PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
20304020-2	2010	We assessed the effect of PAF against the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a parkinsonian toxin, in relation to apoptotic process.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	54-81	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
19748892-3	2009	SKP1A silencing resulted in increased susceptibility to neuronal damages induced by the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion and serum starvation, in parallel with a decline in the expression of the dopaminergic markers, dopamine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter-2.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-148	S-phase kinase-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	0-5
20123724-3	2010	Upon injury with the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, N27 cells (dopaminergic neuron cell line) released soluble neuron injury factors that activated microglia and were selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons in mixed mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	45-72	dual oxidase 2	Homo sapiens	283-334
19948168-8	2010	Consistent with the effects of zonisamide on MAO-B, the striatal content of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), which is derived from the administered MPTP via MAO-B actions, was substantially reduced in mice treated with MPTP and zonisamide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	162-167
20080185-1	2010	The toxicity caused by cell exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) is a useful model in the study of Parkinson"s disease (PD).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-71	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	73-76
20064577-3	2010	Here we have shown that IGF-1 protects PC12 cells from toxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumion (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	72-102	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
20345925-0	2010	Cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme neuroprotects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
20345925-7	2010	Treatment of cells with CYP2D6 inhibitors (quinidine, propanolol, metoprolol or timolol) at varying concentrations significantly increased the neurotoxicity caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) at 10 and 25 microM by between 9 +/- 1 and 22 +/- 5% (P < 0.01).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	167-194	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
20171192-5	2010	Consistent with our previous cell culture data, exposure of human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to PD-linked toxins (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, 6-hydroxydopamine, or MG132) reduced Nonidet P-40-soluble parkin levels and induced PINK1 accumulation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	128-159	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	245-250
20007701-4	2010	Expression of rVMAT2 confers resistance to acriflavine and to the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) by their removal into the yeast vacuole.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-112	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
20067471-8	2010	SLC22A2-mediated transport could be inhibited by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-7
19937276-0	2010	DNA polymerase-beta is required for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptotic death in neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	36-63	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens	0-19
21152247-5	2010	Using dopaminergic cell lines stably overexpressing each 14-3-3 isoform, we found that overexpression of 14-3-3theta, epsilon, or gamma led to resistance to both rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), while other isoforms were not protective against both toxins.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	175-202	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Homo sapiens	57-63
21152247-5	2010	Using dopaminergic cell lines stably overexpressing each 14-3-3 isoform, we found that overexpression of 14-3-3theta, epsilon, or gamma led to resistance to both rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), while other isoforms were not protective against both toxins.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	175-202	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Mus musculus	105-116
19735655-2	2009	We show that a short 24-amino acid C-terminal peptide of MGF (MGF24) upregulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis and cell loss induced by three DA cell-specific neurotoxins: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), and rotenone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	250-277	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
19735655-2	2009	We show that a short 24-amino acid C-terminal peptide of MGF (MGF24) upregulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis and cell loss induced by three DA cell-specific neurotoxins: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), and rotenone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	250-277	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
19737926-7	2009	We also demonstrate that mOat3 transports organic cations such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and cimetidine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	66-93	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	25-30
19703902-5	2009	When cells were treated with H(2)O(2), 6-hydroxydopamine, or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, changes in activities of TH and DDC accompanied by oxidation of cysteine 106 of DJ-1 occurred.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	61-88	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	170-174
19631241-0	2009	Alteration of NRSF expression exacerbating 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	43-71	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	14-18
19631241-3	2009	Our results showed that neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP(+)) treatment triggered the mRNA and protein expression of NRSF and REST4, and caused both NRSF and REST4 proteins relocalized between the nucleus and cytoplasm in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	35-63	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	132-136
19631241-3	2009	Our results showed that neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP(+)) treatment triggered the mRNA and protein expression of NRSF and REST4, and caused both NRSF and REST4 proteins relocalized between the nucleus and cytoplasm in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	35-63	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	164-168
19439489-5	2009	IC(50) values of YM-252124 for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium uptake via hOCT2 and rOct2 were 93.9 and 1700 microM, respectively, suggesting that this metabolite is secreted into urine via hOCT2/rOct2 and that the large difference in the inhibitory potentials between hOCT2 and rOct2 explains the species difference in the urinary excretion ratio of the radioactivity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	31-58	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
19439489-5	2009	IC(50) values of YM-252124 for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium uptake via hOCT2 and rOct2 were 93.9 and 1700 microM, respectively, suggesting that this metabolite is secreted into urine via hOCT2/rOct2 and that the large difference in the inhibitory potentials between hOCT2 and rOct2 explains the species difference in the urinary excretion ratio of the radioactivity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	31-58	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
19457107-0	2009	Involvement of multiple protein kinases in cPLA2 phosphorylation, arachidonic acid release, and cell death in in vivo and in vitro models of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced parkinsonism--the possible key role of PKG.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	141-168	phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)	Mus musculus	43-48
19447887-4	2009	Here we showed that knockdown of Herp, an ubiquitin-like domain containing ER stress protein, renders PC12 and MN9D cells vulnerable to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cytotoxic cell death by a mechanism involving up-regulation of CHOP expression and ER Ca(2+) depletion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	136-163	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	235-239
19447887-5	2009	Conversely, Herp overexpression confers protection by blocking 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced CHOP up-regulation, ER Ca(2+) store depletion, and mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation in a manner dependent on a functional ubiquitin-proteasomal protein degradation pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	63-90	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
19384567-9	2009	Finally, in vitro administration of ghrelin prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced dopaminergic cell loss, MMP-3 expression, microglial activation, and the subsequent release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and nitrite in mesencephalic cultures.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	54-81	ghrelin	Mus musculus	36-43
19416912-4	2009	Consistent with this view, Oct3 deletion and pharmacological inhibition hampers the release of the toxic organic cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium from astrocytes and protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	120-147	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 3	Mus musculus	27-31
19384567-9	2009	Finally, in vitro administration of ghrelin prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced dopaminergic cell loss, MMP-3 expression, microglial activation, and the subsequent release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and nitrite in mesencephalic cultures.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	54-81	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	114-119
19384567-9	2009	Finally, in vitro administration of ghrelin prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced dopaminergic cell loss, MMP-3 expression, microglial activation, and the subsequent release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and nitrite in mesencephalic cultures.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	54-81	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	196-204
19287320-2	2009	Here we show that treatment of cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) cause alpha-synuclein overexpression and aggregation, leading to the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and the recruitment of LC3-II to these vacuoles in the cytoplasm.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-69	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	82-97
19287320-2	2009	Here we show that treatment of cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) cause alpha-synuclein overexpression and aggregation, leading to the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and the recruitment of LC3-II to these vacuoles in the cytoplasm.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	71-74	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	82-97
18799798-0	2008	Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 protects dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-100	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	18-34
18507712-2	2009	The results demonstrate that exogenous administration of H(2)O(2) and 1-methyl, 4-phenyl, pyridinium ion (MPP(+)) significantly decreased cell viability in SH-SY5Y cultured cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-104	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	106-109
19135031-4	2009	The exogenous expression of the active-form XBP1 (XBP1s) protein had protective effects against cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and proteasome inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-145	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	44-48
19135031-4	2009	The exogenous expression of the active-form XBP1 (XBP1s) protein had protective effects against cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and proteasome inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-145	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	50-55
19032594-3	2008	Here we show that differentiated human dopaminergic neuron-like cells also have increased resistance to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), the active metabolite of MPTP, when alpha-synuclein is knocked down using RNA interference.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	104-129	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	174-189
18799798-3	2008	We here locally injected adenovirus containing human HO-1 gene (Ad-HO-1) into rat substantia nigra concomitantly with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-145	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
18799798-3	2008	We here locally injected adenovirus containing human HO-1 gene (Ad-HO-1) into rat substantia nigra concomitantly with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-145	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
18606181-1	2008	Neurotoxic effects of MPTP on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system are thought to be initiated by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a metabolite formed by the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B-mediated oxidation of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	99-126	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	162-187
19073440-3	2008	Here we selectively expressed constitutively active GSK3beta within the mitochondria and found that this enhanced the apoptosis signaling activated by the PD-mimetic NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) inhibitors 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and rotenone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	220-251	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	52-60
19073440-3	2008	Here we selectively expressed constitutively active GSK3beta within the mitochondria and found that this enhanced the apoptosis signaling activated by the PD-mimetic NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) inhibitors 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and rotenone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	220-251	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	182-196
18287335-4	2008	In this work we present the high-level expression of rat VMAT2 (rVMAT2) in a stable a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293), generated using the resistance to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) conferred by the protein.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	178-205	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
18496573-4	2008	Here we report that the antiapoptotic herpes simplex virus type 2 gene ICP10PK protects neuronally differentiated PC12 cells from death caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (in vitro PD model) through inhibition of calpain I activation and the resulting inhibition of Bax translocation to the mitochondria, apoptosis-inducing factor release and caspase-3 activation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	146-173	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	269-272
18496573-4	2008	Here we report that the antiapoptotic herpes simplex virus type 2 gene ICP10PK protects neuronally differentiated PC12 cells from death caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (in vitro PD model) through inhibition of calpain I activation and the resulting inhibition of Bax translocation to the mitochondria, apoptosis-inducing factor release and caspase-3 activation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	146-173	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	346-355
18535749-5	2008	But in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-treated human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, the expression of CIN85 increased dramatically.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	7-35	SH3 domain containing kinase binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
18566433-3	2008	In this study, using the well-established LPS and the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-mediated models of Parkinson"s disease, we demonstrate that TGF-beta1 exerts significant neuroprotection in both models via its anti-inflammatory properties.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	54-81	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	142-151
18566433-8	2008	Taken together, our results show that TGF-beta1 exerted potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, either through the prevention of the direct activation of microglia by LPS, or indirectly through the inhibition of reactive microgliosis elicited by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	263-290	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	38-47
18420832-7	2008	In vitro, combined TGF-beta/PSPN treatment achieved a yield of approximately 20% TH-positive cells that were less vulnerable against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	133-161	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	19-27
18420832-7	2008	In vitro, combined TGF-beta/PSPN treatment achieved a yield of approximately 20% TH-positive cells that were less vulnerable against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	133-161	persephin	Mus musculus	28-32
18329002-8	2008	Moreover, Delta3,2-hydroxybakuchiol counteracted 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity in cells expressing DAT with similar efficacy to GBR12,935.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	114-117
18332857-2	2008	In the present investigation, we provide evidence that pioglitazone is effective in the MPTP mouse model, not via an anti-inflammatory action, but through inhibition of MAO-B, the enzyme required to biotransform MPTP to its active neurotoxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	253-280	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	169-174
18287335-4	2008	In this work we present the high-level expression of rat VMAT2 (rVMAT2) in a stable a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293), generated using the resistance to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) conferred by the protein.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	178-205	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
16860906-3	2007	In this study, we found that reducing the endogenous expression level of Atrn exacerbated, whereas overexpressing Atrn protected against, the neuronal cell death caused by the neurotoxins, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and lactacystin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	189-216	attractin	Mus musculus	73-77
18371080-2	2008	Animals treated with dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) develop Parkinson"s disease (PD)-like symptoms.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	45-73	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	75-78
18230276-1	2008	This study examined the contribution made by organic cation transporters (hOCT/rOct) to the saturable component of the renal uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, tetraethylammonium (TEA), cimetidine and metformin into rOct2-expressing HEK293 cells and rat kidney slices.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	135-162	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	220-225
17600084-5	2007	We previously showed that PMAT transports many classic organic cations (e.g., monoamine neurotransmitters, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) in a pH-dependent manner and its mRNA is expressed in multiple human tissues.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	107-134	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
17995935-4	2008	Cell-permeable Bcl-xL protected neuroblastoma cells from the selective neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	82-109	BCL2-like 1	Mus musculus	15-21
18157518-6	2008	Berberine also inhibited the uptake of the prototypic cations tetraethylammonium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by MDCK-OCT1 and MDCK-OCT2 transfectants.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-112	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	116-125
18157518-6	2008	Berberine also inhibited the uptake of the prototypic cations tetraethylammonium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by MDCK-OCT1 and MDCK-OCT2 transfectants.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-112	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	130-139
16860906-3	2007	In this study, we found that reducing the endogenous expression level of Atrn exacerbated, whereas overexpressing Atrn protected against, the neuronal cell death caused by the neurotoxins, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and lactacystin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	189-216	attractin	Mus musculus	114-118
17713119-12	2007	Moreover, co-expression of double mutations of PINK1 and DJ-1 in cultured cells from one family with heterozygous mutations, enhanced susceptibility to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion)-induced cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	158-185	PTEN-induced putative kinase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	47-52
17713119-12	2007	Moreover, co-expression of double mutations of PINK1 and DJ-1 in cultured cells from one family with heterozygous mutations, enhanced susceptibility to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion)-induced cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	158-185	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	57-61
17560790-8	2007	Furthermore, increased 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) synaptosomal uptake and enhanced MPP(+) accumulation were measured in DJ-1-deficient vs. control striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	23-50	Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7	Mus musculus	130-134
17508273-0	2007	Erythropoietin prevents PC12 cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis via the Akt/GSK-3beta/caspase-3 mediated signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
17508273-0	2007	Erythropoietin prevents PC12 cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis via the Akt/GSK-3beta/caspase-3 mediated signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
17508273-0	2007	Erythropoietin prevents PC12 cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis via the Akt/GSK-3beta/caspase-3 mediated signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	102-111
17508273-0	2007	Erythropoietin prevents PC12 cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis via the Akt/GSK-3beta/caspase-3 mediated signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	112-121
17508273-3	2007	We demonstrate that exposure of PC12 cells to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) with recombinant human EPO, significantly decreased apoptosis as measured by TUNEL and caspase-3 activity when compared to MPP(+) treatment alone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	46-77	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	110-113
17508273-3	2007	We demonstrate that exposure of PC12 cells to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) with recombinant human EPO, significantly decreased apoptosis as measured by TUNEL and caspase-3 activity when compared to MPP(+) treatment alone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	46-77	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	174-183
17018840-2	2007	We previously demonstrated that PMAT functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter and efficiently transports many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	180-207	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
17631803-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential protective role of Cistanche extracts on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced Parkinson"s disease (PD) cellular model, and to find out whether this effect is achieved through the regulation of growth arrest- and DNA damage-induced gene 153 (GADD153).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	81-112	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	114-117
17612594-0	2007	Protective effect of erythropoietin against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurodegenaration in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	44-71	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	21-35
17612594-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress in cultured PC12 cells, as well as the underlying mechanism, were investigated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	41-55
17612594-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress in cultured PC12 cells, as well as the underlying mechanism, were investigated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
17360686-5	2007	In addition, blocking E2F-1 transcription protected cultured DNs against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-100	E2F transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	22-27
17509534-5	2007	Kinetic analyses demonstrated the Michaelis-Menten constants for the hMATE1-mediated transport of tetraethylammonium, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, cimetidine, metformin, guanidine, procainamide, topotecan, estrone sulfate, acycrovir, and ganciclovir to be (in mM) 0.38, 0.10, 0.17, 0.78, 2.10, 1.23, 0.07, 0.47, 2.64, and 5.12, respectively.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-145	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	69-75
17359968-4	2007	In addition, pre-treatment with echinacoside significantly reduced caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	105-132	caspase 8	Mus musculus	81-90
17362920-0	2007	Antioxidant effect of erythropoietin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	22-36
17362920-1	2007	The neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured PC12 cells as well as the underlying mechanism were investigated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	31-45
17465883-1	2007	We show that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)), an active metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), induces cytotoxicity via endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- and mitochondria-mediated pathways, and thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1), a redox-active protein, prevents MPTP-induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	13-44	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	226-239
17465883-1	2007	We show that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)), an active metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), induces cytotoxicity via endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- and mitochondria-mediated pathways, and thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1), a redox-active protein, prevents MPTP-induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	13-44	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	241-246
17287339-0	2007	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induces synaptic dysfunction through a pathway involving caspase and PKCdelta enzymatic activities.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	97-105
17121826-4	2007	By constructing chimeras between human PMAT and ENT1, we showed that a chimera consisting of transmembrane domains (TM) 1-6 of PMAT and TM7-11 of hENT1 behaved like PMAT, transporting 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+, an organic cation) but not uridine (a nucleoside), suggesting that TM1-6 contains critical domains responsible for substrate recognition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	184-211	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
17121826-4	2007	By constructing chimeras between human PMAT and ENT1, we showed that a chimera consisting of transmembrane domains (TM) 1-6 of PMAT and TM7-11 of hENT1 behaved like PMAT, transporting 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+, an organic cation) but not uridine (a nucleoside), suggesting that TM1-6 contains critical domains responsible for substrate recognition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	184-211	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-52
17121826-4	2007	By constructing chimeras between human PMAT and ENT1, we showed that a chimera consisting of transmembrane domains (TM) 1-6 of PMAT and TM7-11 of hENT1 behaved like PMAT, transporting 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+, an organic cation) but not uridine (a nucleoside), suggesting that TM1-6 contains critical domains responsible for substrate recognition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	184-211	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	127-131
17121826-4	2007	By constructing chimeras between human PMAT and ENT1, we showed that a chimera consisting of transmembrane domains (TM) 1-6 of PMAT and TM7-11 of hENT1 behaved like PMAT, transporting 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+, an organic cation) but not uridine (a nucleoside), suggesting that TM1-6 contains critical domains responsible for substrate recognition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	184-211	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	146-151
17121826-4	2007	By constructing chimeras between human PMAT and ENT1, we showed that a chimera consisting of transmembrane domains (TM) 1-6 of PMAT and TM7-11 of hENT1 behaved like PMAT, transporting 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+, an organic cation) but not uridine (a nucleoside), suggesting that TM1-6 contains critical domains responsible for substrate recognition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	184-211	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	127-131
17240529-0	2007	SAG protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity via the downregulation of ROS generation and JNK signaling.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-86	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	160-163
17240529-2	2007	In the present study, we have determined that SAG suppresses 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity via the downregulation of ROS generation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) activity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	61-92	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	169-194
17240529-2	2007	In the present study, we have determined that SAG suppresses 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity via the downregulation of ROS generation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) activity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	61-92	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	196-200
16876317-0	2006	The role of tissue transglutaminase in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced toxicity in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	39-66	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	12-35
17064362-3	2007	Interestingly, TG2-/- mice were protected against nigrostriatal damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, which is converted in vivo into the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	199-227	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	15-18
17018646-5	2007	Conversely, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) and rotenone oxidized the mitochondrial form of thioredoxin but did not activate JNK-mitogen-activated protein kinase and caspase-3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	12-39	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	97-108
16973275-0	2006	Leptin inhibits 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	16-43	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
17131421-10	2007	Knockdown does, however, confer resistance to the dopamine transporter (DAT)-dependent neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	98-125	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	50-70
17131421-10	2007	Knockdown does, however, confer resistance to the dopamine transporter (DAT)-dependent neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	98-125	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	72-75
16985099-2	2006	For instance, the oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine to the neurotoxic pyridinium ion metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by monoamine oxidase (MAO) B in the brain has been of interest to a number of investigators.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	120-147	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	151-176
16891616-3	2006	PACAP38 and GIF also protected against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(+)-induced neurotoxicity but only in cultures containing microglia.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	39-69	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
