with the aid of the ectoenzyme carbonic anhydrase IX, which is activated at low pH.	Bicarbonates	104-115	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	162-183
18209476-1	2008	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intercalated cells (ICs) of the kidney collecting duct are rich in carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), which facilitates proton and bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	143-154	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	84-105
18209476-1	2008	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intercalated cells (ICs) of the kidney collecting duct are rich in carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), which facilitates proton and bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	143-154	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	107-111
18209476-2	2008	Bicarbonate secretion is mediated via Pendrin (Slc26a4), which is expressed on the apical membrane of B-ICs and nonA-nonB ICs in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD).	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	38-45
18209476-2	2008	Bicarbonate secretion is mediated via Pendrin (Slc26a4), which is expressed on the apical membrane of B-ICs and nonA-nonB ICs in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD).	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	47-54
18209476-3	2008	Bicarbonate absorption is mediated via anion exchanger 1 (AE1-Slc4a1) in the CCD and via AE1 and possibly Slc26a7 in the OMCD.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	58-61
18209476-3	2008	Bicarbonate absorption is mediated via anion exchanger 1 (AE1-Slc4a1) in the CCD and via AE1 and possibly Slc26a7 in the OMCD.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	62-68
18209476-3	2008	Bicarbonate absorption is mediated via anion exchanger 1 (AE1-Slc4a1) in the CCD and via AE1 and possibly Slc26a7 in the OMCD.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	89-92
18209474-1	2008	The CFTR protein, encoded by the gene whose mutations induce Cystic Fibrosis, is an anion channel devoted mainly to chloride and bicarbonate transmembrane transport, but which also regulates transport of several other ions.	Bicarbonates	129-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
18209474-3	2008	Looking for a control of CFTR expression by ionic conditions, we investigated the effect of altered extracellular bicarbonate ion concentration on CFTR expression in human pulmonary Calu-3 cells.	Bicarbonates	114-125	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	147-151
18209476-3	2008	Bicarbonate absorption is mediated via anion exchanger 1 (AE1-Slc4a1) in the CCD and via AE1 and possibly Slc26a7 in the OMCD.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 26, member 7	Mus musculus	106-113
18209474-4	2008	We found that basal cftr gene transcription is enhanced when extracellular HCO(3)(-) concentration increases from 0 to 25 mmol/l.	Bicarbonates	75-81	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-24
18209476-11	2008	CONCLUSION: CAII deficiency results in a significant decrease in the gene and protein expression of bicarbonate transport proteins from Slc26 gene family - Slc26a4 (pendrin) and Slc26a7.	Bicarbonates	100-111	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	156-163
18209474-6	2008	Basal membrane content in CFTR protein exhibits the same variations as cftr mRNA in cells incubated in the presence of extracellular [HCO(3)(-)] between 0 and 25 mmol/l, and is also decreased by inhibiting sAC in the presence of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	134-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
18209476-11	2008	CONCLUSION: CAII deficiency results in a significant decrease in the gene and protein expression of bicarbonate transport proteins from Slc26 gene family - Slc26a4 (pendrin) and Slc26a7.	Bicarbonates	100-111	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	165-172
18209476-11	2008	CONCLUSION: CAII deficiency results in a significant decrease in the gene and protein expression of bicarbonate transport proteins from Slc26 gene family - Slc26a4 (pendrin) and Slc26a7.	Bicarbonates	100-111	solute carrier family 26, member 7	Mus musculus	178-185
18209474-6	2008	Basal membrane content in CFTR protein exhibits the same variations as cftr mRNA in cells incubated in the presence of extracellular [HCO(3)(-)] between 0 and 25 mmol/l, and is also decreased by inhibiting sAC in the presence of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	134-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	71-75
18209474-6	2008	Basal membrane content in CFTR protein exhibits the same variations as cftr mRNA in cells incubated in the presence of extracellular [HCO(3)(-)] between 0 and 25 mmol/l, and is also decreased by inhibiting sAC in the presence of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	229-235	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
18209474-7	2008	These results show that bicarbonate-controlled sAC stimulation must be taken into account in cell physiology and that basal CFTR expression depends on an ionic parameter.	Bicarbonates	24-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-128
18090665-4	2008	In type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells chloride absorption and HCO3- secretion are accomplished through the apical sodium-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin.	Bicarbonates	70-74	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	161-168
17690931-3	2008	Ovalocytosis and dRTA may co-exist in the same patient, since both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 (AE1) gene, which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, present in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	159-170	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	17-21
18274996-3	2008	The results indicate that the bicarbonate helps increase significantly the effects of LI and AK-4, while there were no effects of using bicarbonate alone.	Bicarbonates	30-41	adenylate kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
18491561-4	2008	Oral bicarbonate intake alkalinized the urine, increased the urinary beta2-microglobulin content, and led to a direct correlation between beta2-microglobulin excretion and excretion of other low-molecular proteins.	Bicarbonates	5-16	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	69-88
18491561-4	2008	Oral bicarbonate intake alkalinized the urine, increased the urinary beta2-microglobulin content, and led to a direct correlation between beta2-microglobulin excretion and excretion of other low-molecular proteins.	Bicarbonates	5-16	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	138-157
18663336-3	2008	On the basolateral side of the A-intercalated cells, Slc26a7 co-localizes with the anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in the collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	144-155	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	53-60
18663336-3	2008	On the basolateral side of the A-intercalated cells, Slc26a7 co-localizes with the anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in the collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	144-155	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	83-100
18663336-3	2008	On the basolateral side of the A-intercalated cells, Slc26a7 co-localizes with the anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in the collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	144-155	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
18178800-5	2008	Moreover, CCDs secreted bicarbonate under basal conditions but absorbed bicarbonate in response to AngII.	Bicarbonates	72-83	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	99-104
18178800-6	2008	In summary, angiotensin II stimulates H(+) secretion into the lumen, which drives Cl(-) absorption mediated by apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange as well as generates more favorable electrochemical gradient for ENaC-mediated Na(+) absorption.	Bicarbonates	124-130	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	12-26
18280672-3	2008	Once in the circulation, secretin has five well-documented effects that protect the upper intestine from gastric acid: it stimulates secretion of bicarbonate rich exocrine pancreatic juice; it stimulates secretion of alkaline bile; it stimulates secretion of alkaline mucus from the duodenal submucosal glands of Brunner; it inhibits the humoral phase of gastric secretion; and it inhibits gastric motility, thereby delaying gastric emptying.	Bicarbonates	146-157	secretin	Homo sapiens	25-33
18663336-2	2008	Slc26a7, which can mediate Cl-/HCO3- exchange, is expressed in the acid-secreting, A-intercalated cells of the kidney collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	31-35	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
18663336-3	2008	On the basolateral side of the A-intercalated cells, Slc26a7 co-localizes with the anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in the collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	53-60
18663336-3	2008	On the basolateral side of the A-intercalated cells, Slc26a7 co-localizes with the anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in the collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	83-100
18663336-3	2008	On the basolateral side of the A-intercalated cells, Slc26a7 co-localizes with the anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in the collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
17690931-3	2008	Ovalocytosis and dRTA may co-exist in the same patient, since both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 (AE1) gene, which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, present in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	159-170	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	101-118
17690931-3	2008	Ovalocytosis and dRTA may co-exist in the same patient, since both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 (AE1) gene, which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, present in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	159-170	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	120-123
17913841-1	2007	In mammalian nephrons, most of the Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) is reabsorbed by proximal tubular cells in which the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) is the major player.	Bicarbonates	45-51	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	108-130
18300115-2	2008	The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effects of a novel bicarbonate-based biocompatible PD fluid, evaluating the alteration in the concentrations of dialysate marker CA125, a glucoprotein indicator of mesothelial cell mass.	Bicarbonates	80-91	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	190-195
18300115-5	2008	The dialysate marker of CA125 was repeatedly estimated at the beginning of the study (T0), after six months phase with the bicarbonate solutions (T6), and at the end of study (T12), after the second six-month use of the conventional PD solutions.	Bicarbonates	123-134	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	24-29
18300115-8	2008	After six months with bicarbonate PD solutions, the mean CA125 value increased to 111.97 +/- 66.21U/mL, while the mean values dropped again to 22.72 +/- 16.06 U/mL at the end of the study, after the patients" return for another six months to the conventional solutions use.	Bicarbonates	22-33	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	57-62
18300115-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: For the use of the bicarbonate-based PD, more biocompatible solutions for six months produced a statistically significant increase in the dialysate concentration of the mesothelial cell mass indicator CA125.	Bicarbonates	32-43	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	214-219
18300115-12	2008	The decrease at the end of the study of CA125 mean value at a level similar with that observed at the beginning, after the six-month period of the conventional PD solutions, indicates that the clinical use of the new bicarbonate-based PD solutions may have an advantageous role in the preservation of peritoneal cell mass, maintaining also the integrity and longevity of the peritoneal membrane.	Bicarbonates	217-228	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	40-45
18255013-2	2008	SACY activity is stimulated by HCO(3)(-) and Ca(2+).	Bicarbonates	31-37	adenylate cyclase 10	Mus musculus	0-4
17913841-1	2007	In mammalian nephrons, most of the Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) is reabsorbed by proximal tubular cells in which the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) is the major player.	Bicarbonates	45-51	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	132-136
17950270-0	2007	External Ca2+ acts upstream of adenylyl cyclase SACY in the bicarbonate signaled activation of sperm motility.	Bicarbonates	60-71	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	48-52
17950270-3	2007	Ca2+ is required for HCO3(-) to elevate cAMP, but not for cAMP-AM to increase beat frequency, indicating that external Ca2+ acts before rather than after stimulation of SACY by HCO3(-).	Bicarbonates	177-181	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	169-173
17852435-11	2007	In a univariate analysis variables associated with septic shock were: pulmonary infection (OR = 17, p = 0.001), serum bicarbonate &lt; 17 mmol/l (OR = 68, p &lt; 0.001) and serum lactate &gt;3 mmol/l (OR = 62, p &lt; 0.001).	Bicarbonates	118-129	olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	146-153
17852435-12	2007	Variables associated with mortality were: pulmonary infection (OR = 83, p &lt; 0.001) and serum bicarbonate &lt; 17 mmol/l (OR = 61, p &lt; 0.001).	Bicarbonates	96-107	olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily I member 1 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	124-131
17804457-3	2007	Thereafter, the expression of the basolateral chloride/bicarbonate exchangers AE1 and SLC26A7 and the apical H(+)-ATPase was examined by northern hybridization, immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence labelling.	Bicarbonates	55-66	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
17712176-8	2007	We propose that the 4.1B-containing membrane skeleton may play a role in regulating the Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in S1-S2 proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	98-104	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 3	Mus musculus	20-24
17882150-5	2007	NHE3 mediates secretion of the majority of protons involved in bicarbonate reclamation, is involved in ammonium secretion, and provides a source of luminal protons for titrating filtered titratable acids and secreted ammonia to ammonium.	Bicarbonates	63-74	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	0-4
17804457-9	2007	We suggest that the up-regulation of SLC26A7 and AE1 on the basolateral membrane of A-intercalated cells in the OMCD and CCD, respectively, along with H(+)-ATPase on the apical membrane, contributes to enhanced bicarbonate absorption in the collecting duct in K-depletion.	Bicarbonates	211-222	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	37-44
17804457-9	2007	We suggest that the up-regulation of SLC26A7 and AE1 on the basolateral membrane of A-intercalated cells in the OMCD and CCD, respectively, along with H(+)-ATPase on the apical membrane, contributes to enhanced bicarbonate absorption in the collecting duct in K-depletion.	Bicarbonates	211-222	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
18022597-2	2007	We previously demonstrated that the effect of sodium bicarbonate on pHi depends on the non-bicarbonate buffering system.	Bicarbonates	53-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	68-71
18024594-0	2007	Cholangiocyte cilia express TRPV4 and detect changes in luminal tonicity inducing bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	82-93	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
17890222-0	2007	Enhanced formation of a HCO3- transport metabolon in exocrine cells of Nhe1-/- mice.	Bicarbonates	24-28	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	71-75
17890222-8	2007	Anion exchanger activity was also significantly reduced in Car2-deficient mice, consistent with an important role of a putative Car2.Ae2 HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon in parotid exocrine cell function.	Bicarbonates	137-143	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	59-63
17890222-8	2007	Anion exchanger activity was also significantly reduced in Car2-deficient mice, consistent with an important role of a putative Car2.Ae2 HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon in parotid exocrine cell function.	Bicarbonates	137-143	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	128-132
17890222-8	2007	Anion exchanger activity was also significantly reduced in Car2-deficient mice, consistent with an important role of a putative Car2.Ae2 HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon in parotid exocrine cell function.	Bicarbonates	137-143	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	133-136
17890222-9	2007	Increased abundance of this HCO(3)(-) transport metabolon is likely one of the multiple compensatory changes in the exocrine parotid gland of Nhe1(-/-) mice that together attenuate the severity of in vivo electrolyte and acid-base balance perturbations.	Bicarbonates	28-34	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	142-146
18024594-7	2007	The osmosensation of luminal tonicity by ciliary TRPV4 induces bicarbonate secretion, the main determinant of ductal bile formation, by a mechanism involving apical ATP release.	Bicarbonates	63-74	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
18024594-8	2007	Furthermore, the activation of TRPV4 in vivo, by its specific agonist, 4alphaPDD, induces an increase in bile flow as well as ATP release and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	142-153	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
17888579-8	2007	Bicarbonate (&gt;100 mM) inhibited OAA-forming activity, which was a new observation with a GTP-PEPCK.	Bicarbonates	0-11	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	96-101
17998871-8	2007	Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed age, glomerular filtration rate, parathyroid hormone, and albumin to be the strongest predictors of serum bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	153-164	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	80-99
18000336-12	2007	The cAMP-activated HCO(3)(-) secretion is probably mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Bicarbonates	19-25	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	67-118
18290479-6	2007	When their concentrations were 5, 10 and 15 mmol x L(-1) respectively, their inhibitory action order was HCO3- &gt; NO3- &gt; Cl- &gt; SO4(2-) all the time.	Bicarbonates	105-109	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	116-119
17846062-5	2007	We found that sodium bicarbonate was the only component able to mimic the enhancement of both human aorta and plasma SSAO activity in vitro, suggesting a possible physiological role of bicarbonate as an intrinsic modulator of the human enzyme.	Bicarbonates	21-32	amine oxidase copper containing 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
17916355-3	2007	We examined the role of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) in mediating bicarbonate secretion because this is the only intracellular Ca(2+) release channel in cholangiocytes.	Bicarbonates	88-99	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
17916355-12	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic AMP-induced ductular bicarbonate secretion depends on an autocrine signaling pathway that involves CFTR, apical release of ATP, stimulation of apical nucleotide receptors, and then activation of apical, type III InsP3Rs.	Bicarbonates	41-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
17853942-7	2007	VIP/ACh synergy also existed in pig glands, where it was CFTR dependent, mediated by both Cl(-) and HCO(3) (-), and clotrimazole sensitive.	Bicarbonates	100-106	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	0-3
17855646-1	2007	Pendrin is an apical anion exchanger found in type B and nonA-nonB intercalated cells that is involved in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	106-117	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
17853942-7	2007	VIP/ACh synergy also existed in pig glands, where it was CFTR dependent, mediated by both Cl(-) and HCO(3) (-), and clotrimazole sensitive.	Bicarbonates	100-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	57-61
17554061-6	2007	Our results show that the point mutations of hAE1 convert the electroneutral anion exchanger to a cation conductance: the exchangers are no longer able to exchange Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-), whereas they transport Na(+) and K(+) through a conductive mechanism.	Bicarbonates	174-180	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-49
17883837-7	2007	Both have significant HCO3- permeability, and may play a role in CSF secretion.	Bicarbonates	22-26	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	65-68
17607683-3	2007	Carbonic anhydrase (CA) VII contributes to this electrophysiological behavior by providing bicarbonate anion, which can mediate current through channels coupled to GABA(A) receptors.	Bicarbonates	91-108	carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens	0-27
17786210-3	2007	The anion exchanger 3 gene (AE3/Slc4a3) encodes full-length AE3 (AE3fl) and cardiac AE3 (AE3c) isoforms, catalyzing plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange in Muller (AE3fl) and horizontal (AE3c) cells.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	28-31
17786210-3	2007	The anion exchanger 3 gene (AE3/Slc4a3) encodes full-length AE3 (AE3fl) and cardiac AE3 (AE3c) isoforms, catalyzing plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange in Muller (AE3fl) and horizontal (AE3c) cells.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	32-38
17786210-3	2007	The anion exchanger 3 gene (AE3/Slc4a3) encodes full-length AE3 (AE3fl) and cardiac AE3 (AE3c) isoforms, catalyzing plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange in Muller (AE3fl) and horizontal (AE3c) cells.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	60-63
17786210-3	2007	The anion exchanger 3 gene (AE3/Slc4a3) encodes full-length AE3 (AE3fl) and cardiac AE3 (AE3c) isoforms, catalyzing plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange in Muller (AE3fl) and horizontal (AE3c) cells.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	60-63
17786210-3	2007	The anion exchanger 3 gene (AE3/Slc4a3) encodes full-length AE3 (AE3fl) and cardiac AE3 (AE3c) isoforms, catalyzing plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange in Muller (AE3fl) and horizontal (AE3c) cells.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	89-93
17786210-3	2007	The anion exchanger 3 gene (AE3/Slc4a3) encodes full-length AE3 (AE3fl) and cardiac AE3 (AE3c) isoforms, catalyzing plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange in Muller (AE3fl) and horizontal (AE3c) cells.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	185-189
17700966-0	2007	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and SLC26 transporters in HCO3- secretion by pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	78-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
17729118-1	2007	Peroxidation reactions of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD1) or its zinc-depleted form (CuE-SOD1) that likely also involve a component of bicarbonate buffer have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer"s Disease and Parkinson"s Disease.	Bicarbonates	148-159	superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]	Bos taurus	65-69
17729118-2	2007	Neither removal of the zinc ion nor adding bicarbonate had large effects on the self-peroxidation reaction of bovine SOD1, but the combination of zinc-deficiency and added bicarbonate caused major changes to the spin trapped SOD1-centred free radical.	Bicarbonates	172-183	superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]	Bos taurus	225-229
17729118-4	2007	The results suggest that under cellular conditions ( approximately 5 mM bicarbonate) zinc-deficient SOD1 peroxidation could play a pathogenic role in neurodegenerative diseases.	Bicarbonates	72-83	superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]	Bos taurus	100-104
17700966-2	2007	Candidate mechanisms for HCO3(-) transport across the apical membrane include Cl(-)-HCO3(-)exchange by an SLC26 anion transporter and diffusion via the HCO3(-) conductance of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	25-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	175-226
17700966-2	2007	Candidate mechanisms for HCO3(-) transport across the apical membrane include Cl(-)-HCO3(-)exchange by an SLC26 anion transporter and diffusion via the HCO3(-) conductance of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	25-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	228-232
17700966-3	2007	Members of the SLC26 family are known to mediate Cl(-)-HCO3(-) exchange across the apical membrane of other epithelia and both SLC26A6 and SLC26A3 have been detected in pancreatic ducts.	Bicarbonates	55-62	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	127-134
17700966-3	2007	Members of the SLC26 family are known to mediate Cl(-)-HCO3(-) exchange across the apical membrane of other epithelia and both SLC26A6 and SLC26A3 have been detected in pancreatic ducts.	Bicarbonates	55-62	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	139-146
17700966-6	2007	Recent experiments using isolated pancreatic ducts from slc26a6(-)/(-) mice suggest that slc26a6 mediates most of the Cl(-)-dependent secretion of HCO3(-) across the apical membrane in the mouse and the data are consistent with the reported electrogenicity of slc26a6.	Bicarbonates	147-151	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	89-96
17700966-6	2007	Recent experiments using isolated pancreatic ducts from slc26a6(-)/(-) mice suggest that slc26a6 mediates most of the Cl(-)-dependent secretion of HCO3(-) across the apical membrane in the mouse and the data are consistent with the reported electrogenicity of slc26a6.	Bicarbonates	147-151	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	89-96
17700966-9	2007	From existing guinea pig data we calculate that a 1Cl(-)-2HCO3(-) exchanger such as slc26a6 would be unable to secrete HCO3(-) against such a steep gradient.	Bicarbonates	58-62	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Cavia porcellus	84-91
17700966-10	2007	On the other hand, the HCO3(-) conductance of CFTR could theoretically support secretion of HCO3(-) to a much higher concentrations.	Bicarbonates	23-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
17700966-10	2007	On the other hand, the HCO3(-) conductance of CFTR could theoretically support secretion of HCO3(-) to a much higher concentrations.	Bicarbonates	92-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
17700966-11	2007	CFTR may therefore play a more important role than SLC26A6 in HCO3(-) secretion by the guinea pig and human pancreas.	Bicarbonates	62-66	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	0-4
17652430-11	2007	We conclude that CAIX can bind to some Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon.	Bicarbonates	76-87	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	17-21
17553641-7	2007	On the other hand, bicarbonate suppressed cerivastatin-induced pH alteration, caspase activation, morphological change and reduction of cell viability.	Bicarbonates	19-30	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	78-85
17585016-0	2007	Food-induced expression of orexin receptors in rat duodenal mucosa regulates the bicarbonate secretory response to orexin-A.	Bicarbonates	81-92	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
17585016-0	2007	Food-induced expression of orexin receptors in rat duodenal mucosa regulates the bicarbonate secretory response to orexin-A.	Bicarbonates	81-92	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	115-123
17585016-2	2007	Our aim was to characterize orexin-induced stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion and modulation of secretory responses and mucosal orexin receptors by overnight food deprivation.	Bicarbonates	67-78	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
17664347-9	2007	The reduction of the membrane conductance by CAII was dependent on the presence of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-), and could be reversed by blocking the catalytic activity of CAII by ethoxyzolamide (10 microM).	Bicarbonates	89-95	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	45-49
17652713-3	2007	Functional analysis of these mutations demonstrated that retinal disease may result from perturbation of pH homeostasis in the outer retina, after disruption of CAIV and sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBC1)-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	177-188	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	206-210
17652713-6	2007	Functional consequences of CA4 mutations on the NBC1-mediated bicarbonate transport were studied by measuring bicarbonate fluxes in HEK293 cells cotransfected with NBC1 and CA4 mutant cDNAs.	Bicarbonates	62-73	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
17652713-6	2007	Functional consequences of CA4 mutations on the NBC1-mediated bicarbonate transport were studied by measuring bicarbonate fluxes in HEK293 cells cotransfected with NBC1 and CA4 mutant cDNAs.	Bicarbonates	62-73	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	48-52
17652713-6	2007	Functional consequences of CA4 mutations on the NBC1-mediated bicarbonate transport were studied by measuring bicarbonate fluxes in HEK293 cells cotransfected with NBC1 and CA4 mutant cDNAs.	Bicarbonates	110-121	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
17409381-9	2007	The expression in Capan-1 cells of a 35-kDa CA IV anchored in the apical plasma membrane through a hydrophobic segment, as is the case in the healthy human pancreas, should make the study of its role in pancreatic HCO(3)(-) secretion easier.	Bicarbonates	214-220	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17356125-9	2007	Knocking out AT(1A) modestly lowers baseline J(HCO(3)) and, like luminal saralasin or candesartan in rabbits, eliminates the J(HCO(3)) response to changes in [CO(2)](BL).	Bicarbonates	47-53	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	13-18
17592598-4	2007	Exposure of [5]PF6 to the air readily leads to trapping of atmospheric CO2 to form the square-planar complex [(TL(tBu))Cu(HCO3-kappaO)]PF6, [7]PF6, with the bicarbonate ligand adopting a rarely observed monodentate coordination mode.	Bicarbonates	157-168	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	15-18
17592598-4	2007	Exposure of [5]PF6 to the air readily leads to trapping of atmospheric CO2 to form the square-planar complex [(TL(tBu))Cu(HCO3-kappaO)]PF6, [7]PF6, with the bicarbonate ligand adopting a rarely observed monodentate coordination mode.	Bicarbonates	157-168	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	135-138
17592598-4	2007	Exposure of [5]PF6 to the air readily leads to trapping of atmospheric CO2 to form the square-planar complex [(TL(tBu))Cu(HCO3-kappaO)]PF6, [7]PF6, with the bicarbonate ligand adopting a rarely observed monodentate coordination mode.	Bicarbonates	157-168	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	135-138
17506534-5	2007	This dramatic discrepancy signals a possible change in the mechanism for the interconversion between CO2/HCO3- in the E106Q mutant, which may be similar to the bicarbonate mediated mechanism proposed for the Co2+ substituted CAII (J.	Bicarbonates	105-109	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	225-229
17506534-5	2007	This dramatic discrepancy signals a possible change in the mechanism for the interconversion between CO2/HCO3- in the E106Q mutant, which may be similar to the bicarbonate mediated mechanism proposed for the Co2+ substituted CAII (J.	Bicarbonates	160-171	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	225-229
17356125-9	2007	Knocking out AT(1A) modestly lowers baseline J(HCO(3)) and, like luminal saralasin or candesartan in rabbits, eliminates the J(HCO(3)) response to changes in [CO(2)](BL).	Bicarbonates	127-133	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	13-18
17356125-10	2007	Our accumulated evidence suggests that ANG II endogenous to the PT binds to the apical AT(1A) receptor and that this interaction is critical for both baseline J(HCO(3)) and its response to changes in [CO(2)](BL).	Bicarbonates	161-167	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	87-92
17463181-12	2007	Thus leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine involved with satiety and energy balance, influences gallbladder bile volume, sodium, and pH as well as multiple inflammatory cytokine genes and genes related to water, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	234-245	leptin	Mus musculus	5-11
17431214-9	2007	Removal of HCO(3)(-) ions from the serosal buffer reduced responses to thrombin and trypsin by &gt;80%.	Bicarbonates	11-17	coagulation factor II	Mus musculus	71-79
17429030-1	2007	Proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption is primarily mediated via the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, identified as NHE3 in adults.	Bicarbonates	16-27	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
17395634-13	2007	These studies therefore suggest a shift from a predominantly electroneutral Cl-HCO3- exchange in normal mice, to a predominantly electrogenic anion secretion including HCO3- that occurs via functional Cftr during anti-CD3-mediated acute inflammation.	Bicarbonates	168-172	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	201-205
17495030-0	2007	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is involved in prostaglandin E2-mediated murine duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	87-98	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Mus musculus	0-29
17609511-9	2007	Taurocholic acid feeding prevented TNF-alpha -induced increases in cholangiocyte apoptosis and decreases in growth and secretin-stimulated bile and bicarbonate secretion, changes that were blocked by PI3K inhibition.	Bicarbonates	148-159	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	35-44
17591988-3	2007	Real time estimations of [cAMP] changes in ciliated cells, using FRET between fluorescently tagged PKA subunits (expressed under the foxj1 promoter solely in ciliated cells), revealed CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-mediated cAMP production.	Bicarbonates	190-197	forkhead box J1	Homo sapiens	133-138
17581222-6	2007	However T1/2b, is consistently remote from T1/2s, because the distribution of [(13)CO(2)] into the bicarbonate pool delays the respiratory excretion of the [(13)C] marker, which has already been emptied from the stomach.	Bicarbonates	99-110	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	8-13
17760841-6	2007	Omission of bicarbonate during ischaemia further significantly increased caspase-3 activity and the number of apoptotic cells (36.7 1.7%).	Bicarbonates	12-23	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
17363467-10	2007	We conclude that prairie dog gallbladders secrete bicarbonate through cAMP-dependent apical CFTR anion channels.	Bicarbonates	50-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	92-96
17519339-1	2007	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by defective Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	169-175	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
17519339-1	2007	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by defective Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	169-175	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
17519339-4	2007	CFTR inhibitor or antibody significantly reduces the sperm capacitation, and the associated HCO(3)(-)-dependent events, including increases in intracellular pH, cAMP production and membrane hyperpolarization.	Bicarbonates	92-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
17519339-6	2007	These results suggest that CFTR in sperm may be involved in the transport of HCO(3)(-) important for sperm capacitation and that CFTR mutations with impaired CFTR function may lead to reduced sperm fertilizing capacity and male infertility other than CBAVD.	Bicarbonates	77-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-31
17512019-0	2007	Involvement of prostaglandin E receptor EP3 subtype in duodenal bicarbonate secretion in rats.	Bicarbonates	64-75	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
17512019-5	2007	Sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonists) stimulated duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion in a dose-dependent manner, and this response was inhibited by AE5-599 (EP3 antagonist) but not AE3-208 (EP4 antagonist).	Bicarbonates	51-57	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
17512019-5	2007	Sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonists) stimulated duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion in a dose-dependent manner, and this response was inhibited by AE5-599 (EP3 antagonist) but not AE3-208 (EP4 antagonist).	Bicarbonates	51-57	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
17512019-6	2007	AE1-329 (EP4 agonist) also increased duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion, and this action was inhibited by AE3-208 but not AE5-599.	Bicarbonates	46-52	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
17512019-10	2007	These results clearly demonstrate the involvement of EP3 receptors, in addition to EP4 receptors, in the regulation of duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion as well as the maintenance of the mucosal integrity of the duodenum against acid injury.	Bicarbonates	128-134	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
17533027-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	108-119	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-46
17533027-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Bicarbonates	108-119	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-51
17363038-5	2007	The relatively low capacity in treating As-spiked tap water arose from the suppression of FeCO(3) dissolution in the presence of high HCO(3)(-) concentration (333 mg/L), which consequently limited the formation of fresh Fe(III) oxides.	Bicarbonates	134-140	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
17388389-1	2007	The kinetics of the reaction CO + HO2* --&gt; CO2 + *OH was studied using a combination of ab initio electronic structure theory, transition state theory, and master equation modeling.	Bicarbonates	46-55	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
17517652-0	2007	A sperm-specific Na+/H+ exchanger (sNHE) is critical for expression and in vivo bicarbonate regulation of the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC).	Bicarbonates	80-91	solute carrier family 9, subfamily C (Na+-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase), member 1	Mus musculus	2-33
17517652-0	2007	A sperm-specific Na+/H+ exchanger (sNHE) is critical for expression and in vivo bicarbonate regulation of the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC).	Bicarbonates	80-91	solute carrier family 9, subfamily C (Na+-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase), member 1	Mus musculus	35-39
17517652-5	2007	Our analyses of the bicarbonate-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) signaling pathway in sNHE-null sperm cells reveal that sNHE is required for the expression of full-length sAC, and that it is important for the bicarbonate stimulation of sAC activity in spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	20-31	solute carrier family 9, subfamily C (Na+-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase), member 1	Mus musculus	94-98
17517652-5	2007	Our analyses of the bicarbonate-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) signaling pathway in sNHE-null sperm cells reveal that sNHE is required for the expression of full-length sAC, and that it is important for the bicarbonate stimulation of sAC activity in spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	20-31	solute carrier family 9, subfamily C (Na+-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase), member 1	Mus musculus	128-132
17517652-5	2007	Our analyses of the bicarbonate-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) signaling pathway in sNHE-null sperm cells reveal that sNHE is required for the expression of full-length sAC, and that it is important for the bicarbonate stimulation of sAC activity in spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	217-228	solute carrier family 9, subfamily C (Na+-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase), member 1	Mus musculus	94-98
17517652-8	2007	We propose that the formation of this complex efficiently modulates intracellular pH and bicarbonate levels through the rapid and effective control of sAC and sNHE activities to facilitate sperm motility regulation.	Bicarbonates	89-100	solute carrier family 9, subfamily C (Na+-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase), member 1	Mus musculus	159-163
17317744-9	2007	Although this conductive pathway is not a usual feature of intact mammalian AE1, it shares many properties with the anion-conductive pathways intrinsic to two other Cl-HCO3- exchangers, trout AE1 and mammalian SLC26A7.	Bicarbonates	168-172	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	76-79
17317744-9	2007	Although this conductive pathway is not a usual feature of intact mammalian AE1, it shares many properties with the anion-conductive pathways intrinsic to two other Cl-HCO3- exchangers, trout AE1 and mammalian SLC26A7.	Bicarbonates	168-172	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	192-195
17317744-9	2007	Although this conductive pathway is not a usual feature of intact mammalian AE1, it shares many properties with the anion-conductive pathways intrinsic to two other Cl-HCO3- exchangers, trout AE1 and mammalian SLC26A7.	Bicarbonates	168-172	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	210-217
17408252-6	2007	Using umbrella sampling techniques, we compute the standard state, aqueous phase free energy difference associated with the reaction CO2+OH---&gt;HCO3- after correcting AIMD energies with MP2 results.	Bicarbonates	133-139	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
17353189-6	2007	Mass spectrometric analysis and the rate of cytosolic H(+) change following addition of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) confirmed the catalytic activity of injected and expressed CAII in oocytes.	Bicarbonates	94-103	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	163-167
17408252-6	2007	Using umbrella sampling techniques, we compute the standard state, aqueous phase free energy difference associated with the reaction CO2+OH---&gt;HCO3- after correcting AIMD energies with MP2 results.	Bicarbonates	146-150	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
17182533-11	2007	This reduction of pendrin expression may help in redirecting the CNT and CCD toward chloride excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption, contributing to the increased plasma bicarbonate and decreased plasma chloride of chronic respiratory acidosis.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
17200157-0	2007	Lack of pendrin HCO3- transport elevates vestibular endolymphatic [Ca2+] by inhibition of acid-sensitive TRPV5 and TRPV6 channels.	Bicarbonates	16-20	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	8-15
17200157-0	2007	Lack of pendrin HCO3- transport elevates vestibular endolymphatic [Ca2+] by inhibition of acid-sensitive TRPV5 and TRPV6 channels.	Bicarbonates	16-20	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5	Mus musculus	105-110
17200157-0	2007	Lack of pendrin HCO3- transport elevates vestibular endolymphatic [Ca2+] by inhibition of acid-sensitive TRPV5 and TRPV6 channels.	Bicarbonates	16-20	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6	Mus musculus	115-120
17299139-5	2007	Pendrin in the cochlea was characterized as a formate-permeable and DIDS-sensitive anion exchanger that is likely to mediate HCO(3)(-) secretion into endolymph.	Bicarbonates	125-131	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
17409310-3	2007	Basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity in acid-secretory intercalated cells of isolated superfused slc4a1-/- medullary collecting duct was reduced, but alternate bicarbonate transport pathways were upregulated.	Bicarbonates	18-24	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	106-112
17409310-7	2007	Thus, the slc4a1-/- mouse is the first genetic model of complete dRTA and demonstrates that the AE1/slc4a1 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger is required for maintenance of normal acid-base homeostasis by distal renal regeneration of bicarbonate in the mouse as well as in humans.	Bicarbonates	225-236	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	10-16
17409310-7	2007	Thus, the slc4a1-/- mouse is the first genetic model of complete dRTA and demonstrates that the AE1/slc4a1 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger is required for maintenance of normal acid-base homeostasis by distal renal regeneration of bicarbonate in the mouse as well as in humans.	Bicarbonates	225-236	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	96-99
17409310-7	2007	Thus, the slc4a1-/- mouse is the first genetic model of complete dRTA and demonstrates that the AE1/slc4a1 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger is required for maintenance of normal acid-base homeostasis by distal renal regeneration of bicarbonate in the mouse as well as in humans.	Bicarbonates	225-236	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	100-106
17170027-0	2007	PAT-1 (Slc26a6) is the predominant apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in the upper villous epithelium of the murine duodenum.	Bicarbonates	55-59	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-5
17170027-0	2007	PAT-1 (Slc26a6) is the predominant apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in the upper villous epithelium of the murine duodenum.	Bicarbonates	55-59	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	7-14
17160388-3	2007	Bicarbonate-induced stomatal closure as well as H(2)O(2) production were restricted by exogenous catalase or diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase).	Bicarbonates	0-11	catalase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-105
17151144-1	2007	It has recently been reported that PKC activation inhibits A6-mediated Cl/HCO(3) exchange by disrupting binding of carbonic anhydrase to A6.	Bicarbonates	74-80	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	35-38
17158258-2	2007	Compared with CCK-8, CCK-58 is a much stronger stimulant of pancreatic chloride and water secretion, equivalent to maximally effective secretin, but with a chloride-to-bicarbonate ratio characteristic of acinar fluid.	Bicarbonates	168-179	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
17182533-11	2007	This reduction of pendrin expression may help in redirecting the CNT and CCD toward chloride excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption, contributing to the increased plasma bicarbonate and decreased plasma chloride of chronic respiratory acidosis.	Bicarbonates	170-181	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
17182727-6	2007	The data indicate that Tg737(orpk) mutant choroid plexus epithelium have lower pH(i) and higher Na(+)-dependent HCO(3)(-) transport activity compared with wild-type choroid plexus epithelium.	Bicarbonates	112-118	intraflagellar transport 88	Mus musculus	23-28
17182727-6	2007	The data indicate that Tg737(orpk) mutant choroid plexus epithelium have lower pH(i) and higher Na(+)-dependent HCO(3)(-) transport activity compared with wild-type choroid plexus epithelium.	Bicarbonates	112-118	intraflagellar transport 88	Mus musculus	29-33
17319692-1	2007	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is a zinc-metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	118-122	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
17349930-5	2007	Bicarbonate at physiologically relevant concentrations enhanced PGHS-1 inactivation and nitration by ONOO(-), further supporting a free radical mechanism.	Bicarbonates	0-11	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
17070714-10	2007	pHi was more alkaline, about 0.2 pH unit, in the presence of bicarbonate than that in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	61-72	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	0-3
17070714-10	2007	pHi was more alkaline, about 0.2 pH unit, in the presence of bicarbonate than that in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	101-112	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	0-3
17070714-12	2007	CONCLUSION: The presence of bicarbonate results in more alkaline in the pHi of bovine chondrocytes after long-term culture.	Bicarbonates	28-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	72-75
17192275-2	2007	NBC1 mutations cause proximal renal tubular acidosis in humans, consistent with its role in HCO3- absorption in the kidney.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
17192275-4	2007	To test the hypothesis that NBC1 plays a role in transepithelial HCO3- secretion in the intestinal tract, null mutant (NBC1-/-) mice were prepared by targeted disruption of its gene (Slc4a4).	Bicarbonates	65-69	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	28-32
17192275-8	2007	In Ringer solution containing both Cl- and HCO3-, the magnitude of cAMP-stimulated anion secretion was normal in NBC1-/- distal colon but increased in proximal colon, with the increase largely supported by enhanced activity of the basolateral NKCC1 Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	43-47	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	113-117
17192275-8	2007	In Ringer solution containing both Cl- and HCO3-, the magnitude of cAMP-stimulated anion secretion was normal in NBC1-/- distal colon but increased in proximal colon, with the increase largely supported by enhanced activity of the basolateral NKCC1 Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	43-47	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	243-248
17192275-9	2007	Anion substitution studies in which carbonic anhydrase was inhibited and transepithelial anion conductance was limited to HCO3- revealed a sharp decrease in both cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion and SITS-sensitive current in NBC1-/- proximal colon.	Bicarbonates	122-126	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	224-228
17192275-10	2007	These results are consistent with the known function of NBC1 in HCO3- absorption in the kidney and demonstrate that NBC1 activity is a component of the basolateral mechanisms for HCO3- uptake during cAMP-stimulated anion secretion in the proximal colon.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	56-60
17192275-10	2007	These results are consistent with the known function of NBC1 in HCO3- absorption in the kidney and demonstrate that NBC1 activity is a component of the basolateral mechanisms for HCO3- uptake during cAMP-stimulated anion secretion in the proximal colon.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	116-120
17192275-10	2007	These results are consistent with the known function of NBC1 in HCO3- absorption in the kidney and demonstrate that NBC1 activity is a component of the basolateral mechanisms for HCO3- uptake during cAMP-stimulated anion secretion in the proximal colon.	Bicarbonates	179-183	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	116-120
17327583-2	2007	A hypothetical situation in which the Pa(CO(2)) of arterial plasma is 80 mmHg and the plasma HCO(3) concentration is 48 mM is presented and analyzed to get over this misconception.	Bicarbonates	93-99	complement C2	Homo sapiens	38-47
17257840-5	2007	hCA XII has a good affinity for fluoride and bicarbonate but is not inhibited by heavier halides, perchlorate, nitrate, and nitrite.	Bicarbonates	45-56	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	0-7
17124262-3	2007	Both NHE1 and AE3 bind carbonic anhydrase (CA), which activates their transport flux, by providing H+ and HCO3-, their respective transport substrates.	Bicarbonates	106-110	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
17285009-3	2007	Specific risk factors for hypoglycemia in the intensive care unit with intensive insulin therapy are diabetes, octreotide therapy, nutrition support, continuous venovenous hemofiltration with bicarbonate replacement fluid, sepsis and need for inotropic support.	Bicarbonates	192-203	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
17364966-7	2007	The human serum albumin (HSA)-bound tyrosine nitration rate was found to be 4.4 x 10(-3) mol/mol in the presence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	116-120	albumin	Homo sapiens	10-23
17228367-1	2007	Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IV facilitates HCO(3) reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule by catalyzing the reversible hydration of CO(2).	Bicarbonates	39-45	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
17228367-9	2007	Thus, GPI-anchored CAIV resides in the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule epithelia where it may facilitate HCO(3) reabsorption via association with kNBC1.	Bicarbonates	113-119	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
17124262-3	2007	Both NHE1 and AE3 bind carbonic anhydrase (CA), which activates their transport flux, by providing H+ and HCO3-, their respective transport substrates.	Bicarbonates	106-110	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
17266669-6	2007	The physiological significance of secretory CA-VI in the oral and oesophageal cavity is thought to play a highly specialized role in the maintenance of bicarbonate level in saliva and to protect mucosa from acid injury.	Bicarbonates	152-163	carbonic anhydrase 6	Canis lupus familiaris	44-49
17164833-10	2007	The data support that increased intake of acid-inducing dietary protein induces endothelin B-receptor-mediated increased Net J(HCO3) and endothelin A-receptor-mediated TII through augmented intrinsic acid production.	Bicarbonates	127-131	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	80-101
17068143-4	2007	In contrast, exposing these cells to CSF-1 in the presence of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) causes a rapid and sustained cellular alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	68-75	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
17068143-8	2007	Moreover, CSF-1 promotes osteoclast survival in the presence of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) buffer but not in its absence.	Bicarbonates	70-79	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
17228881-11	2007	Some of the compounds investigated in this study might be used as additives in toothpastes for reducing the acidification produced by the relevant CO2 hydrase activity of enamel CA VI, which leads to the formation of protons and bicarbonate and may have a role in cariogenesis.	Bicarbonates	229-240	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	178-183
17524133-11	2007	CONCLUSION: In critically ill patients, low pH/bicarbonate and platelet count, greater severity of disease and organ failure are predictors of a low adrenocortical response to ACTH, independent of baseline cortisol values and cortisol binding capacity in blood.	Bicarbonates	47-58	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	176-180
17056723-8	2007	We use the method to investigate the effect of reducing pH(i) on intrinsic (non-CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) buffer-dependent) and extrinsic (CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) buffer-dependent) components of H(i)(+)-mobility.	Bicarbonates	86-93	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	56-58
17056723-8	2007	We use the method to investigate the effect of reducing pH(i) on intrinsic (non-CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) buffer-dependent) and extrinsic (CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) buffer-dependent) components of H(i)(+)-mobility.	Bicarbonates	135-142	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	56-58
17090540-1	2007	Based on solid-phase binding assays with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection, previous investigators suggested that intracellular carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) interacts at high affinity with the C-terminal (Ct) domains of SLC4 bicarbonate-transport proteins, expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, to form functional HCO3- metabolons.	Bicarbonates	236-247	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	138-159
17090540-1	2007	Based on solid-phase binding assays with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection, previous investigators suggested that intracellular carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) interacts at high affinity with the C-terminal (Ct) domains of SLC4 bicarbonate-transport proteins, expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, to form functional HCO3- metabolons.	Bicarbonates	236-247	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	161-166
17090540-1	2007	Based on solid-phase binding assays with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection, previous investigators suggested that intracellular carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) interacts at high affinity with the C-terminal (Ct) domains of SLC4 bicarbonate-transport proteins, expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, to form functional HCO3- metabolons.	Bicarbonates	349-353	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	138-159
17090540-1	2007	Based on solid-phase binding assays with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection, previous investigators suggested that intracellular carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) interacts at high affinity with the C-terminal (Ct) domains of SLC4 bicarbonate-transport proteins, expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, to form functional HCO3- metabolons.	Bicarbonates	349-353	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	161-166
16901991-1	2007	The role of Slc26a6 (PAT1) on apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange and bicarbonate secretion in pancreatic duct cells was investigated using Slc26a6 null and wild-type (WT) mice.	Bicarbonates	41-45	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	12-19
16901991-1	2007	The role of Slc26a6 (PAT1) on apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange and bicarbonate secretion in pancreatic duct cells was investigated using Slc26a6 null and wild-type (WT) mice.	Bicarbonates	41-45	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	21-25
16901991-7	2007	In conclusion, these results point to the role of Slc26a6 in HCO3- efflux at the apical membrane and also suggest the presence of a robust Slc26a3 compensatory upregulation, which can replace the function of Slc26a6 in pancreatic ducts.	Bicarbonates	61-65	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	50-57
16822950-5	2007	I148T-CFTR has been associated with a severe CF phenotype, perhaps because of defects in its regulation of bicarbonate transport, but it transports chloride similarly to wild-type CFTR in model systems (Choi JY, Muallem D, Kiselyov K, Lee MG, Thomas PJ, Muallem S. Nature 410: 94-97, 2001).	Bicarbonates	107-118	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	6-10
17504134-5	2007	The inhibition studies with CA XIII have shown that this isozyme can be inhibited efficiently with some sulfonamide inhibitors, while it is resistant to inhibition with chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Bicarbonates	182-193	carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens	28-35
17038436-1	2007	The electrogenic Na+-HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1) plays a central role in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation as well as HCO3- secretion by pancreatic ducts and HCO3- reabsorption by renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	21-25	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	42-47
17504129-2	2007	Their mechanism of action consists in inhibition of CA isozymes present in ciliary processes of the eye (such as CA II, IV and XII), with the consequent reduction of bicarbonate and aqueous humour secretion, and of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) characteristic of this disease.	Bicarbonates	166-177	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	113-118
17279435-9	2007	RESULTS: Bicarbonate dialysate was associated with significantly lower TG (134.7 +/- 11 mg/dl vs. 153 +/- 14 mg/dl, p = 0.004), higher HDL-C (33.1 +/- 3 vs. 28.3 +/- 2, p = 0.0002) and subsequently better atherosclerosis risk ratio [TC/HDL-C (ARR)] (6.02 +/- 0.09 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.9, p = 0.001) despite its insignificant effect on TC and LDL-C.	Bicarbonates	9-20	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	335-340
17038436-1	2007	The electrogenic Na+-HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1) plays a central role in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation as well as HCO3- secretion by pancreatic ducts and HCO3- reabsorption by renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	21-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
17038436-1	2007	The electrogenic Na+-HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1) plays a central role in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation as well as HCO3- secretion by pancreatic ducts and HCO3- reabsorption by renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	118-122	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	42-47
17038436-3	2007	The chimera consisting of NBCe1-A (i.e. NBCe1-A "background") with the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain (Nt) of NBCn1-B had a reversal potential of -156.3 mV (compared with a membrane potential Vm of -43.1 mV in a HCO3(-)-free solution) and a slope conductance of 3.0 microS (compared with 12.5 microS for NBCe1-A).	Bicarbonates	211-215	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
17453414-1	2007	The human anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the most abundant integral membrane protein in red cells and is responsible for the exchange of Cl(-) for HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	143-149	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-27
17164835-13	2007	For example, CAII on the cytoplasmic face and CAIV on the extracellular surface provide the "push" and "pull" for bicarbonate transport by supplying and dissipating substrate respectively.	Bicarbonates	114-125	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
17164835-13	2007	For example, CAII on the cytoplasmic face and CAIV on the extracellular surface provide the "push" and "pull" for bicarbonate transport by supplying and dissipating substrate respectively.	Bicarbonates	114-125	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
17453414-1	2007	The human anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the most abundant integral membrane protein in red cells and is responsible for the exchange of Cl(-) for HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	143-149	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-32
17229989-0	2006	Involvement of cyclooxygenase-1, prostaglandin E2 and EP1 receptors in acid-induced HCO3- secretion in stomach.	Bicarbonates	84-88	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-31
18336105-6	2007	Serum levels of interleukin-6 were statistically higher in the period with conventional bicarbonate dialysate (31.7+/- 24.7 vs. 18.7+/- 10.3 pg/ml, p=0.014), even though other inflammatory markers such as LBP, TNF- and CRP failed to increase in the same period.	Bicarbonates	88-99	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	210-222
16782694-3	2006	In this study, we examined the expression of the Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC) and its role in pH(i) regulation in guinea pig salivary glands, which can serve as an experimental model to study HCO(3)(-) transport in human salivary glands.	Bicarbonates	55-61	electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1	Cavia porcellus	80-83
18336105-6	2007	Serum levels of interleukin-6 were statistically higher in the period with conventional bicarbonate dialysate (31.7+/- 24.7 vs. 18.7+/- 10.3 pg/ml, p=0.014), even though other inflammatory markers such as LBP, TNF- and CRP failed to increase in the same period.	Bicarbonates	88-99	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	16-29
18336105-6	2007	Serum levels of interleukin-6 were statistically higher in the period with conventional bicarbonate dialysate (31.7+/- 24.7 vs. 18.7+/- 10.3 pg/ml, p=0.014), even though other inflammatory markers such as LBP, TNF- and CRP failed to increase in the same period.	Bicarbonates	88-99	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	205-208
18332650-4	2007	IL-2 was administered at two different dose levels: 3 x 10(6) U/m(2)/day (BCT-3) and 9 x 10(6) U/m(2)/day (BCT-9), each intravenously on 4 consecutive days (days 5-8, 17-20, 26-29).	Bicarbonates	74-77	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
17229989-0	2006	Involvement of cyclooxygenase-1, prostaglandin E2 and EP1 receptors in acid-induced HCO3- secretion in stomach.	Bicarbonates	84-88	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
17229989-10	2006	They further show that the presence of EP1 receptors is essential for the increase in the secretion of HCO(3)(-) in response to mucosal acidification in the stomach.	Bicarbonates	103-109	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
16757729-0	2006	Aldosterone inhibits apical NHE3 and HCO3- absorption via a nongenomic ERK-dependent pathway in medullary thick ascending limb.	Bicarbonates	37-41	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
17187018-7	2006	Cord blood IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with birth weight; first and 5th minute Apgar score, cord blood arterial pH, ABE, HCO3, SO2 levels.	Bicarbonates	133-137	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
17187018-8	2006	Cord blood IGFBP-3 levels were positively correlated with first and 5th minutes Apgar scores, cord blood arterial pH, pCO2, ABE, HCO3, sO2, and also negatively correlated with cord CO2 and cord lactate levels.	Bicarbonates	129-133	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	11-18
16757729-7	2006	The inhibition of HCO(3)(-) absorption by aldosterone was largely eliminated by the MEK/ERK inhibitors U-0126 and PD-98059.	Bicarbonates	18-24	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
16757729-11	2006	These data demonstrate that aldosterone inhibits NHE3 and HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through rapid activation of the ERK signaling pathway.	Bicarbonates	58-64	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
16675744-1	2006	The Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC) mediates HCO(3)(-) import into the colonocyte via its pNBC1 isoform.	Bicarbonates	10-16	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	35-38
16798722-1	2006	In the gastrointestinal tract, CFTR, in conjunction with one or several members of the SLC26 anion exchanger family, mediates electrogenic Cl- and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	147-151	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	31-35
17055311-1	2006	Pendrin is a membrane transport protein which functions as the transporter of chloride, bicarbonate, formate, and iodide.	Bicarbonates	88-99	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
17053783-0	2006	Slc26a6 regulates CFTR activity in vivo to determine pancreatic duct HCO3- secretion: relevance to cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
17053783-4	2006	We show here that the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger slc26a6 controls CFTR activity and ductal fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	28-34	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	48-55
17053783-4	2006	We show here that the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger slc26a6 controls CFTR activity and ductal fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	28-34	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	65-69
17053783-5	2006	Unexpectedly, deletion of slc26a6 in mice and measurement of fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion into sealed intralobular pancreatic ducts revealed that deletion of slc26a6 enhanced spontaneous and decreased stimulated secretion.	Bicarbonates	71-77	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	159-166
17053783-7	2006	These findings reveal the intricate regulation of CFTR activity by slc26a6 in both the resting and stimulated states and the essential role of slc26a6 in pancreatic HCO(3)(-) secretion in vivo.	Bicarbonates	165-171	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	143-150
16996620-3	2006	CA IX contributes to acidification of the tumor environment by efficiently catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons, thereby leading to acquisition of metastatic phenotypes and chemoresistance to weakly basic anticancer drugs.	Bicarbonates	121-132	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
16916522-12	2006	We conclude that in CO2/HCO3--buffered solutions NHE-1 improved cell length shortening of unstretched normal and HFH myocytes via a pHi-independent mechanism.	Bicarbonates	24-28	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	49-54
17218966-9	2006	Acidification half-time was increased both in proximal and distal segments and, as a consequence, bicarbonate reabsorption decreased in the presence of UGN (in proximal tubules, from 2.40+/-0.26 to 1.56+/-0.21 nmol.cm-2.s-1).	Bicarbonates	98-109	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
16916522-11	2006	When compared to HEPES-buffered solutions, HFH myocytes in CO2/HCO3--buffered solutions shortened 12+/-6.8% better than expected given the 0.16+/-0.02 units more acidic pHi"s at which they twitched.	Bicarbonates	63-67	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	169-172
16905358-7	2006	The electrophysiological response to HCO3- and NO2- provides evidence that NAR1.2 is involved in both HCO3- and NO2- transport.	Bicarbonates	37-41	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	75-81
17014551-8	2006	There was an inverse or negative correlation at that level between the serum bicarbonate and urea reduction ratio (URR) with the EPO dose at the same level while there was a weaker correlation but direct correlation between the white blood count (WBC) and EPO dose.	Bicarbonates	77-88	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	129-132
16915520-1	2006	Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is a critical enzyme for C(4) photosynthesis, providing the primary acceptor for fixation of bicarbonate in mesophyll cells.	Bicarbonates	133-144	pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-32
16915520-1	2006	Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is a critical enzyme for C(4) photosynthesis, providing the primary acceptor for fixation of bicarbonate in mesophyll cells.	Bicarbonates	133-144	pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
16905358-7	2006	The electrophysiological response to HCO3- and NO2- provides evidence that NAR1.2 is involved in both HCO3- and NO2- transport.	Bicarbonates	102-106	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	75-81
16807546-11	2006	Serum bicarbonate was decreased by candesartan and increased by Ang-II.	Bicarbonates	6-17	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
16622177-1	2006	Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBC1) mediates 80% of bicarbonate reabsorption by the kidney, but the molecular determinants for activity, targeting, and cell membrane stability are poorly understood.	Bicarbonates	7-18	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
17117292-2	2006	Additionally, the PTH prompts an increase in urinary excretion of phosphorus and bicarbonate, seeking a larger quantity of free calcium available in circulation.	Bicarbonates	81-92	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	18-21
17018029-1	2006	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) mediates the exchange of C1-/HCO3- across the plasma membrane and plays a role in the regulation of intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	53-57	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-17
17018029-1	2006	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) mediates the exchange of C1-/HCO3- across the plasma membrane and plays a role in the regulation of intracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	53-57	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	19-22
17071327-5	2006	The best-studied isoform for acid-base homeostasis is NHE3, which mediates both HCO(3)(-) absorption and H(+) excretion in the renal tubule.	Bicarbonates	80-86	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	54-58
17071329-3	2006	NBC has been studied extensively in the kidney and plays a role in proximal tubule HCO(3)(-) reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	83-89	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
16807546-13	2006	The long-term effects of Ang-II in the proximal tubule may be mediated in part by regulation of NBC1 abundance, modifying bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	122-133	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
16807546-13	2006	The long-term effects of Ang-II in the proximal tubule may be mediated in part by regulation of NBC1 abundance, modifying bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	122-133	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
16621537-3	2006	Cl- and HCO3- showed good inhibitory activity against hCA VII (K(I)s of 0.16-1.84 mM), suggesting that this enzyme is not involved in metabolons with anion exchangers or sodium bicarbonate cotransporters.	Bicarbonates	8-12	carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens	54-61
16712977-5	2006	Lower doses of ET-1 (1 fM) increased bile flow and bicarbonate excretion whereas higher doses (1 nM) decreased bile flow and bile acid output.	Bicarbonates	51-62	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
16825953-1	2006	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is one of 14 isozymes of carbonic anhydrases, zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	156-167	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
16825953-1	2006	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is one of 14 isozymes of carbonic anhydrases, zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	156-167	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
16825953-3	2006	Recently, new avenues in CA II research have opened as a result of discoveries that the enzyme increases bicarbonate and proton fluxes and may play an important role in brain tissue.	Bicarbonates	105-116	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
16638970-10	2006	It is likely that ZIP8 is a Mn2+/HCO3- symporter, that a HCO3- gradient across the plasma membrane acts as the driving force for manganese uptake, and that cadmium is a rogue hitchhiker displacing manganese to cause cadmium-associated disease.	Bicarbonates	33-37	solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	18-22
16750190-1	2006	A bicarbonate-dependent organic cation transporter, unique from rOCT1 and rOCT2, primarily mediates amantadine uptake into renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	2-13	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
16750190-1	2006	A bicarbonate-dependent organic cation transporter, unique from rOCT1 and rOCT2, primarily mediates amantadine uptake into renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	2-13	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
16700540-1	2006	The one-for-one exchange of Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) ions is catalyzed by human erythrocyte anion exchanger 1 (hAE1) through a ping-pong mechanism whereby the protein exists in two main conformations, with the single anion-binding site exposed at either the cytoplasmic (inner) side (E(i)) or the extracellular side (E(o)), with interconversion between the two states being possible only after anion binding.	Bicarbonates	38-44	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	87-104
16773703-4	2006	In addition, two Ca2+-mediated events in cholangiocytes are discussed: bicarbonate secretion and apoptosis.	Bicarbonates	71-82	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
16773707-3	2006	Bicarbonate is secreted from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes through parallel mechanisms which involve chloride efflux through activation of Cl- channels, and further bicarbonate secretion via AE2/SLC4A2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	192-195
16773707-3	2006	Bicarbonate is secreted from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes through parallel mechanisms which involve chloride efflux through activation of Cl- channels, and further bicarbonate secretion via AE2/SLC4A2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	196-202
16773707-3	2006	Bicarbonate is secreted from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes through parallel mechanisms which involve chloride efflux through activation of Cl- channels, and further bicarbonate secretion via AE2/SLC4A2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	216-220	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	196-202
16735752-2	2006	Oocytes expressing rat brain NBCe1-B and exposed to a CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) solution displayed all the hallmarks of an electrogenic Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter: (a) a DIDS-sensitive pH(i) recovery following the initial CO(2)-induced acidification, (b) an instantaneous hyperpolarization, and (c) an instantaneous Na(+)-dependent outward current under voltage-clamp conditions (-60 mV).	Bicarbonates	60-69	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	29-34
16735752-2	2006	Oocytes expressing rat brain NBCe1-B and exposed to a CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) solution displayed all the hallmarks of an electrogenic Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter: (a) a DIDS-sensitive pH(i) recovery following the initial CO(2)-induced acidification, (b) an instantaneous hyperpolarization, and (c) an instantaneous Na(+)-dependent outward current under voltage-clamp conditions (-60 mV).	Bicarbonates	60-69	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	126-155
16735752-4	2006	However, voltage-clamped oocytes (-60 mV) expressing NBCe1-A exhibited peak HCO(3)(-)-stimulated NBC currents that were 4.3-fold larger than the currents seen in oocytes expressing the most dissimilar C variant.	Bicarbonates	76-85	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	53-58
16715296-0	2006	Chloride and bicarbonate have similar affinities to the intestinal anion exchanger DRA (down regulated in adenoma).	Bicarbonates	13-24	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	83-86
16715296-0	2006	Chloride and bicarbonate have similar affinities to the intestinal anion exchanger DRA (down regulated in adenoma).	Bicarbonates	13-24	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	88-113
16715296-1	2006	DRA (down regulated in adenoma, SLC26A3) is an anion exchanger that mediates electroneutral NaCl absorption in the ileum and proximal colon together with NHE3 (Na/H exchanger isoform 3), and that is involved in duodenal and possibly pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	244-255	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
16715296-1	2006	DRA (down regulated in adenoma, SLC26A3) is an anion exchanger that mediates electroneutral NaCl absorption in the ileum and proximal colon together with NHE3 (Na/H exchanger isoform 3), and that is involved in duodenal and possibly pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	244-255	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	5-30
16715296-1	2006	DRA (down regulated in adenoma, SLC26A3) is an anion exchanger that mediates electroneutral NaCl absorption in the ileum and proximal colon together with NHE3 (Na/H exchanger isoform 3), and that is involved in duodenal and possibly pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	244-255	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	32-39
16715296-7	2006	Cl and HCO3 compete with similar affinities for transport by DRA.	Bicarbonates	7-11	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	61-64
16490746-9	2006	Patients with pre-HD bicarbonate higher than 20 mEq/l had higher serum phosphate and, accordingly, higher phosphate removal; of interest, these individuals also have significant differences in RANKL/OPG.	Bicarbonates	21-32	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	193-198
16490746-9	2006	Patients with pre-HD bicarbonate higher than 20 mEq/l had higher serum phosphate and, accordingly, higher phosphate removal; of interest, these individuals also have significant differences in RANKL/OPG.	Bicarbonates	21-32	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	199-202
16700540-1	2006	The one-for-one exchange of Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) ions is catalyzed by human erythrocyte anion exchanger 1 (hAE1) through a ping-pong mechanism whereby the protein exists in two main conformations, with the single anion-binding site exposed at either the cytoplasmic (inner) side (E(i)) or the extracellular side (E(o)), with interconversion between the two states being possible only after anion binding.	Bicarbonates	38-44	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	106-110
16719114-5	2006	However, the addition of constituents (SO4(2-), SO3(2-), HS-, CI-, HCO3-, OH-, and humic acid) on the order of representative concentrations for drinking water decreased the NO3- reduction rate.	Bicarbonates	67-71	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	174-177
16414184-0	2006	Critical role of CFTR in uterine bicarbonate secretion and the fertilizing capacity of sperm.	Bicarbonates	33-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
16414184-1	2006	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated Cl- channel expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells, mutations of which are responsible for hallmark defective Cl- and HCO3- secretion seen in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Bicarbonates	206-210	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
16414184-1	2006	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated Cl- channel expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells, mutations of which are responsible for hallmark defective Cl- and HCO3- secretion seen in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Bicarbonates	206-210	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
16414184-4	2006	Our recent results show that endometrial epithelial cells possess a cAMP-activated HCO3- transport mechanism, which could be impaired with channel blockers known to block CFTR or antisense against CFTR.	Bicarbonates	83-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	171-175
16414184-4	2006	Our recent results show that endometrial epithelial cells possess a cAMP-activated HCO3- transport mechanism, which could be impaired with channel blockers known to block CFTR or antisense against CFTR.	Bicarbonates	83-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	197-201
16414184-7	2006	Immunostaining and Western blot revealed that CFTR is expressed in rodent sperm and intracellular measurement of pH during sperm capacitation indicated that the entry of HCO3- into sperm could be inhibited by CFTR inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	170-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
16414184-7	2006	Immunostaining and Western blot revealed that CFTR is expressed in rodent sperm and intracellular measurement of pH during sperm capacitation indicated that the entry of HCO3- into sperm could be inhibited by CFTR inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	170-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	209-213
16414184-8	2006	These results are consistent with a critical role of CFTR in controlling uterine HCO3- secretion and sperm fertilizing capacity, suggesting that CFTR may be a potential target for post-meiotic regulation of fertility.	Bicarbonates	81-85	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
16414184-8	2006	These results are consistent with a critical role of CFTR in controlling uterine HCO3- secretion and sperm fertilizing capacity, suggesting that CFTR may be a potential target for post-meiotic regulation of fertility.	Bicarbonates	81-85	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	145-149
16352747-12	2006	The induction of SLC26A7 by vasopressin in OMCD cells of Brattleboro rats is likely an attempt by cells to regulate their cell volume and maintain HCO(3)(-) absorption in a state associated with increased interstitial medullary tonicity.	Bicarbonates	147-153	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	17-24
16352747-12	2006	The induction of SLC26A7 by vasopressin in OMCD cells of Brattleboro rats is likely an attempt by cells to regulate their cell volume and maintain HCO(3)(-) absorption in a state associated with increased interstitial medullary tonicity.	Bicarbonates	147-153	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	28-39
16357056-9	2006	Sulfate efflux from sat-1-expressing oocytes was enhanced in the presence of bicarbonate, indicating sulfate/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	77-88	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
16357056-9	2006	Sulfate efflux from sat-1-expressing oocytes was enhanced in the presence of bicarbonate, indicating sulfate/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	109-120	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
16634783-8	2006	Treatment with the selective COX-2 inhibitors rofecoxib or parecoxib induced duodenal motility, increased bicarbonate secretion and potentiated the hypotonicity-induced increase in mucosal permeability.	Bicarbonates	106-117	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
16606687-0	2006	Coupling modes and stoichiometry of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by slc26a3 and slc26a6.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	58-65
16606687-0	2006	Coupling modes and stoichiometry of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by slc26a3 and slc26a6.	Bicarbonates	40-44	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	70-77
16606687-5	2006	The membrane potential modulated the apparent affinity for extracellular Cl- of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by slc26a3.	Bicarbonates	84-88	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	102-109
16606687-7	2006	An apparent uncoupled current was also developed during the incubation of slc26a3-expressing oocytes in HCO3--buffered Cl--free media.	Bicarbonates	104-109	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	74-81
16606687-8	2006	These findings were used to develop a turnover cycle for Cl- and HCO3- transport by slc26a3.	Bicarbonates	65-69	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	84-91
16606687-9	2006	Cl- and HCO3- flux measurements revealed that slc26a6 mediates a 1Cl-/2HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	8-12	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	46-53
16606687-12	2006	The significance of isoform-specific Cl- and HCO3- transport stoichiometry by slc26a3 and slc26a6 is discussed in the context of diseases of epithelial Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	45-49	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	78-85
16606687-12	2006	The significance of isoform-specific Cl- and HCO3- transport stoichiometry by slc26a3 and slc26a6 is discussed in the context of diseases of epithelial Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	45-49	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	90-97
16361055-0	2006	Determination of the optimum conditions in the removal of Bomaplex Red CR-L dye from the textile wastewater using O3, H2O2, HCO3- and PAC.	Bicarbonates	124-128	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	71-75
16524946-0	2006	Chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A7 is localized in endosomes in medullary collecting duct cells and is targeted to the basolateral membrane in hypertonicity and potassium depletion.	Bicarbonates	9-20	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	31-38
16636648-1	2006	PURPOSE: The electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1) plays a major role in renal bicarbonate absorption via proximal tubules and therefore is crucial for maintaining normal blood pH.	Bicarbonates	86-97	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	51-56
16267653-10	2006	BDL-induced down-regulation of NHE3 may contribute to a reduction of Na(+) and HCO (3)(-) reabsorption and thus to their net secretion into bile.	Bicarbonates	79-86	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
16524946-12	2006	Additional studies are needed to ascertain the role of SLC26A7 in enhanced bicarbonate absorption in outer medullary collecting duct in hypokalemia and in acid-base regulation in conditions that are associated with increased medullary tonicity.	Bicarbonates	75-86	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	55-62
16439691-0	2006	NBCn1 (slc4a7) mediates the Na+-dependent bicarbonate transport important for regulation of intracellular pH in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	0-5
16641574-1	2006	OBJECTIVES: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of intestinal Cl/HCO3 exchange caused by mutations in the SLC26A3 gene and characterized by persistent Cl rich diarrhea from birth.	Bicarbonates	104-108	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	145-152
16679982-0	2006	Bicarbonate reduces serum prolactin increase induced by exercise to exhaustion.	Bicarbonates	0-11	prolactin	Homo sapiens	26-35
16439691-0	2006	NBCn1 (slc4a7) mediates the Na+-dependent bicarbonate transport important for regulation of intracellular pH in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells.	Bicarbonates	42-53	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	7-13
16439691-10	2006	We conclude that NBCn1 mediates the Na+-dependent bicarbonate transport important for pH(i) regulation in smooth muscle cells of mouse mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral small arteries.	Bicarbonates	50-61	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	17-22
16207791-2	2006	Because the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein can transport both chloride and bicarbonate, we investigated whether gland fluid pH is abnormal in early CF, using nasal biopsies from pediatric subjects having minimal CF lung disease.	Bicarbonates	98-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	12-50
16204407-1	2006	Previous authors showed that, at low doses, both basolateral and luminal ANG II increase the proximal tubule"s HCO(3)(-) reabsorption rate (J(HCO(3))).	Bicarbonates	111-117	angiogenin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	73-76
16207791-2	2006	Because the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein can transport both chloride and bicarbonate, we investigated whether gland fluid pH is abnormal in early CF, using nasal biopsies from pediatric subjects having minimal CF lung disease.	Bicarbonates	98-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	52-56
16207791-8	2006	We found evidence for CFTR-dependent bicarbonate transport by the tracheal surface epithelium as well as ATP/histamine-stimulated proton secretion, but not for sodium/proton or chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	37-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	22-26
16365189-1	2006	The NaHCO3 cotransporter gene (SLC4A5) on chromosome 2 encodes a protein that transports sodium and bicarbonate across the cell membrane and regulates cellular pH.	Bicarbonates	100-111	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Homo sapiens	31-37
16251474-4	2006	In the MTAL, apical NHE3 mediates H(+) secretion necessary for HCO(3)(-) absorption; basolateral NHE1 influences HCO(3)(-) absorption by regulating apical NHE3 activity.	Bicarbonates	63-69	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
16251474-4	2006	In the MTAL, apical NHE3 mediates H(+) secretion necessary for HCO(3)(-) absorption; basolateral NHE1 influences HCO(3)(-) absorption by regulating apical NHE3 activity.	Bicarbonates	113-119	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
16594583-5	2006	Increased cTnI or cTnT values were found in 26 of 28 (highest values 1.1-369 microg/L) and 16 of 28 dogs (0.1-1.7 ng/mL) with GDV, and in 6 of 8 (2.3-82.4 microg/L) and 3 of 8 dogs (0.1-0.29 ng/mL) with BCT, respectively.	Bicarbonates	203-206	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	10-14
16382016-1	2006	Ingestion of a salty meal induces secretion of guanylin (GN) and uroguanylin (UGN) into the intestinal lumen, where they inhibit Na+ absorption and induce Cl-, HCO3-, and water secretion.	Bicarbonates	160-164	guanylate cyclase activator 2a (guanylin)	Mus musculus	57-59
16382016-1	2006	Ingestion of a salty meal induces secretion of guanylin (GN) and uroguanylin (UGN) into the intestinal lumen, where they inhibit Na+ absorption and induce Cl-, HCO3-, and water secretion.	Bicarbonates	160-164	guanylate cyclase activator 2b (retina)	Mus musculus	65-76
16382016-1	2006	Ingestion of a salty meal induces secretion of guanylin (GN) and uroguanylin (UGN) into the intestinal lumen, where they inhibit Na+ absorption and induce Cl-, HCO3-, and water secretion.	Bicarbonates	160-164	guanylate cyclase activator 2b (retina)	Mus musculus	78-81
16736435-7	2006	In the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle"s loop (MTAL), a role for NHE1 in transepithelial HCO3- absorption has been demonstrated: basolateral NHE1 controls the function of apical NHE3.	Bicarbonates	97-101	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	73-77
16736435-7	2006	In the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle"s loop (MTAL), a role for NHE1 in transepithelial HCO3- absorption has been demonstrated: basolateral NHE1 controls the function of apical NHE3.	Bicarbonates	97-101	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	149-153
16594583-5	2006	Increased cTnI or cTnT values were found in 26 of 28 (highest values 1.1-369 microg/L) and 16 of 28 dogs (0.1-1.7 ng/mL) with GDV, and in 6 of 8 (2.3-82.4 microg/L) and 3 of 8 dogs (0.1-0.29 ng/mL) with BCT, respectively.	Bicarbonates	203-206	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	18-22
16477389-7	2006	Additionally, cell growth in an extended culture under HCO(3) (-)-free conditions to induce a steep acidification could be maintained with the anti-sense LDH-A RNA-expressing cells, but could not be maintained with the CHO and GP3 cells.	Bicarbonates	55-61	L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain	Cricetulus griseus	154-159
16575514-6	2006	The proteins involved in HCO(3) (-) production, Na(+)/HCO(3) (-) cotransporter (NBC), was found along the BLM but was absent on the MV, whereas carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) was observed on the MV and along the BLM.	Bicarbonates	25-31	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	48-78
16575514-6	2006	The proteins involved in HCO(3) (-) production, Na(+)/HCO(3) (-) cotransporter (NBC), was found along the BLM but was absent on the MV, whereas carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) was observed on the MV and along the BLM.	Bicarbonates	25-31	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-165
16575514-0	2006	Bicarbonate secretion by rat bile duct brush cells indicated by immunohistochemical localization of CFTR, anion exchanger AE2, Na+/HCO3 -cotransporter, carbonic anhydrase II, Na+/H+ exchangers NHE1 and NHE3, H+/K+-ATPase, and Na+/K+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
16575514-0	2006	Bicarbonate secretion by rat bile duct brush cells indicated by immunohistochemical localization of CFTR, anion exchanger AE2, Na+/HCO3 -cotransporter, carbonic anhydrase II, Na+/H+ exchangers NHE1 and NHE3, H+/K+-ATPase, and Na+/K+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