17000465-6	2006	We show here, in the MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) cell model of parkinsonism, a time- and dose-dependent increase in the hyperphosphorylation of Tau at pSer396/404 (PHF-1-reactive Tau, p-Tau), concomitant with increased accumulation of alpha-Syn, upon treatment of cells with the neurotoxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	27-54	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	175-180
16807400-7	2006	hMATE2-K also transported cimetidine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), procainamide, metformin, and N1-methylnicotinamide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	38-65	solute carrier family 47 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
16807400-7	2006	hMATE2-K also transported cimetidine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), procainamide, metformin, and N1-methylnicotinamide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-70	solute carrier family 47 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
16807400-8	2006	Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the Michaelis-Menten constants for the hMATE2-K-mediated transport of TEA, MPP, cimetidine, metformin, and procainamide were 0.83 mM, 93.5 microM, 0.37 mM, 1.05 mM, and 4.10 mM, respectively.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	110-113	solute carrier family 47 member 2	Homo sapiens	74-80
16807400-9	2006	Ammonium chloride-induced intracellular acidification significantly stimulated the hMATE2-K-dependent transport of organic cations such as TEA, MPP, procainamide, metformin, N1-methylnicotinamide, creatinine, guanidine, quinidine, quinine, thiamine, and verapamil.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	144-147	solute carrier family 47 member 2	Homo sapiens	83-89
16725303-0	2006	Endogenous semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor increases 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced dopamine efflux by immobilization stress in rat striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-107	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	11-48
16725303-0	2006	Endogenous semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor increases 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced dopamine efflux by immobilization stress in rat striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-107	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
17000465-6	2006	We show here, in the MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) cell model of parkinsonism, a time- and dose-dependent increase in the hyperphosphorylation of Tau at pSer396/404 (PHF-1-reactive Tau, p-Tau), concomitant with increased accumulation of alpha-Syn, upon treatment of cells with the neurotoxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	27-54	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	246-255
16547587-0	2006	Curcumin protects PC12 cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis by bcl-2-mitochondria-ROS-iNOS pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
16733047-1	2006	Dopamine transporter (DAT) provides not only an integral component of dopaminergic neurotransmission but also a molecular gateway for the accumulation of some neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	179-206	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
16733047-1	2006	Dopamine transporter (DAT) provides not only an integral component of dopaminergic neurotransmission but also a molecular gateway for the accumulation of some neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	179-206	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
16584838-5	2006	After co-transfection of PC12 cells with this vector and the inducer plasmid, the expression of GDNF and TH protected these cells from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced injury, and significantly increased the content of dopamine in GDNF/TH-expressing cells compared with the control.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	135-163	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
16584838-5	2006	After co-transfection of PC12 cells with this vector and the inducer plasmid, the expression of GDNF and TH protected these cells from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced injury, and significantly increased the content of dopamine in GDNF/TH-expressing cells compared with the control.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	135-163	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	105-107
16804760-1	2006	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) caused a nuclear damage, the mitochondrial membrane permeability changes, leading to the cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, the formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	181-190
16547587-0	2006	Curcumin protects PC12 cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis by bcl-2-mitochondria-ROS-iNOS pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
16353238-0	2006	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity is attenuated by adenoviral gene transfer of human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	93-119
16632486-6	2006	Furthermore, co-expression of wild-type DJ-1 and PINK1 suppresses neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced death of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	77-104	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	40-44
16632486-6	2006	Furthermore, co-expression of wild-type DJ-1 and PINK1 suppresses neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced death of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	77-104	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
16406270-1	2006	The present study examined the ability of antioxidant effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, imidaprilat, on the synergistic effect of bisphenol A and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced hydroxyl radical (*OH) formation and dopamine (DA) efflux in extracellular fluid of rat striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	170-201	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
16386813-1	2006	The present study examined the antioxidant effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE), imidaprilat, on para-nonylphenol and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced hydroxyl radical (*OH) formation and dopamine (DA) efflux in extracellular fluid of rat striatum, using a microdialysis technique.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	138-169	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	54-93
16386813-1	2006	The present study examined the antioxidant effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE), imidaprilat, on para-nonylphenol and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced hydroxyl radical (*OH) formation and dopamine (DA) efflux in extracellular fluid of rat striatum, using a microdialysis technique.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	138-169	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
17447416-3	2006	MAO B also oxidizes the xenobiotic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to a parkinsonism-producing neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	127-155	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	0-5
16099839-3	2005	We have reported previously that, unlike other ENTs, PMAT (also known as ENT4) is a Na+-independent and membrane potential-sensitive transporter that transports monoamine neurotransmitters and the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	208-235	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
16330770-5	2005	When expressed in HEK293 cells, MATE1 mediates H(+)-coupled electroneutral exchange of tetraethylammonium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	110-137	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
16135085-0	2005	Proliferation of microglial cells induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in mesencephalic cultures results from an astrocyte-dependent mechanism: role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	45-72	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	154-202
16099839-3	2005	We have reported previously that, unlike other ENTs, PMAT (also known as ENT4) is a Na+-independent and membrane potential-sensitive transporter that transports monoamine neurotransmitters and the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	208-235	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
16099847-1	2005	Through the inhibition of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B), (-)-deprenyl (selegiline) prevents the conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and also prevents the neurotoxicity in the dopaminergic neurons in animal models.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	189-216	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	26-50
15978696-2	2005	Recently, we demonstrated that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induces caspase-3-dependent proteolytic activation of PKCdelta, which subsequently contributes to neuronal apoptotic cell death in mesencephalic dopaminergic neuronal cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	31-58	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	74-83
16099847-1	2005	Through the inhibition of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B), (-)-deprenyl (selegiline) prevents the conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and also prevents the neurotoxicity in the dopaminergic neurons in animal models.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	189-216	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	52-57
15978696-2	2005	Recently, we demonstrated that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induces caspase-3-dependent proteolytic activation of PKCdelta, which subsequently contributes to neuronal apoptotic cell death in mesencephalic dopaminergic neuronal cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	31-58	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	120-128
16156740-0	2005	Apoptosis inducing factor mediates caspase-independent 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity in dopaminergic cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-82	apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1	Mus musculus	0-25
16000145-4	2005	Moreover, our results showed that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) induced up-regulation of mRNA for the Kir6.2 subunit and down-regulation of SUR1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	34-66	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	112-118
16000145-4	2005	Moreover, our results showed that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) induced up-regulation of mRNA for the Kir6.2 subunit and down-regulation of SUR1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	34-66	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	150-154
15448143-7	2004	When expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes, PMAT efficiently transports serotonin (K(m) = 114 mum), dopamine (K(m) = 329 mum), and the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (K(m) = 33 mum).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	180-207	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
16024787-8	2005	IRIP overexpression inhibited endogenous 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) uptake activity in HeLa cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	41-68	yrdC N6-threonylcarbamoyltransferase domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-4
15662045-5	2005	These amino acids (Ala443, Leu447, and Gln448 in rOCT1 and Ile443, Tyr447, and Glu448 in rOCT2) are probably located within the substrate binding region because in rOCT1 mutants, the K(m) values for uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) were decreased in parallel with a decrease of the IC50 values for the inhibition of cation uptake by corticosterone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	238-265	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
15662045-5	2005	These amino acids (Ala443, Leu447, and Gln448 in rOCT1 and Ile443, Tyr447, and Glu448 in rOCT2) are probably located within the substrate binding region because in rOCT1 mutants, the K(m) values for uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) were decreased in parallel with a decrease of the IC50 values for the inhibition of cation uptake by corticosterone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	238-265	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
15662045-5	2005	These amino acids (Ala443, Leu447, and Gln448 in rOCT1 and Ile443, Tyr447, and Glu448 in rOCT2) are probably located within the substrate binding region because in rOCT1 mutants, the K(m) values for uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) were decreased in parallel with a decrease of the IC50 values for the inhibition of cation uptake by corticosterone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	238-265	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
15662045-5	2005	These amino acids (Ala443, Leu447, and Gln448 in rOCT1 and Ile443, Tyr447, and Glu448 in rOCT2) are probably located within the substrate binding region because in rOCT1 mutants, the K(m) values for uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) were decreased in parallel with a decrease of the IC50 values for the inhibition of cation uptake by corticosterone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	267-270	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
15662045-5	2005	These amino acids (Ala443, Leu447, and Gln448 in rOCT1 and Ile443, Tyr447, and Glu448 in rOCT2) are probably located within the substrate binding region because in rOCT1 mutants, the K(m) values for uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) were decreased in parallel with a decrease of the IC50 values for the inhibition of cation uptake by corticosterone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	267-270	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
15662045-5	2005	These amino acids (Ala443, Leu447, and Gln448 in rOCT1 and Ile443, Tyr447, and Glu448 in rOCT2) are probably located within the substrate binding region because in rOCT1 mutants, the K(m) values for uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) were decreased in parallel with a decrease of the IC50 values for the inhibition of cation uptake by corticosterone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	267-270	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
15547049-9	2005	The uptake of choline, MPP, and TEA was inhibited by the presence of tacrine in rOCT2-expressing SK-HEP1 cells, whereas the uptake of carnitine was inhibited by the presence of tacrine in rOCTN2-expressing HEK 293 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	23-26	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
15542611-0	2005	TRPC1-mediated inhibition of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion neurotoxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	29-60	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15542611-3	2005	SH-SY5Y cells treated with an exogenous neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) significantly decreased TRPC1 protein levels.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	52-83	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
15247282-0	2004	Proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced cell cycle arrest.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	36-45
15086525-1	2004	Endogenous or exogenous beta-carboline (betaC) derivatives structurally related to the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson"s disease (PD).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	199-226	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	24-46
14962063-1	2004	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) ion, a toxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, is produced by monoamine oxidase B in astrocytes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	125-144
14752097-0	2004	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons is mediated by transferrin receptor iron-dependent depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin and neuronal nitric-oxide synthase-derived superoxide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	91-111
14752097-0	2004	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons is mediated by transferrin receptor iron-dependent depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin and neuronal nitric-oxide synthase-derived superoxide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	164-194
14672949-4	2004	Here we report that a combination of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) or rotenone and proteasome inhibition causes the appearance of alpha-synuclein-positive inclusion bodies.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	141-156
14527822-1	2003	Recent studies on the intestinal uptake of the organic cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) showed that transport of this compound occurs through human extraneuronal monoamine transporter (hEMT).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-89	solute carrier family 22 member 3	Homo sapiens	157-192
14529466-1	2003	This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and the injurious effect of complex I inhibitors, of which 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) is a well studied example.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	107-138	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	140-143
14649730-1	2003	cDNA microarray analysis of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) toxicity (1 mM, 72 h) in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells identified 48 genes that displayed a signal intensity greater than the mean of all differentially expressed genes and a two-fold or greater difference in normalized expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	28-56	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	58-61
14527822-1	2003	Recent studies on the intestinal uptake of the organic cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) showed that transport of this compound occurs through human extraneuronal monoamine transporter (hEMT).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-89	IL2 inducible T cell kinase	Homo sapiens	194-198
14511319-0	2003	Caspase-3 dependent proteolytic activation of protein kinase C delta mediates and regulates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptotic cell death in dopaminergic cells: relevance to oxidative stress in dopaminergic degeneration.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-119	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
12958153-8	2003	The neurotoxin MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), oxidative stress, or impairment of cell adhesion ablated the alpha-synuclein-mediated inhibition of DAT activity, which caused increased uptake of DA and increased biotinylated DAT levels, in both mesencephalic neurons and cotransfected cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	21-48	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	112-127
12958153-8	2003	The neurotoxin MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), oxidative stress, or impairment of cell adhesion ablated the alpha-synuclein-mediated inhibition of DAT activity, which caused increased uptake of DA and increased biotinylated DAT levels, in both mesencephalic neurons and cotransfected cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	21-48	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	151-154
14575693-0	2003	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced down-regulation of dopamine transporter function correlates with a reduction in dopamine transporter cell surface expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	55-75
14575693-0	2003	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced down-regulation of dopamine transporter function correlates with a reduction in dopamine transporter cell surface expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	116-136
14565778-0	2003	The parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) mediates release of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and inhibition of l-DOPA decarboxylase in the rat striatum: a microdialysis study.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	28-55	dopa decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	141-161
14511319-0	2003	Caspase-3 dependent proteolytic activation of protein kinase C delta mediates and regulates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptotic cell death in dopaminergic cells: relevance to oxidative stress in dopaminergic degeneration.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-119	protein kinase C, delta	Rattus norvegicus	46-68
12682215-4	2003	Interestingly, another substrate, N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), was transported only by hSERT.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	34-61	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
12807439-0	2003	Alpha-synuclein protects naive but not dbcAMP-treated dopaminergic cell types from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	83-110	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	0-15
12807439-2	2003	The present study indicates that alpha-synuclein, but not its mutants (A53T, A30P), can protect CNS dopaminergic cells from the parkinsonism-inducing drug 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), whereas it cannot protect from the dopaminergic toxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, hydrogen-peroxide, or the beta-amyloid peptide, A-beta.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	155-182	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	33-48
12523938-0	2003	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidant generation: role of transferrin-receptor-dependent iron and hydrogen peroxide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	99-119
12151787-2	2002	Here we report on effects of mutant alpha-synucleins on dopamine transporter (DAT)-mediated toxicity of the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	142-173	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	78-81
12926536-2	2003	Mitochondrial toxins, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +) and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), were previously shown to reduce KYNA synthesis via interference with KAT I and II.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	22-49	kynurenine aminotransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-174
14686785-3	2003	Overexpression of CYP2D6 protected both actively dividing and differentiated cells against the toxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion at the concentration range of 20-40 microM, as assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	112-143	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
12145295-7	2002	These results suggest that mutant alpha-synuclein leads to an impairment in vesicular dopamine storage and consequent accumulation of dopamine in the cytosol, a pathogenic mechanism that underlies the toxicity of the psychostimulant amphetamine and the parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	277-304	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	34-49
12604665-2	2003	In the present study, we investigated whether stimulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptor attenuates N-methyl-D-aspartate- (NMDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced apoptotic cell death in cell culture models.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	150-177	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	65-87
12604665-2	2003	In the present study, we investigated whether stimulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptor attenuates N-methyl-D-aspartate- (NMDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced apoptotic cell death in cell culture models.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	150-177	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
12866710-3	2002	1-Methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is an exogenous neurotoxin producing parkinsonism in humans, monkeys and various animals as the result of MAOB-catalyzed conversion of it to the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+), which selectively kills the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	198-230	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	159-163
12440152-5	2002	The inhibitory potencies of cationic drugs and endogenous cations on the tetraethylammoniun (TEA) uptake via rOCT1 and rOCT2 indicates that rOCT1 and rOCT2 have similar affinity for many compounds, although there are moderate differences in the affinity for several compounds, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium, dopamine, disopyramide, and chlorpheniramine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	285-313	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
12440152-5	2002	The inhibitory potencies of cationic drugs and endogenous cations on the tetraethylammoniun (TEA) uptake via rOCT1 and rOCT2 indicates that rOCT1 and rOCT2 have similar affinity for many compounds, although there are moderate differences in the affinity for several compounds, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium, dopamine, disopyramide, and chlorpheniramine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	285-313	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	119-124
12440152-5	2002	The inhibitory potencies of cationic drugs and endogenous cations on the tetraethylammoniun (TEA) uptake via rOCT1 and rOCT2 indicates that rOCT1 and rOCT2 have similar affinity for many compounds, although there are moderate differences in the affinity for several compounds, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium, dopamine, disopyramide, and chlorpheniramine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	285-313	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
12440152-5	2002	The inhibitory potencies of cationic drugs and endogenous cations on the tetraethylammoniun (TEA) uptake via rOCT1 and rOCT2 indicates that rOCT1 and rOCT2 have similar affinity for many compounds, although there are moderate differences in the affinity for several compounds, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium, dopamine, disopyramide, and chlorpheniramine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	285-313	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
12089365-8	2002	hOCT2-A stimulated the uptake of TEA, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, and cimetidine as well as did hOCT2.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	38-65	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
12044541-2	2002	Although MPTP produces a parkinsonian syndrome after its conversion to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP(+)) by type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) in the brain, the etiology of this disease remains obscure.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	71-96	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	135-140
12111836-0	2002	Specific up-regulation of GADD153/CHOP in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-70	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	26-33
12111836-0	2002	Specific up-regulation of GADD153/CHOP in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-70	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	34-38
12111836-1	2002	Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible 153 (GADD153) expression was increased in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+))-treated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as determined by gene microarray analysis.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	77-105	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	40-47
12128007-4	2002	We demonstrated that ligand-activated estrogen receptor beta suppressed dopaminergic neuronal death in an in vitro Parkinson"s disease model which uses 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	152-179	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	38-60
12111451-0	2002	Inhibition of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase significantly attenuates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) toxicity in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-112	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	38-59
11958526-9	2002	Semicarbazide, a SSAO inhibitor, enhances the formation of .OH products of efflux/oxidation due to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	99-126	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
11724929-5	2001	In vitro studies using primary cultures of mesencephalic and cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) and/or glia demonstrate that minocycline inhibits both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-mediated iNOS expression and NO-induced neurotoxicity, but MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity is inhibited only in the presence of glia.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	149-176	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	195-199
11872262-0	2002	Thioredoxin suppresses 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in rat PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	23-50	thioredoxin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
12397600-3	2002	We aimed to investigate, in Caco-2 cells, a putative modulation of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) apical uptake by an ecto-ALP activity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-94	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	124-128
12397600-3	2002	We aimed to investigate, in Caco-2 cells, a putative modulation of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) apical uptake by an ecto-ALP activity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-94	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	129-132
11771942-2	2002	Shh also promotes the survival of fetal dopaminergic neurons and protects cultures of fetal midbrain dopaminergic neurons from the toxic effects of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a neurotoxin that selectively injures nigral dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	148-175	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
11758759-5	2001	The IC50 values for cationic drugs and endogenous cations on [14C]tetraethylammonium uptake across the basolateral membranes in the transfectants indicated that rOCT1 and rOCT2 had similar inhibitor specificity for many compounds but showed moderate differences in the specificity for several compounds, such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, dopamine, disopyramide, and chlorpheniramine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	312-339	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
11689167-10	2001	Overall, these results indicate that inhibition of GSK3beta provides protection against the toxic effects of agents, such as MPP and rotenone, that impair mitochondrial function.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	125-128	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	51-59
11758759-5	2001	The IC50 values for cationic drugs and endogenous cations on [14C]tetraethylammonium uptake across the basolateral membranes in the transfectants indicated that rOCT1 and rOCT2 had similar inhibitor specificity for many compounds but showed moderate differences in the specificity for several compounds, such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, dopamine, disopyramide, and chlorpheniramine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	312-339	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
11489261-0	2001	Interactions of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and other compounds with P-glycoprotein: relevance to toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	16-43	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	69-83
11489261-3	2001	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), the toxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), is a substrate for VMAT2 that has several structural features in common with P-GP substrates and inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	134-139
11489261-3	2001	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), the toxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), is a substrate for VMAT2 that has several structural features in common with P-GP substrates and inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	192-196
11418099-5	2001	However, there were striking exceptions where an apparent interaction was found between the PSST and ND1 subunits: preincubation with NADH increases PSST labeling and decreases ND1 labeling; the very weak complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) and the semiquinone analogue stigmatellin show the opposite effect with increased labeling at ND1 coupled to decreased labeling at PSST in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	225-256	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7	Homo sapiens	92-96
11435944-2	2001	We explored the possible involvement of GAPDH in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced death of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons (MDNs) in culture.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	40-45