16575514-0	2006	Bicarbonate secretion by rat bile duct brush cells indicated by immunohistochemical localization of CFTR, anion exchanger AE2, Na+/HCO3 -cotransporter, carbonic anhydrase II, Na+/H+ exchangers NHE1 and NHE3, H+/K+-ATPase, and Na+/K+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	127-150
16575514-0	2006	Bicarbonate secretion by rat bile duct brush cells indicated by immunohistochemical localization of CFTR, anion exchanger AE2, Na+/HCO3 -cotransporter, carbonic anhydrase II, Na+/H+ exchangers NHE1 and NHE3, H+/K+-ATPase, and Na+/K+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-173
16575514-0	2006	Bicarbonate secretion by rat bile duct brush cells indicated by immunohistochemical localization of CFTR, anion exchanger AE2, Na+/HCO3 -cotransporter, carbonic anhydrase II, Na+/H+ exchangers NHE1 and NHE3, H+/K+-ATPase, and Na+/K+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
16575514-0	2006	Bicarbonate secretion by rat bile duct brush cells indicated by immunohistochemical localization of CFTR, anion exchanger AE2, Na+/HCO3 -cotransporter, carbonic anhydrase II, Na+/H+ exchangers NHE1 and NHE3, H+/K+-ATPase, and Na+/K+-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	202-206
16511360-4	2006	Enormous increase by bicarbonate in the rate of DCFH(2) oxidation distinguished CuZnSOD from cytochrome c and HRP.	Bicarbonates	21-32	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	80-87
16511360-4	2006	Enormous increase by bicarbonate in the rate of DCFH(2) oxidation distinguished CuZnSOD from cytochrome c and HRP.	Bicarbonates	21-32	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	93-105
16038940-2	2006	A mechanism of control of the erythrocyte shape has been previously proposed in which Band 3 (AE1), the protein anion exchanger of Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-), plays a central role.	Bicarbonates	141-147	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	94-97
16144961-7	2006	We conclude that flow-dependent modulation of proximal tubule HCO3- reabsorption is due to changes in both NHE3 and H(+)-ATPase activity within the luminal cell membrane and this requires an intact actin cytoskeleton.	Bicarbonates	62-66	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	107-127
15961059-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) VI is a unique secreted isozyme of CA, which catalyzes the reversible reaction CO2 +H2O&lt;--&gt;H+ +HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	136-140	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	11-37
15961059-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that CA VI in saliva penetrates plaque and facilitates acid neutralization by salivary bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	121-132	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	39-44
16440368-0	2006	Bicarbonate-rich choleresis induced by secretin in normal rat is taurocholate-dependent and involves AE2 anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	0-11	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	39-47
16440368-0	2006	Bicarbonate-rich choleresis induced by secretin in normal rat is taurocholate-dependent and involves AE2 anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	0-11	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
16440368-2	2006	Secretin stimulates ductular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent Cl- efflux and subsequent biliary HCO3- secretion, possibly via Cl-/HCO3- anion exchange (AE).	Bicarbonates	132-136	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
16440368-2	2006	Secretin stimulates ductular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent Cl- efflux and subsequent biliary HCO3- secretion, possibly via Cl-/HCO3- anion exchange (AE).	Bicarbonates	132-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	29-80
16440368-2	2006	Secretin stimulates ductular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent Cl- efflux and subsequent biliary HCO3- secretion, possibly via Cl-/HCO3- anion exchange (AE).	Bicarbonates	132-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
16440368-2	2006	Secretin stimulates ductular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent Cl- efflux and subsequent biliary HCO3- secretion, possibly via Cl-/HCO3- anion exchange (AE).	Bicarbonates	166-170	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
16440368-2	2006	Secretin stimulates ductular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent Cl- efflux and subsequent biliary HCO3- secretion, possibly via Cl-/HCO3- anion exchange (AE).	Bicarbonates	166-170	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	29-80
16440368-2	2006	Secretin stimulates ductular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent Cl- efflux and subsequent biliary HCO3- secretion, possibly via Cl-/HCO3- anion exchange (AE).	Bicarbonates	166-170	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
16440368-6	2006	Secretin increased bile flow and biliary excretion of HCO3- and Cl-.	Bicarbonates	54-59	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
16440368-8	2006	Whereas secretin effects were all blocked by intrabiliary NPPB, DIDS only inhibited secretin-induced increases in bile flow and HCO3- excretion but not the increased Cl- excretion, revealing a role of biliary Cl-/HCO3- exchange in secretin-induced, bicarbonate-rich choleresis in normal rats.	Bicarbonates	128-132	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
16440368-8	2006	Whereas secretin effects were all blocked by intrabiliary NPPB, DIDS only inhibited secretin-induced increases in bile flow and HCO3- excretion but not the increased Cl- excretion, revealing a role of biliary Cl-/HCO3- exchange in secretin-induced, bicarbonate-rich choleresis in normal rats.	Bicarbonates	128-132	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
16440368-10	2006	AE2 gene silencing caused a marked inhibition of unstimulated and secretin-stimulated Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	90-94	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
16440368-10	2006	AE2 gene silencing caused a marked inhibition of unstimulated and secretin-stimulated Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	90-94	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	66-74
16440368-11	2006	In conclusion, maintenance of the bile acid pool is crucial for secretin to induce bicarbonate-rich choleresis in the normal rat and that this occurs via a chloride-bicarbonate exchange process consistent with AE2 function.	Bicarbonates	83-94	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	64-72
16293618-1	2006	Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) plays a pivotal role in transepithelial Na+ and HCO3(-) absorption across a wide range of epithelia in the digestive and renal-genitourinary systems.	Bicarbonates	74-78	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	0-18
16293618-1	2006	Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) plays a pivotal role in transepithelial Na+ and HCO3(-) absorption across a wide range of epithelia in the digestive and renal-genitourinary systems.	Bicarbonates	74-78	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	20-24
16472591-2	2006	The present study was designed to examine the role of SLC26A6 in prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-, forskolin-, and carbachol-induced duodenal HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	138-145	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	54-61
16472591-7	2006	CONCLUSIONS: In murine duodenum, PGE(2)-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion is strongly SLC26A6 dependent and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator independent, whereas forskolin-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion is completely SLC26A6 independent and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dependent.	Bicarbonates	49-55	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	81-88
16983936-5	2006	Levels of VEGF, bFGF, and LDH in the culture supernatant showed a significant decrease after incubation of HPMCs with 15 mEq/L lactate plus 25 mEq/L bicarbonate, or with 40 mEq/L bicarbonate, as compared with incubation with 40 mEq/L lactate.	Bicarbonates	179-190	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	10-14
16511248-1	2006	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration and dehydration of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, respectively.	Bicarbonates	139-150	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
16983936-6	2006	Levels of VEGF and bFGF showed a concentration-dependent decrease when the cells were incubated with lactate or bicarbonate; a concentration-dependent increase of LDH was simultaneously observed.	Bicarbonates	112-123	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	10-14
16983936-6	2006	Levels of VEGF and bFGF showed a concentration-dependent decrease when the cells were incubated with lactate or bicarbonate; a concentration-dependent increase of LDH was simultaneously observed.	Bicarbonates	112-123	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
16983936-7	2006	These results suggest that dialysis fluid containing 40 mEq/L bicarbonate is superior to fluid containing 40 mEq/L lactate with regard to its influence on the production of VEGF and bFGF although lactate and bicarbonate are both toxic for HPMCs.	Bicarbonates	62-73	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	173-177
16983936-7	2006	These results suggest that dialysis fluid containing 40 mEq/L bicarbonate is superior to fluid containing 40 mEq/L lactate with regard to its influence on the production of VEGF and bFGF although lactate and bicarbonate are both toxic for HPMCs.	Bicarbonates	62-73	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	182-186
16118390-3	2006	In contrast, the AS-/- mice have low blood pressure, abnormal electrolyte homeostasis (increased plasma concentrations of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and decreased concentrations of HCO3(-) and Cl- but no difference in the plasma Na+ level), and disturbances in water metabolism (higher urine output, decreased urine osmolality, and impaired urine concentrating and diluting ability).	Bicarbonates	173-177	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	17-19
17170521-3	2006	The presence of the SLC26A6 anion exchanger was detected by both RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis in IEC-6 cells, in which three different small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting SLC26A6 markedly inhibited Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	214-218	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	20-27
16543717-3	2006	To investigate CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) conductance and the role of HCO(3)(-) in regulating ASL pH we determined the pH of the fluid covering the apical surface of airway epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	29-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
16543717-12	2006	The pH measurements of the fluid covering the apical part of cell cultures support the notion that bicarbonate ions may be transported by CFTR, and that this can be inhibited by specific CFTR inhibitors.	Bicarbonates	99-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
16543717-12	2006	The pH measurements of the fluid covering the apical part of cell cultures support the notion that bicarbonate ions may be transported by CFTR, and that this can be inhibited by specific CFTR inhibitors.	Bicarbonates	99-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	187-191
17170521-3	2006	The presence of the SLC26A6 anion exchanger was detected by both RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis in IEC-6 cells, in which three different small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting SLC26A6 markedly inhibited Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	214-218	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	183-190
17170521-6	2006	Pretreatment of cells with heparin, a non-selective inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), prevented the observed attenuation of SKF 38393-induced inhibition of Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	182-186	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
17170521-9	2006	These findings suggest that SLC26A6 is at least one of the anion exchanger"s family members responsible for Cl-/HCO3- exchange in IEC-6 cells.	Bicarbonates	112-116	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	28-35
16902291-2	2006	The undesired fat deposits are injected with tumescence fluid containing saline, epinephrine, bicarbonate and lidocaine; the latter is used as the only source of pain control.	Bicarbonates	94-105	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
16472174-9	2006	Activation of NHE-1 results only in a small increase in pH(i), under physiological conditions where bicarbonate-dependent mechanisms are active.	Bicarbonates	100-111	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	14-19
16239253-10	2006	In the Xenopus oocyte, the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail residues reported to bind carbonic anhydrase II are dispensable for Cl- -Cl- exchange, but required for Cl- -HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	168-172	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	27-30
16239253-10	2006	In the Xenopus oocyte, the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail residues reported to bind carbonic anhydrase II are dispensable for Cl- -Cl- exchange, but required for Cl- -HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	168-172	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	85-106
16523427-1	2006	BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that bicarbonate dialysis solutions incubated with endothelial cells (EC) enhance nitric oxide synthase (NOS).	Bicarbonates	44-55	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	121-142
17091214-6	2006	Advances resulted from research into the airway disease associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) after it was found that the CFTR Cl(-) channel conducts HCO (3) (-) and, therefore, may contribute to ASL pH.	Bicarbonates	149-156	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	121-125
17120771-6	2006	Moreover, during NaCl restriction or following DOCP treatment, Slc26a4-/- mice have a higher serum HCO3- than wild type mice from an impaired ability to excrete OH- equivalents.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	63-70
16354689-8	2006	In the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal CA3 region, where AE3 is strongly expressed, disruption of AE3 abolished sodium-independent chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	148-159	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	47-50
16354689-8	2006	In the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal CA3 region, where AE3 is strongly expressed, disruption of AE3 abolished sodium-independent chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	148-159	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	106-109
16785749-1	2006	Na+-HCO3- cotransporter (NBC1) plays a major role in bicarbonate reabsorption from proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	53-64	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
16785749-9	2006	These results are consistent with a view that kNBC1 is the dominant variant that mediates bicarbonate reabsorption from rat renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	90-101	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
17120762-1	2006	Congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD, OMIM214700) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in a plasma membrane protein, the solute-linked carrier family 26 member A3 (SLC26A3) protein, which encodes for an epithelial anion exchanger for Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	249-253	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	128-169
17120762-1	2006	Congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD, OMIM214700) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in a plasma membrane protein, the solute-linked carrier family 26 member A3 (SLC26A3) protein, which encodes for an epithelial anion exchanger for Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	249-253	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	171-178
17120764-6	2006	Mouse Slc26a6 and human SLC26A6 each mediated electroneutral Cl-/HCO3- and Cl-/OH- exchange.	Bicarbonates	65-69	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	6-13
17120764-6	2006	Mouse Slc26a6 and human SLC26A6 each mediated electroneutral Cl-/HCO3- and Cl-/OH- exchange.	Bicarbonates	65-69	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	24-31
17120772-6	2006	Here, we review and extend data indicating that charge movement by prestin and consequently electromotility depend on the presence of small monovalent anions such as chloride and bicarbonate at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.	Bicarbonates	179-190	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	67-74
16107207-1	2005	Human AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes and as a truncated form (kAE1) in the BLM (basolateral membrane) of a-intercalated cells of the distal nephron, where they carry out electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	236-247	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	6-9
17120765-9	2006	Slc26a9 thus functions as an electrogenic nCl-/HCO3- exchanger, suggesting a role in pulmonary and gastric HCO3- secretion and/or CO2 transport.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	0-7
17120765-10	2006	VC experiments revealed channel-like currents (&gt;10 microA at -60mV and &gt;80 microA at +60mV) mediated by Slc26a9 in the presence and absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	149-153	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	110-117
17120766-8	2006	Microperfusion studies on SLC26A6 null mice demonstrated that SLC26A6 is essential for oxalate-dependent NaCl absorption but does not contribute to baseline transport, suggesting it primarily mediates Cl-/oxalate exchange rather than Cl--OH- or Cl-/HCO3- exchange in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	249-253	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	62-69
17120767-1	2006	SLC26 anion exchangers (probably SLC26A3 and SLC26A6) are expressed on the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells and play a key role in HCO3- secretion; a process that is inhibited by the neuropeptide, substance P (SP).	Bicarbonates	139-143	chloride anion exchanger	Cavia porcellus	33-40
17120767-1	2006	SLC26 anion exchangers (probably SLC26A3 and SLC26A6) are expressed on the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells and play a key role in HCO3- secretion; a process that is inhibited by the neuropeptide, substance P (SP).	Bicarbonates	139-143	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Cavia porcellus	45-52
17120768-1	2006	Most epithelia that express CFTR secrete fluid rich in HCO3- and poor in Cl- that is generated by a CFTR-dependent Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion process that when aberrant leads to human diseases such as cystic fibrosis and congenital chloride diarrhoea.	Bicarbonates	55-59	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
17120768-1	2006	Most epithelia that express CFTR secrete fluid rich in HCO3- and poor in Cl- that is generated by a CFTR-dependent Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion process that when aberrant leads to human diseases such as cystic fibrosis and congenital chloride diarrhoea.	Bicarbonates	55-59	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
17120768-1	2006	Most epithelia that express CFTR secrete fluid rich in HCO3- and poor in Cl- that is generated by a CFTR-dependent Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion process that when aberrant leads to human diseases such as cystic fibrosis and congenital chloride diarrhoea.	Bicarbonates	134-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
17120768-1	2006	Most epithelia that express CFTR secrete fluid rich in HCO3- and poor in Cl- that is generated by a CFTR-dependent Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion process that when aberrant leads to human diseases such as cystic fibrosis and congenital chloride diarrhoea.	Bicarbonates	134-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
17120768-2	2006	Epithelial Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion require expression of CFTR and other Cl- and HCO3- transporters in the luminal membrane of the secreting cells.	Bicarbonates	30-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-72
17120771-1	2006	SLC26A4 (pendrin, PDS) is a Na+-independent, Cl-/HCO3-/OH- exchanger that is expressed in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells within the cortical collecting duct (CCD), the connecting tubule and the distal convoluted tubule where it mediates HCO3- secretion and Cl- absorption.	Bicarbonates	49-53	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
17120771-1	2006	SLC26A4 (pendrin, PDS) is a Na+-independent, Cl-/HCO3-/OH- exchanger that is expressed in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells within the cortical collecting duct (CCD), the connecting tubule and the distal convoluted tubule where it mediates HCO3- secretion and Cl- absorption.	Bicarbonates	49-53	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	9-16
16538881-8	2006	In BIC group, venous plasma bicarbonate was 27.4 +/- 2.3 mmol/L, base excess 0.8 +/- 2.2 mmol/L, and pH 7.31 +/- 0.05; in LAC group, venous bicarbonate was 25.9 +/- 2.4 mmol/L, base excess -0.6 +/- 2.1 mmol/L, and pH 7.30 +/- 0.04.	Bicarbonates	28-39	lactase	Homo sapiens	122-125
16118313-1	2005	The 911 amino acid band 3 (SLC4A1) is the major intrinsic membrane protein of red cells and is the principal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	113-117	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-33
16107207-1	2005	Human AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes and as a truncated form (kAE1) in the BLM (basolateral membrane) of a-intercalated cells of the distal nephron, where they carry out electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	236-247	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	11-28
16107207-1	2005	Human AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes and as a truncated form (kAE1) in the BLM (basolateral membrane) of a-intercalated cells of the distal nephron, where they carry out electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	236-247	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	104-108
16107207-11	2005	This results in sufficient cell-surface expression of kAE1 to maintain adequate bicarbonate reabsorption and proton secretion without dRTA.	Bicarbonates	80-91	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	54-58
16093277-5	2005	Steady-state pHi in choroidal cells increased from 7.03 +/- 0.02 to 7.38 +/- 0.02 (n=41) after addition of CO2/HCO3- into the bath solution.	Bicarbonates	111-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
16140263-4	2005	Oxidation of LDL by the O2/cytochrome P450 cytochrome c reductase/NADPH/FeCl3 MFO system is only slightly higher (25%) in the bicarbonate/CO2 buffer as compared to phosphate buffer, but is dependent on all components except FeCl3.	Bicarbonates	126-137	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	43-55
16174776-3	2005	CA-induced augmentation of the rate of H+ flux mediated by MCT1 was not inhibited by ethoxyzolamide (10 microM) and did not depend on the presence of added CO2/HCO3- but was suppressed by injection of an antibody against CA.	Bicarbonates	160-164	solute carrier family 16 member 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	59-63
16093277-8	2005	The pHi recovery after acid loading revealed an initial Na+ and HCO3- -dependent net base flux of 0.828 +/- 0.116 mM/s (n = 8).	Bicarbonates	64-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
16144965-8	2005	However, urinary pH and Pco(2) were much lower in Slc26a4 null relative to wild-type mice due to reduced urinary buffering of secreted H(+) by HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	143-149	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	50-57
15956032-2	2005	Previously, we demonstrated that in pancreatic duct CFPAC-1 cells, which express DeltaF508 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), the intracellular trafficking of carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV), a membrane protein involved in HCO(3)(-) secretion, was impaired.	Bicarbonates	246-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
15956032-2	2005	Previously, we demonstrated that in pancreatic duct CFPAC-1 cells, which express DeltaF508 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), the intracellular trafficking of carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV), a membrane protein involved in HCO(3)(-) secretion, was impaired.	Bicarbonates	246-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-148
15956032-2	2005	Previously, we demonstrated that in pancreatic duct CFPAC-1 cells, which express DeltaF508 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), the intracellular trafficking of carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV), a membrane protein involved in HCO(3)(-) secretion, was impaired.	Bicarbonates	246-252	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	184-205
15956032-2	2005	Previously, we demonstrated that in pancreatic duct CFPAC-1 cells, which express DeltaF508 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), the intracellular trafficking of carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV), a membrane protein involved in HCO(3)(-) secretion, was impaired.	Bicarbonates	246-252	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	207-212
16227998-0	2005	Monovalent cation leaks in human red cells caused by single amino-acid substitutions in the transport domain of the band 3 chloride-bicarbonate exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	132-143	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	155-158
16269966-3	2005	METHODS: Using a fluorescent dye, we assessed NHE activity by Na-dependent acid extrusion rates (JH) after an acid load in the absence of CO2/HCO3- in VSMCs treated with aldosterone.	Bicarbonates	142-146	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	46-49
15942273-9	2005	We conclude that low [Cl-]o environment causes activation of extracellular HCO3- -dependent pHi-regulating mechanism, that results in the rapid recovery of pHi following acidosis, and the attenuation of acidosis-induced contraction of WKY aorta.	Bicarbonates	75-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
15942273-9	2005	We conclude that low [Cl-]o environment causes activation of extracellular HCO3- -dependent pHi-regulating mechanism, that results in the rapid recovery of pHi following acidosis, and the attenuation of acidosis-induced contraction of WKY aorta.	Bicarbonates	75-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
15958523-0	2005	Regulation of CFTR channels by HCO(3)--sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase in human airway epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	31-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
15958523-1	2005	CFTR channels conduct HCO(3)(-) in addition to Cl(-) in airway epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	22-28	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
15958523-2	2005	A defective HCO(3)(-)-transporting function of CFTR may underlie the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	12-18	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
15958523-3	2005	In the present study, we have investigated whether a HCO(3)(-)-sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is functionally coupled with CFTR and thus forms an autoregulatory mechanism for HCO(3)(-) transport in human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells.	Bicarbonates	53-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
15958523-3	2005	In the present study, we have investigated whether a HCO(3)(-)-sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is functionally coupled with CFTR and thus forms an autoregulatory mechanism for HCO(3)(-) transport in human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells.	Bicarbonates	185-194	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
15958523-8	2005	Adding 25 mM HCO(3)(-) to the bath stimulated CFTR-mediated whole cell currents in the absence, but not in the presence, of 2-HE.	Bicarbonates	13-19	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
15958523-10	2005	These findings demonstrate that sAC signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of CFTR function in human airway epithelium and thereby provides a link between the level of intracellular HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) and the modulation of HCO(3)(-)-conductive CFTR function by cAMP/PKA.	Bicarbonates	191-197	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
15958523-10	2005	These findings demonstrate that sAC signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of CFTR function in human airway epithelium and thereby provides a link between the level of intracellular HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) and the modulation of HCO(3)(-)-conductive CFTR function by cAMP/PKA.	Bicarbonates	191-197	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	250-254
15958523-10	2005	These findings demonstrate that sAC signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of CFTR function in human airway epithelium and thereby provides a link between the level of intracellular HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) and the modulation of HCO(3)(-)-conductive CFTR function by cAMP/PKA.	Bicarbonates	191-198	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
15958523-10	2005	These findings demonstrate that sAC signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of CFTR function in human airway epithelium and thereby provides a link between the level of intracellular HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) and the modulation of HCO(3)(-)-conductive CFTR function by cAMP/PKA.	Bicarbonates	191-198	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	250-254
16168386-3	2005	Indeed, TASK-2 (KCNK5) has been shown to control excitability, volume regulation, bicarbonate handling, and apoptosis in a variety of tissues.	Bicarbonates	82-93	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 5	Homo sapiens	16-21
15948716-1	2005	The NCE103 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a CA (carbonic anhydrase) that catalyses the interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	134-145	carbonate dehydratase NCE103	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-10
16106378-1	2005	Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) has a histidine at position 64 (His64) that donates a proton to the zinc-bound hydroxide in catalysis of the dehydration of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	161-172	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
15905414-0	2005	A novel small molecule CFTR inhibitor attenuates HCO3- secretion and duodenal ulcer formation in rats.	Bicarbonates	49-53	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
16168001-0	2005	Duodenal bicarbonate secretion--the prostaglandin receptor involved is EP4.	Bicarbonates	9-20	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	71-74
16168007-2	2005	The spectrum of activities by PGE2 in mammals, including cytoprotective bicarbonate secretion in duodenum, is mediated through four G protein-coupled receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4).	Bicarbonates	72-83	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Homo sapiens	169-172
16168007-2	2005	The spectrum of activities by PGE2 in mammals, including cytoprotective bicarbonate secretion in duodenum, is mediated through four G protein-coupled receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4).	Bicarbonates	72-83	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
15905414-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a crucial role in mediating duodenal bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion (DBS).	Bicarbonates	111-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	4-60
15905414-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a crucial role in mediating duodenal bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion (DBS).	Bicarbonates	111-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
15914778-7	2005	Zebrafish Ae2 also mediates Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in X. laevis oocytes and accumulates in or near the plasma membrane in transfected HEK-293 cells.	Bicarbonates	34-40	solute carrier family 4 member 2a	Danio rerio	10-13
15905414-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a crucial role in mediating duodenal bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion (DBS).	Bicarbonates	124-130	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	4-60
15905414-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a crucial role in mediating duodenal bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion (DBS).	Bicarbonates	124-130	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
15905414-3	2005	To explain this apparent paradox, we hypothesized that CFTR dysfunction increases cellular [HCO(3)(-)] and buffering power.	Bicarbonates	92-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
15905414-10	2005	CFTR(inh)-172 acutely produces CFTR dysfunction in rodents for up to 24 h. CFTR inhibition reduces acid-induced DBS but also prevents duodenal ulcer formation, supporting our hypothesis that intracellular HCO(3)(-) may be an important protective mechanism for duodenal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	205-211	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16192632-8	2005	High secretin receptor expression in the non-neoplastic ducts reflects the major role of secretin in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	101-112	secretin receptor	Homo sapiens	5-22
15905414-10	2005	CFTR(inh)-172 acutely produces CFTR dysfunction in rodents for up to 24 h. CFTR inhibition reduces acid-induced DBS but also prevents duodenal ulcer formation, supporting our hypothesis that intracellular HCO(3)(-) may be an important protective mechanism for duodenal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	205-211	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
16192632-8	2005	High secretin receptor expression in the non-neoplastic ducts reflects the major role of secretin in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	101-112	secretin	Homo sapiens	5-13
15905414-10	2005	CFTR(inh)-172 acutely produces CFTR dysfunction in rodents for up to 24 h. CFTR inhibition reduces acid-induced DBS but also prevents duodenal ulcer formation, supporting our hypothesis that intracellular HCO(3)(-) may be an important protective mechanism for duodenal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	205-211	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
16204762-0	2005	ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion mediated by a common pathway - involvement of PG, NO and bradykinin.	Bicarbonates	52-56	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	0-3
15985616-6	2005	The acid-induced HCO3(-) secretion was attenuated by indomethacin, L-NAME, the EP1 antagonist, and sensory deafferentation, but not affected by capsazepine or FR172357.	Bicarbonates	17-21	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
16036917-4	2005	Additional shared aspects of the phenotypes of CatSper1 and -2 null sperm include unperturbed regional distributions of conventional voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel proteins and robust acceleration of the flagellar beat by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	220-231	cation channel sperm associated 1	Homo sapiens	47-62
15907194-8	2005	Furthermore, FrZIP2-mediated zinc uptake activity was slightly inhibited by 0.5 mM HCO3-, indicating that FrZIP2 may employ a different mechanism of zinc translocation from the assumed HCO3--coupled zinc transport used by human SLC39A2.	Bicarbonates	83-87	solute carrier family 39 member 2	Homo sapiens	228-235
15907194-8	2005	Furthermore, FrZIP2-mediated zinc uptake activity was slightly inhibited by 0.5 mM HCO3-, indicating that FrZIP2 may employ a different mechanism of zinc translocation from the assumed HCO3--coupled zinc transport used by human SLC39A2.	Bicarbonates	185-189	solute carrier family 39 member 2	Homo sapiens	228-235
16046910-10	2005	Recently, SLC4A11 (bicarbonate transporter 1) was shown to function as an electrogenic Na/borate cotransporter unable to transport HCO3 but involved in cell cycle control.	Bicarbonates	131-135	solute carrier family 4 member 11	Homo sapiens	10-17
16204762-8	2005	These results suggest that both an ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist (in the presence of angiotensin II) increase duodenal HCO3- secretion via a common pathway, involving bradykinin, NO and PGs.	Bicarbonates	122-126	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	35-38
16204762-0	2005	ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion mediated by a common pathway - involvement of PG, NO and bradykinin.	Bicarbonates	52-56	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
16204762-8	2005	These results suggest that both an ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist (in the presence of angiotensin II) increase duodenal HCO3- secretion via a common pathway, involving bradykinin, NO and PGs.	Bicarbonates	122-126	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
16204762-0	2005	ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion mediated by a common pathway - involvement of PG, NO and bradykinin.	Bicarbonates	52-56	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	125-135
16204762-8	2005	These results suggest that both an ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist (in the presence of angiotensin II) increase duodenal HCO3- secretion via a common pathway, involving bradykinin, NO and PGs.	Bicarbonates	122-126	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	88-102
16204762-8	2005	These results suggest that both an ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist (in the presence of angiotensin II) increase duodenal HCO3- secretion via a common pathway, involving bradykinin, NO and PGs.	Bicarbonates	122-126	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	170-180
16204762-9	2005	It is also assumed that bradykinin releases NO locally, which in turns stimulates HCO3- secretion mediated by PGs.	Bicarbonates	82-86	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	24-34
16204762-4	2005	Enalapril increased the HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with a decrease in arterial blood pressure (MBP), and these effects were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin, L-NAME and FR172357 (a selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist).	Bicarbonates	24-28	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	234-244
16204762-5	2005	Although losartan alone did not affect the HCO3- secretion, despite reducing MBP, the agent dose-dependently increased the HCO3- secretion in the presence of angiotensin II, and this response was totally antagonized by prior administration of FR172357, indomethacin and L-NAME.	Bicarbonates	123-127	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	158-172
16204762-6	2005	Bradykinin also dose-dependently increased the HCO3- secretion with no change in MBP, though transient, and again the effects were blocked by indomethacin, L-NAME and FR172357.	Bicarbonates	47-51	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
16142301-2	2005	In addition, angiotensin II stimulates H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption in both proximal and distal tubules and regulates H+-ATPase activity in intercalated cells of the collecting tubule.	Bicarbonates	56-60	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	13-27
16142301-3	2005	Different results regarding the effect of angiotensin II on bicarbonate reabsorption and proton secretion have been reported at the functional level, depending on the angiotensin II concentration and tubule segment studied.	Bicarbonates	60-71	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	42-56
16089431-1	2005	The binding of titanium(IV) to human serum transferrin in 50 mM Tris with 20 mM bicarbonate and 10 mM citrate at pH 7.4 was studied by UV/vis kinetics and by isothermal titration calorimetry.	Bicarbonates	80-91	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
15800055-0	2005	SLC26A9 is expressed in gastric surface epithelial cells, mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange, and is inhibited by NH4+.	Bicarbonates	71-75	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	0-7
15800055-5	2005	Functional studies in HEK-293 cells demonstrated that SLC26A9 mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange and is also capable of Cl--independent HCO3- extrusion.	Bicarbonates	75-79	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	54-61
15800055-5	2005	Functional studies in HEK-293 cells demonstrated that SLC26A9 mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange and is also capable of Cl--independent HCO3- extrusion.	Bicarbonates	129-133	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	54-61
15800055-9	2005	Given its critical localization on the apical membrane of surface epithelial cells, its ability to transport HCO3-, and its inhibition by NH4+, we propose that SLC26A9 mediates HCO3- secretion in surface epithelial cells and is essential for protection against acidic injury in the stomach.	Bicarbonates	109-113	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	160-167
15800055-9	2005	Given its critical localization on the apical membrane of surface epithelial cells, its ability to transport HCO3-, and its inhibition by NH4+, we propose that SLC26A9 mediates HCO3- secretion in surface epithelial cells and is essential for protection against acidic injury in the stomach.	Bicarbonates	177-181	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	160-167
15800055-10	2005	Disease states that are associated with increased ammonia (NH3)/NH4+ generation (e.g., Helicobacter pylori) may impair gastric HCO3- secretion and therefore predispose patients to peptic ulcer by inhibiting SLC26A9.	Bicarbonates	127-131	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	207-214
16015685-10	2005	CONCLUSION: TMP may stimulate cAMP-dependent and CFTR-mediated Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	73-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	49-53
15952032-5	2005	They activate enterocytes via guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) and increase the cellular concentration of cGMP which leads to secretion of Cl-, HCO3- and water into the intestinal lumen and to inhibition of Na+ absorption.	Bicarbonates	138-142	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	51-55
15990874-5	2005	Regulation of SLC26A6 bicarbonate transport by protein kinase C (PKC) was investigated.	Bicarbonates	22-33	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	14-21
15975995-0	2005	Roles of insulin receptor substrates in insulin-induced stimulation of renal proximal bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	86-97	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	9-25
15990874-6	2005	Angiotensin II (AngII), which activates PKC, decreased Cl-/HCO3- exchange in cells coexpressing SLC26A6 and AT1a-AngII receptor.	Bicarbonates	59-63	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-14
15946639-1	2005	Augmentation, by CO(2)/HCO(3)(-), of Co(II)-catalyzed peroxidations was explored to clarify whether the rate enhancement was due to CO(2) or to HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	23-29	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	37-42
15990874-6	2005	Angiotensin II (AngII), which activates PKC, decreased Cl-/HCO3- exchange in cells coexpressing SLC26A6 and AT1a-AngII receptor.	Bicarbonates	59-63	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	16-21
15990874-6	2005	Angiotensin II (AngII), which activates PKC, decreased Cl-/HCO3- exchange in cells coexpressing SLC26A6 and AT1a-AngII receptor.	Bicarbonates	59-63	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	96-103
15990874-6	2005	Angiotensin II (AngII), which activates PKC, decreased Cl-/HCO3- exchange in cells coexpressing SLC26A6 and AT1a-AngII receptor.	Bicarbonates	59-63	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	113-118
15990874-10	2005	PKC therefore reduces CAII/SLC26A6 interaction, reducing bicarbonate transport rate.	Bicarbonates	57-68	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
15713912-1	2005	The kidney Na(+):HCO(3)(-) cotransporter NBC1 is located exclusively on the basolateral membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells and is responsible for the reabsorption of majority of filtered bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Canis lupus familiaris	41-45
15946639-2	2005	The rate of oxidation of NADH by Co(II) plus H(2)O(2), in Tris or phosphate, was markedly enhanced by CO(2)/HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	108-114	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	33-39
15926041-4	2005	Switching from CO2/HCO3- -buffered to HEPES-buffered solution caused a rapid intracellular alkalinization followed by a counter-regulation towards initial pH(i).	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	155-160
16789896-4	2005	These HCO3- responses in the duodenum were markedly reduced by prior administration of the EP4 antagonist in rats, and profoundly decreased in the animals lacking EP3 receptors but not EP1 receptors.	Bicarbonates	6-10	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
15946885-7	2005	The macrocomplex formed by Rh, RhAG and band3 is thought contributing for the physiological functions, anchoring lipid bilayer to spectrin-based framework and membrane transportation of CO2 and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	194-198	Rh associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	31-35
16789896-6	2005	Consistent with these findings, duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by both EP3 and EP4 agonists but not EP1 or EP2 agonists, while gastric HCO3- secretion was increased by the EP1 agonist but not EP2, EP3 or EP4 agonists.	Bicarbonates	144-148	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
16789896-4	2005	These HCO3- responses in the duodenum were markedly reduced by prior administration of the EP4 antagonist in rats, and profoundly decreased in the animals lacking EP3 receptors but not EP1 receptors.	Bicarbonates	6-10	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
16789896-7	2005	In addition, the HCO3- stimulatory action of sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) in the stomach was inhibited by the Ca2+ antagonist verapamil but not affected by IBMX, the inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, while that in the duodenum was inhibited by verapamil and enhanced by IBMX.	Bicarbonates	17-21	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
16789896-7	2005	In addition, the HCO3- stimulatory action of sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) in the stomach was inhibited by the Ca2+ antagonist verapamil but not affected by IBMX, the inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, while that in the duodenum was inhibited by verapamil and enhanced by IBMX.	Bicarbonates	17-21	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
16789896-9	2005	Thus, the HCO3- stimulatory action of PGE2 in the duodenum is mediated by both EP3 and EP4 receptors being coupled intracellularly with both Ca2+ and cAMP, while that in the stomach is mediated by EP1 receptors, coupled with Ca2+.	Bicarbonates	10-14	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
16789896-5	2005	In contrast, gastric HCO3- responses induced by PGE2 and mucosal acidification were prevented by the EP1 antagonist and disappeared in EP1, but not EP3-knockout mice.	Bicarbonates	21-25	prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1)	Mus musculus	101-104
16789896-9	2005	Thus, the HCO3- stimulatory action of PGE2 in the duodenum is mediated by both EP3 and EP4 receptors being coupled intracellularly with both Ca2+ and cAMP, while that in the stomach is mediated by EP1 receptors, coupled with Ca2+.	Bicarbonates	10-14	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
16789896-9	2005	Thus, the HCO3- stimulatory action of PGE2 in the duodenum is mediated by both EP3 and EP4 receptors being coupled intracellularly with both Ca2+ and cAMP, while that in the stomach is mediated by EP1 receptors, coupled with Ca2+.	Bicarbonates	10-14	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
16789896-5	2005	In contrast, gastric HCO3- responses induced by PGE2 and mucosal acidification were prevented by the EP1 antagonist and disappeared in EP1, but not EP3-knockout mice.	Bicarbonates	21-25	prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1)	Mus musculus	135-138
16789896-6	2005	Consistent with these findings, duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by both EP3 and EP4 agonists but not EP1 or EP2 agonists, while gastric HCO3- secretion was increased by the EP1 agonist but not EP2, EP3 or EP4 agonists.	Bicarbonates	41-45	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
16789896-6	2005	Consistent with these findings, duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by both EP3 and EP4 agonists but not EP1 or EP2 agonists, while gastric HCO3- secretion was increased by the EP1 agonist but not EP2, EP3 or EP4 agonists.	Bicarbonates	41-45	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
15705663-2	2005	However, bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (AC), the major AC present in these cells, is not directly coupled to G proteins.	Bicarbonates	9-20	adenylate cyclase 3	Mus musculus	57-59
16022097-9	2005	Whereas lactate-incubated cells did not respond to IL-1beta stimulation, bicarbonate/lactate-treated cells adequately increased IL-6 release after stimulation (p &lt; 0.0005).	Bicarbonates	73-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	128-132
15863252-10	2005	In conclusion, our results show an impairment of BSIF by DDS mainly due to a decreased AE2-mediated biliary excretion of HCO(3)(-), formation of the N-hydroxylated metabolite of DDS being a likely mediator.	Bicarbonates	121-127	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
15650130-0	2005	Chloride conductance of CFTR facilitates basal Cl-/HCO3- exchange in the villous epithelium of intact murine duodenum.	Bicarbonates	51-55	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	24-28
15650130-7	2005	Similarly, treatment of WT epithelium with the CFTR-selective blocker glybenclamide decreased the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange rate to the level of CF epithelium.	Bicarbonates	104-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	47-51
15718246-4	2005	In Xenopus oocytes, NBCn1-E raised the intracellular pH in the presence of HCO(3) without significantly affecting the membrane potential.	Bicarbonates	75-81	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	20-25
15914972-10	2005	RESULTS: CsA and L-NAME reduced urine pH and the serum HCO3- concentration, and increased serum K+ and Cl- concentrations.	Bicarbonates	55-60	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	9-12
15914972-11	2005	The combination of CsA with L-NAME caused more severe deficits in the serum HCO3- concentration and elevations in serum K+ and Cl- concentrations than either drug alone.	Bicarbonates	76-80	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	19-22
15659711-11	2005	While hsAC had a minimal response to HCO(3)(-) in the absence of divalent cations, HCO(3)(-) robustly stimulated Mg(2+)-bound hsAC but inhibited Mn(2+)-bound hsAC in a dose-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	83-89	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	126-130
15659711-11	2005	While hsAC had a minimal response to HCO(3)(-) in the absence of divalent cations, HCO(3)(-) robustly stimulated Mg(2+)-bound hsAC but inhibited Mn(2+)-bound hsAC in a dose-dependent manner.	Bicarbonates	83-89	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	126-130
15659711-12	2005	In summary, hsAC is a divalent cation and HCO(3)(-) sensor, and its HCO(3)(-) sensitivity is modulated by divalent cations.	Bicarbonates	42-48	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	12-16
15659711-12	2005	In summary, hsAC is a divalent cation and HCO(3)(-) sensor, and its HCO(3)(-) sensitivity is modulated by divalent cations.	Bicarbonates	68-74	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	12-16
16852163-8	2005	Adsorbed CO2 gave carbonate and hydrogen-carbonate surface species similar to those formed by gamma-Al2O3.	Bicarbonates	32-50	complement C2	Homo sapiens	9-12
15890026-6	2005	In livers in vivo, as well as in those perfused ex vivo, treatment with the CSE inhibitor induced choleresis by stimulating the basal excretion of bicarbonate in bile samples.	Bicarbonates	147-158	cystathionine gamma-lyase	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
15890026-9	2005	These results first provided evidence that H(2)S generated through CSE modulates biliary bicarbonate excretion and is thus a determinant of bile salt-independent bile formation in the rat liver.	Bicarbonates	89-100	cystathionine gamma-lyase	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
15705663-2	2005	However, bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (AC), the major AC present in these cells, is not directly coupled to G proteins.	Bicarbonates	9-20	adenylate cyclase 3	Mus musculus	72-74
15574486-2	2005	Modes of transport mediated by SLC26A6 include Cl-/formate exchange, Cl-/HCO3- exchange, and Cl-/oxalate exchange.	Bicarbonates	73-77	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	31-38
15513951-0	2005	Heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli stimulates a non-CFTR-mediated duodenal bicarbonate secretory pathway.	Bicarbonates	84-95	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	61-65
15513951-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an important pathway for duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	113-124	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	4-60
15513951-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an important pathway for duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	113-124	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	62-66
16096263-1	2005	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1, or Band 3) is an integral membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes, responsible for the electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions across the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	155-166	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-33
15705575-7	2005	Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of mTf unfolding in the presence and absence of iron were therefore used to determine the apparent binding constant in the bicarbonate-containing system; at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C, iron binding occurs in a 1:1 ratio with a K(app) of 4.4 x 10(17) M(-1).	Bicarbonates	169-180	melanotransferrin	Mus musculus	49-52
15539434-6	2005	ACh induced a prominent acidification of pH(i) in the presence of HCO(3)(-), and the acidification was further increased by EIPA treatment.	Bicarbonates	66-72	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
15539434-7	2005	Without HCO(3)(-), an application of ACh strongly accelerated the NKCC activity that was measured from the decay of pH(i) during the application of NH(4)(+) (20 mM).	Bicarbonates	8-14	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
15539434-8	2005	Notably, the ACh-induced activation of NKCC was largely suppressed in the presence of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	86-92	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
15539434-11	2005	The regulation of NKCC and NHE by ACh is strongly affected by the physiological level of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	89-95	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
15513951-3	2005	To explore the mechanism of STa-induced bicarbonate secretion in CF more fully, we examined the role of CFTR in STa-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion in mice.	Bicarbonates	136-147	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	104-108
15548529-9	2005	Mouse slc26a6 and human SLC26A6 each mediated electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-)/OH(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	67-74	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	6-13
15513951-7	2005	Control, but not CF, mice produced a significant increase in duodenal bicarbonate secretion after perfusion with forskolin, uroguanylin, or 8-Br-cGMP.	Bicarbonates	70-81	guanylate cyclase activator 2b (retina)	Mus musculus	124-135
15513951-12	2005	Further studies elucidating the intracellular mechanisms responsible for such non-CFTR mediated bicarbonate secretion may lead to important therapies for CF.	Bicarbonates	96-107	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	82-86
15539434-3	2005	In the HCO(3)(-)-free condition, the V(h,ACh) was also blocked by bumetanide, a blocker of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC).	Bicarbonates	7-16	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
15539434-4	2005	In the presence of HCO(3)(-) (24 meq, bubbled with 5% CO(2)), however, the V(h,ACh) was not blocked by bumetanide, but it was suppressed by ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), a Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	19-28	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
15871237-2	2005	With lactate present, G20 reduced U(VI) in both 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonate (PIPES) and bicarbonate buffer.	Bicarbonates	92-103	chromosome 3 open reading frame 18	Homo sapiens	22-25
15644322-0	2005	The basolateral NHE1 Na+/H+ exchanger regulates transepithelial HCO3- absorption through actin cytoskeleton remodeling in renal thick ascending limb.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
15644322-1	2005	In the renal medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL), inhibiting the basolateral NHE1 Na(+)/H(+) exchanger with amiloride or nerve growth factor (NGF) results secondarily in inhibition of the apical NHE3 Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, thereby decreasing transepithelial HCO3- absorption.	Bicarbonates	259-263	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
15644322-1	2005	In the renal medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL), inhibiting the basolateral NHE1 Na(+)/H(+) exchanger with amiloride or nerve growth factor (NGF) results secondarily in inhibition of the apical NHE3 Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, thereby decreasing transepithelial HCO3- absorption.	Bicarbonates	259-263	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
15644322-3	2005	The basolateral addition of 10 microM amiloride or 0.7 nM NGF decreased HCO3- absorption by 27-32%.	Bicarbonates	72-76	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
15644322-9	2005	Vasopressin, which inhibits HCO3- absorption by an amount similar to that observed with amiloride and NGF but does not act via NHE1, did not affect cellular F-actin content.	Bicarbonates	28-32	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
15644322-10	2005	These results indicate that basolateral NHE1 regulates apical NHE3 and HCO3- absorption in the MTAL by controlling the organization of the actin cytoskeleton.	Bicarbonates	71-75	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
15766278-0	2005	The CFTR associated protein CAP70 interacts with the apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger DRA in rabbit small intestinal mucosa.	Bicarbonates	64-68	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-8
15766278-0	2005	The CFTR associated protein CAP70 interacts with the apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger DRA in rabbit small intestinal mucosa.	Bicarbonates	64-68	Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	28-33
15766278-0	2005	The CFTR associated protein CAP70 interacts with the apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger DRA in rabbit small intestinal mucosa.	Bicarbonates	64-68	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	80-83
15767727-6	2005	Pancreatic ductal cells are largely responsible for the amount of bicarbonate and water secretion in response to secretin stimulation.	Bicarbonates	66-77	secretin	Homo sapiens	113-121
15574486-10	2005	We conclude that Slc26a6 mediates oxalate-stimulated NaCl absorption, contributes to apical membrane Cl-/base exchange in the kidney proximal tubule, and also plays an important role in HCO3- secretion in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	186-190	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	17-24
15576627-6	2005	The SMG-bearing esophagus was found to have significant basal alkali secretion, predominantly HCO(3)(-), which averaged 0.21 +/- 0.04 microeq.h(-1).cm(-2).	Bicarbonates	94-100	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G	Homo sapiens	4-7
15576627-12	2005	These data indicate that duct cells and serous demilunes of SMG play a role in HCO(3)(-) secretion, a process that involves M(1) cholinergic receptor stimulation.	Bicarbonates	79-85	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G	Homo sapiens	60-63
15576627-14	2005	HCO(3)(-) secretion is also dependent on serosal Cl(-) and is mediated by DIDS-sensitive transporters, possibly NBC and AE2.	Bicarbonates	0-6	NBPF member 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
15780112-7	2005	Crossover from standard PDF to low-GDP bicarbonate/lactate PDF resulted in a less impaired ultrafiltration (UF), less pronounced VEGF expression and neoangiogenesis, and less severe AGE accumulation, TGF-beta expression, and fibrosis compared to continuous standard PDF exposure for 20 weeks.	Bicarbonates	39-50	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
15819249-5	2005	Thus, the anions were ranked SO4(2-) &gt; Cl- &gt; or = ClO4- &gt; NO3- &gt; HCO3 (from most enhanced to most inhibited) in their influence on granular iron reactivity toward 4ClNB.	Bicarbonates	77-81	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	67-70
15548529-9	2005	Mouse slc26a6 and human SLC26A6 each mediated electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-)/OH(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	67-74	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	24-31
15548529-13	2005	Thus, the orthologous mouse and human SLC26A6 proteins differ in anion selectivity, transport mechanism, and acute regulation, but both mediate electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange.	Bicarbonates	165-171	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	38-45
15548570-0	2005	Role of NBC1 in apical and basolateral HCO3- permeabilities and transendothelial HCO3- fluxes in bovine corneal endothelium.	Bicarbonates	39-43	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Bos taurus	8-12
15548570-7	2005	Using either protocol, we found that cultures treated with NBC1 siRNA had sixfold lower basolateral HCO(3)(-) permeability than untreated or siCONTROL siRNA-treated cells.	Bicarbonates	100-106	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Bos taurus	59-63
15499079-3	2005	The aim of the present study was to determine whether Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) plays a role in the regulation of duodenal mucosal ion transport and HCO(3)(-) secretion by controlling Ca(2+) homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	152-158	T cell leukemia, homeobox 2	Mus musculus	78-81
15548570-11	2005	NBC1 siRNA treatment or 100 muM ouabain also eliminated steady-state HCO(3)(-) flux, as measured by apical compartment alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	69-75	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Bos taurus	0-4
15499079-13	2005	These results indicate that NCX contributes to the regulation of Ca(2+)-dependent duodenal mucosal ion transport and HCO(3)(-) secretion that results from stimulation of muscarinic receptors.	Bicarbonates	117-123	T cell leukemia, homeobox 2	Mus musculus	28-31
15548570-12	2005	Collectively, reduced basolateral HCO(3)(-) permeability, basolateral-to-apical fluxes, and net HCO(3)(-) flux as a result of reduced expression of NBC1 indicate that NBC1 plays a key role in transendothelial HCO(3)(-) flux and is functional only at the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	34-40	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Bos taurus	167-171
15548570-12	2005	Collectively, reduced basolateral HCO(3)(-) permeability, basolateral-to-apical fluxes, and net HCO(3)(-) flux as a result of reduced expression of NBC1 indicate that NBC1 plays a key role in transendothelial HCO(3)(-) flux and is functional only at the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	96-102	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Bos taurus	167-171
15480750-6	2005	DRA mediated electroneutral Cl-/HCO3- exchange but OH- was not transported and SO4(2-)/HCO3- exchange was minimal.	Bicarbonates	32-36	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
15777089-1	2005	Here, we investigated the effect of bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) on the peroxidase activity stimulated by the thiol oxidase activity of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) using electron spin resonance (ESR) and optical techniques.	Bicarbonates	36-53	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
15777089-1	2005	Here, we investigated the effect of bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) on the peroxidase activity stimulated by the thiol oxidase activity of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) using electron spin resonance (ESR) and optical techniques.	Bicarbonates	55-59	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
15777089-3	2005	The addition of HCO3- to aerobic incubations containing SOD1, Cys, and DTPA in phosphate buffer enhanced the peroxidase activity of SOD1, as measured by hydroxylation of cyclic nitrone spin traps, dichlorodihydrofluorescein oxidation to dichlorofluorescein, and oxidation of tyrosine to dityrosine.	Bicarbonates	16-20	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
15777089-3	2005	The addition of HCO3- to aerobic incubations containing SOD1, Cys, and DTPA in phosphate buffer enhanced the peroxidase activity of SOD1, as measured by hydroxylation of cyclic nitrone spin traps, dichlorodihydrofluorescein oxidation to dichlorofluorescein, and oxidation of tyrosine to dityrosine.	Bicarbonates	16-20	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
15777089-4	2005	The addition of catalase inhibited the SOD1 peroxidase activity stimulated by the thiol oxidase actvity, implicating an intermediary role for H2O2 in SOD1/Cys/HCO3(-)-mediated oxidation and hydroxylation reactions.	Bicarbonates	159-163	catalase	Homo sapiens	16-24
15777089-4	2005	The addition of catalase inhibited the SOD1 peroxidase activity stimulated by the thiol oxidase actvity, implicating an intermediary role for H2O2 in SOD1/Cys/HCO3(-)-mediated oxidation and hydroxylation reactions.	Bicarbonates	159-163	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
15777089-5	2005	Using a competitive kinetic method, rate constants for the reaction between the oxidant formed in the SOD1/Cys/HCO3- system and selected inhibitors were measured.	Bicarbonates	111-115	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
15639221-5	2005	Because of this effect, in presence of bicarbonate system, we have observed a protection of enzymatic activity of SE-DHFR with regard to peroxynitrite.	Bicarbonates	39-50	dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	117-121
15652244-10	2005	Biliary secretion of glutathione, an endogenous substrate of Mrp2, and HCO(3)(-), the AE2 substrate, were increased by SL, as a main factor explaining enhanced bile salt-independent bile flow.	Bicarbonates	71-77	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
15777089-6	2005	On the basis of these rate constants, we conclude that the thiol oxidase activity of SOD1 stimulates carbonate anion radical (CO3*-) formation in the presence of HCO3- and that the CO3*- formed in the SOD1/Cys/ HCO3- system is responsible for oxidation and hydroxylation reactions.	Bicarbonates	162-166	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
15777089-6	2005	On the basis of these rate constants, we conclude that the thiol oxidase activity of SOD1 stimulates carbonate anion radical (CO3*-) formation in the presence of HCO3- and that the CO3*- formed in the SOD1/Cys/ HCO3- system is responsible for oxidation and hydroxylation reactions.	Bicarbonates	211-215	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
15777089-6	2005	On the basis of these rate constants, we conclude that the thiol oxidase activity of SOD1 stimulates carbonate anion radical (CO3*-) formation in the presence of HCO3- and that the CO3*- formed in the SOD1/Cys/ HCO3- system is responsible for oxidation and hydroxylation reactions.	Bicarbonates	211-215	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	201-205
15591059-9	2005	Incubating the cells with HCO(3)(-) or butyrate acidified the cytosol and increased the selectivity of SLC26A7 for Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	26-32	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	103-110
15685504-11	2005	Independent variables related to insulin resistance were bicarbonate and Apo A-1/B levels in patients with CKD.	Bicarbonates	57-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
15667203-1	2005	In the catalysis of the hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of bicarbonate by human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II), a histidine residue (His64) shuttles protons between the zinc-bound solvent molecule and the bulk solution.	Bicarbonates	71-82	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	92-113
15480750-6	2005	DRA mediated electroneutral Cl-/HCO3- exchange but OH- was not transported and SO4(2-)/HCO3- exchange was minimal.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
15480750-7	2005	In the presence of 5% CO2/HCO3- the apparent affinity of DRA for Cl- in transfected HEK cells was 23-36 mM, which is lower than that reported for rabbit ileal brush border membrane vesicles and for oocytes injected with human DRA.	Bicarbonates	26-30	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	57-60
15480750-8	2005	DRA was inhibited by 4 mM DIDS (45+/-11%), by 50 microM tenidap (71+/-8%) and by 100 microM glibenclamide (59+/-22% inhibition of HCO3- transport and 79+/-3% inhibition of Cl- transport).	Bicarbonates	130-134	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
15607903-2	2005	These radicals are involved in H2O2-induced structural and functional damage to SOD1, and their mechanism of generation depends on copper and/or (bi)carbonate (i.e., CO2, CO3(-2), or HCO3-).	Bicarbonates	145-158	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
15607903-5	2005	Second, in the presence of DTPA, which inhibits H2O2-induced SOD1 non-active site fragmentation, (bi)carbonate scavenged the enzyme-bound oxidant at the SOD1 active site to produce the carbonate radical anion, CO3*-, thus protecting against active site SOD1 fragmentation.	Bicarbonates	97-110	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
15607903-5	2005	Second, in the presence of DTPA, which inhibits H2O2-induced SOD1 non-active site fragmentation, (bi)carbonate scavenged the enzyme-bound oxidant at the SOD1 active site to produce the carbonate radical anion, CO3*-, thus protecting against active site SOD1 fragmentation.	Bicarbonates	97-110	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
15563508-4	2005	Here, we show that a functional complex of carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) and Na+/bicarbonate co-transporter 1 (NBC1) is specifically expressed in the choriocapillaris and that missense mutations in CA4 linked to autosomal dominant rod-cone dystrophy disrupt NBC1-mediated HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	269-273	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	43-63
15563508-4	2005	Here, we show that a functional complex of carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) and Na+/bicarbonate co-transporter 1 (NBC1) is specifically expressed in the choriocapillaris and that missense mutations in CA4 linked to autosomal dominant rod-cone dystrophy disrupt NBC1-mediated HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	269-273	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
15607903-5	2005	Second, in the presence of DTPA, which inhibits H2O2-induced SOD1 non-active site fragmentation, (bi)carbonate scavenged the enzyme-bound oxidant at the SOD1 active site to produce the carbonate radical anion, CO3*-, thus protecting against active site SOD1 fragmentation.	Bicarbonates	97-110	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
15563508-4	2005	Here, we show that a functional complex of carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) and Na+/bicarbonate co-transporter 1 (NBC1) is specifically expressed in the choriocapillaris and that missense mutations in CA4 linked to autosomal dominant rod-cone dystrophy disrupt NBC1-mediated HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	269-273	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	74-106
15607903-2	2005	These radicals are involved in H2O2-induced structural and functional damage to SOD1, and their mechanism of generation depends on copper and/or (bi)carbonate (i.e., CO2, CO3(-2), or HCO3-).	Bicarbonates	183-188	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
15563508-4	2005	Here, we show that a functional complex of carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) and Na+/bicarbonate co-transporter 1 (NBC1) is specifically expressed in the choriocapillaris and that missense mutations in CA4 linked to autosomal dominant rod-cone dystrophy disrupt NBC1-mediated HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	269-273	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	108-112
15563508-4	2005	Here, we show that a functional complex of carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) and Na+/bicarbonate co-transporter 1 (NBC1) is specifically expressed in the choriocapillaris and that missense mutations in CA4 linked to autosomal dominant rod-cone dystrophy disrupt NBC1-mediated HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	269-273	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	195-198
15607903-8	2005	In addition, (bi)carbonate enhanced H2O2-induced SOD1 turnover as demonstrated by an enhancement in oxygen evolution and SOD1 inactivation.	Bicarbonates	13-26	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
15607903-8	2005	In addition, (bi)carbonate enhanced H2O2-induced SOD1 turnover as demonstrated by an enhancement in oxygen evolution and SOD1 inactivation.	Bicarbonates	13-26	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
16686281-7	2005	Statistical analysis revealed significant (p &lt; 0.05) positive correlations of bicarbonate blood concentration and base excess with TLC and with CD3, CD5, and CD8 cell counts, but not with CD19 and CD16+56 cell counts.	Bicarbonates	81-92	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	152-155
16686281-7	2005	Statistical analysis revealed significant (p &lt; 0.05) positive correlations of bicarbonate blood concentration and base excess with TLC and with CD3, CD5, and CD8 cell counts, but not with CD19 and CD16+56 cell counts.	Bicarbonates	81-92	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	161-164
16686281-8	2005	The CD4 cell count correlated only with blood bicarbonate level.	Bicarbonates	46-57	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	4-7
15850610-12	2005	It is concluded that a Na-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange mechanism mediates the recovery of pHi from alkalosis in platelets and that thrombin activates this exchanger by a direct regulatory pathway.	Bicarbonates	42-46	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	92-95
15342355-0	2005	Tyrosine phosphorylation of the a kinase anchoring protein 3 (AKAP3) and soluble adenylate cyclase are involved in the increase of human sperm motility by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	155-166	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	32-60
15342355-0	2005	Tyrosine phosphorylation of the a kinase anchoring protein 3 (AKAP3) and soluble adenylate cyclase are involved in the increase of human sperm motility by bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	155-166	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	62-67
15956810-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The anion transporters SLC26A6 (PAT1) and SLC26A7, transporting at least chloride, oxalate, sulfate and bicarbonate, show a distinct expression and function in different mammalian species.	Bicarbonates	116-127	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	35-42
15956810-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The anion transporters SLC26A6 (PAT1) and SLC26A7, transporting at least chloride, oxalate, sulfate and bicarbonate, show a distinct expression and function in different mammalian species.	Bicarbonates	116-127	amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
15956810-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The anion transporters SLC26A6 (PAT1) and SLC26A7, transporting at least chloride, oxalate, sulfate and bicarbonate, show a distinct expression and function in different mammalian species.	Bicarbonates	116-127	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	54-61
15709963-3	2005	At the apical membrane, the secretion of moderate concentrations of HCO3- can be explained by the parallel activity of a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and a Cl- conductance, either the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC).	Bicarbonates	68-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	175-226
15709963-3	2005	At the apical membrane, the secretion of moderate concentrations of HCO3- can be explained by the parallel activity of a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and a Cl- conductance, either the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC).	Bicarbonates	68-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	228-232
15709963-3	2005	At the apical membrane, the secretion of moderate concentrations of HCO3- can be explained by the parallel activity of a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and a Cl- conductance, either the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC).	Bicarbonates	68-72	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	239-265
15709963-3	2005	At the apical membrane, the secretion of moderate concentrations of HCO3- can be explained by the parallel activity of a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and a Cl- conductance, either the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC).	Bicarbonates	68-72	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	267-271
15709963-5	2005	HCO3- efflux across the apical membrane is an electrogenic process that is facilitated by the depletion of intracellular Cl-, but it remains to be seen whether it is mediated predominantly by CFTR or by an electrogenic SLC26 anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	192-196
15342355-6	2005	This stimulatory effect of bicarbonate and LY294002 is mediated by an increase in cAMP production and tyrosine phosphorylation of the A kinase anchoring protein, AKAP3.	Bicarbonates	27-38	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	162-167
15342355-8	2005	We remark that, in human spermatozoa, bicarbonate acts primarily through activation of sAC to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of AKAP3 and sperm motility because both effects are blunted by the sAC inhibitor 2OH-estradiol.	Bicarbonates	38-49	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	132-137
15342355-9	2005	In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence that bicarbonate stimulates human sperm motility and hyperactivation through activation of sAC and tyrosine phosphorylation of AKAP3, finally leading to an increased recruitment of PKA to AKAP3.	Bicarbonates	56-67	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	178-183
15342355-9	2005	In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence that bicarbonate stimulates human sperm motility and hyperactivation through activation of sAC and tyrosine phosphorylation of AKAP3, finally leading to an increased recruitment of PKA to AKAP3.	Bicarbonates	56-67	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	239-244
16037691-5	2005	Apoptosis was also prevented by application of a non-stilbene-derivative Cl- channel blocker, NPPB, which cannot block Cl-/HCO3- exchangers.	Bicarbonates	123-127	natriuretic peptide type B	Mus musculus	94-98
15850610-0	2005	Thrombin stimulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange in human platelets.	Bicarbonates	28-32	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
15850610-3	2005	On resuspension of BCECF-loaded platelets in a chloride-free medium (gluconate replaced) that contains bicarbonate, cytosolic pH (pHi) increased and stabilized after 10 min at an alkaline value.	Bicarbonates	103-114	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	130-133
15850610-10	2005	One of the major observations of the present study is that HCO3- equivalent efflux was twice as high when the platelets were previously stimulated with 0.1 IU of thrombin, but thrombin did not produce significant changes of the pHi recovery rate in a bicarbonate-free solution.	Bicarbonates	59-63	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	162-170
15604231-0	2004	NHE2-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption in the distal tubule of NHE3 null mice.	Bicarbonates	14-25	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	0-4
15544920-1	2004	Previously, we showed that oxidation of tryptophan-32 (Trp-32) residue was crucial for H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-))-dependent covalent aggregation of human Cu,Zn SOD1 (hSOD1).	Bicarbonates	96-107	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
15544920-1	2004	Previously, we showed that oxidation of tryptophan-32 (Trp-32) residue was crucial for H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-))-dependent covalent aggregation of human Cu,Zn SOD1 (hSOD1).	Bicarbonates	96-107	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	172-177
15498800-0	2004	Slc26a6: a cardiac chloride-hydroxyl exchanger and predominant chloride-bicarbonate exchanger of the mouse heart.	Bicarbonates	72-83	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
15498800-10	2004	HCO3(-) fluxes were similar for cells expressing AE3fl, SLC26A6 or Slc26a3, suggesting that they have similar transport activity.	Bicarbonates	0-4	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	56-63
15498800-10	2004	HCO3(-) fluxes were similar for cells expressing AE3fl, SLC26A6 or Slc26a3, suggesting that they have similar transport activity.	Bicarbonates	0-4	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	67-74
15498800-12	2004	Activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors, which stimulates protein kinase C, inhibited SLC26A6 Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	101-107	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	87-94
15644251-3	2005	The addition of hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, or ammonium dramatically decreased the formation of bromoorganic DBPs; t-butanol addition significantly increased the formation of bromoorganic DBPs; bicarbonate addition might increase or decrease bromoorganic DBP formation depending on the water source.	Bicarbonates	194-205	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
15604231-0	2004	NHE2-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption in the distal tubule of NHE3 null mice.	Bicarbonates	14-25	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	63-67
15604231-1	2004	NHE3(-/-) mice display a profound defect in proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption but are only mildly acidotic owing to reduced glomerular filtration rate and enhanced H(+) secretion in distal nephron segments.	Bicarbonates	60-71	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	0-4
15604231-2	2004	In vivo microperfusion of rat distal tubules suggests that a significant fraction of bicarbonate reabsorption in this nephron segment is mediated by NHE2.	Bicarbonates	85-96	solute carrier family 9 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
15604231-9	2004	In vivo micropuncture revealed that early distal bicarbonate concentration was elevated in both bicarbonate-loaded and NHE3(-/-) mice.	Bicarbonates	49-60	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	119-123
15604231-10	2004	Further, microperfusion experiments showed that HOE694-sensitive bicarbonate reabsorption capacity was higher in acidotic and NHE3 null animals.	Bicarbonates	65-76	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	126-130
15471865-1	2004	In humans and terrestrial vertebrates, the kidney controls systemic pH in part by absorbing filtered bicarbonate in the proximal tubule via an electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1/SLC4A4).	Bicarbonates	101-112	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	181-186
15604231-11	2004	We conclude that NHE2 contributes importantly to acidification in the distal tubule, and that it plays a major role in limiting urinary bicarbonate losses in states in which a high luminal bicarbonate load is presented to the distal tubule, such as in NHE3 null mice.	Bicarbonates	136-147	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	17-21
15471865-1	2004	In humans and terrestrial vertebrates, the kidney controls systemic pH in part by absorbing filtered bicarbonate in the proximal tubule via an electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1/SLC4A4).	Bicarbonates	101-112	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	187-193
15471865-9	2004	HCO3- -elicited currents for S427L were approximately 10% of WT NBCe1, and CO2-induced acidification was approximately 4-fold faster.	Bicarbonates	0-4	solute carrier family 4 member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	64-69
15604231-11	2004	We conclude that NHE2 contributes importantly to acidification in the distal tubule, and that it plays a major role in limiting urinary bicarbonate losses in states in which a high luminal bicarbonate load is presented to the distal tubule, such as in NHE3 null mice.	Bicarbonates	189-200	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	17-21
15501038-7	2004	It has been observed that among all these isozymes, hCA V has the lowest affinity for bicarbonate and carbonate (K(i)"s in the range of 82-95 mM), which may represent an evolutionary adaptation of this isozyme to the rather alkaline environment (pH 8.5) within the mitochondria, where hCA V plays important functions in some biosynthetic reactions involving carboxylating enzymes (pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase).	Bicarbonates	86-97	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	52-57
15501038-7	2004	It has been observed that among all these isozymes, hCA V has the lowest affinity for bicarbonate and carbonate (K(i)"s in the range of 82-95 mM), which may represent an evolutionary adaptation of this isozyme to the rather alkaline environment (pH 8.5) within the mitochondria, where hCA V plays important functions in some biosynthetic reactions involving carboxylating enzymes (pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase).	Bicarbonates	86-97	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	285-290
15501038-7	2004	It has been observed that among all these isozymes, hCA V has the lowest affinity for bicarbonate and carbonate (K(i)"s in the range of 82-95 mM), which may represent an evolutionary adaptation of this isozyme to the rather alkaline environment (pH 8.5) within the mitochondria, where hCA V plays important functions in some biosynthetic reactions involving carboxylating enzymes (pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase).	Bicarbonates	86-97	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	381-401
15579501-7	2004	The response of AE2 in the outer medulla differed from that in the cortex in that HCO(3)(-) loading increased AE2 abundance when administered with Na(+) but had no effect when administered with K(+).	Bicarbonates	82-88	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
15292047-0	2004	Transepithelial HCO3- absorption is defective in renal thick ascending limbs from Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 null mutant mice.	Bicarbonates	16-20	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	99-103
15292047-3	2004	The rate of HCO(3)(-) absorption was decreased 60% in NHE1(-/-) MTALs (15.4 +/- 0.5 pmol.min(-1).mm(-1) wild-type vs. 6.0 +/- 0.5 pmol.min(-1).mm(-1) NHE1(-/-)).	Bicarbonates	12-18	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	54-58
15645646-0	2004	Homozygous (TG)11 allele in intron 8 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has a protective role against bicarbonate decrease in pure pancreatic juice among Japanese male alcoholics.	Bicarbonates	138-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-95
15645646-0	2004	Homozygous (TG)11 allele in intron 8 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has a protective role against bicarbonate decrease in pure pancreatic juice among Japanese male alcoholics.	Bicarbonates	138-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-101
15645646-3	2004	AIM: To investigate in Japanese alcoholics the association between bicarbonate concentration in pure pancreatic juice and one of the polymorphisms of the CFTR gene, the (TG)m Tn tract length in intron 8.	Bicarbonates	67-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	154-158
15292047-7	2004	Thus the regulatory defect in NHE1(-/-) MTALs is specific for factors (bath amiloride and NGF) shown previously to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption through primary effects on basolateral Na(+)/H(+) exchange.	Bicarbonates	123-129	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	30-34
15292047-8	2004	These findings demonstrate a novel role for NHE1 in transepithelial HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL, in which basolateral NHE1 controls the activity of apical NHE3.	Bicarbonates	68-74	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	44-48
15292047-8	2004	These findings demonstrate a novel role for NHE1 in transepithelial HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL, in which basolateral NHE1 controls the activity of apical NHE3.	Bicarbonates	68-74	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	123-127
15292047-8	2004	These findings demonstrate a novel role for NHE1 in transepithelial HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL, in which basolateral NHE1 controls the activity of apical NHE3.	Bicarbonates	68-74	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	160-164
15292047-9	2004	Paradoxically, a reduction in NHE1-mediated H(+) extrusion across the basolateral membrane leads to a decrease in apical Na(+)/H(+) exchange activity that reduces HCO(3)(-) absorption.	Bicarbonates	163-169	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	30-34
15579501-1	2004	The Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger AE2 is believed to be involved in transcellular bicarbonate reabsorption that occurs in the thick ascending limb of Henle"s loop (TAL).	Bicarbonates	78-89	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
15579501-7	2004	The response of AE2 in the outer medulla differed from that in the cortex in that HCO(3)(-) loading increased AE2 abundance when administered with Na(+) but had no effect when administered with K(+).	Bicarbonates	82-88	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
15579501-10	2004	These results suggest that regulation of the basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger AE2 plays an important role in the adaptation of bicarbonate absorption in the TAL during chronic acid-base disturbances and high sodium intake.	Bicarbonates	132-143	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
15486932-12	2004	In conclusion, coordinated regulation of ductal secretion by secretin (through cAMP) and adrenergic receptor agonist activation (through Ca(2+)/PKC) induces maximal ductal bicarbonate secretion in liver diseases.	Bicarbonates	172-183	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
15747314-9	2004	RESULTS: Acetate, even in the low concentration present in Bic was able to induce a significant iNOS gene transcription (results expressed as relative units and referred to basal values: Acet 1.9 +/- 0.01 fold increase, p&lt;0.01; Bic 1.45 +/- 0.03 p&lt;0.05; BicHCl 1.24 +/- 0.01; AF 1.17 +/- 0.02) and translation.	Bicarbonates	59-62	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
15747314-9	2004	RESULTS: Acetate, even in the low concentration present in Bic was able to induce a significant iNOS gene transcription (results expressed as relative units and referred to basal values: Acet 1.9 +/- 0.01 fold increase, p&lt;0.01; Bic 1.45 +/- 0.03 p&lt;0.05; BicHCl 1.24 +/- 0.01; AF 1.17 +/- 0.02) and translation.	Bicarbonates	231-234	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
15747314-13	2004	Finally, acetate at the concentrations present in Acet and Bic activated and promoted the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional factor NF-kappaB in ECs (p&lt;0.01 vs unconditioned cells).	Bicarbonates	59-62	Relish	Drosophila melanogaster	142-151
15454240-2	2004	The inhibition of the newly discovered cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozyme XIII of murine origin (mCA XIII) has been investigated with a series of anions, such as the physiological ones (bicarbonate, chloride), or the metal complexing anions (cyanate, cyanide, azide, hydrogen sulfide, etc), nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfamate, sulfamide as well as with phenylboronic and phenylarsonic acids.	Bicarbonates	205-216	carbonic anhydrase 13	Mus musculus	116-124
15571180-5	2004	PATIENTS AND METHODS: To this end, the gene expression of p22phox, a NAD(P)H oxidase subunit closely linked with the generation of superoxide anions and of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), induced by and protective from oxidative stress, were evaluated by RT-PCR in mononuclear cells from 5 patients under 3 times a week chronic bicarbonate dialysis.	Bicarbonates	321-332	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	58-65
15571180-5	2004	PATIENTS AND METHODS: To this end, the gene expression of p22phox, a NAD(P)H oxidase subunit closely linked with the generation of superoxide anions and of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), induced by and protective from oxidative stress, were evaluated by RT-PCR in mononuclear cells from 5 patients under 3 times a week chronic bicarbonate dialysis.	Bicarbonates	321-332	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	156-172
15750978-13	2004	The EPO supplementation was significantly higher in patients treated with bicarbonate dialysis (108 +/- 8 UI/kg/week as compared with patients treated with on-line HDF (36 +/- 5 UI/kg/week) during the 6 months before treatment by HDF with on-line endogenous reinfusion.	Bicarbonates	74-85	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	4-7
15750978-14	2004	In the last 6 months, we detected a reduction in EPO consumption, but not statistically significant, in the patients switched from bicarbonate dialysis to HDF with on-line endogenous reinfusion (83 +/- 6 UI/kg/week).	Bicarbonates	131-142	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	49-52
15750978-15	2004	CONCLUSIONS: The change from bicarbonate dialysis to HDF with on-line endogenous reinfusion caused a reduction in EPO supplementation and, consequently, a reduction in the cost of anemia therapy.	Bicarbonates	29-40	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	114-117
15514504-8	2004	In addition, bicarbonate ingestion diminished the amplitude of the slow component 29% (463 +/- 43 vs 649 +/- 53 mL x min(-1); P = 0.040).	Bicarbonates	13-24	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	117-123
15621550-8	2004	Cord blood cTnI level also had a negative correlation with pH, bicarbonate, base deficit, and Apgar score (r = -0.40, p &lt; 0.001; r = -0.39 p &lt; 0.001; r = -0.45 p &lt; 0.001; r = -0.41, p &lt; 0.001) respectively).	Bicarbonates	63-74	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	11-15
15340097-13	2004	A bicarbonate-containing medium is better than a lactate-containing medium for preserving cell viability in HPMCs and preventing bFGF expression by these cells.	Bicarbonates	2-13	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
15764372-6	2004	AE1 activity was assessed in both Cl-/NO3- exchange assays, which were independent of CA activity, and in Cl-/HCO3- exchange assays.	Bicarbonates	110-114	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
15518884-3	2004	Guanylin, uroguanylin, and microbial ST peptides activate a common apical membrane receptor-guanylate cyclase (R-GC) that elicits large increases in the intestinal secretion of chloride and bicarbonate via the intracellular second messenger, cGMP.	Bicarbonates	190-201	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
15604732-5	2004	Since their discovery, Ccp1/2 have been candidates for bicarbonate uptake proteins of the chloroplast envelope membrane.	Bicarbonates	55-66	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	23-29
15273250-1	2004	The Na+-HCO3- cotransporter NBC1 is located exclusively on the basolateral membrane and mediates vectorial transport of bicarbonate in a number of epithelia, including kidney and pancreas.	Bicarbonates	120-131	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
15172882-0	2004	Inhibition of bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat proximal tubule by activation of luminal P2Y1 receptors.	Bicarbonates	14-25	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
15172882-1	2004	The present study used a stationary microperfusion technique to investigate in vivo the effect of P2Y1 receptor activation on bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	126-137	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
15489165-2	2004	ACCO requires bicarbonate as an activator and catalyzes the oxidation of ACC to give ethylene, CO2, and HCN.	Bicarbonates	14-25	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
15286085-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is vital for Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) transport in many epithelia.	Bicarbonates	86-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
15286085-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is vital for Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) transport in many epithelia.	Bicarbonates	86-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
15286085-2	2004	As the HCO(3)(-) concentration in epithelial secretions varies and can reach as high as 140 mm, the lumen-facing domains of CFTR are exposed to large reciprocal variations in Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) levels.	Bicarbonates	7-13	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-128
15286085-2	2004	As the HCO(3)(-) concentration in epithelial secretions varies and can reach as high as 140 mm, the lumen-facing domains of CFTR are exposed to large reciprocal variations in Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) levels.	Bicarbonates	185-191	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-128
15355106-2	2004	In this study, photoreduction of C(+IV) as bicarbonate is used as a probe to investigate the photoelectrochemical properties of alabandite (MnS) colloidal particles.	Bicarbonates	43-54	glycophorin E (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	140-143
15308466-6	2004	8-Bromo-cAMP induced Cl(-)-independent HCO(3)(-) secretion (and also inhibited Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion), which was inhibited by NPPB and by glibenclamide, a CFTR blocker, but not by DIDS.	Bicarbonates	39-45	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
15384017-6	2004	RESULTS: The midweek predialysis serum bicarbonate level averaged 21.9 mEq/L (mmol/L) and correlated inversely with nPCR, serum albumin, and serum phosphorus values.	Bicarbonates	39-50	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	116-120
15384017-6	2004	RESULTS: The midweek predialysis serum bicarbonate level averaged 21.9 mEq/L (mmol/L) and correlated inversely with nPCR, serum albumin, and serum phosphorus values.	Bicarbonates	39-50	albumin	Homo sapiens	122-135
15480994-1	2004	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is associated with diminished duodenal HCO3- secretion, despite a reported lack of clinical duodenal ulceration in affected subjects.	Bicarbonates	128-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	42-81
15480994-1	2004	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is associated with diminished duodenal HCO3- secretion, despite a reported lack of clinical duodenal ulceration in affected subjects.	Bicarbonates	128-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	83-87
15308466-5	2004	Basal HCO(3)(-) secretion (5.6 +/- 0.03 microeq.h(-1).cm(-2)) was abolished by removal of either lumen Cl(-) or bath HCO(3)(-); this Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion was also inhibited by 100 microM DIDS (0.5 +/- 0.03 microeq.h(-1).cm(-2)) but not by 5-nitro-3-(3-phenylpropyl-amino)benzoic acid (NPPB), a Cl(-) channel blocker.	Bicarbonates	6-12	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	300-304
15308466-6	2004	8-Bromo-cAMP induced Cl(-)-independent HCO(3)(-) secretion (and also inhibited Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion), which was inhibited by NPPB and by glibenclamide, a CFTR blocker, but not by DIDS.	Bicarbonates	39-45	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
15327425-8	2004	AGEs accumulation was absent and RAGE expression was only modestly increased in low-GDP bicarbonate/lactate-buffered and amino acid-based PDF.	Bicarbonates	88-99	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
15316781-2	2004	We have suggested previously that NBCn1-mediated HCO(3)(-) uptake across the basolateral cell membrane is an important buffering mechanism during the transcellular transport of NH(4)(+) in the mTAL.	Bicarbonates	49-58	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
15064229-1	2004	The duodenum is abnormally acidic in cystic fibrosis (CF) due to decreased bicarbonate ion secretion that is dependent on the CF gene product CFTR.	Bicarbonates	75-86	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	142-146
15349117-0	2004	Protease-activated receptor-2 regulates bicarbonate secretion by pancreatic duct cells in vitro.	Bicarbonates	40-51	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Bos taurus	0-29
15349117-4	2004	We hypothesize that PAR-2 may regulate pancreatic bicarbonate secretion during times of inappropriate pancreatic enzyme activation.	Bicarbonates	50-61	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Bos taurus	20-25
15218065-2	2004	In the present study we determined the molecular mechanisms for the interaction between the two proteins and whether kNBC1 and CAII form a transport metabolon in vivo wherein bicarbonate is transferred from CAII directly to the cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	175-186	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
15218065-2	2004	In the present study we determined the molecular mechanisms for the interaction between the two proteins and whether kNBC1 and CAII form a transport metabolon in vivo wherein bicarbonate is transferred from CAII directly to the cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	175-186	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	127-131
15218065-2	2004	In the present study we determined the molecular mechanisms for the interaction between the two proteins and whether kNBC1 and CAII form a transport metabolon in vivo wherein bicarbonate is transferred from CAII directly to the cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	175-186	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	207-211
15283764-5	2004	SLC4A4 codes for an electrogenic Na(+), HCO(3) (-)-cotransporter (NBCe1), which is present in the basolateral membranes of proximal tubules and is responsible for the bicarbonate efflux here, and thus about 80% of the renal bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	167-178	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
15283764-5	2004	SLC4A4 codes for an electrogenic Na(+), HCO(3) (-)-cotransporter (NBCe1), which is present in the basolateral membranes of proximal tubules and is responsible for the bicarbonate efflux here, and thus about 80% of the renal bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	224-235	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
15283764-9	2004	This is also the case for the SLC4A8 and SLC4A10 gene products, which are sodium dependent Cl(-), HCO(3) (-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	98-104	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	30-36
15283764-9	2004	This is also the case for the SLC4A8 and SLC4A10 gene products, which are sodium dependent Cl(-), HCO(3) (-) exchangers.	Bicarbonates	98-104	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	41-48
15070814-1	2004	The sat-1 transporter mediates sulfate/bicarbonate/oxalate anion exchange in vivo at the basolateral membrane of the kidney proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	39-50	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
15064229-2	2004	In the CFTR null mouse, the acidic duodenum results in increased signaling from the intestine to the exocrine pancreas in an attempt to stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate ion secretion.	Bicarbonates	157-168	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	7-11
15249428-0	2004	Levetiracetam inhibits Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange of adult hippocampal CA3 neurons from guinea-pigs.	Bicarbonates	41-45	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	77-80
15284286-10	2004	On the basis of these results and previous functional studies indicating the activation of SLC26A7 activity by high osmolality, it is proposed that SLC26A7 may play an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption and or cell volume regulation in OMCD (specifically under hypertonic conditions).	Bicarbonates	186-197	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	148-155
15284286-1	2004	SLC26A7 is a recently identified Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger that co-localizes with AE1 on the basolateral membrane of Alpha intercalated cells (A-IC) in outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD).	Bicarbonates	39-45	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
15379418-6	2004	In addition, serum cTnI levels correlated negatively with blood pH (r = -0.57, p = 0.026) and HCO3- (r = -0.65, p = 0.008) in the patients with diabetic ketoacidosis on admission.	Bicarbonates	94-98	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	19-23
15257112-5	2004	RESULTS: This model predicts robust, NaK pump-dependent bicarbonate secretion with opening of the CFTR, generates and maintains pancreatic fluid secretion with bicarbonate concentrations &gt;140 mM, and returns to basal levels with CFTR closure.	Bicarbonates	160-171	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	98-102
15257112-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple, physiologically based mathematical model of pancreatic duct cell secretion using experimentally derived parameters that generates pancreatic fluid bicarbonate concentrations of &gt;140 mM after CFTR activation.	Bicarbonates	179-190	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	226-230
15257112-6	2004	Limiting CFTR permeability to bicarbonate, as seen in some CFTR mutations, markedly inhibited pancreatic bicarbonate and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	30-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
15257112-5	2004	RESULTS: This model predicts robust, NaK pump-dependent bicarbonate secretion with opening of the CFTR, generates and maintains pancreatic fluid secretion with bicarbonate concentrations &gt;140 mM, and returns to basal levels with CFTR closure.	Bicarbonates	56-67	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
15257112-5	2004	RESULTS: This model predicts robust, NaK pump-dependent bicarbonate secretion with opening of the CFTR, generates and maintains pancreatic fluid secretion with bicarbonate concentrations &gt;140 mM, and returns to basal levels with CFTR closure.	Bicarbonates	56-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	98-102
15257112-5	2004	RESULTS: This model predicts robust, NaK pump-dependent bicarbonate secretion with opening of the CFTR, generates and maintains pancreatic fluid secretion with bicarbonate concentrations &gt;140 mM, and returns to basal levels with CFTR closure.	Bicarbonates	56-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	232-236
15257112-5	2004	RESULTS: This model predicts robust, NaK pump-dependent bicarbonate secretion with opening of the CFTR, generates and maintains pancreatic fluid secretion with bicarbonate concentrations &gt;140 mM, and returns to basal levels with CFTR closure.	Bicarbonates	160-171	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
15257112-6	2004	Limiting CFTR permeability to bicarbonate, as seen in some CFTR mutations, markedly inhibited pancreatic bicarbonate and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	30-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
15257112-6	2004	Limiting CFTR permeability to bicarbonate, as seen in some CFTR mutations, markedly inhibited pancreatic bicarbonate and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	105-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
15257112-6	2004	Limiting CFTR permeability to bicarbonate, as seen in some CFTR mutations, markedly inhibited pancreatic bicarbonate and fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	105-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
15257112-7	2004	CONCLUSIONS: A simple CFTR-dependent duct cell model can explain active, high-volume, high-concentration bicarbonate secretion in pancreatic juice that reproduces the experimental findings.	Bicarbonates	105-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-26
15257112-8	2004	This model may also provide insight into why CFTR mutations that predominantly affect bicarbonate permeability predispose to pancreatic dysfunction in humans.	Bicarbonates	86-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
15194560-0	2004	Participation of prostaglandin E receptor EP4 subtype in duodenal bicarbonate secretion in rats.	Bicarbonates	66-77	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
15123620-2	2004	In gastric epithelia, AE2 is particularly abundant in parietal cells, where it may be the predominant mechanism for HCO3- efflux and Cl- influx across the basolateral membrane that is needed for acid secretion.	Bicarbonates	116-120	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	22-25
15184086-1	2004	AE2 (SLC4A2) is the member of the Na(+)-independent anion exchanger (AE) family putatively involved in the secretion of bicarbonate to bile.	Bicarbonates	120-131	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
15184086-8	2004	Hepatocytic apical targeting of AE2 isoforms suggests that they all may participate in the canalicular secretion of bicarbonate to bile.	Bicarbonates	116-127	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-35
15123612-4	2004	However, HCO(3)(-) induced a Trp-32-derived radical from WT hSOD1 but not from bSOD1.	Bicarbonates	9-15	thioredoxin like 1	Homo sapiens	29-35
15123612-4	2004	However, HCO(3)(-) induced a Trp-32-derived radical from WT hSOD1 but not from bSOD1.	Bicarbonates	9-15	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
15194560-3	2004	Secretion of HCO(3)(-) was dose-dependently stimulated by AE1-329 (EP4 agonist), the maximal response being equivalent to that induced by sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) or PGE(2).	Bicarbonates	13-19	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
15194560-3	2004	Secretion of HCO(3)(-) was dose-dependently stimulated by AE1-329 (EP4 agonist), the maximal response being equivalent to that induced by sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) or PGE(2).	Bicarbonates	13-19	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
15194560-3	2004	Secretion of HCO(3)(-) was dose-dependently stimulated by AE1-329 (EP4 agonist), the maximal response being equivalent to that induced by sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) or PGE(2).	Bicarbonates	13-19	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
15194560-9	2004	We conclude that EP4 receptors are involved in the duodenal HCO(3)(-) response induced by PGE(2) or acidification in addition to EP3 receptors.	Bicarbonates	60-66	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
15082025-7	2004	Ethanol also showed inhibitory effects on SIN-1-induced DNA strand breakage in the presence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	95-106	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
15197104-0	2004	Topiramate modulates pH of hippocampal CA3 neurons by combined effects on carbonic anhydrase and Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	101-105	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	39-42
15177509-10	2004	Amylin decreases the aggressive factors like acid-pepsin secretion, increases mast cell stability and increases protective mechanisms like bicarbonate gastric secretion, dilates blood vessels, and it increases lymphatic mesenteric activity.	Bicarbonates	139-150	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
14736710-1	2004	Human NBC3 is an electroneutral Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney in which it plays an important role in HCO(3)(-) metabolism.	Bicarbonates	38-44	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	6-10
14736710-2	2004	Cytosolic enzyme carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) catalyzes the reaction CO(2) + H(2)O left arrow over right arrow HCO(3)(-) + H(+) in many tissues.	Bicarbonates	111-120	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	17-38
14749257-11	2004	The regulation following NH(4)Cl loading of AE2b in the cTAL suggests a role for AE2 in transepithelial bicarbonate reabsorption in this segment.	Bicarbonates	104-115	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
14736710-2	2004	Cytosolic enzyme carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) catalyzes the reaction CO(2) + H(2)O left arrow over right arrow HCO(3)(-) + H(+) in many tissues.	Bicarbonates	111-120	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
14736710-10	2004	These results demonstrate that NBC3 and CAII interact to maximize the HCO(3)(-) transport rate.	Bicarbonates	70-76	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	31-35
14736710-10	2004	These results demonstrate that NBC3 and CAII interact to maximize the HCO(3)(-) transport rate.	Bicarbonates	70-76	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15135171-2	2004	Bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) enhances the covalent aggregation of hSOD1 mediated by the SOD1 peroxidase-dependent formation of carbonate radical anion (CO3*-), a potent and selective oxidant.	Bicarbonates	0-17	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
14970001-10	2004	It is concluded that WKY cells respond to D(1)-like dopamine receptor stimulation with inhibition of the apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) (SLC26A6) exchanger and SHR cells have a defective D(1)-like dopamine response.	Bicarbonates	118-124	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	129-136
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	229-240	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	229-240	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-88
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	229-240	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	229-240	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	334-345	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	334-345	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-88
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	334-345	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	334-345	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
15135181-2	2004	Since the concentration of CO2 would fall with rising pH in HCO3- buffers, it was of interest to explore the effects of pH on the peroxidase activity of SOD1 in the presence and in the absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	196-200	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
15135171-2	2004	Bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) enhances the covalent aggregation of hSOD1 mediated by the SOD1 peroxidase-dependent formation of carbonate radical anion (CO3*-), a potent and selective oxidant.	Bicarbonates	0-17	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
15135171-2	2004	Bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) enhances the covalent aggregation of hSOD1 mediated by the SOD1 peroxidase-dependent formation of carbonate radical anion (CO3*-), a potent and selective oxidant.	Bicarbonates	19-24	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
15135171-2	2004	Bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) enhances the covalent aggregation of hSOD1 mediated by the SOD1 peroxidase-dependent formation of carbonate radical anion (CO3*-), a potent and selective oxidant.	Bicarbonates	19-24	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
15135181-1	2004	At pH 7.4, CO2, rather than HCO3-, markedly enhances the oxidation of diverse substrates by SOD1 plus H2O2.	Bicarbonates	28-32	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
15135181-2	2004	Since the concentration of CO2 would fall with rising pH in HCO3- buffers, it was of interest to explore the effects of pH on the peroxidase activity of SOD1 in the presence and in the absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	60-64	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
15044489-1	2004	AE1 facilitates Cl-/HCO3- exchange across the erythrocyte membrane.	Bicarbonates	20-24	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
15499994-6	2004	Functional and physical interactions also occur between CAII and Na+/HCO3(-) co-transporter isoforms NBC1 and NBC3.	Bicarbonates	69-73	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
15499994-6	2004	Functional and physical interactions also occur between CAII and Na+/HCO3(-) co-transporter isoforms NBC1 and NBC3.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	101-105
15499994-6	2004	Functional and physical interactions also occur between CAII and Na+/HCO3(-) co-transporter isoforms NBC1 and NBC3.	Bicarbonates	69-73	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	110-114
15499994-7	2004	All examined bicarbonate transport proteins, except the DRA (SLC26A3) Cl-/HCO3(-) exchange protein, have a consensus CAII binding site in their cytoplasmic C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	13-24	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	56-59
15499994-7	2004	All examined bicarbonate transport proteins, except the DRA (SLC26A3) Cl-/HCO3(-) exchange protein, have a consensus CAII binding site in their cytoplasmic C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	13-24	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	61-68
15499994-7	2004	All examined bicarbonate transport proteins, except the DRA (SLC26A3) Cl-/HCO3(-) exchange protein, have a consensus CAII binding site in their cytoplasmic C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	13-24	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
15499994-7	2004	All examined bicarbonate transport proteins, except the DRA (SLC26A3) Cl-/HCO3(-) exchange protein, have a consensus CAII binding site in their cytoplasmic C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	74-78	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	56-59
15499994-7	2004	All examined bicarbonate transport proteins, except the DRA (SLC26A3) Cl-/HCO3(-) exchange protein, have a consensus CAII binding site in their cytoplasmic C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	74-78	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
15499994-11	2004	In summary, bicarbonate transporters directly interact with the CAII and CAIV carbonic anhydrases to increase the transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	12-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
15499994-11	2004	In summary, bicarbonate transporters directly interact with the CAII and CAIV carbonic anhydrases to increase the transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	12-23	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
15500003-2	2004	CA IX is a tumor-associated transmembrane antigen, which catalyzes the extracellular, reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and proton and thereby contributes to acidification of extracellular milieu.	Bicarbonates	128-139	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
15499994-2	2004	Physical interactions have been identified between the carbonic anhydrase isoform, CAII, and the erythrocyte membrane Cl- /HCO3(-) anion exchanger, AE1, mediated by an acidic motif in the AE1 C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	123-127	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
15499994-2	2004	Physical interactions have been identified between the carbonic anhydrase isoform, CAII, and the erythrocyte membrane Cl- /HCO3(-) anion exchanger, AE1, mediated by an acidic motif in the AE1 C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	123-127	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	148-151
15499994-2	2004	Physical interactions have been identified between the carbonic anhydrase isoform, CAII, and the erythrocyte membrane Cl- /HCO3(-) anion exchanger, AE1, mediated by an acidic motif in the AE1 C-terminus.	Bicarbonates	123-127	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	188-191
15499994-3	2004	We have found that the presence of CAII attached to AE1 accelerates AE1 HCO3(-) transport activity, as AE1 moves bicarbonate either into or out of the cell.	Bicarbonates	113-124	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
15499994-3	2004	We have found that the presence of CAII attached to AE1 accelerates AE1 HCO3(-) transport activity, as AE1 moves bicarbonate either into or out of the cell.	Bicarbonates	113-124	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	52-55
15499994-3	2004	We have found that the presence of CAII attached to AE1 accelerates AE1 HCO3(-) transport activity, as AE1 moves bicarbonate either into or out of the cell.	Bicarbonates	113-124	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	68-71
15499994-3	2004	We have found that the presence of CAII attached to AE1 accelerates AE1 HCO3(-) transport activity, as AE1 moves bicarbonate either into or out of the cell.	Bicarbonates	113-124	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	68-71
15499994-4	2004	In efflux mode the presence of CAII attached to AE1 will increase the local concentration of bicarbonate at the AE1 transport site.	Bicarbonates	93-104	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
15499994-4	2004	In efflux mode the presence of CAII attached to AE1 will increase the local concentration of bicarbonate at the AE1 transport site.	Bicarbonates	93-104	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-51
15499994-4	2004	In efflux mode the presence of CAII attached to AE1 will increase the local concentration of bicarbonate at the AE1 transport site.	Bicarbonates	93-104	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	112-115
15499994-5	2004	As bicarbonate is transported into the cell by AE1, the presence of CAII on the cytosolic surface accelerates transport by consumption of bicarbonate, thereby maximizing the transmembrane bicarbonate concentration gradient experienced by the AE1 molecule.	Bicarbonates	3-14	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
15499994-5	2004	As bicarbonate is transported into the cell by AE1, the presence of CAII on the cytosolic surface accelerates transport by consumption of bicarbonate, thereby maximizing the transmembrane bicarbonate concentration gradient experienced by the AE1 molecule.	Bicarbonates	3-14	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
15499994-5	2004	As bicarbonate is transported into the cell by AE1, the presence of CAII on the cytosolic surface accelerates transport by consumption of bicarbonate, thereby maximizing the transmembrane bicarbonate concentration gradient experienced by the AE1 molecule.	Bicarbonates	3-14	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	242-245
15499994-5	2004	As bicarbonate is transported into the cell by AE1, the presence of CAII on the cytosolic surface accelerates transport by consumption of bicarbonate, thereby maximizing the transmembrane bicarbonate concentration gradient experienced by the AE1 molecule.	Bicarbonates	138-149	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
15499994-5	2004	As bicarbonate is transported into the cell by AE1, the presence of CAII on the cytosolic surface accelerates transport by consumption of bicarbonate, thereby maximizing the transmembrane bicarbonate concentration gradient experienced by the AE1 molecule.	Bicarbonates	138-149	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
15499994-5	2004	As bicarbonate is transported into the cell by AE1, the presence of CAII on the cytosolic surface accelerates transport by consumption of bicarbonate, thereby maximizing the transmembrane bicarbonate concentration gradient experienced by the AE1 molecule.	Bicarbonates	138-149	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
15499994-5	2004	As bicarbonate is transported into the cell by AE1, the presence of CAII on the cytosolic surface accelerates transport by consumption of bicarbonate, thereby maximizing the transmembrane bicarbonate concentration gradient experienced by the AE1 molecule.	Bicarbonates	138-149	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
15044489-3	2004	These mutants spanning the C-terminal portion of the AE1 membrane domain from Phe806-Cys885 were characterized for functional activity when expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells by measurement of changes of intracellular pH associated with bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	248-259	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	53-56
15010471-0	2004	Dynamic control of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl(-)/HCO3(-) selectivity by external Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	77-81	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	19-70
15010471-1	2004	HCO(3)(-) secretion is a vital activity in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelia.	Bicarbonates	0-6	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	43-94
15010471-1	2004	HCO(3)(-) secretion is a vital activity in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelia.	Bicarbonates	0-6	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	96-100
15366422-1	2004	The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC1) mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	11-22	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
14711787-0	2004	Bicarbonate is required for migration of sperm epididymal protein DE (CRISP-1) to the equatorial segment and expression of rat sperm fusion ability.	Bicarbonates	0-11	cysteine-rich secretory protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	70-77
15110946-7	2004	The aqua Co(II) complex must be the reactive catalytic species in the catalyzed dehydration reaction and the rate-determining step is the substitution of the labile water molecule by HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	183-187	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	9-15
15212143-9	2004	Administration of a Cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist (loxiglumide) after TBD reduced the flow volume and bicarbonate output to the control levels, and the protein output to less than a half of the control level.	Bicarbonates	110-121	cholecystokinin A receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	20-46
15106956-5	2004	2003, 42, 508-515), kinetic evidence for inhibitor effects of specific ligands on the catalyzed dehydration of HCO3- by copper(II) complexes of the type [Tp(Ph)]CuX (X- = OH-, N3-, and NCS-) was reported.	Bicarbonates	111-115	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	161-164
14715523-2	2004	However, the role of PKC in duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion is less clear.	Bicarbonates	45-56	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	21-24
14715523-3	2004	We aimed to investigate the role of PKC in regulation of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	74-85	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	36-39
14715523-13	2004	These results demonstrate that activation of PKC potentiates cAMP-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion, whereas it does not modify basal secretion.	Bicarbonates	86-97	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	45-48
14715523-14	2004	The effect of PKC on cAMP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion is mediated by the PKCepsilon isoform.	Bicarbonates	37-48	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	14-17
15121095-1	2004	The red cell anion exchanger (band 3; AE1) is a multispanning membrane protein that traverses the bilayer up to 14 times and mediates the stilbene-disulfonate-sensitive, electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	210-221	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-41
15121095-3	2004	Here we demonstrate that the chloride uptake mediated by assemblies separated at EC3 represents the physiological electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) activity associated with intact AE1 protein.	Bicarbonates	135-141	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	177-180
15503807-5	2004	The localisation of V-H+ -ATPase and CAII in the secretory coil clear cells suggests that the formation of HCO3- and H+ by carbonic anhydrase II and the transport of H+ by V-H+ -ATPase may play an role in sweat fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	107-111	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
15503807-5	2004	The localisation of V-H+ -ATPase and CAII in the secretory coil clear cells suggests that the formation of HCO3- and H+ by carbonic anhydrase II and the transport of H+ by V-H+ -ATPase may play an role in sweat fluid secretion.	Bicarbonates	107-111	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	123-144
15097861-3	2004	As bicarbonate is a buffer ion, the accurate measurement of intracellular pH (pHi) in duct cells is an important technique for studying the mechanisms of bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	78-81
15097861-3	2004	As bicarbonate is a buffer ion, the accurate measurement of intracellular pH (pHi) in duct cells is an important technique for studying the mechanisms of bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	154-165	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	78-81
14960587-3	2004	The biotin carboxylase component, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin using bicarbonate as the carboxylate source, has a homologous functionally identical subunit in the mammalian biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	98-109	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	4-22
15586530-5	2004	A dextrose-insulin-bicarbonate infusion was required to correct the hyperkalemia.	Bicarbonates	19-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
15117409-2	2004	HCO3- activates sAC in bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs), increasing [cAMP] and stimulating PKA, leading to phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR) and increased apical Cl- permeability.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	138-189
15117409-2	2004	HCO3- activates sAC in bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs), increasing [cAMP] and stimulating PKA, leading to phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR) and increased apical Cl- permeability.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	191-195
15070393-2	2004	CAII, through the Zn(2+)-bound hydroxide, catalyzes the deceptively simple reaction: CO(2) + H(2)O &lt;==&gt; HCO(3)(-) + H(+).	Bicarbonates	110-116	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
14978209-2	2004	The aim was to compare the HCO(3)(-) requirement for secretin-evoked secretion in mouse, rat and guinea-pig pancreas.	Bicarbonates	27-33	secretin	Mus musculus	53-61
14978209-8	2004	We conclude that the driving force for secretin-evoked fluid secretion by mouse and rat ducts is provided by parallel basolateral mechanisms: Na(+)-H(+) exchange and Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransport mediating HCO(3)(-) uptake, and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransport mediating Cl(-) uptake.	Bicarbonates	172-178	secretin	Mus musculus	39-47
14978209-8	2004	We conclude that the driving force for secretin-evoked fluid secretion by mouse and rat ducts is provided by parallel basolateral mechanisms: Na(+)-H(+) exchange and Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransport mediating HCO(3)(-) uptake, and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransport mediating Cl(-) uptake.	Bicarbonates	172-181	secretin	Mus musculus	39-47
14640982-1	2004	AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a glycoprotein found in the plasma membrane of erythrocytes, where it mediates the electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate, a process important in CO2 removal from tissues.	Bicarbonates	150-161	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
15153438-3	2004	This is most likely caused by a PDCD4-induced downregulation of carbonic anhydrase type II which catalyzes the production of bicarbonate, a fundamental substrate for many cellular pathways.	Bicarbonates	125-136	programmed cell death 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
14660706-4	2004	Liquid secretion is driven by the active transepithelial secretion of both Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) and at least a portion of this process is mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is highly expressed in glands.	Bicarbonates	85-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	153-204
15010840-0	2004	Induction by hypoxia combined with low glucose or low bicarbonate and high posttranslational stability upon reoxygenation contribute to carbonic anhydrase IX expression in cancer cells.	Bicarbonates	54-65	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	136-157
15010840-5	2004	We found that both hypoxia-induced transcription and CA IX protein level are further increased by reduced glucose or bicarbonate concentrations.	Bicarbonates	117-128	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	53-58
15048129-2	2004	Many SLC26 transporters (SLC26T) are expressed in the luminal membrane together with CFTR, which activates electrogenic chloride-bicarbonate exchange by SLC26T.	Bicarbonates	129-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
14640982-1	2004	AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a glycoprotein found in the plasma membrane of erythrocytes, where it mediates the electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate, a process important in CO2 removal from tissues.	Bicarbonates	150-161	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	5-22
15007064-4	2004	K8-null distal colon has normal tight junction permeability and paracellular transport but shows decreased short circuit current and net Na absorption associated with net Cl secretion, blunted intracellular Cl/HCO3-dependent pH regulation, hyperproliferation and enlarged goblet cells, partial loss of the membrane-proximal markers H,K-ATPase-beta and F-actin, increased and redistributed basolateral anion exchanger AE1/2 protein, and redistributed Na-transporter ENaC-gamma.	Bicarbonates	210-214	keratin 8	Mus musculus	0-2
14592810-9	2004	Hence, we propose that the SLC4A10 gene product and NBCn1 both function as basolateral HCO3- entry pathways and that the SLC4A10 gene product may be responsible for the stilbene-sensitive Na+-HCO3- uptake that is essential for cerebrospinal fluid production.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Rattus norvegicus	27-34
14592810-9	2004	Hence, we propose that the SLC4A10 gene product and NBCn1 both function as basolateral HCO3- entry pathways and that the SLC4A10 gene product may be responsible for the stilbene-sensitive Na+-HCO3- uptake that is essential for cerebrospinal fluid production.	Bicarbonates	87-91	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
14640973-0	2004	Bicarbonate enhances alpha-synuclein oligomerization and nitration: intermediacy of carbonate radical anion and nitrogen dioxide radical.	Bicarbonates	0-11	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	21-36
14769862-1	2004	Bicarbonate-responsive "soluble" adenylyl cyclase resides, in part, inside the mammalian cell nucleus where it stimulates the activity of nuclear protein kinase A to phosphorylate the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB).	Bicarbonates	0-11	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	184-221
15123546-10	2004	The HCO3- dependent RVD requires the normal expression of KCNE1.	Bicarbonates	4-8	potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	58-63
14963713-5	2004	These results represent the first demonstration of anion exchanger expression in the chick CAM, and they suggest a role for basolateral AE1 in bicarbonate reabsorption that is required in the embryo for maintaining acid-base balance during development.	Bicarbonates	143-154	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Gallus gallus	136-139
15057604-10	2004	Moreover, the immunolocalization of protein 4.1B was almost the same as that of NBC-1, indicating a possible function as a regulator of ion balance, such as Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	167-173	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
14769862-1	2004	Bicarbonate-responsive "soluble" adenylyl cyclase resides, in part, inside the mammalian cell nucleus where it stimulates the activity of nuclear protein kinase A to phosphorylate the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB).	Bicarbonates	0-11	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	223-227
15328921-9	2004	A function in HCO3- transport during sperm capacitation at fertilization is suggested for the CA IV found in spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	14-18	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	94-99
14733916-10	2004	The data indicate that the two NH(2)-terminal NBC1 variants are co-expressed in kidney and pancreas, where they may contribute to HCO(3)(-) transport and pH regulation.	Bicarbonates	130-136	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
14736638-6	2004	pH, PCO2, BE, and HCO3 were all significantly correlated in ABG, VBG, and CBG.	Bicarbonates	18-22	glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	74-77
14736638-10	2004	CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant correlation in pH, PCO2, PO2, BE, and HCO3 among ABG, VBG, and CBG values, except for a poor correlation in PO2 in the presence of hypotension.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	99-102
14610244-10	2004	These results suggest that fluoranthene switches from cAMP-dependent HCO(3)(-) secretion to Cl(-) secretion through the hIK-1 channel, whose sensitivity to protein kinase A may be up-regulated by the sustained [Ca(2+)](i) elevation produced by this chemical.	Bicarbonates	69-75	IKAROS family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
14673192-0	2004	Basolateral Na+-dependent HCO3- transporter NBCn1-mediated HCO3- influx in rat medullary thick ascending limb.	Bicarbonates	26-30	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
14673192-16	2004	We suggest that NBCn1-mediated basolateral HCO3- influx is important for basolateral NH3 exit and thus NH4+ excretion by means of setting pHi to a more alkaline value.	Bicarbonates	43-47	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
14525727-3	2004	Previous studies from our group have demonstrated that the HCO(3)(-)/SCFA(-) anion exchange process is one of the major mechanisms of butyrate transport across the purified human colonic apical membrane vesicles and the apical membrane of human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 and have suggested that it is mainly mediated via monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) isoform.	Bicarbonates	59-65	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	335-364
14525727-3	2004	Previous studies from our group have demonstrated that the HCO(3)(-)/SCFA(-) anion exchange process is one of the major mechanisms of butyrate transport across the purified human colonic apical membrane vesicles and the apical membrane of human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 and have suggested that it is mainly mediated via monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) isoform.	Bicarbonates	59-65	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	366-371
14603531-4	2004	HRT-18 and Caco-2 cells cultured in medium with bicarbonate maintained a pHi of approximately 7.6, which is higher than that of non-neoplastic cells.	Bicarbonates	48-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	73-76
14603531-5	2004	Cells grown in bicarbonate-free medium with a pH at 6.8 showed a reduction in pHi to approximately 7.0.	Bicarbonates	15-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	46-48
14603531-5	2004	Cells grown in bicarbonate-free medium with a pH at 6.8 showed a reduction in pHi to approximately 7.0.	Bicarbonates	15-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	78-81
14603531-7	2004	When cells were grown in bicarbonate-supplemented medium at pH 6.8, pHi maintained at approximately 7.6 and COX-2 expression was not inhibited.	Bicarbonates	25-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	60-62
14603531-7	2004	When cells were grown in bicarbonate-supplemented medium at pH 6.8, pHi maintained at approximately 7.6 and COX-2 expression was not inhibited.	Bicarbonates	25-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	68-71
14603531-7	2004	When cells were grown in bicarbonate-supplemented medium at pH 6.8, pHi maintained at approximately 7.6 and COX-2 expression was not inhibited.	Bicarbonates	25-36	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	108-113
14610227-3	2004	OATP-B-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate was independent of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, or glutathione, whereas the proton ionophore carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone exhibited a pH-dependent inhibitory effect, suggesting that a proton gradient is a driving force for OATP-B.	Bicarbonates	81-92	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	0-6
14645499-1	2004	The human secretin receptor (hSR) is an important glycoprotein receptor for regulating the secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate, water, and electrolytes.	Bicarbonates	115-126	secretin receptor	Homo sapiens	10-27
14645499-1	2004	The human secretin receptor (hSR) is an important glycoprotein receptor for regulating the secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate, water, and electrolytes.	Bicarbonates	115-126	HSR	Homo sapiens	29-32
15658882-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a "chloride channel" but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	243-254	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-43
14722772-6	2004	At least NDCBE transports Cl(-) in addition to Na(+) and HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	57-63	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	9-14
14717588-0	2004	Albumin oxidation to diverse radicals by the peroxidase activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in the presence of bicarbonate or nitrite: diffusible radicals produce cysteinyl and solvent-exposed and -unexposed tyrosyl radicals.	Bicarbonates	114-125	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	68-94
14717588-2	2004	The mechanism by which Cu,Zn-SOD/hydrogen peroxide/bicarbonate is able to oxidize substrates has been proposed to be dependent on an oxidant whose nature, diffusible carbonate radical anion or enzyme-bound peroxycarbonate, remains debatable.	Bicarbonates	51-62	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	23-32
14717588-9	2004	Overall, the results prove the diffusible and radical nature of the oxidants produced during the peroxidase activity of Cu,Zn-SOD in the presence of bicarbonate or nitrite.	Bicarbonates	149-160	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	120-129
12881226-0	2004	A role for guanylate cyclase C in acid-stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	67-78	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	11-30
12881226-3	2004	Previous studies in the rat and human duodenum have shown that guanylin and Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin, both ligands of the transmembrane guanylyl cyclase receptor [guanylate cyclase C (GC-C)], are potent stimulators for duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	238-242	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	63-71
12881226-3	2004	Previous studies in the rat and human duodenum have shown that guanylin and Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin, both ligands of the transmembrane guanylyl cyclase receptor [guanylate cyclase C (GC-C)], are potent stimulators for duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	238-242	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	173-192
12881226-4	2004	We postulated that the GC-C receptor plays an important role in acid-stimulated HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	80-84	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	23-27
12881226-5	2004	In vivo perfusion studies performed in wild-type (WT) and GC-C knockout (KO) mice indicated that acid-stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion was significantly decreased in the GC-C KO animals compared with the WT counterparts.	Bicarbonates	122-126	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	173-177
12881226-6	2004	Pretreatment with PD-98059, an MEK inhibitor, resulted in attenuation of duodenal HCO3- secretion in response to acid stimulation in the WT mice with no further effect in the KO mice.	Bicarbonates	82-86	midkine	Mus musculus	31-34
12881226-9	2004	On the basis of these studies, we conclude that transmembrane GC-C is a key mediator of acid-stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	113-117	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	62-66
12881226-10	2004	Furthermore, ERK phosphorylation may be an important intracellular mediator of duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	88-92	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	13-16
12881227-0	2004	NHE3 inhibition activates duodenal bicarbonate secretion in the rat.	Bicarbonates	35-46	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16113406-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a channel/enzyme which mediates passive diffusion of chloride and bicarbonate through epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	132-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
16113406-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a channel/enzyme which mediates passive diffusion of chloride and bicarbonate through epithelial cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	132-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
12965893-9	2004	We propose that SLC26A7 is a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in intercalated cells of the OMCD and may play an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption in medullary collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	129-140	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	16-23
15308871-1	2004	BACKGROUND/AIM: We investigated the role of prostacyclin (PGI2) IP receptors in the acid-induced secretion of HCO3- using IP receptor knockout [IP (-/-)] mice, in comparison with capsaicin-induced secretion.	Bicarbonates	110-114	prostaglandin I receptor (IP)	Mus musculus	58-62
14643175-3	2004	The addition of Interleukin-1alpha to the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium increases sharply the production of eicosanoids.	Bicarbonates	55-66	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	16-34
15658882-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a "chloride channel" but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	243-254	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
14668433-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent airway epithelial bicarbonate transport is hypothesized to participate in airway surface liquid pH regulation and contribute to lung defense.	Bicarbonates	92-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-56
14729154-9	2003	Assuming that the branchial NBC1 is localised to basolateral membranes of gill cells and operates in the influx mode (HCO(3)(-) and Na(+) entry into the cell), it would appear that in trout, the expression of branchial NBC1 is transcriptionally regulated to match the requirements of gill pHi regulation rather than to match trans-epithelial HCO(3)(-) efflux requirements for systemic acid-base balance.	Bicarbonates	118-124	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
14729154-9	2003	Assuming that the branchial NBC1 is localised to basolateral membranes of gill cells and operates in the influx mode (HCO(3)(-) and Na(+) entry into the cell), it would appear that in trout, the expression of branchial NBC1 is transcriptionally regulated to match the requirements of gill pHi regulation rather than to match trans-epithelial HCO(3)(-) efflux requirements for systemic acid-base balance.	Bicarbonates	342-348	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
14729154-9	2003	Assuming that the branchial NBC1 is localised to basolateral membranes of gill cells and operates in the influx mode (HCO(3)(-) and Na(+) entry into the cell), it would appear that in trout, the expression of branchial NBC1 is transcriptionally regulated to match the requirements of gill pHi regulation rather than to match trans-epithelial HCO(3)(-) efflux requirements for systemic acid-base balance.	Bicarbonates	342-348	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	219-223
14729154-10	2003	By analogy with mammalian systems, NBC1 in the kidney probably plays a role in the tubular reabsorption of both Na(+) and HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	122-128	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
14729154-11	2003	During periods of respiratory acidosis, levels of renal NBC1 mRNA increased (after a transient reduction) in both trout and eel, presumably to increase HCO(3)(-) reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	152-158	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
14673081-9	2003	Our findings reveal an essential role of Ae2 in mouse spermiogenesis and stress the recently postulated involvement of bicarbonate in germ-cell differentiation through the bicarbonate-sensitive soluble-adenylyl-cyclase pathway.	Bicarbonates	172-183	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	41-44
14668433-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent airway epithelial bicarbonate transport is hypothesized to participate in airway surface liquid pH regulation and contribute to lung defense.	Bicarbonates	92-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
14668433-6	2003	We also detected the following evidence for a CFTR-dependent HCO3- secretory pathway that was defective in CF: (i).	Bicarbonates	61-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
14668433-10	2003	We conclude that cultured human CF bronchial epithelial pHASL is abnormally regulated under basal conditions because of absent CFTR-dependent HCO3- secretion and that this defect can lead to an impaired capacity to respond to airway conditions associated with acidification of ASL.	Bicarbonates	142-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	127-131
14657352-3	2003	CatSper1 is not needed for other developmental landmarks, including regional distributions of CaV1.2, CaV2.2, and CaV2.3 ion channel proteins, the cAMP-mediated activation of motility by HCO3-, and the protein phosphorylation cascade of sperm capacitation.	Bicarbonates	187-191	cation channel, sperm associated 1	Mus musculus	0-8
12842815-3	2003	We have shown that the bicarbonate (HCO3-)-chloride anion exchange protein (AE2) expressed in the lung also exchanges O2-* for HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	23-34	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
12791678-6	2003	The role of AE2 in iron uptake was indicated by three lines of evidence: (i) lack of both iron reduction and iron transport in bicarbonate-free buffer at controlled pH, (ii) failure of HBE cells treated with stilbene AE inhibitors to reduce Fe3+ or transport iron, and (iii) inhibition of iron uptake in HBE cells by inhibition of AE2 protein expression with antisense oligonucleotides.	Bicarbonates	127-138	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-15
12842815-3	2003	We have shown that the bicarbonate (HCO3-)-chloride anion exchange protein (AE2) expressed in the lung also exchanges O2-* for HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	36-40	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
12791678-7	2003	We thus disclose a novel ferri-reductase mechanism of NTBI uptake by human lung cells that employs superoxide exchange for HCO3- by AE2 protein in the plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	123-127	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	132-135
12893630-8	2003	These data show that AE4 is an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in gastric mucous cells and duodenal villus cells.	Bicarbonates	42-46	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9	Mus musculus	21-24
14677863-5	2003	Increasing dEB increased blood pH (linear and quadratic effects, P &lt; 0.001), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (linear effect, P &lt; 0.001), HCO3- concentration (linear and quadratic effects, P &lt; 0.001), and blood base excess (linear and quadratic effects, P &lt; 0.001).	Bicarbonates	146-150	DebC	Drosophila melanogaster	11-14
14656289-2	2003	Here we identify two novel variants of the sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger (NCBE) from brain.	Bicarbonates	66-77	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
12933803-4	2003	The distal renal tubular acidosis-associated AE1 901X mutant exhibited both Cl-/Cl- and Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	45-48
15075446-5	2003	CFTR, the cAMP-regulated anion channel mutated in the disease cystic fibrosis, plays an essential role in duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	115-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
15075446-6	2003	Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that cellular bicarbonate loading is an important means of preserving epithelial pHi during luminal acid challenge.	Bicarbonates	58-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
14654610-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: The anion exchanger gene (AE1) or band 3 encodes a chloride-bicarbonate (Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)) exchanger expressed in the erythrocyte and in the renal alpha-intercalated cells involved in urine acidification.	Bicarbonates	71-82	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	37-40
14654610-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: The anion exchanger gene (AE1) or band 3 encodes a chloride-bicarbonate (Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)) exchanger expressed in the erythrocyte and in the renal alpha-intercalated cells involved in urine acidification.	Bicarbonates	90-96	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	37-40
12933803-0	2003	Deficient HCO3- transport in an AE1 mutant with normal Cl- transport can be rescued by carbonic anhydrase II presented on an adjacent AE1 protomer.	Bicarbonates	10-14	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	32-35
12933803-0	2003	Deficient HCO3- transport in an AE1 mutant with normal Cl- transport can be rescued by carbonic anhydrase II presented on an adjacent AE1 protomer.	Bicarbonates	10-14	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	87-108
12933803-0	2003	Deficient HCO3- transport in an AE1 mutant with normal Cl- transport can be rescued by carbonic anhydrase II presented on an adjacent AE1 protomer.	Bicarbonates	10-14	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	134-137
12933803-1	2003	Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger is reduced by carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) inhibition or by prevention of CA2 binding to the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail.	Bicarbonates	4-8	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	44-47
12933803-1	2003	Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger is reduced by carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) inhibition or by prevention of CA2 binding to the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail.	Bicarbonates	4-8	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	78-99
12933803-1	2003	Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger is reduced by carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) inhibition or by prevention of CA2 binding to the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail.	Bicarbonates	4-8	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	101-104
14576196-5	2003	In this study, we present evidence that cancellation of AE3 isoforms activity (either by superfusion with bicarbonate-free buffer or with anti-AE3Loop III) results in pHi increase after stretch and the magnitude of the SFR was larger than when AE was operative, despite of similar increases in [Na+]i and Ca2+T under both conditions.	Bicarbonates	106-117	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	56-59
12933803-5	2003	In contrast, AE1 896X, 891X, and AE1 missense mutants in the CA2 binding site were inactive as Cl-/HCO3- exchangers despite exhibiting normal Cl-/Cl- exchange activities.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	13-16
12933803-1	2003	Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger is reduced by carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) inhibition or by prevention of CA2 binding to the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail.	Bicarbonates	4-8	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	137-140
12933803-1	2003	Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger is reduced by carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) inhibition or by prevention of CA2 binding to the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail.	Bicarbonates	4-8	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	156-159
12933803-5	2003	In contrast, AE1 896X, 891X, and AE1 missense mutants in the CA2 binding site were inactive as Cl-/HCO3- exchangers despite exhibiting normal Cl-/Cl- exchange activities.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	33-36
12933803-2	2003	This type of AE1 inhibition is thought to represent reduced metabolic channeling of HCO3- to the intracellular HCO3- binding site of AE1.	Bicarbonates	84-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	13-16
12933803-5	2003	In contrast, AE1 896X, 891X, and AE1 missense mutants in the CA2 binding site were inactive as Cl-/HCO3- exchangers despite exhibiting normal Cl-/Cl- exchange activities.	Bicarbonates	99-103	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	61-64
12933803-2	2003	This type of AE1 inhibition is thought to represent reduced metabolic channeling of HCO3- to the intracellular HCO3- binding site of AE1.	Bicarbonates	84-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	133-136
12933803-2	2003	This type of AE1 inhibition is thought to represent reduced metabolic channeling of HCO3- to the intracellular HCO3- binding site of AE1.	Bicarbonates	111-115	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	13-16
12933803-6	2003	Co-expression of CA2 enhanced wild-type AE1-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange, but not Cl-/Cl- exchange.	Bicarbonates	57-61	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	17-20
12933803-2	2003	This type of AE1 inhibition is thought to represent reduced metabolic channeling of HCO3- to the intracellular HCO3- binding site of AE1.	Bicarbonates	111-115	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	133-136
12933803-6	2003	Co-expression of CA2 enhanced wild-type AE1-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange, but not Cl-/Cl- exchange.	Bicarbonates	57-61	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	40-43
12933803-8	2003	However, co-expression of transport-incompetent AE1 mutants with intact CA2 binding sites completely rescued Cl-/HCO3- exchange by an AE1 missense mutant devoid of CA2 binding, with activity further enhanced by CA2 co-expression.	Bicarbonates	113-117	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	48-51
12933803-8	2003	However, co-expression of transport-incompetent AE1 mutants with intact CA2 binding sites completely rescued Cl-/HCO3- exchange by an AE1 missense mutant devoid of CA2 binding, with activity further enhanced by CA2 co-expression.	Bicarbonates	113-117	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	72-75
12933803-8	2003	However, co-expression of transport-incompetent AE1 mutants with intact CA2 binding sites completely rescued Cl-/HCO3- exchange by an AE1 missense mutant devoid of CA2 binding, with activity further enhanced by CA2 co-expression.	Bicarbonates	113-117	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	134-137
14575719-7	2003	Since liver AE2 is putatively involved in the biliary secretion of bicarbonate, HNF1alpha may have a role in increasing bicarbonate secretion in response to certain stimuli.	Bicarbonates	67-78	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-15
12933803-8	2003	However, co-expression of transport-incompetent AE1 mutants with intact CA2 binding sites completely rescued Cl-/HCO3- exchange by an AE1 missense mutant devoid of CA2 binding, with activity further enhanced by CA2 co-expression.	Bicarbonates	113-117	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	164-167
14575719-7	2003	Since liver AE2 is putatively involved in the biliary secretion of bicarbonate, HNF1alpha may have a role in increasing bicarbonate secretion in response to certain stimuli.	Bicarbonates	120-131	HNF1 homeobox A	Homo sapiens	80-89
12933803-8	2003	However, co-expression of transport-incompetent AE1 mutants with intact CA2 binding sites completely rescued Cl-/HCO3- exchange by an AE1 missense mutant devoid of CA2 binding, with activity further enhanced by CA2 co-expression.	Bicarbonates	113-117	carbonic anhydrase 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	164-167
12933803-11	2003	The inter-protomeric rescue of HCO3- transport within the AE1 dimer shows functional proximity of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of one protomer to the anion translocation pathway in the adjacent protomer within the AE1 heterodimer.	Bicarbonates	31-35	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	58-61
12933803-11	2003	The inter-protomeric rescue of HCO3- transport within the AE1 dimer shows functional proximity of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of one protomer to the anion translocation pathway in the adjacent protomer within the AE1 heterodimer.	Bicarbonates	31-35	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	217-220
12839832-1	2003	Recently, we demonstrated that aldosterone inhibits HCO3- absorption in the rat medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) via a nongenomic pathway blocked by inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation.	Bicarbonates	52-56	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	168-205
12842823-8	2003	The ratio of Cl- to HCO3- in the anion secretory response was compatible with both Cl- and HCO3- being secreted via the CFTR anion channel.	Bicarbonates	20-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
12842823-8	2003	The ratio of Cl- to HCO3- in the anion secretory response was compatible with both Cl- and HCO3- being secreted via the CFTR anion channel.	Bicarbonates	91-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
12842823-11	2003	The inhibitor profile, the strong predominance of Cl- over HCO3- in the anion secretory response, and the high duodenal CFTR expression levels suggest that a major portion of cAMP-stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion is directly mediated by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	200-204	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
12839832-1	2003	Recently, we demonstrated that aldosterone inhibits HCO3- absorption in the rat medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) via a nongenomic pathway blocked by inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation.	Bicarbonates	52-56	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	207-210
12842825-5	2003	The targeted disruption of the Nhe1 gene also completely abolished pHi recovery from an acid load in pancreatic acini in both HCO3--containing and HCO3--free solutions.	Bicarbonates	126-130	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	31-35
14567693-3	2003	Carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV), which is also present in these tissues, is glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored to the outer surface of the plasma membrane where it catalyzes the hydration-dehydration of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	210-216	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
12842825-5	2003	The targeted disruption of the Nhe1 gene also completely abolished pHi recovery from an acid load in pancreatic acini in both HCO3--containing and HCO3--free solutions.	Bicarbonates	147-151	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	31-35
14567991-1	2003	Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a cancer-associated transmembrane isoform of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyse interconversion between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	155-166	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	23-28
14559244-1	2003	The Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC-1) plays a major role in bicarbonate absorption from proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	64-75	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-33
14559244-1	2003	The Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC-1) plays a major role in bicarbonate absorption from proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	64-75	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
14559244-2	2003	However, which NBC-1 variant mediates proximal bicarbonate absorption has not been definitely determined.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
14559244-9	2003	These results indicate that kNBC-1 is the dominant variant that mediates bicarbonate absorption from human renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	73-84	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
12878493-3	2003	This study sought to determine whether 1) the apical membrane NHE-2 and NHE-3 isoforms differentially mediated HCO3- and butyrate-dependent Na absorption, and 2) cAMP had different effects on NHE-2 and NHE-3 isoforms.	Bicarbonates	111-115	solute carrier family 9 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
12878493-3	2003	This study sought to determine whether 1) the apical membrane NHE-2 and NHE-3 isoforms differentially mediated HCO3- and butyrate-dependent Na absorption, and 2) cAMP had different effects on NHE-2 and NHE-3 isoforms.	Bicarbonates	111-115	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
12878493-8	2003	We conclude that 1) HCO3-stimulated Na absorption is mediated solely by NHE-3 isoform, whereas butyrate-stimulated Na absorption is mediated by either NHE-3 or NHE-2 isoform, and 2) dibutyryl cAMP selectively inhibits NHE-3 isoform but stimulates NHE-2 isoform.	Bicarbonates	20-24	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
14714518-1	2003	It was shown using the Ellman"s reagent that chloride and bicarbonate anions are the heat-induced reducing agents of sea-water, and their combined action is more than additive.	Bicarbonates	58-69	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	117-120
14567693-3	2003	Carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV), which is also present in these tissues, is glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored to the outer surface of the plasma membrane where it catalyzes the hydration-dehydration of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	210-216	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
12826602-8	2003	Removal of Cl resulted in a DIDS-inhibitable increase in pHi both in HCO3-buffered and in the nominally HCO3-free buffered solutions (0.28 +/- 0.02 and 0.11 +/- 0.02 pH units, respectively).	Bicarbonates	69-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
12826602-9	2003	We conclude that a carrier-mediated electroneutral Cl-HCO3 exchange is present in basolateral membranes and that, in the absence of HCO3, Cl-HCO3 exchange can function as a Cl-OH exchange and regulate pHi across basolateral membranes of rat distal colon.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	201-204
14578046-1	2003	The sodium bicarbonate co-transporter, NBC3, is expressed in a range of tissues including heart, skeletal muscle and kidney, where it modulates intracellular pH and bicarbonate levels.	Bicarbonates	11-22	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	39-43
14515130-5	2003	These results are consistent with a critical role of CFTR in controlling uterine bicarbonate secretion and the fertilizing capacity of sperm, providing a link between defective CFTR and lower female fertility in CF.	Bicarbonates	81-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	177-181
12812914-3	2003	Intracellular pH (pHi), measured with the dye BCECF, fell by 0.54 +/- 0.08 (n = 14) when we added CO2/HCO3- to the lumen.	Bicarbonates	102-106	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	18-21
12812914-4	2003	In 14 tubules in which we added CO2/HCO3- to the bath, pHi fell by 0.55 +/- 0.11 in 9 with a high initial pHi, but rose by 0.28 +/- 0.07 in the other 5 with a low initial pHi.	Bicarbonates	36-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-58
12812914-4	2003	In 14 tubules in which we added CO2/HCO3- to the bath, pHi fell by 0.55 +/- 0.11 in 9 with a high initial pHi, but rose by 0.28 +/- 0.07 in the other 5 with a low initial pHi.	Bicarbonates	36-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	106-109
12812914-4	2003	In 14 tubules in which we added CO2/HCO3- to the bath, pHi fell by 0.55 +/- 0.11 in 9 with a high initial pHi, but rose by 0.28 +/- 0.07 in the other 5 with a low initial pHi.	Bicarbonates	36-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	106-109
14692506-4	2003	Inhibition data of the cytosolic isozymes CA I and CA II with a large number of anionic species such as halides, pseudohalides, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydrosulfide, arsenate, etc., are also provided for comparison.	Bicarbonates	128-139	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
14692506-4	2003	Inhibition data of the cytosolic isozymes CA I and CA II with a large number of anionic species such as halides, pseudohalides, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydrosulfide, arsenate, etc., are also provided for comparison.	Bicarbonates	128-139	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	51-56
14515130-0	2003	Involvement of CFTR in uterine bicarbonate secretion and the fertilizing capacity of sperm.	Bicarbonates	31-42	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
14515130-2	2003	Although CFTR has been implicated in bicarbonate secretion, its ability to directly mediate bicarbonate secretion of any physiological significance has not been shown.	Bicarbonates	37-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
14515130-2	2003	Although CFTR has been implicated in bicarbonate secretion, its ability to directly mediate bicarbonate secretion of any physiological significance has not been shown.	Bicarbonates	92-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
14515130-3	2003	We demonstrate here that endometrial epithelial cells possess a CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport mechanism.	Bicarbonates	78-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-68
14515130-5	2003	These results are consistent with a critical role of CFTR in controlling uterine bicarbonate secretion and the fertilizing capacity of sperm, providing a link between defective CFTR and lower female fertility in CF.	Bicarbonates	81-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
12736136-1	2003	SLC26A6 (or putative anion transporter 1, PAT1) is located on the apical membrane of mouse kidney proximal tubule and mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in in vitro expression systems.	Bicarbonates	131-135	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
12736136-1	2003	SLC26A6 (or putative anion transporter 1, PAT1) is located on the apical membrane of mouse kidney proximal tubule and mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in in vitro expression systems.	Bicarbonates	131-135	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	12-40
12736136-1	2003	SLC26A6 (or putative anion transporter 1, PAT1) is located on the apical membrane of mouse kidney proximal tubule and mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange in in vitro expression systems.	Bicarbonates	131-135	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	42-46
12736136-11	2003	We propose that SLC26A6 is likely responsible for the apical Cl-/HCO3- (and Cl-/OH-) exchanger activities in kidney proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	65-69	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	16-23
12832463-1	2003	The anion exchanger protein 1 (AE1; band 3) is an abundant erythrocyte transmembrane protein that regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange and provides an attachment site for the erythrocyte membrane skeleton on the cytoplasmic domain.	Bicarbonates	117-128	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	4-29
12956733-3	2003	Evidence is presented here that bicarbonate efflux via GABAA receptors in interneurons and pyramidal cells of the CA1 hippocampal area contribute to depolarizing GABAA-mediated potentials in an in vitro nonpharmacological seizure-like model of status epilepticus.	Bicarbonates	32-43	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
12923247-10	2003	The localization of CA XII in the peritubular space of proximal tubules suggests that it may play a role in renal HCO(3)(-) absorption, whereas the function of CA XII in the type A intercalated cells needs further investigation.	Bicarbonates	114-120	carbonic anhydrase 12	Mus musculus	20-26
12911818-1	2003	The human anion exchanger AE1 (Band 3) is an abundant glycoprotein localized in plasma membrane of red cells and is responsible for the electro-neutral exchange of chloride for bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	177-188	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-29
14567450-6	2003	Our results demonstrate that ascorbic acid can induce a pH dependent hydroxyl radical generating reaction in copper contaminated household tap water that is buffered with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	171-182	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
12892880-4	2003	When Escherichia coli is transformed with a plasmid carrying HP0099 from strain 26695, the recombinants acquire chemotaxis to arginine, bicarbonate, and urea.	Bicarbonates	136-147	methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein	Helicobacter pylori 26695	61-67
12892880-5	2003	In H. pylori 43504, the HP0099 gene is interrupted with a mini-IS605 insertion, which accounts for its inability to recognize arginine and bicarbonate as attractants.	Bicarbonates	139-150	methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein	Helicobacter pylori 26695	24-30
12892880-6	2003	Together, these results argue that the H. pylori HP0099 gene encodes an MCP for arginine and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	93-104	methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein	Helicobacter pylori 26695	49-55
12862489-0	2003	Influence of backbone conformations of human carbonic anhydrase II on carbon dioxide hydration: hydration pathways and binding of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	130-141	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	45-66
12862489-1	2003	In this study, the hydration of carbon dioxide and the formation of bicarbonate in human carbonic anhydrase II have been examined.	Bicarbonates	68-79	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	89-110
14611844-3	2003	Inhibition data of the cytosolic isozymes CA I and CA II as well as the membrane-bound isozyme CA IV with a large number of anionic species such as halides, pseudohalides, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydrosulfide, arsenate, sulfamate, and sulfamidate and so on, are also provided for comparison.	Bicarbonates	172-183	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
12958404-2	2003	Results show that Ca(II) mainly distributes in free Ca2+, [Ca(HCO3)], and [Ca(Lac)].	Bicarbonates	62-67	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
12657563-9	2003	In conclusion, increased abundance of NHE3 and BSC-1 in mTAL cells as well as increased NHE3 in the proximal tubule brush border may contribute to enhanced renal Na+ and HCO3 reabsorption in response to ANG II.	Bicarbonates	170-174	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
12657563-9	2003	In conclusion, increased abundance of NHE3 and BSC-1 in mTAL cells as well as increased NHE3 in the proximal tubule brush border may contribute to enhanced renal Na+ and HCO3 reabsorption in response to ANG II.	Bicarbonates	170-174	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
12657563-9	2003	In conclusion, increased abundance of NHE3 and BSC-1 in mTAL cells as well as increased NHE3 in the proximal tubule brush border may contribute to enhanced renal Na+ and HCO3 reabsorption in response to ANG II.	Bicarbonates	170-174	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	203-209
12874745-11	2003	Serum bicarbonate was inversely and significantly correlated with nPCR at baseline (r = -0.23; P &lt;.05) and 3 months (r = -0.22; P &lt;.05).	Bicarbonates	6-17	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	66-70
12832463-1	2003	The anion exchanger protein 1 (AE1; band 3) is an abundant erythrocyte transmembrane protein that regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange and provides an attachment site for the erythrocyte membrane skeleton on the cytoplasmic domain.	Bicarbonates	117-128	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	31-34
12878449-3	2003	The addition of 10 or 20 ngml(-1) interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) or interleukin 2(IL-2) to the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution medium stimulates glucose metabolism in uteri from underfed rats.	Bicarbonates	108-119	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	34-52
12837871-9	2003	Higher cTnT also correlated with higher serum creatine kinase-MB mass, lower serum parathyroid hormone, higher blood urea nitrogen and bicarbonate levels, and the use of diuretics, but not with higher cardiac troponin I.	Bicarbonates	135-146	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	7-11
12837871-12	2003	Cardiac damage, indicated by either elevated cTnT or low LV contractility, is related to uremia, deranged calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bicarbonate levels.	Bicarbonates	145-156	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	45-49
12878449-3	2003	The addition of 10 or 20 ngml(-1) interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) or interleukin 2(IL-2) to the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution medium stimulates glucose metabolism in uteri from underfed rats.	Bicarbonates	108-119	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
12878449-3	2003	The addition of 10 or 20 ngml(-1) interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) or interleukin 2(IL-2) to the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution medium stimulates glucose metabolism in uteri from underfed rats.	Bicarbonates	108-119	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-81
12878449-3	2003	The addition of 10 or 20 ngml(-1) interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) or interleukin 2(IL-2) to the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution medium stimulates glucose metabolism in uteri from underfed rats.	Bicarbonates	108-119	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
12686560-11	2003	Molecular oxygen was needed for HCO3-/H2O2-dependent aggregation of hSOD1WT, implicating a role for a Trp-32-dependent peroxidative reaction in the covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT.	Bicarbonates	32-36	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
12686560-11	2003	Molecular oxygen was needed for HCO3-/H2O2-dependent aggregation of hSOD1WT, implicating a role for a Trp-32-dependent peroxidative reaction in the covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT.	Bicarbonates	32-36	thioredoxin like 1	Homo sapiens	102-108
12686560-0	2003	Bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase induces covalent aggregation of protein: intermediacy of tryptophan-derived oxidation products.	Bicarbonates	0-11	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	51-77
12686560-11	2003	Molecular oxygen was needed for HCO3-/H2O2-dependent aggregation of hSOD1WT, implicating a role for a Trp-32-dependent peroxidative reaction in the covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT.	Bicarbonates	32-36	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	68-75
12686560-1	2003	This study addresses the mechanism of covalent aggregation of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1WT) induced by bicarbonate (HCO3-)-mediated peroxidase activity.	Bicarbonates	116-127	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	68-94
12686560-13	2003	Implications of HCO3--dependent SOD1 peroxidase activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease are discussed.	Bicarbonates	16-20	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
12686560-1	2003	This study addresses the mechanism of covalent aggregation of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1WT) induced by bicarbonate (HCO3-)-mediated peroxidase activity.	Bicarbonates	116-127	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	96-103
12686560-1	2003	This study addresses the mechanism of covalent aggregation of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1WT) induced by bicarbonate (HCO3-)-mediated peroxidase activity.	Bicarbonates	129-134	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	68-94
12785851-12	2003	This difference in coordination modes concurs with the suggestion that a possible reason for the lower activity of Co(II)-carbonic anhydrase is associated with enhanced bidentate coordination of bicarbonate inhibiting its displacement.	Bicarbonates	195-206	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	115-121
12686560-1	2003	This study addresses the mechanism of covalent aggregation of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1WT) induced by bicarbonate (HCO3-)-mediated peroxidase activity.	Bicarbonates	129-134	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	96-103
12686560-2	2003	Higher molecular weight species (apparent dimers and trimers) of hSOD1WT were formed from incubation mixtures containing hSOD1WT, H2O2, and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	140-145	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
12686560-2	2003	Higher molecular weight species (apparent dimers and trimers) of hSOD1WT were formed from incubation mixtures containing hSOD1WT, H2O2, and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	140-145	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	65-72
12686560-3	2003	HCO3--dependent peroxidase activity and covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT were mimicked by UV photolysis of hSOD1-WT in the presence of a [Co(NH3)5CO3]+ complex that generates the carbonate radical anion (CO3.).	Bicarbonates	0-4	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
12686560-3	2003	HCO3--dependent peroxidase activity and covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT were mimicked by UV photolysis of hSOD1-WT in the presence of a [Co(NH3)5CO3]+ complex that generates the carbonate radical anion (CO3.).	Bicarbonates	0-4	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
12649272-4	2003	Here, we show that bicarbonate also substantially enhances the rate of self-inactivation of human wild type SOD1.	Bicarbonates	19-30	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
12649272-5	2003	Together, these observations suggest that the strong oxidant formed by hydrogen peroxide and SOD1 in the presence of bicarbonate arises from a pathway mechanistically distinct from that producing the oxidant in its absence.	Bicarbonates	117-128	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
12649272-7	2003	The 1.4 A resolution crystal structure of pathogenic SOD1 mutant D125H reveals the mode of oxyanion binding in the active site channel and implies that phosphate anion attenuates the bicarbonate effect by competing for binding to this site.	Bicarbonates	183-194	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
12820006-7	2003	These results pointed to a Na(+)-HCO3(-)-cotransporter (NBC) as the main pHi regulatory mechanism in the presence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	33-37	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	56-59
12802335-3	2003	Here we report phosphorylation- and ATP-independent activation of CFTR by cytoplasmic glutamate that exclusively elicits Cl-, but not HCO3-, conductance in the human sweat duct.	Bicarbonates	134-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
12802335-4	2003	We also report that the anion selectivity of glutamate-activated CFTR is not intrinsically fixed, but can undergo a dynamic shift to conduct HCO3- by a process involving ATP hydrolysis.	Bicarbonates	141-145	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-69
12802335-6	2003	In contrast, duct cells from heterozygous patients with R117H/DeltaF508 mutant CFTR also lost most of the Cl- conductance, yet retained significant HCO3- conductance.	Bicarbonates	148-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
12847417-5	2003	Recent molecular cloning experiments have identified the existence of 4 NBC isoforms (NBC1, 2, 3 and 4) and 2 NBC-related proteins AE4 and NCBE (anion exchanger 4 and sodium-dependent chloride-bicarbonate exchanger).	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Homo sapiens	131-134
12847417-6	2003	Except for AE4 which does not transport Na, all are presumed to mediate the cotransport of Na+ and HCO(3)-.	Bicarbonates	99-106	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Homo sapiens	11-14
12847417-8	2003	NBC1 shows a limited tissue expression pattern, is electrogenic and plays an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption in kidney proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	95-106	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
12847417-9	2003	A variant of NBC1 is expressed in pancreatic duct and gastrointestinal tract, and plays an important role in HCO(3)- secretion.	Bicarbonates	109-115	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
12578559-0	2003	Transport activity of chimaeric AE2-AE3 chloride/bicarbonate anion exchange proteins.	Bicarbonates	49-60	NBPF member 3	Homo sapiens	32-35
12519749-0	2003	HCO(3)(-)-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase activates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in corneal endothelium.	Bicarbonates	0-6	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	55-106
12519749-3	2003	We asked whether HCO(3)(-) can secondarily increase CFTR permeability in bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) by activating soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC).	Bicarbonates	17-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	52-56
12519749-11	2003	We conclude that HCO(3)(-)-stimulated sAC is a form of autocrine signaling that contributes to baseline cAMP production, thereby affecting baseline CFTR activity in BCEC.	Bicarbonates	17-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	148-152
12651923-2	2003	hDRA expressed in Xenopus oocytes mediated bidirectional Cl--Cl- and Cl--HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	73-77	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
12651923-9	2003	cAMP-insensitive Cl--HCO3- exchange mediated by hDRA gained modest cAMP sensitivity when co-expressed with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	21-25	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	48-52
12651923-9	2003	cAMP-insensitive Cl--HCO3- exchange mediated by hDRA gained modest cAMP sensitivity when co-expressed with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	21-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-158
12651923-9	2003	cAMP-insensitive Cl--HCO3- exchange mediated by hDRA gained modest cAMP sensitivity when co-expressed with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	21-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	160-164
12578559-0	2003	Transport activity of chimaeric AE2-AE3 chloride/bicarbonate anion exchange proteins.	Bicarbonates	49-60	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	36-39
12562898-9	2003	We conclude that: (1) normal, but not CF, nasal epithelia have a constitutively active DPC-sensitive HCO3- influx/efflux pathway across the apical membrane of cells, consistent with the movement of HCO3- via CFTR; and (2) both normal and CF nasal epithelia have Na+-independent, H2DIDS-sensitive AE at their basolateral domain.	Bicarbonates	101-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	208-212
12709690-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Secretin, a 27 amino acid polypeptide released in response to duodenal luminal acidification, stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate from pancreatic ductal cells.	Bicarbonates	140-151	secretin	Homo sapiens	12-20
12611966-0	2003	Relation between bicarbonate concentration and voltage dependence of sodium currents in freshly isolated CA1 neurons of the rat.	Bicarbonates	17-28	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
12707382-0	2003	Biphasic regulation of renal proximal bicarbonate absorption by luminal AT(1A) receptor.	Bicarbonates	38-49	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	72-77
12707382-5	2003	In WT, the rate of bicarbonate absorption (JHCO(3)(-)), analyzed with a stop-flow microspectrofluorometric method, was stimulated by 10(-10) mol/L luminal AngII but was inhibited by 10(-6) mol/L luminal AngII.	Bicarbonates	19-30	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	155-160
12707382-5	2003	In WT, the rate of bicarbonate absorption (JHCO(3)(-)), analyzed with a stop-flow microspectrofluorometric method, was stimulated by 10(-10) mol/L luminal AngII but was inhibited by 10(-6) mol/L luminal AngII.	Bicarbonates	19-30	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	203-208
12707382-12	2003	These results indicate that the luminal AT(1A) mediates the biphasic regulation of bicarbonate absorption by luminal AngII, while no evidence was obtained for a role of AT(2).	Bicarbonates	83-94	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	40-45
12707382-12	2003	These results indicate that the luminal AT(1A) mediates the biphasic regulation of bicarbonate absorption by luminal AngII, while no evidence was obtained for a role of AT(2).	Bicarbonates	83-94	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	117-122
12693233-0	2003	Kinetic study of the effects of inhibitors on the catalyzed dehydration of HCO3- by copper(II) complexes [TpPh]CuX (X- = OH-, N3-, NCS-).	Bicarbonates	75-79	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
12609767-1	2003	Secretin is released from upper small intestinal mucosa to drive pancreatic secretion of fluid and bicarbonate and inhibit gastric acid secretion.	Bicarbonates	99-110	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
12556366-8	2003	These results indicate that changes in pendrin protein expression play a key role in the well-established regulation of HCO(3)(-) secretion in the CCD in response to chronic changes in acid-base balance and suggest that regulation of pendrin expression may be clinically important in the correction of acid-base disturbances.	Bicarbonates	120-126	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-46