11418099-5	2001	However, there were striking exceptions where an apparent interaction was found between the PSST and ND1 subunits: preincubation with NADH increases PSST labeling and decreases ND1 labeling; the very weak complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) and the semiquinone analogue stigmatellin show the opposite effect with increased labeling at ND1 coupled to decreased labeling at PSST in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	225-256	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
11223917-0	2001	Low concentrations of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	22-49	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	61-68
11390648-6	2001	However, Orct3-null mice show an impaired uptake-2 activity as measured by accumulation of intravenously administered [(3)H]MPP(+) (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	132-159	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 3	Mus musculus	9-14
11470327-0	2001	Participation of manganese-superoxide dismutase in the neuroprotection exerted by copper sulfate against 1-methyl 4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	105-132	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	17-47
11301060-3	2001	Treatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+), 1 mM) induced the first event, which was the release of cytochrome c from the organellar fraction to the cytosolic fraction, then came the DNA fragmentation, and caused the last event, which was the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein in the cytosolic fraction.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	52-79	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	145-157
11301060-3	2001	Treatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+), 1 mM) induced the first event, which was the release of cytochrome c from the organellar fraction to the cytosolic fraction, then came the DNA fragmentation, and caused the last event, which was the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein in the cytosolic fraction.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	52-79	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	304-319
11264300-4	2001	However, cotreatment of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-intoxicated primary DA cultures with broad-spectrum and specific caspase-8 inhibitors did not result in neuroprotection but seemed to trigger a switch from apoptosis to necrosis.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	24-51	caspase 8	Mus musculus	117-126
11172770-5	2001	MPTP is converted by monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) to its neurotoxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+), which is then taken up into the dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	78-106	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	21-40
11295768-2	2001	Moreover, recent postmortem and in vitro results have indicated that apoptotic cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) may be mediated by caspase-3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	101-128	caspase 3	Mus musculus	157-166
11172770-5	2001	MPTP is converted by monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) to its neurotoxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+), which is then taken up into the dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	78-106	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	42-47
11027249-6	2000	DAT function, determined by measuring accumulation of radiolabeled DA and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), was found to directly correlate with temperature, with higher levels of substrate uptake at 40 degrees C, intermediate levels at 37 degrees C, and lower levels at 34 degrees C. DAT-mediated accumulation of METH also directly correlated with temperature, with greater accumulation at higher temperatures.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	74-101	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
11233301-2	2001	Although MPTP produces a parkinsonian syndrome after its conversion to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) by type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) in the brain, the etiology of this disease remains obscure.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	71-96	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	133-138
11161470-0	2001	Akt1/PKBalpha protects PC12 cells against the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and reduces the levels of oxygen-free radicals.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	79-106	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11161470-0	2001	Akt1/PKBalpha protects PC12 cells against the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and reduces the levels of oxygen-free radicals.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	79-106	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-13
11124990-2	2000	Here we show that a peptide caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-val-ala-asp-fluoromethyl ketone, or adenoviral gene transfer (AdV) of a protein caspase inhibitor, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), prevent cell death of dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons induced by MPTP or its active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in vitro and in vivo.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	340-367	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Mus musculus	167-209
11036157-0	2000	Prevention of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nitration of tyrosine hydroxylase and neurotoxicity by EUK-134, a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, in cultured dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	14-41	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	139-159
10982813-16	2000	Furthermore, when cells were cultured under the conditions where energy has to be provided by respiration, the NDI1-transduced cells were able to grow even in the presence of added complex I inhibitor such as rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	222-249	NADH-ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating) NDI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	111-115
11085327-1	2000	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a heroin analogue, is a neurotoxin that undergoes in vivo oxidation by monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) which preferentially exerts its toxic effects on the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in brain.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	155-186	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	124-143
11085327-1	2000	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a heroin analogue, is a neurotoxin that undergoes in vivo oxidation by monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) which preferentially exerts its toxic effects on the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in brain.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	155-186	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	145-150
10983695-1	2000	Dopamine transporters (DAT) uptake neurotoxic substances such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in the dopaminergic nerve terminals and may confer susceptibility to cytotoxic effects of neurotoxic substance.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-21
10983695-1	2000	Dopamine transporters (DAT) uptake neurotoxic substances such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in the dopaminergic nerve terminals and may confer susceptibility to cytotoxic effects of neurotoxic substance.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	23-26
10772999-0	2000	In vitro studies of striatal vesicles containing the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2): rat versus mouse differences in sequestration of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	143-170	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
10773000-0	2000	Inhibition of brain vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) enhances 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity in vivo in rat striata.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	69-96	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
12835094-3	2000	MPTP is bioactivated by brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to its neurotoxic pyridinium metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) which destroys dopaminergic nerve terminals leading to the depletion of neostriatal dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	98-125	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	30-49
12835094-3	2000	MPTP is bioactivated by brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to its neurotoxic pyridinium metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) which destroys dopaminergic nerve terminals leading to the depletion of neostriatal dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	98-125	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	51-56
10482797-1	1999	The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is dependent upon the MAO-B (monoamine oxidase type B)-catalyzed production of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) and is likely to involve a perturbation of energy metabolism.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	152-179	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	95-100
10694895-5	2000	OCT3 function was analyzed in cultured human ARPE-19 cells by monitoring the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP(+)), a neurotoxin, which is a known substrate for OCT3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	87-115	OCTN3	Homo sapiens	0-4
10694895-5	2000	OCT3 function was analyzed in cultured human ARPE-19 cells by monitoring the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP(+)), a neurotoxin, which is a known substrate for OCT3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	87-115	OCTN3	Homo sapiens	171-175
11388889-6	1999	When stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, only the full length hOCT1 cDNA mediated decynium-22 (D22)-sensitive uptake of tritiated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([3H]-MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	153-180	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
10517700-0	1999	HEK-293 cells expressing the human dopamine transporter are susceptible to low concentrations of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) via impairment of energy metabolism.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	97-122	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	35-55
10517700-1	1999	Selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is believed to be due to the transmembrane uptake by the dopamine transporter and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and/or production of free radicals.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	48-73	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	138-158
10737593-1	2000	Oxidative stress induced by acute complex I inhibition with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion activated biphasically the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the early transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	136-159
10737593-1	2000	Oxidative stress induced by acute complex I inhibition with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion activated biphasically the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the early transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	161-164
10737593-1	2000	Oxidative stress induced by acute complex I inhibition with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion activated biphasically the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the early transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	201-222
10737593-1	2000	Oxidative stress induced by acute complex I inhibition with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion activated biphasically the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the early transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	224-233
10601867-0	2000	The D-loop structure of human mtDNA is destabilized directly by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), a parkinsonism-causing toxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-91	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	97-100
11129104-1	2000	The organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), also termed as extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT), is known to be expressed in glial cells where it is responsible for the uptake of catecholamines and neurotoxic organic cations such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	235-262	OCTN3	Homo sapiens	4-32
11129104-1	2000	The organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), also termed as extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT), is known to be expressed in glial cells where it is responsible for the uptake of catecholamines and neurotoxic organic cations such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	235-262	OCTN3	Homo sapiens	34-38
10482797-1	1999	The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is dependent upon the MAO-B (monoamine oxidase type B)-catalyzed production of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) and is likely to involve a perturbation of energy metabolism.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	152-179	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	102-126
10354494-8	1999	The NDI1-transfected HEK 293 cells were able to grow in media containing a complex I inhibitor such as rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	116-147	NADH-ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating) NDI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
10411589-3	1999	There were small but significant differences between the rat NET and the human or bovine NETs with respect to the affinities of sodium ions (greater for rat than for bovine) of the substrates norepinephrine, epinephrine, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (greater for human than for rat), and of the inhibitor cocaine (greater for human and bovine than for rat), whereas the affinities of dopamine and of most inhibitors, including tricyclic antidepressants, showed no species differences.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	225-252	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
10385678-4	1999	Normalized uptake rates indicate that tetraethylammonium, with a rate of about 0.5 relative to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), is a good substrate for OCT1 and OCT2.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	95-122	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
10385678-4	1999	Normalized uptake rates indicate that tetraethylammonium, with a rate of about 0.5 relative to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), is a good substrate for OCT1 and OCT2.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	95-122	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	164-168
10222117-2	1999	MPTP is converted by monoamine oxidase B to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which blocks complex I of the electron transport chain.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	44-71	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	21-40
9687576-1	1998	Recently, we cloned the human cation transporter hOCT2, a member of a new family of polyspecific transporters from kidney, and demonstrated electrogenic uptake of tetraethylammonium, choline, N1-methylnicotinamide, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	219-246	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
9870933-7	1999	Exogenous BDNF treatment produced significant neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, glutamate, and nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity in the SN4741 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	10-14
9855633-1	1998	Treatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with 1 mM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) for 3 days induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by caspase-3 activation, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and apoptotic cell death with DNA fragmentation and characteristic morphological changes (condensed chromatin and fragmented nuclei).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-84	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	168-177
9855633-1	1998	Treatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with 1 mM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) for 3 days induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by caspase-3 activation, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and apoptotic cell death with DNA fragmentation and characteristic morphological changes (condensed chromatin and fragmented nuclei).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-84	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	202-229
9855633-1	1998	Treatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with 1 mM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) for 3 days induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by caspase-3 activation, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and apoptotic cell death with DNA fragmentation and characteristic morphological changes (condensed chromatin and fragmented nuclei).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-84	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	231-235
10082798-7	1999	Uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium was stimulated by OCT2 as well as OCT1, but uptake of levofloxacin, a zwitterion, was not stimulated by both OCTs.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	10-37	POU class 2 homeobox 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	56-60
10082798-7	1999	Uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium was stimulated by OCT2 as well as OCT1, but uptake of levofloxacin, a zwitterion, was not stimulated by both OCTs.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	10-37	POU class 2 homeobox 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	72-76
9914521-0	1999	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) selectively inhibits the replication of mitochondrial DNA.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	33-36
9914521-1	1999	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is known to cause Parkinsonism in its neurotoxic form, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	100-127	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	133-136
9830022-2	1998	When expressed in mammalian cells, OCT3 mediates the uptake of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and the neurotransmitter dopamine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	78-105	solute carrier family 22 member 3	Homo sapiens	35-39
9826433-2	1998	Incubation of MPTP with mitochondrial fraction gave exclusively 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+); this reaction was inhibited by deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, and KCN.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-91	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	143-168
9808712-6	1998	Although various hydrophilic organic cations such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, cimetidine, quinidine, nicotine, N1-methylnicotinamide and guanidine markedly inhibited TEA uptake by both MDCK-OCT1 and MDCK-OCT2 cells, there were no significant differences in the apparent inhibition constants (Ki) against these organic cations between both transfectants.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	53-80	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-198
9808712-6	1998	Although various hydrophilic organic cations such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, cimetidine, quinidine, nicotine, N1-methylnicotinamide and guanidine markedly inhibited TEA uptake by both MDCK-OCT1 and MDCK-OCT2 cells, there were no significant differences in the apparent inhibition constants (Ki) against these organic cations between both transfectants.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	53-80	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Rattus norvegicus	208-212
9692710-6	1998	Moreover, pretreatment of ventral mesencephalon cultures with the tetrapeptide inhibitors of the caspase-3-like proteases zVAD-FMK or Ac-DEVD-CHO specifically inhibit death of dopamine neurons induced by low concentrations of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, whereas the caspase-1-like inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CHO was without effect.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	226-253	caspase 3	Mus musculus	97-106
9692710-7	1998	Our data indicate that exposure of cultured ventral mesencephalon dopamine neurons to low concentrations of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium results in apoptotic death and that caspase-3-like proteases may mediate the neurotoxic apoptotic actions of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	245-272	caspase 3	Mus musculus	172-181
9739158-1	1998	The Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) causes specific cell death in dopaminergic neurons after accumulation by the dopamine transporter (DAT).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-64	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	149-169
9739158-1	1998	The Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) causes specific cell death in dopaminergic neurons after accumulation by the dopamine transporter (DAT).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-64	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
8955087-2	1996	rOCT1 induced highly active transport of a variety of cations, including the classical substrates for cation transport, such as N-1-methylnicotinamide, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), and tetraethylammonium (TEA), but also the physiologically important choline.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	152-179	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
9460746-2	1998	Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has been implicated in both the in vitro and in vivo recovery of mesencephalic dopaminergic cells challenged with the neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 6-hydroxydopamine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-43
9326266-0	1997	Involvement of a caspase-3-like cysteine protease in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-mediated apoptosis of cultured cerebellar granule neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	53-80	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	17-26
9260930-6	1997	After expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, hOCT1 and hOCT2 mediate tracer influx of N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	145-172	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
9260930-6	1997	After expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, hOCT1 and hOCT2 mediate tracer influx of N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	145-172	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	54-59
9260930-6	1997	After expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, hOCT1 and hOCT2 mediate tracer influx of N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-177	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
9260930-6	1997	After expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, hOCT1 and hOCT2 mediate tracer influx of N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-177	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	54-59
9260930-10	1997	In voltage-clamped hOCT2-expressing oocytes, inward currents were induced by superfusion with MPP, TEA, choline, quinine, d-tubocurarine, pancuronium, and cyanine863.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	94-97	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
9655880-8	1998	14C-TEA uptake in hOCT1 plasmid DNA-transfected HeLa cells was trans-stimulated by unlabeled TEA and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	101-129	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
9618255-7	1998	Several organic cations, including the neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and methamphetamine, compete for the OCTN2-mediated transport process.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-78	solute carrier family 22 member 5	Homo sapiens	163-168
9602072-0	1998	Tyrosine-533 of rat dopamine transporter: involvement in interactions with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and cocaine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-102	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	20-40
8955087-2	1996	rOCT1 induced highly active transport of a variety of cations, including the classical substrates for cation transport, such as N-1-methylnicotinamide, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), and tetraethylammonium (TEA), but also the physiologically important choline.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	181-184	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
8955087-3	1996	In oocytes rOCT1 also mediated efflux of MPP, which could be trans-stimulated by MPP and TEA.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	41-44	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
8643547-11	1996	N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, phenylethylamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine are all more potent inhibitors of VMAT2 than of VMAT1, whereas fenfluramine is a more potent inhibitor of VMAT1-mediated monamine transport than of VMAT2-mediated monoamine transport.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	128-133
8959985-11	1996	MAO-B is essential for the activation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, for a component of the enzymatic conversion of dopamine to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and for the activation of other potential toxins such as isoquinolines and beta-carbolines.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	89-120	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	0-5
8630091-1	1996	Isoquinoline derivatives exert 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-like activity as inhibitors of complex I and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity in rat brain mitochondrial fragments.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	31-58	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	111-144
8878118-2	1996	Human DAT showed the highest activities for dopamine uptake, MPP+ uptake and cocaine binding, indicating that humans are more vulnerable to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity and cocaine addiction.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	140-167	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	6-9
8764580-1	1996	We demonstrate that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is toxic to chick peripheral sympathetic neurons maintained in culture in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	20-47	nerve growth factor	Gallus gallus	145-164
8764580-1	1996	We demonstrate that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is toxic to chick peripheral sympathetic neurons maintained in culture in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	20-47	nerve growth factor	Gallus gallus	166-169
8643547-11	1996	N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, phenylethylamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine are all more potent inhibitors of VMAT2 than of VMAT1, whereas fenfluramine is a more potent inhibitor of VMAT1-mediated monamine transport than of VMAT2-mediated monoamine transport.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Homo sapiens	142-147
8643547-11	1996	N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, phenylethylamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine are all more potent inhibitors of VMAT2 than of VMAT1, whereas fenfluramine is a more potent inhibitor of VMAT1-mediated monamine transport than of VMAT2-mediated monoamine transport.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Homo sapiens	200-205
8643547-11	1996	N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, phenylethylamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine are all more potent inhibitors of VMAT2 than of VMAT1, whereas fenfluramine is a more potent inhibitor of VMAT1-mediated monamine transport than of VMAT2-mediated monoamine transport.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	242-247
8543051-3	1995	Cells expressing a c-DNA coding for one of the rat monoamine transporters (VMAT1) become resistant to the neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) [Liu et al.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	117-144	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
8627546-1	1996	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces a Parkinson-like syndrome through biotransformation by monoamine oxidase B to the neurotoxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-189	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	115-134
8820906-0	1996	Uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and ATP content in synaptosomes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	10-41	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	43-46
8820906-1	1996	Symptoms such as those in Parkinson"s disease are known to be induced by the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	89-116	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	118-121
8522992-0	1996	Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor exerts neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic neurons in vitro and promotes their survival and regrowth after damage by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	162-189	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	0-43
8522992-1	1996	The effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the growth of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and on their survival following exposure to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) was examined in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	176-203	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	59-63
8848200-1	1995	We measured beta-carbolinium cations (BC+s) endogenous analogs of the N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), in the lumbar CSF of 22 patients with idiopathic Parkinson"s disease (PD) and 11 age-matched controls without any symptoms of parkinsonism.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	103-106
8788920-0	1995	1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) causes DNA fragmentation and increases the Bcl-2 expression in human neuroblastoma, SH-SY5Y cells, through different mechanisms.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-28	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	83-88
8585613-5	1995	We also found that MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium species), which is accumulated actively by platelets, inhibited [3H]DHR specific binding in a concentration-dependent manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	25-53	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	19-22
7790410-3	1995	In the present study, we examined whether systemically administered bFGF could prevent neuronal death induced by intrastriatal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or chemical hypoxia induced by intrastriatal injection of malonate in adult rats and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in neonatal rats.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	253-280	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
9173999-2	1995	Overexpression of Bcl-2 in MN9D cells attenuated cell death due to treatment of mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors including N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, whereas it did not prevent cell death induced by reagents generating reactive oxygen species including 6-hydroxy-dopamine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	134-161	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	18-23
8121637-0	1993	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) binds with high affinity to a beta-carboline binding site located on monoamine oxidase type A in rat brain.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	104-128
7825121-2	1994	In the brain, the enzyme monoamine oxidase B converts MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) which enters DA terminals via DA uptake sites.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-89	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	25-44
7830954-5	1994	As the neurotoxic effects of MPTP depend on its conversion to the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B), the presence of a different peripheral or central MAO B type in female mice could be in part responsible for these sex related effects.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	66-97	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	108-127
7830954-5	1994	As the neurotoxic effects of MPTP depend on its conversion to the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B), the presence of a different peripheral or central MAO B type in female mice could be in part responsible for these sex related effects.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	66-97	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	129-134
7700516-6	1994	Transforming growth factor-beta s were significantly more potent than fibroblast growth factor-2 in protecting dopaminergic neurons against N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	140-167	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-96
8071874-1	1994	It is now generally accepted that the nigrostriatal degenerative properties of the parkinsonian-inducing agent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine are mediated by the brain monoamine oxidase B generated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium metabolite (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	212-239	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	182-201
8197193-0	1994	Implanted fibroblasts genetically engineered to produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevent 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity to dopaminergic neurons in the rat.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	98-125	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-89
7984654-0	1994	Enhancement of striatal lipid peroxidation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in mouse brain is blocked by MAO-B inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	54-81	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	111-116
8245983-5	1993	The rank order for substrate inhibition of [3H]5-HT uptake for both the previously reported rat vMAT1 and the human transporter clone followed the order 5-HT > dopamine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium > 2-phenylethylamine > histamine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	214-241	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
8121637-2	1993	Displacement of the [3H]pargyline binding on MAO-A (L(-)-deprenyl suppressed binding to MAO-B) by harman, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) revealed IC50 values of 250 +/- 100 nM, 3.1 +/- 0.8 microM, and 5.1 +/- 0.4 microM, respectively.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	106-133	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
8121637-2	1993	Displacement of the [3H]pargyline binding on MAO-A (L(-)-deprenyl suppressed binding to MAO-B) by harman, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) revealed IC50 values of 250 +/- 100 nM, 3.1 +/- 0.8 microM, and 5.1 +/- 0.4 microM, respectively.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	106-133	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
8416935-3	1993	Recent isolation of a cDNA for the rat chromaffin granule amine transporter (CGAT) by selection in the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium now permits an analysis of the interaction with reserpine at a molecular level.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	114-141	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	39-75
8276076-1	1993	Using a modified microdialysis procedure, we confirmed that intrastriatal administration of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) induced a sustained overflow of dopamine accompanied by increased formation of hydroxyl free radicals (.OH) as reflected by salicylate hydroxylation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-123	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	125-128
8410185-0	1993	Dopamine transporter expression confers cytotoxicity to low doses of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	106-133	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-20
8302294-0	1993	Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, a bioactivated metabolite of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	35-66	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-20
8302294-1	1993	The effect of the neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was investigated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	33-64	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-95
8302294-1	1993	The effect of the neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was investigated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	33-64	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	97-101
8310426-1	1993	MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), a dopaminergic neurotoxin that provides the best available experimental model of Parkinson"s disease, is selectively concentrated in dopamine neurons by the dopamine transporter (DAT).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-33	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	0-3
8310426-1	1993	MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), a dopaminergic neurotoxin that provides the best available experimental model of Parkinson"s disease, is selectively concentrated in dopamine neurons by the dopamine transporter (DAT).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-33	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	193-213
8310426-1	1993	MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), a dopaminergic neurotoxin that provides the best available experimental model of Parkinson"s disease, is selectively concentrated in dopamine neurons by the dopamine transporter (DAT).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-33	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	215-218
8416935-3	1993	Recent isolation of a cDNA for the rat chromaffin granule amine transporter (CGAT) by selection in the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium now permits an analysis of the interaction with reserpine at a molecular level.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	114-141	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
8416935-6	1993	However, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and tetrabenazine, the other principal inhibitor of vesicular amine transport, compete very poorly with reserpine for binding, suggesting that they interact with CGAT at distinct sites.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	9-36	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	199-203
1362921-0	1992	Protection from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity and stimulation of regrowth of MPP(+)-damaged dopaminergic fibers by treatment of mesencephalic cultures with EGF and basic FGF.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	16-43	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	184-187
2022343-0	1991	Theoretical studies on mechanism of MPTP action: ET interference by MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) with mitochondrial respiration vs. oxidative stress.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	74-101	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	68-71
1642464-1	1992	Expression of a cloned dopamine transporter complementary DNA in COS cells allows these primate kidney cells to accumulate the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin metabolite MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) avidly, and MPP+ toxicity results.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	177-204	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	23-43
1613515-0	1992	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects dopamine neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion toxicity: involvement of the glutathione system.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	90-121	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	0-33
1613515-2	1992	We now extend this study by demonstrating that, in addition to the effect of sustaining survival of dopaminergic neurons, BDNF also confers protection against the neurotoxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	216-243	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	122-126
1610807-0	1992	Interaction of flexible analogs of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium with highly purified monoamine oxidase A and B.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	87-114	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	136-161
1729421-1	1992	Incubation of 10 mM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) with sonicated beef heart mitochondria caused an irreversible time-dependent decrease in NADH-ubiquinone-1 (CoQ1) reductase activity (52% inhibition after 1 h).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	20-47	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
1543708-0	1992	Enhancement of the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in mitochondria by tetraphenylboron.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	29-60	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	62-65
1543708-1	1992	The uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by intact mitochondria was measured by an electrode sensitive to MPP+.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	14-41	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	43-46
1543708-1	1992	The uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by intact mitochondria was measured by an electrode sensitive to MPP+.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	14-41	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	114-117
1727440-0	1992	21-aminosteroids interact with the dopamine transporter to protect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-102	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	35-55
1815982-5	1991	Major steps in the expression of neurotoxicity involve the conversion of MPTP to the toxic agent 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) by type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) in the glia, specific uptake of MPP+ into the nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurones, the intraneuronal accumulation of MPP+, and the neurotoxic action of MPP+.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	97-128	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	165-170
1851529-0	1991	Increased proenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat neostriatum following lesion of the ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine pathway with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): reversal by embryonic nigral dopamine grafts.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	131-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
1851529-1	1991	In situ hybridization studies were performed to study the changes in proenkephalin mRNA levels in the neostriatum of rats with long-term (18 months) unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and in animals bearing embryonic DA grafts implanted into the DA depleted striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	222-249	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
1677029-3	1991	Neurotrophic activity also was observed in embryonic mesencephalic cultures, where EGF enhanced DA uptake after a lesion with the neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	161-188	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	83-86
1677030-0	1991	Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression by dopaminergic neurons in culture: effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	83-110	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
2022343-1	1991	This report demonstrates that ease of electron uptake by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), apparently the active agent derived from MPTP, is influenced by conformation of the phenyl ring.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-84	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	86-89
34748128-3	2022	MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium)-treated SH-SY5Y cells was used as an in vitro cellular PD model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-33	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	0-3
2253761-3	1990	The initial biochemical event is a two-step oxidation by monoamine oxidase B in glial cells to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	101-128	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	57-76
33815098-5	2021	In this study, we investigated the effect of FLZ and the role of Drp1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced mitochondrial fission in neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-100	dynamin 1-like	Mus musculus	65-69
17038483-6	2007	In cell culture, NDI1 overexpression abolished the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, the active metabolite of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	63-90	NADH-ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating) NDI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-21
2244915-1	1990	It is well established that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), the neurotoxic bioactivation product of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and most of its analogs are good competitive inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, with Ki values in the micromolar range, but they inhibit monoamine oxidase B only at much higher concentrations.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	28-55	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	214-233
2244915-1	1990	It is well established that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), the neurotoxic bioactivation product of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and most of its analogs are good competitive inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, with Ki values in the micromolar range, but they inhibit monoamine oxidase B only at much higher concentrations.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	28-55	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	292-311
2244915-1	1990	It is well established that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), the neurotoxic bioactivation product of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and most of its analogs are good competitive inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, with Ki values in the micromolar range, but they inhibit monoamine oxidase B only at much higher concentrations.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-60	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	214-233
2244915-1	1990	It is well established that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), the neurotoxic bioactivation product of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and most of its analogs are good competitive inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, with Ki values in the micromolar range, but they inhibit monoamine oxidase B only at much higher concentrations.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-60	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	292-311
2398363-8	1990	Study suggests that resistance of fetal DA neurons to the DA-depleting effect of MPTP may be due, at least in part, to an absence in the embryonal brain of adequately developed MAO-B activity required for the conversion of MPTP to its toxic metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	253-280	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	177-182
1976416-7	1990	Protecting the dopaminergic neurons from the neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), either by blocking its formation or by preventing its uptake into dopaminergic neurons, completely blocked the increase in GFAP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	235-239
34418603-3	2021	In this work, we demonstrate the protective effect of IGF-II against the damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in neuronal dopaminergic cell cultures and a mouse model of progressive PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	91-118	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	54-60
34678438-6	2022	We also found that Fer was a potent alpha-synuclein inhibitor in neuronal cells, which promotes the clearance of alphasynuclein in dopaminergic neurons exposed to 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	163-190	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	36-51
34774844-2	2021	The present work elucidates the role of evolutionarily conserved cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus sequences (CRAC and CARC) in the allosteric binding to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably or transiently expressing OCT2.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	177-204	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	281-285
34776632-8	2021	In order to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of BCA, human SH-SY5Y cells were treated with MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) to induce PD associated cell death and cytotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	113-140	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	107-110
34494994-4	2021	The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of p53 dependent dopaminergic cell death and implication of Annexin A2 in cellular apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	151-178	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
34494994-4	2021	The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of p53 dependent dopaminergic cell death and implication of Annexin A2 in cellular apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	151-178	annexin A2	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
34736896-8	2021	It is also feasible that such structural changes improve synaptic vesicle sequestration of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a toxic metabolite of MPTP, which would explain why dopaminergic neurons expressing beta-synuclein and lacking alpha-synuclein and/or gamma-synuclein are resistant to this neurotoxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	91-118	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	127-128
34736896-8	2021	It is also feasible that such structural changes improve synaptic vesicle sequestration of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a toxic metabolite of MPTP, which would explain why dopaminergic neurons expressing beta-synuclein and lacking alpha-synuclein and/or gamma-synuclein are resistant to this neurotoxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	91-118	synuclein, beta	Mus musculus	211-225
34736896-8	2021	It is also feasible that such structural changes improve synaptic vesicle sequestration of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a toxic metabolite of MPTP, which would explain why dopaminergic neurons expressing beta-synuclein and lacking alpha-synuclein and/or gamma-synuclein are resistant to this neurotoxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	91-118	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	238-253
34736896-8	2021	It is also feasible that such structural changes improve synaptic vesicle sequestration of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a toxic metabolite of MPTP, which would explain why dopaminergic neurons expressing beta-synuclein and lacking alpha-synuclein and/or gamma-synuclein are resistant to this neurotoxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	91-118	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	261-276
34773593-4	2021	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +)-induced SK-N-SH cells were used to conduct expression and function analyses.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	29-32
34459097-5	2021	MiR-497-5p was significantly upregulated in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ )-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	44-71	microRNA 497	Homo sapiens	0-7
34642296-6	2021	In neuronal Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells, all seven SIRTs were substrates for autophagy and showed an accelerated autophagy-dependent degradation upon 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) mediated oxidative insults in vitro, whereas the proteasome did not contribute to the removal of oxidized SIRTs.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	162-189	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	191-194
34352280-3	2021	In this study, we attempted to determine the neuroprotective effects of methylene blue (MB) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity, and to elucidate its action mechanism.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	100-127	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	129-132
33318417-8	2021	Our results show that H2S could prevent nerve injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, promote the growth of neurospheres, and promote neurogenesis by regulating Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta/beta-catenin pathways in adult neural stem cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-89	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	166-169
34543233-7	2021	Knockout of miR-29b2/c inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated primary cultures of mixed glia, primary astrocytes, or LPS-treated primary microglia.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-102	microRNA 29b-2	Mus musculus	12-20
34475813-5	2021	The functions of Panx 1 in inflammatory cytokines expression and the viability of neuronal SH-SY5Y cells were examined in cultured cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	179-206	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	17-23
34545064-7	2021	Further in vitro studies showed that autophagy was inhibited in N2A cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), as reflected by a significant decrease in the expressions of autophagy marker proteins (Beclin1 and LC3II) and an increase in the expression of autophagic flux marker p62.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	87-114	beclin 1, autophagy related	Mus musculus	211-218
34545064-7	2021	Further in vitro studies showed that autophagy was inhibited in N2A cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), as reflected by a significant decrease in the expressions of autophagy marker proteins (Beclin1 and LC3II) and an increase in the expression of autophagic flux marker p62.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	87-114	nucleoporin 62	Mus musculus	290-293
33318417-8	2021	Our results show that H2S could prevent nerve injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, promote the growth of neurospheres, and promote neurogenesis by regulating Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta/beta-catenin pathways in adult neural stem cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-89	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	170-200
33318417-8	2021	Our results show that H2S could prevent nerve injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, promote the growth of neurospheres, and promote neurogenesis by regulating Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta/beta-catenin pathways in adult neural stem cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-89	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	201-213
35595779-4	2022	Here, we revealed that Nrf2/MeCP2 coordinately regulated BDNF transcription, reversing the decreased levels of BDNF expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
35594436-10	2022	Cytotoxicity to a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and western blotting of cleaved caspase-3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	30-57	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	195-204
35595779-4	2022	Here, we revealed that Nrf2/MeCP2 coordinately regulated BDNF transcription, reversing the decreased levels of BDNF expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	methyl-CpG binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
35595779-4	2022	Here, we revealed that Nrf2/MeCP2 coordinately regulated BDNF transcription, reversing the decreased levels of BDNF expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	57-61
35595779-4	2022	Here, we revealed that Nrf2/MeCP2 coordinately regulated BDNF transcription, reversing the decreased levels of BDNF expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	111-115
35279586-3	2022	1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine (MPP+) induced SK-N-SH cells were used to construct PD cell models in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-26	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	28-31
35257795-8	2022	INT-777 reversed the downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and accumulation of p62 in microglia treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	153-180	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	39-55
35257795-8	2022	INT-777 reversed the downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and accumulation of p62 in microglia treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	153-180	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	57-60
35257795-8	2022	INT-777 reversed the downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and accumulation of p62 in microglia treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	153-180	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1	Mus musculus	63-95
35257795-8	2022	INT-777 reversed the downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and accumulation of p62 in microglia treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	153-180	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1	Mus musculus	97-101
35257795-8	2022	INT-777 reversed the downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and accumulation of p62 in microglia treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	153-180	nucleoporin 62	Mus musculus	123-126
2557122-0	1989	Disappearance of the mu-opiate receptor patches in the rat neostriatum following lesioning of the ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine pathway with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): restoration by embryonic nigral dopamine grafts.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	146-177	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-39
35019826-7	2022	The current study aims to elucidate the effect of antioxidant resveratrol (Resv) on TRPM2-mediated oxidative stress (OS) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) exposure in the primary mouse hippocampal neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	132-159	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2	Mus musculus	84-89
35019826-7	2022	The current study aims to elucidate the effect of antioxidant resveratrol (Resv) on TRPM2-mediated oxidative stress (OS) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) exposure in the primary mouse hippocampal neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	161-164	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2	Mus musculus	84-89
35019826-10	2022	TRPM2 channel expression levels in the MPP group increased in hippocampal neurons after MPP exposure.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	39-42	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
35019826-10	2022	TRPM2 channel expression levels in the MPP group increased in hippocampal neurons after MPP exposure.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	88-91	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
35019826-12	2022	In addition, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, ROS, caspase-3, caspase-9, and apoptosis values induced by MPP decreased with resveratrol treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	111-114	caspase 3	Mus musculus	57-66
35019826-12	2022	In addition, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, ROS, caspase-3, caspase-9, and apoptosis values induced by MPP decreased with resveratrol treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	111-114	caspase 9	Mus musculus	68-77
35019826-13	2022	In conclusion, in our study, we observed that the dysregulation of OS-induced TRPM2 channel activation in hippocampal neurons exposed to MPP caused apoptotic cell death in neurons, while the use of resveratrol had a protective effect by reducing OS resources in the environment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	137-140	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2	Mus musculus	78-83
34967697-6	2022	In this study, we found that SNHG10 was upregulated while miR-1277-5p was downregulated in the Parkinson"s disease cell model of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine ion (MPP+) induced SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	129-155	small nucleolar RNA host gene 10	Homo sapiens	29-35
34967697-6	2022	In this study, we found that SNHG10 was upregulated while miR-1277-5p was downregulated in the Parkinson"s disease cell model of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine ion (MPP+) induced SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	129-155	microRNA 1277	Homo sapiens	58-66
34967706-0	2022	Long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript promotes 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress in Parkinson"s disease through regulating microRNA-221-3p/ transforming growth factor /nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 axis.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-104	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	243-277
35049152-0	2022	Long non-coding RNA Opa interacting protein 5-antisense RNA 1 promotes mitochondrial autophagy and protects SH-SY5Y cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-induced damage by binding to microRNA-137 and upregulating NIX.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	127-152	BCL2 interacting protein 3 like	Homo sapiens	212-215
35049152-2	2022	Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) OIP5-AS1 alleviates the accumulation and toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+ )/-induced alpha-synuclein in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which may be involved in the pathological process of PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	81-106	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	124-139
35113438-3	2022	Our study sought to explore the neuroprotective effect of Gal-1 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine ion (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-93	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
2788714-1	1989	The in vitro development of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and [3H]dopamine (DA) uptake capacity of dissociated cell cultures from rat embryo mesencephalon were correlated with the potency of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	250-275	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	28-45
2543694-2	1989	MPTP is metabolized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), which is a primary neurotoxin, by monoamine oxidase B.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	23-48	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	91-110
2787543-5	1989	We also report that both 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a neurotoxin known to induce in man Parkinson-like syndromes, and one of its metabolites 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium failed to decrease glutathione-S-transferase activity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	160-187	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	207-232
2753987-2	1989	MPTP is first metabolized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), a primary neurotoxin, by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and then taken up into dopaminergic neurons through the dopamine reuptake system.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	29-54	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	88-107
2753987-2	1989	MPTP is first metabolized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), a primary neurotoxin, by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and then taken up into dopaminergic neurons through the dopamine reuptake system.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	29-54	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	109-114
3128644-2	1988	MPTP is oxidized by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) to the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), which is taken up in dopaminergic neurons through the dopamine (DA) uptake system, where it develops its toxic effect.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-86	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	20-39
3132652-0	1988	Accumulation of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in human melanoma cell line, HMV-I and -II.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	16-43	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	49-52
3132652-1	1988	N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) was found to be accumulated in human melanoma cell lines, HMV-I and -II, which originate from human melanoma and differentiate into subclones, HMV-I and -II.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	33-36
3258785-0	1988	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) increases oxidation of cytochrome-b in rat striatal slices.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	cytochrome b, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	58-70
3258013-1	1988	Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) has been determined to be the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	177-202	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	0-19
2785159-1	1989	The enzymatic conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion by monoamine oxidase-B is an essential step mediating the dopaminergic neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	111-130