12578372-2	2003	Glutamate 681 is thought to be located within the transport channel of band 3 (AE1, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger), where it acts as a proton donor for the anion/proton cotransport function.	Bicarbonates	97-108	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-82
12698540-9	2003	PTH concentrations correlated with osteocalcine and HCO3 (r = 0.74, r = -0.56, p &lt; 0.001).	Bicarbonates	52-56	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	0-3
12531931-2	2003	Recently, impaired HCO(3)(-) secretion has been shown in most tissues known to express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	19-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-142
12531931-2	2003	Recently, impaired HCO(3)(-) secretion has been shown in most tissues known to express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	19-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	144-148
12531931-3	2003	New results suggest that CFTR plays an important role in the transcellular secretion of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	88-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
12539048-1	2003	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (ddRTA) is caused by mutations in SLC4A1, which encodes the polytopic chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1 that is normally expressed at the basolateral surface of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	128-139	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	83-89
12539048-1	2003	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (ddRTA) is caused by mutations in SLC4A1, which encodes the polytopic chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1 that is normally expressed at the basolateral surface of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	128-139	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-153
12446737-1	2003	Human AE1 performs electroneutral exchange of Cl(-) for HCO(3)(-) across the erythrocyte membrane.	Bicarbonates	56-65	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	6-9
12598567-1	2003	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which catalyses the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate using HCO(3)(-) to generate oxaloacetic acid, is an important enzyme in the primary metabolism of plants.	Bicarbonates	103-109	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	0-31
12598567-1	2003	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which catalyses the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate using HCO(3)(-) to generate oxaloacetic acid, is an important enzyme in the primary metabolism of plants.	Bicarbonates	103-109	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	33-37
12733493-8	2003	In prevention of HSR associated with bradykinin in addition to elimination of a combination of a negatively charged dialysis membrane and ACEI treatment a part is played also by rinsing of the dialyzer before haemodialysis with a bicarbonate solution and the modification of the membrane surface (implemented by the manufacturer) which reduces its negative charge.	Bicarbonates	230-241	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	37-47
12409301-0	2003	Ca2+ activates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator- and Cl- -dependent HCO3 transport in pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	87-91	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
12504118-0	2003	Relationship between a HCO3- -permeable conductance and a CLCA protein from rat pancreatic zymogen granules.	Bicarbonates	23-27	chloride channel accessory 5	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
12504118-10	2003	These findings suggest that a CLCA-related protein could account for the Ca(2+)-activated HCO(3)(-) conductance of rat pancreatic ZGM and contribute to hormone-stimulated enzyme secretion.	Bicarbonates	90-96	chloride channel accessory 5	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
12409301-2	2003	The bulk of bicarbonate secretion in the luminal membrane of duct cells is mediated by a Cl(-)-dependent mechanism (Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange), and we previously reported that the mechanism is CFTR-dependent and cAMP-activated (Lee, M. G., Choi, J. Y., Luo, X., Strickland, E., Thomas, P. J., and Muallem, S. (1999) J. Biol.	Bicarbonates	12-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	192-196
12409301-5	2003	In the present study, we provide comprehensive evidence that calcium signaling also activates the same CFTR- and Cl(-)-dependent HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	129-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
12409301-11	2003	These results provide a molecular basis for calcium-induced bicarbonate secretion in pancreatic duct cells and highlight the importance of CFTR in epithelial bicarbonate secretion induced by various stimuli.	Bicarbonates	158-169	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	139-143
14515162-3	2003	The rates of the absorbance changes in the Soret region of cytochrome c spectrum caused by peroxynitrite or peroxynitrite/bicarbonate were the same as the rate of spontaneous isomerization of peroxynitrite or as the rate of the reaction of peroxynitrite with bicarbonate, respectively.	Bicarbonates	122-133	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	59-71
14515162-3	2003	The rates of the absorbance changes in the Soret region of cytochrome c spectrum caused by peroxynitrite or peroxynitrite/bicarbonate were the same as the rate of spontaneous isomerization of peroxynitrite or as the rate of the reaction of peroxynitrite with bicarbonate, respectively.	Bicarbonates	259-270	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	59-71
12388414-9	2003	NBC activity in oocytes, assayed as the Na(+)-dependent, HCO(3)(-)-mediated intracellular pH recovery from acidosis, indicated that NBC4 is a DIDS-inhibitable NBC.	Bicarbonates	57-66	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
14763024-6	2003	The bFGF level in the supernatant showed a concentration-dependent increase in the presence of glucose and glycated albumin; bFGF level decreased as the bicarbonate concentration increased.	Bicarbonates	153-164	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
14763024-6	2003	The bFGF level in the supernatant showed a concentration-dependent increase in the presence of glucose and glycated albumin; bFGF level decreased as the bicarbonate concentration increased.	Bicarbonates	153-164	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
14763024-7	2003	Low levels of glucose, lactate, and glycated albumin, and a high concentration of bicarbonate may preserve the viability of peritoneal mesothelial cells and prevent bFGF secretion.	Bicarbonates	82-93	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	165-169
12388414-8	2003	Although exposure of NBC1-expressing oocytes to CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) resulted in immediate hyperpolarization, the NBC4-expressing oocytes did not show any alteration in membrane potential.	Bicarbonates	54-60	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
12388388-3	2003	Here, we examined the regulation of pendrin in metabolic acidosis, a condition known to decrease HCO(3)(-) secretion in CCD.	Bicarbonates	97-104	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
12388414-10	2003	We propose that NBC4 is expressed in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and mediates cellular HCO(3)(-) uptake in this segment.	Bicarbonates	105-112	solute carrier family 4 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
12743442-0	2003	Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on pancreatic, hepatic and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in the pig.	Bicarbonates	139-150	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Sus scrofa	44-94
12743442-1	2003	BACKGROUND AND METHOD: The potency of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the related vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on pancreaticobiliary and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (DMBS) was studied in anaesthetized pigs.	Bicarbonates	192-203	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Sus scrofa	38-96
12743442-5	2003	At this dose VIP increased hepatic bicarbonate output from 0.4 to 3.8 mmol/h, PACAP27 from 0.3 to 3.6 mmol/h, and PACAP38 from 0.1 to 1.4 mmol/h, respectively.	Bicarbonates	35-46	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	13-16
12743442-8	2003	CONCLUSIONS: VIP, PACAP27 and PACAP38 all have a pharmacological effect on both DMBS and pancreaticobiliary bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	108-119	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	13-16
12403779-1	2002	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates both HCO(3)(-) secretion and HCO(3)(-) salvage in secretory epithelia.	Bicarbonates	74-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
12570106-1	2003	The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator protein can transport bicarbonate and may therefore regulate airway surface (AS) pH.	Bicarbonates	83-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-60
14596847-2	2003	Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the absence of the major NHE isoform 1 (NHE1) reduced the steady-state pH(i) and recovery rate from an acid load in the hippocampal neurons not only in HEPES but also in HCO(3)(-) solutions (Yao et al., 1999).	Bicarbonates	223-229	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	78-91
14596847-2	2003	Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the absence of the major NHE isoform 1 (NHE1) reduced the steady-state pH(i) and recovery rate from an acid load in the hippocampal neurons not only in HEPES but also in HCO(3)(-) solutions (Yao et al., 1999).	Bicarbonates	223-229	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	93-97
12403779-14	2002	We conclude that CFTR and NBC3 reside in the same HCO(3)(-)-transporting complex with the aid of PDZ domain-containing scaffolds, and this interaction is essential for regulation of NBC3 activity by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	50-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
12403779-14	2002	We conclude that CFTR and NBC3 reside in the same HCO(3)(-)-transporting complex with the aid of PDZ domain-containing scaffolds, and this interaction is essential for regulation of NBC3 activity by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	50-57	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	26-30
12813912-9	2003	Study of GC-C "knock-out" mice reveal that GC-C is important to intestinal salt and water secretion, duodenal bicarbonate secretion, recovery from CCl4-induced liver injury, and to intestinal polyp formation in Min mice lacking GC-C.	Bicarbonates	110-121	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	43-47
12813912-9	2003	Study of GC-C "knock-out" mice reveal that GC-C is important to intestinal salt and water secretion, duodenal bicarbonate secretion, recovery from CCl4-induced liver injury, and to intestinal polyp formation in Min mice lacking GC-C.	Bicarbonates	110-121	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	43-47
12403779-14	2002	We conclude that CFTR and NBC3 reside in the same HCO(3)(-)-transporting complex with the aid of PDZ domain-containing scaffolds, and this interaction is essential for regulation of NBC3 activity by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	50-57	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	182-186
12403779-1	2002	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates both HCO(3)(-) secretion and HCO(3)(-) salvage in secretory epithelia.	Bicarbonates	74-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
12403779-14	2002	We conclude that CFTR and NBC3 reside in the same HCO(3)(-)-transporting complex with the aid of PDZ domain-containing scaffolds, and this interaction is essential for regulation of NBC3 activity by CFTR.	Bicarbonates	50-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	199-203
12403779-1	2002	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates both HCO(3)(-) secretion and HCO(3)(-) salvage in secretory epithelia.	Bicarbonates	98-104	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
12403779-15	2002	Furthermore, these findings add additional evidence for the suggestion that CFTR regulates the overall trans-cellular HCO(3)(-) transport by regulating the activity of all luminal HCO(3)(-) secretion and salvage mechanisms of secretory epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	118-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
12403779-15	2002	Furthermore, these findings add additional evidence for the suggestion that CFTR regulates the overall trans-cellular HCO(3)(-) transport by regulating the activity of all luminal HCO(3)(-) secretion and salvage mechanisms of secretory epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	180-186	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
12403779-1	2002	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates both HCO(3)(-) secretion and HCO(3)(-) salvage in secretory epithelia.	Bicarbonates	98-104	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
12372762-4	2002	Recent studies have shown that the HCO(3)(-):Na(+) transport stoichiometry of NBC1 proteins is either 2:1 or 3:1 depending on the cell type in which the transporters are expressed, indicating that the HCO(3)(-):Na(+) coupling ratio can be regulated.	Bicarbonates	35-41	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
12482890-8	2002	Taken together, the results indicate that the effects of modulating PKA activity on steady-state pH(i) in rat CA1 neurons under HCO(3)(-)/CO(2)-buffered conditions reflect not only changes in Na(+)-H(+) exchange activity but also changes in Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange activity that, in turn, may be dependent upon the initial pH(i).	Bicarbonates	128-134	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
12388101-2	2002	These peptides elicit chloride and bicarbonate secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Bicarbonates	35-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-116
12450898-6	2002	The historical shift from negative to positive NEAP was accounted for by the displacement of high-bicarbonate-yielding plant foods in the ancestral diet by cereal grains and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods in the contemporary diet-neither of which are net base-producing.	Bicarbonates	98-109	dual specificity phosphatase 26	Homo sapiens	47-51
12533784-10	2002	Forskolin evokes the clearance of fluorescent dyes from duct space possibly due to fluid secretion in rat parotid ducts, associated with secretion through CFTR and DPC-sensitive anion channels of carbonic anhydrase-dependent bicarbonate linked with the Na+/H+ exchange mechanism.	Bicarbonates	225-236	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
12427135-3	2002	Recently pendrin has been localized to the apical side of non-type A intercalated cells of the cortical collecting duct, and reduced bicarbonate secretion was demonstrated in a pendrin knockout mouse model.	Bicarbonates	133-144	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	177-184
12427135-10	2002	In contrast, following oral bicarbonate loading pendrin was found exclusively in the apical membrane and the relative number of pendrin positive cells increased.	Bicarbonates	28-39	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	48-55
12427135-10	2002	In contrast, following oral bicarbonate loading pendrin was found exclusively in the apical membrane and the relative number of pendrin positive cells increased.	Bicarbonates	28-39	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	128-135
12427135-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: These results are in agreement with a potential role of pendrin in bicarbonate secretion and regulation of acid-base transport in the cortical collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	80-91	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	69-76
12427137-1	2002	BACKGROUND: The bulk of bicarbonate reabsorption along the loop of Henle (LOH) is localized at the level of the thick ascending limb (TAL) and is mainly dependent on the presence of luminal Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE-3).	Bicarbonates	24-35	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
12442266-3	2002	CLD is caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26, member 3 gene (SLC26A3, alias CLD or DRA), which encodes a Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- (or OH-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	139-143	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	34-68
12442266-3	2002	CLD is caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26, member 3 gene (SLC26A3, alias CLD or DRA), which encodes a Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- (or OH-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	139-143	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	75-82
12442266-3	2002	CLD is caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26, member 3 gene (SLC26A3, alias CLD or DRA), which encodes a Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- (or OH-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	139-143	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	97-100
12438515-0	2002	The cation transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 interact with bicarbonate but play only a minor role for amantadine uptake into rat renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	54-65	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
12438515-0	2002	The cation transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 interact with bicarbonate but play only a minor role for amantadine uptake into rat renal proximal tubules.	Bicarbonates	54-65	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
12438515-8	2002	The effect of bicarbonate on organic cation transport was dependent on substrate (amantadine or TEA), cell system (oocytes, HEK 293 cells, or proximal tubules), and transporter (rOCT1 or rOCT2).	Bicarbonates	14-25	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
12438515-8	2002	The effect of bicarbonate on organic cation transport was dependent on substrate (amantadine or TEA), cell system (oocytes, HEK 293 cells, or proximal tubules), and transporter (rOCT1 or rOCT2).	Bicarbonates	14-25	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	187-192
12438515-10	2002	The data suggested that rat renal proximal tubules contain an organic cation transporter in addition to rOCT1 and rOCT2 that mediates amantadine uptake and requires bicarbonate for optimal function.	Bicarbonates	165-176	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
12438515-10	2002	The data suggested that rat renal proximal tubules contain an organic cation transporter in addition to rOCT1 and rOCT2 that mediates amantadine uptake and requires bicarbonate for optimal function.	Bicarbonates	165-176	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	44-55	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	93-114
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	44-55	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	132-143	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	93-114
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	132-143	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	132-143	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	93-114
12372762-4	2002	Recent studies have shown that the HCO(3)(-):Na(+) transport stoichiometry of NBC1 proteins is either 2:1 or 3:1 depending on the cell type in which the transporters are expressed, indicating that the HCO(3)(-):Na(+) coupling ratio can be regulated.	Bicarbonates	35-42	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Bicarbonates	132-143	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
12372813-3	2002	DRA-mediated bicarbonate transport activity of 18 +/- 1 mM H+ equivalents/min was inhibited 53 +/- 2% by 100 mM of the CAII inhibitor, acetazolamide, but was unaffected by the membrane-impermeant carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, 1-[5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-(aminosulfonyl-4-phenyl)]-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium perchlorate.	Bicarbonates	13-24	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
12372813-3	2002	DRA-mediated bicarbonate transport activity of 18 +/- 1 mM H+ equivalents/min was inhibited 53 +/- 2% by 100 mM of the CAII inhibitor, acetazolamide, but was unaffected by the membrane-impermeant carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, 1-[5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-(aminosulfonyl-4-phenyl)]-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium perchlorate.	Bicarbonates	13-24	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
12372813-6	2002	We conclude that cytosolic CAII is required for full DRA-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	66-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
12530398-6	2002	Taken together, our results suggest that the overall action of PKC results from the simultaneous modulation of multiple pathways, targeted to a reduction of both lactate and bicarbonate transports without altering cell pH homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	174-185	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
12372813-6	2002	We conclude that cytosolic CAII is required for full DRA-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	66-77	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	53-56
12372813-7	2002	However, DRA differs from other bicarbonate transport proteins because its transport activity is not stimulated by direct interaction with CAII.	Bicarbonates	32-43	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	9-12
12411484-0	2002	A molecular mechanism for aberrant CFTR-dependent HCO(3)(-) transport in cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	50-56	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	35-39
12411484-2	2002	We show here that HCO(3)(-) current by CFTR cannot account for CFTR-activated HCO(3)(-) transport and that CFTR does not activate AE1-AE4.	Bicarbonates	18-24	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	39-43
12411484-3	2002	In contrast, CFTR markedly activates Cl(-) and OH(-)/HCO(3)(-) transport by members of the SLC26 family DRA, SLC26A6 and pendrin.	Bicarbonates	53-59	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	13-17
12411484-3	2002	In contrast, CFTR markedly activates Cl(-) and OH(-)/HCO(3)(-) transport by members of the SLC26 family DRA, SLC26A6 and pendrin.	Bicarbonates	53-59	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	104-107
12411484-3	2002	In contrast, CFTR markedly activates Cl(-) and OH(-)/HCO(3)(-) transport by members of the SLC26 family DRA, SLC26A6 and pendrin.	Bicarbonates	53-59	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	109-116
12411484-3	2002	In contrast, CFTR markedly activates Cl(-) and OH(-)/HCO(3)(-) transport by members of the SLC26 family DRA, SLC26A6 and pendrin.	Bicarbonates	53-59	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	121-128
12411484-6	2002	SLC26A6 activity is voltage regulated and occurred at HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) &gt; or =2.	Bicarbonates	54-61	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
12411484-8	2002	These findings provide a molecular mechanism for epithelial HCO(3)(-) transport (one SLC26 transporter-electrogenic transport; two SLC26 transporters with opposite stoichiometry in the same membrane domain-electroneutral transport), the CF-associated aberrant HCO(3)(-) transport, and reveal a new function of CFTR with clinical implications for CF and congenital chloride diarrhea.	Bicarbonates	60-66	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	310-314
12609078-9	2002	CONCLUSION: Carbonic anhydrase IV is expressed in rabbit corneal endothelium, which could contribute to the transendothelial HCO(3)(-) flux that is necessary to maintain corneal hydration and transparency.	Bicarbonates	125-131	carbonic anhydrase 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	12-33
12411514-2	2002	Previously, we showed that phosphorylation of kNBC1-Ser(982) in the carboxy-terminus of kNBC1 (kNBC1-Ct), by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA), shifts the stoichiometry from 3 : 1 to 2 : 1 and that binding of bicarbonate to the cotransporter is electrostaticaly modulated.	Bicarbonates	203-214	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
12407075-5	2002	Stimulation with dbcAMP or secretin caused a transient hyperpolarization (approximately 5 mV) due to activation of electrogenic Na+-HCO(3)(-) cotransport at the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	132-138	secretin	Cavia porcellus	27-35
12407075-10	2002	Our calculations indicate that the electrodiffusive efflux of HCO(3)(-) to the lumen via CFTR, driven by this gradient, would be sufficient to fully account for the observed secretory flux of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	62-68	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	89-93
12407075-10	2002	Our calculations indicate that the electrodiffusive efflux of HCO(3)(-) to the lumen via CFTR, driven by this gradient, would be sufficient to fully account for the observed secretory flux of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	192-198	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	89-93
12431452-1	2002	Rats exposed to prolonged administration of the NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide showed enhanced activity of the exchanger in cardiac tissue, as assessed by the rise in the steady-state pHi value in the absence of bicarbonate (7.15+/-0.01 in control vs 7.49+/-0.06 and 7.41+/-0.05 in cariporide-treated for 1 or 2 months, respectively, P&lt;0.05).	Bicarbonates	208-219	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
12411514-2	2002	Previously, we showed that phosphorylation of kNBC1-Ser(982) in the carboxy-terminus of kNBC1 (kNBC1-Ct), by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA), shifts the stoichiometry from 3 : 1 to 2 : 1 and that binding of bicarbonate to the cotransporter is electrostaticaly modulated.	Bicarbonates	203-214	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
12411514-2	2002	Previously, we showed that phosphorylation of kNBC1-Ser(982) in the carboxy-terminus of kNBC1 (kNBC1-Ct), by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA), shifts the stoichiometry from 3 : 1 to 2 : 1 and that binding of bicarbonate to the cotransporter is electrostaticaly modulated.	Bicarbonates	203-214	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
12411514-3	2002	These results raise the possibility that phosphorylated kNBC1-Ser(982), or other nearby negatively charged residues shift the stoichiometry by blocking a bicarbonate-binding site.	Bicarbonates	154-165	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
12403872-2	2002	Bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion is also impaired in CFTR expressing tissues and CFTR is thought to regulate HCO(3)(-) secretion at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	0-11	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
12556067-0	2002	Generation of TNFalpha and interleukin-6 by peritoneal macrophages after overnight dwells with bicarbonate- or lactate-buffered dialysis fluid.	Bicarbonates	95-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-22
12556067-0	2002	Generation of TNFalpha and interleukin-6 by peritoneal macrophages after overnight dwells with bicarbonate- or lactate-buffered dialysis fluid.	Bicarbonates	95-106	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	27-40
12403872-2	2002	Bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion is also impaired in CFTR expressing tissues and CFTR is thought to regulate HCO(3)(-) secretion at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	13-19	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
12403872-2	2002	Bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion is also impaired in CFTR expressing tissues and CFTR is thought to regulate HCO(3)(-) secretion at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	110-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
12407384-7	2002	Tumor necrosis factor levels were found to be inversely correlated with mean blood pressure values and indicators of acidosis (bicarbonate levels and base excess, P &lt;.03).	Bicarbonates	127-138	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-21
12403872-2	2002	Bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion is also impaired in CFTR expressing tissues and CFTR is thought to regulate HCO(3)(-) secretion at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	110-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
12225956-1	2002	Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane-bound protein that mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	82-93	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-24
12217856-1	2002	Our laboratory has previously shown that mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are defective in fluid absorption (J(v)) and HCO absorption (J(HCO3)) in the proximal tubule and develop metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	155-159	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	54-84
12217856-1	2002	Our laboratory has previously shown that mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are defective in fluid absorption (J(v)) and HCO absorption (J(HCO3)) in the proximal tubule and develop metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	155-159	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	86-90
12217856-8	2002	Addition of the iNOS-selective inhibitor L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl) lysine, reduced both J(v) and J(HCO3) significantly in wild-type, but not in iNOS knockout, mice.	Bicarbonates	95-99	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	16-20
12369822-0	2002	The down regulated in adenoma (dra) gene product binds to the second PDZ domain of the NHE3 kinase A regulatory protein (E3KARP), potentially linking intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchange to Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	165-169	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	4-35
12369822-0	2002	The down regulated in adenoma (dra) gene product binds to the second PDZ domain of the NHE3 kinase A regulatory protein (E3KARP), potentially linking intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchange to Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	165-169	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	87-91
12369822-0	2002	The down regulated in adenoma (dra) gene product binds to the second PDZ domain of the NHE3 kinase A regulatory protein (E3KARP), potentially linking intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchange to Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	165-169	SLC9A3 regulator 2	Homo sapiens	121-127
12228069-1	2002	Pendrin is an anion exchanger in the cortical collecting duct of the mammalian nephron that appears to mediate apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange in bicarbonate-secreting intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	124-128	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
12225956-1	2002	Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane-bound protein that mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	82-93	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
12228069-1	2002	Pendrin is an anion exchanger in the cortical collecting duct of the mammalian nephron that appears to mediate apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange in bicarbonate-secreting intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	144-155	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
12234015-1	2002	Human pancreatic duct cells secrete HCO3- ions mediated by a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and a HCO3- channel that may be a carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) in a channel-like conformation.	Bicarbonates	36-40	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	115-136
12228069-7	2002	We suggest that a pendrin-like transporter may contribute to apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange in gills of Atlantic stingrays from both freshwater and marine environments.	Bicarbonates	74-81	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	18-25
12399075-4	2002	AE3 is prominently expressed in the brain and performs an electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	98-109	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
12119287-9	2002	We conclude that mouse Slc26a6 has affinity for oxalate, sulfate, and HCO(3)(-) in addition to Cl(-) and formate and can function in multiple exchange modes involving pairs of these anions.	Bicarbonates	70-76	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	23-30
12358245-2	2002	Secretin is a polypeptide hormone that increases the volume and bicarbonate content of pancreatic secretions.	Bicarbonates	64-75	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
12231557-3	2002	METHODS AND RESULTS: In the presence of HCO3-, SOD3 reacted with H2O2 to produce a hydroxyl radical adduct of the spin trap 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEMPO).	Bicarbonates	40-44	superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular	Mus musculus	47-51
12353866-10	2002	These results suggest that COX-1 and cNOS play as the respective key enzyme responsible for producing PG and NO following the duodenal acidification, both of which are involved in the mechanism for the acid-induced HCO3- secretion in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	215-219	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
12353866-10	2002	These results suggest that COX-1 and cNOS play as the respective key enzyme responsible for producing PG and NO following the duodenal acidification, both of which are involved in the mechanism for the acid-induced HCO3- secretion in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	215-219	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
12234015-1	2002	Human pancreatic duct cells secrete HCO3- ions mediated by a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and a HCO3- channel that may be a carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) in a channel-like conformation.	Bicarbonates	36-40	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	138-143
12234015-3	2002	In CF cells homozygous for the deltaF508 mutation, the defect in targeting of CFTR to plasma membranes leads to a disruption in the secretion of Cl- and HCO3 ions along with a defective targeting of other proteins.	Bicarbonates	153-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
12234015-12	2002	On the basis of these observations, we propose that the absence of CA IV in apical plasma membranes due to the impairment in targeting in cells expressing a deltaAF508 CFTR largely contributes to the disruption in HCO3- secretion in CF epithelia.	Bicarbonates	214-218	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
12234015-12	2002	On the basis of these observations, we propose that the absence of CA IV in apical plasma membranes due to the impairment in targeting in cells expressing a deltaAF508 CFTR largely contributes to the disruption in HCO3- secretion in CF epithelia.	Bicarbonates	214-218	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	168-172
12145806-3	2002	In this study, we evaluate the role of NKCC1 in determining the relative rates of transepithelial Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) secretion during cAMP stimulation of the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	108-114	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	39-44
12142734-7	2002	Hence, it is possible that PC and CPS I in the centroacinar cells, intercalated duct cells, and intralobular duct cells are strongly activated and might use HCO3- ions provided by CA II and not by CA V.	Bicarbonates	157-161	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	27-29
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	182-193	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	93-96
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	182-193	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	155-159
12142734-7	2002	Hence, it is possible that PC and CPS I in the centroacinar cells, intercalated duct cells, and intralobular duct cells are strongly activated and might use HCO3- ions provided by CA II and not by CA V.	Bicarbonates	157-161	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	180-185
12081559-2	2002	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	97-108	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-56
11994299-2	2002	Cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and the cytoplasmic C-terminal tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchange (AE) proteins associate to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which maximizes the bicarbonate transport rate.	Bicarbonates	88-99	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
11994299-2	2002	Cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and the cytoplasmic C-terminal tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchange (AE) proteins associate to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which maximizes the bicarbonate transport rate.	Bicarbonates	149-160	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
11994299-2	2002	Cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and the cytoplasmic C-terminal tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchange (AE) proteins associate to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which maximizes the bicarbonate transport rate.	Bicarbonates	149-160	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
11994299-3	2002	To determine whether cell surface-anchored carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV) interacts with AE proteins to accelerate the bicarbonate transport rate, AE1-mediated bicarbonate transport was monitored in transfected HEK293 cells.	Bicarbonates	117-128	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	43-64
11994299-3	2002	To determine whether cell surface-anchored carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV) interacts with AE proteins to accelerate the bicarbonate transport rate, AE1-mediated bicarbonate transport was monitored in transfected HEK293 cells.	Bicarbonates	117-128	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
11994299-3	2002	To determine whether cell surface-anchored carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV) interacts with AE proteins to accelerate the bicarbonate transport rate, AE1-mediated bicarbonate transport was monitored in transfected HEK293 cells.	Bicarbonates	158-169	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	145-148
11994299-9	2002	We conclude that AE1 and CAIV interact on extracellular loop 4 of AE1, forming the extracellular component of a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which accelerates the rate of AE-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	112-123	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-20
11994299-9	2002	We conclude that AE1 and CAIV interact on extracellular loop 4 of AE1, forming the extracellular component of a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which accelerates the rate of AE-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	112-123	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
11994299-9	2002	We conclude that AE1 and CAIV interact on extracellular loop 4 of AE1, forming the extracellular component of a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which accelerates the rate of AE-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	112-123	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	66-69
11994299-9	2002	We conclude that AE1 and CAIV interact on extracellular loop 4 of AE1, forming the extracellular component of a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which accelerates the rate of AE-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	187-198	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-20
11994299-9	2002	We conclude that AE1 and CAIV interact on extracellular loop 4 of AE1, forming the extracellular component of a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which accelerates the rate of AE-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	187-198	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
11994299-9	2002	We conclude that AE1 and CAIV interact on extracellular loop 4 of AE1, forming the extracellular component of a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which accelerates the rate of AE-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	187-198	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	66-69
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	89-100	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	89-100	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	89-100	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-53
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Bicarbonates	89-100	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	57-63
12070220-5	2002	AST and ALT levels were lowest in the ventilated rats and highest in the bicarbonate-treated rats.	Bicarbonates	73-84	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
12096045-7	2002	Preliminary data are consistent with the hypothesis that AQP1 enhances the reabsorption of HCO3- by the renal proximal tubule by increasing the CO2 permeability of the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	91-95	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group) L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	57-61
12081559-2	2002	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	97-108	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
12131765-9	2002	In addition, the ratio correlated significantly with the maximal bicarbonate concentration and secretory volume on the secretin test.	Bicarbonates	65-76	secretin	Homo sapiens	119-127
11997322-0	2002	ERK mediates inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange and HCO(3)(-) absorption by nerve growth factor in MTAL.	Bicarbonates	51-57	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
11997322-0	2002	ERK mediates inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange and HCO(3)(-) absorption by nerve growth factor in MTAL.	Bicarbonates	51-57	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	75-94
11997322-7	2002	These results demonstrate that NGF inhibits basolateral Na(+)/H(+) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL through activation of the ERK signaling pathway.	Bicarbonates	89-95	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
12230804-9	2002	We conclude for the first time that two different acid extruders, HCO3- -independent and -dependent, were most likely the NHE and NHS, respectively, that functionally coexisted in the human ventricular cardiomyocytes.	Bicarbonates	66-70	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	122-125
12079272-4	2002	In the exocrine pancreas the CFTR plays a key role in the apical Cl(-), HCO(3)(-), and water transport in duct cells.	Bicarbonates	72-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
12028451-3	2002	Until now, luminal CA IV, a GPI-anchored isozyme, was thought to mediate most bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	78-89	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	19-24
12028451-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Luminal CA XIV may account for a substantial fraction of the bicarbonate reabsorption previously attributed to CA IV.	Bicarbonates	74-85	carbonic anhydrase 14	Mus musculus	21-27
12074349-2	2002	We further hypothesized that ligands binding to the A2AR would increase [Cl-]i by stimulating carbonic anhydrase-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	132-143	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	52-56
12027853-1	2002	BACKGROUND: This study was prompted by concern that administration of bicarbonate for correction of lactate acidosis aggravates a low intracellular pH (pHi).	Bicarbonates	70-81	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	152-155
12027853-9	2002	In the last min of rhythmic handgrip the decrease in pHi was attenuated by the administration of bicarbonate (6.60 +/- 0.11 vs. 6.40 +/- 0.12; P&lt;0.05).	Bicarbonates	97-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	53-56
12065894-8	2002	Therefore, in the present study, we provided evidence that two acid extruders involved in acid extrusion in human atrial myocytes, one which is HCO(3)(-) independent and one which is HCO(3)(-) dependent, are mostly likely NHE and NHS, respectively.	Bicarbonates	144-150	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	222-225
11934672-2	2002	Exposure of betaHC9 cells to a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-HEPES buffer (KRBH) made hypotonic by a reduction of 25 mM NaCl resulted in a prompt stimulation of insulin release.	Bicarbonates	44-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
12089597-0	2002	Protein kinase C regulation of rat jejunal transport systems: mechanisms involved in bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	85-96	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
12089597-1	2002	We examined whether protein kinase C (PKC) modulates the transport systems involved in bicarbonate movements across the plasma membranes of rat jejunum.	Bicarbonates	87-98	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	20-36
12089597-1	2002	We examined whether protein kinase C (PKC) modulates the transport systems involved in bicarbonate movements across the plasma membranes of rat jejunum.	Bicarbonates	87-98	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
12089597-5	2002	Results suggest that PKC activation exerts an inhibitory effect on the basolateral Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) antiporter, whereas the basolateral HCO(3)(-) conductive pathway seems to be stimulated and Cl(-) conductance unaffected.	Bicarbonates	89-94	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
12089597-8	2002	The inhibition of both apical Na(+)-H(+) and basolateral Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange activities suggests that the overall action of PKC causes a reduction of transepithelial bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	171-182	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
12065894-8	2002	Therefore, in the present study, we provided evidence that two acid extruders involved in acid extrusion in human atrial myocytes, one which is HCO(3)(-) independent and one which is HCO(3)(-) dependent, are mostly likely NHE and NHS, respectively.	Bicarbonates	183-189	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	222-225
11875004-2	2002	The recently discovered dra (down-regulated in adenoma) gene encodes a transport protein (DRA) for SO4(2-), Cl-, and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	117-121	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	24-27
11961491-0	2002	Insulin inhibits secretin-induced pancreatic bicarbonate output via cholinergic mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	45-56	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
11961491-1	2002	INTRODUCTION: Exogenous insulin inhibits secretin-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate output via a dose-dependent mechanism; this effect is prevented by pancreatic denervation.	Bicarbonates	72-83	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	24-31
11961491-13	2002	CONCLUSION: These data confirm that cholinergic mechanisms mediate insulin"s inhibition of secretin-induced pancreatic bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	119-130	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	67-74
11928941-9	2002	The acquired enzymatic injury resulting from the inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase V that provides bicarbonate to pyruvate carboxylase can produce tricarboxylic acid cycle damage.	Bicarbonates	112-123	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	77-97
11928941-9	2002	The acquired enzymatic injury resulting from the inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase V that provides bicarbonate to pyruvate carboxylase can produce tricarboxylic acid cycle damage.	Bicarbonates	112-123	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	127-147
12153019-3	2002	In this study, bacteria enriched from RDX-contaminated aquifer sediments consumed RDX in a defined, bicarbonate-buffered, anaerobic medium containing hydrogen as the sole electron donor and RDX as a potential electron acceptor and sole nitrogen source.	Bicarbonates	100-111	radixin	Homo sapiens	38-41
12153019-3	2002	In this study, bacteria enriched from RDX-contaminated aquifer sediments consumed RDX in a defined, bicarbonate-buffered, anaerobic medium containing hydrogen as the sole electron donor and RDX as a potential electron acceptor and sole nitrogen source.	Bicarbonates	100-111	radixin	Homo sapiens	82-85
12153019-3	2002	In this study, bacteria enriched from RDX-contaminated aquifer sediments consumed RDX in a defined, bicarbonate-buffered, anaerobic medium containing hydrogen as the sole electron donor and RDX as a potential electron acceptor and sole nitrogen source.	Bicarbonates	100-111	radixin	Homo sapiens	82-85
11934582-1	2002	Di-/tri- and especially tetrapeptides incorporating the sequence DADD present in the carboxyterminal region of the bicarbonate/chloride anion exchanger AE1 strongly activate human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme II, whereas they act as more inefficient activators of isozymes I and IV.	Bicarbonates	115-126	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	152-155
11942920-1	2002	Duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion has previously been shown to be greatly impaired in mice deficient of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	20-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	116-167
11942920-1	2002	Duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion has previously been shown to be greatly impaired in mice deficient of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	20-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	169-173
11942920-2	2002	It has been proposed that transmembranal bicarbonate transport occurs through the CFTR channel itself.	Bicarbonates	41-52	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	82-86
11934642-5	2002	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) provides the proton source for extracellular acidification by H+-ATPase and the HCO3- source for the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	109-113	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
11934642-5	2002	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) provides the proton source for extracellular acidification by H+-ATPase and the HCO3- source for the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	109-113	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
11934642-5	2002	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) provides the proton source for extracellular acidification by H+-ATPase and the HCO3- source for the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	130-134	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
11934642-5	2002	Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) provides the proton source for extracellular acidification by H+-ATPase and the HCO3- source for the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	130-134	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
11910357-5	2002	Although acute administration of corticosteroids showed no effect, treatment for 2 days with dexamethasone or budesonide increased (P &lt; 0.05) biliary bicarbonate concentration and secretion, which were blocked by the specific GcR antagonist, RU-486.	Bicarbonates	153-164	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
11961397-11	2002	CONCLUSION: This study, conducted in a prospective crossover fashion using a pyrogen-free bicarbonate dialysate in order to reduce the influence of factors other than the dialyzer membrane material, demonstrated that both the degrees of GPIIb/IIIa activation and platelet-leukocyte coaggregation were greater during hemodialysis with RC than PS.	Bicarbonates	90-101	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	237-242
11919333-3	2002	Pendrin is also expressed at the inner ear level, where it appears to be involved in the maintenance of the endolymph homeostasis in the membranous labyrinth, and in the kidney, where it mediates chloride-formate exchange and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	226-237	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
11882418-4	2002	Secretin prevented the decrease in bile flow and enhanced biliary excretions of bile acids and bicarbonate, but serum levels of TCDCA or TDCA at the end of the study showed no significant changes in the secretin group as compared with controls.	Bicarbonates	95-106	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
12027219-6	2002	NHE-3 is located at the apical membrane of proximal tubule and thick ascending limb cells, is involved in Na+ absorption, and is responsible for the majority of bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	161-172	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	0-5
12027220-1	2002	Recent molecular cloning experiments have identified the existence of four NBC isoforms (NBC1, 2, 3 and 4) and two NBC-related proteins AE4 and NCBE (Anion Exchanger 4 and Sodium-dependent Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger).	Bicarbonates	198-209	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	89-105
12027220-1	2002	Recent molecular cloning experiments have identified the existence of four NBC isoforms (NBC1, 2, 3 and 4) and two NBC-related proteins AE4 and NCBE (Anion Exchanger 4 and Sodium-dependent Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger).	Bicarbonates	198-209	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Homo sapiens	136-139
12027220-2	2002	Except for AE4 which does not transport Na, all are presumed to mediate the cotransport of Na+ and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Homo sapiens	11-14
12027220-3	2002	NBC1 is expressed on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule, is electrogenic and plays an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption in kidney proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	113-124	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
12027221-6	2002	The AE1 gene encodes eAE1 (band 3), the major intrinsic protein of the erythrocyte, as well as kAE1, the basolateral Cl/HCO3 exchanger of the acid-secreting Type A intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	120-124	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-7
12027221-6	2002	The AE1 gene encodes eAE1 (band 3), the major intrinsic protein of the erythrocyte, as well as kAE1, the basolateral Cl/HCO3 exchanger of the acid-secreting Type A intercalated cell.	Bicarbonates	120-124	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	95-99
12148867-12	2002	Subtype B mitochondria-rich cells are the most likely candidates to be affected in Pendred syndrome because of the assumed function of pendrin as apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	157-161	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	135-142
11875004-2	2002	The recently discovered dra (down-regulated in adenoma) gene encodes a transport protein (DRA) for SO4(2-), Cl-, and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	117-121	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	29-55
11875004-2	2002	The recently discovered dra (down-regulated in adenoma) gene encodes a transport protein (DRA) for SO4(2-), Cl-, and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	117-121	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	90-93
11875004-3	2002	The aim of this study was to investigate whether DRA may be the duodenal apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	84-88	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	49-52
11875004-10	2002	The strong predominance of DRA over NHE3 and NHE2 expression in duodenum was paralleled by much higher Cl-/HCO3- than Na+/H+ exchange rates in brush border membrane vesicles and likely explains the high duodenal HCO3- secretory rates.	Bicarbonates	107-111	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	27-30
11875004-10	2002	The strong predominance of DRA over NHE3 and NHE2 expression in duodenum was paralleled by much higher Cl-/HCO3- than Na+/H+ exchange rates in brush border membrane vesicles and likely explains the high duodenal HCO3- secretory rates.	Bicarbonates	107-111	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
11875004-10	2002	The strong predominance of DRA over NHE3 and NHE2 expression in duodenum was paralleled by much higher Cl-/HCO3- than Na+/H+ exchange rates in brush border membrane vesicles and likely explains the high duodenal HCO3- secretory rates.	Bicarbonates	107-111	solute carrier family 9 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
11875004-10	2002	The strong predominance of DRA over NHE3 and NHE2 expression in duodenum was paralleled by much higher Cl-/HCO3- than Na+/H+ exchange rates in brush border membrane vesicles and likely explains the high duodenal HCO3- secretory rates.	Bicarbonates	212-216	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	27-30
11875004-10	2002	The strong predominance of DRA over NHE3 and NHE2 expression in duodenum was paralleled by much higher Cl-/HCO3- than Na+/H+ exchange rates in brush border membrane vesicles and likely explains the high duodenal HCO3- secretory rates.	Bicarbonates	212-216	solute carrier family 9 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
11875004-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that DRA is the major apical anion exchanger in the duodenum as well as the colon and the likely transport protein for duodenal electroneutral HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	175-179	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	37-40
11852051-11	2002	This indicates that AE2 mediates a net Cl(-) influx with compensating HCO(3)(-) efflux during RVD.	Bicarbonates	70-77	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	20-23
11850511-14	2002	The resulting lack of competition from intracellular Cl- may therefore favour HCO3- secretion via anion conductances in the luminal membrane, possibly CFTR.	Bicarbonates	78-82	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	151-155
11788439-1	2002	Peritubular arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates bicarbonate reabsorption in the cortical distal tubule via V(1) and V(2) receptors.	Bicarbonates	49-60	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	21-32
11860373-3	2002	This study examines the effect of acetazolamide on secretin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-stimulated gallbladder mucosal bicarbonate and acid secretion.	Bicarbonates	132-143	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	96-99
11860373-8	2002	Intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin caused a secretion of bicarbonate from the gallbladder mucosa (P &lt; 0.01).	Bicarbonates	95-106	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	55-58
11860373-14	2002	Biliary CA activity has an important function in the regulation of VIP- and secretin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion across the gallbladder mucosa.	Bicarbonates	96-107	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	67-70
11812001-11	2002	However, Mcl-1 expression was reduced by the staurosporine treatment, and this reduction was recovered when the chloride-bicarbonate exchange blocker was added.	Bicarbonates	121-132	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Canis lupus familiaris	9-14
11792627-5	2002	The IL-13-enhanced response to UTP/ionomycin was sensitive to bumetanide and DIDS and was reduced in a low-chloride, bicarbonate-free solution.	Bicarbonates	117-128	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	4-9
11818226-4	2002	NHE-3 is usually expressed in the apical membrane of mammalian epithelial cells where it helps reabsorb Na(+) and HCO(3)(-); it has also been detected in teleost gills.	Bicarbonates	114-120	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	0-5
11682485-4	2002	Bicarbonate dramatically enhanced DCFH oxidation to DCF in a SOD1/H(2)O(2)/DCFH system.	Bicarbonates	0-11	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	61-65
11682485-6	2002	We propose that DCFH oxidation to DCF is a sensitive index for measuring the peroxidase activity of SOD1 and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis SOD1 mutants and that the carbonate radical anion (CO(3)) is responsible for oxidation of DCFH to DCF in the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system.	Bicarbonates	271-282	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	100-104
11682485-7	2002	Bicarbonate enhanced H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidation of DCFH to DCF by spinal cord extracts of transgenic mice expressing SOD1(G93A).	Bicarbonates	0-11	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	119-123
11914544-0	2002	Calmodulin-mediated regulation of bicarbonate and lactate transports in rat jejunum.	Bicarbonates	34-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11682485-8	2002	The SOD1/H(2)O(2)/HCO(3)(-)-dependent oxidation was mimicked by photolysis of an inorganic cobalt carbonato complex that generates CO(3).	Bicarbonates	18-25	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	4-8
11826292-6	2002	The metabolic alkalosis of congenital chloride-losing diarrhea is caused by mutations in the DRA Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger of the ileocolonic apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	103-107	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	93-96
12000228-2	2002	Urea is decomposed into ammonia and bicarbonate and the ammonia released is converted into alanine by reacting pyruvate under the catalytic action of AlaDH.	Bicarbonates	36-47	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	150-155
12440699-1	2002	Bicarbonate is important for pHi control in cardiac cells.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	29-32
12440699-3	2002	Both bicarbonate and H+/OH- transporters participate in the sarcolemmal regulation of pHi, namely Na(+)-HCO3-cotransport (NBC), Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange (i.e., anion exchange, AE), Na(+)-H+ exchange (NHE), and Cl(-)-OH- exchange (CHE).	Bicarbonates	5-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	86-89
12440699-3	2002	Both bicarbonate and H+/OH- transporters participate in the sarcolemmal regulation of pHi, namely Na(+)-HCO3-cotransport (NBC), Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange (i.e., anion exchange, AE), Na(+)-H+ exchange (NHE), and Cl(-)-OH- exchange (CHE).	Bicarbonates	5-16	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	196-199
12440699-3	2002	Both bicarbonate and H+/OH- transporters participate in the sarcolemmal regulation of pHi, namely Na(+)-HCO3-cotransport (NBC), Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange (i.e., anion exchange, AE), Na(+)-H+ exchange (NHE), and Cl(-)-OH- exchange (CHE).	Bicarbonates	104-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	86-89
11914518-8	2002	Recently, intracellular anions (chloride or bicarbonate) were found to be essential for OHC electromotility and prestin"s function.	Bicarbonates	44-55	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	112-119
12139400-7	2002	The inhibitor sensitivity of Na+-H+ exchange in renal brush-border vesicles and of HCO3- absorption in microperfused tubules suggested that NHE3 is responsible for most, if not all, apical membrane Na+-H+ exchange in the proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	83-87	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	140-144
12139400-8	2002	The role of NHE3 in mediating proximal tubule HCO3- absorption and formate-dependent Cl- absorption was confirmed by studies in NHE3 null mice.	Bicarbonates	46-50	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	12-16
11914544-2	2002	Aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of Ca(2+)/CaM on bicarbonate and lactate transports in rat jejunal enterocyte.	Bicarbonates	72-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
11914544-6	2002	However, uptake experiments suggest that Ca(2+)/CaM, and not CaMKII, inhibits both basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange and H(+)-lactate symport, whilst HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) conductances are unaffected.	Bicarbonates	101-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11914544-6	2002	However, uptake experiments suggest that Ca(2+)/CaM, and not CaMKII, inhibits both basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange and H(+)-lactate symport, whilst HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) conductances are unaffected.	Bicarbonates	153-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11914544-8	2002	CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with a Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated reduction of bicarbonate and lactate exit from jejunal enterocyte.	Bicarbonates	78-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
11786964-1	2002	In view of the occurrence of hepatobiliary disorders in cystic fibrosis (CF) this study addresses the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels in promoting HCO3- secretion in bile ductular cells.	Bicarbonates	225-229	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-165
11786964-9	2002	The observation that activation of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels can substitute for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in supporting HCO3- secretion and the efficacy of gentamicin in restoring CFTR function and HCO3- secretion in class I mutations are of potential clinical interest.	Bicarbonates	159-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-137
11786964-9	2002	The observation that activation of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels can substitute for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in supporting HCO3- secretion and the efficacy of gentamicin in restoring CFTR function and HCO3- secretion in class I mutations are of potential clinical interest.	Bicarbonates	159-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	139-143
11781354-8	2002	Addition of anti-hensin antibodies prevented the acid-induced changes in apical and basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange observed in the same cells and the corresponding suppression of HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	102-108	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	17-23
11774242-2	2002	beta-Catenin-Tcf (BCT)-dependent Wnt signaling is influenced by the short-chain fatty acid sodium butyrate, which induces growth arrest and/or maturation of colonic carcinoma cells.	Bicarbonates	18-21	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
11774242-2	2002	beta-Catenin-Tcf (BCT)-dependent Wnt signaling is influenced by the short-chain fatty acid sodium butyrate, which induces growth arrest and/or maturation of colonic carcinoma cells.	Bicarbonates	18-21	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	13-16
11781354-8	2002	Addition of anti-hensin antibodies prevented the acid-induced changes in apical and basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange observed in the same cells and the corresponding suppression of HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	185-191	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	17-23
11952098-8	2002	In the intestine, activation of GC-C results in a dual action: stimulation of Cl and HCO3 secretion, through the opening of apical CFTR Cl channels; and inhibition of Na absorption, through blockade of an apical Na/H exchanger.	Bicarbonates	85-89	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	32-36
11683638-7	2001	The uptake of Bi(III) by apo-hLF was rapid [minutes in 10 mM Hepes buffer and 5 mM bicarbonate (pH 7.4)], and almost equal in both lobes.	Bicarbonates	83-94	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	29-32
11606574-2	2001	The cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal domain of AE1, the plasma membrane chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of erythrocytes, contains a binding site for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	78-89	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-47
11606574-2	2001	The cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal domain of AE1, the plasma membrane chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of erythrocytes, contains a binding site for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	78-89	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	145-166
11606574-2	2001	The cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal domain of AE1, the plasma membrane chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of erythrocytes, contains a binding site for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	78-89	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	168-172
11606574-3	2001	To examine the physiological role of the AE1/CAII interaction, anion exchange activity of transfected HEK293 cells was monitored by following the changes in intracellular pH associated with AE1-mediated bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	203-214	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	190-193
11606574-4	2001	AE1-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange was reduced 50-60% by inhibition of endogenous carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide, which indicates that CAII activity is required for full anion transport activity.	Bicarbonates	22-33	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
11606574-4	2001	AE1-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange was reduced 50-60% by inhibition of endogenous carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide, which indicates that CAII activity is required for full anion transport activity.	Bicarbonates	22-33	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
11606574-10	2001	The interaction of CAII with AE1 forms a transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex involved in regulation of bicarbonate metabolism and transport.	Bicarbonates	115-126	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
11606574-10	2001	The interaction of CAII with AE1 forms a transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex involved in regulation of bicarbonate metabolism and transport.	Bicarbonates	115-126	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-32
11804207-0	2001	Compulsory hyperventilation and hypocapnia of patients with Leigh syndrome associated with SURF1 gene mutations as a cause of low serum bicarbonates.	Bicarbonates	136-148	SURF1 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor	Homo sapiens	91-96
11804207-9	2001	In the affected child maintained on a respirator, simple manipulation of the inspired CO2 tension to establish a normal pressure of 35-45 mmHg automatically caused an increase of serum HCO3- concentration to a normal value of 26.3+/-2.9 mmol/L (and BE to +2.2+/-3.1 mmol/L), in spite of cytochrome oxidase (COX) deficiency due to a confirmed SURF1 mutation.	Bicarbonates	185-189	SURF1 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor	Homo sapiens	342-347
11739292-0	2001	Molecular basis for angiotensin II-induced increase of chloride/bicarbonate exchange in the myocardium.	Bicarbonates	64-75	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	20-34
11738645-2	2001	pH(i) recovery from acidification is mediated by Na(+)/H(+) exchange in all medullary neurons and pH(i) recovery from alkalinization is mediated by Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in most medullary neurons.	Bicarbonates	154-160	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	0-5
11738645-2	2001	pH(i) recovery from acidification is mediated by Na(+)/H(+) exchange in all medullary neurons and pH(i) recovery from alkalinization is mediated by Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in most medullary neurons.	Bicarbonates	154-160	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	98-103
11738646-3	2001	Maneuvers altering intra- and/or extracellular pH (pH(o)) such as hypercapnia, bicarbonate-withdrawal, or ammonium pre-pulses, evoked well defined changes of the neuronal pH(i).	Bicarbonates	79-90	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
11738646-4	2001	During hypercapnia (pH(o) 7.0) or bicarbonate-withdrawal (pH(o) 7.4) most ventrolateral neurons adopted a pH(i) which was &lt; or = 0.2 pH units below the steady state pH(i), while signs of pH(i)-regulation occurred only in a small fraction of neurons.	Bicarbonates	34-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
11758832-15	2001	After acid challenge, mucus secretion decreases, blood flow slows, and pHi returns to normal, the latter occurring via apical bicarbonate extrusion, increasing bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	126-137	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	71-74
11798149-15	2001	The influence of intradialytic REMP increase linked to K+ removal also concerns the correction of metabolic acidosis: the acquired bicarbonate during dialysis increases on reducing removal K+ gradient.	Bicarbonates	131-142	solute carrier family 16 member 8	Homo sapiens	31-35
11592950-1	2001	The human NBC1 gene encodes two electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransport proteins, pNBC1 and kNBC1, which are candidate proteins for mediating electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransport in ocular cells.	Bicarbonates	52-63	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
11592950-1	2001	The human NBC1 gene encodes two electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransport proteins, pNBC1 and kNBC1, which are candidate proteins for mediating electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransport in ocular cells.	Bicarbonates	52-63	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
11672441-1	2001	The human erythrocyte anion-exchanger isoform 1 (AE1) is a dimeric membrane protein that exchanges chloride for bicarbonate across the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	112-123	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-52
11682397-6	2001	Blockade of NHE1 by the potent antagonist, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (1 microM), abolished the protective effects of small concentrations of propofol (1 microM) and alpha-tocopherol (40 microM) on glutamate uptake during oxidative stress in bicarbonate-free medium.	Bicarbonates	249-260	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	12-16
11703600-0	2001	Coordinated down-regulation of NBC-1 and NHE-3 in sodium and bicarbonate loading.	Bicarbonates	61-72	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
11703600-0	2001	Coordinated down-regulation of NBC-1 and NHE-3 in sodium and bicarbonate loading.	Bicarbonates	61-72	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
11703600-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidney proximal tubule is predominantly mediated via the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-3) and basolateral Na+: HCO(-3) cotransporter (NBC-1).	Bicarbonates	12-23	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
11703600-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidney proximal tubule is predominantly mediated via the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-3) and basolateral Na+: HCO(-3) cotransporter (NBC-1).	Bicarbonates	12-23	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	149-175
11703600-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidney proximal tubule is predominantly mediated via the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-3) and basolateral Na+: HCO(-3) cotransporter (NBC-1).	Bicarbonates	12-23	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	177-182
11546657-2	2001	After total O(2) deprivation or anoxia (PO(2) approximately equal to 0 Torr), a large increase in pH(i) was seen in CA1 neurons in HEPES buffer, but a drop in pH(i), albeit small, was observed in the presence of HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	212-218	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	98-103
11559776-0	2001	Bicarbonate and fluid secretion evoked by cholecystokinin, bombesin and acetylcholine in isolated guinea-pig pancreatic ducts.	Bicarbonates	0-11	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	42-57
11551844-1	2001	For estimating the oxidation rates (Rox) of glucose and other substrates by use of (13)C-labeled tracers, we obtained correction factors to account for label dilution in endogenous bicarbonate pools and TCA cycle exchange reactions.	Bicarbonates	181-192	MAX network transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	36-39
11461912-9	2001	Cu,Zn-SOD plus H(2)O(2) caused the HCO(3)(-)-dependent oxidation of DCF, casting doubt on the validity of using DCF oxidation as a reliable measure of intracellular H(2)O(2) production.	Bicarbonates	35-44	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
11562789-1	2001	The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC1) is essential for bicarbonate transport across plasma membranes in epithelial and nonepithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	11-22	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
11559776-11	2001	Secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin each stimulated HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent fashion.	Bicarbonates	61-65	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	10-25
11562789-7	2001	All but AE4 are presumed to mediate the cotransport of Na+ and HCO(3-) under normal conditions and may be functionally altered in certain pathologic states.	Bicarbonates	63-70	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Homo sapiens	8-11
11559776-11	2001	Secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin each stimulated HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent fashion.	Bicarbonates	61-65	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	27-30
11562789-8	2001	NBC1 shows a limited tissue expression pattern, is electrogenic and plays an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption in kidney proximal tubule.	Bicarbonates	95-106	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
11559776-16	2001	The CCK analogue JMV-180 (Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-phenylethyl ester), which is an agonist of the high-affinity CCK1 receptor but an antagonist of the low-affinity receptor, also stimulated HCO3- secretion but with a smaller maximal effect than CCK.	Bicarbonates	199-203	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	4-7
11562789-9	2001	In addition to the kidney, NBC1 is expressed in pancreatic duct cells, is activated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and plays an important role in HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	177-181	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
11562789-12	2001	The NBC-related protein called NCBE mediates Na-dependent, Cl-/Bicarbonate Exchange.	Bicarbonates	63-74	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	31-35
11559776-16	2001	The CCK analogue JMV-180 (Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-phenylethyl ester), which is an agonist of the high-affinity CCK1 receptor but an antagonist of the low-affinity receptor, also stimulated HCO3- secretion but with a smaller maximal effect than CCK.	Bicarbonates	199-203	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	121-124
11559776-17	2001	JMV-180 partially inhibited the response to a high concentration of CCK but not to a lower concentration, suggesting that both high- and low-affinity states of the CCK1 receptor evoke HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	184-188	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	68-71
11559776-24	2001	We conclude that CCK, bombesin and ACh stimulate the secretion of a HCO3--rich fluid by direct actions on the interlobular ducts of the guinea-pig pancreas and that these responses are mediated by CCK1 receptors, GRP receptors and muscarinic cholinoceptors, respectively.	Bicarbonates	68-72	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	17-20
11580336-4	2001	As c increases from the bct ground state, the local field initially decreases rapidly towards the isotropic value at the body-centered cubic lattice, decreases further, reaching a minimum value and increases, passing through the isotropic value again at an intermediate lattice, reaches a maximum value and finally decreases to the fcc value.	Bicarbonates	24-27	steroid sulfatase	Homo sapiens	0-4
11547349-9	2001	With no QA(+) in the DF, J(HCO3) was approximately 58 pmole cm(-2) sec(-1).	Bicarbonates	27-31	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	67-73
11547349-12	2001	Introducing 100 mm inhibitor into the DF reduced J(HCO3) to approximately 20 pmole cm(-2) sec(-1) for tetramethylammonium (TMA(+)), approximately 24 for TEA(+), approximately 10 for tetrapropylammonium (TPA(+)), and virtually zero for tetrabutylammonium (TBA(+)).	Bicarbonates	51-55	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	90-96
11408268-0	2001	Human duodenal mucosal brush border Na(+)/H(+) exchangers NHE2 and NHE3 alter net bicarbonate movement.	Bicarbonates	82-93	solute carrier family 9 member A2	Homo sapiens	58-62
11408268-0	2001	Human duodenal mucosal brush border Na(+)/H(+) exchangers NHE2 and NHE3 alter net bicarbonate movement.	Bicarbonates	82-93	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	67-71
11435462-6	2001	In addition, up to 80% of amiloride-insensitive pH(i) recovery from acid load in the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) was inhibited by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a specific hammerhead ribozyme against NBC-1, consistent with a major role of NBC-1 in overall HCO(3)-transport by the lens epithelium.	Bicarbonates	97-106	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	201-206
11423561-8	2001	This localization strongly suggests that CLC-K2 confers the basolateral conductance in the type A intercalated cells where Cl(-) is taken up by the anion exchanger in exchange for HCO(3)(-) at the basolateral membranes.	Bicarbonates	180-186	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	41-47
11435462-6	2001	In addition, up to 80% of amiloride-insensitive pH(i) recovery from acid load in the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) was inhibited by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a specific hammerhead ribozyme against NBC-1, consistent with a major role of NBC-1 in overall HCO(3)-transport by the lens epithelium.	Bicarbonates	97-106	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	240-245
11435462-6	2001	In addition, up to 80% of amiloride-insensitive pH(i) recovery from acid load in the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) was inhibited by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a specific hammerhead ribozyme against NBC-1, consistent with a major role of NBC-1 in overall HCO(3)-transport by the lens epithelium.	Bicarbonates	97-103	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	201-206
11435462-6	2001	In addition, up to 80% of amiloride-insensitive pH(i) recovery from acid load in the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) was inhibited by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a specific hammerhead ribozyme against NBC-1, consistent with a major role of NBC-1 in overall HCO(3)-transport by the lens epithelium.	Bicarbonates	97-103	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	240-245
11875261-0	2001	Functional interactions of HCO3- with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Bicarbonates	27-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-89
11875265-3	2001	Recent functional and molecular studies indicate a major role for a basolateral electrogenically-driven Na(+):HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC1) in mediating the transport of HCO(3)(-) into the duct cells.	Bicarbonates	110-116	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	135-139
11875261-2	2001	CFTR is also required for HCO(3)(-) transport in many tissues such as the lungs, gastro-intestinal tract, and pancreas, although the exact role CFTR plays is uncertain.	Bicarbonates	26-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
11875266-0	2001	Cl(-)-dependent HCO3- transport by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Bicarbonates	16-20	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	35-86
11875253-8	2001	The present work will focus on the roles of CA II and CA IV in transepithelial proton secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption processes.	Bicarbonates	100-111	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
11875266-6	2001	The mechanism of HCO(3)(-) secretion by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expressing cells is not well understood.	Bicarbonates	17-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-91
11875261-5	2001	Ion selectivity studies shows that CFTR is between 3-5 times more selective for Cl(-) over HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	91-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	35-39
11875266-6	2001	The mechanism of HCO(3)(-) secretion by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expressing cells is not well understood.	Bicarbonates	17-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-97
11875266-7	2001	In the present communication we discuss results suggesting that CFTR itself can transport large amounts of HCO(3)(-) and that HCO(3)(-) transport by CFTR is mediated by a coupled, Cl(-)-dependent process that is different from a simple HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	107-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-68
11875256-1	2001	Together, the Na(+)-coupled HCO(3)(-) transporters and the AE family of anion exchangers (i.e., Cl-HCO3 exchangers) comprise the bicarbonate transporter (BT) superfamily.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	129-152
11875256-1	2001	Together, the Na(+)-coupled HCO(3)(-) transporters and the AE family of anion exchangers (i.e., Cl-HCO3 exchangers) comprise the bicarbonate transporter (BT) superfamily.	Bicarbonates	99-103	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	154-156
11875258-8	2001	Whether CFTR, or another anion conductance, provides such a pathway for HCO(3)(-) remains to be seen.	Bicarbonates	72-78	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	8-12
11875266-7	2001	In the present communication we discuss results suggesting that CFTR itself can transport large amounts of HCO(3)(-) and that HCO(3)(-) transport by CFTR is mediated by a coupled, Cl(-)-dependent process that is different from a simple HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	126-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
11875261-6	2001	In addition, extracellular HCO(3)(-) has a novel inhibitory effect on cAMP-stimulated CFTR currents carried by Cl(-).	Bicarbonates	27-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
11875266-7	2001	In the present communication we discuss results suggesting that CFTR itself can transport large amounts of HCO(3)(-) and that HCO(3)(-) transport by CFTR is mediated by a coupled, Cl(-)-dependent process that is different from a simple HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	126-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
11875267-3	2001	Experiments with stripped rabbit duodenum in Ussing-chambers revealed that Na(+)HCO(3)(-) cotransport (NBC) and CO(2) hydration/Na(+)/H(+) exchange were equally important duodenal HCO(3)(-) supply pathways and were both upregulated during cAMP-mediated secretion.	Bicarbonates	80-89	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	103-106
11875267-8	2001	We conclude that, depending on the intestinal segment, NBC1 plays an important role in basolateral HCO(3)(-) or Cl(-) uptake.	Bicarbonates	99-106	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	55-59
11875259-5	2001	Experimental data suggests that HCO(3)(-) secretion occurs via apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers working in parallel with Cl(-) channels (CFTR and calcium activated chloride channels, CaCC).	Bicarbonates	32-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
11875259-5	2001	Experimental data suggests that HCO(3)(-) secretion occurs via apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers working in parallel with Cl(-) channels (CFTR and calcium activated chloride channels, CaCC).	Bicarbonates	32-38	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	184-188
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-106
11875268-6	2001	c) How is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) involved in bicarbonate secretion?	Bicarbonates	85-96	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	14-65
11875261-8	2001	These data show that luminal HCO(3)(-) acts as a potent regulator of CFTR, and suggests that inhibition involves an external anion-binding site on the channel.	Bicarbonates	29-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
11875268-6	2001	c) How is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) involved in bicarbonate secretion?	Bicarbonates	85-96	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	67-71
11875262-0	2001	Selective activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- and HCO3- conductances.	Bicarbonates	84-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-75
11875268-11	2001	The role of CFTR in bicarbonate secretion remains equivocal.	Bicarbonates	20-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	12-16
11875268-12	2001	Much evidence suggests that CFTR can act as a channel for HCO(3)(-) ions as well as Cl(-) ions, while others propose a parallel arrangement of CFTR with a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger is necessary.	Bicarbonates	58-64	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	28-32
11875262-1	2001	While cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is well known to function as a Cl(-) channel, some mutations in the channel protein causing cystic fibrosis (CF) disrupt another vital physiological function, HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	224-230	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	6-57
11875268-12	2001	Much evidence suggests that CFTR can act as a channel for HCO(3)(-) ions as well as Cl(-) ions, while others propose a parallel arrangement of CFTR with a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger is necessary.	Bicarbonates	58-63	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	28-32
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
11875262-1	2001	While cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is well known to function as a Cl(-) channel, some mutations in the channel protein causing cystic fibrosis (CF) disrupt another vital physiological function, HCO(3)(-) transport.	Bicarbonates	224-230	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-26	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	243-265
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-26	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	267-271
11875269-2	2001	In the intestinal segment downstream from the stomach (i.e., the duodenum), CFTR plays an important role in bicarbonate secretion that protects the epithelium from acidic gastric effluent.	Bicarbonates	108-119	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	76-80
11875269-3	2001	In this report, we examine the role of CFTR in cAMP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in the murine duodenum and the mechanisms of acid-base transport that are revealed in CFTR knockout (CF) mice.	Bicarbonates	63-74	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	39-43
11875269-4	2001	Ion substitution, channel blocker and pH stat studies comparing duodena from wild-type and CF mice indicate that CFTR mediates a HCO(3)(-) conductance across the apical membrane of the epithelium.	Bicarbonates	129-135	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	113-117
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-106
11875262-7	2001	Further, the HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) selectivity of CFTR appears to be dependent on the conditions of stimulating CFTR.	Bicarbonates	13-19	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-48
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-25	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	243-265
11875269-5	2001	In the presence of a favorable cell-to-lumen HCO(3)(-) gradient, the CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) current accounts for about 80% of stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	45-51	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	69-73
11875269-5	2001	In the presence of a favorable cell-to-lumen HCO(3)(-) gradient, the CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) current accounts for about 80% of stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	83-89	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	69-73
11875262-7	2001	Further, the HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) selectivity of CFTR appears to be dependent on the conditions of stimulating CFTR.	Bicarbonates	13-19	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-110
11875269-5	2001	In the presence of a favorable cell-to-lumen HCO(3)(-) gradient, the CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) current accounts for about 80% of stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	83-89	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	69-73
11875269-11	2001	Studies to identify the proteins involved in non-CFTR mediated HCO(3)(-) secretion are on-going and potentially will provide targets to correct deficient HCO(3)(-) secretion in the CF intestine.	Bicarbonates	63-69	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	49-53
11875260-3	2001	In pancreatic ducts HCO(3)(-) secretion is mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activated luminal Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity and HCO(3)(-) absorption is achieved by Na(+)-dependent mechanisms including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3).	Bicarbonates	20-25	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	267-271
11875272-14	2001	By analogy with organ-specific CFTR effects on Cl(-) transport, it seems likely that the relative importance of CFTR in HCO(3)(-) transport will also vary across organs.	Bicarbonates	120-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	112-116
11875262-8	2001	That is, CFTR activated by cAMP + ATP appears to conduct both HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) (with an estimated selectivity ratio of 0.2 to 0.5).	Bicarbonates	62-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
11875262-10	2001	Glutamate activated CFTR can be induced to conduct HCO(3)(-) by the addition of ATP without cAMP.	Bicarbonates	51-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-24
11875262-12	2001	We also found that a heterozygous R117H/DeltaF508 CFTR sweat duct retained significant HCO(3)(-) conductance while a homozygous DeltaF508 CFTR duct showed virtually no HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	87-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	50-54
11875262-12	2001	We also found that a heterozygous R117H/DeltaF508 CFTR sweat duct retained significant HCO(3)(-) conductance while a homozygous DeltaF508 CFTR duct showed virtually no HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	87-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	50-54
11875272-17	2001	CFTR is highly expressed in serous cells of submucosal glands and the Calu-3 serous cell model secretes HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	104-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
11875262-14	2001	That is physiologically, CFTR may exhibit Cl(-) conductance with and/or without HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	80-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
11875262-15	2001	We also surmise that the severity of the pathogenesis in CF is closely related to the phenotypic ability of a mutant CFTR to express a HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	135-141	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-121
11423665-3	2001	Here, we show that voltage sensitivity is conferred to prestin by the intracellular anions chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	104-115	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	55-62