2785159-2	1989	Since monoamine oxidase-B is located primarily in serotonergic neurons and astrocytes, the production of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion is thought to be extra-dopaminergic.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	105-136	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	6-25
3265769-0	1988	Reduction of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity in clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cells by culture in the presence of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	127-158	dopa decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	13-48
3265769-1	1988	Rat clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cells were cultured in the presence of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) was reduced after 3 and 6 days of culture.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-104	dopa decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	141-167
3265769-1	1988	Rat clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cells were cultured in the presence of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) was reduced after 3 and 6 days of culture.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-104	dopa decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
2899310-0	1988	Effect of the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion on phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat pheochromocytoma PC12h cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	14-45	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	68-88
3258013-1	1988	Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) has been determined to be the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	177-202	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	21-26
3128644-2	1988	MPTP is oxidized by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) to the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), which is taken up in dopaminergic neurons through the dopamine (DA) uptake system, where it develops its toxic effect.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-86	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	41-46
3121966-2	1987	These cells which contain only type A monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) oxidize MPTP into N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	82-113	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
2884568-2	1987	MPTP is metabolized by monoamine oxidase Type B to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), which is selectively accumulated by high-affinity uptake mechanisms into dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-76	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	23-47
3498133-1	1987	Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is the key enzyme in the conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) to N-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) which causes degeneration of dopaminergic nigral neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-149	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	0-19
3498133-1	1987	Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is the key enzyme in the conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) to N-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) which causes degeneration of dopaminergic nigral neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-149	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	21-26
3496045-1	1987	MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is converted by monoamine oxidase B to its putative toxic metabolite MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) via MPDP+ (1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium ion).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	127-154	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	68-87
3103619-0	1987	Inhibition of mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	71-98	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6	Rattus norvegicus	28-58
3494449-0	1987	Inhibition of mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide)	Mus musculus	28-61
3103619-1	1987	Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on the activity of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase was studied using mitochondria prepared from rat brains.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	10-41	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6	Rattus norvegicus	68-98
3494215-1	1987	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is now confirmed to be one of the oxidative products of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) by type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) and is considered to cause a parkinsonism-like syndrome.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-25	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	170-175
3492651-1	1987	Expression of the selective nigrostriatal neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [MPTP] requires its bioactivation by MAO B which leads to the formation of potentially reactive metabolites including the 2-electron oxidation product, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species [MPDP+] and the 4-electron oxidation product, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium species [MPP+].	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	354-382	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	141-146
3487053-0	1986	Inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase by some analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	112-139	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	24-41
2897647-0	1988	Inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat striatum by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	56-83	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	16-36
2897647-1	1988	We report that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), the active metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), inactivated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) when MPP+ was directly infused into the striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	15-46	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	145-165
2897647-1	1988	We report that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), the active metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), inactivated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) when MPP+ was directly infused into the striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	15-46	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	167-169
3123604-3	1987	MPTP is oxidised to its neurotoxic metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	47-74	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	85-104
3123604-3	1987	MPTP is oxidised to its neurotoxic metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	47-74	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
3487052-2	1986	Conversion of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) appears necessary for this neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	22-47	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	58-77
3489461-3	1986	Both MAO A and B catalyse the oxidation of MPTP to the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species (MPDP+), which undergoes further oxidation to the fully aromatic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	168-195	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	5-10
3487052-2	1986	Conversion of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) appears necessary for this neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	22-47	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
3484542-3	1986	MPTP is oxidized in the brain to a pyridinium species, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)6.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-80	protein associated with LIN7 2, MAGUK p55 family member	Homo sapiens	82-88
3084895-3	1986	This observation adds further support to the concept that the oxidation of MPTP by MAO-B to its corresponding pyridinium analog, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), is an important feature of the neurotoxic process.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	129-156	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	83-88
3008728-0	1986	Formation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): reductive activation by NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-82	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	115-147
3556086-2	1987	The offending agent, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), has to be converted by monoamine oxidase B perhaps in glia, into the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	155-182	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	97-116
3932598-1	1985	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) is the product of the metabolic oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) by monoamine oxidase (MAO).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-31	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	139-156
3097254-2	1986	Monoamine oxidase (MAO) B converts MPTP to an actual neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) whilst prior administration of an MAO B inhibitor, (-)deprenyl, prevents the conversion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	0-25
3932598-1	1985	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) is the product of the metabolic oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) by monoamine oxidase (MAO).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-31	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
3877888-0	1985	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced inhibition of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide cytochrome c reductase.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-28	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	87-99
3877535-3	1985	Phenylethylamine, a naturally-occurring specific substrate of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B, probably protects against effects of MPTP by competitively inhibiting the oxidative conversion of MPTP to its toxic metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion catalysed by MAO-B.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	221-248	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	62-92
3875815-2	1985	In the central nervous system, the oxidative metabolism of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) seems to be a critical feature in the neurotoxic process.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-95	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	106-130
3935467-3	1985	These data lend further support to the concept that the oxidation of MPTP by MAO-B to its corresponding pyridinium analog, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) is an important feature of the neurotoxic process.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	123-151	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	77-82
3875815-2	1985	In the central nervous system, the oxidative metabolism of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) seems to be a critical feature in the neurotoxic process.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-95	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	132-137
33994363-0	2021	Metabolic Response to the Mitochondrial Toxin 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in LDH-A/B Double-knockout LS174T Colon Cancer Cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	46-73	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	84-91
3929190-3	1985	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), the metabolic product of MPTP by MAO, also inhibited DOPA formation in rat striatal tissue slices.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
3872460-2	1985	N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), a metabolite of MPTP formed by monoamine oxidase B, is accumulated into striatal and cerebral cortical synaptosomes by the dopamine and norepinephrine uptake systems, respectively, whereas MPTP itself is not accumulated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-25	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	65-84
6332989-5	1984	Moreover, in rat brain preparations, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline and the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil can prevent the formation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine from MPTP, while the specific MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline has no such effect, suggesting that MAO, and specifically MAO-B, is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	156-182	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	41-58
6332989-5	1984	Moreover, in rat brain preparations, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline and the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil can prevent the formation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine from MPTP, while the specific MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline has no such effect, suggesting that MAO, and specifically MAO-B, is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	156-182	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
6332989-5	1984	Moreover, in rat brain preparations, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline and the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil can prevent the formation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine from MPTP, while the specific MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline has no such effect, suggesting that MAO, and specifically MAO-B, is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	156-182	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
6332989-5	1984	Moreover, in rat brain preparations, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline and the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil can prevent the formation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine from MPTP, while the specific MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline has no such effect, suggesting that MAO, and specifically MAO-B, is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	156-182	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	213-218
6332989-5	1984	Moreover, in rat brain preparations, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline and the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil can prevent the formation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine from MPTP, while the specific MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline has no such effect, suggesting that MAO, and specifically MAO-B, is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	156-182	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
6332989-5	1984	Moreover, in rat brain preparations, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline and the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil can prevent the formation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine from MPTP, while the specific MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline has no such effect, suggesting that MAO, and specifically MAO-B, is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of MPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	156-182	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	298-303
33737050-0	2021	p53-mediated ferroptosis is required for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced senescence of PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	41-68	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
33496570-2	2021	The discovery that the synthetic chemical, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-derived N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), recapitulates major pathophysiological characteristics of PD in humans and other mammals has provided the strongest support for this possibility; however, several key aspects of the mechanism remain unclear.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	103-130	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	132-135
33978902-2	2021	Parkinson"s disease (PD) is characterized by the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, and has previously been modelled in-vitro through the specific neurotoxic activity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	221-248	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	250-253
33956370-0	2021	p70S6K on astrocytes protects dopamine neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	52-79	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	0-6
33882234-5	2021	Western blotting and immunofluorescent labeling revealed that miR-30a-5p suppressed the expression and function of GLT-1 in MPTP-treated mice and specifically in astrocytes treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) (cell model of PD).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	186-213	microRNA 30a	Mus musculus	62-69
33882234-5	2021	Western blotting and immunofluorescent labeling revealed that miR-30a-5p suppressed the expression and function of GLT-1 in MPTP-treated mice and specifically in astrocytes treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) (cell model of PD).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	186-213	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	115-120
33935952-5	2021	Our previous data indicated that demethylation in the Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) promoter by the TET2 directly activated its expression, then promoted the cell cycle arrest and cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	218-246	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	54-90
33967680-6	2021	In this study, the expression levels of the components of RYR channels decreased in the quadriceps femoris muscle of MPTP-induced PD mice and in C2C12 cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	170-197	ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal muscle	Mus musculus	58-61
33886117-3	2021	OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to explore the role and mechanism of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00943 (LINC00943) in the N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)-inducted PD model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	127-152	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 943	Homo sapiens	109-118
33935952-5	2021	Our previous data indicated that demethylation in the Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) promoter by the TET2 directly activated its expression, then promoted the cell cycle arrest and cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	218-246	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	92-98
33208053-3	2021	This research aims to analyze the function and mechanism of LINC00943 in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-caused neuronal injury.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-100	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 943	Homo sapiens	60-69
33538833-6	2021	Here we show that deletion of cat-1/VMAT increases sensitivity to the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as measured by enhanced degeneration of dopamine neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	84-111	MFS domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	30-35
32333925-4	2021	In this study, we found that AST treatment significantly not only abolished the cell viability inhibition and apoptosis promotion induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in SH-SY5Y cells via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but also reversed the MPP + caused dysregulation of miR-7 and SNCA expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	141-168	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	170-173
32275913-1	2021	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) is widely used to induce a cellular model of Parkinson"s disease (PD) in dopaminergic cell lines.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-31	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	33-36
33118665-0	2021	Protective effects of irigenin against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity through regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	39-66	kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	112-117
31050314-10	2021	Finally, we showed that iron and 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) co-treatment significantly increased superoxide production in microglial cultures by inducing p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	33-60	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	162-165
33118665-0	2021	Protective effects of irigenin against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity through regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	39-66	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	118-122
32611232-1	2021	This research aims to explore the function of DOR in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced Parkinson"s disease model cell SH-SY5Y.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	53-80	tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2	Homo sapiens	46-49
33634378-5	2021	Our present study showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) decreased cell viability, GPX4, and Trx-1, which were reversed by Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in PC 12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	30-57	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	59-62
33634378-5	2021	Our present study showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) decreased cell viability, GPX4, and Trx-1, which were reversed by Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in PC 12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	30-57	glutathione peroxidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
33634378-5	2021	Our present study showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) decreased cell viability, GPX4, and Trx-1, which were reversed by Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in PC 12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	30-57	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	101-106
33416093-3	2021	The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of AR protein against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cell death and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD in a mouse model using the cell permeable Tat-AR fusion protein.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	99-126	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	80-82
33421490-3	2021	In our research, the expression of lncRNA SRY-box transcription factor 21 antisense divergent transcript 1 (SOX21-AS1) was up-regulated in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MMP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	139-166	SRY-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	42-73
33421490-3	2021	In our research, the expression of lncRNA SRY-box transcription factor 21 antisense divergent transcript 1 (SOX21-AS1) was up-regulated in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MMP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	139-166	SRY-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	108-113
33421490-3	2021	In our research, the expression of lncRNA SRY-box transcription factor 21 antisense divergent transcript 1 (SOX21-AS1) was up-regulated in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MMP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	139-166	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	114-117
32611232-1	2021	This research aims to explore the function of DOR in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced Parkinson"s disease model cell SH-SY5Y.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	53-80	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	82-85
33215437-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-133b on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced apoptosis in the Parkinson"s disease (PD) model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	99-130	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	62-95
33262224-3	2021	In order to address if IC50 values of MATE1 inhibitors with regard to their extracellular concentrations are affected by the direction of MATE1-mediated transport, we established an efflux assay of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and metformin using the HEK293 model transiently expressing human MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	198-225	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
33262224-3	2021	In order to address if IC50 values of MATE1 inhibitors with regard to their extracellular concentrations are affected by the direction of MATE1-mediated transport, we established an efflux assay of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and metformin using the HEK293 model transiently expressing human MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	198-225	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
33262224-3	2021	In order to address if IC50 values of MATE1 inhibitors with regard to their extracellular concentrations are affected by the direction of MATE1-mediated transport, we established an efflux assay of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and metformin using the HEK293 model transiently expressing human MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	198-225	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
33408606-6	2020	In a cellular model of PD, HS significantly attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis of DAergic-like neurons differentiated from SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing the expression of Bcl-2, suppressing the expression of cleaved Caspase 3 and preventing depolarization of mitochondrial membrane.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-82	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	197-202
33260513-6	2020	In this study, the neuroprotective potential of teaghrelin against PD was explored in a cell model in which human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	184-211	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	213-216
32961227-6	2020	The purpose of the present research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which TRPV4 regulates ER stress induced by the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-161	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
33472166-4	2021	In SH-SY5Y cell line, overexpression of CHIP improved the cell viability and increased the ATP levels upon treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	122-149	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	151-154
33035625-6	2021	Silencing GPER abrogated the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS in primary astrocytes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	59-86	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
33035625-6	2021	Silencing GPER abrogated the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS in primary astrocytes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	59-86	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
33035625-6	2021	Silencing GPER abrogated the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS in primary astrocytes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	59-86	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
33035625-6	2021	Silencing GPER abrogated the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS in primary astrocytes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	59-86	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
33457479-1	2021	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells have been generally accepted as a cellular model for Parkinson"s disease.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	29-32
33414358-1	2020	MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium)-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell apoptosis is associated with sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-33	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	0-3
33414358-1	2020	MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium)-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell apoptosis is associated with sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-33	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	99-119
33414358-1	2020	MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium)-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell apoptosis is associated with sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-33	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
32808542-3	2020	A PD model was constructed using SH-SY5Y cells induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in vitro and mice treated by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in vivo.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	58-85	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	87-90
33204711-0	2020	Mir-141-3p Regulates Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential via Targeting Sirtuin1 in a 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium in vitro Model of Parkinson"s Disease.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	96-123	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-90
33204711-2	2020	The present study investigated miR-141-3p/sirtuin1 (SIRT1) activity in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- (MPP+-) induced PC12-cell model of PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-100	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
32577946-2	2020	However, the roles of H2S in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells with the involvement of reactive oxygen species-nitric oxide (ROS-NO) signaling pathway in PD remain unclear.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	29-60	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	62-65
33122030-5	2021	Additionally, knockdown of Sig 1R in SH-SY5Y DA cells inhibited mitophagy and enhanced 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) neurotoxicity, whereas application of the Sig 1R selective agonist SKF10047 promoted clearance of damaged mitochondria.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	87-114	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
33053856-4	2020	In this study, we investigated the role of GPR4 in the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated apoptotic cell death of stably GPR4-overexpressing and stably GPR4-knockout human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-82	G protein-coupled receptor 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
32961667-3	2020	We determined Km-values (73 +- 7, 36 +- 13, and 57 +- 5 microM) of human, mouse and rat OCT1 for the commonly used substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) and IC50-values of decynium22 (12.1 +- 0.8, 5.3 +- 0.4, and 10.5 +- 0.4 microM).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	125-152	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
32961667-3	2020	We determined Km-values (73 +- 7, 36 +- 13, and 57 +- 5 microM) of human, mouse and rat OCT1 for the commonly used substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) and IC50-values of decynium22 (12.1 +- 0.8, 5.3 +- 0.4, and 10.5 +- 0.4 microM).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	154-157	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
32485229-7	2020	Moreover, neuroprotective effect against dopaminergic cell loss was demonstrated upon the inhibition of Serping1 expression by siRNA in the MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium)- treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	146-173	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	104-112
32215836-4	2020	In the present study, it was aimed to investigate ameliorative effects of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBNs) against toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in experimental PD model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	139-166	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	168-171
32713934-4	2020	MATERIAL AND METHODS The optimal concentration of MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) was initially determined to construct a PD cell model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	56-83	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	50-53
32442477-8	2020	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SK-N-SH cells were used as an in vitro model of PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	33-36
32706197-4	2020	Also, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, while isorhapontigenin inhibited the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated- mammalian target of rapamycin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-31	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
32706197-4	2020	Also, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, while isorhapontigenin inhibited the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated- mammalian target of rapamycin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-31	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	123-152