11875274-6	2001	These data suggest that cAMP agonists can stimulate HCO(3)(-) secretion across airway epithelia and that CFTR may provide a conductive pathway for HCO(3)(-) movement across the apical membrane.	Bicarbonates	147-153	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	105-109
11875275-1	2001	In gastrointestinal tissues, cumulative evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggests a role for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in apical epithelial bicarbonate conductance.	Bicarbonates	192-203	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	112-163
11875275-1	2001	In gastrointestinal tissues, cumulative evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggests a role for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in apical epithelial bicarbonate conductance.	Bicarbonates	192-203	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	165-169
11414818-0	2001	Bicarbonate as a proton donor in catalysis by Zn(II)- and Co(II)-containing carbonic anhydrases.	Bicarbonates	0-11	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	58-63
11414818-3	2001	Upon increasing the concentration of bicarbonate, the rate of release of H(2)(18)O increased in a saturable manner to a maximum of 4 x 10(5) s(-)(1), consistent with proton transfer from bicarbonate to the Co(II)-bound hydroxide.	Bicarbonates	37-48	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	206-211
11414818-3	2001	Upon increasing the concentration of bicarbonate, the rate of release of H(2)(18)O increased in a saturable manner to a maximum of 4 x 10(5) s(-)(1), consistent with proton transfer from bicarbonate to the Co(II)-bound hydroxide.	Bicarbonates	187-198	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	206-211
11278980-3	2001	In the present work, we used molecular, biochemical, and functional approaches to study the regulatory interaction between CFTR and the HCO3- salvage mechanism Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) in heterologous expression systems and in the native pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	160-186
11278980-2	2001	Although CFTR plays a prominent role in HCO3- secretion, the role of CFTR in HCO3- salvage is not known.	Bicarbonates	40-44	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	9-13
11419902-0	2001	Differential effects of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors on the expression, translation and function of the Na+-H+ exchanger and Na+-HCO3- symporter in the rat heart after myocardial infarction.	Bicarbonates	134-138	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
11394881-3	2001	Binding to GC-C results in generation of cGMP, activation of type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase, phosphorylation of CFTR and increased chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	151-162	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	11-15
11278980-3	2001	In the present work, we used molecular, biochemical, and functional approaches to study the regulatory interaction between CFTR and the HCO3- salvage mechanism Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) in heterologous expression systems and in the native pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	136-140	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	188-192
11278980-2	2001	Although CFTR plays a prominent role in HCO3- secretion, the role of CFTR in HCO3- salvage is not known.	Bicarbonates	77-81	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	69-73
11278980-3	2001	In the present work, we used molecular, biochemical, and functional approaches to study the regulatory interaction between CFTR and the HCO3- salvage mechanism Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) in heterologous expression systems and in the native pancreatic duct.	Bicarbonates	136-140	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	123-127
11278980-11	2001	These findings reveal that CFTR controls overall HCO3- homeostasis by regulating both pancreatic ductal HCO3- secretory and salvage mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	49-53	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	27-31
11278980-11	2001	These findings reveal that CFTR controls overall HCO3- homeostasis by regulating both pancreatic ductal HCO3- secretory and salvage mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	104-108	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	27-31
11417219-3	2001	The present studies were undertaken to discover whether the NHE isoform involved is NHE-3, which is known to mediate Na+ and HCO3- absorption in renal tubules.	Bicarbonates	125-129	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
11417219-8	2001	These findings are thus consistent with the possibility that NHE-3 in the epididymal duct is involved in luminal Na+ and/or HCO3- absorption, as in the renal proximal tubule, and thereby in the regulation of sperm motility and maturation.	Bicarbonates	124-128	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
11260402-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Based on its distribution and electroneutrality, we propose that kNBC-3 mediates the transport of HCO3- into the cells.	Bicarbonates	111-116	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	78-84
11285365-4	2001	In contrast, Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity in 786-O VHL cells was 50% lower than in 786-O Neo cells.	Bicarbonates	19-25	von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	56-59
11274445-0	2001	Pendrin, encoded by the Pendred syndrome gene, resides in the apical region of renal intercalated cells and mediates bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	117-128	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
11139574-1	2001	In the present work, we characterized H(+) and HCO3- transport mechanisms in the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) ducts of wild type, NHE2-/-, NHE3-/-, and NHE2-/-;NHE3-/- double knock-out mice.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	136-140
11139574-7	2001	Notably, the acinar cell NBC3 variants transported HCO3- but not OH(-).	Bicarbonates	51-55	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	25-29
11139574-8	2001	By contrast, duct cell NBC3 transported both OH(-) and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	55-59	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7	Mus musculus	23-27
11260417-0	2001	Bicarbonate/lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solution increases cancer antigen 125 and decreases hyaluronic acid levels.	Bicarbonates	0-11	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	65-83
11274445-7	2001	Furthermore, pendrin was detected exclusively within the subpopulation of intercalated cells that express the H(+)-ATPase but not the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) and that are thought to mediate bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	190-201	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	13-20
11274445-11	2001	Together, these studies indicate that pendrin is an apical anion transporter in intercalated cells of CCDs and has an essential role in renal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	142-153	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	38-45
11159005-1	2001	The purposes of this study were to determine 1) the presence of the major ion transport activities that regulate cytoplasmic pH (pH(c)) in cat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, i.e., Na+/H+ and the Na+-dependent and -independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange, 2) whether pH(c) changes in cells from small (SPAs) and large (LPAs) pulmonary arteries during hypoxia, and 3) whether changes in pH(c) are due to changes in the balance of exchange activities.	Bicarbonates	237-241	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	129-134
11284200-7	2001	These results suggest that activation of anion channels (mainly the CFTR Cl- channel located in luminal membranes) and production of cytosolic HCO3- induce the inward anion current and resulting depolarization.	Bicarbonates	143-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
11208611-8	2001	Expression studies in HEK-293 cells demonstrated that pendrin functions in the Cl-/OH-, Cl-/HCO3-, and Cl-/formate exchange modes.	Bicarbonates	92-96	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	54-61
11242048-0	2001	Aberrant CFTR-dependent HCO3- transport in mutations associated with cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	24-28	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
11242048-5	2001	Indeed, CFTR regulates other transporters, including Cl(-)-coupled HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	67-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
11242048-8	2001	We have examined Cl(-)-coupled HCO3- transport by CFTR mutants that retain substantial or normal Cl- channel activity.	Bicarbonates	31-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	50-54
11316259-0	2001	Secretin stimulates HCO3(-) and acetate efflux but not Na+/HCO3(-) uptake in rat pancreatic ducts.	Bicarbonates	20-24	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
11316259-9	2001	In contrast, in experimental alkalosis the pHi recovery was increased in HCO3(-)/CO2 buffer, possibly due to Na+/HCO3(-) cotransport in the efflux mode.	Bicarbonates	73-77	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
11316259-9	2001	In contrast, in experimental alkalosis the pHi recovery was increased in HCO3(-)/CO2 buffer, possibly due to Na+/HCO3(-) cotransport in the efflux mode.	Bicarbonates	113-117	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
11316259-10	2001	Secretin (1 nM) and carbachol (1 microM) stimulated HCO3(-) efflux, which can account for the observed HCO3(-) concentrations in rat pancreatic juice.	Bicarbonates	52-56	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
11316259-10	2001	Secretin (1 nM) and carbachol (1 microM) stimulated HCO3(-) efflux, which can account for the observed HCO3(-) concentrations in rat pancreatic juice.	Bicarbonates	103-107	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
11342000-0	2001	The phorbol ester PMA and cyclic AMP activate different Cl(-) and HCO3(-) fluxes in C127 cells expressing CFTR.	Bicarbonates	66-70	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	106-110
11208611-9	2001	The conclusion is that pendrin is an apical Cl-/base exchanger in the kidney proximal tubule and CCD and mediates Cl-/OH-, Cl-/HCO3-, and Cl-/formate exchange.	Bicarbonates	127-131	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	23-30
11159005-4	2001	SPAs and LPAs possessed all three transport activities; in HCO3- containing normoxic solutions, Cl-/HCO3- exchange rather than Na+/H+ exchange set the level of pH(c); in HCO3- containing hypoxic solutions, pH(c) increased in SPA and decreased in LPA cells; altering the baseline pH(c) of a cell type to that of the other did not change the direction of the pH(c) response during hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	59-63	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	0-3
11159005-4	2001	SPAs and LPAs possessed all three transport activities; in HCO3- containing normoxic solutions, Cl-/HCO3- exchange rather than Na+/H+ exchange set the level of pH(c); in HCO3- containing hypoxic solutions, pH(c) increased in SPA and decreased in LPA cells; altering the baseline pH(c) of a cell type to that of the other did not change the direction of the pH(c) response during hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	100-104	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	160-165
11159005-4	2001	SPAs and LPAs possessed all three transport activities; in HCO3- containing normoxic solutions, Cl-/HCO3- exchange rather than Na+/H+ exchange set the level of pH(c); in HCO3- containing hypoxic solutions, pH(c) increased in SPA and decreased in LPA cells; altering the baseline pH(c) of a cell type to that of the other did not change the direction of the pH(c) response during hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	100-104	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	0-3
11159005-4	2001	SPAs and LPAs possessed all three transport activities; in HCO3- containing normoxic solutions, Cl-/HCO3- exchange rather than Na+/H+ exchange set the level of pH(c); in HCO3- containing hypoxic solutions, pH(c) increased in SPA and decreased in LPA cells; altering the baseline pH(c) of a cell type to that of the other did not change the direction of the pH(c) response during hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	100-104	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	160-165
11159005-4	2001	SPAs and LPAs possessed all three transport activities; in HCO3- containing normoxic solutions, Cl-/HCO3- exchange rather than Na+/H+ exchange set the level of pH(c); in HCO3- containing hypoxic solutions, pH(c) increased in SPA and decreased in LPA cells; altering the baseline pH(c) of a cell type to that of the other did not change the direction of the pH(c) response during hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	100-104	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	0-3
11159005-5	2001	The absence of Na+ prevented hypoxia-induced alkalinization in SPA cells; in both cell types, inhibiting the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities reversed the normal direction of pH(c) changes during hypoxia.	Bicarbonates	113-117	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	172-177
11116277-8	2001	The role of CFTR in bicarbonate secretion has not yet been established with certainty, but correction of the defect in bicarbonate secretion may be important in clinical treatment of the disease.	Bicarbonates	20-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-16
11160790-6	2001	AE1 contributes to urinary acidification by providing the major exit route for HCO3- across the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	79-83	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
11358363-0	2001	K:Cl cotransport activity is inhibited by HCO3- in knockout mouse red cells expressing human HbC.	Bicarbonates	42-46	keratin 88, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	93-96
11358366-1	2001	The erythrocyte Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger (AE1, Band 3) and the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyze interconnected processes involved in bicarbonate metabolism.	Bicarbonates	141-152	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-54
11358366-3	2001	CAII is thereby positioned at the cytosolic surface of the membrane, ideally placed to catalyze CO2 hydration and to channel bicarbonate to or from the anion exchanger.	Bicarbonates	125-136	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
11246424-8	2001	These results suggest a role for CFTR in controlling pHo and complement recent evidence that HCO3- dependent epithelial secretion may be reduced in amount and altered in composition in CF.	Bicarbonates	93-97	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	33-37
11275678-4	2001	In many systems NHE operates in parallel to Cl(-)/ HCO3(-) exchange, resulting in cellular uptake of NaCl.	Bicarbonates	51-55	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	16-19
11887802-0	2001	Interleukin-6 levels decrease in effluent from patients dialyzed with bicarbonate/lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions.	Bicarbonates	70-81	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-13
11595432-0	2001	Bicarbonate stimulatory action of nizatidine, a histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist, in rat duodenums.	Bicarbonates	0-11	histamine receptor H 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-71
11135448-7	2001	An inward-rectifying anion channel has also been identified, which is closely related to ClC-2 channels, and has a significant HCO(3)(-) permeability.	Bicarbonates	127-133	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	89-94
11152726-3	2001	Here, we show that the characteristic theta activity in adult rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells is associated with GABAergic postsynaptic depolarization and a shift of the reversal potential from Cl(-) toward HCO(3)(-) (whose ionic gradient is regulated by carbonic anhydrase).	Bicarbonates	211-217	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
11118347-6	2000	Bicarbonate (25 mM) also decreased the ability of catechin, epicatechin, quercetin and ferulic acid but not chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid and o-coumaric acid to inhibit peroxynitrite-mediated alpha(1)-antiproteinase inactivation.	Bicarbonates	0-11	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	206-229
11980185-5	2001	Incubation in a capacitation-inducing medium (bicarbonate-containing modified Brackett-Oliphant medium; mBO) for &lt; 30 min effected capacitation readily, more markedly in ampullary-isthmic junction samples than in samples from the uterotubal junction, thereby indicating that uncapacitated spermatozoa responded to the addition of the effector bicarbonate at concentrations similar to those recorded in the periovulatory ampullary-isthmic junction in vivo.	Bicarbonates	46-57	ubiquitin specific peptidase 53	Mus musculus	104-107
11980185-5	2001	Incubation in a capacitation-inducing medium (bicarbonate-containing modified Brackett-Oliphant medium; mBO) for &lt; 30 min effected capacitation readily, more markedly in ampullary-isthmic junction samples than in samples from the uterotubal junction, thereby indicating that uncapacitated spermatozoa responded to the addition of the effector bicarbonate at concentrations similar to those recorded in the periovulatory ampullary-isthmic junction in vivo.	Bicarbonates	346-357	ubiquitin specific peptidase 53	Mus musculus	104-107
11121027-9	2000	These observations suggest a role for CA XII in CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) homeostasis in cells in which it is normally expressed.	Bicarbonates	54-60	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	38-44
11149111-7	2000	Mutation analysis of the AE1 gene coding for the renal Cl-/HCO3(-)-exchanger AE1 displayed a heterozygous Arg589Cys exchange in both patients but not in the healthy family members.	Bicarbonates	59-63	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	25-28
11131345-3	2000	A homozygous G to A transition at nucleotide 1,678 in the basolateral kidney type Na+/HCO3- (kNBC) cotransporter gene SLC4A4, which is critical in HCO3- resorption in renal proximal tubules, was identified.	Bicarbonates	86-90	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	118-124
11095641-1	2000	Immunofluorescence analysis has revealed that electrogenic Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) (NBC1) is expressed in the proximal tubule of rat kidney and in the proximal and distal tubules of the salamander AMBYSTOMA: tigrinum kidney.	Bicarbonates	65-71	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
11149111-7	2000	Mutation analysis of the AE1 gene coding for the renal Cl-/HCO3(-)-exchanger AE1 displayed a heterozygous Arg589Cys exchange in both patients but not in the healthy family members.	Bicarbonates	59-63	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-80
11045980-6	2000	Bicarbonate enhanced the inactivation of purified mitochondrial aconitase in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, generating superoxide.	Bicarbonates	0-11	aconitase 2	Homo sapiens	50-73
10993873-3	2000	We show here the primary structure, tissue distribution, and functional characterization of Na(+)-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (designated NCBE) cloned from the insulin-secreting cell line MIN6 cDNA library.	Bicarbonates	114-125	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	148-152
11063570-11	2000	The binding of the basic amino-terminal region of CAII to an acidic Ct in AE1 provides a structural basis for linking bicarbonate transport across the cell membrane to intracellular bicarbonate metabolism.	Bicarbonates	118-129	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
11063570-11	2000	The binding of the basic amino-terminal region of CAII to an acidic Ct in AE1 provides a structural basis for linking bicarbonate transport across the cell membrane to intracellular bicarbonate metabolism.	Bicarbonates	118-129	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-77
11063570-11	2000	The binding of the basic amino-terminal region of CAII to an acidic Ct in AE1 provides a structural basis for linking bicarbonate transport across the cell membrane to intracellular bicarbonate metabolism.	Bicarbonates	182-193	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
11063570-11	2000	The binding of the basic amino-terminal region of CAII to an acidic Ct in AE1 provides a structural basis for linking bicarbonate transport across the cell membrane to intracellular bicarbonate metabolism.	Bicarbonates	182-193	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-77
11045947-6	2000	During anoxia in bicarbonate buffer, cells developed acidosis and intracellular Na and Ca (Na(i) and Ca(i), respectively) overload.	Bicarbonates	17-28	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
11199364-2	2000	The aim of the present study was to investigate if the gastric acid neutralization products CO2 (from secreted HCO3) and NO (from reduced salivary nitrite) could act as intermediate messengers between luminal acidity and the inhibition of peptone-induced gastrin release.	Bicarbonates	111-115	gastrin	Homo sapiens	255-262
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Homo sapiens	71-78
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	88-95
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	104-107
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	114-121
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	244-251
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Bicarbonates	193-204	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	253-260
11063570-1	2000	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) possesses a binding site for an acidic motif (D887ADD) within the carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	165-176	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
11063570-1	2000	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) possesses a binding site for an acidic motif (D887ADD) within the carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	165-176	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
11063570-1	2000	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) possesses a binding site for an acidic motif (D887ADD) within the carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	165-176	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	194-197
11029286-0	2000	Effect of HCO(3)(-) on TPA- and IBMX-induced anion conductances in Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	10-16	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	23-26
11029286-2	2000	In HCO(3)(-)-free media, activation of PKC via 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) depolarized apical membrane potential (V(a)) and decreased fractional apical voltage ratio (F(R)).	Bicarbonates	3-12	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	85-88
11029286-4	2000	In HCO(3)(-) media, TPA induced significantly greater changes in V(a) and F(R).	Bicarbonates	3-9	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	20-23
11029286-10	2000	Because these changes were independent of mucosal Na(+) and Cl(-), it is suggested that TPA and IBMX induce a transient increase in apical HCO(3)(-) conductance.	Bicarbonates	139-145	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	88-91
11053051-12	2000	The results revealed DIDS-sensitive, Na- and HCO(3)(-)-dependent net acid extrusion only in the ISOM but not in mid-inner medulla, which is consistent with the immunolocalization of NBC(N)1.	Bicarbonates	45-52	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	182-189
11052990-10	2000	This indicates that AE1 encodes surface cell-specific aldosterone-regulated Cl/HCO(3) exchange, whereas DRA encodes aldosterone-insensitive Cl/OH exchange.	Bicarbonates	79-85	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
11067971-1	2000	High-voltage-activated calcium currents (HVA) of CA1 neurons are prominently attenuated following a switch from HEPES-buffered solution to one buffered with CO(2)/HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	163-169	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
11053257-0	2000	Ca2+-activated Cl- channels can substitute for CFTR in stimulation of pancreatic duct bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	86-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
11053257-1	2000	This study addresses the mechanisms by which a defect in CFTR impairs pancreatic duct bicarbonate secretion in cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	86-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
11029292-8	2000	Further studies examined the interaction between hyposmolality and vasopressin, which inhibits HCO(3)(-) absorption in the MTAL via cAMP and often is involved in the development of plasma hyposmolality in clinical disorders.	Bicarbonates	95-101	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	67-78
11206712-0	2000	Calcium and bicarbonate ions mediate the inhibition of mast cell histamine release by Avene spa water.	Bicarbonates	12-23	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	92-95
11032910-2	2000	In liver, it participates in ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis by providing bicarbonate ions for two other mitochondrial enzymes: carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and pyruvate carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	74-85	pyruvate carboxylase	Mus musculus	164-184
11032910-8	2000	In astrocytes, CA V may play an important role in gluconeogenesis by providing bicarbonate ions for the pyruvate carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	79-90	carbonic anhydrase 5a, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	15-19
11032910-8	2000	In astrocytes, CA V may play an important role in gluconeogenesis by providing bicarbonate ions for the pyruvate carboxylase.	Bicarbonates	79-90	pyruvate carboxylase	Mus musculus	104-124
11032910-10	2000	CA V may also participate in bicarbonate ion-induced GABA responses by regulating the bicarbonate homeostasis in neurons, and its inhibition could be the basis of some neurotropic effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.	Bicarbonates	29-40	carbonic anhydrase 5a, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	0-4
11032910-10	2000	CA V may also participate in bicarbonate ion-induced GABA responses by regulating the bicarbonate homeostasis in neurons, and its inhibition could be the basis of some neurotropic effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.	Bicarbonates	86-97	carbonic anhydrase 5a, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	0-4
11067990-0	2000	Effect of extracellular HCO(3)(-) on Na(+) channel characteristics in hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Bicarbonates	24-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	82-85
11067990-1	2000	The effect of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) on membrane properties of isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons was studied with the use of the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique.	Bicarbonates	14-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	77-80
11067990-3	2000	In the current-clamp mode, HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) significantly hyperpolarized CA1 neurons by more than 10 mV and decreased their input resistance.	Bicarbonates	27-34	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	72-75
11067990-8	2000	We conclude that HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) decreases the intrinsic excitability of CA1 neurons by altering not only the passive properties of the neuronal membranes but also by changing several characteristics of the fast Na(+) current, including activation and inactivation kinetics as well as the recovery from inactivation and deactivation.	Bicarbonates	17-26	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	73-76
11042382-0	2000	Differed preferential iron-binding lobe in human transferrin depending on the presence of bicarbonate detected by HPLC/high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.	Bicarbonates	90-101	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
11044227-4	2000	RESULTS: In perfused TALs, 0.5 mmol/L L-arginine (L-Arg), the substrate for NO synthase, significantly lowered J(HCO3)(-) from 35.4 +/- 4.6 to 23.2 +/- 2.9 pmol.	Bicarbonates	113-117	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
11044227-12	2000	After removing L-Arg from the bath, J(HCO3)(-) increased from 26.2 +/- 3.9 to 34.8 +/- 3.2 pmol.	Bicarbonates	38-42	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
11205049-4	2000	The physiological concentrations of both luminal CO2/HCO3- and acetic acid/acetate acidified pHi significantly, but less than when applied from the basolateral side.	Bicarbonates	53-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
11205049-11	2000	The basolateral transporters involved in pHi recovery are probably the EIPA- and HOE694-inhibitable (IC50=0.2 and 2 micromol/l, respectively) Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 and the DIDS-inhibitable Na+-dependent HCO3- importer.	Bicarbonates	203-207	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
11042382-4	2000	When Fe was added as Fe-citrate stepwise to an apo-Tf solution in the presence of bicarbonate, the N-lobe site was the preferential Fe-binding site, while the C-lobe site was preferred in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	82-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-53
11005757-5	2000	Ion-replacement studies demonstrated that the forskolin response in the NKCC1 -/- jejuna was HCO(3)(-) dependent, whereas in the normal jejuna it was independent of the HCO(3)(-) concentration in the buffer.	Bicarbonates	93-98	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	72-77
11005757-7	2000	Ion-substitution studies suggested that basolateral HCO(3)(-) as well as Cl(-) entry (via non-NKCC1) paths played a role in the NKCC1 -/- secretory response.	Bicarbonates	52-59	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	128-133
11039470-8	2000	The peak bicarbonate concentration (mean +/- SD) obtained by using biologic porcine secretin and synthetic porcine secretin were 70 +/- 25 mEq/L and 68 +/- 31 mEq/L, respectively (p = 0.58, paired t test; R = 0.964).	Bicarbonates	9-20	secretin	Homo sapiens	84-92
10998665-2	2000	In the field of intestinal secretion, research on the secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic ducts and duodenal epithelia in cystic fibrosis revealed the crucial role of chloride channel (CFTR) in the control of activity of other transporters involved in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	67-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	188-192
10998665-2	2000	In the field of intestinal secretion, research on the secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic ducts and duodenal epithelia in cystic fibrosis revealed the crucial role of chloride channel (CFTR) in the control of activity of other transporters involved in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	255-266	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	188-192
11076105-6	2000	Other variables that were significantly associated with PTH on univariate analysis included age, African American race, Kt/V, and the serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	182-193	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	56-59
11039470-8	2000	The peak bicarbonate concentration (mean +/- SD) obtained by using biologic porcine secretin and synthetic porcine secretin were 70 +/- 25 mEq/L and 68 +/- 31 mEq/L, respectively (p = 0.58, paired t test; R = 0.964).	Bicarbonates	9-20	secretin	Homo sapiens	115-123
11016642-1	2000	The enteric peptides, guanylin and uroguanylin, are local regulators of intestinal secretion by activation of receptor-guanylate cyclase (R-GC) signaling molecules that produce cyclic GMP (cGMP) and stimulate the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent secretion of Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	296-301	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	22-30
11006093-1	2000	The molecular organization of the AE2 (SLC4A2) gene, a member of the multigene family encoding sodium-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers, has previously been described in both humans and rats.	Bicarbonates	123-134	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
11006093-1	2000	The molecular organization of the AE2 (SLC4A2) gene, a member of the multigene family encoding sodium-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers, has previously been described in both humans and rats.	Bicarbonates	123-134	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	39-45
11016642-1	2000	The enteric peptides, guanylin and uroguanylin, are local regulators of intestinal secretion by activation of receptor-guanylate cyclase (R-GC) signaling molecules that produce cyclic GMP (cGMP) and stimulate the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent secretion of Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	296-301	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	35-46
10942706-0	2000	Vibrio cholerae ACE stimulates Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) secretion in T84 cells in vitro.	Bicarbonates	54-61	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	16-19
10827195-10	2000	Our functional data suggest this Na(+) driven anion exchanger (NDAE1) is responsible for the Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange activity characterized in neurons, kidney, and fibroblasts.	Bicarbonates	115-121	Na[+]-driven anion exchanger 1	Drosophila melanogaster	63-68
10966931-0	2000	Defective fluid and HCO(3)(-) absorption in proximal tubule of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-knockout mice.	Bicarbonates	20-26	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	63-93
10966931-4	2000	In nNOS-knockout mice, the urinary excretion of HCO(3)(-) was significantly higher than in the wild-type mice (3.12 +/- 0.52 vs. 1.	Bicarbonates	48-54	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	3-7
10966931-6	2000	Both arterial blood HCO(3)(-) concentration (20.7 vs. 25.7 mM) and blood pH (7.27 vs. 7.34) were lower, indicating a significant metabolic acidosis in nNOS-knockout mice.	Bicarbonates	20-26	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	151-155
10966931-10	2000	Mice without this isozyme are defective in absorption of fluid and HCO(3)(-) in the proximal tubule and develop metabolic acidosis, suggesting that nNOS plays an important role in the regulation of acid-base balance.	Bicarbonates	67-73	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	148-152
10966933-8	2000	We propose that NBC-1 likely mediates enhanced HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in proximal tubule, mTAL, and inner medullary collecting duct in K(+) deprivation and contributes to the maintenance of metabolic alkalosis in this condition.	Bicarbonates	47-53	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
11005360-1	2000	Gastrointestinal side effects from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) result mainly from inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-1; it is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which leads to increased mucosal blood flow, increased bicarbonate secretion, and mucus production, thus protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa.	Bicarbonates	261-272	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	125-147
11007312-3	2000	In the presence of HCO3-/CO2 another pHi recovery process, dependent on Na+ but independent of Cl-, was identified.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	37-40
10940382-6	2000	Bicarbonate retarded formation of ONOO-, suggesting that .NO competes with bicarbonate for the oxidant SOD-Cu2+-.OH.	Bicarbonates	0-11	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
10940382-6	2000	Bicarbonate retarded formation of ONOO-, suggesting that .NO competes with bicarbonate for the oxidant SOD-Cu2+-.OH.	Bicarbonates	75-86	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
10933369-5	2000	As the index of sarcolemmal NHE activity, the rate of H+ efflux at a pHi of 6.90 J(H6.9)) was determined after the induction of intracellular acidosis in bicarbonate-free medium.	Bicarbonates	154-165	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	28-31
10930376-0	2000	Role of Na(+)HCO(3)(-) cotransporter NBC1, Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE1, and carbonic anhydrase in rabbit duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	112-123	electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	8-36
10945502-4	2000	Indeed, IL-15 treatment partly inhibited skeletal muscle wasting in AH-130-bearing rats by decreasing (8-fold) protein degradative rates (as measured by 14C-bicarbonate pre-loading of muscle proteins) to values even lower than those observed in non-tumour-bearing animals.	Bicarbonates	157-168	interleukin 15	Rattus norvegicus	8-13
10966281-3	2000	These increases in PVR can be ablated by inducing an alkalosis with hyperventilation (HV) or bicarbonate therapy.	Bicarbonates	93-104	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	19-22
10930376-7	2000	However, inhibition of both Na(+)HCO(3)(-) cotransport and either carbonic anhydrase or NHE1 strongly reduced DeltaJ(HCO3-).	Bicarbonates	117-121	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	88-92
10947864-3	2000	The sequences of PTHrP C-terminal to its PTH-like region confer functions such as transplacental calcium transport, renal bicarbonate excretion and in vitro osteoclast inhibition.	Bicarbonates	122-133	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	17-22
10947864-3	2000	The sequences of PTHrP C-terminal to its PTH-like region confer functions such as transplacental calcium transport, renal bicarbonate excretion and in vitro osteoclast inhibition.	Bicarbonates	122-133	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	17-20
10933369-5	2000	As the index of sarcolemmal NHE activity, the rate of H+ efflux at a pHi of 6.90 J(H6.9)) was determined after the induction of intracellular acidosis in bicarbonate-free medium.	Bicarbonates	154-165	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	69-72
11038050-1	2000	Illumination increased markedly the affinity to bicarbonate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) in leaves of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., a C4 plant.	Bicarbonates	48-59	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	96-100
10981498-1	2000	We have been studying CFTR channels in guinea pig pancreatic duct cells and rather surprisingly found that luminal HCO3- had a pronounced inhibitory effect on cAMP-activated CFTR chloride currents.	Bicarbonates	115-119	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	22-26
10981498-1	2000	We have been studying CFTR channels in guinea pig pancreatic duct cells and rather surprisingly found that luminal HCO3- had a pronounced inhibitory effect on cAMP-activated CFTR chloride currents.	Bicarbonates	115-119	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	174-178
10981498-4	2000	Although we have not identified how HCO3- is able to block CFTR our data suggests that an external anion-binding site on the channel itself is involved.	Bicarbonates	36-40	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	59-63
10981498-5	2000	Overall, our results show that luminal HCO3- acts as a potent inhibitor of CFTR channels (and by inference CFTR-mediated secretion), under normal physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	39-43	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	75-79
10981498-5	2000	Overall, our results show that luminal HCO3- acts as a potent inhibitor of CFTR channels (and by inference CFTR-mediated secretion), under normal physiological conditions.	Bicarbonates	39-43	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	107-111
11001172-7	2000	PGE2 worked as a mediator of febrile responses to both endogenous and exogenous pyrogens and as a regulator of bicarbonate secretion induced by acid-stimulation in the duodenum via the EP3.	Bicarbonates	111-122	prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3)	Mus musculus	185-188
11038050-2	2000	When leaves were illuminated, the apparent Km for (HCO3-) of PEPC decreased by about 50% concurrent with a 2- to 5-fold increase in Vmax and 3- to 4-fold increase in Ki for malate.	Bicarbonates	51-55	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	61-65
11038050-5	2000	Further, in vitro phosphorylation of purified dark-form PEPC by protein kinase A (PKA) decreased the apparent Km (HCO3-) of the enzyme, in addition increasing Ki (malate) as expected.	Bicarbonates	114-118	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	56-60
11038050-7	2000	These results suggest that phosphorylation of the enzyme is important during the sensitization of PEPC to HCO3- by illumination in C4 leaves.	Bicarbonates	106-110	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	98-102
11038050-8	2000	Since illumination is expected to increase the cytosolic pH and the availability of dissolved HCO3- in mesophyll cells, the sensitization by light of PEPC to HCO3- could be physiologically quite significant.	Bicarbonates	94-98	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	150-154
11038050-8	2000	Since illumination is expected to increase the cytosolic pH and the availability of dissolved HCO3- in mesophyll cells, the sensitization by light of PEPC to HCO3- could be physiologically quite significant.	Bicarbonates	158-162	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Zea mays	150-154
10898717-0	2000	CFTR induces the expression of DRA along with Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity in tracheal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	52-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
10894785-6	2000	Peritubular HCO(3)(-) exit is via a conductive pathway and via the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	12-18	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
10894785-6	2000	Peritubular HCO(3)(-) exit is via a conductive pathway and via the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, AE1.	Bicarbonates	12-17	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
10894785-9	2000	Model calculations indicate that if all of the chloride entry via AE1 recycles across a peritubular chloride channel and if this channel is anything other than highly selective for chloride, then it should conduct a substantial fraction of the bicarbonate exit.	Bicarbonates	244-255	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
10898717-12	2000	We propose that the tracheal HCO(3)(-) secretion defect in patients with CF is partly due to the downregulation of the apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity mediated by DRA.	Bicarbonates	29-35	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	172-175
10898755-1	2000	The loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated transepithelial HCO(3)(-) secretion contributes to the pathogenesis of pancreatic and biliary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.	Bicarbonates	96-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-63
10898755-1	2000	The loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated transepithelial HCO(3)(-) secretion contributes to the pathogenesis of pancreatic and biliary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.	Bicarbonates	96-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-69
10898717-12	2000	We propose that the tracheal HCO(3)(-) secretion defect in patients with CF is partly due to the downregulation of the apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity mediated by DRA.	Bicarbonates	29-34	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	172-175
11007380-0	2000	Insulin efficacy with a new bicarbonate/lactate peritoneal dialysis solution.	Bicarbonates	28-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
10887057-1	2000	Sustained administration of growth hormone (GH) to human subjects with NH(4)Cl-induced chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) results in a large (4.5+/-0.5 mmol/l) increase in the plasma HCO(3-) concentration, as mediated by a large increase in renal net acid excretion.	Bicarbonates	181-188	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	28-42
10887057-1	2000	Sustained administration of growth hormone (GH) to human subjects with NH(4)Cl-induced chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) results in a large (4.5+/-0.5 mmol/l) increase in the plasma HCO(3-) concentration, as mediated by a large increase in renal net acid excretion.	Bicarbonates	181-188	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	44-46
10959824-1	2000	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP and cGMP-regulated chloride channel critical to the regulation of intestinal fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	171-182	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	4-55
10959824-1	2000	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP and cGMP-regulated chloride channel critical to the regulation of intestinal fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	171-182	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	57-61
11087115-11	2000	In comparison with other members of the bicarbonate transport superfamily, NBC4a and NBC4b are most similar structurally to the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporters (NBC1).	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	176-180
10825295-3	2000	Analysis of the composition of the bicarbonate extract revealed the presence of the secretory lectin ZG16p, the serpin ZG46p and the GPI-linked glycoprotein GP-2, together with several unknown proteins, and small amounts of lipase and carboxylester lipase.	Bicarbonates	35-46	zymogen granule protein 16	Rattus norvegicus	84-106
10923352-6	2000	A highly significant negative correlation was observed between predialysis bicarbonate levels (within a range of 16-30 mmol/L, 95% of this population) and nPCR confirmed by analysis of variance using bicarbonate classes (p &lt; 0.0001).	Bicarbonates	75-86	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	155-159
10923352-6	2000	A highly significant negative correlation was observed between predialysis bicarbonate levels (within a range of 16-30 mmol/L, 95% of this population) and nPCR confirmed by analysis of variance using bicarbonate classes (p &lt; 0.0001).	Bicarbonates	200-211	nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein	Homo sapiens	155-159
10833480-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: The duodenum is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelium with high bicarbonate secretory capacity.	Bicarbonates	132-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-92
10833480-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: The duodenum is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelium with high bicarbonate secretory capacity.	Bicarbonates	132-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
10833480-2	2000	We aimed to define the role of CFTR in human duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion in normal (NL) subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).	Bicarbonates	65-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-35
10833494-0	2000	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator currents in guinea pig pancreatic duct cells: inhibition by bicarbonate ions.	Bicarbonates	112-123	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	0-51
10833494-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channels play an important role in HCO(3)(-) secretion by pancreatic duct cells (PDCs).	Bicarbonates	123-129	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	23-74
10833494-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channels play an important role in HCO(3)(-) secretion by pancreatic duct cells (PDCs).	Bicarbonates	123-129	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	76-80
10833494-2	2000	Our aims were to characterize the CFTR conductance of guinea pig PDCs and to establish whether CFTR is regulated by HCO(3)(-).	Bicarbonates	116-122	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	95-99
10833494-10	2000	Because these conductances are coexpressed and exhibit similar characteristics (anion selectivity, pharmacology, and HCO(3)(-) inhibition), we conclude that CFTR underlies them both.	Bicarbonates	117-122	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	157-161
10833494-11	2000	The inhibition of CFTR by HCO(3)(-) has implications for the current model of pancreatic ductal HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	26-32	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	18-22
10833494-11	2000	The inhibition of CFTR by HCO(3)(-) has implications for the current model of pancreatic ductal HCO(3)(-) secretion.	Bicarbonates	96-102	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	18-22
10854572-0	2000	Role of bicarbonate ion in mediating decreased synaptic conductance in benzodiazepine tolerant hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.	Bicarbonates	8-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
10858318-6	2000	N-Nitrosation of morpholine (1-10 mM) at pH 7.4-7.5 by the (*)NO-donor compounds PAPA NONOate and MAMA NONOate (0.5 mM each) was not affected by the presence of large amounts of HCO(3)(-) (up to 100 mM) in aerated aqueous solution.	Bicarbonates	178-184	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
10858318-8	2000	In agreement with data from the study cited above, (*)NO/O(2)-mediated formation of N-nitrosomorpholine (NO-Mor) was indeed inhibited by about 45% in the presence of 50 mM HCO(3)(-) at pH 8.9.	Bicarbonates	172-178	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
10857862-4	2000	Instead, an impaired pHc recovery by both the H+-ATPase and the alkalinizing Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange was observed.	Bicarbonates	95-99	solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, phosphate carrier), member 3	Mus musculus	21-24
10857862-6	2000	Dexamethasone treatment caused a reduction of pHc also in a HCO3--containing solution, suggesting that acid extrusion by both the H+-ATPase and Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange is important for maintenance and regulation of macrophage resting pHc.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, phosphate carrier), member 3	Mus musculus	46-49
10857862-6	2000	Dexamethasone treatment caused a reduction of pHc also in a HCO3--containing solution, suggesting that acid extrusion by both the H+-ATPase and Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange is important for maintenance and regulation of macrophage resting pHc.	Bicarbonates	162-166	solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, phosphate carrier), member 3	Mus musculus	46-49
10850716-4	2000	When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, NBCn1-B (which encodes 1,218 amino acids) is electroneutral, Na+-dependent and HCO3(-)-dependent, but not Cl(-)-dependent.	Bicarbonates	114-118	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	35-40
10825295-3	2000	Analysis of the composition of the bicarbonate extract revealed the presence of the secretory lectin ZG16p, the serpin ZG46p and the GPI-linked glycoprotein GP-2, together with several unknown proteins, and small amounts of lipase and carboxylester lipase.	Bicarbonates	35-46	glycoprotein 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
10799477-2	2000	The effect of bicarbonate anion (HCO(3)(-)) on the peroxidase activity of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was investigated using three structurally different probes: 5, 5"-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), tyrosine, and 2, 2"-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS).	Bicarbonates	14-31	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
10799477-2	2000	The effect of bicarbonate anion (HCO(3)(-)) on the peroxidase activity of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was investigated using three structurally different probes: 5, 5"-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), tyrosine, and 2, 2"-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS).	Bicarbonates	33-39	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
10799477-6	2000	We postulate that HCO(3)(-) enhances SOD1 peroxidase activity via formation of a putative carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	18-27	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
10799477-7	2000	This new and different perspective on HCO(3)(-)-mediated oxidative reactions of SOD1 may help us understand the free radical mechanism of SOD1 and related mutants linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	Bicarbonates	38-45	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
10799477-7	2000	This new and different perspective on HCO(3)(-)-mediated oxidative reactions of SOD1 may help us understand the free radical mechanism of SOD1 and related mutants linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	Bicarbonates	38-45	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
10820026-0	2000	Identification of the carbonic anhydrase II binding site in the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger AE1.	Bicarbonates	70-76	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	22-43
10820026-0	2000	Identification of the carbonic anhydrase II binding site in the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger AE1.	Bicarbonates	70-76	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	96-99
10820026-1	2000	The human Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger (AE1) possesses a binding site within its 33 residue carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	16-21	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-46
10820026-1	2000	The human Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger (AE1) possesses a binding site within its 33 residue carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	16-21	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	129-150
10820026-1	2000	The human Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger (AE1) possesses a binding site within its 33 residue carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	16-21	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
10820026-10	2000	Tethering of CAII to an acidic motif within the Ct of anion exchangers may be a general mechanism for promoting bicarbonate transport across cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	112-123	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
10880878-1	2000	Secretin stimulates bicarbonate secretion from pancreatic duct cells, but what influence secretin exerts on intestinal tissues remains to be clarified.	Bicarbonates	20-31	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
10806233-1	2000	It has been a common practice to assay phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) under high, nonphysiological concentrations of Mg(2+) and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	136-147	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	39-70
10806233-1	2000	It has been a common practice to assay phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) under high, nonphysiological concentrations of Mg(2+) and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	136-147	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	72-76
10839360-5	2000	This suggests EphB2 may regulate ionic homeostasis and endolymph fluid production through macromolecular associations with membrane channels that transport chloride, bicarbonate, and water.	Bicarbonates	166-177	Eph receptor B2	Mus musculus	14-19
10766454-1	2000	Administration of exogenous insulin (INS) inhibits secretin-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate (HCO3) output via a dose-dependent, neurally mediated mechanism.	Bicarbonates	82-93	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	28-35
10766454-1	2000	Administration of exogenous insulin (INS) inhibits secretin-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate (HCO3) output via a dose-dependent, neurally mediated mechanism.	Bicarbonates	95-99	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	28-35
10720958-2	2000	Functional and molecular studies indicate that HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubules is mediated via luminal H(+)-ATPase and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-3), and basolateral Na+:HCO3- cotransporter (NBC) acting in series.	Bicarbonates	47-51	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	126-149
10684820-6	2000	These results, when interpreted along with those of previous functional studies, may suggest that the apical NHE2 is involved in Na(+) reabsorption and the basolateral NHE1 in HCO(3)(-) secretion in the rat epididymis.	Bicarbonates	176-182	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
10746996-2	2000	Exposure to ET-1 (10 nmol/L) raised pH(i) by 0.13+/-0.03 U (P&lt;0.05) in papillary muscles superfused with nominally HCO(3)(-)-free solution, whereas no significant change was detected under CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-buffered medium.	Bicarbonates	118-127	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
10746996-2	2000	Exposure to ET-1 (10 nmol/L) raised pH(i) by 0.13+/-0.03 U (P&lt;0.05) in papillary muscles superfused with nominally HCO(3)(-)-free solution, whereas no significant change was detected under CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-buffered medium.	Bicarbonates	198-207	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
10746996-3	2000	However, if ET-1 was applied to muscles pretreated with the anion exchanger inhibitor 4-acetamido-4"-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2, 2"-disulfonic acid, pH(i) increased by 0.09+/-0.02 U (P&lt;0.05) in the presence of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) buffer.	Bicarbonates	218-224	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
10746996-4	2000	The rate of pH(i) recovery from trimethylamine hydrochloride-induced intracellular alkaline load was enhanced so that net HCO(3) efflux increased about three times in the presence of ET-1 (2.74+/-0.25 versus 9.66+/-1.29 mmol.	Bicarbonates	122-128	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	183-187
10718446-4	2000	This disease is characterized by abnormalities in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which normally conducts bicarbonate and chloride exchange.	Bicarbonates	131-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-105
10720958-13	2000	Enhanced NBC and NHE-3 activities could result in increased HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubule and could contribute to the maintenance of metabolic alkalosis in pathophysiologic states associated with increased glucocorticoid production.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
10662737-12	2000	This suggests that NBC3 plays an important role in modulating bicarbonate transport in the connecting tubule and collecting duct.	Bicarbonates	62-73	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
10755466-10	2000	Intravenous injection of a rabbit anti-secretin serum, which rendered plasma secretin almost undetectable in rat plasma, also abolished Fr 3-stimulated pancreatic secretion of fluid and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	186-197	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	39-47
10673550-5	2000	In the presence of HCO3-, muscarinic stimulation caused a rapid decrease in pHi (0.24 +/- 0.02 pH units) followed by a slow recovery rate (0.042 +/- 0.002 pH units min-1) to the initial resting pHi in sublingual acinar cells.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	76-79
10673550-5	2000	In the presence of HCO3-, muscarinic stimulation caused a rapid decrease in pHi (0.24 +/- 0.02 pH units) followed by a slow recovery rate (0.042 +/- 0.002 pH units min-1) to the initial resting pHi in sublingual acinar cells.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	194-197
10741469-9	2000	Our results indicate that, depending on the nephron segment and corresponding cell types, AE1 and AE2 proteins are differentially involved in the Na+-independent exchange of Cl- for HCO3- at the basolateral membrane of polarized kidney epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	182-186	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	90-93
10741469-9	2000	Our results indicate that, depending on the nephron segment and corresponding cell types, AE1 and AE2 proteins are differentially involved in the Na+-independent exchange of Cl- for HCO3- at the basolateral membrane of polarized kidney epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	182-186	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	98-101
11193561-3	2000	Functional studies have suggested that a Na+HCO3- cotransport system, similar but not identical to the well-characterized Na+HCO3- cotransporter in the basolateral membrane of the kidney proximal tubule, is present in duodenal and colonic enterocytes, pancreatic ducts cells, and gastric cells and involved in HCO3- uptake from the interstitium.	Bicarbonates	44-48	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	122-144
10652014-5	2000	Specifically, NBC-1 may be up-regulated in metabolic acidosis and potassium depletion and in response to glucocorticoid excess and may be down-regulated in response to HCO3- loading or alkalosis.	Bicarbonates	168-172	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
10652014-7	2000	NBC is activated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and plays an important role in HCO3- secretion in the agonist-stimulated state in pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	110-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
10618662-5	2000	Bicarbonate stimulates cAMP levels within 1 min in a dose-dependent fashion, prior to parallel increases in merocyanine binding.	Bicarbonates	0-11	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	23-27
10652030-8	2000	An analysis of pHi responses to bath HCO3- reduction revealed that DA, SKF 38393 (a DA1 agonist), and adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) inhibited the basolateral Na+:HCO3- cotransporter in rabbit and Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY), if its transport stoichiometry was converted to 3 HCO3-:1 Na+ by DMEM plus NE incubation.	Bicarbonates	37-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	15-18
10652030-8	2000	An analysis of pHi responses to bath HCO3- reduction revealed that DA, SKF 38393 (a DA1 agonist), and adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) inhibited the basolateral Na+:HCO3- cotransporter in rabbit and Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY), if its transport stoichiometry was converted to 3 HCO3-:1 Na+ by DMEM plus NE incubation.	Bicarbonates	176-180	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	15-18
10652030-8	2000	An analysis of pHi responses to bath HCO3- reduction revealed that DA, SKF 38393 (a DA1 agonist), and adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) inhibited the basolateral Na+:HCO3- cotransporter in rabbit and Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY), if its transport stoichiometry was converted to 3 HCO3-:1 Na+ by DMEM plus NE incubation.	Bicarbonates	176-180	RT1 class II, locus Da	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
10845107-6	2000	The result is activation of CFTR and/or C1C-2 channel proteins to enhance the electrogenic secretion of chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	117-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
11424569-8	2000	It has been shown that addition of 5-20 mM HCO3 exacerbated calcium paradox of the heart, elevated myoglobin release from 4.92 +/- 0.57 mcg/g dry weight to 11.3 +/- 1.6 mcg/g dry weight.	Bicarbonates	43-47	myoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	99-108
11060443-1	2000	Secretin is an endocrine hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic fluids.	Bicarbonates	66-77	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
11328653-1	2000	The human AE1 anion exchanger gene SLC4A1 encodes the Cl-/HCO3-exchangers of the erythrocyte and the Type Acid-secreting intercalated cell basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	58-62	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-13
11328653-1	2000	The human AE1 anion exchanger gene SLC4A1 encodes the Cl-/HCO3-exchangers of the erythrocyte and the Type Acid-secreting intercalated cell basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	58-62	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	35-41
11424569-9	2000	An inhibitor of HCO3/Cl exchange, 10 mcM L-644,711 depressed elevation of myoglobin release to 4.8 +/- 1.05 mcg/g dry weight.	Bicarbonates	16-20	myoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
10611158-8	2000	DBcAMP-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion was closely linked to active Cl(-) secretion because HCO(3)(-) secretion was substantially reduced by removal of bath Cl(-), by addition of bath bumetanide, an inhibitor of Na-K-2Cl cotransport and Cl(-) secretion, and by addition of lumen NPPB, a Cl(-) channel inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	18-24	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	278-282
10630942-6	2000	Secretin alone decreased salivary flow rate and bicarbonate concentration, whereas secretin supplemented with cerulein not only decreased salivary flow rate, bicarbonate concentration, and bicarbonate output but also increased protein concentration.	Bicarbonates	158-169	secretin	Homo sapiens	83-91
11140614-4	2000	The mechanism of antitumor action with these sulfonamides is unknown, but it might involve either inhibition of several CA isozymes (such as CA IX, CA XII, CA XIV) predominantly present in tumor cells, a reduced provision of bicarbonate for the nucleotide synthesis (mediated by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II), the acidification of the intracellular milieu as a consequence of CA inhibition or uncoupling of mitochondria and potent CA V inhibition among others.	Bicarbonates	225-236	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	436-440
10607769-10	2000	Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that changes in BUN, haematocrit and plasma bicarbonate were significant predictive factors for the change in insulin resistance.	Bicarbonates	89-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
10630942-6	2000	Secretin alone decreased salivary flow rate and bicarbonate concentration, whereas secretin supplemented with cerulein not only decreased salivary flow rate, bicarbonate concentration, and bicarbonate output but also increased protein concentration.	Bicarbonates	158-169	secretin	Homo sapiens	83-91
11043915-5	2000	From this measurement and from the arterial bicarbonate concentration gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) can be calculated, assuming that bicarbonate concentration in the gastric mucosal tissue is in equilibrium with systemic arterial bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	44-55	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	95-98
11043915-5	2000	From this measurement and from the arterial bicarbonate concentration gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) can be calculated, assuming that bicarbonate concentration in the gastric mucosal tissue is in equilibrium with systemic arterial bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	133-144	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	95-98
11043915-5	2000	From this measurement and from the arterial bicarbonate concentration gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) can be calculated, assuming that bicarbonate concentration in the gastric mucosal tissue is in equilibrium with systemic arterial bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	133-144	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	95-98
10707899-3	1999	In nominally bicarbonate-free (Hepes-buffered) medium, a marked pHi recovery from internal acid load was seen which could be blocked completely by 30 microM HOE 694, a specific Na+-H+ exchanger isoform 1(NHE-1) inhibitor, at a pHi above 6.9.	Bicarbonates	13-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
10707899-5	1999	After internal acid loading in completely Cl--free bicarbonate-buffered medium (containing HOE 694), the rates of pHi recovery and transient Na+ influx were considerably slowed, and the Cl--dependent acid extrusion was both Na+- and 4,4-diisothiocyano-stilbene-disulphonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive.	Bicarbonates	51-62	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
10641739-0	1999	On the role of bicarbonate in peroxidations catalyzed by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase.	Bicarbonates	15-26	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	57-83
10587523-2	1999	In the renal medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL), transepithelial bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) absorption is mediated by apical membrane Na(+)/H(+) exchange, attributable to NHE3.	Bicarbonates	68-79	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
10587523-2	1999	In the renal medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL), transepithelial bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) absorption is mediated by apical membrane Na(+)/H(+) exchange, attributable to NHE3.	Bicarbonates	81-87	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
10575026-7	1999	Bicarbonate protected TH from ONOO(-)-induced inactivation and sulfhydryl oxidation but increased significantly tyrosine nitration.	Bicarbonates	0-11	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	22-24
10545179-1	1999	AE1, the chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, is highly sensitive to inhibition by stilbene disulfonate compounds such as DIDS (4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2"-disulfonate) and DNDS (4,4"-dinitrostilbene-2,2"-disulfonate).	Bicarbonates	18-29	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
10548554-1	1999	Plasma membrane Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion-exchange (AE) proteins contribute to regulation of intracellular pH (pH(i)).	Bicarbonates	22-28	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	107-112
10669038-8	1999	These observations suggest that increased bicarbonate secretion produced by synthetic trypsin inhibitors in CCK-A-receptor-deficient rats may not be due to secretin but due to ONO-3403 in the circulation.	Bicarbonates	42-53	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	108-122
10547300-1	1999	Iron uptake by transferrin from triacetohydroxamatoFe(III) (Fe(AHA)3) in the presence of bicarbonate has been investigated between pH 7 and 8.2.	Bicarbonates	89-100	transferrin	Homo sapiens	15-26
10579270-1	1999	OBJECTIVES: To determine the accuracy of intramucosal pH (pHi) calculated using arterial bicarbonate instead of mucosal capillary bicarbonate in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.	Bicarbonates	89-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	58-61
10506152-5	1999	In HCO(3)(-)-containing solution, the rate of intracellular pH recovery from a muscarinic agonist-stimulated acid load was significantly inhibited in acinar cells from mice lacking NHE1, but not in cells from NHE2- or NHE3-deficient mice.	Bicarbonates	3-12	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	181-185
10537138-1	1999	Secretin is a 27-amino acid long peptide hormone that regulates pancreatic water, bicarbonate, enzymes, and potassium ion secretion.	Bicarbonates	82-93	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
10674920-8	1999	These results suggest that 1) hypothermic stress caused an increase of acid secretion and motility as well as a decrease of duodenal HCO3-secretion, resulting in damage in both the stomach and duodenum, 2) the COX-1 but not COX-2 inhibition worsened these lesions by enhancing gastric motility and further decreasing duodenal HCO3- response, 3) the cNOS but not iNOS inhibition worsened gastric lesions by increasing acid secretion but decreased duodenal damage by increasing HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	326-330	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	210-215
10674920-8	1999	These results suggest that 1) hypothermic stress caused an increase of acid secretion and motility as well as a decrease of duodenal HCO3-secretion, resulting in damage in both the stomach and duodenum, 2) the COX-1 but not COX-2 inhibition worsened these lesions by enhancing gastric motility and further decreasing duodenal HCO3- response, 3) the cNOS but not iNOS inhibition worsened gastric lesions by increasing acid secretion but decreased duodenal damage by increasing HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	326-330	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	210-215
10516209-0	1999	CFTR involvement in chloride, bicarbonate, and liquid secretion by airway submucosal glands.	Bicarbonates	30-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
10491632-7	1999	In this report, we used a recently described SDS antigen unmasking treatment to localize the Cl/HCO(3) exchanger AE2 in rat and mouse epididymis.	Bicarbonates	96-102	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
10491632-11	1999	Basolateral AE2 may participate in bicarbonate reabsorption and luminal acidification, and/or may be involved in intracellular pH homeostasis of epithelial cells of the male reproductive tract.	Bicarbonates	35-46	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10491633-10	1999	These results suggest that the full-length AE2 isoform regulates HCO(3)- transport in mature sperm cells and thus their motility in vivo.	Bicarbonates	65-71	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	43-46
10707886-0	1999	Effects of endothelin-1 on duodenal bicarbonate secretion and mucosal integrity in rats.	Bicarbonates	36-47	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-23
10497178-6	1999	These results, coupled with the finding that bicarbonate protects against inactivation of SOD1 by H(2)O(2), suggest that SOD1/H(2)O(2) oxidizes the bicarbonate anion to the carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	148-159	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
10497178-6	1999	These results, coupled with the finding that bicarbonate protects against inactivation of SOD1 by H(2)O(2), suggest that SOD1/H(2)O(2) oxidizes the bicarbonate anion to the carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	148-159	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
10497178-7	1999	Thus, the amplification of peroxidase activity of SOD1/H(2)O(2) by bicarbonate is attributed to the intermediary role of the diffusible oxidant, the carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	67-78	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
10497178-11	1999	However, bicarbonate enhanced the peroxidase activity of SOD1 via formation of a putative carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	9-20	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
10707886-9	1999	In addition, both endothelin-1 and TY-10957 significantly prevented mepirizole-induced duodenal lesions at the doses that caused an increase of duodenal HCO3- secretion and a decrease of gastric acid secretion.	Bicarbonates	153-157	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-30
10707886-10	1999	These results suggest that endothelin-1 affects the duodenal mucosal integrity by modifying both gastric acid and duodenal HCO3- secretions, the effects being mediated by ET(A) receptors.	Bicarbonates	123-127	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-39
10497178-2	1999	We examined the effect of bicarbonate on the peroxidase activity of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), using the nitrite anion as a peroxidase probe.	Bicarbonates	26-37	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
10497178-5	1999	However, bicarbonate enhanced SOD1/H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidation of tocopherols in the presence and absence of nitrite and dramatically enhanced SOD1/H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidation of unsaturated lipid in the presence of nitrite.	Bicarbonates	9-20	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
10497178-5	1999	However, bicarbonate enhanced SOD1/H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidation of tocopherols in the presence and absence of nitrite and dramatically enhanced SOD1/H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidation of unsaturated lipid in the presence of nitrite.	Bicarbonates	9-20	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
10497178-6	1999	These results, coupled with the finding that bicarbonate protects against inactivation of SOD1 by H(2)O(2), suggest that SOD1/H(2)O(2) oxidizes the bicarbonate anion to the carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	45-56	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
10497178-6	1999	These results, coupled with the finding that bicarbonate protects against inactivation of SOD1 by H(2)O(2), suggest that SOD1/H(2)O(2) oxidizes the bicarbonate anion to the carbonate radical anion.	Bicarbonates	45-56	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
10505751-0	1999	Role of CCK-A receptor in the regulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in conscious rats: a study in naturally occurring CCK-A receptor gene knockout rats.	Bicarbonates	55-66	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	8-22
10505751-4	1999	The responses of bicarbonate secretion to intravenous infusion of CCK, acetyl-beta-methylcholine (Ach), and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), and to intraduodenal infusion of HCl and a liquid meal were examined.	Bicarbonates	17-28	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
10505751-4	1999	The responses of bicarbonate secretion to intravenous infusion of CCK, acetyl-beta-methylcholine (Ach), and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), and to intraduodenal infusion of HCl and a liquid meal were examined.	Bicarbonates	17-28	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	71-96
10505751-9	1999	In conclusion, intravenous injection of CCK did not stimulate bicarbonate secretion, and the lack of CCK-A receptor decreased bicarbonate secretion in response to luminal stimulants.	Bicarbonates	126-137	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	101-115
10707886-4	1999	Intravenous administration of endothelin-1 (0.6 and 1 nmol/kg) caused an increase of duodenal HCO3- secretion with concomitant elevation of blood pressure; this effect was antagonized by co-administrahon of BQ-123 (ET(A) antagonist; 3 mg/kg, i.v.)	Bicarbonates	94-98	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-42
10457081-11	1999	The results suggest that 5-HT1B- and 5-HT2B-mediated responses were mainly due to chloride and bicarbonate secretion, respectively.	Bicarbonates	95-106	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
10500145-2	1999	In both structures, a bicarbonate anion is bound to an arginine side chain (Arg-356 in PepA and Arg-336 in leucine aminopeptidase) very near two catalytic zinc ions.	Bicarbonates	22-39	peptidase A	Bos taurus	87-91
10500145-3	1999	It is shown that PepA is activated about 10-fold by bicarbonate when L-leucine p-nitroanilide is used as a substrate.	Bicarbonates	52-63	peptidase A	Bos taurus	17-21
10491290-2	1999	In the CF pancreatic duct, mutations in CFTR cause a reduction in bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	66-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
10491290-7	1999	In addition, an AE1 Cl(-)/HCO(3) was identified in fetal pancreas but was absent from the adult pancreas and cultured ductal epithelial cells from fetal and adult pancreas.	Bicarbonates	26-32	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	16-19
10457081-11	1999	The results suggest that 5-HT1B- and 5-HT2B-mediated responses were mainly due to chloride and bicarbonate secretion, respectively.	Bicarbonates	95-106	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Rattus norvegicus	37-43
10464062-9	1999	Similarly, serum leptin in uraemic rats was found to be lower in the acidotic group than in the bicarbonate-treated group, although this observation fell just short of statistical significance (1273+/-171 compared with 2059+/-376 pg/ml; P=0.07).	Bicarbonates	96-107	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
10484341-14	1999	Apical HCO3- permeability is relatively low, but may be augmented by CO2 diffusion in conjunction with a CAIV.	Bicarbonates	7-11	carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus	105-109
10487778-8	1999	We conclude that (a) the absence of NHE1 in the mutant neurons tended to cause lower steady-state pH(i) and, perhaps more importantly, markedly reduced the rate of recovery from an acid load; and (b) this difference in the rate of recovery between mutant and WT neurons was surprisingly larger in the presence, rather than in the absence, of HCO(3)(-), indicating that the presence of NHE1 is essential for the regulation and/or functional expression of both HCO(3)(-)-dependent and -independent transporters in neurons.	Bicarbonates	342-348	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	36-40
10487778-8	1999	We conclude that (a) the absence of NHE1 in the mutant neurons tended to cause lower steady-state pH(i) and, perhaps more importantly, markedly reduced the rate of recovery from an acid load; and (b) this difference in the rate of recovery between mutant and WT neurons was surprisingly larger in the presence, rather than in the absence, of HCO(3)(-), indicating that the presence of NHE1 is essential for the regulation and/or functional expression of both HCO(3)(-)-dependent and -independent transporters in neurons.	Bicarbonates	459-465	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	36-40
10428871-1	1999	Mutations in human DRA cause congenital chloride diarrhea, thereby raising the possibility that it functions as a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger.	Bicarbonates	120-125	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
10519138-6	1999	These results support the presence of NBC-1 as the major bicarbonate transport system in corneal endothelium.	Bicarbonates	57-68	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
10511381-2	1999	The alpha form secretes acid by an apical H+-ATPase and a basolateral CI:HCO3 exchanger, which is an alternatively spliced form of the red cell band 3 (kAE1), and the beta form secretes HCO3 by having these transporters on the reverse membranes.	Bicarbonates	73-77	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	152-156
10455133-13	1999	Second, and more interesting, the peroxynitrite scavenger glutathione (GSH) was needed in a 75-fold surplus to inhibit the SIN-1-dependent oxidation of NADH half-maximal in the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2).	Bicarbonates	189-198	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
10444585-0	1999	Mechanism of proximal tubule bicarbonate absorption in NHE3 null mice.	Bicarbonates	29-40	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	55-59
10444585-7	1999	Net rates of HCO(-)(3) (J(HCO3)) and fluid absorption (J(v)) were reduced by 54 and 63%, respectively, in NHE3 null mice compared with controls.	Bicarbonates	26-30	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	106-110
10352205-1	1999	Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is the best-documented disease in which mutation in the anion exchanger-1 (AE1) causes decreased anion (chloride [Cl-]/bicarbonate [HCO3-]) transport.	Bicarbonates	154-165	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	91-108
10398873-3	1999	We found that the resting pHi in bicarbonate-free conditions increased significantly from the unfertilized oocyte to the 2-cell stage, but thereafter remained constant.	Bicarbonates	33-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	26-29
10437774-1	1999	Secretin is the most potent regulator of pancreatic bicarbonate, electrolyte and volume secretion.	Bicarbonates	52-63	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
10751901-14	1999	Secretin stimulates the releasing of water, bicarbonate and enteropeptidases whereas cholecystokinin acts on pancreatic enzymes.	Bicarbonates	44-55	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
10419925-5	1999	In addition, VIP significantly increased bile pH, bicarbonate concentration, and output in the isolated perfused livers from both normal and 2 week bile duct-ligated rats, although bile flow increased only in the bile duct-ligated model.	Bicarbonates	50-61	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
10419925-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: VIP is a potent stimulant of fluid and bicarbonate secretion from cholangiocytes via cAMP-independent pathways, suggesting that this neuropeptide plays a major regulatory role in biliary transport and secretion.	Bicarbonates	52-63	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
10404646-0	1999	Basolateral regulation of pHi in proximal tubules of avian loopless and long-looped nephrons in bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	96-107	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	26-29
10381759-8	1999	The steady-state uptake of HSR-903 by a monolayer of primary cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells was increased in the presence of several quinolone antibacterial agents or anionic compounds, such as 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid, and in bicarbonate ion-free medium, as well as by P-gp inhibitors (cyclosporin A and quinidine).	Bicarbonates	272-283	HSR	Homo sapiens	27-30
10352205-1	1999	Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is the best-documented disease in which mutation in the anion exchanger-1 (AE1) causes decreased anion (chloride [Cl-]/bicarbonate [HCO3-]) transport.	Bicarbonates	154-165	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	110-113
10352205-1	1999	Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is the best-documented disease in which mutation in the anion exchanger-1 (AE1) causes decreased anion (chloride [Cl-]/bicarbonate [HCO3-]) transport.	Bicarbonates	167-172	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	91-108
10352205-1	1999	Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is the best-documented disease in which mutation in the anion exchanger-1 (AE1) causes decreased anion (chloride [Cl-]/bicarbonate [HCO3-]) transport.	Bicarbonates	167-172	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	110-113
10226157-13	1999	In 5 % CO2/HCO3--buffered conditions (pHo 7.40), acid extrusion on NHE and NBC increased as pHi was reduced, with the greater increase occurring through NHE at pHi &lt; 6.90.	Bicarbonates	11-15	electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1	Cavia porcellus	75-78
10362779-14	1999	On the basis of the widespread distribution of NBC-3, we propose that this isoform is likely involved in cell pH regulation by transporting HCO-3 from blood to the cell.	Bicarbonates	140-145	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	47-52
10362779-15	1999	We further propose that enhanced expression of NBC-3 in severe acid stress could play an important role in cell survival by mediating the influx of HCO-3 into the cells.	Bicarbonates	148-153	solute carrier family 4 member 7	Homo sapiens	47-52
10362780-17	1999	In CCD, H+-ATPase, and in the OMCD, both H+-ATPase and gastric H+-K+-ATPase contribute to the enhanced compensatory HCO-3 reabsorption in NHE-3-deficient animals.	Bicarbonates	116-121	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	138-143
10424714-7	1999	The HCO3- stimulatory action of PGE2 in the stomach was also observed dose-dependently in knockout mice lacking EP3-receptors but was absent in EP1-receptor knockout mice, while the stimulatory effect in the duodenum was observed in EP1-receptor knockout mice, similar to wild-type animals, but not in knockout mice lacking EP3-receptors.	Bicarbonates	4-8	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
10424714-7	1999	The HCO3- stimulatory action of PGE2 in the stomach was also observed dose-dependently in knockout mice lacking EP3-receptors but was absent in EP1-receptor knockout mice, while the stimulatory effect in the duodenum was observed in EP1-receptor knockout mice, similar to wild-type animals, but not in knockout mice lacking EP3-receptors.	Bicarbonates	4-8	prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1)	Mus musculus	233-236
10424714-7	1999	The HCO3- stimulatory action of PGE2 in the stomach was also observed dose-dependently in knockout mice lacking EP3-receptors but was absent in EP1-receptor knockout mice, while the stimulatory effect in the duodenum was observed in EP1-receptor knockout mice, similar to wild-type animals, but not in knockout mice lacking EP3-receptors.	Bicarbonates	4-8	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	324-327
10424714-8	1999	These results indicate that PGE2 stimulates HCO3- secretion via different EP receptor subtypes in the stomach and duodenum; the former is mediated by EP1-receptors, while the latter mediated by EP3-receptors.	Bicarbonates	44-48	prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1)	Mus musculus	150-153
10329661-0	1999	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator regulates luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchange in mouse submandibular and pancreatic ducts.	Bicarbonates	74-78	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-51
10329661-1	1999	We have demonstrated previously the regulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in model systems of cells stably or transiently transfected with CFTR (Lee, M. G., Wigley, W. C., Zeng, W., Noel, L. E., Marino, C. R., Thomas, P. J., and Muallem, S. (1999) J. Biol.	Bicarbonates	54-58	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	85-136
10329661-1	1999	We have demonstrated previously the regulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in model systems of cells stably or transiently transfected with CFTR (Lee, M. G., Wigley, W. C., Zeng, W., Noel, L. E., Marino, C. R., Thomas, P. J., and Muallem, S. (1999) J. Biol.	Bicarbonates	54-58	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	138-142
10329661-1	1999	We have demonstrated previously the regulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in model systems of cells stably or transiently transfected with CFTR (Lee, M. G., Wigley, W. C., Zeng, W., Noel, L. E., Marino, C. R., Thomas, P. J., and Muallem, S. (1999) J. Biol.	Bicarbonates	54-58	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	209-213
10329661-14	1999	We conclude that CFTR regulates luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in CFTR-expressing cells, and we discuss the possible physiological significance of these findings regarding cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	44-48	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	17-21
10329661-14	1999	We conclude that CFTR regulates luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in CFTR-expressing cells, and we discuss the possible physiological significance of these findings regarding cystic fibrosis.	Bicarbonates	44-48	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	71-75
10362747-0	1999	Basolateral regulation of pHi in isolated snake renal proximal tubules in presence and absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	98-109	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	26-29
10348822-8	1999	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that NBC1 and NBC2 are expressed in rabbit stomach, with high levels in mucous cells where Na+/HCO3- cotransport is the major base-importing mechanism in the presence of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	125-129	sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-48
10348822-8	1999	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that NBC1 and NBC2 are expressed in rabbit stomach, with high levels in mucous cells where Na+/HCO3- cotransport is the major base-importing mechanism in the presence of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	204-208	sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-48
10231848-4	1999	After infusion of glucose, the plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly increased and remained at high levels during 30-min experiments, intravenous administration of secretin and CCK resulted in significant increases of pancreatic secretion including volume, bicarbonate, and protein output.	Bicarbonates	274-285	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	194-197
10796074-9	1999	In addition, in all the cell lines, HCO3- slightly acidified pHi and increased the rates of pHi recovery after an acid load, indicating the presence of anion exchanger (AE) activity.	Bicarbonates	36-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	61-64
10796074-9	1999	In addition, in all the cell lines, HCO3- slightly acidified pHi and increased the rates of pHi recovery after an acid load, indicating the presence of anion exchanger (AE) activity.	Bicarbonates	36-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	92-95
10420360-2	1999	Transmembrane bicarbonate transport has also been associated with the recently characterised membrane-anchored isoform of carbonic anhydrase (CA IV) in various tissues.	Bicarbonates	14-25	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
10420360-10	1999	CONCLUSION: The localisation of CA IV to the cell surface of fresh and cultured corneal endothelium suggests the presence of a membrane-bound ion exchange mechanism which may be important for HCO3- transport and corneal hydration.	Bicarbonates	192-196	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
10212146-2	1999	Besides regulating intracellular pH (pHi) via the Cl-/HCO3- exchange, the AEs exert various cellular functions including generation of a senescent antigen, anchorage of the cytoskeleton to the membrane and regulation of metabolism.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
10212146-11	1999	In cardiomyocytes transfected with an AE3 oligodeoxynucleotide antisense, AE3 immunoreactivity was dramatically decreased but the activity of the Cl-/HCO3- exchange was unchanged.	Bicarbonates	150-154	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
10212146-13	1999	Altogether, our findings suggest that a specific and novel AE1 splicoform (nAE1) mediates the cardiac Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	106-110	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
10365907-8	1999	IP was unaltered, and pH(I) decreased as hydrogen ions produced during bicarbonate secretion were dissipated (7.41 +/- 0.01 versus 7.38 +/- 0.01, P &lt; 0.05).	Bicarbonates	71-82	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	22-27
10202029-2	1999	Neutrophils suspended in bicarbonate-buffered RPMI 1640 medium adjusted to acidic pH values (pH 6.5-7.0) underwent: 1) a rapid transient increase in intracellular free calcium concentration levels; 2) an increase in the forward light scattering properties; and 3) the up-regulation of surface expression of CD18.	Bicarbonates	25-36	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	307-311
10220211-7	1999	Insulin was given at rates of 8 to 14 U/h, with 10% or 20% glucose infusion to maintain the blood glucose above 5 mmol/l; despite this it was not until the fifth day that her serum bicarbonate became normal.	Bicarbonates	181-192	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
10220211-9	1999	In this case, even with high rates of insulin infusion, it took 5 days before the patient"s serum bicarbonate returned to normal.	Bicarbonates	98-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
10082753-9	1999	We propose that mitochondrial CA V participates in the detoxification of ammonia produced in the gastrointestinal tract by providing bicarbonate to carbamyl phosphate synthetase I.	Bicarbonates	133-144	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	30-34
10075676-0	1999	Nerve growth factor inhibits HCO3- absorption in renal thick ascending limb through inhibition of basolateral membrane Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	29-33	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
10075676-1	1999	Nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibits transepithelial HCO3- absorption in the rat medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL).	Bicarbonates	51-55	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
10075676-1	1999	Nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibits transepithelial HCO3- absorption in the rat medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL).	Bicarbonates	51-55	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
10075676-11	1999	To determine whether a similar mechanism could explain inhibition of HCO3- absorption by NGF, apical Na+/H+ exchange activity was assessed in physiological solutions (146 mM Na+) by measurement of the initial rate of cell acidification after lumen EIPA addition.	Bicarbonates	69-73	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
10075676-13	1999	Inhibition of HCO3- absorption by NGF was eliminated in the presence of bath EIPA or in the absence of bath Na+.	Bicarbonates	14-18	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
10075676-14	1999	Also, NGF blocked inhibition of HCO3- absorption by bath EIPA.	Bicarbonates	32-36	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
10075676-16	1999	NGF inhibits transepithelial HCO3- absorption through inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange, most likely as the result of functional coupling in which primary inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange activity results secondarily in inhibition of apical Na+/H+ exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	29-33	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
10102722-1	1999	PURPOSE: The tonometric detection of a high intragastric regional P(CO2) (PrCO2) reflecting an elevated intramucosal P(CO2) can be helpful to diagnose mucosal ischemia, if acid secretion is suppressed to avoid intragastric CO2 production through buffering of acid by bicarbonate in the stomach.	Bicarbonates	267-278	complement C2	Homo sapiens	66-71
10069984-6	1999	In Xenopus oocytes expressing hhNBC, adding 1.5% CO2/10 mM HCO-3 hyperpolarizes the membrane and causes a rapid fall in intracellular pH (pHi), followed by a pHi recovery.	Bicarbonates	59-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	138-141
10069984-6	1999	In Xenopus oocytes expressing hhNBC, adding 1.5% CO2/10 mM HCO-3 hyperpolarizes the membrane and causes a rapid fall in intracellular pH (pHi), followed by a pHi recovery.	Bicarbonates	59-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	158-161
10037758-1	1999	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the chloride/bicarbonate exchange protein of the erythrocyte membrane.	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
10037758-1	1999	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the chloride/bicarbonate exchange protein of the erythrocyte membrane.	Bicarbonates	40-51	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
17023929-4	1999	A putative role of uroguanylin in intestinal bicarbonate secretion is explored.	Bicarbonates	45-56	guanylate cyclase activator 2b (retina)	Mus musculus	19-30
10102722-1	1999	PURPOSE: The tonometric detection of a high intragastric regional P(CO2) (PrCO2) reflecting an elevated intramucosal P(CO2) can be helpful to diagnose mucosal ischemia, if acid secretion is suppressed to avoid intragastric CO2 production through buffering of acid by bicarbonate in the stomach.	Bicarbonates	267-278	complement C2	Homo sapiens	117-122
9920902-1	1999	AE1 is the chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger of the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	20-31	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
10333352-2	1999	Carbonic anhydrase II, catalysing the synthesis of bicarbonate within spermatozoa, must play a significant role in these mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	51-62	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	0-21
10199608-7	1999	Reducing pHi at a constant pHo (by exposure to pH 7.3 HCO3-/CO2-free medium buffered with 30 mM HEPES) also attenuated fast and slow afterhyperpolarizations.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
10199608-7	1999	Reducing pHi at a constant pHo (by exposure to pH 7.3 HCO3-/CO2-free medium buffered with 30 mM HEPES) also attenuated fast and slow afterhyperpolarizations.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	9-11
9920885-0	1999	Regulation of Cl-/ HCO3- exchange by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expressed in NIH 3T3 and HEK 293 cells.	Bicarbonates	19-23	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	37-88
9920885-1	1999	A central function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing tissues is the secretion of fluid containing 100-140 mM HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	148-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-73
9920885-1	1999	A central function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing tissues is the secretion of fluid containing 100-140 mM HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	148-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
9920902-6	1999	Anion exchange activity was assessed by measurement of changes of intracellular pH, which follow transmembrane bicarbonate movement mediated by AE1.	Bicarbonates	111-122	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-147
9920885-3	1999	HCO3- secretion is impaired in CF in all CFTR-expressing, HCO3--secreting tissues examined.	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
9920885-10	1999	The novel finding of regulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by CFTR reported here may have important physiological implications and explain, at least in part, the impaired HCO3- secretion in CF.	Bicarbonates	39-43	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
9890303-2	1999	Type A intercalated cells secrete protons via an apical H+-ATPase and reabsorb bicarbonate by a band 3-like Cl-/HCO3-exchanger, AE1, located in the basolateral plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	79-90	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
9920885-10	1999	The novel finding of regulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by CFTR reported here may have important physiological implications and explain, at least in part, the impaired HCO3- secretion in CF.	Bicarbonates	166-170	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
9880490-6	1999	The results indicate that HCO3- competes with other anions for the anion-binding site of SOD1 (Arg141) but does not bind directly to the copper.	Bicarbonates	26-30	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
9880490-10	1999	Thus, SOD1 acquires peroxidase activity at physiological pH only in the presence of HCO3- or structurally similar anions.	Bicarbonates	84-88	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
9880490-11	1999	Alterations in pH that shift the HCO3-/CO2 equilibrium as occur in disease processes such as ischemia, sepsis, or shock would modulate the peroxidase function of SOD1.	Bicarbonates	33-37	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
9886916-4	1999	We propose that the defect in agonist-stimulated ductal HCO-3 secretion in patients with CF is predominantly due to decreased NBC-driven HCO-3 entry at the basolateral membrane, secondary to the lack of sufficient electrogenic driving force in the absence of functional CFTR.	Bicarbonates	56-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	270-274
9887076-5	1999	Negative linear relationships were observed between NHE-3 activity and plasma pH or bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	84-95	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
9892143-3	1999	Using mouse proximal tubular cells, this study documents AT1-dependent enhancement (candesartan-inhibitable) of bicarbonate reabsorption and AT2-induced (PD123319- and CGP42112A-inhibitable) decrement of bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	112-123	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	57-60
9892143-3	1999	Using mouse proximal tubular cells, this study documents AT1-dependent enhancement (candesartan-inhibitable) of bicarbonate reabsorption and AT2-induced (PD123319- and CGP42112A-inhibitable) decrement of bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	204-215	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	57-60
9892143-3	1999	Using mouse proximal tubular cells, this study documents AT1-dependent enhancement (candesartan-inhibitable) of bicarbonate reabsorption and AT2-induced (PD123319- and CGP42112A-inhibitable) decrement of bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	204-215	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9d	Mus musculus	141-144
10100931-6	1999	Both STa and uroguanylin, but not guanylin, increased the luminal pH by stimulating bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	84-95	GCY	Homo sapiens	5-8
10100931-6	1999	Both STa and uroguanylin, but not guanylin, increased the luminal pH by stimulating bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	84-95	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Rattus norvegicus	13-24
9890750-10	1999	These results indicate that a Na(+)-dependent, bicarbonate-independent pHi regulatory mechanism, with a pharmacological characteristic consistent with an NHE, is present in capacitated spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	47-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	71-74
9890750-10	1999	These results indicate that a Na(+)-dependent, bicarbonate-independent pHi regulatory mechanism, with a pharmacological characteristic consistent with an NHE, is present in capacitated spermatozoa.	Bicarbonates	47-58	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	154-157
9892162-5	1999	Although the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of intratubular AngII concentrations remain to be determined, micropuncture studies have provided direct evidence that activation of intraluminal AT1 receptors by AngII exerts a substantial stimulatory influence on sodium and bicarbonate transport by both proximal and distal tubules.	Bicarbonates	281-292	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	201-204
9892162-5	1999	Although the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of intratubular AngII concentrations remain to be determined, micropuncture studies have provided direct evidence that activation of intraluminal AT1 receptors by AngII exerts a substantial stimulatory influence on sodium and bicarbonate transport by both proximal and distal tubules.	Bicarbonates	281-292	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	218-223
9843756-2	1998	Regulation of CFTR by small molecules including HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	48-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
9854053-3	1998	Kidney AE1 contributes to urinary acidification by providing the major exit route for HCO3- across the basolateral membrane.	Bicarbonates	86-90	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	7-10
10069525-6	1999	Secretin significantly (P&lt;0.005-P&lt;0.05) increased volume and bicarbonate output and CCK significantly (P&lt;0.01) increased the output of bilirubin, pancreatic enzymes, bicarbonate and volume, both during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia.	Bicarbonates	67-78	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
10069525-6	1999	Secretin significantly (P&lt;0.005-P&lt;0.05) increased volume and bicarbonate output and CCK significantly (P&lt;0.01) increased the output of bilirubin, pancreatic enzymes, bicarbonate and volume, both during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia.	Bicarbonates	175-186	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	90-93
10704075-12	1999	That is to say, there is a possibility that chloride ions or bicarbonate (pH) may play an important role in signal transduction such as NF-kappaB and caspase activation in the apoptosis induced by TNFalpha and cycloheximide.	Bicarbonates	61-72	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	197-205
10645535-4	1999	As a membrane transporter, AE1 mediates Cl-/HCO3- exchange, thus enhancing the blood capacity for carrying CO2 and for acid-base homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	44-48	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-30
9926871-5	1998	We conclude that the anoxic depolarizations generated by CA1 pyramids are caused by the activation of EAA along with GABA(A) receptors leading to an increased membrane conductance to both Cl- and HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	196-201	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
9872384-0	1998	Role of CFTR and anion exchanger in bicarbonate fluxes in C127 cell lines.	Bicarbonates	36-47	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	8-12
9843756-8	1998	It is likely that there are complicated interactions between Cl- and HCO-3 in the secretion of both ions through the CFTR and the anion exchanger in intestinal cells, and these may yield a role of CFTR in regulation of intestinal HCO-3 secretion as well as of intra- and extracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	69-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-121
9843756-8	1998	It is likely that there are complicated interactions between Cl- and HCO-3 in the secretion of both ions through the CFTR and the anion exchanger in intestinal cells, and these may yield a role of CFTR in regulation of intestinal HCO-3 secretion as well as of intra- and extracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	69-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	197-201
9860472-11	1998	Jejunal intramucosal pH (pHi) was calculated every hour by the luminal PCO2, obtained with a balloon tonometer, and arterial bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	125-136	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-28
9843756-8	1998	It is likely that there are complicated interactions between Cl- and HCO-3 in the secretion of both ions through the CFTR and the anion exchanger in intestinal cells, and these may yield a role of CFTR in regulation of intestinal HCO-3 secretion as well as of intra- and extracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	230-235	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-121
9843756-8	1998	It is likely that there are complicated interactions between Cl- and HCO-3 in the secretion of both ions through the CFTR and the anion exchanger in intestinal cells, and these may yield a role of CFTR in regulation of intestinal HCO-3 secretion as well as of intra- and extracellular pH.	Bicarbonates	230-235	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	197-201
9832577-10	1998	Mean bicarbonate concentrations and bicarbonate SDS increased significantly in 9 patients who had repeat electrolyte measurements during treatment with GH (mean bicarbonate; 21.7 [1.1] mEq/L vs 26.9 [0.59] mEq/L, mean bicarbonate SDS; -1.24 [0.43] SD vs 0.55 [0.27] SD).	Bicarbonates	5-16	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	152-154
9832577-10	1998	Mean bicarbonate concentrations and bicarbonate SDS increased significantly in 9 patients who had repeat electrolyte measurements during treatment with GH (mean bicarbonate; 21.7 [1.1] mEq/L vs 26.9 [0.59] mEq/L, mean bicarbonate SDS; -1.24 [0.43] SD vs 0.55 [0.27] SD).	Bicarbonates	36-47	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	152-154
9832577-10	1998	Mean bicarbonate concentrations and bicarbonate SDS increased significantly in 9 patients who had repeat electrolyte measurements during treatment with GH (mean bicarbonate; 21.7 [1.1] mEq/L vs 26.9 [0.59] mEq/L, mean bicarbonate SDS; -1.24 [0.43] SD vs 0.55 [0.27] SD).	Bicarbonates	36-47	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	152-154
9832577-10	1998	Mean bicarbonate concentrations and bicarbonate SDS increased significantly in 9 patients who had repeat electrolyte measurements during treatment with GH (mean bicarbonate; 21.7 [1.1] mEq/L vs 26.9 [0.59] mEq/L, mean bicarbonate SDS; -1.24 [0.43] SD vs 0.55 [0.27] SD).	Bicarbonates	36-47	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	152-154
9990657-0	1998	Involvement of PACAP in acid-induced HCO3- response in rat duodenums.	Bicarbonates	37-41	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
9990657-1	1998	Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptides (PACAP) stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion in the rat.	Bicarbonates	79-83	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-51
9832577-12	1998	In addition, serum bicarbonate concentrations rise with GH treatment in patients with GHD.	Bicarbonates	19-30	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	56-58
9990657-1	1998	Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptides (PACAP) stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion in the rat.	Bicarbonates	79-83	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
9827569-1	1998	The anion exchange protein AE1 is the most abundant membrane protein in human erythrocytes mediating the electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	129-140	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-30
9990657-2	1998	The present study was performed to determine whether endogenous PACAP is involved in the mechanism of acid-induced HCO3- response in the duodenum, using a PACAP antagonist, PACAP6-27.	Bicarbonates	115-119	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
9990657-9	1998	These peptide antagonists suppressed duodenal HCO3- secretory response to VIP but did not have any effect on either basal or PGE2-stimulated HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	46-50	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
9990657-11	1998	Duodenal damage induced by acid perfusion (100 mM HCl for 4 h) was significantly worsened by PACAP6-27, VIP antagonist as well as indomethacin at the doses that suppressed acid-induced HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	185-189	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
9990657-12	1998	These findings suggest that PACAP may play a role in local modulation of the duodenal mucosal integrity, by mediating the HCO3- secretory response induced by mucosal acidification.	Bicarbonates	122-126	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
9858783-1	1998	The synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate by the mammalian multifunctional protein, CAD, involves the concerted action of the 40 kDa amidotransferase domain (GLN), that hydrolyzes glutamine and the 120 kDa synthetase (CPS) domain that uses the ammonia, thus produced, ATP and bicarbonate to make carbamoyl phosphate.	Bicarbonates	271-282	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9815028-6	1998	min-1) strongly and significantly inhibited hypoglycemia-induced antral motility, gastric acid secretion, pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion.	Bicarbonates	117-128	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
9820376-5	1998	RESULTS: Resting pHi in bicarbonate-free N"-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid was 7.5 +/- 0.03 (n = 50).	Bicarbonates	24-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	17-20
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
28976658-7	1998	The EP1 antagonist SC-51089 inhibited the HCO3- stimulatory action of sulprostone in the stomach but not in the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	42-46	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
28976658-9	1998	These results suggest that PGE2 stimulates HCO3- secretion via different EP receptor subtypes in the stomach and duodenum: in the former the EP1 receptors linked to Ca2+ and in the latter, the EP3 receptors coupled with both cAMP and Ca2+ .	Bicarbonates	43-47	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	167-170
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	252-255
28976658-5	1998	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was also stimulated by both sulprostone (EP1 /EP3 agonist), enprostil (EP1 /EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2 /EP3 agonist), 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP3 /EP4 agonist) and ONO-NT-012 (EP3 agonist), but was not affected by either butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-omega-trinor-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
9763638-5	1998	In the presence of external HCO3-, acid extrusion appeared to be supplemented by a Na+-dependent HCO3--Cl- exchanger, the activity of which was dependent upon the absolute level of pHi.	Bicarbonates	28-32	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
9809810-7	1998	In BLM, carbachol significantly stimulated HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake and this effect was totally prevented by the monoclonal antibody against TK.	Bicarbonates	43-47	TXK tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	143-145
9774471-1	1998	In this study, we provide evidence that the 33-residue carboxyl-terminal (Ct) region of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, band 3, binds carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	119-130	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	156-177
9774471-1	1998	In this study, we provide evidence that the 33-residue carboxyl-terminal (Ct) region of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, band 3, binds carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Bicarbonates	119-130	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	179-183
9774471-11	1998	This work indicates that CAII, the bicarbonate supplier, is directly coupled to band 3, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in red blood cells.	Bicarbonates	35-46	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
9774471-11	1998	This work indicates that CAII, the bicarbonate supplier, is directly coupled to band 3, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in red blood cells.	Bicarbonates	101-112	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
9829357-7	1998	In HCO3--free media, pHi recovery after acidification with NH4Cl was amiloride-sensitive and Na+-dependent, indicating the presence of an Na+/H+ exchanger.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	21-24
9756516-4	1998	ET-1 had no effect on basal bile flow or bicarbonate secretion in normal or BDL rats but decreased secretin-induced bicarbonate-rich choleresis in BDL rats.	Bicarbonates	116-127	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9729624-13	1998	Under these conditions, INa,Bic reversed at -96.4 +/- 1.9 mV (n = 5), being consistent with the influx of 2 HCO3- ions per Na+ ion through the <protein-id="84484">Na+-HCO3- cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	108-112	Mir155 host gene	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
9767539-1	1998	BACKGROUND: Potassium depletion increases HCO3- reabsorption in outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) by activation of colonic (c) H-K-ATPase (HKA).	Bicarbonates	42-46	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
9767539-2	1998	The purpose of the current experiments was to examine the role of the isoforms of HKA in HCO3- reabsorption by terminal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells in potassium depletion.	Bicarbonates	89-93	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
9767539-4	1998	mRNA expression of HKA isoforms in terminal portion of inner medulla was examined and correlated with HCO3- reabsorption in the terminal IMCD.	Bicarbonates	102-106	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
9767539-10	1998	CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that gHKA is suppressed whereas cHKA is induced in potassium depletion and mediates increased HCO3- reabsorption in terminal IMCD.	Bicarbonates	125-129	choline kinase alpha	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
9829357-8	1998	pHi recovery after acidification was significantly enhanced by the presence of HCO3-, showing the presence of an HCO3--dependent recovery mechanism (that is, a base loader/acid extruder).	Bicarbonates	79-83	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
9829357-8	1998	pHi recovery after acidification was significantly enhanced by the presence of HCO3-, showing the presence of an HCO3--dependent recovery mechanism (that is, a base loader/acid extruder).	Bicarbonates	113-117	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
9821105-3	1998	Intracellular pH (pHi) is regulated mainly by Na+/H+ and HCO3-/Cl- antiports through the cell membrane, and amiloride acts on the former, DIDS on the latter to lower pHi.	Bicarbonates	57-62	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	18-21
9733757-1	1998	Carbonic anhydrase V (CA-V) is a mitochondrial enzyme that provides bicarbonate for pyruvate carboxylase in liver and kidney.	Bicarbonates	68-79	carbonic anhydrase 5a, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	22-26
9729505-7	1998	AE2 (and perhaps AE1) in BLMV likely contribute to HCO-3 absorption.	Bicarbonates	51-56	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9729505-7	1998	AE2 (and perhaps AE1) in BLMV likely contribute to HCO-3 absorption.	Bicarbonates	51-56	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
9731557-1	1998	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid and the left dorsal vagal complex enhances bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion through vagal muscarinic pathways in animal models.	Bicarbonates	128-139	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
9731557-1	1998	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid and the left dorsal vagal complex enhances bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion through vagal muscarinic pathways in animal models.	Bicarbonates	128-139	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
9731557-8	1998	[Leu31, Pro34]NPY microinjected into the left dorsal vagal complex also dose-dependently (1-8 pmol) stimulated bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion.	Bicarbonates	137-148	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
9731557-11	1998	NPY acts in the left dorsal vagal complex to stimulate bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion via Y1 receptor subtype.	Bicarbonates	81-92	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9689138-10	1998	This process may contribute to up-regulation of HCO3- reabsorption along the proximal tubule when tubules are exposed to AII.	Bicarbonates	48-52	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
9712881-1	1998	AE1 protein transports Cl- and HCO3- across the erythrocyte membrane by an electroneutral exchange mechanism.	Bicarbonates	31-35	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
9679168-5	1998	At room temperature, the ratio DeltapHi : DeltapHo (the slope of the regression line relating pHi to pHo) was 0.37 under HCO3-/CO2-buffered conditions and 0.45 under Hepes-buffered conditions; corresponding values at 37 C were 0.71 and 0.79, respectively.	Bicarbonates	121-125	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
9688606-4	1998	Continuous exposure to hyperosmotic external media containing CO2/HCO-3 caused the pHi of both cell types to increase.	Bicarbonates	66-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	83-86
9700954-7	1998	During hyperglycemia bombesin-stimulated 60-min outputs of bilirubin, trypsin, amylase, and bicarbonate were not significantly different compared to those during normoglycemia.	Bicarbonates	92-103	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	21-29
9697673-0	1998	Bicarbonate/lactate- and bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluids improve ex vivo peritoneal macrophage TNFalpha secretion.	Bicarbonates	0-11	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-119
9697673-0	1998	Bicarbonate/lactate- and bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluids improve ex vivo peritoneal macrophage TNFalpha secretion.	Bicarbonates	25-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-119
10732805-2	1998	Anion exchanger isoform 3 (AE3) is prominently expressed in the brain and performs an electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Bicarbonates	126-137	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	27-30
9717236-3	1998	Alkalisation of medium by addition of bicarbonate or alkaline buffers ceased proliferation at G1 phase of logarithmically growing cells and caused a severe drop in G1-cyclin (CLN1 and CLN2) mRNAs.	Bicarbonates	38-49	cyclin CLN1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	175-179
9787461-6	1998	The K(m) values of root-form PEPC for PEP and Mg2+ were one-tenth or less of those of C4-form PEPC when assayed at either pH 7.3 or 8.0, while the value for HCO3- was about one-half of that of C4-form PEPC at pH 8.0.	Bicarbonates	157-161	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	29-33
9787461-6	1998	The K(m) values of root-form PEPC for PEP and Mg2+ were one-tenth or less of those of C4-form PEPC when assayed at either pH 7.3 or 8.0, while the value for HCO3- was about one-half of that of C4-form PEPC at pH 8.0.	Bicarbonates	157-161	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	29-32
9665810-5	1998	The increase in pHi was dependent neither on the culture substrate nor on the extracellular pH (pHe) but the increase could be diminished by DIDS or by bicarbonate removal.	Bicarbonates	152-163	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
9655689-5	1998	Similarly, NKA partially inhibited the VIP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	54-65	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
9689008-1	1998	The rat liver sulfate/bicarbonate/oxalate exchanger (sat-1) transports sulfate across the canalicular membrane in exchange for either bicarbonate or oxalate.	Bicarbonates	22-33	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
9648083-9	1998	The concentration of IL-6 in the supernatant of stimulated monocytes was highest with Glu/Bic (1023 +/- 278 pg/ml) and Amino/Bic (776 +/- 296 pg/ml) an lowest with Glu/lac pH 5.5 (46 +/- 22 pg/ml) and Glu-poly/PBS (32 +/- 13 pg/ml).	Bicarbonates	90-93	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	21-25
9648083-9	1998	The concentration of IL-6 in the supernatant of stimulated monocytes was highest with Glu/Bic (1023 +/- 278 pg/ml) and Amino/Bic (776 +/- 296 pg/ml) an lowest with Glu/lac pH 5.5 (46 +/- 22 pg/ml) and Glu-poly/PBS (32 +/- 13 pg/ml).	Bicarbonates	125-128	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	21-25
9644216-1	1998	The purpose of this study was to examine how intracellular pH (pHi) regulation and histamine release are affected by HCO3- in rat peritoneal mast cells.	Bicarbonates	117-121	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
9644216-4	1998	This fall in pHi is inhibited by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dichlorphenamide and is Na+-independent, indicating the involvement of Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	157-161	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9644216-9	1998	Histamine release stimulated by antigen and compound 48/80 was substantially reduced in the presence of HEPES/ HCO3- buffer (pHo 7.4, pHi 6.66).	Bicarbonates	111-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
9644216-10	1998	Histamine release was increased, however, when pHi was clamped to 6.66 in HCO3--free media (pHo 6.9).	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
9644216-11	1998	We conclude that: (1) Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange determines steady-state pHi in rat peritoneal mast cells; and (2) the reduction in histamine release observed in the presence of HCO3- is not due to its effect on pHi per se, but rather on other changes in ion transport.	Bicarbonates	42-46	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
9644216-11	1998	We conclude that: (1) Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange determines steady-state pHi in rat peritoneal mast cells; and (2) the reduction in histamine release observed in the presence of HCO3- is not due to its effect on pHi per se, but rather on other changes in ion transport.	Bicarbonates	186-190	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
9644216-11	1998	We conclude that: (1) Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange determines steady-state pHi in rat peritoneal mast cells; and (2) the reduction in histamine release observed in the presence of HCO3- is not due to its effect on pHi per se, but rather on other changes in ion transport.	Bicarbonates	186-190	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
9651514-1	1998	Carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) is a member of a gene family encoding proteins which catalyse the hydration of CO2 to generate protons and bicarbonate ions for cellular ion transport and pH homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	134-145	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	0-20
9651514-1	1998	Carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) is a member of a gene family encoding proteins which catalyse the hydration of CO2 to generate protons and bicarbonate ions for cellular ion transport and pH homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	134-145	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	22-25
9689002-8	1998	Reducing bath HCO-3 concentration from 10 to 2 mM at constant CO2 (pH 6.8) depolarized V1 and V2, decreased pHi, and lowered aNai.	Bicarbonates	14-19	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	108-111
9689002-10	1998	In the presence of NE, reducing bath [HCO-3] caused a smaller depolarizations of V1 and V2, and the rate of pHi decrease was significantly reduced.	Bicarbonates	38-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	108-111
9717236-3	1998	Alkalisation of medium by addition of bicarbonate or alkaline buffers ceased proliferation at G1 phase of logarithmically growing cells and caused a severe drop in G1-cyclin (CLN1 and CLN2) mRNAs.	Bicarbonates	38-49	cyclin CLN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	184-188
9841505-11	1998	HCO3- loading decreased NBC-1 mRNA levels, which were unchanged either by metabolic acidosis or by CDA.	Bicarbonates	0-4	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
9618471-5	1998	The reaction of the WT SOD with H217O2 in bicarbonate/CO2 buffer yielded 63% DMPO/.17OH and 37% DMPO/.16OH.	Bicarbonates	42-53	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
9689466-0	1998	CO2/HCO3(-)-withdrawal from the bath medium of hippocampal slices: biphasic effect on intracellular pH and bioelectric activity of CA3-neurons.	Bicarbonates	4-8	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	131-134
9841500-5	1998	Adding extracellular CO2/HCO3 decreased B cell pHi while simultaneously increasing Cl/base exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	47-50
9632533-6	1998	22Na+ and 36Cl- fluxes were not altered and residual flux increased by 2.4+/-1.0 micromol.h-1.cm-2 indicating that the IL-1beta-induced ISC is based on electrogenic bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	165-176	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	119-127
9841505-6	1998	In addition, we describe both the organ and nephron segment distributions and the regulation of NBC-1 mRNA under three models of pH stress: chloride-depletion alkalosis (CDA), metabolic acidosis, and bicarbonate loading.	Bicarbonates	200-211	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
9576482-9	1998	In agreement with this, heat-shocked cells demonstrated increased activity of an HCO3(-)-independent/DIDS-sensitive pHi down-regulator, postulated to be a Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	81-86	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	116-119
9600966-3	1998	Mutations in the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1 have recently been reported in four autosomal dominant dRTA kindreds, three of these altering codon Arg589.	Bicarbonates	26-37	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-51
9652407-1	1998	Iron uptake by bovine lactoferrin from nitrilotriacetatoFe(III) [FeN(Ac)3] in the presence of bicarbonate has been investigated at pH 7.1-8.7.	Bicarbonates	94-105	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	22-33
9648629-1	1998	The importance of physiological plasma levels of secretin in biliary bicarbonate secretion is not known.	Bicarbonates	69-80	secretin	Sus scrofa	49-57
9648629-2	1998	However, in anaesthetized pigs the substantial hepatic output of bicarbonate into the duodenum in response to low doses of secretin exceeds pancreatic bicarbonate output.	Bicarbonates	65-76	secretin	Sus scrofa	123-131
9648629-3	1998	The aim was therefore to study the relationship between duodenal acidification, secretin and hepatic biliary bicarbonate output in the conscious pig.	Bicarbonates	109-120	secretin	Sus scrofa	80-88
9648629-5	1998	The biliary bicarbonate secretion in response to intraduodenal HCl, secretin or pentagastrin given intravenously, and to meal was studied.	Bicarbonates	12-23	secretin	Sus scrofa	68-76
9648629-6	1998	Intraduodenal HCl infusion, secretin and pentagastrin given intravenously augmented hepatic bicarbonate output and plasma secretin concentrations significantly.	Bicarbonates	92-103	secretin	Sus scrofa	28-36
9648629-7	1998	The secretin response to acidification was sufficient to explain the subsequent increase in biliary bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	100-111	secretin	Sus scrofa	4-12
9648629-10	1998	The results demonstrate that hepatic bicarbonate secretion is stimulated by endogenous secretin and therefore may have a physiological role in duodenal neutralization.	Bicarbonates	37-48	secretin	Sus scrofa	87-95
9558296-7	1998	CONCLUSIONS: PACAP-27 dose-dependently stimulates pancreatic secretion of fluid, bicarbonate, and protein in rats.	Bicarbonates	81-92	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
9618396-2	1998	Furthermore, Ca++-induced inhibition of renin secretion in depolarizing K+-rich Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate not only was prevented completely but also reversed by ML-7 in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner.	Bicarbonates	93-104	renin	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
9575183-9	1998	Transport activity of the expressed DTDST was markedly inhibited by extracellular chloride and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	95-106	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
9585479-13	1998	Bicarbonate at physiological concentrations decreased ONOO--induced lipid and protein oxidation, whereas it enhanced SIN-1-induced lipid peroxidation, Trp consumption, and alpha-tocopheroxyl radical formation in LDL.	Bicarbonates	0-11	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
9576482-9	1998	In agreement with this, heat-shocked cells demonstrated increased activity of an HCO3(-)-independent/DIDS-sensitive pHi down-regulator, postulated to be a Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	81-85	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	116-119
9596071-13	1998	It is concluded that this cultured line of rat IMCD cells expresses two members of the anion exchanger gene family, AE1 and AE2, and both of these exchangers probably mediate the electroneutral Cl--dependent HCO3-transport observed in this cell line.	Bicarbonates	208-212	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
9596071-13	1998	It is concluded that this cultured line of rat IMCD cells expresses two members of the anion exchanger gene family, AE1 and AE2, and both of these exchangers probably mediate the electroneutral Cl--dependent HCO3-transport observed in this cell line.	Bicarbonates	208-212	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
9598809-5	1998	A significant inverse correlation between TIMP-1 and bicarbonate output in PPJ was observed.	Bicarbonates	53-64	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
9605187-1	1998	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II), an enzyme that catalyzes hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, is located exclusively in cholangiocytes in the liver.	Bicarbonates	87-98	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	0-21
9605187-1	1998	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II), an enzyme that catalyzes hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, is located exclusively in cholangiocytes in the liver.	Bicarbonates	87-98	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	23-28
9575887-2	1998	GH administration increased and maintained plasma bicarbonate concentration from 14.1 +/- 1.4 to 18.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/l (P &lt; 0.001).	Bicarbonates	50-61	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
9575854-0	1998	Dual role of CFTR in cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across murine duodenum.	Bicarbonates	37-41	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	13-17
9575854-1	1998	The role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across the murine duodenum was investigated.	Bicarbonates	94-98	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	16-67
9575854-1	1998	The role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across the murine duodenum was investigated.	Bicarbonates	94-98	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	69-73
9575854-4	1998	Both the forskolin-stimulated delta Js--&gt;m and delta Isc were abolished by the CFTR channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate, whereas inhibition of luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchange by luminal Cl- removal or DIDS reduced the Js--&gt;m by approximately 18% without a consistent effect on the delta Isc.	Bicarbonates	178-182	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	82-86
9575854-6	1998	When carbonic anhydrase-dependent HCO3- secretion was isolated by using a CO2-gassed, HCO3(-)-free Ringer bath, forskolin stimulated the Js--&gt;m and Isc (+0.7 and +2.0, respectively) across CFTR(+) but not CFTR(-) duodenum.	Bicarbonates	34-38	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	192-196
9639309-3	1998	Sporulation defects of mdh1 (mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase) mutants and of wild-type cells at low density were rescued extracellularly by addition of bicarbonate or other alkaline solutions to raise medium pH.	Bicarbonates	155-166	malate dehydrogenase MDH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-27
9639309-4	1998	Addition of bicarbonate (or alkalization of medium) raised steady-state levels of mRNA in respiration-deficient mdh1 mutants and inhibited proliferation of wild-type cells at low density.	Bicarbonates	12-23	malate dehydrogenase MDH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-116
9575789-9	1998	These data demonstrate that NGF inhibits HCO3- absorption in the MTAL under basal conditions but stimulates HCO3- absorption in the presence of AVP, effects that are mediated through distinct signal transduction pathways.	Bicarbonates	108-112	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
9575892-0	1998	K+ depletion increases HCO3- reabsorption in OMCD by activation of colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	23-27	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	75-91
9575887-3	1998	The GH-induced increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration was the consequence of a significant increase in net acid excretion that was accounted for largely by an increase in renal NH+4 excretion sufficient in magnitude to override a decrease in urinary titratable acid excretion.	Bicarbonates	34-45	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	4-6
9575854-6	1998	When carbonic anhydrase-dependent HCO3- secretion was isolated by using a CO2-gassed, HCO3(-)-free Ringer bath, forskolin stimulated the Js--&gt;m and Isc (+0.7 and +2.0, respectively) across CFTR(+) but not CFTR(-) duodenum.	Bicarbonates	34-38	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	208-212
9575854-8	1998	It was concluded that cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across the duodenum involves 1) electrogenic secretion via a CFTR HCO3- conductance and 2) electroneutral secretion via a CFTR-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange process that is closely associated with the carbonic anhydrase activity of the epithelium.	Bicarbonates	38-42	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	115-119
9575887-8	1998	Thus GH (and/or insulin-like growth factor I) increased plasma bicarbonate concentration and partially corrected metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	63-74	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	5-7
9575854-8	1998	It was concluded that cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across the duodenum involves 1) electrogenic secretion via a CFTR HCO3- conductance and 2) electroneutral secretion via a CFTR-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange process that is closely associated with the carbonic anhydrase activity of the epithelium.	Bicarbonates	38-42	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	176-180
9575887-8	1998	Thus GH (and/or insulin-like growth factor I) increased plasma bicarbonate concentration and partially corrected metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	63-74	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	16-44
9497368-0	1998	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis is associated in three families with heterozygosity for the R589H mutation in the AE1 (band 3) Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	148-152	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	131-134
9578487-3	1998	The enzyme, expressed and isolated from Escherichia coli using simple purification procedures, was used to generate crystals suitable for X-ray studies and to investigate the utilization by CK of bicarbonate and other carbamate analogs.	Bicarbonates	196-207	carbamate kinase	Escherichia coli	190-192
9578487-5	1998	Other functional similarities with CPS include the utilization of acetate by CK with a similarly high Km and the similar Km values of CK for carbamate and of CPS for bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	166-177	carbamate kinase	Escherichia coli	77-79
9524195-8	1998	Furthermore, MN/CA IX has a completely conserved active site domain of CAs suggesting that it could also participate in carbon dioxide/bicarbonate homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	135-146	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	16-21
9497368-2	1998	Cl-/HCO3- exchange mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger in the basolateral membrane of type A intercalated cells is thought to be an essential component of lumenal H+ secretion by collecting duct intercalated cells.	Bicarbonates	4-8	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	35-38
9497368-6	1998	Recombinant kidney AE1 R589H expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed 20-50% reduction in Cl-/Cl- and Cl-/HCO3- exchange, but did not display a dominant negative phenotype for anion transport when coexpressed with wild-type AE1.	Bicarbonates	101-105	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	19-22
9530271-9	1998	The magnitude of the stimulated response to angiotensin II by Na/H and Na-dependent Cl/HCO3 exchanger in adult and tMCs is unchanged throughout development.	Bicarbonates	87-91	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	44-58
9578382-3	1998	Regulation of pHi depends on continuous activity of membrane transport systems that mediate an outflux of H+ (or bicarbonate influx), whereby the acid load is counterbalanced.	Bicarbonates	113-124	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
9530182-4	1998	Because Isc could be partially inhibited by basolateral 4,4"-dinitrostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid and because the only known apical exit pathway for anions is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which has a relatively poor conductance for HCO3-, it was concluded that most basal Isc is HCO3(-)-dependent Cl- secretion [M. Singh, M. Krouse, S. Moon, and J. J.	Bicarbonates	260-264	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-214
9530182-4	1998	Because Isc could be partially inhibited by basolateral 4,4"-dinitrostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid and because the only known apical exit pathway for anions is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which has a relatively poor conductance for HCO3-, it was concluded that most basal Isc is HCO3(-)-dependent Cl- secretion [M. Singh, M. Krouse, S. Moon, and J. J.	Bicarbonates	307-311	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-214
9477304-2	1998	Previous immunohistochemical data have shown that anion-exchanger-2 (AE2) protein is expressed in the liver parenchyma, localizing at both the canaliculi and the luminal surfaces of intrahepatic bile ducts, where it may have a role in the biliary secretion of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	260-271	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	50-67
9587054-2	1998	AE2 is restricted to the basolateral membrane domain and is responsible for the basolateral uptake of Cl- and release of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	121-125	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
9516235-5	1998	ACTZ markedly inhibited the rapid pHi changes elicited by bicarbonate/CO2 removal and readdition but DBI was ineffective in this respect, consistent with the inability of DBI to enter the cell and inhibit cytoplasmic CA isozymes.	Bicarbonates	58-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	34-37
9516235-14	1998	We suggest that the CA-IV isozyme might catalyze rapid equilibration of H+ and HCO3- with CO2 in the unstirred layer outside the plasma membrane, preventing local accumulation of H+ which competes with sodium for the same external Na-H exchanger binding site.	Bicarbonates	79-83	carbonic anhydrase 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	20-25
9477304-2	1998	Previous immunohistochemical data have shown that anion-exchanger-2 (AE2) protein is expressed in the liver parenchyma, localizing at both the canaliculi and the luminal surfaces of intrahepatic bile ducts, where it may have a role in the biliary secretion of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	260-271	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	69-72
9563070-7	1998	AE2-mediated [14C]benzoic acid uptake was inhibited by Cl-, HCO3-, and DIDS.	Bicarbonates	60-64	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
9422766-3	1998	This Cl:HCO3 exchanger, kAE1, is an alternately spliced form of the erythroid anion exchanger (AE1, band 3), but unlike band 3 it does not bind ankyrin.	Bicarbonates	8-12	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	24-28
9488250-11	1998	In examining the determinants of pHi, the intramucosal-arterial PCO2 difference was improved after enalaprilat administration (27 +/- 6 to 17 +/- 3 mmHg, p = .04) while no difference was observed in arterial bicarbonate (19.5 +/- .7 to 19.7 +/- .8, p = .90).	Bicarbonates	208-219	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	33-36
9514197-6	1998	In HCO3(-)-free media, the pHi recovery rate was reduced in control cells and was abolished at zero [Na+]o and by EIPA.	Bicarbonates	3-10	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	27-30
9514197-8	1998	Together, this points toward a combined role of DIDS-insensitive Cl-/HCO3- and passive H+ influx in the recovery of pHi after alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	69-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	116-119
9486238-15	1998	Addition of 1.5% CO2/10 mM HCO3- elicits a hyperpolarization of &gt; 50 mV and a rapid decrease of intracellular pH (pHi), followed by an increase in pHi.	Bicarbonates	27-31	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
9486238-15	1998	Addition of 1.5% CO2/10 mM HCO3- elicits a hyperpolarization of &gt; 50 mV and a rapid decrease of intracellular pH (pHi), followed by an increase in pHi.	Bicarbonates	27-31	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
9486238-16	1998	Subsequent removal of Na+ in the presence of CO2/HCO3- causes a depolarization of &gt; 50 mV and a concomitant decrease of pHi.	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
9422766-3	1998	This Cl:HCO3 exchanger, kAE1, is an alternately spliced form of the erythroid anion exchanger (AE1, band 3), but unlike band 3 it does not bind ankyrin.	Bicarbonates	8-12	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	95-106
9549740-4	1998	After an equilibration period of 30 min, gastric pHi was calculated by applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation on the PCO2 obtained with the tonometer and the bicarbonate from the arterial blood gas analysis.	Bicarbonates	163-174	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	49-52
10353702-1	1998	The anion exchanger genes (AE1-3) encode a family of transport proteins responsible for the electroneutral exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across membranes.	Bicarbonates	119-130	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-32
10353703-2	1998	I present a brief summary of recent kinetic studies that provide insight into the mechanism of stilbenedisulfonate-chloride competition in binding to human erythrocyte band 3 (AE1) (B), the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	199-210	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	176-179
9461126-1	1998	Guanylin is a mammalian peptide ligand that binds to the enterocyte receptor guanylyl cyclase C and mediates Cl- and HCO3- efflux via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Bicarbonates	117-121	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
9461126-1	1998	Guanylin is a mammalian peptide ligand that binds to the enterocyte receptor guanylyl cyclase C and mediates Cl- and HCO3- efflux via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Bicarbonates	117-121	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-189
9592070-3	1998	Replacement of CO2/HCO3- in the bath by HEPES (26 mM, pH 7.4) for 10 min acidified pHi (0.07 +/- 0.03 units) and also excited VLN(CS).	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9714419-6	1998	These results suggest that PACAP-27 increases duodenal HCO3- secretion and this action may be important in maintaining the duodenal mucosal integrity against acid, and VIP affords duodenal protection by both increasing duodenal HCO3- secretion and decreasing acid secretion.	Bicarbonates	55-59	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
9714419-6	1998	These results suggest that PACAP-27 increases duodenal HCO3- secretion and this action may be important in maintaining the duodenal mucosal integrity against acid, and VIP affords duodenal protection by both increasing duodenal HCO3- secretion and decreasing acid secretion.	Bicarbonates	228-232	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
9714419-6	1998	These results suggest that PACAP-27 increases duodenal HCO3- secretion and this action may be important in maintaining the duodenal mucosal integrity against acid, and VIP affords duodenal protection by both increasing duodenal HCO3- secretion and decreasing acid secretion.	Bicarbonates	228-232	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
9435694-2	1997	Among the multiple transport processes that regulate VSMC pHi, Na(+)-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange is the major process that acidifies VSMCs in response to an alkaline load.	Bicarbonates	85-89	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	58-61
12075544-4	1998	It was hypothesized that increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and pyruvate concentration overwhelmed the oxamate LDH inhibitor in the enzymatic HCO3- assay, resulting in consumption of NADH and falsely elevated spectrophotometric reading.	Bicarbonates	160-164	LDH	Bos taurus	41-62
12075544-4	1998	It was hypothesized that increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and pyruvate concentration overwhelmed the oxamate LDH inhibitor in the enzymatic HCO3- assay, resulting in consumption of NADH and falsely elevated spectrophotometric reading.	Bicarbonates	160-164	LDH	Bos taurus	64-67
12075544-4	1998	It was hypothesized that increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and pyruvate concentration overwhelmed the oxamate LDH inhibitor in the enzymatic HCO3- assay, resulting in consumption of NADH and falsely elevated spectrophotometric reading.	Bicarbonates	160-164	LDH	Bos taurus	129-132
12075544-7	1998	Bicarbonate concentration was artifactually increased in a linear, dose-response relationship proportional to the amount of LDH activity in the sample; addition of pyruvate augmented this increase.	Bicarbonates	0-11	LDH	Bos taurus	124-127
12075544-8	1998	It was concluded that increased serum LDH activity and pyruvate concentration secondary to severe muscle disease can result in artifactual increases in serum HCO3- values obtained by routine enzymatic assay.	Bicarbonates	158-162	LDH	Bos taurus	38-41
9429665-2	1997	The three transport pathways of importance for the control of pHi are a sodium-coupled bicarbonate transport, a Na,H-exchanger and a Cl,HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	87-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	62-65
9429665-2	1997	The three transport pathways of importance for the control of pHi are a sodium-coupled bicarbonate transport, a Na,H-exchanger and a Cl,HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	136-140	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	62-65
9435592-6	1997	Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport accounts for 33% of the total acid-equivalent efflux (JHe) from normal adult myocytes after intracellular acidification at pHi 6.75 in CO2/HCO3(-)-buffered solution.	Bicarbonates	6-10	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
9435694-8	1997	These data demonstrate the expression in native arteries and in VSMCs of products of the AE2 and AE3 genes, which may contribute to Na(+)-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in these tissues and cells.	Bicarbonates	154-158	NBPF member 3	Homo sapiens	89-92
9435694-8	1997	These data demonstrate the expression in native arteries and in VSMCs of products of the AE2 and AE3 genes, which may contribute to Na(+)-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in these tissues and cells.	Bicarbonates	154-158	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	97-100
9441471-7	1997	It has been customary to calculate so-called interstitial pH (pHi) by incorporating the measured pCO2 in the tonometer and the HCO3- in an arterial blood gas in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.	Bicarbonates	127-131	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	62-65
9375662-7	1997	When 25 mM bicarbonate plus 0.5 mM pyruvate increased pyruvate carboxylase flux to approximately the same extent as 15 mM bicarbonate plus 5 mM pyruvate, the rate of appearance of [14C] glutamate and glutamine was higher with the lower level of pyruvate.	Bicarbonates	11-22	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	54-74
9423183-0	1997	A functional CFTR protein is required for mouse intestinal cAMP-, cGMP- and Ca(2+)-dependent HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	93-97	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	13-17
9423183-3	1997	We had previously speculated that the regulator for intestinal electrogenic HCO3- secretion is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) channel.	Bicarbonates	76-80	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	99-138
9423183-3	1997	We had previously speculated that the regulator for intestinal electrogenic HCO3- secretion is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) channel.	Bicarbonates	76-80	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	140-144
9423183-12	1997	In summary, the results demonstrate that the presence of the CFTR channel is necessary for agonist-induced stimulation of electrogenic HCO3- secretion in all segments of the small intestine, and all three intracellular signal transduction pathways stimulate HCO3- secretion exclusively via activation of the CFTR channel.	Bicarbonates	135-139	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	61-65
9423183-12	1997	In summary, the results demonstrate that the presence of the CFTR channel is necessary for agonist-induced stimulation of electrogenic HCO3- secretion in all segments of the small intestine, and all three intracellular signal transduction pathways stimulate HCO3- secretion exclusively via activation of the CFTR channel.	Bicarbonates	258-262	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	61-65
9446931-8	1997	Specific immunostaining for CA-II and CA-I could be observed in the organ, suggesting the bicarbonate in bovine semen to derive primarily from the genital tract and not accessory reproductive organs.	Bicarbonates	90-101	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	28-33
9446931-8	1997	Specific immunostaining for CA-II and CA-I could be observed in the organ, suggesting the bicarbonate in bovine semen to derive primarily from the genital tract and not accessory reproductive organs.	Bicarbonates	90-101	carbonic anhydrase 1	Bos taurus	28-32
9352857-7	1997	SC-51089 (EP1 antagonist) inhibited the HCO3--stimulatory action of sulprostone only in the stomach.	Bicarbonates	40-44	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
9374703-6	1997	Simultaneous infusion of gastrin inhibited secretin-induced choleresis and bicarbonate output in BDL rats.	Bicarbonates	75-86	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	25-32
9374705-1	1997	The aim of this study was to examine the integrative response to neurokinin A (NKA) on duodenal mucosal permeability, bicarbonate secretion, fluid flux, and motility in an in situ perfusion model in anesthetized rats.	Bicarbonates	118-129	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
9374705-3	1997	Furthermore, duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, fluid output, and mucosal permeability increased in response to NKA.	Bicarbonates	30-41	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
9374705-6	1997	In indomethacin-treated rats, NKA further increased motility but decreased indomethacin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion by 70%.	Bicarbonates	99-110	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
9352857-5	1997	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by enprostil, sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2/EP3 agonist), and ONO-NT012 (EP3 agonist) but was not affected by butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
9352857-5	1997	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by enprostil, sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2/EP3 agonist), and ONO-NT012 (EP3 agonist) but was not affected by butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
9352857-5	1997	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by enprostil, sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2/EP3 agonist), and ONO-NT012 (EP3 agonist) but was not affected by butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9352857-5	1997	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by enprostil, sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2/EP3 agonist), and ONO-NT012 (EP3 agonist) but was not affected by butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
9352857-5	1997	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by enprostil, sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2/EP3 agonist), and ONO-NT012 (EP3 agonist) but was not affected by butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
9352857-5	1997	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by enprostil, sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2/EP3 agonist), and ONO-NT012 (EP3 agonist) but was not affected by butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
9352857-5	1997	Duodenal HCO3- secretion was stimulated by enprostil, sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist), misoprostol (EP2/EP3 agonist), and ONO-NT012 (EP3 agonist) but was not affected by butaprost (EP2 agonist) or 17-phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist).	Bicarbonates	9-13	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
9523771-2	1997	They may be broadly recognized according to the efficiency with which they catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and they differ in physicochemical properties, in sensitivity to various inhibitors and in their subcellular localization; cytoplasmic (CA I, CA II, CA III, and CA VII), cell-surface membrane (CA IV), and mitochondrial (CA V) and secretory (CA VI) isoenzymes have been described.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	275-280
9523771-2	1997	They may be broadly recognized according to the efficiency with which they catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and they differ in physicochemical properties, in sensitivity to various inhibitors and in their subcellular localization; cytoplasmic (CA I, CA II, CA III, and CA VII), cell-surface membrane (CA IV), and mitochondrial (CA V) and secretory (CA VI) isoenzymes have been described.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	282-288
9523771-2	1997	They may be broadly recognized according to the efficiency with which they catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and they differ in physicochemical properties, in sensitivity to various inhibitors and in their subcellular localization; cytoplasmic (CA I, CA II, CA III, and CA VII), cell-surface membrane (CA IV), and mitochondrial (CA V) and secretory (CA VI) isoenzymes have been described.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens	294-300
9523771-2	1997	They may be broadly recognized according to the efficiency with which they catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and they differ in physicochemical properties, in sensitivity to various inhibitors and in their subcellular localization; cytoplasmic (CA I, CA II, CA III, and CA VII), cell-surface membrane (CA IV), and mitochondrial (CA V) and secretory (CA VI) isoenzymes have been described.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	326-331
9523771-2	1997	They may be broadly recognized according to the efficiency with which they catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and they differ in physicochemical properties, in sensitivity to various inhibitors and in their subcellular localization; cytoplasmic (CA I, CA II, CA III, and CA VII), cell-surface membrane (CA IV), and mitochondrial (CA V) and secretory (CA VI) isoenzymes have been described.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	294-298
9523771-2	1997	They may be broadly recognized according to the efficiency with which they catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and they differ in physicochemical properties, in sensitivity to various inhibitors and in their subcellular localization; cytoplasmic (CA I, CA II, CA III, and CA VII), cell-surface membrane (CA IV), and mitochondrial (CA V) and secretory (CA VI) isoenzymes have been described.	Bicarbonates	126-130	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	294-299
9655153-0	1997	Effect of bicarbonate-based dialysis solutions on intracellular pH (pHi) and TNFalpha production by peritoneal macrophages.	Bicarbonates	10-21	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	68-71
9655153-0	1997	Effect of bicarbonate-based dialysis solutions on intracellular pH (pHi) and TNFalpha production by peritoneal macrophages.	Bicarbonates	10-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-85
9655153-19	1997	CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to Dianeal, both bicarbonate-based solutions caused only a mild drop in pHi of PMphi.	Bicarbonates	42-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	97-100
9655153-20	1997	We postulate this effect to be responsible for the improved capacity of PMphi to secrete TNFalpha when incubated in bicarbonate-based solutions compared to Dianeal.	Bicarbonates	116-127	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-97
9334206-12	1997	These data indicate that oatp-mediated taurocholate transport is Na+-independent, saturable, and accompanied by HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	112-116	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	25-29
9326249-0	1997	Band 3 Campinas: a novel splicing mutation in the band 3 gene (AE1) associated with hereditary spherocytosis, hyperactivity of Na+/Li+ countertransport and an abnormal renal bicarbonate handling.	Bicarbonates	174-185	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
9362336-2	1997	ET-1 was infused intraaortically (1.4 pmol x kg(-1) x min[-1]) into control animals and into those with increased distal tubule HCO3 secretion induced by drinking 80 mM NaHCO3 solution for 7-10 days.	Bicarbonates	128-132	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9362336-5	1997	By contrast, ET-1 increased distal tubule acidification in NaHCO3 animals predominantly by decreasing HCO3 secretion (-9.5 +/- 1.0 vs. -18.7 +/-1.8 pmol x mm(-1) x min(-1), P &lt; 0.001) with less influence on H+ secretion.	Bicarbonates	61-65	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
9362336-6	1997	When indomethacin was infused (83 microg x kg(-1) x min[-1]) to inhibit synthesis of prostacyclin, an agent previously shown to increase HCO3 secretion in the distal tubule, ET-1 increased distal tubule H+ secretion in both control (24.3 +/-2.2 vs. 15.7 +/- 1.6 pmol x mm(-1) x min(-1), P &lt; 0.02) and NaHCO3 (20.0 +/- 2.0 vs. 13.6 +/- 1.4 pmol x mm(-1) x min(-1), P &lt; 0.05) without affecting HCO3 secretion.	Bicarbonates	306-310	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
9362336-7	1997	The data show that ET-1 increases distal tubule acidification in vivo and can do so by increasing H+ secretion and by decreasing HCO3 secretion when the latter is augmented by dietary NaHCO3.	Bicarbonates	129-133	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
9292571-9	1997	Significantly higher IL-6 and IL-1beta release was found in the bicarbonate-buffered solutions, both under basal conditions and after LPS stimulation, compared with the lactate-buffered solutions (LPS stimulation: 1% amino acids/34 mmol/L bicarbonate, IL-1beta: 1,166 +/- 192 pg/mL; 1.5% glucose/34 mmol/L bicarbonate, IL-1beta: 752 +/- 107 pg/mL; 1.5% glucose/35 mmol/L lactate/pH 5.5, IL-1beta: 174 +/- 51 pg/mL).	Bicarbonates	64-75	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	21-25
9363766-0	1997	Transferrin--interactions of lactoferrin with hydrogen carbonate.	Bicarbonates	46-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
9328942-3	1997	In the presence of luminal arginine vasopressin (AVP, 10(-9) M), a significant increase in HCO3- reabsorption was observed both in ED (from 0.931 +/- 0.061 to 2.12 +/- 0.171 nmol.cm-2.s-1] and LD segments [from 0.542 +/- 0.086 to 1.67 +/- 0.111 nmol.cm-2.s-1].	Bicarbonates	91-95	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	36-47
9316422-4	1997	Similarly, varying pHo by changing PCO2 at constant [HCO3-]o or changing [HCO3-]o at constant PCO2 led to rapid, monotonic changes in pHi.	Bicarbonates	53-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
9366082-3	1997	In another type of experiment, changes in extracellular pH of solutions containing HEPES or HCO3-/CO2 buffers led to significant changes in pHi that did not seem to be back-regulated efficiently by duct cells.	Bicarbonates	92-96	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
9363766-9	1997	Between pH 7.4 and pH 9 with [HCO3-] about 20 mM, the concentration of the serum transferrin-bicarbonate adduct is always about 30%, whereas that of the apolactoferrin-synergistic anion adduct varies from 25% at pH 7.5 to 90% at pH 9.	Bicarbonates	30-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	81-92
9363766-9	1997	Between pH 7.4 and pH 9 with [HCO3-] about 20 mM, the concentration of the serum transferrin-bicarbonate adduct is always about 30%, whereas that of the apolactoferrin-synergistic anion adduct varies from 25% at pH 7.5 to 90% at pH 9.	Bicarbonates	93-104	transferrin	Homo sapiens	81-92
9363766-11	1997	This can be explained by the possible interaction of lactoferrin with carbonate in neutral media, whereas transferrin only interacts with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	138-149	transferrin	Homo sapiens	106-117
9414035-4	1997	These findings suggest that duodenal ulcerogenicity of IND in the presence of histamine is mainly due to the inhibitory action on acid-stimulated bicarbonate secretion mediated by COX-1, but not by COX-2.	Bicarbonates	146-157	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	180-185
9316422-4	1997	Similarly, varying pHo by changing PCO2 at constant [HCO3-]o or changing [HCO3-]o at constant PCO2 led to rapid, monotonic changes in pHi.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
9316422-10	1997	Changes in TRC pHi may be involved in acid sensing, and salivary [HCO3-] may play a role in the maintainance of steady-state TRC pHi and in the neutralization of acid-induced changes in pHi.	Bicarbonates	66-70	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
9316422-10	1997	Changes in TRC pHi may be involved in acid sensing, and salivary [HCO3-] may play a role in the maintainance of steady-state TRC pHi and in the neutralization of acid-induced changes in pHi.	Bicarbonates	66-70	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
9292571-9	1997	Significantly higher IL-6 and IL-1beta release was found in the bicarbonate-buffered solutions, both under basal conditions and after LPS stimulation, compared with the lactate-buffered solutions (LPS stimulation: 1% amino acids/34 mmol/L bicarbonate, IL-1beta: 1,166 +/- 192 pg/mL; 1.5% glucose/34 mmol/L bicarbonate, IL-1beta: 752 +/- 107 pg/mL; 1.5% glucose/35 mmol/L lactate/pH 5.5, IL-1beta: 174 +/- 51 pg/mL).	Bicarbonates	64-75	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	30-38
9376463-9	1997	Coupling of the locally derived piCO2 with systemic arterial HCO3- concentration that results in the pHi as the sensitive parameter of the gastrointestinal malperfusion as suggested by Fiddian Green, is not correct.	Bicarbonates	61-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	101-104
9277338-1	1997	In this study we used imaging techniques with the fluorescent pH-sensitive dye 2",7"-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein to investigate the control of cytosolic pH (pHi) in two-cell mouse embryos in nominally HCO3(-)-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	215-219	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	167-169
9277338-1	1997	In this study we used imaging techniques with the fluorescent pH-sensitive dye 2",7"-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein to investigate the control of cytosolic pH (pHi) in two-cell mouse embryos in nominally HCO3(-)-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	215-219	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	171-174
9277338-2	1997	We found that the resting pHi of two-cell embryos (40-50 h after human chorionic gonadotropin) in HCO3(-)-free M2 was 7.31 +/- 0.01 (n = 172 embryos), which is significantly above the level predicted if H+ is at electrochemical equilibrium.	Bicarbonates	98-102	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	26-29
9277408-3	1997	In contrast, preincubation and perfusion of Rp-cAMPS, 100 microM, a specific PKA inhibitor, reduced the ability of secretin to stimulate both fluid secretion (111 vs. 25%; P &lt; 0.01) and Cl-/HCO3- exchanger activity (80 vs. 28%).	Bicarbonates	193-197	calmodulin 2, pseudogene 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
9277408-3	1997	In contrast, preincubation and perfusion of Rp-cAMPS, 100 microM, a specific PKA inhibitor, reduced the ability of secretin to stimulate both fluid secretion (111 vs. 25%; P &lt; 0.01) and Cl-/HCO3- exchanger activity (80 vs. 28%).	Bicarbonates	193-197	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
9277408-7	1997	These findings indicate that PKA but not PKC is involved in the signal transduction of secretin-stimulated fluid secretion and Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in rat bile duct epithelium, a process inactivated by dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases 1 and/or 2A.	Bicarbonates	131-135	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
9295213-2	1997	In the absence of light, pCO (&gt; 138 Torr) stimulated the carotid body chemoreceptors in CO2-HCO3- buffer at pHo of 7.40, whereas pCO (69-550 Torr) did not stimulate the neural discharge in HEPES buffer at the pHo of 7.4-7.1 but did so below pHo 7.1.	Bicarbonates	95-99	PCOS1	Homo sapiens	25-28
9247473-0	1997	Acid-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion involves a CFTR-mediated transport pathway in mice.	Bicarbonates	25-36	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	58-62
9247473-2	1997	The role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in acid-induced bicarbonate secretion is unknown.	Bicarbonates	91-102	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	16-67
9247473-2	1997	The role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in acid-induced bicarbonate secretion is unknown.	Bicarbonates	91-102	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	69-73
9247473-3	1997	The aim of this study was to determine whether CFTR mediates acid-stimulated duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	97-108	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	47-51
9247473-10	1997	CONCLUSIONS: Basal and stimulated proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion may involve a CFTR-mediated transport pathway.	Bicarbonates	52-63	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	88-92
9247473-11	1997	It is likely that CFTR, directly or indirectly, has a major functional role in mediating bicarbonate transport in the proximal duodenum.	Bicarbonates	89-100	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	18-22
9211803-4	1997	Since we have previously observed that the basolateral Na-HCO3-cotransporter operates with an overall stoichiometric ratio of q approximately 3 HCO3- :1 Na+ in vivo, but with q approximately 2 HCO3- :1 Na+ in vitro and that it responds differently in both cases to acetazolamide (ACZ), we have now tested whether the cotransporter can regain its in vivo function in vitro if the incubation conditions are improved.	Bicarbonates	144-148	electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-76
9269644-13	1997	Both bicarbonate fluids demonstrated a better preservation of the mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity (MTT assay) compared to Glu/ Lac (P &lt; 0.01) (Amino/Bic: 80.6 +/- 3.2%; Glu/Bic: 86.0 +/- 1.8%; Glu/Lac, 64.9 +/- 2.3%, referred to RPMI as control).	Bicarbonates	5-16	MIR155 host gene	Homo sapiens	158-161
9269644-13	1997	Both bicarbonate fluids demonstrated a better preservation of the mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity (MTT assay) compared to Glu/ Lac (P &lt; 0.01) (Amino/Bic: 80.6 +/- 3.2%; Glu/Bic: 86.0 +/- 1.8%; Glu/Lac, 64.9 +/- 2.3%, referred to RPMI as control).	Bicarbonates	5-16	MIR155 host gene	Homo sapiens	182-185
9211809-2	1997	In CO2/HCO3--free media, inhibiting Na+-H+ exchange produced a prompt fall of pHi (background acid-loading), the rate of which was reduced by raising the extracellular K+ concentration, [K+]o.	Bicarbonates	7-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
9252507-5	1997	In the presence of HCO3-, baseline pHi was higher in both groups and decreased after amiloride administration.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
9249879-9	1997	Bicarbonates play different roles: the same changes in pH cause greater changes in cCa2+ after acute metabolic rather than respiratory alterations.	Bicarbonates	0-12	crystallin beta B2	Homo sapiens	83-87
9331967-3	1997	The inhibition constants Ki for SOD and its conjugate (SOD-catalase)mic in 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.2, were 0.1 and 0.25 microM, respectively.	Bicarbonates	81-92	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
9331967-3	1997	The inhibition constants Ki for SOD and its conjugate (SOD-catalase)mic in 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.2, were 0.1 and 0.25 microM, respectively.	Bicarbonates	81-92	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
9331967-3	1997	The inhibition constants Ki for SOD and its conjugate (SOD-catalase)mic in 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.2, were 0.1 and 0.25 microM, respectively.	Bicarbonates	81-92	catalase	Homo sapiens	59-67
9298595-3	1997	Hepatic pHi decreased from 7.19 +/- 0.01 (n = 10) to 7.01 +/- 0.03 (n = 4) after the addition of 6 mM alanine to Krebs Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) perfusion medium.	Bicarbonates	126-137	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	8-11
9257115-9	1997	The putative VIP antagonist [Lys1,Pro25,Arg3,4,Tyr6]-VIP (abbreviated as VIPi) caused a selective and significant reduction in the HCO3- secretion evoked by VIP and blocked the vasodepressor response caused by VIP.	Bicarbonates	131-135	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9257115-9	1997	The putative VIP antagonist [Lys1,Pro25,Arg3,4,Tyr6]-VIP (abbreviated as VIPi) caused a selective and significant reduction in the HCO3- secretion evoked by VIP and blocked the vasodepressor response caused by VIP.	Bicarbonates	131-135	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9257115-9	1997	The putative VIP antagonist [Lys1,Pro25,Arg3,4,Tyr6]-VIP (abbreviated as VIPi) caused a selective and significant reduction in the HCO3- secretion evoked by VIP and blocked the vasodepressor response caused by VIP.	Bicarbonates	131-135	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9257115-9	1997	The putative VIP antagonist [Lys1,Pro25,Arg3,4,Tyr6]-VIP (abbreviated as VIPi) caused a selective and significant reduction in the HCO3- secretion evoked by VIP and blocked the vasodepressor response caused by VIP.	Bicarbonates	131-135	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9331967-1	1997	The catalytic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its conjugates with catalase and polymer peroxidase (p-peroxidase) obtained during covalent binding of enzymes with aldehyde dextrans was indirectly characterized by inhibition of adrenaline autoxidation in 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.2, and in microemulsion of 0.1 M aerosol OT (AOT) and Triton X-45 in octane containing 15% aqueous phase.	Bicarbonates	270-281	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	26-46
9331967-1	1997	The catalytic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its conjugates with catalase and polymer peroxidase (p-peroxidase) obtained during covalent binding of enzymes with aldehyde dextrans was indirectly characterized by inhibition of adrenaline autoxidation in 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.2, and in microemulsion of 0.1 M aerosol OT (AOT) and Triton X-45 in octane containing 15% aqueous phase.	Bicarbonates	270-281	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
9331967-1	1997	The catalytic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its conjugates with catalase and polymer peroxidase (p-peroxidase) obtained during covalent binding of enzymes with aldehyde dextrans was indirectly characterized by inhibition of adrenaline autoxidation in 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.2, and in microemulsion of 0.1 M aerosol OT (AOT) and Triton X-45 in octane containing 15% aqueous phase.	Bicarbonates	270-281	catalase	Homo sapiens	77-85
9265747-5	1997	In the pancreatic exocrine secretion, PYY could inhibit only bicarbonate secretion at only the highest dose of 200 pmol.kg-1.	Bicarbonates	61-72	peptide YY	Ovis aries	38-41
9136847-0	1997	Neuropeptide Y in the dorsal vagal complex stimulates bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion in rats.	Bicarbonates	54-65	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
9227642-0	1997	ANG II-dependent HCO3- reabsorption in surviving rat distal tubules: expression/activation of H(+)-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	17-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
9227642-1	1997	Distal tubules (DT) from sham or five-sixths nephrectomized (Nx) rats were perfused in vivo to evaluate the hypothesis that, after Nx, endogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) modulates DT in vivo bicarbonate reabsorption (JtCO2) via H(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) and Na+/H+ exchange.	Bicarbonates	191-202	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	162-168
9301476-10	1997	The cAMP cocktail caused an increase in pHi only when HCO3- was present, consistent with HCO3- influx.	Bicarbonates	54-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	40-43
9301476-10	1997	The cAMP cocktail caused an increase in pHi only when HCO3- was present, consistent with HCO3- influx.	Bicarbonates	89-93	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	40-43
9301476-11	1997	In control HCO3- Ringer, the cAMP cocktail caused a transient decrease in pHi, which could not be accounted for by inhibition of Na+:nHCO3- cotransport or stimulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	11-15	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	74-77
9176373-1	1997	In the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the rat kidney, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) reverses inhibition of HCO3 absorption by arginine vasopressin (AVP).	Bicarbonates	111-115	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
9626762-4	1997	Secretin induces a bicarbonate rich choleresis by stimulating the activity of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger by cAMP and protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation of CFTR regulatory domain.	Bicarbonates	19-30	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
9626762-4	1997	Secretin induces a bicarbonate rich choleresis by stimulating the activity of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger by cAMP and protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation of CFTR regulatory domain.	Bicarbonates	19-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	159-163
9626762-8	1997	Somatostatin and gastrin inhibit basal and/or secretin-stimulated bicarbonate excretion by down-regulating the secretin receptor and decreasing cAMP intracellular levels induced by secretin.	Bicarbonates	66-77	gastrin	Homo sapiens	17-24
9626762-8	1997	Somatostatin and gastrin inhibit basal and/or secretin-stimulated bicarbonate excretion by down-regulating the secretin receptor and decreasing cAMP intracellular levels induced by secretin.	Bicarbonates	66-77	secretin	Homo sapiens	46-54
9626762-8	1997	Somatostatin and gastrin inhibit basal and/or secretin-stimulated bicarbonate excretion by down-regulating the secretin receptor and decreasing cAMP intracellular levels induced by secretin.	Bicarbonates	66-77	secretin receptor	Homo sapiens	111-128
9626762-8	1997	Somatostatin and gastrin inhibit basal and/or secretin-stimulated bicarbonate excretion by down-regulating the secretin receptor and decreasing cAMP intracellular levels induced by secretin.	Bicarbonates	66-77	secretin	Homo sapiens	111-119
9237533-2	1997	The "resting" pH(i) in the CA1 pyramidal cell layers was 6.93 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- S.D., n = 72 slices) in 25 mM HCO3-/5% CO2-buffered solution at 37 degrees C. Exposure of hippocampal slices to NMDA in the range of 10-1000 microM produced a biphasic change in pH(i): an initial transient alkaline shift was followed by a long-lasting acid shift.	Bicarbonates	111-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
9237533-2	1997	The "resting" pH(i) in the CA1 pyramidal cell layers was 6.93 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- S.D., n = 72 slices) in 25 mM HCO3-/5% CO2-buffered solution at 37 degrees C. Exposure of hippocampal slices to NMDA in the range of 10-1000 microM produced a biphasic change in pH(i): an initial transient alkaline shift was followed by a long-lasting acid shift.	Bicarbonates	111-115	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
9151660-7	1997	This blocker also reduced the rate of bicarbonate reabsorption in this segment from 1.21 +/- 0.14 (n = 8) to 0.62 +/- 0.03 (8) nmol.cm-2.sec-1 as determined by stationary microperfusion and pH measurement by ion-exchange resin microelectrodes.	Bicarbonates	38-49	secretory blood group 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
9176156-14	1997	Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity is significantly reduced in the drug-selected derivatives overexpressing MDR 1 but not the parental CFTR clones.	Bicarbonates	4-8	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	101-106
9136847-8	1997	RESULTS: Microinjection of NPY (7-30 pmol) into the left DVC, but not the right DVC, dose-dependently increased bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion.	Bicarbonates	138-149	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
9136847-10	1997	CONCLUSIONS: NPY acts in the left DVC to stimulate bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion through the left cervical and hepatic vagus; these findings suggest that neuropeptides may act in the specific brain nuclei to regulate hepatic function.	Bicarbonates	77-88	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9403800-3	1997	Intravenous injection of PACAP-27 stimulated HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the duodenum but not in the stomach; at 8 nmol/kg PACAP-27 increased the HCO3- secretion to maximal values of four times greater than basal levels, although this peptide had no effect on duodenal HCO3- secretion after intracisternal administration (1 nmol/rat).	Bicarbonates	45-49	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
9222815-13	1997	These results suggest that the altered regulation of pHi in CHO cells adapted to pHe 6.7 is maintained by bicarbonate-dependent processes.	Bicarbonates	106-117	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	53-56
9403800-3	1997	Intravenous injection of PACAP-27 stimulated HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the duodenum but not in the stomach; at 8 nmol/kg PACAP-27 increased the HCO3- secretion to maximal values of four times greater than basal levels, although this peptide had no effect on duodenal HCO3- secretion after intracisternal administration (1 nmol/rat).	Bicarbonates	164-168	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
9403800-0	1997	Stimulatory effect of PACAP on gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion in rats.	Bicarbonates	46-57	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
9403800-3	1997	Intravenous injection of PACAP-27 stimulated HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the duodenum but not in the stomach; at 8 nmol/kg PACAP-27 increased the HCO3- secretion to maximal values of four times greater than basal levels, although this peptide had no effect on duodenal HCO3- secretion after intracisternal administration (1 nmol/rat).	Bicarbonates	164-168	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
9403800-3	1997	Intravenous injection of PACAP-27 stimulated HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the duodenum but not in the stomach; at 8 nmol/kg PACAP-27 increased the HCO3- secretion to maximal values of four times greater than basal levels, although this peptide had no effect on duodenal HCO3- secretion after intracisternal administration (1 nmol/rat).	Bicarbonates	164-168	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
9403800-3	1997	Intravenous injection of PACAP-27 stimulated HCO3- secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the duodenum but not in the stomach; at 8 nmol/kg PACAP-27 increased the HCO3- secretion to maximal values of four times greater than basal levels, although this peptide had no effect on duodenal HCO3- secretion after intracisternal administration (1 nmol/rat).	Bicarbonates	164-168	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
9403800-5	1997	The potency of duodenal HCO3- secretory action was in the following order; PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP, and that of PACAP-27 was about 100-fold greater than that of PGE2.	Bicarbonates	24-28	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
9403800-5	1997	The potency of duodenal HCO3- secretory action was in the following order; PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP, and that of PACAP-27 was about 100-fold greater than that of PGE2.	Bicarbonates	24-28	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
9403800-5	1997	The potency of duodenal HCO3- secretory action was in the following order; PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP, and that of PACAP-27 was about 100-fold greater than that of PGE2.	Bicarbonates	24-28	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
9403800-5	1997	The potency of duodenal HCO3- secretory action was in the following order; PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP, and that of PACAP-27 was about 100-fold greater than that of PGE2.	Bicarbonates	24-28	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
9403800-6	1997	The duodenal HCO3- secretory action of PACAP-27 as well as PGE2 was markedly potentiated by prior administration of isobutylmethyl xanthine (10 mg/kg, sc), the inhibitor of phosphodiesterase.	Bicarbonates	13-17	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
9094265-1	1997	NHE3 is most likely the isoform involved in renal reabsorption of HCO3- and Na+.	Bicarbonates	66-70	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-4
9142951-0	1997	cAMP and genistein stimulate HCO3- conductance through CFTR in human airway epithelia.	Bicarbonates	29-33	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
9108448-1	1997	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) appears to be responsible for atropine-resistant, neurally mediated pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion and plays a role in both stimulation and inhibition of neoplastic growth in other organs.	Bicarbonates	122-133	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-29
9108448-1	1997	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) appears to be responsible for atropine-resistant, neurally mediated pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion and plays a role in both stimulation and inhibition of neoplastic growth in other organs.	Bicarbonates	122-133	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
9142920-9	1997	Moreover, in CFTR(-/-) mice, both forskolin- and carbachol-stimulated peak HCO3- secretions were fourfold less compared with those in CFTR(+/+) littermates (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 15.6 +/- 2.1 and 4.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 14.2 +/- 2.5 micromol x cm(-1) x h(-1), respectively; P &lt; 0.01).	Bicarbonates	75-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	13-17
9142920-10	1997	In conclusion, CFTR plays a significant role in mediating basal, cAMP-, and Ca2+-activated duodenal epithelial HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	111-115	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	15-19
9142920-0	1997	CFTR mediates cAMP- and Ca2+-activated duodenal epithelial HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	59-63	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
9142951-0	1997	cAMP and genistein stimulate HCO3- conductance through CFTR in human airway epithelia.	Bicarbonates	29-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
9142920-2	1997	The aims of this series of experiments were to determine if CFTR mediates basal and stimulated duodenal epithelial HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	115-119	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	60-64
9142951-3	1997	CFTR as the current carrier for HCO3- was identified by 1) stimulation by cAMP, 2) ATP dependence, 3) blocker sensitivity, 4) stimulation by genistein, and 5) lack of stimulation in CF epithelia bearing mutated delta F508 CFTR.	Bicarbonates	32-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
9142920-8	1997	Basal HCO3- secretion was diminished significantly (P &lt; 0.01) in CFTR(-/-)vs. normal CFTR(+/+) mice (2.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.4 micromol x cm(-1) x h(-1)).	Bicarbonates	6-10	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	68-72
9142951-10	1997	Blocker effects were absent in human CF tracheal cells homozygous for the delta F508 mutation of CFTR (CFT1); Cl- and HCO3- currents were rescued in CFT1 cells recombinantly expressing wild-type CFTR.	Bicarbonates	118-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-101
9142951-11	1997	Thus CFTR functions as a HCO3- and Cl- conductor, and genistein and bromotetramisole maximize CFTR activity in airway epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	25-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	5-9
9142951-3	1997	CFTR as the current carrier for HCO3- was identified by 1) stimulation by cAMP, 2) ATP dependence, 3) blocker sensitivity, 4) stimulation by genistein, and 5) lack of stimulation in CF epithelia bearing mutated delta F508 CFTR.	Bicarbonates	32-36	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	74-78