32706197-4	2020	Also, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, while isorhapontigenin inhibited the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated- mammalian target of rapamycin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-31	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	220-223
32706197-4	2020	Also, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, while isorhapontigenin inhibited the expression of phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-PI3K, and phosphorylated- mammalian target of rapamycin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	6-31	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	266-295
32706197-6	2020	Our results support the finding that isorhamnetin enhanced the antioxidant effect induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine in PC12 cells by suppressing the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	93-118	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
31911115-6	2020	In both culture and animal models, adaptaquin suppressed elevation of ATF4 and/or CHOP and induction of Trib3 in response to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and/or 6-hydroxydopamine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	125-152	tribbles pseudokinase 3	Mus musculus	104-109
32151238-2	2020	The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of miR-199a involved in regulating autophagy in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)-induced in vitro model of PD.Methods: PC12 cells were incubated in MPP+, and the expression levels of miR-199a were bidirectionally regulated via either transfection of an miR-199a mimic or incubation in miR-199a inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	110-135	microRNA 199a-2	Rattus norvegicus	63-71
32231079-4	2020	BBB transport of the prototypical substrate [3H]-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([3H]-MPP+) was measured by in situ brain perfusion in six mouse strains and in Sprague Dawley rats, in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells seeded on inserts, in the presence or absence of OCTs and a MATE1 (SLC49A1) inhibitor.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	293-298
32265684-10	2020	Inhibition of RelA exert neuroprotection against (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) MPTP and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity, suggesting that this factor decreases neuronal resilience.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	105-132	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	14-18
31482520-2	2020	We found that co-treatment with 100 micromol/L FeSO4 and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) significantly increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increased the caspase-3 activation compared to MPP+ treatment alone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	63-90	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	243-252
31442326-6	2020	Our previous studies found thatapo-Lf and holo-Lf exert neuroprotective effects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity in ventral mesencephalon neurons in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	88-115	lactotransferrin	Mus musculus	35-37
31442326-6	2020	Our previous studies found thatapo-Lf and holo-Lf exert neuroprotective effects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity in ventral mesencephalon neurons in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	88-115	lactotransferrin	Mus musculus	47-49
31649850-5	2019	Meanwhile, via 786-O-OCT2-miRNAs stable expression cell models, we found that miRNAs could repress the classic substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), fluorogenic substrate N,N-dimethyl-4-(2-pyridin-4-ylethenyl) aniline (ASP+), and oxaliplatin uptake by OCT2 both in vitro and in xenografts.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-148	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
31624079-0	2020	Plasma membrane cholesterol regulates the allosteric binding of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-91	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	102-130
31624079-0	2020	Plasma membrane cholesterol regulates the allosteric binding of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-91	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
31624079-0	2020	Plasma membrane cholesterol regulates the allosteric binding of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-91	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	138-145
31624079-6	2020	Transport activity of OCT2 was measured using [3H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	46-77	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
31781339-5	2019	In SH-SY5Y-differentiated DAergic neurons under 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment, NC001-8 remarkably reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cleaved caspase 3; upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1); and promoted neuronal viability.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	48-75	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	94-101
31634150-3	2019	We recently reported that altering PGC-1alpha gene expression modulates mitochondrial functions in N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) treated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, possibly via the regulation of Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	99-126	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	35-45
31649850-5	2019	Meanwhile, via 786-O-OCT2-miRNAs stable expression cell models, we found that miRNAs could repress the classic substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), fluorogenic substrate N,N-dimethyl-4-(2-pyridin-4-ylethenyl) aniline (ASP+), and oxaliplatin uptake by OCT2 both in vitro and in xenografts.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-148	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	260-264
30302821-0	2019	Upregulated lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 promotes 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production through miR-15b-5p/GSK3beta axis in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-87	small nucleolar RNA host gene 1	Homo sapiens	19-50
31069623-8	2019	FTY720 directly inhibited MPTP-induced microglial activation in the SNpc, suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in BV-2 microglial cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), and subsequently decreased apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	203-230	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	103-121
31069623-8	2019	FTY720 directly inhibited MPTP-induced microglial activation in the SNpc, suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in BV-2 microglial cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), and subsequently decreased apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	203-230	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	137-164
31452956-4	2019	Here, we report that in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced culture models of PD, the buffering of cytosolic Ca2+ by calbindin-D28 overexpression or treatment with a chemical Ca2+ chelator reversed impaired autophagic flux, protecting cells against MPP+-mediated neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	24-51	calbindin 1	Homo sapiens	124-137
30912145-0	2019	Activation of alpha7-nAChRs protects SH-SY5Y cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptotic cell death via ERK/p53 signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	56-83	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
30912145-0	2019	Activation of alpha7-nAChRs protects SH-SY5Y cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptotic cell death via ERK/p53 signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	56-83	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	121-124
30734931-5	2019	We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1-deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and that over-expression of FKBP5 using an adeno-associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine-cultured cortical neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-191	PTEN induced putative kinase 1	Mus musculus	65-70
30734931-5	2019	We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1-deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and that over-expression of FKBP5 using an adeno-associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine-cultured cortical neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-191	PTEN induced putative kinase 1	Mus musculus	91-96
30734931-5	2019	We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1-deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and that over-expression of FKBP5 using an adeno-associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine-cultured cortical neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-191	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	107-110
30734931-5	2019	We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1-deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and that over-expression of FKBP5 using an adeno-associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine-cultured cortical neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-191	FK506 binding protein 5	Mus musculus	228-233
30734931-5	2019	We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1-deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and that over-expression of FKBP5 using an adeno-associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine-cultured cortical neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-191	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	303-306
30796974-5	2019	Treatment of cells with Parkinsonian mimetic, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+); oxidants, such as H2O2 and methylglyoxal (MGO) lead to a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of DJ-1 with a concomitant increase in CML-syn.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	46-77	Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7	Mus musculus	184-188
30905782-3	2019	We investigate the effect of Apelin-36 on the activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) autophagy pathway in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which is involved in the cytoprotective effect of Apelin-36.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	177-204	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	56-85
30905782-3	2019	We investigate the effect of Apelin-36 on the activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) autophagy pathway in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which is involved in the cytoprotective effect of Apelin-36.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	177-204	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	119-148
31228597-4	2019	Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to mimic PD model in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	55-82	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	84-87
31113867-3	2019	We have demonstrated previously that mitochondrially targeted human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), supported by mitochondrial adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase, can efficiently catalyze the conversion of MPTP to the toxic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	225-252	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	68-87
31113867-3	2019	We have demonstrated previously that mitochondrially targeted human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), supported by mitochondrial adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase, can efficiently catalyze the conversion of MPTP to the toxic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	225-252	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	89-95
31113867-3	2019	We have demonstrated previously that mitochondrially targeted human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), supported by mitochondrial adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase, can efficiently catalyze the conversion of MPTP to the toxic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	225-252	ferredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	111-136
31113867-3	2019	We have demonstrated previously that mitochondrially targeted human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), supported by mitochondrial adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase, can efficiently catalyze the conversion of MPTP to the toxic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	225-252	ferredoxin reductase	Homo sapiens	141-162
30302821-0	2019	Upregulated lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 promotes 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production through miR-15b-5p/GSK3beta axis in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-87	microRNA 15b	Homo sapiens	160-167
30302821-0	2019	Upregulated lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 promotes 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production through miR-15b-5p/GSK3beta axis in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-87	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	171-179
30302821-3	2019	In this study, we found that SNHG1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) were upregulated, but miR-15b-5p was downregulated in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+ )-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	136-163	microRNA 15b	Homo sapiens	104-111
30409791-0	2019	Rat Organic Cation Transporter 1 Contains Three Binding Sites for Substrate 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium per Monomer.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-32
30521940-3	2019	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RTN1-C in an in vitro model of Parkinson"s disease (PD) mimicked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment in SN4741 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-148	reticulon 1	Mus musculus	53-57
30409791-4	2019	Here we measured the binding and transport of model substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium+ (MPP+) by cell-free-expressed fusion proteins of rOCT1 and rOCT1 mutants with green fluorescent protein that had been reconstituted into nanodiscs or proteoliposomes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-90	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
30409791-4	2019	Here we measured the binding and transport of model substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium+ (MPP+) by cell-free-expressed fusion proteins of rOCT1 and rOCT1 mutants with green fluorescent protein that had been reconstituted into nanodiscs or proteoliposomes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-90	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
30352250-3	2019	In this study, we determined whether Tat-ATOX1 could protect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cell death and in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced animal model of PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	69-100	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	37-40
29679389-0	2019	Down-regulation of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (Nramp1) is associated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ )-induced alpha-synuclein accumulation and neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	150-177	solute carrier family 11 member 1	Homo sapiens	19-69
29679389-0	2019	Down-regulation of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (Nramp1) is associated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ )-induced alpha-synuclein accumulation and neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	150-177	solute carrier family 11 member 1	Homo sapiens	71-77
29679389-0	2019	Down-regulation of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (Nramp1) is associated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ )-induced alpha-synuclein accumulation and neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	150-177	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	194-209
29786072-7	2019	Consistently, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the presence of ATP or nigericin treatment in mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	14-42	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	58-63
30342268-0	2019	Exogenous Tetranectin Protects Against 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Autophagy Through Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase Beta-1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	39-64	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	10-21
30342268-0	2019	Exogenous Tetranectin Protects Against 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Autophagy Through Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase Beta-1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	39-64	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	133-167
30342268-4	2019	METHODS: We used exogenous tetranectin to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of secreted tetranectin in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cell model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	120-145	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	103-114
30352250-3	2019	In this study, we determined whether Tat-ATOX1 could protect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cell death and in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced animal model of PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	69-100	antioxidant 1 copper chaperone	Homo sapiens	41-46
29936883-0	2019	Morphine reverses the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in PC12 cells through activating PI3K/Akt.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	33-60	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
29936883-9	2019	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridi-nium (MPP+) reduced the cell viability and TH expression, which were reversed by morphine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-28	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	67-69
29575151-5	2018	Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was pretreated with 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	58-85	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	87-90
30405418-7	2018	After transfected with the plasmid pDJ-1, the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity was decreased, and the DJ-1 expression in protein level was increased.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	46-73	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
30405418-11	2018	Conclusively, these findings indicate that DBYW promotes the ameliorative effects of DJ-1 on mitochondrial dysfunction at least through augmenting the Akt phosphorylation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated PC-12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
30405418-11	2018	Conclusively, these findings indicate that DBYW promotes the ameliorative effects of DJ-1 on mitochondrial dysfunction at least through augmenting the Akt phosphorylation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated PC-12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
30025813-2	2018	In this study, we utilized SHSY5Y cells an in vitro PD model to study the biological function of microRNA-505 (miR-505) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	123-150	microRNA 505	Homo sapiens	97-109
30025813-2	2018	In this study, we utilized SHSY5Y cells an in vitro PD model to study the biological function of microRNA-505 (miR-505) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	123-150	microRNA 505	Homo sapiens	111-118
30244177-0	2018	Raf kinase inhibitor protein protects microglial cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neuroinflammation in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	63-90	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-28
30244177-2	2018	However, the role of RKIP in microglial cells stimulated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) has not been determined.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-89	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Mus musculus	21-25
30004136-4	2018	In our study, we first observed that the SP1 protein level and SP1 binding activity in the MAO B promoter were increased in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) neurotoxin-induced SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	124-151	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	91-96
30107296-8	2018	Notably, over-expression of miR-221 is protective against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cell death, while inhibition of endogenous miR-221 sensitizes cells to this toxin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	58-85	microRNA 221	Mus musculus	28-35
30224927-8	2018	Also, BSYZ inhibits NLRP3 activation and interleukin-1beta production of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) stimulated BV-2 microglia cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	77-105	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	41-58
29567426-4	2018	In the present study, we found that miR-494-3p expression was increased and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression was decreased in SH-SY5Y cells following 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	146-173	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	76-85
29315581-6	2018	We found that UCP4 was up-regulated upon 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells, which was enhanced by wild type DJ-1 and alleviated by DJ-1 knockdown.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	41-68	solute carrier family 25 member 27	Homo sapiens	14-18
29315581-6	2018	We found that UCP4 was up-regulated upon 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells, which was enhanced by wild type DJ-1 and alleviated by DJ-1 knockdown.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	41-68	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	139-143
29315581-6	2018	We found that UCP4 was up-regulated upon 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells, which was enhanced by wild type DJ-1 and alleviated by DJ-1 knockdown.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	41-68	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	162-166
30004846-5	2018	In primary mouse mesencephalic neurons and human neuroblastoma cell lines, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a toxic metabolite of MPTP, suppressed the expression of ADGRB1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-102	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1	Homo sapiens	168-174
29030221-4	2018	In this study, we found that miR-210-3p is involved in the regulation of BDNF production by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-119	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	73-77
29030221-4	2018	In this study, we found that miR-210-3p is involved in the regulation of BDNF production by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-119	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	121-124
29538099-6	2018	Therefore, this study focused on whether MCU was involved in the apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	86-113	mitochondrial calcium uniporter	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
29538099-6	2018	Therefore, this study focused on whether MCU was involved in the apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	120-123	mitochondrial calcium uniporter	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
29538099-10	2018	Notably, preincubated with Spermine, an MCU-specific agonist, or exogenously expressed MCU significantly alleviated cell apoptosis and decreased the reactive oxygen species production in PC12 cells that is induced by MPP treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	217-220	mitochondrial calcium uniporter	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
29538099-10	2018	Notably, preincubated with Spermine, an MCU-specific agonist, or exogenously expressed MCU significantly alleviated cell apoptosis and decreased the reactive oxygen species production in PC12 cells that is induced by MPP treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	217-220	mitochondrial calcium uniporter	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
29538099-12	2018	Thus, MCU is involved in the apoptosis in PC12 induced by MPP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	58-61	mitochondrial calcium uniporter	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
29709269-3	2018	Na2S3 at concentrations of 10 muM or higher prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	54-81	latexin	Homo sapiens	30-33
29567426-4	2018	In the present study, we found that miR-494-3p expression was increased and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression was decreased in SH-SY5Y cells following 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	146-173	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	87-92
29566083-7	2018	Using Xenopus oocytes injected with Aqp9 cRNA, we show that AQP9 is permeable to the parkinsonogenic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	107-134	aquaporin 9	Mus musculus	36-40
29566083-7	2018	Using Xenopus oocytes injected with Aqp9 cRNA, we show that AQP9 is permeable to the parkinsonogenic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	107-134	aquaporin 9	Mus musculus	60-64
28545724-5	2018	Pharmacological inhibition of SOCE or transcriptional downregulation of proteins involved in SOCE like the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1, the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels Orai1 and TRPC1 and the linking protein Homer protects against oxidative glutamate toxicity and direct oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) injury, a cellular model of Parkinson"s disease.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	314-341	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
29115830-4	2018	Here, we have demonstrated that the combination of GAS and IRN (GAS/IRN) protects SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity in a synergistic manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	104-131	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-62
29115830-4	2018	Here, we have demonstrated that the combination of GAS and IRN (GAS/IRN) protects SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity in a synergistic manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	104-131	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	64-71
29293433-3	2018	In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of ZSCF extract against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cell lines.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-112	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	114-117
29459421-3	2018	In the current study, we investigated whether the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-1 in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is associated with the activity of PI3K/PDK1/Akt pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	109-136	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
28752899-0	2018	Purinergic receptor P2Y6 contributes to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced oxidative stress and cell death in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	20-24
29471019-5	2018	We discovered an increased interaction between PHD2 and the p23:Hsp90 chaperone complex in response to mitochondrial stress elicited by the mitochondrial neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) within cultured DAergic cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	165-190	egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
29471019-5	2018	We discovered an increased interaction between PHD2 and the p23:Hsp90 chaperone complex in response to mitochondrial stress elicited by the mitochondrial neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) within cultured DAergic cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	165-190	prostaglandin E synthase 3	Homo sapiens	60-63
29471019-5	2018	We discovered an increased interaction between PHD2 and the p23:Hsp90 chaperone complex in response to mitochondrial stress elicited by the mitochondrial neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) within cultured DAergic cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	165-190	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
28986122-2	2017	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is well known neurotoxin which increases alpha-SYN expression and causes dopaminergic neuronal death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	76-85
27975170-12	2018	Finally, we found that neuroprotection of the antidepressants against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells was attenuated by ERK or Akt inhibitor.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	147-150
27975170-12	2018	Finally, we found that neuroprotection of the antidepressants against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells was attenuated by ERK or Akt inhibitor.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
29270589-2	2017	Recently a new approach has been used to develop Parkinsonian monkeys with unilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	124-151	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	157-160
28774789-6	2018	The in vitro study confirmed a significant decrease of CBS expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-stimulated astrocytes and microglia, but not in neurons or SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	73-100	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	55-58
27714630-3	2017	In this study, we studied the effects of LIUS stimulation on the ROS-dependent alpha-synuclein aggregation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	110-137	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	79-94
28807729-0	2017	CpG demethylation in the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium might mediate transcriptional up-regulation of alpha-synuclein in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-69	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	117-132
28551099-7	2017	Injury to SH-SY5Y cells by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium treatment was also ameliorated by nicotine, and this effect was abolished by methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective alpha7-nAChR antagonist, or by siRNA-mediated alpha7-nAChR knockdown.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	27-54	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	170-182
28688763-0	2017	Protective function of SLC30A10 induced via PERK-ATF4 pathway against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	solute carrier family 30 member 10	Homo sapiens	23-31
28688763-0	2017	Protective function of SLC30A10 induced via PERK-ATF4 pathway against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	44-48
28688763-0	2017	Protective function of SLC30A10 induced via PERK-ATF4 pathway against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
28429275-2	2017	Recently we have shown that TGF-beta1 pretreatment in vitro protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss that characterizes in Parkinson"s disease (PD).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	77-104	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-37
28551099-7	2017	Injury to SH-SY5Y cells by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium treatment was also ameliorated by nicotine, and this effect was abolished by methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective alpha7-nAChR antagonist, or by siRNA-mediated alpha7-nAChR knockdown.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	27-54	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	216-228
28551099-8	2017	Furthermore, nicotine increased expression levels of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling proteins in the PD mouse model or in the SH-SY5Y cells treated by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, and these effects were also reversed by MLA or alpha7-siRNA treatment in vivo or in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	146-173	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	57-69
28450223-2	2017	Recent results from our group and others demonstrated that selective activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with the agonist G1 can protect DA neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxins.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Mus musculus	83-118
28450223-2	2017	Recent results from our group and others demonstrated that selective activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with the agonist G1 can protect DA neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxins.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Mus musculus	120-124
28611589-4	2017	The goal of the present study was to explore the potential pathogenic effects of interference by the PGC-1alpha gene on N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	120-147	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	101-111
27339879-6	2017	Consistently, we demonstrated that caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed caspase-7/PARP1/AIF-mediated apoptosis pathway by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	116-147	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	35-44
27339879-6	2017	Consistently, we demonstrated that caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed caspase-7/PARP1/AIF-mediated apoptosis pathway by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	116-147	caspase 7	Homo sapiens	66-75
27339879-6	2017	Consistently, we demonstrated that caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed caspase-7/PARP1/AIF-mediated apoptosis pathway by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	116-147	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
27339879-6	2017	Consistently, we demonstrated that caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed caspase-7/PARP1/AIF-mediated apoptosis pathway by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	116-147	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
28442376-1	2017	Intrastriatal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is considered a model to reproduce some biochemical alterations observed in Parkinson"s disease (PD) patients.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	27-54	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	56-59
27722792-5	2017	Ppt1 -/- neurons, however, were more sensitive to mitochondrial complex I inhibition by MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), and had significantly decreased sensitivity to chemical anoxia induced by the mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor, sodium azide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	94-121	palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
28151476-3	2017	Here we report that Nedd4-2 mediates the ubiquitination of glutamate transporters in 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated astrocytes and in the midbrain of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-constructed PD model mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-113	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated gene 4-like	Mus musculus	20-27
27137951-3	2017	Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action of insulin on a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced toxicity of events associated in cell viability and toxicity to the expression profile of cell signaling pathway proteins and genes in rat C6 glial cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-119	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	79-86
28232171-6	2017	Neurotoxins such as MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) can act directly on astrocytes to increase levels of angiotensinogen and AII.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	26-53	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	108-123
28232171-6	2017	Neurotoxins such as MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) can act directly on astrocytes to increase levels of angiotensinogen and AII.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	26-53	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	128-131
26136377-0	2017	Neuroprotective effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone against the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	93-120	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	27-63
26136377-3	2017	The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alpha-MSH against the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	110-137	STAM binding protein	Homo sapiens	71-80
28096359-6	2017	Accordingly, PIKE-L overexpression decreases dopaminergic cell death elicited by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), whereas PIKE-L knockdown elevates alpha-synuclein oligomerization and cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	81-108	ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2	Mus musculus	13-17
27908790-3	2017	In this study, we reported a novel effect of neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), on metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 agonist, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and MPP+ incubation blocked DHPG-induced hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) in Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-84	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1	Mus musculus	96-129
27908790-3	2017	In this study, we reported a novel effect of neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), on metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 agonist, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and MPP+ incubation blocked DHPG-induced hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) in Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-84	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	319-322
26687234-3	2016	Genetic removal of the N/OFQ precursor partially protects midbrain dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-induced toxicity, suggesting that endogenous N/OFQ may be detrimental to dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	93-118	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	23-28
28268219-2	2017	Herein, we show that Treg cells directly protect dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxicity via an interaction between the two transmembrane proteins CD47 and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	78-105	CD47 molecule	Homo sapiens	185-189
28268219-2	2017	Herein, we show that Treg cells directly protect dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxicity via an interaction between the two transmembrane proteins CD47 and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	78-105	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	194-225
28268219-2	2017	Herein, we show that Treg cells directly protect dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxicity via an interaction between the two transmembrane proteins CD47 and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	78-105	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	227-232
28280525-3	2017	In this study, we explored the cytoprotective effect of DNAJB6(S) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion- (MPP+-) induced apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms in cultured LN18 cells from astrocytic tumors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	74-105	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B6	Homo sapiens	56-62
26687234-3	2016	Genetic removal of the N/OFQ precursor partially protects midbrain dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-induced toxicity, suggesting that endogenous N/OFQ may be detrimental to dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	93-118	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	164-169
26687234-6	2016	N/OFQ potentiates the effects of the neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium through p38-MAPK signalling.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	71-98	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	0-5
26687234-6	2016	N/OFQ potentiates the effects of the neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium through p38-MAPK signalling.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	71-98	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	107-115
27159033-0	2016	Melatonin prevents the dynamin-related protein 1-dependent mitochondrial fission and oxidative insult in the cortical neurons after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	132-159	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	23-48
27720638-6	2016	RESULTS: Expression of H2AX(Y142F) renders DA neuron-like cells more resistant to DNA damage and subsequent cell death induced by ultraviolet irradiation and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	158-185	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	23-27
27267045-4	2016	RESULTS: We demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) was overproduced on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) treatment, which subsequently engendered S-nitrosylation of Parkin (SNO-Parkin), and thus decreased the interaction with Drp1, leading to elevated Drp1 expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	68-99	snubnose	Mus musculus	175-178
27267045-4	2016	RESULTS: We demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) was overproduced on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) treatment, which subsequently engendered S-nitrosylation of Parkin (SNO-Parkin), and thus decreased the interaction with Drp1, leading to elevated Drp1 expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	68-99	dynamin 1-like	Mus musculus	228-232
27267045-4	2016	RESULTS: We demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) was overproduced on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) treatment, which subsequently engendered S-nitrosylation of Parkin (SNO-Parkin), and thus decreased the interaction with Drp1, leading to elevated Drp1 expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	68-99	dynamin 1-like	Mus musculus	254-258
27574110-3	2016	In addition, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced splicing changes of endogenous LRPPRC messenger RNA, reproduced the effect of the LRPPRC IVS35+14C>T mutation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	13-44	leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing	Homo sapiens	84-90
27574110-3	2016	In addition, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced splicing changes of endogenous LRPPRC messenger RNA, reproduced the effect of the LRPPRC IVS35+14C>T mutation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	13-44	leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing	Homo sapiens	135-141
27512998-12	2016	Functional analysis has shown that N27-A cells are more sensitive than N27 cells to neurotoxins taken up by the dopamine transporter such as 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	163-188	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	112-132
26141122-4	2016	The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects and signal transduction mechanisms of the overexpression of PGC-1alpha on N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cell, establishing the cell model of overexpression of PGC-1alpha and the cell model of PD by using adenoviral vectors and MPP(+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	133-164	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	119-129
27540524-0	2016	Overexpression of Annexin A1 Suppresses Pro-Inflammatory Factors in PC12 Cells Induced by 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	90-117	annexin A1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
27196724-0	2016	Protection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by Soyasaponin I by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/GSK3beta pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	19-47	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	175-178
27196724-0	2016	Protection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by Soyasaponin I by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/GSK3beta pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	19-47	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	179-187
27196724-4	2016	Moreover, Soya-I effectively inhibited the elevated intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio caused by MPP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	147-150	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	121-124
27196724-4	2016	Moreover, Soya-I effectively inhibited the elevated intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio caused by MPP.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	147-150	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	125-130
27540524-3	2016	In this study, we therefore examined the potency of ANXA1 in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressing pro-inflammatory responses in PC12 cells induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	181-208	annexin A1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
27114059-0	2016	Protective effects of DJ-1 medicated Akt phosphorylation on mitochondrial function are promoted by Da-Bu-Yin-Wan in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	116-143	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	22-26
27012608-4	2016	Here, using a well-established PD model culture based on the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)), we demonstrated that miR-133b could promote axon outgrowth in dopaminergic neurons (DNs) and ameliorated MPP(+)-induced axon degeneration.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	72-100	microRNA 133b	Homo sapiens	132-140
27017962-8	2016	Overexpression of MtFt increased TfR1 and decreased ferroportin 1 induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	77-104	solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	52-65
27445691-4	2016	We find that in vitro GPR139 agonists protected primary mesencephalic DA neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-mediated degeneration.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	89-116	G protein-coupled receptor 139	Homo sapiens	22-28
26646004-0	2016	Mast Cells Release Chemokine CCL2 in Response to Parkinsonian Toxin 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-Pyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	68-96	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	29-33
27253404-4	2016	We found that cdr2 levels were significantly reduced after stereotaxic injection of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) into the striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	84-111	LOC101060399	Homo sapiens	14-18
26848562-3	2016	METHODS: We cultured primary neurons and astrocytes from mouse midbrain to investigate the mechanisms for astrocyte ATP13A2-regulated lysosomal function and neuroinflammation following 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+) ) treatment.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	185-212	ATPase type 13A2	Mus musculus	116-123
26774050-5	2016	Similarly, AQP4 deficiency augmented the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and the production of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in midbrain astrocyte cultures treated with MPP(+) (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	99-107
27097841-3	2016	The results showed a time-dependent HO-1 upregulation in primary cultured ventral mesencephalon neurons and astrocytes treated with the mitochondria complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) or recombinant alpha-synuclein.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	169-196	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
26774050-5	2016	Similarly, AQP4 deficiency augmented the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and the production of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in midbrain astrocyte cultures treated with MPP(+) (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	112-121
26930193-7	2016	Importantly, we showed that the phosphorylation of S1627 by Cdk5 could activate the LRRK2 kinase, and neurons ectopically expressing R1628P displayed a higher sensitivity to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a bioactive metabolite of environmental toxin MPTP, in a Cdk5-dependent manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	60-64
26930193-7	2016	Importantly, we showed that the phosphorylation of S1627 by Cdk5 could activate the LRRK2 kinase, and neurons ectopically expressing R1628P displayed a higher sensitivity to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a bioactive metabolite of environmental toxin MPTP, in a Cdk5-dependent manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
26930193-7	2016	Importantly, we showed that the phosphorylation of S1627 by Cdk5 could activate the LRRK2 kinase, and neurons ectopically expressing R1628P displayed a higher sensitivity to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a bioactive metabolite of environmental toxin MPTP, in a Cdk5-dependent manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	174-201	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	260-264
26411459-8	2016	The results indicated that rhFGF8b prevented necrosis and apoptosis of 1-METHYL-4-phenyl pyridine (MPP(+)) treated PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	71-97	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	99-102
26677001-6	2016	In the present study, the exposure of PC12 cells to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) led to the loss of cell viability and decreased the expression levels of PCNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that this protein may be involved in the neurotoxic actions of MPP+ in dopaminergic neuronal cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	52-79	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
26648565-4	2016	The present study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of NogoA on cellular viability, apoptosis and autophagy induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in PC12 cells, a commonly used in vitro PD model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	142-169	reticulon 4	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
26979073-4	2016	The expression of HOTAIR and LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) were detected in the PD mice and in Human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y pretreated with MPP+ (N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	163-190	HOX transcript antisense RNA (non-protein coding)	Mus musculus	18-24
26254549-4	2016	Here we used both shRNA and pharmacologic inhibition to determine the role of microglial TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR)-I and its downstream signaling pathways in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced DAergic neuronal toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	159-186	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	89-117
26979073-4	2016	The expression of HOTAIR and LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) were detected in the PD mice and in Human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y pretreated with MPP+ (N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	163-190	leucine-rich repeat kinase 2	Mus musculus	36-64
26520464-2	2016	Previous data from our lab suggests indirect actions of estrogen through ERalpha in neighboring astroglia to protect dopamine neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) toxicity in mouse mesencephalic cultures.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	142-169	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	73-80
26545632-3	2016	In this study, we identified a novel HDAC1/2 isoform-specific inhibitor, K560, with protective effects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))- and/or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neuronal death in both in vitro and in vivo Parkinson"s disease model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	111-138	histone deacetylase 1	Mus musculus	37-42
27738547-2	2016	Our in vitro experiments suggested that salidroside (Sal) could protect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-induced cell apoptosis in part by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	80-105	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	160-163
26981313-7	2016	The results showed a similar trend of upregulation of genes of the eEF1A isoforms (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) and of the PI3K (classes I-III)/Akt (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3)/mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) pathway in both nondifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	279-306	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
26981313-7	2016	The results showed a similar trend of upregulation of genes of the eEF1A isoforms (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) and of the PI3K (classes I-III)/Akt (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3)/mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) pathway in both nondifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	279-306	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	83-89
27738547-2	2016	Our in vitro experiments suggested that salidroside (Sal) could protect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-induced cell apoptosis in part by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	80-105	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	164-172
26981313-7	2016	The results showed a similar trend of upregulation of genes of the eEF1A isoforms (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) and of the PI3K (classes I-III)/Akt (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3)/mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) pathway in both nondifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	279-306	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	94-100
26981313-7	2016	The results showed a similar trend of upregulation of genes of the eEF1A isoforms (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) and of the PI3K (classes I-III)/Akt (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3)/mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) pathway in both nondifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	279-306	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
26424114-1	2015	Our previous studies demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) protects cortical and dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative insult by upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-148	fibroblast growth factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	39-65
26981313-7	2016	The results showed a similar trend of upregulation of genes of the eEF1A isoforms (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) and of the PI3K (classes I-III)/Akt (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3)/mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) pathway in both nondifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	279-306	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
26538564-7	2015	Stabilization of PINK1 by BAG2 triggers PARKIN-mediated mitophagy and protects neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced oxidative stress in an in vitro cell model of PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	95-122	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
26538564-7	2015	Stabilization of PINK1 by BAG2 triggers PARKIN-mediated mitophagy and protects neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced oxidative stress in an in vitro cell model of PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	95-122	BAG cochaperone 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
26597345-5	2015	Overexpression of TET protected dopaminergic neurons against neuronal apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium cell culture model in vitro.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	83-110	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	18-21
26453926-7	2015	We also demonstrate that targeted repression of Keap1 and activation of Nrf2 pathway, in part, underlies the protective effects of miR-7 against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y and differentiated human neural progenitor cells, ReNcell VM.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	145-172	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
26424114-1	2015	Our previous studies demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) protects cortical and dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative insult by upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-148	fibroblast growth factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
26424114-1	2015	Our previous studies demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) protects cortical and dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative insult by upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	121-148	glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit	Rattus norvegicus	202-235
26413876-3	2015	Extrapolations of data obtained using MPTP-based parkinsonism models to human disease are common; however, the precise mechanism by which MPTP is converted into its active neurotoxic metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)), has not been fully elucidated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	195-223	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	225-228
26188143-3	2015	Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of NRSF target genes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is transiently decreased in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	173-201	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	55-59
26188143-3	2015	Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of NRSF target genes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is transiently decreased in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	173-201	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	73-106
26188143-3	2015	Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of NRSF target genes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is transiently decreased in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	173-201	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	108-112
26188143-3	2015	Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of NRSF target genes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is transiently decreased in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	173-201	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	119-139
26188143-3	2015	Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of NRSF target genes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is transiently decreased in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	173-201	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	141-143
26376205-9	2015	In addition to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, the kinetic study indicated that both 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-benzyl-TIQ are substrates of human PMAT.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	15-42	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	168-172
26285765-3	2015	In this study, we showed that IDT307 (4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide), a fluorescent analog of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), is a transportable substrate for PMAT and that IDT307-based fluorescence assay can be used to rapidly identify and characterize PMAT inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-145	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	187-191
26285765-3	2015	In this study, we showed that IDT307 (4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide), a fluorescent analog of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), is a transportable substrate for PMAT and that IDT307-based fluorescence assay can be used to rapidly identify and characterize PMAT inhibitors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-145	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	282-286
26264181-0	2015	Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl(-1)) protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) induced apoptosis in Parkinson"s disease.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-82	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	0-23
26051538-6	2015	Analyses of monocyte/macrophage NF-kappaB and iNOS activation and FACs immunophenotype indicated that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) treatment induces a strong immune response in monocytes, comparable to that of canonical challenge by lipopolysaccharide.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	102-129	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	46-50
26094622-1	2015	Specific uptake through dopamine transporter followed by the inhibition of the mitochondrial complex-I have been accepted as the cause of the specific dopaminergic toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+) ).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	176-203	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	24-44
26314634-3	2015	We have previously shown that increasing the expression level of 14-3-3theta is protective against rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in cultured cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	112-139	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Mus musculus	65-76
26264181-0	2015	Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl(-1)) protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) induced apoptosis in Parkinson"s disease.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-82	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	25-32
26264181-3	2015	In this study, our results indicated that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment augmented the expression of Mcl(-1) at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-69	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	115-122
26487857-2	2015	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) treatment increased alpha-synuclein, E1 and SIAH-1 protein levels in PC12 cells, and it reduced cell viability; however, there was no significant change in light chain 3 expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	57-72
26320949-5	2015	Furthermore, we demonstrate that reducing axonal arborization by acting on axon guidance pathways with Semaphorin 7A reduces in parallel the basal rate of mitochondrial OXPHOS and the vulnerability of nigral DA neurons to the neurotoxic agents MPP(+) (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) and rotenone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	252-279	semaphorin 7A (John Milton Hagen blood group)	Homo sapiens	103-116
26117230-5	2015	Moreover, we identified the functions of transduced PEP-1-PON1 proteins which include, mitigating mitochondrial damage, decreasing reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and protecting against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	245-272	CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family)	Mus musculus	52-57
26117230-5	2015	Moreover, we identified the functions of transduced PEP-1-PON1 proteins which include, mitigating mitochondrial damage, decreasing reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and protecting against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	245-272	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
25783477-4	2015	Interestingly, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a Parkinsonian toxin, increased the expression of RANTES and eotaxin in mouse microglial cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	15-42	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	103-109
25783477-4	2015	Interestingly, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a Parkinsonian toxin, increased the expression of RANTES and eotaxin in mouse microglial cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	15-42	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11	Mus musculus	114-121
26275153-2	2015	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a metabolite of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and Lewy body component alpha-synuclein activates glia in PD pathogenesis.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	139-154
25112679-3	2015	We hypothesized that cytoprotection by ceftriaxone in astrocytes exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) involves suppression of the NF-kappaB/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	141-150
25112679-3	2015	We hypothesized that cytoprotection by ceftriaxone in astrocytes exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) involves suppression of the NF-kappaB/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	151-154
25112679-3	2015	We hypothesized that cytoprotection by ceftriaxone in astrocytes exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) involves suppression of the NF-kappaB/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	155-160
26487857-2	2015	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) treatment increased alpha-synuclein, E1 and SIAH-1 protein levels in PC12 cells, and it reduced cell viability; however, there was no significant change in light chain 3 expression.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
26224857-4	2015	Trib3 protein is also upregulated in cellular models of PD, including neuronal PC12 cells and rat dopaminergic ventral midbrain neurons treated with 6-OHDA, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), or alpha-synuclein fibrils (alphaSYN).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	157-184	tribbles pseudokinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
25637806-5	2015	Since mitochondrial dysfunction has been described to be the major pathological event in PD, the present study focused on the role of Sphk2/S1P signaling in promoting mitochondrial functions in the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD and in 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-treated MN9D cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	236-263	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	140-143
25560396-12	2015	Incubation of slices in vitro with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+) ) decreased depolarization-induced expression of BDNF.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	35-62	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	120-124