9142951-3	1997	CFTR as the current carrier for HCO3- was identified by 1) stimulation by cAMP, 2) ATP dependence, 3) blocker sensitivity, 4) stimulation by genistein, and 5) lack of stimulation in CF epithelia bearing mutated delta F508 CFTR.	Bicarbonates	32-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	222-226
9142951-4	1997	In pulmonary alpha-toxin-permeabilized Calu-3 monolayers, cytosolic addition of 100 microM cAMP stimulated apical HCO3- currents from -9.4 +/- 1.6 to -31.1 +/- 3.9 microA/cm2 (n = 18), and apical Cl- currents increased from -54.1 +/- 7.1 to -203.2 +/- 15.4 microA/cm2 (n = 27).	Bicarbonates	114-118	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	91-95
9142951-6	1997	Absence of cytosolic ATP resulted in loss of cAMP stimulation of HCO3- and Cl- currents.	Bicarbonates	65-69	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	45-49
9142951-7	1997	Genistein (50 microM), which has been proposed to inhibit phosphatases controlling apical CFTR, as well as the alkaline phosphatase inhibitor (-)-p-bromotetramisole (1 mM) further activated cAMP-stimulated HCO3- and Cl- currents.	Bicarbonates	206-210	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	190-194
9083276-12	1997	We suggest that overexpression of colonic H+-K+-ATPase in the early phase of renal reperfusion injury may be responsible for compensatory reabsorption of increased HCO3- load resulting from suppression of NHE-3.	Bicarbonates	164-168	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	205-210
9084415-5	1997	This indicated that CNP inhibited the activity of an exchanger that was Na(+)-dependent, HCO3(-)-independent, and sensitive to known inhibitors of NHE.	Bicarbonates	89-93	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
9083276-5	1997	The most striking changes followed 30 minutes of occlusion and 12 hours of reperfusion and involved the mRNA for NHE-3 (involved in HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubule and thick limb) and colonic H+-K+-ATPase (involved in HCO3- reabsorption in collecting duct).	Bicarbonates	224-228	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
9251767-1	1997	In order to examine the effects and the interaction of angiotensin II (ANG II, 1 pM) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP, 1 microM) on the kinetics of bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat middle proximal tubule, we performed in vivo experiments using a stopped-flow microperfusion technique with the determination of lumen pH by Sb microelectrodes.	Bicarbonates	151-162	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	55-83
9251767-2	1997	These studies confirmed that ANG II added to the luminal or peritubular capillary perfusion fluid stimulates proximal bicarbonate reabsorption and showed that ANP alone does not affect this process, but impairs the stimulation caused by ANG II.	Bicarbonates	118-129	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
9114240-8	1997	The GABA-induced pHi decrease, but not the accompanying I(m) and g(m) responses, was suppressed in CO2/HCO3(-)-free, N-2-hydroxy-ethylpiperazine-N"-2-ethane sulphonic acid pH-buffered solution.	Bicarbonates	103-107	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
9083276-5	1997	The most striking changes followed 30 minutes of occlusion and 12 hours of reperfusion and involved the mRNA for NHE-3 (involved in HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubule and thick limb) and colonic H+-K+-ATPase (involved in HCO3- reabsorption in collecting duct).	Bicarbonates	132-136	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
9130171-9	1997	On the other hand, pHi responded readily and reversibly to luminal perfusion with either low-pH (pH 2.5) solution (delta pHi = -0.36 +/- 0.05; n = 4; P &lt; 0.01) or CO2-free HCO3- Ringer solution (delta pHi = +0.10 +/- 0.01; n = 29; P &lt; 0.001).	Bicarbonates	175-179	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	19-22
9054574-4	1997	Furthermore, CA IV is more active in HCO3- dehydration than is CA II as illustrated by the nearly 3-fold increase in kcat/K(M) to 3 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1).	Bicarbonates	37-41	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
9054574-8	1997	Additional positive charges in the active site of CA IV stabilize anions as indicated by a decreased pKa for the Zn-bound water compared to CA II (6.2 vs 6.9), as well as lower inhibition constants for a variety of anions, including halides, sulfate, formate, acetate, and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	273-284	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
9054574-12	1997	The increased bicarbonate activity and altered pH profile are consistent with the proposed physiological role of CA IV in renal bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	14-25	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
9054574-12	1997	The increased bicarbonate activity and altered pH profile are consistent with the proposed physiological role of CA IV in renal bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	128-139	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
9006032-8	1997	Preliminary analysis of Synechococcus mutants in which ecaA has been inactivated by insertion of a drug resistance cassette suggests that extracellular carbonic anhydrase plays a role in inorganic-carbon accumulation by maintaining equilibrium levels of CO2 and HCO3- in the periplasm.	Bicarbonates	262-266	cd03379	Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	152-170
9124587-0	1997	PACAPs stimulate duodenal bicarbonate secretion at PACAP receptors in the rat.	Bicarbonates	26-37	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
9124587-3	1997	Intravenous injection of PACAP-27 stimulated HCO(3)- secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the duodenum, but not in the stomach, although this peptide had no effect on duodenal HCO(3)- secretion after intracisternal administration.	Bicarbonates	45-51	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
9124587-4	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action was similarly observed after intravenous administration of PACAP-38 and VIP, and the potency of action was in the following order: PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP.	Bicarbonates	13-19	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
9124587-4	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action was similarly observed after intravenous administration of PACAP-38 and VIP, and the potency of action was in the following order: PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP.	Bicarbonates	13-19	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
9124587-4	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action was similarly observed after intravenous administration of PACAP-38 and VIP, and the potency of action was in the following order: PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP.	Bicarbonates	13-19	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
9124587-4	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action was similarly observed after intravenous administration of PACAP-38 and VIP, and the potency of action was in the following order: PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP.	Bicarbonates	13-19	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
9124587-4	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action was similarly observed after intravenous administration of PACAP-38 and VIP, and the potency of action was in the following order: PACAP-27 &gt; PACAP-38 = VIP.	Bicarbonates	13-19	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
9124587-5	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action of PACAP-27 was potentiated by pretreatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, similar to that of prostaglandin E2, and was significantly attenuated by PACAP-(6--27) (PACAP antagonist) or Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2-VIP (VIP antagonist) but was not affected by bilateral vagotomy or prior administration of atropine, verapamil, and indomethacin.	Bicarbonates	13-19	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
9124587-5	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action of PACAP-27 was potentiated by pretreatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, similar to that of prostaglandin E2, and was significantly attenuated by PACAP-(6--27) (PACAP antagonist) or Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2-VIP (VIP antagonist) but was not affected by bilateral vagotomy or prior administration of atropine, verapamil, and indomethacin.	Bicarbonates	13-19	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-196
9124587-5	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action of PACAP-27 was potentiated by pretreatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, similar to that of prostaglandin E2, and was significantly attenuated by PACAP-(6--27) (PACAP antagonist) or Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2-VIP (VIP antagonist) but was not affected by bilateral vagotomy or prior administration of atropine, verapamil, and indomethacin.	Bicarbonates	13-19	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-196
9124587-5	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action of PACAP-27 was potentiated by pretreatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, similar to that of prostaglandin E2, and was significantly attenuated by PACAP-(6--27) (PACAP antagonist) or Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2-VIP (VIP antagonist) but was not affected by bilateral vagotomy or prior administration of atropine, verapamil, and indomethacin.	Bicarbonates	13-19	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	242-245
9124587-5	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action of PACAP-27 was potentiated by pretreatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, similar to that of prostaglandin E2, and was significantly attenuated by PACAP-(6--27) (PACAP antagonist) or Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2-VIP (VIP antagonist) but was not affected by bilateral vagotomy or prior administration of atropine, verapamil, and indomethacin.	Bicarbonates	13-19	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	247-250
9093890-0	1997	Influence of acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis on the plasma erythropoietin concentration in patients with chronic renal failure.	Bicarbonates	25-36	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	64-78
9093890-1	1997	The present study aimed to assess the influence of acetate (AC) and bicarbonate (BI) hemodialysis with a cuprophane membrane on plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels in 30 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).	Bicarbonates	68-79	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	135-149
9093890-1	1997	The present study aimed to assess the influence of acetate (AC) and bicarbonate (BI) hemodialysis with a cuprophane membrane on plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels in 30 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).	Bicarbonates	68-79	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	151-154
9093890-1	1997	The present study aimed to assess the influence of acetate (AC) and bicarbonate (BI) hemodialysis with a cuprophane membrane on plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels in 30 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).	Bicarbonates	81-83	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	135-149
9093890-1	1997	The present study aimed to assess the influence of acetate (AC) and bicarbonate (BI) hemodialysis with a cuprophane membrane on plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels in 30 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).	Bicarbonates	81-83	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	151-154
9041246-4	1997	RESULTS: Cells exposed to low pHo in both bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing buffers produced a decline in pHi to as low as 6.5, but this occurred without change in volume.	Bicarbonates	42-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-119
9041246-4	1997	RESULTS: Cells exposed to low pHo in both bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing buffers produced a decline in pHi to as low as 6.5, but this occurred without change in volume.	Bicarbonates	63-74	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-119
9124367-4	1997	After exposure to HCO3(-)-free medium at pH 7.4 (incubation control), CGRP fell moderately from no-release levels.	Bicarbonates	18-23	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
9124367-6	1997	CGRP staining of explants incubated with 24 mM HCO3- maintained no-release levels at and above pH 7.1 but decreased significantly at pH 6.8.	Bicarbonates	47-51	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9050234-10	1997	Adding CO2/HCO3- induced a large (&gt; 50 mV) and rapid hyperpolarization, followed by a partial relaxation as pHi stabilized.	Bicarbonates	11-15	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
8995260-3	1997	Acidification of the cytosol by the extrusion of HCO-3 is prevented by the concomitant activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), which is directly activated by cholinergic stimulation.	Bicarbonates	49-54	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	105-121
8995260-3	1997	Acidification of the cytosol by the extrusion of HCO-3 is prevented by the concomitant activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), which is directly activated by cholinergic stimulation.	Bicarbonates	49-54	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	123-126
8997183-4	1996	In the Langendorff-perfused heart, washout of CO2 brought about by switching perfusion between 25 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2-buffered solution and nominally HCO3(-)-CO2-free solution caused a transient rise in intracellular pH (pHi) measured by the chemical shift of 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	Bicarbonates	101-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	219-222
9182233-4	1997	The plasma concentrations of intact PTH were higher in patients with resorption; these patients had lower plasma concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, aluminum and 25OHD3 but similar plasma concentrations of phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D3.	Bicarbonates	140-151	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	36-39
8996186-8	1997	Peak effect was reached with 100 mg/kg, eliciting 40 mM HCO3- in urine; this is taken to be the effect of inhibiting CA IV.	Bicarbonates	56-60	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
8996186-9	1997	This compares to a peak of 103 mM HCO3- after 3 mg/kg aminobenzolamide, which agrees with previous data on other low molecular weight sulfonamides and defines the effect on CA II and CA IV.	Bicarbonates	34-38	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	173-178
8996186-9	1997	This compares to a peak of 103 mM HCO3- after 3 mg/kg aminobenzolamide, which agrees with previous data on other low molecular weight sulfonamides and defines the effect on CA II and CA IV.	Bicarbonates	34-38	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	183-188
9353169-1	1997	Effects of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as NS-398 and nimesulide on duodenal HCO3- secretory and ulcerogenic responses to mucosal acidification were examined in rats, in comparison with indomethacin, a nonselective COX inhibitor.	Bicarbonates	103-107	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
9089892-3	1997	Significant simple correlations (P &lt; 0.01) of log(s-EPO) were obtained with PaO2 (r = -0.66), PaCO2 (r = 0.59), HCO3- (r = 0.67), BE (r = 0.71) and SaO2 (r = -0.77).	Bicarbonates	115-119	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	55-58
11543590-10	1997	4-Acetamido-4"-isothio-cyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (SITS, 1 mM), a Cl-/HCO3- exchange inhibitor, affected the pHi of hASMCs both in static and flow conditions.	Bicarbonates	80-84	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	119-122
9029356-7	1996	Correction of metabolic acidosis by oral administration of sodium bicarbonate prior to glucose tolerance testing increased blood pH and bicarbonate concentrations and partially restored insulin response to the glucose tolerance test.	Bicarbonates	66-77	insulin	Bos taurus	186-193
8942735-0	1996	Guanylin strongly stimulates rat duodenal HCO3- secretion: proposed mechanism and comparison with other secretagogues.	Bicarbonates	42-46	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
8942735-2	1996	It was speculated that CFTR activation also regulates electrogenic duodenal HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	76-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
8942735-6	1996	Guanylin-stimulated HCO3- secretion was independent of luminal Cl-, inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate, and additive to the HCO3- secretory rate stimulated by glucagon and carbachol but not by the tested adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent agonists.	Bicarbonates	20-24	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
8942735-6	1996	Guanylin-stimulated HCO3- secretion was independent of luminal Cl-, inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate, and additive to the HCO3- secretory rate stimulated by glucagon and carbachol but not by the tested adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent agonists.	Bicarbonates	167-171	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
8942735-9	1996	CONCLUSIONS: Guanylin and STa stimulate electrogenic HCO3- secretion in rat duodenum, most likely via CFTR Cl- channel activation, but the different relationship for HCO3- to Isc in cGMP-than in cAMP-stimulated anion secretion suggests a different cellular source and/or signaling pathways.	Bicarbonates	53-57	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Rattus norvegicus	13-21
8942735-9	1996	CONCLUSIONS: Guanylin and STa stimulate electrogenic HCO3- secretion in rat duodenum, most likely via CFTR Cl- channel activation, but the different relationship for HCO3- to Isc in cGMP-than in cAMP-stimulated anion secretion suggests a different cellular source and/or signaling pathways.	Bicarbonates	166-170	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Rattus norvegicus	13-21
8946002-5	1996	Consistent with the cotransporter stimulation, PMA decreased steady-state pHi in the presence of CO2/ HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	102-106	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	74-77
8914992-0	1996	Bicarbonate/CO2 induces rapid activation of phospholipase A2 and renders boar spermatozoa capable of undergoing acrosomal exocytosis in response to progesterone.	Bicarbonates	0-11	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	44-60
8914992-2	1996	We found that, in the presence of Ca2+, a 10-min exposure of boar spermatozoa to bicarbonate led to a partial activation of phospholipase A2, primed spermatozoa for a major subsequent activation of this enzyme upon stimulation with progesterone and furthermore rendered spermatozoa capable of undergoing exocytosis in response to this steroid.	Bicarbonates	81-92	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
8914992-2	1996	We found that, in the presence of Ca2+, a 10-min exposure of boar spermatozoa to bicarbonate led to a partial activation of phospholipase A2, primed spermatozoa for a major subsequent activation of this enzyme upon stimulation with progesterone and furthermore rendered spermatozoa capable of undergoing exocytosis in response to this steroid.	Bicarbonates	81-92	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	124-140
8945991-3	1996	In the presence of angiotensin II (ANG II) (10(-12) M), a significant increase in HCO3- reabsorption was observed both in ED (from 0.930 +/- 0.060 to 2.64 +/- 0.210 nmol.cm-2.s-1 in luminally perfused tubules and from 0.850 +/- 0.040 to 2.03 +/- 0.210 nmol.cm-2.s-1 during capillary perfusion) and LD segments from 0.310 +/- 0.130 to 2.16 +/- 0.151 nmol.cm-2.s-1 during luminal perfusion and from 0.530 +/- 0.031 to 2.16 +/- 0.211 nmol.cm-2.s-1 with capillary perfusion).	Bicarbonates	82-86	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	19-33
8945991-3	1996	In the presence of angiotensin II (ANG II) (10(-12) M), a significant increase in HCO3- reabsorption was observed both in ED (from 0.930 +/- 0.060 to 2.64 +/- 0.210 nmol.cm-2.s-1 in luminally perfused tubules and from 0.850 +/- 0.040 to 2.03 +/- 0.210 nmol.cm-2.s-1 during capillary perfusion) and LD segments from 0.310 +/- 0.130 to 2.16 +/- 0.151 nmol.cm-2.s-1 during luminal perfusion and from 0.530 +/- 0.031 to 2.16 +/- 0.211 nmol.cm-2.s-1 with capillary perfusion).	Bicarbonates	82-86	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	35-41
9019738-2	1996	pHi was changed by replacing phosphate buffer by the diffusible buffers CO2/HCO3- or NH3/NH4+ (pH 7.4).	Bicarbonates	76-80	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
9375356-5	1996	PACAP-27 and VIP increased pancreatic juice flow and bicarbonate output dose-dependently; however, the responses to the highest dose were not altered significantly by atropine.	Bicarbonates	53-64	pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide	Ovis aries	0-5
9375356-5	1996	PACAP-27 and VIP increased pancreatic juice flow and bicarbonate output dose-dependently; however, the responses to the highest dose were not altered significantly by atropine.	Bicarbonates	53-64	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Ovis aries	13-16
8903383-9	1996	The results show that CA IV is expressed in abundance in the human gallbladder epithelium, where it may participate together with cytoplasmic CA II and ion transporters in acidification of the gallbladder bile via bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	214-225	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
8933368-4	1996	In HCO3(-)-containing solution 2 mM amiloride slowed but did not block pHi recovery; the recovery however was dependent on extracellular [Na+] and sensitive to 0.3 mM DIDS, suggesting the presence of Na+/HCO3 cotransporter and/or Na(+)-dependent Cl-/HCO3-exchanger.	Bicarbonates	3-10	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 4	Mus musculus	200-222
9019738-3	1996	CO2/HCO3- buffers at 2,5 or 10% acidified pHi by 0.1, 0.32 and 0.38 pH units, respectively, and increased [Ca2+]i by 8-15 nmol/l.	Bicarbonates	4-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	42-45
9019738-5	1996	Removing the CO2/HCO3- buffer alkalinized pHi by 0.14 (2%), 0.27 (5%), and 0.38 (10%) units and enhanced [Ca2+]i to a peak value of 20, 65, and 143 nmol/l, respectively.	Bicarbonates	17-21	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	42-45
8912682-3	1996	Measurements with a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye show that intracellular pH (pHi) can be clamped at pH 7.08 by perfusing cells with a modified bicarbonate-buffered Krebs saline containing 92 mM NaHCO3 and equilibrated with 20% CO2.	Bicarbonates	143-154	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
8938899-10	1996	Removal of external Cl induced a reversible increase in pHi (inhibited by H2DIDS) in both villus and crypt cells, indicating a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in both.	Bicarbonates	131-135	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	56-59
8899068-0	1996	VIP-antiserum and indomethacin inhibit calcium and bicarbonate secretion by the inflamed feline gallbladder mucosa.	Bicarbonates	51-62	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	0-3
8899068-2	1996	In the present study the effect of indomethacin and vasoactive intestinal peptide-antiserum (VIP-antiserum) on the Ca2+, HCO(3)- and fluid secretion in the inflamed gallbladder were tested in a validated experimental model in cats.	Bicarbonates	121-127	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	93-96
8899068-5	1996	Indomethacin and VIP-antiserum inhibited the Ca2+, HCO(3)- and fluid secretion across the inflamed gallbladder mucosa.	Bicarbonates	51-57	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	17-20
8870668-3	1996	Like native HST, the recombinant protein can bind two ferric ions in the presence of bicarbonate, and is actively taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Bicarbonates	85-96	fibroblast growth factor 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
8840939-3	1996	Bicarbonate administration may, however, potentiate the effects of insulin and albuterol on plasma potassium.	Bicarbonates	0-11	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
8840939-7	1996	Intravenous insulin decreased plasma potassium by a similar degree when given in conjunction with bicarbonate or saline (-0.81 +/- 0.05 mmol/L v -0.85 +/- 0.06 mmol/L at 60 minutes; P = 0.65).	Bicarbonates	98-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
8917766-4	1996	Bicarbonate-dependent mechanisms were characterized as follows: (1) Replacing half of a 12 mM phosphate buffer by bicarbonate caused a sustained rise of pHi.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	153-156
8831588-9	1996	An additional effect of IL-10 was its induction of bicarbonate secretion only in the presence of secretagogues.	Bicarbonates	51-62	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
8831588-10	1996	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that IL-10 enhances intestinal electroneutral sodium and chloride absorption, inhibits stimulated chloride secretion, and under some secretory conditions stimulates bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	195-206	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
8862460-2	1996	We hypothesized that this might be due to up-regulation of the alternate pHi regulator, the Na(+)-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchanger, in the TR-4 cells.	Bicarbonates	108-112	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	73-76
8891880-1	1996	Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in the heart relies on the activity of three membrane mechanisms: the Na+/H+ exchange and an Na+, HCO3(-)-dependent transport, both activated after an acid load, and the Cl-/HCO(3-) exchange, activated by an intracellular alkalinization.	Bicarbonates	132-136	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
8917766-4	1996	Bicarbonate-dependent mechanisms were characterized as follows: (1) Replacing half of a 12 mM phosphate buffer by bicarbonate caused a sustained rise of pHi.	Bicarbonates	114-125	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	153-156
8917766-9	1996	It is concluded that both Na+/H+ exchange and bicarbonate transport control rod pHi, modulating the light-sensitive current.	Bicarbonates	46-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	80-83
8770047-8	1996	These data suggest that bicarbonate induces a conformational change in AE2 that can protect the polypeptide from deglycosylation and proteolysis.	Bicarbonates	24-35	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Sus scrofa	71-74
8794740-1	1996	Carbonic anhydrase V (CA V) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to produce bicarbonate and a proton.	Bicarbonates	101-112	carbonic anhydrase 5a, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	0-20
8794740-1	1996	Carbonic anhydrase V (CA V) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to produce bicarbonate and a proton.	Bicarbonates	101-112	carbonic anhydrase 5a, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	22-26
8914181-15	1996	This condition was demonstrated observing a cell energy depletion, which coincides in vitro with an acute EMP impairment; the lactate accumulation together with the consequent lowering of pHi seem to be responsible for this effect, which was not observed when bicarbonate was used instead of lactate.	Bicarbonates	260-271	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	188-191
8884695-0	1996	Sympathetic and VIP-ergic control of calcium and bicarbonate transport in the feline gall bladder mucosa in vivo.	Bicarbonates	49-60	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	16-19
8770047-0	1996	HCO3(-)-dependent conformational change in gastric parietal cell AE2, a glycoprotein naturally lacking sialic acid.	Bicarbonates	0-4	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Sus scrofa	65-68
8770047-4	1996	Deglycosylation of AE2 in membranes was preferentially inhibited by bicarbonate compared with other anions.	Bicarbonates	68-79	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Sus scrofa	19-22
8770049-1	1996	The Na(+)-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchangers in many tissues are encoded by AE2, which is a member of the anion-exchanger (AE) gene family.	Bicarbonates	26-30	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
8677271-5	1996	Endothelial cells attached to coverslips and continuously superfused with HCO3-/CO2 containing medium (25 mM HCO3-, 5% CO2; pH 7.40) have a steady state of pHi of 7.18 +/- 0.02.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	156-159
8865077-9	1996	Simultaneous application of NPPB and ACh accelerated the re-alkalinization following the initial acidification, indicating that NPPB inhibits HCO3- efflux.	Bicarbonates	142-146	natriuretic peptides B	Ovis aries	28-32
8865077-9	1996	Simultaneous application of NPPB and ACh accelerated the re-alkalinization following the initial acidification, indicating that NPPB inhibits HCO3- efflux.	Bicarbonates	142-146	natriuretic peptides B	Ovis aries	128-132
8829188-0	1996	Secretin-induced plasma bicarbonate decrease as a simple indicator of exocrine pancreatic function.	Bicarbonates	24-35	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
8829188-2	1996	A decrease in plasma bicarbonate was observed in persons with normal exocrine pancreatic function as defined by normal bicarbonate and enzyme secretion in the secretin-cerulein test (n = 39).	Bicarbonates	21-32	secretin	Homo sapiens	159-167
8829188-11	1996	The secretin-induced plasma bicarbonate decrease may therefore be used as a new simple tubeless test to evaluate exocrine pancreatic function.	Bicarbonates	28-39	secretin	Homo sapiens	4-12
8760255-1	1996	We have demonstrated in previous studies that luminal administration of low doses of angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulate and high doses of ANG II inhibit fluid and HCO3- transport in proximal tubules of rat kidney.	Bicarbonates	162-166	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	85-99
8760255-1	1996	We have demonstrated in previous studies that luminal administration of low doses of angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulate and high doses of ANG II inhibit fluid and HCO3- transport in proximal tubules of rat kidney.	Bicarbonates	162-166	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
8760255-1	1996	We have demonstrated in previous studies that luminal administration of low doses of angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulate and high doses of ANG II inhibit fluid and HCO3- transport in proximal tubules of rat kidney.	Bicarbonates	162-166	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
8760255-2	1996	However, the role of ANG II on Na+ and HCO3- transport in the distal nephron has not yet been fully elucidated.	Bicarbonates	39-43	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
8766016-0	1996	HCO3-dependent pHi regulation in tracheal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	0-4	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	15-18
8766016-5	1996	This residual Na-independent and HCO3-dependent pHi recovery was studied by using inhibitors of HCO3 and H transporters.	Bicarbonates	33-37	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	48-51
8766016-5	1996	This residual Na-independent and HCO3-dependent pHi recovery was studied by using inhibitors of HCO3 and H transporters.	Bicarbonates	96-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	48-51
8766016-9	1996	Thus, the HCO3-dependent, Na- and Cl-independent, DPC-blockable pHi recovery may be largely due to an influx of HCO3 via CFTR Cl channels.	Bicarbonates	10-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	64-67
8766016-9	1996	Thus, the HCO3-dependent, Na- and Cl-independent, DPC-blockable pHi recovery may be largely due to an influx of HCO3 via CFTR Cl channels.	Bicarbonates	10-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	121-125
8766016-9	1996	Thus, the HCO3-dependent, Na- and Cl-independent, DPC-blockable pHi recovery may be largely due to an influx of HCO3 via CFTR Cl channels.	Bicarbonates	112-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	64-67
8766016-9	1996	Thus, the HCO3-dependent, Na- and Cl-independent, DPC-blockable pHi recovery may be largely due to an influx of HCO3 via CFTR Cl channels.	Bicarbonates	112-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	121-125
8766016-10	1996	Under physiological conditions, when the electrochemical gradient for HCO3 is likely to be outwardly rather than inwardly directed, the CFTR (or another HCO3-permeable channel) may mediate HCO3 secretion and contribute to regulation of pH of the periciliary fluid.	Bicarbonates	70-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	136-140
8766016-10	1996	Under physiological conditions, when the electrochemical gradient for HCO3 is likely to be outwardly rather than inwardly directed, the CFTR (or another HCO3-permeable channel) may mediate HCO3 secretion and contribute to regulation of pH of the periciliary fluid.	Bicarbonates	153-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	136-140
8766016-10	1996	Under physiological conditions, when the electrochemical gradient for HCO3 is likely to be outwardly rather than inwardly directed, the CFTR (or another HCO3-permeable channel) may mediate HCO3 secretion and contribute to regulation of pH of the periciliary fluid.	Bicarbonates	153-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	136-140
8768839-9	1996	These results suggest a selective modulation by vitamin D of the renal response to PTH; 1,25-(OH)2D3 facilitates PTH-induced calcium and sodium reabsorption, but does not influence PTH-induced cAMP excretion; phosphorus, potassium, and bicarbonate tubular transport, or 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.	Bicarbonates	236-247	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	83-86
8841993-16	1996	Removing external Na+ in the absence of CO2/HCO3- caused pHi to decrease by approximately 0.3 in neurons with a relatively low initial pHi, and by approximately 0.5 in neurons with a relatively high initial pHi.	Bicarbonates	44-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8841993-22	1996	On average, the final CO2/HCO3- pHi for neurons with a relatively high initial pHi was similar to the pHi in Hepes buffer.	Bicarbonates	26-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
8841993-22	1996	On average, the final CO2/HCO3- pHi for neurons with a relatively high initial pHi was similar to the pHi in Hepes buffer.	Bicarbonates	26-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
8841993-22	1996	On average, the final CO2/HCO3- pHi for neurons with a relatively high initial pHi was similar to the pHi in Hepes buffer.	Bicarbonates	26-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
8841993-23	1996	Neurons with a relatively high pHi in Hepes buffer continued to be more alkaline (by approximately 0.2 pH units) in CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	120-124	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8841993-25	1996	When neurons with a relatively high initial pHi in Hepes (&gt; or = 7.25) were exposed to CO2/HCO3- and then acid loaded, Jtotal values were more than twice the highest values observed in neurons with lower initial pHi values.	Bicarbonates	94-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
8841993-29	1996	Those with higher initial pHi values in a Hepes buffer tend to have greater Jtotal values in both Hepes and CO2/HCO3-, and tend to have higher steady-state pHi values in CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	112-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
8841993-29	1996	Those with higher initial pHi values in a Hepes buffer tend to have greater Jtotal values in both Hepes and CO2/HCO3-, and tend to have higher steady-state pHi values in CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	174-178	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
8875602-0	1996	Role of protein kinase C in duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in the guinea pig.	Bicarbonates	45-56	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	8-24
8875602-1	1996	Since duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) is increased by m-cholinoceptor agonists, it was postulated that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in this secretion.	Bicarbonates	15-26	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	108-124
8875602-1	1996	Since duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) is increased by m-cholinoceptor agonists, it was postulated that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in this secretion.	Bicarbonates	15-26	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	126-129
8677271-5	1996	Endothelial cells attached to coverslips and continuously superfused with HCO3-/CO2 containing medium (25 mM HCO3-, 5% CO2; pH 7.40) have a steady state of pHi of 7.18 +/- 0.02.	Bicarbonates	109-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	156-159
8727026-1	1996	Gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) is often calculated by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, using arterial plasma [HCO3-]ap and PCO2 measured in saline obtained from a silastic balloon tonometer after equilibration in the lumen of the stomach.	Bicarbonates	112-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-28
8764317-9	1996	We conclude that 1) PGE2 reverses AVP inhibition of HCO3- absorption by activation of PKC, 2) PKC likely increases JHCO3 by inhibiting AVP-stimulated cAMP production via a Gi-dependent mechanism, and 3) PKC activity has no influence on basal HCO3- absorption rate.	Bicarbonates	52-56	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
8663158-13	1996	In Calu-3 cells, which natively express CFTR, trans-Golgi pH was (in 25 mM HCO3-) 6.19 +/- 0.05 (n = 25) and 6.17 +/- 0.08 (n = 23, CPT-cAMP).	Bicarbonates	75-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
8679650-6	1996	In HCO3-/CO2-buffered media resting pH1 was 7.42 +/- 0.01 (n = 36).	Bicarbonates	3-7	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	36-39
8679650-14	1996	Acid extrusion in physiological bicarbonate media is accomplished by a pHi-sensitive Na+/H+ exchanger and a pHi-insensitive Na(+)-HCO3-cotransporter, both of which are operational in control cells at the resting pHi.	Bicarbonates	32-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	71-74
8764317-0	1996	PGE2 reverses AVP inhibition of HCO3- absorption in rat MTAL by activation of protein kinase C. In the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the rat, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) reverses inhibition of HCO3- absorption (JHCO3) by arginine vasopressin (AVP) by inhibiting AVP-stimulated adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production.	Bicarbonates	32-36	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8764317-0	1996	PGE2 reverses AVP inhibition of HCO3- absorption in rat MTAL by activation of protein kinase C. In the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the rat, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) reverses inhibition of HCO3- absorption (JHCO3) by arginine vasopressin (AVP) by inhibiting AVP-stimulated adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production.	Bicarbonates	200-204	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8792313-12	1996	This secretion depends upon the presence, on the apical membrane of these cells of the CFTR, a chloride channel activated by cAMP and of a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	148-159	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	87-91
8661188-8	1996	For the same level of extracellular acidification, increases in PCO2 were more effective than acute decreases in HCO3- in acidifying pHi and eliciting disturbances in voltage-generating and ion permeability properties of the cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	113-117	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	133-136
8782109-10	1996	Recovery of pHi from an acid load imposed in the absence of HCO3- was dependent on external Na+.	Bicarbonates	60-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
8782109-11	1996	Addition of HCO3- to the perfusion medium increased the rate of pHi recovery from an acid load at room temperature but not at 37 degrees C. In the presence of HCO3-, DIDS slowed the rate of recovery of pHi from an acid load at both room temperature and at 37 degrees C. 5.	Bicarbonates	12-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
8782109-11	1996	Addition of HCO3- to the perfusion medium increased the rate of pHi recovery from an acid load at room temperature but not at 37 degrees C. In the presence of HCO3-, DIDS slowed the rate of recovery of pHi from an acid load at both room temperature and at 37 degrees C. 5.	Bicarbonates	12-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
8782109-11	1996	Addition of HCO3- to the perfusion medium increased the rate of pHi recovery from an acid load at room temperature but not at 37 degrees C. In the presence of HCO3-, DIDS slowed the rate of recovery of pHi from an acid load at both room temperature and at 37 degrees C. 5.	Bicarbonates	159-163	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
8782109-12	1996	Recovery of pHi following an imposed intracellular acidification to pH &lt; 6.5 could occur in the absence of external Na+, providing that HCO3- was present in the perfusate.	Bicarbonates	139-143	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
8844783-1	1996	To get information about the peptide hormone receptors involved in duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) and their cellular location, we determined DBS and adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in response to hormones of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/secretin family of peptides.	Bicarbonates	76-87	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	218-251
8693442-3	1996	Gastric pHi was calculated from the equation: pHi= 6.1 + log HCO3/(gastric PCO2 X 0.03).	Bicarbonates	61-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	8-11
8844783-10	1996	These data indicate that specific VIP receptors, which mediate VIP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion, are present on villous enterocytes.	Bicarbonates	78-89	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	34-37
8844783-10	1996	These data indicate that specific VIP receptors, which mediate VIP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion, are present on villous enterocytes.	Bicarbonates	78-89	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	63-66
8734352-6	1996	RESULTS: The secretin test was completed in 54 patients, and in 10 (19%) it showed a decreased maximal bicarbonate concentration, corresponding to 4% of the whole study group.	Bicarbonates	103-114	secretin	Homo sapiens	13-21
8731089-3	1996	We compared the effect of a sodium bicarbonate load on the intracellular pH (pHi) of hepatocytes placed in nonbicarbonate (NBBS) or bicarbonate (BBS) buffering systems.	Bicarbonates	35-46	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
8737084-4	1996	HCO3- secretion involves a basolaterally placed Na(+)-H+ exchanger and apical anion channel, most probably the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	111-162
8737084-4	1996	HCO3- secretion involves a basolaterally placed Na(+)-H+ exchanger and apical anion channel, most probably the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Bicarbonates	0-4	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
8737084-6	1996	CFTR accounted for 70% of HCO3- secretion, while the Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter accounted for 30%.	Bicarbonates	26-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
8593803-13	1996	However, only ANF increased water and Cl fluxes in the duodenum and decreased bicarbonate secretion in the ileum, whereas MCH increased bicarbonate absorption in the jejunum.	Bicarbonates	78-89	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8665914-1	1996	Iron uptake by transferrin from iron nitrilotriacetate (FeNAc3) in the presence of bicarbonate has been investigated in the pH range 6.5-8.	Bicarbonates	83-94	transferrin	Homo sapiens	15-26
8665914-6	1996	Finally, the holoprotein or the monoferric transferrin in its final equilibrated state is produced by a third modification in the conformation that occurs after approximately 3000 s. Iron uptake by the N-site does not occur when the apotransferrin interacts with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	263-274	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
8606009-0	1996	pH regulation in mouse sperm: identification of Na(+)-, Cl(-)-, and HCO3(-)-dependent and arylaminobenzoate-dependent regulatory mechanisms and characterization of their roles in sperm capacitation.	Bicarbonates	68-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	0-2
8606009-11	1996	Sperm capacitation results in pHi increases (from 6.54 +/- 0.08 to 6.73 +/- 0.09) that require a functional Na(+)-, Cl(-)-, and HCO3(-)-dependent acid-efflux pathway.	Bicarbonates	128-132	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	30-33
8621287-10	1996	PS120 and CCL39 cells and similar survival levels when heated at pHe 7.2 in the presence of NaHCO3, which allows function of the other major regulator of pHi, the Na+ -dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	94-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	154-157
8622979-2	1996	Cells expressing the most common mutation (delF508) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) exhibit a higher resting intracellular pH and are unable to secrete chloride and bicarbonate in response to cAMP.	Bicarbonates	187-198	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	59-98
8622979-2	1996	Cells expressing the most common mutation (delF508) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) exhibit a higher resting intracellular pH and are unable to secrete chloride and bicarbonate in response to cAMP.	Bicarbonates	187-198	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	100-104
8795459-11	1996	The action of NPE basolateral membranal CA IV is probably linked to the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Bicarbonates	81-92	carbonic anhydrase 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	40-45
8593817-8	1996	A similar rapid rise in pHi was produced by KIC in both HCO3- and HEPES buffers when its effects on [Ca2+]i were prevented, whether [Ca2+]i was kept low (4.8 mM KCl plus diazoxide) or high (30 mM KCl plus diazoxide).	Bicarbonates	56-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	24-27
8592004-8	1996	A further indication of different biochemical mechanisms at work was the opposite effects seen on pHi in the two cell lines upon the removal of extracellular CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	162-166	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	98-101
8821823-1	1996	PTH administration decreases proximal HCO3 reabsorption and inhibits the brush border Na-H antiporter.	Bicarbonates	38-42	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
8821823-3	1996	We studied the effect of PTH [1-34] on the Na-HCO3 cotransporter activity in rabbit renal basolateral membranes incubated with 50 microM ATP by measuring the 22Na uptake in the presence of HCO3 and gluconate.	Bicarbonates	46-50	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	25-28
8821823-14	1996	In cultured proximal tubule cells, PTH inhibited the HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake and ethoxyresorufin, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, blocked the inhibitory effect of PTH on the cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	53-57	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	168-171
8821823-14	1996	In cultured proximal tubule cells, PTH inhibited the HCO3-dependent 22Na uptake and ethoxyresorufin, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, blocked the inhibitory effect of PTH on the cotransporter.	Bicarbonates	53-57	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	35-38
8571208-0	1996	Intracerebroventricular secretin enhances pancreatic volume and bicarbonate response in rats.	Bicarbonates	64-75	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	24-32
8866756-7	1996	When pancreatic exocrine secretion was stimulated by secretin plus CCK-8, KSG-504 suppressed the increases in juice volume and bicarbonate output to the level stimulated by secretin alone.	Bicarbonates	127-138	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
8785408-8	1996	An inverse correlation was found between beta 2M and bicarbonate concentrations in plasma in the stable chronic renal failure patients (r = -0.54; P &lt; 0.05) and in the uremic patients before their first dialysis (r = -0.72; P &lt; 0.05).	Bicarbonates	53-64	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
8599028-6	1996	In presence of HCO3, the expressed Na-HCO3 cotransporter activity was like the native cotransporter, enhanced by carbonate or sulfite, a finding compatible with the existence of distinct sites for HCO3 and carbonate on the transport system.	Bicarbonates	15-19	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	35-56
8571208-2	1996	The hypothesis that intracerebroventricular secretin enhances pancreatic volume and bicarbonate output at doses that have no effect when given intravenously was tested.	Bicarbonates	84-95	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	44-52
8571208-5	1996	RESULTS: Increasing doses of intracerebroventricular secretin (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 microgram/1.0 microliter) induced a significant dose-related increase in bicarbonate output (2.95, 3.32, and 4.02 microEq/30 min, respectively) above basal (2.62 microEq/30 min) compared with control or intracerebroventricular saline treated animals.	Bicarbonates	157-168	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	53-61
8571208-8	1996	CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that intracerebroventricular secretin stimulates pancreatic volume and bicarbonate output and suggest that central secretin may play a role in the regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion.	Bicarbonates	112-123	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	70-78
8661819-13	1996	PYY at a dose of 800 pmol/kg/hr significantly reduced the volume of pancreatic secretion and its protein and bicarbonate content.	Bicarbonates	109-120	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
12013483-5	1996	RESULTS: Addition of angiotensin II to aortic rings incubated in Krebs" Ringer bicarbonate medium produced tension generation (0.9 +/- 0.12 g = 100%).	Bicarbonates	79-90	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	21-35
8772514-0	1996	Insulin inhibits secretin-stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate output by a dose-dependent neurally mediated mechanism.	Bicarbonates	48-59	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
8772514-12	1996	Secretin-stimulated (90-210 min) bicarbonate output was diminished by insulin (0.03 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.05 meq/10 min; P &lt; 0.003) in INN but not DEN animals; this effect was partially reversed by atropine.	Bicarbonates	33-44	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	70-77
8611598-2	1996	Basal pH(i) was higher in HC(O3-)- buffered solutions (7(7.33 +/- 0.01) than in nominally HCO3- free, Hepes buffered solutions (7.16 +/- 0.01, P &lt; 0.05).	Bicarbonates	26-31	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	6-11
8881572-1	1996	Carbonic anhydrases II and IV play an essential role in the synthesis and secretion of HCO3- ions in pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	87-91	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-29
8550822-0	1996	Role of angiotensin II in dietary modulation of rat late distal tubule bicarbonate flux in vivo.	Bicarbonates	71-82	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	8-22
8550822-11	1996	Therefore, these results suggest that AII is an in vivo stimulator of late distal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	89-100	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
9014143-1	1996	We have studied the effect of extracellular pH (pHo) on the GABAA receptor-mediated chloride conductance in acutely isolated pyramidal neurons from area CA1 of the rat hippocampus under whole-cell voltage clamp in bicarbonate-free solutions.	Bicarbonates	214-225	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
9019664-4	1996	NHE3, which is the apical isoform of the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle, is involved in bicarbonate reabsorption and displays activation during metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	107-118	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	0-4
8619369-5	1995	Decreased gap junction communication was also found in cells after 3, 8, and 24 h of incubation in a bicarbonate-CO2 system at an ambient pH of 6.9.	Bicarbonates	101-112	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	138-140
8554515-5	1995	Recovery of pHi in L1210 cells after a nigericin- or NH4(+)-mediated acid load in HCO3(-)-free buffers was mediated by Na+/H+ antiporter activity, in addition to a minor Na(+)-independent and amiloride-insensitive pathway.	Bicarbonates	82-87	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	12-15
8927624-8	1996	Potentiation of CCK-induced bicarbonate output by secretin was also unaffected by atropine and denervation.	Bicarbonates	28-39	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	16-19
8927624-10	1996	Further, potentiation of CCK-induced bicarbonate output by secretin does not depend on extrinsic neural or cholinergic elements.	Bicarbonates	37-48	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	25-28
8747226-5	1995	In bicarbonate ACSF, pHi averaged 7.24 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE, n = 21) and ranged from 6.86 to 7.79 pH units.	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
8747226-8	1995	On changing from oxygenated bicarbonate ACSF to either 10 or 25 mM HEPES ACSF, pHi decreased by 0.13-0.15 units, and the membrane depolarized by 10-11 mV.	Bicarbonates	28-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
8747226-12	1995	In bicarbonate ACSF and in 25 mM HEPES ACSF, there was a significant linear relationship between prehypoxic pHi and the direction and amplitude of the hypoxia-induced membrane potential change (either an hyperpolarization or a depolarization).	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
8587268-7	1995	The results also suggest the possibility that GC-B is involved in the regulation of bicarbonate transport in the cortical collecting tubule.	Bicarbonates	84-95	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
8622793-6	1995	In six patients, tissue bicarbonate concentration increased from 18 to 20 meq L-1 (p &lt; 0.05), indicating a 40-50% attenuation of the increase in hydrogen ion (H+) by nonbicarbonate buffering mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	24-35	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	78-81
8622793-9	1995	Marked increases in H+ were seen when baseline bicarbonate decreased below 10 meq L-1.	Bicarbonates	47-58	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	82-85
7557081-5	1995	Basal and stimulated (with HCl, prostaglandin E2, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide [VIP]) bicarbonate secretion was measured in three isolated intestinal segments: proximal duodenum, distal duodenum, and proximal jejunum.	Bicarbonates	95-106	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	54-87
8711265-1	1995	In previous investigations, it was found that rats depleted in parathyroid hormone (TPTX rats) had reduced rates of proximal bicarbonate reabsorption independent on blood calcium levels.	Bicarbonates	125-136	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	63-82
7557081-5	1995	Basal and stimulated (with HCl, prostaglandin E2, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide [VIP]) bicarbonate secretion was measured in three isolated intestinal segments: proximal duodenum, distal duodenum, and proximal jejunum.	Bicarbonates	95-106	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	89-92
8568652-0	1995	Involvement of renal kallikrein in the regulation of bicarbonate excretion in rats.	Bicarbonates	53-64	kallikrein 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-31
8568652-16	1995	We conclude that renal kallikrein is involved in the regulation of urinary bicarbonate excretion.	Bicarbonates	75-86	kallikrein 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-33
8584477-2	1995	METHODS: Several observations suggest that the gp120-alum interaction is weak, wherein buffer counterions such as phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate may cause the desorption of gp120 from alum.	Bicarbonates	134-145	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	174-179
8531367-4	1995	Hyposecretion of bicarbonate in secretin test seemed to be characteristic in SS.	Bicarbonates	17-28	secretin	Homo sapiens	32-40
8593294-8	1995	Bicarbonate secretion was stimulated dose-dependently by VIP.	Bicarbonates	0-11	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Ovis aries	57-60
8577680-1	1995	Pancreatic duct bicarbonate secretion is mediated primarily by secretin-induced elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP, although little is known of the effects of other physiological regulators on pancreatic duct cyclic AMP metabolism.	Bicarbonates	16-27	secretin	Cavia porcellus	63-71
8537444-11	1995	Inhibition of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by decreasing extracellular Cl- gives a pronounced long-term pHi increase, supporting the hypothesis that this exchange has an important role in osteoclast pHi homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	18-22	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	94-97
8545608-5	1995	Injection of VIP antiserum or indomethacin restored H+ secretion and inhibited HCO3- and fluid secretion by the inflamed gallbladder mucosa.	Bicarbonates	79-83	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	13-16
7575397-3	1995	In HCO3(-)-free buffer (pH = 7.4), ET-1 (0.1-50 nM) induced a sustained, dose-dependent increase in pHi.	Bicarbonates	3-8	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
7575397-3	1995	In HCO3(-)-free buffer (pH = 7.4), ET-1 (0.1-50 nM) induced a sustained, dose-dependent increase in pHi.	Bicarbonates	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	100-103
7657618-0	1995	Angiotensin II activates the Na+/HCO3- symport through a phosphoinositide-independent mechanism in cardiac cells.	Bicarbonates	33-37	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
7657618-6	1995	Ammonia rebound experiments showed AngII increased the initial rate of recovery from an imposed acid load by 3.15-fold and showed that the hormone led to the selective activation of the Na+/HCO3- symport.	Bicarbonates	190-194	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
8537444-11	1995	Inhibition of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by decreasing extracellular Cl- gives a pronounced long-term pHi increase, supporting the hypothesis that this exchange has an important role in osteoclast pHi homeostasis.	Bicarbonates	18-22	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	189-192
7615086-1	1995	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) generates bicarbonate in human pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	40-51	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
7490083-2	1995	It is of interest for its putative roles in providing bicarbonate to carbamoyl phosphate synthetase for ureagenesis and to pyruvate carboxylase for gluconeogenesis and its possible importance in explaining certain inherited metabolic disorders with hyperammonemia and hypoglycemia.	Bicarbonates	54-65	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	123-143
7478914-1	1995	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits renal proximal tubular phosphate (Pi) and bicarbonate reabsorption by regulating the activity of apical Na/Pi cotransport and Na/H exchange.	Bicarbonates	77-88	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
7478914-1	1995	Parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits renal proximal tubular phosphate (Pi) and bicarbonate reabsorption by regulating the activity of apical Na/Pi cotransport and Na/H exchange.	Bicarbonates	77-88	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	21-24
7479678-4	1995	The infusion of secretin and CCK resulted in a significant increase in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion during the infusion of NRS, whereas the pancreatic secretory response of bicarbonate and protein was profoundly suppressed by the infusion of Anti-I in six pancreata so studied.	Bicarbonates	82-93	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	29-32
7479678-4	1995	The infusion of secretin and CCK resulted in a significant increase in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion during the infusion of NRS, whereas the pancreatic secretory response of bicarbonate and protein was profoundly suppressed by the infusion of Anti-I in six pancreata so studied.	Bicarbonates	189-200	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	29-32
7479678-7	1995	These results indicate that secretin- and CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein depends heavily on local action of insulin.	Bicarbonates	81-92	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	28-37
7479678-7	1995	These results indicate that secretin- and CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein depends heavily on local action of insulin.	Bicarbonates	81-92	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	42-45
7479678-7	1995	These results indicate that secretin- and CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein depends heavily on local action of insulin.	Bicarbonates	81-92	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	140-147
7625831-1	1995	Activity of glycine decarboxylase decreased by 60-70% after the isolated pea leaf mitochondria were aged for 5 h in the absence of glycine and was completely lost after 24 h. The reverse reaction, i.e., production of glycine from serine, ammonium, dihydrolipoate, and bicarbonate, was also inhibited in these aged mitochondria.	Bicarbonates	268-279	glycine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	12-33
7615086-1	1995	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) generates bicarbonate in human pancreatic duct cells.	Bicarbonates	40-51	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
7631787-5	1995	In vivo, somatostatin infusion caused a dose-dependent bicarbonate-poor decrease (57% maximal decrease below baseline; P &lt; 0.05) in bile flow in BDL but not in sham-operated rats; in contrast, secretin caused a dose-dependent bicarbonate-rich choleresis (228% maximal increase above baseline; P &lt; 0.05) in BDL but not in sham-operated rats.	Bicarbonates	55-66	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	9-21
7612008-1	1995	Secretin is a gastrointestinal hormone responsible for the regulation of bicarbonate, potassium ion and enzyme secretion from the pancreas.	Bicarbonates	73-84	secretin	Homo sapiens	0-8
7631787-5	1995	In vivo, somatostatin infusion caused a dose-dependent bicarbonate-poor decrease (57% maximal decrease below baseline; P &lt; 0.05) in bile flow in BDL but not in sham-operated rats; in contrast, secretin caused a dose-dependent bicarbonate-rich choleresis (228% maximal increase above baseline; P &lt; 0.05) in BDL but not in sham-operated rats.	Bicarbonates	55-66	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	196-204
7631810-1	1995	Three different mechanisms interact to control the cytosolic pH (pHi) of alveolar macrophages (M phi), namely, plasmalemmal vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), Na+/H+ exchange, and Na(+)-independent HCO3-/Cl- exchange.	Bicarbonates	201-205	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	65-68
7631787-5	1995	In vivo, somatostatin infusion caused a dose-dependent bicarbonate-poor decrease (57% maximal decrease below baseline; P &lt; 0.05) in bile flow in BDL but not in sham-operated rats; in contrast, secretin caused a dose-dependent bicarbonate-rich choleresis (228% maximal increase above baseline; P &lt; 0.05) in BDL but not in sham-operated rats.	Bicarbonates	229-240	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	9-21
7582505-4	1995	The action of NPY was dependent upon the presence of Cl- and HCO3- anions and was blocked by prior treatment of the tissue with a Cl- channel blocker.	Bicarbonates	61-65	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
7642974-5	1995	Both intraduodenal and intravenous infusions of CCK-8 resulted in marked pancreatic responses in juice outflow, bicarbonate output, and protein output.	Bicarbonates	112-123	cholecystokinin	Bos taurus	48-51
7616107-10	1995	HCO3- but not H2PO4-, SO4(2-), or ClO4- decreased MPO-mediated oxidation (iodination) of apotransferrin.	Bicarbonates	0-4	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	50-53
7616107-12	1995	HCO3- and H2PO4- may protect apotransferrin from MPO-mediated oxidative damage by preventing selective oxidation of one or both iron binding sites.	Bicarbonates	0-4	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-52
7632842-9	1995	By analogy with the kidney proximal tubule, we suggest that CA IV is involved in bicarbonate reabsorption mainly occurring in the corpus epididymidis.	Bicarbonates	81-92	carbonic anhydrase 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
7591712-2	1995	The role of Na+ and HCO3- in the production of TNF-alpha by monocytes was investigated; it was observed that replacement of Na+ in the culture medium with sucrose or choline chloride inhibited TNF-alpha production completely.	Bicarbonates	20-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-56
7591712-5	1995	Without HCO3- in the culture medium TNF-alpha production was inhibited by 92%.	Bicarbonates	8-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-45
7616107-0	1995	Bicarbonate and phosphate ions protect transferrin from myeloperoxidase-mediated damage.	Bicarbonates	0-11	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
7616107-0	1995	Bicarbonate and phosphate ions protect transferrin from myeloperoxidase-mediated damage.	Bicarbonates	0-11	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	56-71
7616107-2	1995	Optimal transferrin iron binding requires the coexistent binding of anions such as bicarbonate (HCO3-) near the protein"s two iron binding sites.	Bicarbonates	83-94	transferrin	Homo sapiens	8-19
7616107-2	1995	Optimal transferrin iron binding requires the coexistent binding of anions such as bicarbonate (HCO3-) near the protein"s two iron binding sites.	Bicarbonates	96-100	transferrin	Homo sapiens	8-19
7589788-0	1995	Influence of Hepes- and CO2/HCO(3-)-buffer on Ca2+ transients induced by TRH and elevated K+ in rat pituitary GH4C1 cells.	Bicarbonates	28-35	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
7589788-3	1995	In both buffers, addition of TRH induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i which attained a significantly higher peak in Hepes (357 +/- 43 nM) when compared with values measured in the presence of CO2/HCO3- (184 +/- 21 nM).	Bicarbonates	199-203	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
7589788-5	1995	The TRH-evoked increase in IP3 was higher in magnitude in Hepes than in CO2/HCO3-, although the stimulated/basal ratio was not different between the two buffers.	Bicarbonates	76-80	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
7589788-9	1995	The present results indicate that HCO3- has an influence on TRH-induced Ca2+ transient, at least in part by modifying the TRH-evoked production of IP3.	Bicarbonates	34-38	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
7589788-9	1995	The present results indicate that HCO3- has an influence on TRH-induced Ca2+ transient, at least in part by modifying the TRH-evoked production of IP3.	Bicarbonates	34-38	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
7591712-9	1995	These data suggest that (1) TNF-alpha production, as other proteins, is dependent on the pHi of monocytes,and (2) TNF-alpha production, in contrast to total protein, is modulated by Na(+)-dependent HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	198-202	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	114-123
7771514-10	1995	Our data suggest that AVP, via V2 receptors, and the second messenger cAMP stimulate IscCl and that Cl- secretion by mIMCD-K2 cells involves uptake of Cl- across the basolateral membrane by Na(+)-2Cl(-)-K+ cotransport and Cl-/HCO3- exchange and diffusion out of the cells across the apical membrane by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channels.	Bicarbonates	226-230	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	22-25
7759481-4	1995	Peak wavelength maxima of these spectral bands are identical to those reported for native transferrin in the absence of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	120-131	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
7751911-7	1995	Alkalinization of pHi obtained by incubating neurons in the presence of HCO3- or NH4 enhanced the glutamate-evoked release of 3H-AA, while pHi acidification obtained by blockade of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchangers decreased the glutamate response.	Bicarbonates	72-76	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	18-21
7590000-5	1995	RESULTS: C7-sorbin was the minimal peptide able to decrease duodenal VIP-stimulated fluxes of water, Na and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	108-119	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
7713887-6	1995	In the presence of 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS; inhibitor of HCO3-/Cl- exchange), the effect of glucose on pHi in HCO3- buffer became similar to that in HEPES buffer.	Bicarbonates	141-145	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	134-137
7721750-1	1995	AE1 (Band 3), a congruent to 110-kDa integral plasma membrane protein, facilitates the electroneutral movement of Cl- and HCO3- across the erythrocyte membrane and serves as the primary attachment site for the erythrocyte spectrin-actin cytoskeleton.	Bicarbonates	122-126	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
7713887-2	1995	In HCO3- buffer, glucose produced a steady-state increase in pHi that required metabolism of the sugar and was concentration-dependent between 0 and 10 mM (Km approximately 5 mM) before plateauing at a maximum value of approximately 0.2 pH units.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	61-64
7713887-2	1995	In HCO3- buffer, glucose produced a steady-state increase in pHi that required metabolism of the sugar and was concentration-dependent between 0 and 10 mM (Km approximately 5 mM) before plateauing at a maximum value of approximately 0.2 pH units.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	61-63
7713887-12	1995	In physiological HCO3- buffer, the activity of the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger overcompensates and leads to an increase in pHi.	Bicarbonates	17-21	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	115-118
7604180-7	1995	This basolateral Na(+)-dependent pHi recovery in the presence of HCO3-/CO2 was reduced, but present, in experiments where dimethylamiloride (DMA, 100 microM) or the stilbene derivative DIDS (500 microM) was in basolateral fluid.	Bicarbonates	65-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	33-36
7698616-2	1995	This study assessed the roles of Na+, H+, and HCO3- transport mechanisms in controlling pHi during short-term exposure of the gastric epithelium to luminal acid.	Bicarbonates	46-50	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	88-91
7698616-7	1995	Similarly, blocking of HCO3- transport (in the presence of Na+) by removal of HCO3-/CO2 or addition of 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid resulted in uncontrolled acidification of pHi despite increase in aiNa.	Bicarbonates	23-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	202-205
7698616-9	1995	CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that during short-term exposure of the gastric mucosa to luminal acid, both Na+/H+ antiport and HCO3- transport are needed to control pHi and maintain it within physiological ranges.	Bicarbonates	127-131	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	165-168
7604180-10	1995	These data indicate that alveolar epithelial cells express a basolateral Na(+)- and HCO3(-)-dependent, DIDS-sensitive, Cl(-)-independent pHi recovery process that probably represents Na(+)-HCO3(-)-cotransport (symport).	Bicarbonates	84-88	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	137-140
7702054-3	1995	The serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-, HDL2- and HDL3-cholesterol were significantly lower in patients on acetate than in those on bicarbonate dialysis.	Bicarbonates	153-164	HDL3	Homo sapiens	71-75
7658458-8	1995	The NHE-3 abundance remained constant in high, normal, and low [HCO3-] tubules.	Bicarbonates	64-68	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-9
7604180-10	1995	These data indicate that alveolar epithelial cells express a basolateral Na(+)- and HCO3(-)-dependent, DIDS-sensitive, Cl(-)-independent pHi recovery process that probably represents Na(+)-HCO3(-)-cotransport (symport).	Bicarbonates	189-193	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	137-140
7900765-3	1995	pHi recovery from an acute acid load was dependent on external Na+ and partially inhibited by the absence of HCO3(-) [N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered solution] or by the anion transport inhibitor 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS).	Bicarbonates	109-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
7605931-0	1995	GABAA-responses of CA3 neurones: contribution of bicarbonate and of Cl(-)-extrusion mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	49-60	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	19-22
7605931-2	1995	In order to study underlying anion-fluxes the gradient of bicarbonate across the membrane of CA3-neurones in hippocampal slices (guinea-pig) was reduced by several manoeuvres (NH4-prepulse-technique, CO2/bicarbonate-withdrawal-technique, acetazolamide, DIDS).	Bicarbonates	58-69	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	93-96
7605931-2	1995	In order to study underlying anion-fluxes the gradient of bicarbonate across the membrane of CA3-neurones in hippocampal slices (guinea-pig) was reduced by several manoeuvres (NH4-prepulse-technique, CO2/bicarbonate-withdrawal-technique, acetazolamide, DIDS).	Bicarbonates	204-215	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	93-96
7900765-4	1995	In an HCO3(-)-buffered physiological salt solution (PSS), pHi recovery was partially blocked by hexamethylene amiloride (HMA), an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, and completely blocked by DIDS and HMA together.	Bicarbonates	6-13	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	58-61
7900765-7	1995	These data suggest that human small arteries maintain pHi by Na+/H+ exchange and Na(+)-dependent HCO3(-) exchange in response to an acid load, and Na(+)-independent Cl-/HCO3(-) exchange to counteract intracellular alkalosis.	Bicarbonates	97-101	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	54-57
7569277-4	1995	After the infusion of VIP a linear dose-response relationship for pancreatic flow rate and bicarbonate output, up to the dose of 4 micrograms/kg, was observed.	Bicarbonates	91-102	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-25
7616606-1	1995	In the choroid plexus carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) supports the transport of bicarbonate ions, sodium ions, and water from blood to the CSF, and in the myelin sheath CAII supports compaction of myelin by stimulating cotransport of ions and water out from between the myelin membranes.	Bicarbonates	77-88	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	22-43
7616606-1	1995	In the choroid plexus carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) supports the transport of bicarbonate ions, sodium ions, and water from blood to the CSF, and in the myelin sheath CAII supports compaction of myelin by stimulating cotransport of ions and water out from between the myelin membranes.	Bicarbonates	77-88	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	45-49
7895565-5	1995	Carbachol, VIP, and PGE2 (all 10(-8) mol/kg) increased basal duodenal HCO3- secretion two- to threefold.	Bicarbonates	70-74	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	11-14
7895565-9	1995	In conclusion, somatostatin-14 inhibits basal and carbachol- and VIP-stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion, and its mechanism of action is not via inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in duodenal enterocytes.	Bicarbonates	89-93	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	65-68
7875488-9	1995	Pancreatic ductules also show Na+/HCO3- cotransport, which may account for a small fraction of secreted bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	104-115	HCO3	Sus scrofa	34-38
7752579-9	1995	At the end of the experiment, elevated plasma renin activity and pCO2, significantly decreased creatinine clearance, blood pH, pO2, base excess, HCO3-, oxygen saturation (P &lt; 0.01), a distinct glomerular proteinuria, and a final anuria were observated.	Bicarbonates	145-149	PCO2	Sus scrofa	65-69
7716135-13	1995	The observed inhibition after 250 pmol/kg/h of PYY was volume, 78% (p &lt; 0.01); bicarbonate, 84% (p &lt; 0.01); protein, 78% (p &lt; 0.01); whereas the physiologically relevant dose of 25 pmol/kg/h induced approximately 30% inhibition of these variables.	Bicarbonates	82-93	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
7716143-5	1995	The secretin/cholecystokinin-induced bicarbonate and protein outputs were significantly inhibited by PYY in both the innervated and denervated animals.	Bicarbonates	37-48	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	4-12
7716143-5	1995	The secretin/cholecystokinin-induced bicarbonate and protein outputs were significantly inhibited by PYY in both the innervated and denervated animals.	Bicarbonates	37-48	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	13-28
7716143-5	1995	The secretin/cholecystokinin-induced bicarbonate and protein outputs were significantly inhibited by PYY in both the innervated and denervated animals.	Bicarbonates	37-48	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	101-104
7864894-1	1995	Through binding to high affinity receptors, secretin is the major hormonal stimulant of ductular bicarbonate secretion in the pancreas, contributes toward enzyme secretion from pancreatic acinar cells, and has been implicated as a pancreatic growth factor.	Bicarbonates	97-108	secretin	Homo sapiens	44-52
7864155-9	1995	Over a broad range of pHi values, total net acid extrusion was approximately four times higher in bilateral presence of CO2/HCO3- than in its absence.	Bicarbonates	124-128	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-25
7873538-3	1995	With phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase the 18(V/KPEP) when the bridging O is labeled decreases from 1.0056 +/- 0.0007 to 0.9943 +/- 0.0002 as the concentration of bicarbonate, the second substrate, increases from 2 to 200 mM.	Bicarbonates	161-172	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	5-36
7851529-1	1995	Extracts of bean sprouts are capable of reducing ferredoxin and of catalyzing the incorporation of bicarbonate and acetyl coenzyme A into an organic compound that is likely to be pyruvate, in a reaction that requires reduced ferredoxin.	Bicarbonates	99-110	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
7864155-11	1995	Initial rate of luminal Na(+)-dependent net acid extrusion in presence of CO2/HCO3- was approximately 229 microM/s (pHi 6.92), approximately 1.8 times higher than the flux of approximately 127 microM/s (P &lt; 0.005) obtained in absence of CO2/HCO3- (pHi 6.66).	Bicarbonates	78-82	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-119
7865219-6	1995	Substitution of gluconate for Cl- in the basolateral fluid, but not the apical fluid, resulted in a rise in steady-state pHi that was reversible on replacement of the basolateral fluid with Cl(-)-containing buffer, which occurred in HCO3(-)- but not Hepes-buffered medium.	Bicarbonates	233-237	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
7864155-12	1995	CO2/HCO3- alkali-shifted the flux vs. pHi relationship by 0.3-0.4 pH units.	Bicarbonates	4-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	38-41
7864155-15	1995	Also, Na(+)-independent net acid extrusion rate was approximately two to three times higher in presence than in absence of CO2/HCO3- at comparable pHi.	Bicarbonates	127-131	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	147-150
7864155-17	1995	Stimulation of luminal Na+/H+ exchange and Na(+)-independent acid extrusion appears to be the major, if not the entire, explanation for the higher steady-state pHi caused by bilateral addition of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	200-204	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	160-163
7864156-11	1995	On the other hand, basolateral CO2/HCO3- increased the pHi recovery rate to an even greater extent than had bilateral CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	35-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-58
7864156-14	1995	On the other hand, adding CO2/HCO3- to only the bath substantially increased the rate of Na(+)-independent pHi recovery, which generally was greater than that observed with bilateral CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	30-34	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	107-110
7859941-7	1995	Even when the Na+/H+ exchanger was blocked by amiloride in nominally HCO3(-)-free solution, a rapid rise in pHi occurred during the first 3 min of reperfusion.	Bicarbonates	69-76	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
7736501-1	1995	OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the mechanisms, particularly bicarbonate dependent mechanisms, of intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from various acidoses in vascular smooth muscle and to explore the ATP dependency of the respective mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	66-77	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	121-124
7736501-10	1995	Under such conditions HCO3- dependent mechanisms contributed about 40% to the overall pHi regulating capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells.	Bicarbonates	22-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	86-89
7840150-3	1995	In the presence of HCO3-/CO2, pHi values were reduced to 7.41 +/- 0.02 (n = 12) and 7.40 +/- 0.01 (n = 28), respectively.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	30-33
7835590-0	1995	Effects of extracellular Ca2+ and HCO3- on epidermal growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes.	Bicarbonates	34-38	myotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	53-66
7825650-4	1995	Some proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption and all distal nephron proton excretion is a product of one of two proton translocating ATPase pumps, either an electrogenic H-ATPase or an electroneutral H-K-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	21-32	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	134-140
7825650-4	1995	Some proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption and all distal nephron proton excretion is a product of one of two proton translocating ATPase pumps, either an electrogenic H-ATPase or an electroneutral H-K-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	21-32	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	173-179
7766409-0	1995	Flow cytometric detection of bicarbonate-induced changes in lectin binding in boar and ram sperm populations.	Bicarbonates	29-40	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	60-66
7766409-4	1995	In the presence of bicarbonate, a live subpopulation of spermatozoa developed, which in both animal species showed higher binding affinities towards Phaseolus Vulgaris Agglutinin (PHA-E), Sophora Japonica Agglutinin (SJA), and Soybean Agglutinin (SBA), and lower binding affinity towards Erythrina Cristagalli Lectin (ECL).	Bicarbonates	19-30	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	310-316
7766409-7	1995	The bicarbonate-induced changes in lectin binding were not due to the onset of acrosome reactions, because spermatozoa induced to undergo acrosome reactions with the ionophore A23187 displayed very different lectin-binding patterns.	Bicarbonates	4-15	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	35-41
7766409-7	1995	The bicarbonate-induced changes in lectin binding were not due to the onset of acrosome reactions, because spermatozoa induced to undergo acrosome reactions with the ionophore A23187 displayed very different lectin-binding patterns.	Bicarbonates	4-15	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	208-214
7840143-3	1995	In nominally HCO(3-)-free medium, addition of 200 mM sucrose caused pHi to increase 0.33 pH unit on average in VSM cells but only 0.13 pH unit in CHO cells.	Bicarbonates	13-20	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	68-71
7840143-8	1995	In the presence of 10 mM HCO3-, osmotically induced delta pHi decreased by 60% in VSM cells but increased by 50% in CHO cells compared with the delta pHi in HCO(3-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	58-61
7840143-8	1995	In the presence of 10 mM HCO3-, osmotically induced delta pHi decreased by 60% in VSM cells but increased by 50% in CHO cells compared with the delta pHi in HCO(3-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	150-153
7825650-4	1995	Some proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption and all distal nephron proton excretion is a product of one of two proton translocating ATPase pumps, either an electrogenic H-ATPase or an electroneutral H-K-ATPase.	Bicarbonates	21-32	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	173-179
7872361-3	1995	pHi was measured, using the fluorescent probe BCECF (2",7"-bis-carboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein), both in nominal absence of bicarbonate (Hepes solution, pH 7.4; n = 10) and in the presence of HCO3-/CO2 buffer system (pH 7.4, [HCO3-] 25 mM, pCO2 40 mm Hg; n = 6).	Bicarbonates	196-200	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
7872361-3	1995	pHi was measured, using the fluorescent probe BCECF (2",7"-bis-carboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein), both in nominal absence of bicarbonate (Hepes solution, pH 7.4; n = 10) and in the presence of HCO3-/CO2 buffer system (pH 7.4, [HCO3-] 25 mM, pCO2 40 mm Hg; n = 6).	Bicarbonates	230-234	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
7872361-5	1995	This suggested that bicarbonate-independent pHi regulation was abnormal in dialysis patients.	Bicarbonates	20-31	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	44-47
7899465-11	1995	ASA, but not SA inhibited the secretin- and CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion including volume, bicarbonate, and protein in a dose-dependent manner without affecting basal pancreatic secretion.	Bicarbonates	98-109	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
7792027-1	1995	We examined in vivo the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) by uraemic monocytes upon stimulation with endotoxin-contaminated bicarbonate concentrate.	Bicarbonates	167-178	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	95-99
7792027-6	1995	One month treatment with sterile bicarbonate significantly decreased TNF alpha predialytic activity in monocyte supernatants (P &lt; 0.001) to levels closer to those of non-dialysed uraemic patients.	Bicarbonates	33-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-78
7760347-3	1995	A change from HEPES to HCO3(-)-buffered superfusate induced an immediate decrease in pHi and DT followed by a recovery in which pHi and DT stabilized at values slightly higher than in HEPES buffer.	Bicarbonates	23-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-88
7760347-3	1995	A change from HEPES to HCO3(-)-buffered superfusate induced an immediate decrease in pHi and DT followed by a recovery in which pHi and DT stabilized at values slightly higher than in HEPES buffer.	Bicarbonates	23-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	128-131
7760347-11	1995	However, acid equivalent extrusion is potentiated when both the Na+/H+ exchanger and the HCO3-dependent mechanism are simultaneously regulating pHi.	Bicarbonates	89-93	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	144-147
7479309-9	1995	These findings indicate that NPY acts in the brain to stimulate bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion through vagal and muscarinic pathways and suggest that peptides in the central nervous system may be involved in the vagal regulation of bile secretion.	Bicarbonates	64-75	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
7958697-1	1994	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Secretin has been shown to mediate feedback control of pancreatic secretion of fluid and bicarbonate in rats, guinea pigs, and dogs.	Bicarbonates	106-117	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	17-25
7716276-4	1994	Results showed that ANG II decreased bile flow and the excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and bile acids whereas it increased pH, bile osmolality and the excretion rate of bicarbonate and calcium.	Bicarbonates	178-189	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	20-26
7536674-2	1994	We demonstrate in the rat exocrine pancreas that enzyme-mediated release of GP2 from acinar cell membranes represents a pH-dependent process regulated by bicarbonate secreted from ductular cells.	Bicarbonates	154-165	glycoprotein 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
7536674-3	1994	Release of GP2 from secretin-stimulated pancreatic lobules, which retain intralobular ducts, was inhibited by (i) bicarbonate substitution, (ii) chloride substitution, and (iii) DIDS, a potent inhibitor of chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	114-125	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
7536674-3	1994	Release of GP2 from secretin-stimulated pancreatic lobules, which retain intralobular ducts, was inhibited by (i) bicarbonate substitution, (ii) chloride substitution, and (iii) DIDS, a potent inhibitor of chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Bicarbonates	215-226	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
7536674-7	1994	Our study defines functional roles for ductal bicarbonate in acinar cell and lumen physiology and provides a potential explanation for the biological significance of enzyme-mediated cleavage of GP2 from the apical plasma membrane.	Bicarbonates	46-57	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	194-197
7897491-6	1994	In HCO-3-buffered solution containing 3 mM K+, mean baseline pHi was 7.14 +/- 0.14 (mean +/- SD).	Bicarbonates	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
7625071-11	1995	(2) pH and the bicarbonate buffering capacity are significantly better maintained in PAS-2 than in PAS-1.	Bicarbonates	15-26	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	85-90
7707229-16	1994	The pHi range for allosteric activation found in this study would suggest that for both the ileum and the parietal cell anion exchanger, but especially for the latter, a potentiating effect of the allosteric activation and the HCO3- availability occurs within the physiological pHi range and can cause dramatic increases in maximal anion exchange rates with increasing pHi.	Bicarbonates	227-231	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-7
7707229-16	1994	The pHi range for allosteric activation found in this study would suggest that for both the ileum and the parietal cell anion exchanger, but especially for the latter, a potentiating effect of the allosteric activation and the HCO3- availability occurs within the physiological pHi range and can cause dramatic increases in maximal anion exchange rates with increasing pHi.	Bicarbonates	227-231	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	278-281
7707229-16	1994	The pHi range for allosteric activation found in this study would suggest that for both the ileum and the parietal cell anion exchanger, but especially for the latter, a potentiating effect of the allosteric activation and the HCO3- availability occurs within the physiological pHi range and can cause dramatic increases in maximal anion exchange rates with increasing pHi.	Bicarbonates	227-231	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	278-281
7810605-3	1994	Raising [K+]o from 3 to 12 mM increased pHi by 0.28 pH units in 26 mM HCO(3-)-buffered solution.	Bicarbonates	70-77	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	40-43
7810605-6	1994	The relationship between pHi and log[K+]o was found to be linear and to predict a stoichiometry of at least two HCO3- transported with each Na+.	Bicarbonates	112-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	25-28
7810605-7	1994	After removal of exogenous CO2/HCO3-, the direction of changes in pHi elicited by adding 1 mM HCO3- showed that net flux of HCO3- via the Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter was outward at rest and was reversed by depolarization.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	66-69
7810605-7	1994	After removal of exogenous CO2/HCO3-, the direction of changes in pHi elicited by adding 1 mM HCO3- showed that net flux of HCO3- via the Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter was outward at rest and was reversed by depolarization.	Bicarbonates	94-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	66-69
7810605-7	1994	After removal of exogenous CO2/HCO3-, the direction of changes in pHi elicited by adding 1 mM HCO3- showed that net flux of HCO3- via the Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter was outward at rest and was reversed by depolarization.	Bicarbonates	94-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	66-69
7958697-8	1994	CONCLUSIONS: A negative-feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and enzyme occurs in humans and is mediated via both secretin and cholecystokinin.	Bicarbonates	71-82	secretin	Homo sapiens	136-144
7923632-2	1994	In modified Krebs" solution containing 20 mmol/L HEPES and 4.4 mmol/L HCO3-, isoproterenol (1 mumol/L) caused a significant decrease of steady-state pHi from 7.20 +/- 0.02 to 7.13 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SEM) within 2 minutes.	Bicarbonates	70-74	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
7947682-4	1994	While evolutionarily divergent, iron binding by all described transferrin lobes is accomplished by a remarkably similar repertoire of residues, including two Tyr, one His, and one Asp, as well as a synergestic bicarbonate anion.	Bicarbonates	210-221	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
7947682-11	1994	In addition, like the transferrins, a bicarbonate anion is required for the efficient coordination of iron by Fbp.	Bicarbonates	38-55	folate receptor beta	Homo sapiens	110-113
7851988-5	1994	When pHi was increased above the normal steady-state pHi, a DIDS-inhibitable and Na(+)-independent acidifying recovery was evident, indicating the presence of Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	163-167	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
7851988-5	1994	When pHi was increased above the normal steady-state pHi, a DIDS-inhibitable and Na(+)-independent acidifying recovery was evident, indicating the presence of Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	163-167	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
7849254-5	1994	When 10(-12) M Ang 1-7 was added to the bath, fluid absorption increased to 1.47 +/- 0.10 nL/mm per minute (P &lt; 0.013) and bicarbonate increased to 115.0 +/- 12.8 pmol/mm per minute (P &lt; 0.004).	Bicarbonates	126-137	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
7708483-5	1994	Removal of external Na+ also caused a fall of pHi, and addition of CO2/HCO3- in Na(+)-free saline evoked a further fall of pHi, while the outward current was reduced or even reversed.	Bicarbonates	71-75	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
7708483-6	1994	The stilbene 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS, 0.3 mM) reduced the pHi recovery from the CO2/HCO3(-)-evoked acidification, and blocked the prominent intracellular acidification upon removal of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	118-122	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
7708483-6	1994	The stilbene 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS, 0.3 mM) reduced the pHi recovery from the CO2/HCO3(-)-evoked acidification, and blocked the prominent intracellular acidification upon removal of CO2/HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	222-226	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
7708483-9	1994	The results suggest that the CO2/HCO3(-)-dependent current is partly due to a reversible bidirectional, electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter, which helps to regulate pHi in these cells.	Bicarbonates	33-37	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
7918570-11	1994	Based on its subcellular localization, we conclude that NHE-3 may be involved in vectorial Na+ and HCO3- transport and pHo regulation.	Bicarbonates	99-103	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-61
7865639-11	1994	Prostaglandins of the E class and VIP are major factors that control bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	69-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	34-37
7943268-3	1994	However, after 30 min of RVD, pHi is not significantly different from the initial pHi in 20 mM HCO3- medium and is significantly higher in HCO3(-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	95-99	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	30-33
7943268-3	1994	However, after 30 min of RVD, pHi is not significantly different from the initial pHi in 20 mM HCO3- medium and is significantly higher in HCO3(-)-free medium.	Bicarbonates	139-143	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	30-33
7924732-2	1994	Using an isolated loop of the proximal duodenum of conscious rats, the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the duodenal HCO3- response to HCl was examined, especially interactions with participating cholinoceptor mechanisms and prostaglandins.	Bicarbonates	131-135	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
7924732-5	1994	The HCO3- secretion in response to graded doses of intravenous VIP (0.00625-6 nmol/kg/30 min) was dose-dependent to maximally 33.5 +/- 10.5 mumol/cm/hr.	Bicarbonates	4-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
7924732-6	1994	The HCO3- secretion during a single intravenous infusion of VIP (12 nmol/kg/hr), 13.9 +/- 4.2 mumol/cm/hr, was unchanged by atropine, reduced to 10.0 +/- 3.5 mumol/cm/hr by hexamethonium, and augmented to 18.9 +/- 4.7 mumol/cm/hr by indomethacin.	Bicarbonates	4-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
7924732-9	1994	In conclusion, in the duodenal HCO3- response to luminal HCl, VIP may have a stimulatory role, which partially depends on nicotinic, but not on muscarinic cholinoceptor mechanisms, and which is negatively modulated by prostaglandins.	Bicarbonates	31-35	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
7849254-11	1994	From these data, it was concluded that Ang 1-7 binds AT1 receptors and has a biphasic effect on fluid absorption, and at physiologic levels, the heptapeptide induces the stimulation of bicarbonate absorption.	Bicarbonates	185-196	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
7839095-0	1994	Duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in pigs is accompanied by compensatory changes in pancreatic and biliary HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	17-28	HCO3	Sus scrofa	112-116
7839095-5	1994	The increase in plasma secretin levels in response to duodenal acidification was reduced by stimulation and augmented by inhibition of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	152-163	secretin	Sus scrofa	23-31
7839095-6	1994	CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion can serve as a modulator of both pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion in response to luminal acidification, possibly through regulation of the release of secretin.	Bicarbonates	30-41	secretin	Sus scrofa	214-222
7916210-2	1994	(1994) Biochemistry 33, 7239-7249], we determined that Cl(-)- and -HCO3-dependent pHi homeostasis was perturbed in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells created by transfecting LR73 Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts with wild-type mu (murine) MDR 1 (Gros et al., 1991).	Bicarbonates	67-71	malic enzyme complex, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	237-242
7945208-1	1994	A form of fully oxidized bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase that is induced by CO2/HCO3- is described.	Bicarbonates	82-86	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial	Bos taurus	38-58
7524338-0	1994	pHi and serum regulate AE2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange in CHOP cells of defined transient transfection status.	Bicarbonates	40-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	0-3
7971175-2	1994	Under control conditions, intracellular pH (pHi) was 7.21 +/- 0.07 (n = 22) in HCO3(-)-containing and 7.21 +/- 0.09 (n = 12) in HCO3(-)-free solution.	Bicarbonates	79-86	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	44-47
7821379-6	1994	Replacement of 28 mM Hepes by 28 mM HCO3-/5% CO2 led to a 0.14 +/- 0.04 increase in pHi.	Bicarbonates	36-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	84-87
8051419-8	1994	Mammalian cells regulate pHi through the concerted action of a number of specific transport proteins, including sodium-proton antiporters and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers.	Bicarbonates	151-162	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-28
7944370-9	1994	strain Cat2, protocatechuyl-coenzyme A (CoA) was formed from catechol, bicarbonate, and uncombined CoA.	Bicarbonates	71-82	solute carrier family 7 member 2	Homo sapiens	7-11
7881813-3	1994	Intravenous infusion of PACAP-27 caused dose-related stimulation of pancreatic juice flow and bicarbonate and protein output; this effect was identical to infusion of secretin.	Bicarbonates	94-105	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Bos taurus	24-29
7528918-8	1994	We speculate that bicarbonate secretion from the human pancreas could be modulated by ACh, ATP, bombesin, and CCK via a direct effect on the duct cell.	Bicarbonates	18-29	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	96-104
7528918-8	1994	We speculate that bicarbonate secretion from the human pancreas could be modulated by ACh, ATP, bombesin, and CCK via a direct effect on the duct cell.	Bicarbonates	18-29	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	110-113
8040339-6	1994	Bicarbonate transport increased in animals on a high-sodium intake and following AII administration, and the latter was inhibited by the AII (AT1) receptor antagonist DuP 753; acute renal denervation lowered bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	0-11	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
8057362-1	1994	Structure of human carbonic anhydrase I complexed with bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	55-66	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	19-39
8057362-4	1994	The binding mode and interactions of HCO3- in HCAI differ from that in HCAII.	Bicarbonates	37-41	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
8057362-5	1994	The activity linked H2O/OH- group in the free HCAI is replaced by the hydroxyl group of the bicarbonate anion.	Bicarbonates	92-109	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
8074171-3	1994	Basal pHi averaged approximately 7.2 in HCO3- media and 0.1-0.15 pH units lower in nominally HCO3(-)-free media in all cell types.	Bicarbonates	40-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	6-9
8074171-3	1994	Basal pHi averaged approximately 7.2 in HCO3- media and 0.1-0.15 pH units lower in nominally HCO3(-)-free media in all cell types.	Bicarbonates	40-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	6-8
8040339-6	1994	Bicarbonate transport increased in animals on a high-sodium intake and following AII administration, and the latter was inhibited by the AII (AT1) receptor antagonist DuP 753; acute renal denervation lowered bicarbonate transport.	Bicarbonates	0-11	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
7911682-0	1994	Transfection of mu MDR 1 inhibits Na(+)-independent Cl-/-HCO3 exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Bicarbonates	57-61	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	19-24
7519402-4	1994	Augmented GP-2 secretion correlated with hormones that stimulated fluid and bicarbonate secretion from ductal elements.	Bicarbonates	76-87	glycoprotein 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
7519402-8	1994	Thus GP-2 secretion appears to be modulated by two discrete cellular processes: 1) delivery of prereleased GP-2 within zymogen granules to the ductal lumen by exocytic mechanisms and 2) enzymatic release of GPI-anchored GP-2 from the luminal membranes, a kinetic process that appears to be regulated by secretin- or carbachol-induced secretion of bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	347-358	glycoprotein 2	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
8013070-11	1994	The contribution of these bicarbonate-dependent pHi regulators, ie, the Na-HCO3 cotransporter and the Cl-HCO3 exchanger, cannot therefore be ignored even under nominally HCO3-free conditions.	Bicarbonates	26-37	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	72-93
7911682-16	1994	These data are consistent with a model for MDR protein function wherein overexpression of the protein decreases delta psi and/or elevates pHi via Cl(-)- and -HCO3-dependent mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	158-162	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Cricetulus griseus	138-141
8023967-4	1994	In fed rats, angiotensin II infused at a rate of 1.2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 stimulated bicarbonate reabsorption (JtCO2 16 +/- 3 pmol.min-1.mm-1), while antidiuretic hormone infused at 0.024 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 elicited a similar response (17 +/- 4 pmol.min-1.mm-1), both values being significantly different from control.	Bicarbonates	84-95	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	13-27
7515498-10	1994	We conclude that in acidified cells the WT-CFTR functions as a base loader by allowing a cAMP-dependent influx of HCO3- through channels that conduct HCO3- about one-quarter as efficiently as it conducts Cl-.	Bicarbonates	114-118	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	43-47
7515498-10	1994	We conclude that in acidified cells the WT-CFTR functions as a base loader by allowing a cAMP-dependent influx of HCO3- through channels that conduct HCO3- about one-quarter as efficiently as it conducts Cl-.	Bicarbonates	150-154	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	43-47
7515498-11	1994	Under physiological conditions, the electrochemical gradients for both Cl- and HCO3- are directed outward, so CFTR likely contributes to the epithelial secretion of both ions.	Bicarbonates	79-83	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	110-114
7515498-12	1994	HCO3- secretion may be important for controlling pH of the luminal, but probably not the cytoplasmic, fluid in CFTR-containing epithelia.	Bicarbonates	0-4	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	111-115
8023938-6	1994	In the presence of HCO3(-)-CO2, a 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive, Na-, Cl-, and HCO3(-)-dependent acid extrusion mechanism accounted for approximately 60% of pHi recovery from acidic pHi; this mechanism is most consistent with the presence of a Na-dependent Cl-HCO3- exchanger (Na+HCO3(-)-Cl-H+).	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	193-196
8023938-6	1994	In the presence of HCO3(-)-CO2, a 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive, Na-, Cl-, and HCO3(-)-dependent acid extrusion mechanism accounted for approximately 60% of pHi recovery from acidic pHi; this mechanism is most consistent with the presence of a Na-dependent Cl-HCO3- exchanger (Na+HCO3(-)-Cl-H+).	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	218-221
7515498-0	1994	Bicarbonate conductance and pH regulatory capability of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Bicarbonates	0-11	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	56-107
7515498-3	1994	The aim of this study was to determine the role of CFTR in HCO3- transport across cell membranes.	Bicarbonates	59-63	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	51-55
7515498-7	1994	This Na(+)-independent, forskolin-dependent pHi recovery was not observed in HCO3-/CO2-free medium.	Bicarbonates	77-81	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	44-47
8023967-0	1994	In vivo modulation of rat distal tubule net HCO3 flux by VIP, isoproterenol, angiotensin II, and ADH.	Bicarbonates	44-48	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8023967-0	1994	In vivo modulation of rat distal tubule net HCO3 flux by VIP, isoproterenol, angiotensin II, and ADH.	Bicarbonates	44-48	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	77-91
7946993-8	1994	pHi measurements in the presence of inhibitors of the various pH regulatory mechanisms showed that the Na+/H+ exchanger, the carbonic anhydrase and at least one of the bicarbonate-transport systems are involved in pH regulation of both cell types.	Bicarbonates	168-179	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
8023967-0	1994	In vivo modulation of rat distal tubule net HCO3 flux by VIP, isoproterenol, angiotensin II, and ADH.	Bicarbonates	44-48	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
8188169-8	1994	We conclude that AE2 immunoreactivity is present in human liver, where it localizes very specifically to the membrane regions, which appear most probably involved in the transport of bicarbonate to bile (i.e., the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and the apical side of epithelial cells of small and medium bile ducts).	Bicarbonates	183-194	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
7930475-1	1994	Secretin is known to stimulate the flow of bicarbonate-rich bile from the bile-duct epithelium, but has no effect on hepatocytes.	Bicarbonates	43-54	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
7930475-5	1994	In contrast, the simultaneous infusion of secretin significantly increased bile flow and the biliary excretion of bile acids and bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	129-140	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	42-50
7931513-16	1994	Further studies to address the role of Cl- and HCO3- in pHi regulation in synaptosomes are discussed in the companion paper.	Bicarbonates	47-51	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
7931513-18	1994	Increasing the concentration of Ko+ also resulted in a rise of steady-state pHi by a processes that is Ca2+ and HCO3- independent.	Bicarbonates	112-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
7931513-7	1994	Removal of external Na+, in the absence or presence of HCO3- caused a rapid acidification of pHi.	Bicarbonates	55-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
7931513-14	1994	In most eukaryotic cells, HCO3(-)-based transport mechanisms play an important role in pHi regulation.	Bicarbonates	26-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
8203522-1	1994	In many cell types, the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is different in the presence vs. absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	105-109	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-59
8203537-5	1994	[HCO3-]i was calculated from intracellular pH (pHi) values that were estimated with the pH-sensitive dye 2",7"-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein.	Bicarbonates	1-5	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
8203522-3	1994	In Cl(-)-depleted parietal cells, the dependence of maximal proton efflux rate on pHi showed a strong inverse correlation but was identical in the presence and absence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	171-175	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	82-85
8203522-6	1994	In Cl(-)-containing cells, there was also some Na(+)-independent, extracellular HCO(3-)- and intracellular Cl(-)-dependent, DIDS-inhibitable pHi recovery from an acid load, most likely due to intracellular Cl(-)-extracellular HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	226-230	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	141-144
8203522-7	1994	Recovery from an alkaline load was primarily mediated by anion exchange, and the dependence of maximal anion exchange rates on pHi was very different in the absence and presence of HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	181-185	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	127-130
8203522-9	1994	In the presence of HCO3-, however, there was an S-shaped dependence of maximal flux rates on pHi, with a steep increase in flux rates between 6.8 and 7.5.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	93-96
7517543-6	1994	Galanin inhibited meal-, CCK-, and secretin-induced bicarbonate outputs in both the innervated and denervated pancreas.	Bicarbonates	52-63	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	25-28
8185159-11	1994	The increase in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion was only slightly reduced by CCK blockade.	Bicarbonates	27-38	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	78-81
8155662-8	1994	Both the low bicarbonate binding affinity and the low CA activity induced by the presence of ferricyanide are reversed by a single saturating flash of light.	Bicarbonates	13-24	carbonic anhydrase	Zea mays	54-56
8178966-0	1994	pHi-dependent Cl-HCO3 exchange at the basolateral membrane of frog retinal pigment epithelium.	Bicarbonates	17-21	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
8178966-1	1994	Intracellular pH (pHi) measurements in frog retinal pigment epithelium using the pH-sensitive dye 2",7"-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein demonstrate that the basolateral membrane contains a pHi-sensitive Cl-HCO3 exchanger.	Bicarbonates	216-220	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	18-21
8187167-1	1994	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), an enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of CO2 and water to HCO3- and protons, has a key role in osteoclastic bone resorption, but little is known of the regulation of CA II gene expression by calcitonin.	Bicarbonates	92-96	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
8187167-1	1994	Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), an enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of CO2 and water to HCO3- and protons, has a key role in osteoclastic bone resorption, but little is known of the regulation of CA II gene expression by calcitonin.	Bicarbonates	92-96	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
7513369-2	1994	Under stimulation by endogenous CCK or exogenous caerulein, protein output was significantly reduced by intravenous drip infusion of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2), and under stimulation by exogenous secretin, volume and bicarbonate output were markedly reduced by DMPGE2.	Bicarbonates	231-242	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
8183397-8	1994	In the Utrecht group a positive relationship was seen between haematocrit (higher owing to treatment with erythropoietin) and plasma bicarbonate concentration, and the quality of life.	Bicarbonates	133-144	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	106-120
8156505-11	1994	The association of urinary bicarbonate loss with elevated N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase suggested a proximal tubular damage.	Bicarbonates	27-38	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	58-87
7510282-3	1994	We used multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human breast cancer cells expressing Pgp to study the roles of Cl- (and also Na+ and HCO3-/CO2) on Pgp-mediated efflux of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123).	Bicarbonates	145-149	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	159-162
8036558-6	1994	The values of Als (distinguished by type of treatment of chronic renal failure) show end confirm the improvement of the situation of aluminium accumulation, specially as regards bicarbonate HD where the percentage of patients with Als &gt; 100 micrograms/l decreases from 10.5% in 1986 to 1.7% in 1990.	Bicarbonates	178-189	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
7519347-1	1994	Catalase was immobilized on periodate-activated cellulose membranes in a medium with the bicarbonate buffer and in reversed micelles of Aerosol OT in heptane.	Bicarbonates	89-100	catalase	Homo sapiens	0-8
8190725-8	1994	At both doses, secretin-induced bicarbonate output was increased by cholecystokinin (16 ng/kg/h: 0.88 +/- 0.29 meq/15 min; 32 ng/kg/h: 1.01 +/- 0.23 meq/15 min).	Bicarbonates	32-43	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	15-23
8290601-5	1994	These findings suggest that hepatocyte Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity is regulated by HCO3-/CO2 and by protein kinase A and protein kinase C agonists through microtubule-dependent targeting of vesicles containing this exchanger to the canalicular domain.	Bicarbonates	43-47	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	100-116
8189393-8	1994	The addition of 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- caused steady-state pHi to increase from 6.74 +/- 0.05 to 7.03 +/- 0.03 (n = 28).	Bicarbonates	29-33	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
8189393-9	1994	In the presence of 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3-, the rate of pHi recovery from acid loads was much faster than in its absence.	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
8171284-0	1994	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is the second messenger of prostaglandin E2- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-stimulated active bicarbonate secretion by guinea-pig duodenum.	Bicarbonates	132-143	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	80-113
8209176-0	1994	The effect of gastrin-releasing peptide on porcine pancreaticobiliary bicarbonate secretion is mediated by secretin.	Bicarbonates	70-81	secretin	Sus scrofa	107-115
8209176-3	1994	Blocking of CCK-A receptors by MK-329 did not significantly change the effect of GRP, whereas prevention of secretin release by removal of the small intestine caused a 13-fold reduction in the GRP-induced pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and completely abolished the effect on hepatic bicarbonate secretion but did not change the effect on pancreatic protein secretion.	Bicarbonates	216-227	secretin	Sus scrofa	108-116
8209176-3	1994	Blocking of CCK-A receptors by MK-329 did not significantly change the effect of GRP, whereas prevention of secretin release by removal of the small intestine caused a 13-fold reduction in the GRP-induced pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and completely abolished the effect on hepatic bicarbonate secretion but did not change the effect on pancreatic protein secretion.	Bicarbonates	285-296	secretin	Sus scrofa	108-116
8141263-1	1994	Na(+)-H+ exchange and Na(+)-dependent HCO3- influx both contribute to recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) after an acidosis induced by using the NH4Cl prepulse technique in mammalian and avian cardiac tissue.	Bicarbonates	38-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	100-103
8171284-2	1994	Intravenous administration of VIP (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/kg) and PGE2 (10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/kg) dose-dependently increased duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion against an HCO3- concentration gradient, measured by a luminal perfusion technique, in anaesthetized guinea-pigs up to 4.5-fold.	Bicarbonates	142-153	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	30-33
8171284-2	1994	Intravenous administration of VIP (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/kg) and PGE2 (10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/kg) dose-dependently increased duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion against an HCO3- concentration gradient, measured by a luminal perfusion technique, in anaesthetized guinea-pigs up to 4.5-fold.	Bicarbonates	175-179	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	30-33
8171284-11	1994	These data support the notion the PGE2 and VIP cause bicarbonate secretion by the serial activation of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A in duodenal epithelial cells.	Bicarbonates	53-64	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	43-46
7762449-6	1994	We consider the most likely explanation is that other factors necessary for the optimum activity of lactoferrin were not present or in inappropriate concentration, e.g. sIgA, lysozyme, citrate, bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	194-205	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	100-111
8030373-1	1994	The effects of Mg2+ and bicarbonate on the kinetics of ITP hydrolysis by soluble ATPase (F1) from human placental mitochondria were studied.	Bicarbonates	24-35	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	81-87
7705554-3	1994	Dibutyryl 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were strong stimulants of bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	142-153	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	48-81
8154358-6	1994	These effects are the cellular basis for PTH inhibition of Pi and bicarbonate reabsorption.	Bicarbonates	66-77	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	41-44
8311474-1	1994	The spectral and magnetic properties of iron(III) bound in the metal binding sites of human serum transferrin with oxalate or bicarbonate as synergistic anions has been studied with Mossbauer spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).	Bicarbonates	126-137	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
8311474-4	1994	The rhombicity of the iron surroundings for the transferrin-oxalate complex is almost one order of magnitude smaller than for the bicarbonate complex and the zero field splitting parameter is twice as large in the oxalate as in the bicarbonate complex.	Bicarbonates	130-141	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
8311474-4	1994	The rhombicity of the iron surroundings for the transferrin-oxalate complex is almost one order of magnitude smaller than for the bicarbonate complex and the zero field splitting parameter is twice as large in the oxalate as in the bicarbonate complex.	Bicarbonates	232-243	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
8092567-8	1994	During respiratory acidosis, [HCO3-] increases in extracellular fluids to control cerebral pH by two main ways: a carbonic anhydrase activation at the blood/brain and blood/CSF barriers level and an increase in chloride shift in glial cells (HCO3- exchanged for Cl-).	Bicarbonates	30-34	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	173-176
8280112-10	1994	The central role of pyruvate carboxylase in the conversion of glucose carbon into glutamine carbon was demonstrated by using a bicarbonate-free medium and measuring the fixation of 14CO2 from [14C]bicarbonate, which was recovered mostly at C-1 of glutamine plus glutamate.	Bicarbonates	127-138	pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	20-40
8280112-10	1994	The central role of pyruvate carboxylase in the conversion of glucose carbon into glutamine carbon was demonstrated by using a bicarbonate-free medium and measuring the fixation of 14CO2 from [14C]bicarbonate, which was recovered mostly at C-1 of glutamine plus glutamate.	Bicarbonates	197-208	pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	20-40
7705554-3	1994	Dibutyryl 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were strong stimulants of bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	142-153	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	83-86
7705554-5	1994	Combinations of any two of VIP, PGE2 and glucagon depressed bicarbonate secretion, whereas combinations of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, VIP and PGE2, and glucagon and PGF2 alpha increased bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	60-71	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	27-30
7907564-4	1994	Somatostatin probably inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion by a variety of mechanisms which depend on the species and the type of secretion studied (postprandial vs. interdigestive secretion, protein vs. bicarbonate secretion): Somatostatin may act via inhibition of the release of circulating hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin or via intrapancreatic inhibition of the release or action of CCK.	Bicarbonates	206-217	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	0-12
8089311-1	1994	The functional significance of the apical vacuolar-type proton pump (V-ATPase) in Drosophila Malpighian tubules was studied by measuring the intracellular pH (pHi) and luminal pH (pHlu) with double-barrelled pH-microelectrodes in proximal segments of the larval anterior tubule immersed in nominally bicarbonate-free solutions (pHo 6.9).	Bicarbonates	300-311	Vacuolar H[+]-ATPase 26kD subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	69-77
7875437-6	1994	RESULTS: Results show that C20-sorbin and C7-sorbin decreased the VIP-stimulated net flux of water (inhibition of 40 and 37%, respectively), Na (inhibition of 31 and 30%), C1 (inhibition of 80 and 63%) and HCO3 (inhibition of 15 and 25%).	Bicarbonates	206-210	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
7969674-3	1994	The plasma pH, bicarbonate, total CO2, sodium, serum total calcium and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 levels increased significantly while serum concentrations of I-PTH, alkaline phosphatase and albumin showed significant decreases after bicarbonate infusion.	Bicarbonates	228-239	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	155-158
7752540-3	1994	The conductive pathway for anions is inhibited by 9-AC and has the permeability sequence SCN &gt; I &gt; NO3 &gt; Br &gt; Cl &gt; F &gt; gluconate; it is also permeant to HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	171-175	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	105-108
7984252-2	1994	Therefore, in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that bicarbonate absorption by the medullary TAL (mTAL) is influenced by peptide hormones (AVP, PTH), prostaglandin, osmolality and chronic metabolic acidosis.	Bicarbonates	63-74	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
8127023-7	1994	In bicarbonate buffered medium, ANP and cGMP decreased the pH level below the baseline after application of AVP, and an inhibition by ANP and cGMP of AVP-induced VSMC shape change was also observed.	Bicarbonates	3-14	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	32-35
8127023-7	1994	In bicarbonate buffered medium, ANP and cGMP decreased the pH level below the baseline after application of AVP, and an inhibition by ANP and cGMP of AVP-induced VSMC shape change was also observed.	Bicarbonates	3-14	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	134-137
7816297-8	1994	In the bicarbonate group, C3d was increased more by P-Cu than by Hf-CuS or P-Pc (P &lt; 0.022, n = 7) and more by Hf-CuE than Hf-CuS (P = 0.013).	Bicarbonates	7-18	endogenous retrovirus group K member 13	Homo sapiens	26-29
8262987-4	1993	The side chain hydroxyl group causes: stabilization of zinc-hydroxide relative to zinc-water (pKa increases approximately 2 units); stabilization of the transition state for bicarbonate dehydration relative to the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 5 kcal/mol); and destabilization of the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 0.8 kcal/mol).	Bicarbonates	174-185	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	288-292
7939382-5	1994	Ligand binding studies in aqueous solution indicate that pathophysiologic concentrations of different anions (e.g. heparin, lactate, bicarbonate, phosphate, acetate and sulfate) bind to Mg2+, effectively reducing its concentration in solution.	Bicarbonates	133-144	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	186-189
7509061-16	1994	We conclude that VIP may be a further mediator of bile-induced volume and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	74-85	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
8108365-8	1994	The study indicates that endogenous CCK released by protein digests exerts not only enzyme secretion but also bicarbonate secretion in dogs.	Bicarbonates	110-121	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	36-39
8262987-4	1993	The side chain hydroxyl group causes: stabilization of zinc-hydroxide relative to zinc-water (pKa increases approximately 2 units); stabilization of the transition state for bicarbonate dehydration relative to the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 5 kcal/mol); and destabilization of the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 0.8 kcal/mol).	Bicarbonates	219-223	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	214-218
8262987-4	1993	The side chain hydroxyl group causes: stabilization of zinc-hydroxide relative to zinc-water (pKa increases approximately 2 units); stabilization of the transition state for bicarbonate dehydration relative to the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 5 kcal/mol); and destabilization of the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 0.8 kcal/mol).	Bicarbonates	219-223	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	288-292
8262987-6	1993	These data are consistent with the hydroxyl group of Thr199 forming a hydrogen bond with the transition state and a non-hydrogen-bonded van der Waals contact with CAII.HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	168-172	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	163-167
8143353-7	1993	pHi was calculated from tonometrically measured PCO2 and arterial bicarbonate concentration.	Bicarbonates	66-77	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	0-3
7904126-6	1993	Systemic infusion of VIP (2.5 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1) increased LA and fluid secretion; the HCO3- concentration in secreted fluid was 86 mM.	Bicarbonates	91-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
7904126-14	1993	We conclude that NO may be an inhibitory regulator of LA and that both L-NNA and VIP increase LA via stimulation of active HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	123-127	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
7904126-15	1993	VIP probably increases HCO3- and fluid secretion by two separate ion transport mechanisms.	Bicarbonates	23-27	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8282170-4	1993	Media of pituitaries incubated for up to 14 days in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate also had several isoforms of immunodetectable PTHrP, two of them corresponding to the 29- and 26-kDa molecular forms but there were in addition both larger and smaller molecules.	Bicarbonates	65-76	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	123-128
8133244-10	1993	Basolateral CO2/HCO3- elicited the usual pHi increase even when all solutes were replaced, short or long-term (&gt; 45 min), by N-methyl-D-glucammonium/glucuronate (NMDG+/Glr-).	Bicarbonates	16-20	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	41-44
8133244-12	1993	Although the sustained pHi increase elicited by basolateral CO2/HCO3- could be due to a basolateral HCO3- uptake mechanism, net reabsorption of HCO3- by the S3 segment, as well as our ACZ data, suggest instead that basolateral CO2/HCO3- elicits the sustained pHi increase either by inhibiting an acid-loading process or stimulating acid extrusion across the luminal membrane (e.g., via an H+ pump).	Bicarbonates	64-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
8133244-12	1993	Although the sustained pHi increase elicited by basolateral CO2/HCO3- could be due to a basolateral HCO3- uptake mechanism, net reabsorption of HCO3- by the S3 segment, as well as our ACZ data, suggest instead that basolateral CO2/HCO3- elicits the sustained pHi increase either by inhibiting an acid-loading process or stimulating acid extrusion across the luminal membrane (e.g., via an H+ pump).	Bicarbonates	64-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	259-262
8133244-12	1993	Although the sustained pHi increase elicited by basolateral CO2/HCO3- could be due to a basolateral HCO3- uptake mechanism, net reabsorption of HCO3- by the S3 segment, as well as our ACZ data, suggest instead that basolateral CO2/HCO3- elicits the sustained pHi increase either by inhibiting an acid-loading process or stimulating acid extrusion across the luminal membrane (e.g., via an H+ pump).	Bicarbonates	100-104	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
8133244-12	1993	Although the sustained pHi increase elicited by basolateral CO2/HCO3- could be due to a basolateral HCO3- uptake mechanism, net reabsorption of HCO3- by the S3 segment, as well as our ACZ data, suggest instead that basolateral CO2/HCO3- elicits the sustained pHi increase either by inhibiting an acid-loading process or stimulating acid extrusion across the luminal membrane (e.g., via an H+ pump).	Bicarbonates	100-104	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
8133244-12	1993	Although the sustained pHi increase elicited by basolateral CO2/HCO3- could be due to a basolateral HCO3- uptake mechanism, net reabsorption of HCO3- by the S3 segment, as well as our ACZ data, suggest instead that basolateral CO2/HCO3- elicits the sustained pHi increase either by inhibiting an acid-loading process or stimulating acid extrusion across the luminal membrane (e.g., via an H+ pump).	Bicarbonates	100-104	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
8303213-1	1993	The effect of stimulation of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on acid-induced damage to the duodenal mucosa was studied in anaesthetized pigs in which bile and pancreatic juice were diverted from the duodenum.	Bicarbonates	46-57	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	104-107
8303213-3	1993	Compared with placebo, intravenous infusion of VIP (500 pmol/kg/h) significantly stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (47 +/- 13 versus 249 +/- 53 mumol/h) without concomitant changes in mucosal blood flow (51.5 +/- 7.8 versus 48.5 +/- 9.1 ml/min/100 g) or arterial bicarbonate concentration (24.2 +/- 1.1 versus 23.4 +/- 0.9 mM).	Bicarbonates	109-120	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	47-50
8303213-3	1993	Compared with placebo, intravenous infusion of VIP (500 pmol/kg/h) significantly stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (47 +/- 13 versus 249 +/- 53 mumol/h) without concomitant changes in mucosal blood flow (51.5 +/- 7.8 versus 48.5 +/- 9.1 ml/min/100 g) or arterial bicarbonate concentration (24.2 +/- 1.1 versus 23.4 +/- 0.9 mM).	Bicarbonates	279-290	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	47-50
8303213-5	1993	We conclude that the protection offered by VIP against the small dose of acid is most likely secondary to the effect of VIP on mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	135-146	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	43-46
8303213-5	1993	We conclude that the protection offered by VIP against the small dose of acid is most likely secondary to the effect of VIP on mucosal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	135-146	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	120-123
8133244-3	1993	However, with acetate absent bilaterally, this causing steady-state pHi to be substantially lower (approximately 6.9), bilaterally switching to CO2/HCO3- caused a transient pHi fall (due to the influx of CO2), followed by a sustained rise to a level approximately 0.18 higher than the initial one.	Bicarbonates	148-152	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	173-176
8133244-5	1993	Switching to CO2/HCO3- only in the lumen caused a sustained pHi fall of approximately 0.15, whereas switching to CO2/HCO3- only in the bath caused a transient fall followed by a sustained pHi increase to approximately 0.26 above the initial value.	Bicarbonates	17-21	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	60-63
8238510-3	1993	In basal state, [psi 4,5]secretin given intravenously for 2 or 3 h in varying doses of 1.6-32.7 nmol.kg-1.h-1 dose dependently increased pancreatic secretion of both fluid and bicarbonate during the 1st h, but it returned gradually to basal level within 2 or 3 h. On the other hand, [psi 4,5]secretin significantly inhibited the pancreatic secretion stimulated by either exogenous or endogenous secretin in a dose-related manner.	Bicarbonates	176-187	secretin	Cavia porcellus	25-33
8238510-6	1993	We conclude that 1) in the unstimulated state, [psi 4,5]secretin is a partial agonist of pancreatic exocrine secretion of both fluid and bicarbonate; and 2) when pancreatic secretion is stimulated by secretin, unlike an antisecretin serum, it is a partial inhibitor in intact guinea pigs and rats.	Bicarbonates	137-148	secretin	Cavia porcellus	56-64
7906868-0	1993	Electrogenic bicarbonate secretion in gallbladder: induction by barium via neuronal, possibly VIP-ergic pathways.	Bicarbonates	13-24	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	94-97
7906868-8	1993	By contrast, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 3 x 10(-7) mol/l) completely transformed HCO3- secretion into an electrogenic process.	Bicarbonates	90-94	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	44-47
8166793-7	1993	The predictor variable, pHi, was calculated using the following equation: 6.1 + log HCO3/(gastric PCO2 x 0.0307).	Bicarbonates	84-88	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	24-27
8238296-1	1993	Mammalian cells generally regulate their intracellular pH (pHi) via collaboration between Na(+)-H+ exchanger and HCO3- transport.	Bicarbonates	113-117	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	59-62
8399223-1	1993	Maximal turnover rates for the dehydration of HCO3- catalyzed by the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase III are limited by a proton transfer to zinc-bound hydroxide in the active site.	Bicarbonates	46-50	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	88-110
8238316-1	1993	The human erythrocyte anion transport protein (AE1) mediates the rapid, tightly coupled, electroneutral transmembrane exchange of bicarbonate for chloride.	Bicarbonates	130-141	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
8270911-8	1993	In suspended cells, recovery of the cytosolic pH (pHi) from an acid-load in Na+ and HCO3(-)-free medium was detectable in depolarizing but not in hyperpolarizing media.	Bicarbonates	84-89	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	50-53
8238316-2	1993	AE1 transports a wide range of oxyanions, such as phosphate, sulfate and the physiological substrate bicarbonate.	Bicarbonates	101-112	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
8405851-7	1993	RESULTS: ICV NPY significantly increased sham feeding, meal-stimulated gastric and pancreatic secretion, basal gastric acid, pancreatic bicarbonate, insulin levels, and PP.	Bicarbonates	136-147	neuropeptide Y	Canis lupus familiaris	13-16
8377001-8	1993	In both groups, CSF [HCO3-] and [H+] increased approximately 3 mEq/L and 20 nEq/L, respectively.	Bicarbonates	21-25	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	16-19
8232240-8	1993	Data are compatible with the proposed role of CA IV in physiological events, i.e., HCO3- formation and secretion at one cell border and H+ separation and excretion at the other.	Bicarbonates	83-87	carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus	46-51
8302798-5	1993	Secretin-induced bicarbonate output was significantly inhibited by atropine in both the innervated and denervated groups.	Bicarbonates	17-28	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
8360289-2	1993	Steady-state pHi was 7.00 +/- 0.17 (mean +/- SD) and 7.09 +/- 0.14 in nominally HCO3(-)-free and HCO3(-)-containing solutions, respectively, and was dependent on extracellular Na+ and Cl-.	Bicarbonates	80-87	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
8360289-3	1993	Following an acid transient, induced by an NH1 prepulse or an increase in CO2 tension, pHi decreased and then rapidly returned to baseline, with an average net acid extrusion rate of 2.6 and 2.8 mmol/L/min, in nominally HCO3(-)-free and HCO3(-)-containing solutions, respectively.	Bicarbonates	220-224	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
8360289-3	1993	Following an acid transient, induced by an NH1 prepulse or an increase in CO2 tension, pHi decreased and then rapidly returned to baseline, with an average net acid extrusion rate of 2.6 and 2.8 mmol/L/min, in nominally HCO3(-)-free and HCO3(-)-containing solutions, respectively.	Bicarbonates	237-241	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
8360289-8	1993	The results are compatible with the presence of at least two different pHi-regulating mechanisms: an acid-extruding Na+/H+ antiporter, possibly consisting of different subtypes, and a passive Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, mediating loss of HCO3- from the cell.	Bicarbonates	196-200	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
8360289-8	1993	The results are compatible with the presence of at least two different pHi-regulating mechanisms: an acid-extruding Na+/H+ antiporter, possibly consisting of different subtypes, and a passive Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, mediating loss of HCO3- from the cell.	Bicarbonates	231-235	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
8214100-7	1993	In contrast, Na(+)-independent, HCO3(-)-independent pHi recovery from an acid load was present in both cell populations but had two to three times greater activity in a minority cell population.	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-55
8220905-16	1993	In Ca2+-free Krebs bicarbonate solution, 100 nM ET-1 induced a significantly larger contraction than that induced by 100 nM sarafotoxin S6c (46.6 +/- 5.6% C,., versus 8.8 +/- 2.8% Cmax, n = 5-7).	Bicarbonates	19-30	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
8405752-6	1993	The administration of low- or high-dose insulin to normal dogs and high-dose insulin to dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis caused the concentration of bicarbonate in plasma to decline by close to 3 mmol/l.	Bicarbonates	153-164	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	40-47
8405752-6	1993	The administration of low- or high-dose insulin to normal dogs and high-dose insulin to dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis caused the concentration of bicarbonate in plasma to decline by close to 3 mmol/l.	Bicarbonates	153-164	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	77-84
8245824-3	1993	A stable decrease in the pHi of 0.52 +/- 0.05 U (n = 16) was obtained by switching from a bicarbonate buffer equilibrated with 5% CO2 to a buffer equilibrated with 20% CO2.	Bicarbonates	90-101	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-28
8271207-11	1993	The putative VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) antagonist [D-p-chloro-Phe6, Leu17]-VIP injected intravenously also increased the vagally evoked weight of juice, with total HCO3- and total protein unchanged.	Bicarbonates	178-182	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
8271207-11	1993	The putative VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) antagonist [D-p-chloro-Phe6, Leu17]-VIP injected intravenously also increased the vagally evoked weight of juice, with total HCO3- and total protein unchanged.	Bicarbonates	178-182	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	18-51
8271207-11	1993	The putative VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) antagonist [D-p-chloro-Phe6, Leu17]-VIP injected intravenously also increased the vagally evoked weight of juice, with total HCO3- and total protein unchanged.	Bicarbonates	178-182	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
8302798-6	1993	Combined secretin and CCK8 elicited a dose-dependent increase in bicarbonate output and a sustained increase in protein output in both groups, regardless of atropine.	Bicarbonates	65-76	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	9-17
8302798-7	1993	In addition, potentiation of secretin-induced bicarbonate output by CCK8 was observed despite both extrinsic pancreatic denervation and administration of atropine.	Bicarbonates	46-57	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	29-37
8302798-9	1993	Potentiation of secretin-induced bicarbonate output by CCK, however, is not dependent on neural mediation.	Bicarbonates	33-44	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	16-24
8302798-9	1993	Potentiation of secretin-induced bicarbonate output by CCK, however, is not dependent on neural mediation.	Bicarbonates	33-44	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	55-58
8213195-5	1993	Intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) raised the pH and [HCO3-] in the buffer during the passage through the gall bladder lumen, indicating a secretion of bicarbonate from the mucosa.	Bicarbonates	79-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	55-58
7689976-3	1993	Equilibration of substance P with physiologically relevant concentrations of bicarbonate (2.50 x 10(-2) mol.dm-3) at pH 7.00 generated a new multiplet signal centred at 4.13 ppm in its NMR spectrum, characteristic of the alpha-proton of peptide carbamate species.	Bicarbonates	77-88	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	17-28
8213195-5	1993	Intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) raised the pH and [HCO3-] in the buffer during the passage through the gall bladder lumen, indicating a secretion of bicarbonate from the mucosa.	Bicarbonates	177-188	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	55-58
8373956-3	1993	In this study, we have identified a protein in both human and rat sperm cells that is immunologically related to erythrocyte bicarbonate/Cl exchanger (AE1) and its close homolog (AE2).	Bicarbonates	125-136	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
8368310-5	1993	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 5 micrograms.kg-1.5 min-1) stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion, and this action was partly inhibited by atropine (0.1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) but not by pirenzepine (1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1).	Bicarbonates	83-87	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	31-34
8368310-6	1993	[4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP (3.3 mg/kg), an antagonist to VIP, reduced basal, VIP-stimulated, and carbachol-stimulated HCO3- secretion.	Bicarbonates	113-117	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	18-21
8368310-10	1993	These results suggest, that in cholinergic regulation of duodenal HCO3- secretion, the M-cholinoceptor pathway, Ca2+, and VIP are involved.	Bicarbonates	66-70	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	122-125
8394691-7	1993	When the intracellular availability of HCO3- was decreased by acetazolamide (0.5 mmol/l) or by removal of HCO3- from the perfusion medium, the decrease in pHi by NH4Cl application was significantly lower than under control conditions.	Bicarbonates	39-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
8394691-7	1993	When the intracellular availability of HCO3- was decreased by acetazolamide (0.5 mmol/l) or by removal of HCO3- from the perfusion medium, the decrease in pHi by NH4Cl application was significantly lower than under control conditions.	Bicarbonates	106-110	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
8373956-3	1993	In this study, we have identified a protein in both human and rat sperm cells that is immunologically related to erythrocyte bicarbonate/Cl exchanger (AE1) and its close homolog (AE2).	Bicarbonates	125-136	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
8101500-6	1993	RESULTS: Secretin-induced bicarbonate and protein outputs were significantly inhibited by somatostatin-14 in both the innervated and denervated animals.	Bicarbonates	26-37	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	9-17
8101500-8	1993	Bethanechol alone potentiated secretin-induced bicarbonate output from both the innervated and denervated pancreas.	Bicarbonates	47-58	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	30-38
8335196-6	1993	VIP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion was significantly inhibited by TTX (-73%), yet Isc and PD remained unchanged.	Bicarbonates	15-26	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
8393626-4	1993	Basal pHi was higher in HCO(3-)-buffered solution (7.05 +/- 0.01; n = 8) than in nominally HCO(3-)-free N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solution (6.98 +/- 0.02; n = 9).	Bicarbonates	24-31	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	6-9
8335196-7	1993	Atropine decreased VIP-induced bicarbonate secretion (-69%) and Isc (-43%).	Bicarbonates	31-42	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	19-22
8335196-10	1993	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that (1) enteric nerve stimulation activates an acetylcholine receptor that in turn stimulates duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion; (2) VIP stimulates bicarbonate secretion, in large part, via the enteric nervous system; and (3) PGE2 and cAMP stimulate bicarbonate secretion independent of the enteric nervous system.	Bicarbonates	150-161	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	177-180
8335196-10	1993	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that (1) enteric nerve stimulation activates an acetylcholine receptor that in turn stimulates duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion; (2) VIP stimulates bicarbonate secretion, in large part, via the enteric nervous system; and (3) PGE2 and cAMP stimulate bicarbonate secretion independent of the enteric nervous system.	Bicarbonates	192-203	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	177-180
8335196-10	1993	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that (1) enteric nerve stimulation activates an acetylcholine receptor that in turn stimulates duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion; (2) VIP stimulates bicarbonate secretion, in large part, via the enteric nervous system; and (3) PGE2 and cAMP stimulate bicarbonate secretion independent of the enteric nervous system.	Bicarbonates	192-203	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	177-180
7690484-5	1993	The permeability for anions of similar size was greatest for those ions with a more symmetrical charge distribution (e.g. NO3- &gt; Bicarbonate-).	Bicarbonates	132-143	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	122-125
8338133-11	1993	Similarly, cultures maintained in a low bicarbonate/CO2 media (GibCO2-I medium containing 1 mM bicarbonate under an atmosphere of 100% humidified air) displayed 30-50% lower CA II and CA III concentrations.	Bicarbonates	40-51	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	174-179
8338133-11	1993	Similarly, cultures maintained in a low bicarbonate/CO2 media (GibCO2-I medium containing 1 mM bicarbonate under an atmosphere of 100% humidified air) displayed 30-50% lower CA II and CA III concentrations.	Bicarbonates	40-51	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	184-190
8338133-11	1993	Similarly, cultures maintained in a low bicarbonate/CO2 media (GibCO2-I medium containing 1 mM bicarbonate under an atmosphere of 100% humidified air) displayed 30-50% lower CA II and CA III concentrations.	Bicarbonates	95-106	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	174-179
8338133-11	1993	Similarly, cultures maintained in a low bicarbonate/CO2 media (GibCO2-I medium containing 1 mM bicarbonate under an atmosphere of 100% humidified air) displayed 30-50% lower CA II and CA III concentrations.	Bicarbonates	95-106	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	184-190
8406681-3	1993	Switching to a medium buffered to pH 7.40 with 5% CO2 and 25 mM HCO3(-) caused the steady-state pHi to increase by an average of 0.35, suggesting the presence of a HCO3(-) -dependent acid-extrusion mechanism.	Bicarbonates	64-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
8406681-3	1993	Switching to a medium buffered to pH 7.40 with 5% CO2 and 25 mM HCO3(-) caused the steady-state pHi to increase by an average of 0.35, suggesting the presence of a HCO3(-) -dependent acid-extrusion mechanism.	Bicarbonates	164-168	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
8406681-5	1993	In experiments in which astrocytes were exposed to nominally HCO3(-)-free (HEPES-buffered) solutions, the application and withdrawal of 20 mM extracellular NH4+ caused pHi to fall to a value substantially below the initial one.	Bicarbonates	61-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
8406681-8	1993	Returning the Na+ caused pHi to increase rapidly, indicating the presence of an Na(+)-dependent/HCO3(-)-dependent acid-extrusion mechanism; the final pHi after returning Na+ was approximately 0.08 higher than the initial value.	Bicarbonates	96-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
8406681-8	1993	Returning the Na+ caused pHi to increase rapidly, indicating the presence of an Na(+)-dependent/HCO3(-)-dependent acid-extrusion mechanism; the final pHi after returning Na+ was approximately 0.08 higher than the initial value.	Bicarbonates	96-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
8230088-7	1993	Intravascular angiotensin II receptors are implicated in the central release of vasopressin and other hypophyseal hormones, in increasing sympathetic outflow, in the thirst response and, possibly, in cognitive function; in the inotropic and chronotropic effects of angiotensin II on the heart as well as in growth/hypertrophy; in the control of aldosterone release and in the balance between cortisol and aldosterone secretion; and in modulating sodium, chloride and bicarbonate transport within the kidney.	Bicarbonates	467-478	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	14-28
8230088-7	1993	Intravascular angiotensin II receptors are implicated in the central release of vasopressin and other hypophyseal hormones, in increasing sympathetic outflow, in the thirst response and, possibly, in cognitive function; in the inotropic and chronotropic effects of angiotensin II on the heart as well as in growth/hypertrophy; in the control of aldosterone release and in the balance between cortisol and aldosterone secretion; and in modulating sodium, chloride and bicarbonate transport within the kidney.	Bicarbonates	467-478	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	80-91
8338133-12	1993	Thus CA II and CA III concentrations are influenced by pH and bicarbonate/CO2.	Bicarbonates	62-73	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	5-10
8338133-12	1993	Thus CA II and CA III concentrations are influenced by pH and bicarbonate/CO2.	Bicarbonates	62-73	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	15-21
8338158-4	1993	In this review, the properties of hepatic Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport are described with emphasis on its effects on pHi and Na+ homeostasis and on the possible role of membrane potential difference as a signal modulating the rate of HCO3- influx and pHi of hepatocytes through effects on this transporter.	Bicarbonates	48-52	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	112-115
8338158-4	1993	In this review, the properties of hepatic Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport are described with emphasis on its effects on pHi and Na+ homeostasis and on the possible role of membrane potential difference as a signal modulating the rate of HCO3- influx and pHi of hepatocytes through effects on this transporter.	Bicarbonates	48-52	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	246-249
8393626-4	1993	Basal pHi was higher in HCO(3-)-buffered solution (7.05 +/- 0.01; n = 8) than in nominally HCO(3-)-free N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N"-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solution (6.98 +/- 0.02; n = 9).	Bicarbonates	91-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	6-9
8393626-7	1993	After an intracellular acidosis induced by an NH4Cl prepulse, the proton efflux rate (JH) at pHi 6.90 was 0.5 +/- 0.2 nmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 14) in HEPES solution and 1.2 +/- 0.4 mmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 13) in HCO3- solution.	Bicarbonates	203-207	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	93-96
8393626-10	1993	The Na(+)-H+ antiport and a mechanism requiring both external Na+ and HCO3- each contribute approximately 50% to proton efflux at pHi 6.90 during the recovery from intracellular acidosis in the isolated perfused mammalian heart.	Bicarbonates	70-74	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	130-133
8348323-2	1993	The presence of Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity was assayed by observing the elevation in pHi upon acute reversal of the Cl- gradient.	Bicarbonates	20-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8403531-6	1993	Graded doses of PHI (3-300 nmol/kg), VIP (1-100 nmol/kg) and secretin (0.01-0.3 nmol/kg) caused dose-dependent increases in the secretion of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate outputs, but had little effect on the protein outputs.	Bicarbonates	162-173	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	37-40
8403531-6	1993	Graded doses of PHI (3-300 nmol/kg), VIP (1-100 nmol/kg) and secretin (0.01-0.3 nmol/kg) caused dose-dependent increases in the secretion of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate outputs, but had little effect on the protein outputs.	Bicarbonates	162-173	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	61-69
8105149-6	1993	The secretin/cholecystokinin-induced bicarbonate and protein outputs were significantly inhibited by PYY in both the innervated and denervated animals.	Bicarbonates	37-48	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	4-12
8105149-6	1993	The secretin/cholecystokinin-induced bicarbonate and protein outputs were significantly inhibited by PYY in both the innervated and denervated animals.	Bicarbonates	37-48	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	101-104
8361960-9	1993	At lower ASA dosages, the bicarbonate and protein concentrations and outputs of secretin-CCK-stimulated rats were higher than the basal values and the levels of rats without hormonal stimulation.	Bicarbonates	26-37	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
8348323-7	1993	AE3 is a potential candidate molecule for the observed Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity.	Bicarbonates	59-63	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8328315-4	1993	Decreasing pHo and pHi by lowering the bicarbonate concentration of the medium decreased Cai, and increasing pHi by the removal of 5% CO2 increased Cai.	Bicarbonates	39-50	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	19-22
8043929-3	1993	Band 3 (AE1) is a member of a family of anion transporters which carry out Cl-/HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	79-83	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	8-11
8333544-1	1993	Although the gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to increase bicarbonate and water secretion and potentiate the effects of secretin on pancreatic ducts, CCK receptors have not been identified on pancreatic ductal epithelium.	Bicarbonates	87-98	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	38-53
8333544-1	1993	Although the gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to increase bicarbonate and water secretion and potentiate the effects of secretin on pancreatic ducts, CCK receptors have not been identified on pancreatic ductal epithelium.	Bicarbonates	87-98	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
8382644-0	1993	Bicarbonate transport by rabbit duodenum in vitro: effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, prostaglandin E2, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Bicarbonates	0-11	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	61-94
8388419-8	1993	Manipulations of HCO3- and DMA that clamped NKC pHi at values ranging from 6.8 to 7.2 failed to significantly influence NK cell cytolytic function.	Bicarbonates	17-21	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	48-51
8388633-3	1993	In addition, basal pHi (measured in the absence of bicarbonate) increased from 7.15 to 7.26, suggesting an alteration in the antiporter"s "set point" during HL-60 cell differentiation.	Bicarbonates	51-62	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	19-22
8058684-6	1993	The author comes to a conclusion that urinary excretion of chlorine ions not bound to sodium, conducive to accumulation in the blood of bicarbonate, is regulated in metabolic acidosis by corticotropin, glucocorticoids, vasopressin, and insulin.	Bicarbonates	136-147	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	219-230
8476022-1	1993	This study examined the mechanisms whereby alterations of intracellular pH (pHi) impact on free cytosolic calcium (Cai2+) in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) assayed in the presence of HCO3/CO2.	Bicarbonates	208-212	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
8500555-10	1993	Replacement of 28 mM Hepes by 28 mM HCO3-/5% CO2 led to a 0.13 pHi increase in the PE and a decrease of 0.27 U in the NPE.	Bicarbonates	36-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	63-66
8384246-7	1993	4,4"-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of Cl-/HCO3- antiports, blocked recovery of pHi in a dose-related fashion in the presence of bicarbonate, but not in the presence of HEPES.	Bicarbonates	79-83	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-119
8384246-7	1993	4,4"-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of Cl-/HCO3- antiports, blocked recovery of pHi in a dose-related fashion in the presence of bicarbonate, but not in the presence of HEPES.	Bicarbonates	165-176	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-119
8097245-5	1993	At 1.3 x 10(-8) M, secretin raised net HCO3- secretion by 1.5 mumol/cm2/hr, due to inhibition of Jms (from approximately 1.2 to approximately 0.7 mumol/cm2/hr) and stimulation of Jsm (from approximately 3.7 to approximately 4.7 mumol/cm2/hr).	Bicarbonates	39-43	secretin	Cavia porcellus	19-27
8384799-8	1993	When Ringer-HCO3- concentration was reduced from 39 to 11 mM at constant PCO2 = 35 mmHg, pHi decreased from 7.55 +/- 0.02 to 7.11 +/- 0.02 with no effect on net Na+ absorption.	Bicarbonates	12-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
8382644-6	1993	RESULTS: PGE2, VIP, db-cAMP, and theophylline significantly increased bicarbonate secretion, Isc, and PD.	Bicarbonates	70-81	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	15-18
8382644-9	1993	After PGE2 and VIP, cAMP concentration increased, yet was likely independent of bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	80-91	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	15-18
8382644-10	1993	CONCLUSIONS: Mammalian duodenal HCO3- transport requires Na+, Na+/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase and O2-dependent metabolic pathways and is stimulated by PGE2, VIP, and cAMP, acting by distinct pathways.	Bicarbonates	32-36	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	159-162
8482451-9	1993	CONCLUSIONS: It seems likely that peripheral COMT inhibition increases duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and protection by inhibition of mucosal degradation of dopamine, an increase similar in magnitude to that obtained by a prostaglandin E1 analogue.	Bicarbonates	88-99	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	45-49
8097875-6	1993	Atropine and hexamethonium suppressed the stimulatory effect of neurotensin on volume, bicarbonate, and total protein output (p &lt; 0.01).	Bicarbonates	87-98	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	64-75
7681623-6	1993	Physiologically, these CFTR channels act in parallel with chloride-bicarbonate exchangers to facilitate bicarbonate secretion across the apical plasma membrane of the duct cell.	Bicarbonates	67-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-27
7681623-6	1993	Physiologically, these CFTR channels act in parallel with chloride-bicarbonate exchangers to facilitate bicarbonate secretion across the apical plasma membrane of the duct cell.	Bicarbonates	104-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-27
8331595-18	1993	In Cl(-)-free, CO2-HCO3(-)-buffered solution pHi recovery from an alkaline load by changing from 5% CO2-27 mM HCO3- to 2% CO2-11 mM HCO3- was slowed by 48-71%.	Bicarbonates	19-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	45-48
8331595-18	1993	In Cl(-)-free, CO2-HCO3(-)-buffered solution pHi recovery from an alkaline load by changing from 5% CO2-27 mM HCO3- to 2% CO2-11 mM HCO3- was slowed by 48-71%.	Bicarbonates	110-114	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	45-48
8447406-2	1993	TRH (0.05-0.5 nmol) significantly stimulated, whereas CGRP (0.1-1.0 nmol) significantly inhibited, volume, protein, and bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	120-131	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
8383452-1	1993	Antidiuretic hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibit HCO3- absorption by the rat medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL).	Bicarbonates	59-63	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
8447435-5	1993	In contrast, the nominal absence of CO2/HCO3- or the use of a low-Cl- solution totally prevented the PDte changes caused by CT.	Bicarbonates	40-44	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	124-126
8425719-1	1993	The objective of this study was to compare the effect of several structurally related nitrone and nitroso spin traps on the function of the isolated bicarbonate-buffer perfused rat heart model.	Bicarbonates	149-160	spindlin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
8093745-6	1993	There were significant correlations (r &gt; 0.6, p &lt; 0.001) between markers of metabolic acidosis (base deficit in blood and extracellular fluid and bicarbonate concentration) and pHi.	Bicarbonates	152-163	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	183-186
8394427-7	1993	Steady-state pHi in the absence of physiological HCO3- was 7.15 +/- 0.01 pH units as compared to a pHi of 6.94 +/- 0.02 pH units in its presence (P &lt; 0.01).	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	13-16
8394427-7	1993	Steady-state pHi in the absence of physiological HCO3- was 7.15 +/- 0.01 pH units as compared to a pHi of 6.94 +/- 0.02 pH units in its presence (P &lt; 0.01).	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	13-15
8394427-7	1993	Steady-state pHi in the absence of physiological HCO3- was 7.15 +/- 0.01 pH units as compared to a pHi of 6.94 +/- 0.02 pH units in its presence (P &lt; 0.01).	Bicarbonates	49-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	73-75
8394427-16	1993	Chondrocytes transferred from a Hepes-buffered solution to a 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- medium (HCO3- solution) underwent a pHi decrease of approximately 0.20 pH units, followed by a regulatory alkalinizing response of 0.118 pH units/min.	Bicarbonates	74-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	116-119
8394427-16	1993	Chondrocytes transferred from a Hepes-buffered solution to a 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- medium (HCO3- solution) underwent a pHi decrease of approximately 0.20 pH units, followed by a regulatory alkalinizing response of 0.118 pH units/min.	Bicarbonates	74-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	116-118
8394427-16	1993	Chondrocytes transferred from a Hepes-buffered solution to a 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- medium (HCO3- solution) underwent a pHi decrease of approximately 0.20 pH units, followed by a regulatory alkalinizing response of 0.118 pH units/min.	Bicarbonates	74-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	151-153
8394427-16	1993	Chondrocytes transferred from a Hepes-buffered solution to a 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- medium (HCO3- solution) underwent a pHi decrease of approximately 0.20 pH units, followed by a regulatory alkalinizing response of 0.118 pH units/min.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	116-119
8394427-16	1993	Chondrocytes transferred from a Hepes-buffered solution to a 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- medium (HCO3- solution) underwent a pHi decrease of approximately 0.20 pH units, followed by a regulatory alkalinizing response of 0.118 pH units/min.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	116-118
8394427-16	1993	Chondrocytes transferred from a Hepes-buffered solution to a 5% CO2-25 mM HCO3- medium (HCO3- solution) underwent a pHi decrease of approximately 0.20 pH units, followed by a regulatory alkalinizing response of 0.118 pH units/min.	Bicarbonates	74-78	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	151-153
8224063-2	1993	Control pHi was 7.00 +/- 0.02 in HCO3(-)-containing solutions at an extracellular pH of 7.35.	Bicarbonates	33-40	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
7805573-4	1993	This will result in passive, Donnan-mediated K+, Cl- and HCO3- fluxes into astrocytes, which in turn causes swelling and a collapse of the ECS.	Bicarbonates	57-61	epistatic circling SWR/J	Mus musculus	139-142
8513982-0	1993	Duodenal bicarbonate secretion induced by human epidermal growth factor in rats is partially mediated by prostaglandins.	Bicarbonates	9-20	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	48-71
8513982-5	1993	Compared to control, each dose of hEGF caused a significant dose/response rise of duodenal bicarbonate secretion.	Bicarbonates	91-102	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	34-38
8513982-8	1993	These results provide evidence that duodenal bicarbonate secretion induced by hEGF is only partly accounted for by a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism.	Bicarbonates	45-56	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	78-82
8103010-9	1993	The somatostatin analogue exerts a long-lasting inhibitory action on gastric acid, pancreatic enzyme and bicarbonate secretion as well as on bile flow.	Bicarbonates	105-116	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	4-16
8282225-10	1993	The ferric-nitrosyl type complex is formed in a reaction mixture containing apolactoferrin and bicarbonate following the reaction of Fe+2 with NO3-, generated from macrophage-derived NO(.	Bicarbonates	95-106	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	143-146
8224063-8	1993	The results are compatible with the presence of at least three different pHi-regulating mechanisms: a Na+/H+ antiporter, a Na(+)-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchanger (both regulating pHi during a transient acidification), and a passive Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (regulating pHi during transient alkalinisation).	Bicarbonates	139-143	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
8224063-8	1993	The results are compatible with the presence of at least three different pHi-regulating mechanisms: a Na+/H+ antiporter, a Na(+)-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchanger (both regulating pHi during a transient acidification), and a passive Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (regulating pHi during transient alkalinisation).	Bicarbonates	139-143	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
8224063-8	1993	The results are compatible with the presence of at least three different pHi-regulating mechanisms: a Na+/H+ antiporter, a Na(+)-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchanger (both regulating pHi during a transient acidification), and a passive Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (regulating pHi during transient alkalinisation).	Bicarbonates	139-143	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
1482343-4	1992	It is suggested that the known DIDS effect of inhibiting transmembrane anion exchange, i.e., chloride/bicarbonate exchange, might play a role in the stimulation of TNF-alpha production by PBMC exposed to DIDS.	Bicarbonates	102-113	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-173
8419242-4	1993	Cells in HEPES switched to CO2/HCO3- buffer rapidly acidified to pHi of 7, then alkalinized to a new steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	65-68
8419242-4	1993	Cells in HEPES switched to CO2/HCO3- buffer rapidly acidified to pHi of 7, then alkalinized to a new steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	31-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	114-117
8419242-6	1993	Cells in a CO2/HCO3- buffer rapidly alkalinized to pH 8.2 when switched to HEPES, then acidified to a new steady-state pHi.	Bicarbonates	15-19	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	119-122
8276569-0	1993	Plasma catecholamine concentration and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity during haemodialysis with acetate or bicarbonate at different sodium concentrations in hypotensive patients.	Bicarbonates	111-122	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	39-64
8451242-0	1993	Crystallographic analysis of Thr-200--&gt;His human carbonic anhydrase II and its complex with the substrate, HCO3-.	Bicarbonates	110-114	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	52-73
1474587-1	1992	The three-dimensional structure of a complex between catalytically active cobalt(II) substituted human carbonic anhydrase II and its substrate bicarbonate was determined by X-ray crystallography (1.9 A).	Bicarbonates	143-154	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	103-124
1336929-2	1992	In bicarbonate-rich Ringer at pH 7.4, pHi was 7.29 +/- 0.03 (+/- SEM, n = 12 monolayers, 120 cells sampled).	Bicarbonates	3-14	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	38-41
1332693-3	1992	The basal pHi in HCO3(-)-free buffer was 7.36 +/- 0.04 units (mean +/- S.D.).	Bicarbonates	17-22	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	10-13
1423928-3	1992	In HCO3(-)-free buffer (pHo 7.4), 5-HT (10(-5) M) increased pHi, as measured by 2",7"-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein fluorescence, from 7.10 +/- 0.03 to 7.34 +/- 0.03 (p &lt; 0.01) in primary cultures of canine femoral artery vascular smooth muscle cells grown to confluence in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum.	Bicarbonates	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
1423928-4	1992	In HCO3- buffer (24 mM, pHo 7.4), resting pHi was 7.26 +/- 0.04 (p &lt; 0.01 versus HCO3(-)-free buffer) but was not altered by 5-HT.	Bicarbonates	3-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
1335727-6	1992	In HCO3(-)-free media, cells recovered from acid load by 0.34 +/- 0.04 pH units in the first 2 min and finally reached a pHi of 7.35 +/- 0.06.	Bicarbonates	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	71-73
1335727-6	1992	In HCO3(-)-free media, cells recovered from acid load by 0.34 +/- 0.04 pH units in the first 2 min and finally reached a pHi of 7.35 +/- 0.06.	Bicarbonates	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	121-124
1335727-8	1992	In HCO3(-)-containing media, cells recovered from an acid load at a similar rate, but reached 99 +/- 10% (n = 9) of the baseline pH; this recovery was also dependent on Na+ ions.	Bicarbonates	3-10	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	129-131
1335884-8	1992	Consistent with this posit, the reintroduction of Na+ to cells perfused in the absence of the cation with a HCO3(-)-containing, amiloride-complemented solution resulted in a gradual recovery from the acidic pHi induced by the baseline conditions (n = 6).	Bicarbonates	108-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	207-210
1445229-0	1992	Bicarbonate-dependent ATP cleavage catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase in the absence of pyruvate.	Bicarbonates	0-11	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	48-68
1445229-3	1992	Incubation of the enzyme preparations with an excess of the pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor, avidin, completely abolishes the pyruvate carboxylating activity of the enzyme preparations but only abolishes the HCO3(-)-dependent MgATP cleaving activity, with no effect on the HCO3(-)-independent ATPase activity.	Bicarbonates	207-211	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	60-80
1445229-4	1992	The HCO3(-)-dependent MgATP cleavage is also sensitive to inhibition by a pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor, oxamate, and the dependence of the reaction on the free Mg2+ concentration is similar to that of the pyruvate-carboxylation reaction, whereas the HCO3(-)-independent MgATP cleavage is not dependent on the concentration of free Mg2+ in the range tested.	Bicarbonates	4-8	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	74-94
1445229-4	1992	The HCO3(-)-dependent MgATP cleavage is also sensitive to inhibition by a pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor, oxamate, and the dependence of the reaction on the free Mg2+ concentration is similar to that of the pyruvate-carboxylation reaction, whereas the HCO3(-)-independent MgATP cleavage is not dependent on the concentration of free Mg2+ in the range tested.	Bicarbonates	252-256	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	74-94
1445229-5	1992	This indicates that MgATP cleavage by pyruvate carboxylase is entirely dependent on the presence of HCO3- and that there may be a low level of ATPase contamination in the enzyme preparations.	Bicarbonates	100-104	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	38-58
1335129-2	1992	We report that rat single ventricular cardiomyocytes, loaded with the fluorescent pH indicator Snarf-1 and treated with inhibitors of the Na/H antiport, amiloride or its analogues, partially restored their pHi through a bicarbonate-dependent mechanism following an acidosis (imposed by the ammonia-pulse technique).	Bicarbonates	220-231	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
1385255-3	1992	Evidence suggests that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated Cl- conductance in the luminal membrane that plays a pivotal role in ductal bicarbonate secretion by recirculating the Cl- imported into duct cells through Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	201-212	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-78
1385255-3	1992	Evidence suggests that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated Cl- conductance in the luminal membrane that plays a pivotal role in ductal bicarbonate secretion by recirculating the Cl- imported into duct cells through Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	287-291	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-78
1335129-3	1992	In the presence of ethylisopropylamiloride (10 microM) or amiloride (1 mM) and 25 mM bicarbonate in the extracellular solution, the average time that cells needed to recover half of their pHi, following the removal of 20 mM NH4Cl, was 3.4 min, while the rate of proton efflux was calculated to be 2.0 mM/min.	Bicarbonates	85-96	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
1335129-7	1992	This bicarbonate-dependent alkalinizing mechanism could provide an additional means by which cardiac cells recover their pHi from acidosis, especially under conditions in which the Na/H antiport is inhibited.	Bicarbonates	5-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
1415547-10	1992	We conclude that ileal B3RP is a product of the AE gene family, and is present in the brush-border of ileal enterocytes, where it may mediate Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange.	Bicarbonates	148-152	anion exchange protein 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-27
1329554-8	1992	In vivo, both secretin and SG-secretin stimulated a bicarbonate-rich fluid in rats with bile ductular cell hyperplasia and in normal guinea pigs, which was demonstrated to originate at the distal biliary epithelium.	Bicarbonates	52-63	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	14-22
1329554-8	1992	In vivo, both secretin and SG-secretin stimulated a bicarbonate-rich fluid in rats with bile ductular cell hyperplasia and in normal guinea pigs, which was demonstrated to originate at the distal biliary epithelium.	Bicarbonates	52-63	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	30-38
1399410-4	1992	Upon introduction of CO2/HCO3- Ringer"s solution, there was a small, sharp acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the HCO3- free resting pHi for FBCE and CBCE, respectively.	Bicarbonates	25-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	165-168
1399410-4	1992	Upon introduction of CO2/HCO3- Ringer"s solution, there was a small, sharp acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the HCO3- free resting pHi for FBCE and CBCE, respectively.	Bicarbonates	146-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	165-168
1399410-17	1992	Bicarbonate efflux on readdition of Cl- was Na+ independent and pHi sensitive (inactivated by low pHi), and showed simple saturating kinetics with respect to bath Cl, K1/2 = 22 and 16 mmol/l for FBCE and CBCE, respectively.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	64-67
1399410-17	1992	Bicarbonate efflux on readdition of Cl- was Na+ independent and pHi sensitive (inactivated by low pHi), and showed simple saturating kinetics with respect to bath Cl, K1/2 = 22 and 16 mmol/l for FBCE and CBCE, respectively.	Bicarbonates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	98-101
1399410-19	1992	Application of 0.5 mmol/l H2DIDS to resting cells in HCO3- Ringer"s significantly reduced pHi by .23 +/- .03 and .18 +/- .02 in FBCE and CBCE, respectively, indicating net HCO3- influx in resting cells and suggesting that the stoichiometry of the Na+:nHCO3- cotransporter favors Na+ and HCO3- uptake, ie, n &lt; or = 2.	Bicarbonates	53-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	90-93
1522132-2	1992	In this work, the regulation of cell pH (pHi) was studied after addition or withdrawal of CO2/HCO3 (5% CO2, 95 mM HCO3, pH = 8) using the fluoroprobe BCECF.	Bicarbonates	94-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	41-44
1522132-2	1992	In this work, the regulation of cell pH (pHi) was studied after addition or withdrawal of CO2/HCO3 (5% CO2, 95 mM HCO3, pH = 8) using the fluoroprobe BCECF.	Bicarbonates	114-118	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	41-44
1522132-3	1992	In the presence of Na and amiloride to inhibit Na/H exchange, the recovery of pHi after CO2 entry and CO2 exit were found to depend in part on HCO3 entry and exit, respectively.	Bicarbonates	143-147	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	78-81
1415568-3	1992	When pHo was decreased by lowering HCO3- concentration in the constant presence of 5% CO2, the rate of decrement in pHi was significantly blunted in the absence of Cl-.	Bicarbonates	35-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
1415568-5	1992	Under steady-state conditions, pHi of cells bathed in a HCO3-/CO2-buffered solution was 7.33 +/- 0.06, significantly lower than that of cells bathed in a nominally HCO3-/CO2-free buffer (7.50 +/- 0.04), indicating that under physiological conditions the pathway functions as a base extruder.	Bicarbonates	56-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
1425675-2	1992	The presence of ATP at non-catalytic sites of the chloroplast F1-ATPase (CF1) eliminates a considerable lag in onset of enzyme activity that otherwise occurs in the presence of bicarbonate [Milgrom, Y. M., Ehler, L. &amp; Boyer, P. D. (1991) J. Biol.	Bicarbonates	177-188	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	65-71
1425675-5	1992	Sulfite is known to be much more effective than bicarbonate in stimulating ATPase activity CF1.	Bicarbonates	48-59	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	75-81
1328110-5	1992	Resting pHi in bicarbonate free Ringer"s (pH 7.5) was significantly lower in cultured cells (7.17 +/- .02, n = 50) than in fresh cells (7.30 +/- .02, n = 54).	Bicarbonates	15-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	8-11
1328110-12	1992	Changing from bicarbonate-free Ringer"s to bicarbonate Ringer"s (5% CO2/28 mmol/l HCO3-, pH 7.5) induced a rapid and short acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the starting pHi for FBCE (final pHi 7.37) and CBCE (final pHi 7.33), respectively.	Bicarbonates	14-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	203-206
1328110-12	1992	Changing from bicarbonate-free Ringer"s to bicarbonate Ringer"s (5% CO2/28 mmol/l HCO3-, pH 7.5) induced a rapid and short acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the starting pHi for FBCE (final pHi 7.37) and CBCE (final pHi 7.33), respectively.	Bicarbonates	14-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	223-226
1328110-12	1992	Changing from bicarbonate-free Ringer"s to bicarbonate Ringer"s (5% CO2/28 mmol/l HCO3-, pH 7.5) induced a rapid and short acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the starting pHi for FBCE (final pHi 7.37) and CBCE (final pHi 7.33), respectively.	Bicarbonates	14-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	223-226
1328110-12	1992	Changing from bicarbonate-free Ringer"s to bicarbonate Ringer"s (5% CO2/28 mmol/l HCO3-, pH 7.5) induced a rapid and short acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the starting pHi for FBCE (final pHi 7.37) and CBCE (final pHi 7.33), respectively.	Bicarbonates	43-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	203-206
1328110-12	1992	Changing from bicarbonate-free Ringer"s to bicarbonate Ringer"s (5% CO2/28 mmol/l HCO3-, pH 7.5) induced a rapid and short acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the starting pHi for FBCE (final pHi 7.37) and CBCE (final pHi 7.33), respectively.	Bicarbonates	43-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	223-226
1328110-12	1992	Changing from bicarbonate-free Ringer"s to bicarbonate Ringer"s (5% CO2/28 mmol/l HCO3-, pH 7.5) induced a rapid and short acidification followed by an alkalinization .09 and .18 pH U above the starting pHi for FBCE (final pHi 7.37) and CBCE (final pHi 7.33), respectively.	Bicarbonates	43-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	223-226
1329529-9	1992	When cells were acidified (pHi 6.3-7.0) using a NH4Cl (20 mM) pulse technique, pHi was rapidly restored toward neutrality in the presence of a HCO3(-)-free external Na+ concentration ([Na+]o)-containing solution (pH units/min = 0.26 +/- 0.12; n = 8).	Bicarbonates	143-147	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	79-82
1323499-2	1992	pHi was measured in single basal and mature squamous cells after loading with the fluorescent probe 2",7"-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(and -6)carboxyfluorescein at 25 degrees C in a nominally bicarbonate-free HEPES buffer.	Bicarbonates	183-194	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
1396416-3	1992	In nominal HCO3(-)-free HEPES-buffered Hanks" balanced salt solution (HEPES HBSS), when the pH of medium (pHo) was maintained at 7.4, the steady-state pHi of cultured astrocytes from DBA mice was 6.98 +/- 0.03, and that from C57 mice was 7.01 +/- 0.03.	Bicarbonates	11-15	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	151-154
1396416-4	1992	When the cells were incubated in HBSS containing 25 mM HCO3- and equilibrated with 5% CO2 (HCO3- HBSS, pHo = 7.4), pHi of both DBA and C57 astrocytes was approximately 0.1-0.15 pH units higher than that in HEPES HBSS.	Bicarbonates	55-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	115-118
1396416-4	1992	When the cells were incubated in HBSS containing 25 mM HCO3- and equilibrated with 5% CO2 (HCO3- HBSS, pHo = 7.4), pHi of both DBA and C57 astrocytes was approximately 0.1-0.15 pH units higher than that in HEPES HBSS.	Bicarbonates	91-95	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	115-118
1380300-11	1992	HCO3- is required for a maximal acrosin release and Ca(2+)-uptake, in the presence or absence of A23187.	Bicarbonates	0-4	acrosin	Homo sapiens	32-39
1522239-2	1992	To characterize HCO3- transport, intracellular pH (pHi) was monitored by use of the pH-sensitive fluorescent probe (2",7")-bis-(carboxyethyl)-(5,6)-carboxyfluorescein in fresh suspensions of rat MTAL tubules.	Bicarbonates	16-20	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
1522239-3	1992	When cells were preincubated in HCO3-/CO2-containing solutions and then abruptly diluted into HCO3-/CO2-free media, the pHi response was an initial alkalinization due to CO2 efflux, followed by an acidification (pHi recovery).	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
1522239-3	1992	When cells were preincubated in HCO3-/CO2-containing solutions and then abruptly diluted into HCO3-/CO2-free media, the pHi response was an initial alkalinization due to CO2 efflux, followed by an acidification (pHi recovery).	Bicarbonates	32-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	212-215
1522239-3	1992	When cells were preincubated in HCO3-/CO2-containing solutions and then abruptly diluted into HCO3-/CO2-free media, the pHi response was an initial alkalinization due to CO2 efflux, followed by an acidification (pHi recovery).	Bicarbonates	94-98	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
1522239-4	1992	The pHi recovery required intracellular HCO3-, was inhibited by 10(-4) M diisothiocyanostilbene-2-2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS), and was not dependent on Cl- or Na+.	Bicarbonates	40-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1522239-6	1992	The HCO3(-)-dependent pHi recovery was inhibited by raising extracellular potassium concentration and by intracellular potassium depletion.	Bicarbonates	4-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
1336555-0	1992	A change from HCO3(-)-CO2- to hepes-buffered medium modifies membrane properties of rat CA1 pyramidal neurones in vitro.	Bicarbonates	14-18	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
1331469-2	1992	Acini attached to coverslips and continuously superfused with HCO3(-)-containing medium (25 mM NaHCO3/5% CO2; pH 7.4) have a steady-state pHi of 7.25 +/- 0.02.	Bicarbonates	62-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	110-112
1331469-2	1992	Acini attached to coverslips and continuously superfused with HCO3(-)-containing medium (25 mM NaHCO3/5% CO2; pH 7.4) have a steady-state pHi of 7.25 +/- 0.02.	Bicarbonates	62-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
1331972-11	1992	These experiments suggest that the target for the human calcitonin effect on pHi is the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger.	Bicarbonates	92-96	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	77-80
1331976-4	1992	Control pHi, measured in HCO(3-)-free medium, was 7.62 +/- 0.03 (n = 27) when cells were cultured for 14 days and decreased to 7.40 +/- 0.03 (n = 18) after 35 days in culture.	Bicarbonates	25-32	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	8-11
1500883-2	1992	Liver, in common with many tissues, has plasma membrane Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- electroneutral exchangers which work in opposition to tightly control pHi.	Bicarbonates	75-79	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	151-154
1628400-4	1992	In normal perfusion with CO2/HCO3(-)-buffered blood at PCO2 of 35 mm Hg, pHi was 7.03 +/- 0.03.	Bicarbonates	29-33	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	73-76
1324673-11	1992	These atria showed no systolic/diastolic fluctuation of fluorescence, but when superfused with a bicarbonate-free solution they displayed a change in fluorescence indicative of a decline in pHc in response to the addition of either ouabain or TMB8.	Bicarbonates	97-108	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
1628400-11	1992	If the muscles were perfused with CO2/HCO3(-)-buffered perfusate in the absence of red blood cells, the changes of pHo and pHi were significantly larger (pHo, 6.00 versus 6.64; pHi, 6.46 versus 6.93 at 14 minutes) during ischemia.	Bicarbonates	38-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	123-126
1628400-11	1992	If the muscles were perfused with CO2/HCO3(-)-buffered perfusate in the absence of red blood cells, the changes of pHo and pHi were significantly larger (pHo, 6.00 versus 6.64; pHi, 6.46 versus 6.93 at 14 minutes) during ischemia.	Bicarbonates	38-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	177-180