24859383-4	2015	Moreover, treatment with specific neutralizing antibodies for GDNF and BDNF reduced the protective effects of hRheb(S16H) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	62-66
24859383-4	2015	Moreover, treatment with specific neutralizing antibodies for GDNF and BDNF reduced the protective effects of hRheb(S16H) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	71-75
24859383-4	2015	Moreover, treatment with specific neutralizing antibodies for GDNF and BDNF reduced the protective effects of hRheb(S16H) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding	Homo sapiens	110-115
25799580-5	2015	Moreover, the hRheb(S16H)-activated CNTF/CNTFRalpha signaling pathway was protective against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	93-120	Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding	Homo sapiens	14-24
25799580-5	2015	Moreover, the hRheb(S16H)-activated CNTF/CNTFRalpha signaling pathway was protective against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	93-120	ciliary neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	36-40
25799580-5	2015	Moreover, the hRheb(S16H)-activated CNTF/CNTFRalpha signaling pathway was protective against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	93-120	ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor	Homo sapiens	41-51
25061051-7	2015	These findings were verified in an in vitro study showing that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment leads to suppression of EPCR along with reduction of protein C activation in human primary endothelial cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	63-90	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	92-95
25248837-4	2015	After an intraperitoneal administration of MPTP, brain extracellular levels of MPTP and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) were much lower in aged mice and in Oct1/2(-/-) mice compared with younger mice and wild-type control mice, respectively.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	88-116	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	162-166
25645943-3	2015	Commonly used in animal models of PD, MPTP can metabolize to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)); however, the detailed mechanism through which MPP(+) causes neuronal cell death remains undetermined.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	61-88	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	90-93
25645943-3	2015	Commonly used in animal models of PD, MPTP can metabolize to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)); however, the detailed mechanism through which MPP(+) causes neuronal cell death remains undetermined.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	61-88	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	145-148
25600833-3	2015	In this study, we demonstrated that overexpressing BAG2 ameliorates the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial release of cytochrome C.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	83-110	BAG cochaperone 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
25600833-3	2015	In this study, we demonstrated that overexpressing BAG2 ameliorates the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial release of cytochrome C.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	83-110	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	241-253
25432430-5	2015	In cultures, treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induced an increase in astrocyte-derived angiotensinogen and dopaminergic neuron death, which were inhibited by estrogen receptor alpha agonists.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	28-55	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	97-112
25061051-7	2015	These findings were verified in an in vitro study showing that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment leads to suppression of EPCR along with reduction of protein C activation in human primary endothelial cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	63-90	protein C receptor	Homo sapiens	132-136
25017139-0	2014	G2019S LRRK2 mutant fibroblasts from Parkinson"s disease patients show increased sensitivity to neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium dependent of autophagy.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	107-134	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	7-12
25469469-3	2014	In this study, we found that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment up-regulates the expression of GADD45alpha in both a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner in human dopamine neuroblastoma M17 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	29-56	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha	Homo sapiens	105-116
25017139-4	2014	In the present study, we have characterized the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced damage in fibroblasts from Parkinson"s patients with the mutation G2019S in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 protein (LRRK2) and control individuals without this mutation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-94	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	192-220
25017139-4	2014	In the present study, we have characterized the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced damage in fibroblasts from Parkinson"s patients with the mutation G2019S in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 protein (LRRK2) and control individuals without this mutation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	67-94	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	230-235
24499676-4	2014	In addition, the transduced PEP-1-HO-1 inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-149	CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family)	Mus musculus	28-33
24499676-4	2014	In addition, the transduced PEP-1-HO-1 inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	118-149	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
24947010-7	2014	We observed further that the interaction of DJ-1 and RACK1 is disrupted by H2O2 or MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) treatment, and the protein levels of DJ-1 and RACK1 decreased in neurodegenerative disease models.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	89-116	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	44-48
24947010-7	2014	We observed further that the interaction of DJ-1 and RACK1 is disrupted by H2O2 or MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) treatment, and the protein levels of DJ-1 and RACK1 decreased in neurodegenerative disease models.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	89-116	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
24947010-7	2014	We observed further that the interaction of DJ-1 and RACK1 is disrupted by H2O2 or MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) treatment, and the protein levels of DJ-1 and RACK1 decreased in neurodegenerative disease models.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	89-116	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
25209287-3	2014	In vitro dose-response studies revealed that exogenous SP enhanced LPS- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a bimodal manner, peaking at submicromolar and subpicomolar concentrations, but was substantially less effective at intermediate concentrations.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	55-57
25232110-0	2014	MicroRNA-7 protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death by targeting RelA.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	28-55	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	88-92
25210784-6	2014	Importantly, we showed that PON2 deficiency hypersensitizes neurons to oxidative stress induced by MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	105-132	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
25184665-0	2014	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen binds DNA polymerase-beta and mediates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neuronal death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	74-101	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	0-34
25802735-7	2014	Expression of mutations PMAT-p.Ala138Thr and p.Asp326Glu in cellulae revealed significant reduced transport uptake activity towards a variety of substrates including serotonin, dopamine, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), while mutation p.Asp29Gly had reduced transport activity only towards MPP(+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	191-218	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
24726895-4	2014	Here, we show that PD mimetics (6-hydroxydopamine, N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine or rotenone) suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1, reduced cell viability, and activated caspase-3 and PARP in PC12 cells and primary neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-76	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
24726895-4	2014	Here, we show that PD mimetics (6-hydroxydopamine, N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine or rotenone) suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1, reduced cell viability, and activated caspase-3 and PARP in PC12 cells and primary neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-76	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	126-141
24726895-4	2014	Here, we show that PD mimetics (6-hydroxydopamine, N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine or rotenone) suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1, reduced cell viability, and activated caspase-3 and PARP in PC12 cells and primary neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-76	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	181-190
24399507-0	2014	Sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate in oxidative stress evoked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in human dopaminergic neuronal cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	79-106	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-20
24399507-5	2014	The aim of our study was to investigate the expression level of Sphk1 and its role in human dopaminergic neuronal cell (SH-SY5Y) viability under oxidative stress, evoked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	173-200	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
23982114-8	2014	ASP(+) uptake by mOCT3 and human OCT3 (hOCT3) was efficiently inhibited by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, tetrapentylammonium (TPA(+)), corticosterone, serotonin, and histamine and by the drugs ketamine, fluoxetine, and diazepam.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-102	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 3	Mus musculus	17-22
24899725-7	2014	We also demonstrate that HIF-1alpha accumulation rescues DJ-1-deficient neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	88-115	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	25-35
24899725-7	2014	We also demonstrate that HIF-1alpha accumulation rescues DJ-1-deficient neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	88-115	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	57-61
24047115-9	2014	Our results also demonstrate that the protective effects of adiponectin against DJ-1L166P-induced neuronal cytotoxicity under 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) treatment require binding of adiponectin to its cell surface receptors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	126-157	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	60-71
24047115-9	2014	Our results also demonstrate that the protective effects of adiponectin against DJ-1L166P-induced neuronal cytotoxicity under 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) treatment require binding of adiponectin to its cell surface receptors.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	126-157	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	194-205
24530383-3	2014	Both CP and CPC inhibited the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) and metformin, typical substrates of OCT1, in MDCK-hOCT1 cells with low IC50 (0.307-14.0 muM).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
24768991-1	2014	Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, which is downregulated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in cells treated chronically with the complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	220-247	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	0-36
24768991-1	2014	Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, which is downregulated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in cells treated chronically with the complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	220-247	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	38-42
24768991-1	2014	Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, which is downregulated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in cells treated chronically with the complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	220-247	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	154-160
24726706-3	2014	We found that AL-1 significantly prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cerebellar granule neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	43-70	ephrin A5	Homo sapiens	14-18
24851694-0	2014	[Notch signaling pathway in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cell].	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	28-55	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	1-6
23982114-8	2014	ASP(+) uptake by mOCT3 and human OCT3 (hOCT3) was efficiently inhibited by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, tetrapentylammonium (TPA(+)), corticosterone, serotonin, and histamine and by the drugs ketamine, fluoxetine, and diazepam.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-102	solute carrier family 22 member 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
23982114-8	2014	ASP(+) uptake by mOCT3 and human OCT3 (hOCT3) was efficiently inhibited by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, tetrapentylammonium (TPA(+)), corticosterone, serotonin, and histamine and by the drugs ketamine, fluoxetine, and diazepam.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-102	solute carrier family 22 member 3	Homo sapiens	39-44
24291744-9	2014	Third, trpm7 mutants are unusually sensitive to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, an oxidative stressor, and their motility is partially rescued by application of the iron chelator deferoxamine, an anti-oxidant.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	63-90	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7	Danio rerio	7-12
24026623-2	2013	Although no inhibition of OAT1 and OAT3 was observed, inhibition of OCT2-mediated uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) and metformin was evident (IC(50) of 73.4 +- 14.8 and 8.8 +- 1.9 microM, respectively).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-119	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
25310737-6	2014	Our latest data demonstrated significant inhibition of Sphk1 gene expression and activity in an in vitro PD model, induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	126-153	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	110-138
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	Tnf receptor-associated factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	194-244
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	Tnf receptor-associated factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	246-251
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	254-277
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	279-282
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	285-295
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	301-325
24140863-3	2014	In the present study, we showed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) induced ER stress by activating glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	37-68	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	327-331
24326530-0	2014	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death via autophagy through a Bcl-2/Beclin 1 complex-dependent pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	71-76
24326530-0	2014	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death via autophagy through a Bcl-2/Beclin 1 complex-dependent pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	0-27	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	77-85
24305623-5	2014	The results show that TBN exerted significant neuroprotection on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells and primary dopaminergic neurons, as well as on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neuron loss in zebrafish (TBN and MPTP were added simultaneously into the fish embryo medium and the treatment period was 48 h).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	TATA-box binding protein associated factor 8	Homo sapiens	22-25
24414307-2	2014	A further in vitro experiment showed that the pretreatment with arctigenin on cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells could obviously attenuate the decrease of cell survival rates caused by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion by way of acting against cell apoptosis through the decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3, and by antioxidative action through reduction of the surplus reactive oxygen species production and downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	208-239	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	304-307
24414307-2	2014	A further in vitro experiment showed that the pretreatment with arctigenin on cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells could obviously attenuate the decrease of cell survival rates caused by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion by way of acting against cell apoptosis through the decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3, and by antioxidative action through reduction of the surplus reactive oxygen species production and downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	208-239	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	308-313
24414307-2	2014	A further in vitro experiment showed that the pretreatment with arctigenin on cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells could obviously attenuate the decrease of cell survival rates caused by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion by way of acting against cell apoptosis through the decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3, and by antioxidative action through reduction of the surplus reactive oxygen species production and downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	208-239	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	318-327
23651427-3	2013	In the uptake studies in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing IRIP with and without OCT1 or MATE1, IRIP overexpression was found to significantly inhibit the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium mediated by OCT1 or MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	183-210	yrdC N6-threonylcarbamoyltransferase domain containing	Homo sapiens	77-81
23959424-0	2013	Upregulation of sestrin-2 expression via P53 protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-89	sestrin 2	Homo sapiens	16-25
23959424-0	2013	Upregulation of sestrin-2 expression via P53 protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-89	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	41-44
23959424-4	2013	Moreover, in vitro experiments display that the drug 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induces the expression of SESN2 in SH-SY5Y cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	53-80	sestrin 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
23370975-3	2013	In this study, KLF4 was found to be increased in both a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner in response to the incubation with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in human dopamine neuroblastoma M17 cells, suggesting a potential role in MPP + -induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	141-168	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
23370975-3	2013	In this study, KLF4 was found to be increased in both a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner in response to the incubation with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in human dopamine neuroblastoma M17 cells, suggesting a potential role in MPP + -induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	141-168	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	170-173
23370975-3	2013	In this study, KLF4 was found to be increased in both a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner in response to the incubation with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in human dopamine neuroblastoma M17 cells, suggesting a potential role in MPP + -induced neurotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	141-168	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	250-253
23763587-6	2013	Only confluent HEK-hOCT2-C transported Cd(2+), and confluent and dissociated cells exhibited different potencies for inhibition of uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(+) (MPP(+)) by Cd(2+), MPP(+), tetraethylammonium(+), cimetidine(+), and corticosterone.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	141-168	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
23709117-5	2013	Here we compared the IC50 values obtained for a set of structurally distinct inhibitors against OCT2-mediated transport of three structurally distinct substrates: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP); metformin; and a novel fluorescent substrate, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[methyl(7-nitrobenzo[c][l,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino]ethanaminium iodide (NBD-MTMA).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	163-190	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
23709117-5	2013	Here we compared the IC50 values obtained for a set of structurally distinct inhibitors against OCT2-mediated transport of three structurally distinct substrates: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP); metformin; and a novel fluorescent substrate, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[methyl(7-nitrobenzo[c][l,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino]ethanaminium iodide (NBD-MTMA).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	192-195	solute carrier family 22 member 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
23754278-10	2013	To our surprise we observed a dramatic up-regulation of Pin1 mRNA and protein levels in dopaminergic MN9D neuronal cells treated with the parkinsonian toxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) as well as in the substantia nigra of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	160-187	peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Mus musculus	56-60
24184050-5	2013	We demonstrate here that treatment of mice with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril protects the striatum from acutely administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrine (MPTP), and that chronic captopril protects the nigral DA cell bodies from degeneration in a progressive rat model of parkinsonism created by the chronic intracerebral infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	373-400	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1	Mus musculus	52-81
23933227-7	2013	Nicotine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles improved the endurance of TH-immunoreactive neurons and the number of fiber outgrowths and increased the mRNA expression of TH, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and growth-associated protein-43 over bulk against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion-induced degeneration in the in vitro model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	253-281	neuronal cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	169-234
23665112-3	2013	Whether SAA can also inhibit the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in dopaminergic neurons has not been investigated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	50-77	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	8-11
23651427-3	2013	In the uptake studies in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing IRIP with and without OCT1 or MATE1, IRIP overexpression was found to significantly inhibit the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium mediated by OCT1 or MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	183-210	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
23651427-3	2013	In the uptake studies in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing IRIP with and without OCT1 or MATE1, IRIP overexpression was found to significantly inhibit the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium mediated by OCT1 or MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	183-210	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
23651427-3	2013	In the uptake studies in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing IRIP with and without OCT1 or MATE1, IRIP overexpression was found to significantly inhibit the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium mediated by OCT1 or MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	183-210	yrdC N6-threonylcarbamoyltransferase domain containing	Homo sapiens	114-118
23651427-3	2013	In the uptake studies in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing IRIP with and without OCT1 or MATE1, IRIP overexpression was found to significantly inhibit the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium mediated by OCT1 or MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	183-210	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	223-227
23651427-3	2013	In the uptake studies in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing IRIP with and without OCT1 or MATE1, IRIP overexpression was found to significantly inhibit the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium mediated by OCT1 or MATE1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	183-210	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	231-236
23536182-9	2013	Nur77 deficiency results in significant sensitization to dopaminergic loss following 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/MPTP treatment, in vitro and in vivo.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-112	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
23216451-0	2013	Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin-5 as potential modulator of mitochondria-ER crosstalk in MPP+-induced cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-89	peroxiredoxin 5	Homo sapiens	14-29
23376588-7	2013	Further experiments demonstrated that IL-1beta and TNF-alpha release was remarkably enhanced by iron load in activated microglia triggered by lipopolysaccharide or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-191	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	38-46
23376588-7	2013	Further experiments demonstrated that IL-1beta and TNF-alpha release was remarkably enhanced by iron load in activated microglia triggered by lipopolysaccharide or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	164-191	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	51-60
23644103-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of calcium dyshomeostasis in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	64-95	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	97-100
23303678-5	2013	Using infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a substrate of OCT and MATE transporters, into pregnant dams, we investigated the protective function of the placenta against organic cations at different gds.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	18-45	plexin A2	Homo sapiens	71-74
23122412-9	2013	Cultures of astrocytes recovered from wild type and SMP30 KO mice revealed that SMP30 deficiency abolished 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced astroglial activation by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	107-135	regucalcin	Mus musculus	52-57
23122412-9	2013	Cultures of astrocytes recovered from wild type and SMP30 KO mice revealed that SMP30 deficiency abolished 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced astroglial activation by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	107-135	regucalcin	Mus musculus	80-85
23123776-9	2012	LUHMES neurons upregulated ErbB4 when exposed to toxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 6-hydroxydopamine.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	56-83	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
22766071-4	2013	Our previous work showed that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion triggers dynamic changes of messenger RNA and protein expression of NRSF in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, and alteration of NRSF expression exacerbates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	30-58	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	131-135
22766071-4	2013	Our previous work showed that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion triggers dynamic changes of messenger RNA and protein expression of NRSF in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, and alteration of NRSF expression exacerbates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	30-58	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	191-195
22766071-4	2013	Our previous work showed that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion triggers dynamic changes of messenger RNA and protein expression of NRSF in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, and alteration of NRSF expression exacerbates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	219-247	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	131-135
22766071-4	2013	Our previous work showed that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion triggers dynamic changes of messenger RNA and protein expression of NRSF in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, and alteration of NRSF expression exacerbates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced cell death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	219-247	RE1 silencing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	191-195
23258538-2	2013	Monoamine oxidase B, present in the mitochondrial outer membrane of glial cells, catalyzes the oxidation of MPTP to the toxic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)), which then targets the dopaminergic neurons causing neuronal death.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	126-157	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	0-19
23392669-6	2013	ATF4 levels are also upregulated in neuronal PC12 cells treated with the dopaminergic neuronal toxins 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	133-160	activating transcription factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
23178948-6	2013	PEP-1-rpS3 significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species generation and DNA fragmentation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, consequently leading to the survival of SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	103-130	CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family)	Mus musculus	0-5
23178948-6	2013	PEP-1-rpS3 significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species generation and DNA fragmentation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, consequently leading to the survival of SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	103-130	ribosomal protein S3	Homo sapiens	6-10
23201480-4	2013	In this study, we found that acetylcholinesterase protein expression increased and caspase-3 was activated in PC12 cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	134-161	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	29-49
23201480-4	2013	In this study, we found that acetylcholinesterase protein expression increased and caspase-3 was activated in PC12 cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	134-161	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
23322189-2	2013	MPTP is metabolised to the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) in glia, after which it enters the neuron via the dopamine transporter and results in elevated levels of oxidative stress.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	27-58	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	118-138
23123778-3	2013	The aim of our study was to investigate whether heterozygote mutations in fgf8, shh or oep lead to a reduced number of ascending dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish (Danio rerio) or confer increased susceptibility to the PD neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	233-261	fibroblast growth factor 8a	Danio rerio	74-78
23034939-4	2013	J Med Chem 54: 4548-4558, 2011), we determined the kinetic basis of their inhibition of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) transport into Chinese hamster ovary cells that stably expressed hOCT2.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	88-115	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
23034939-4	2013	J Med Chem 54: 4548-4558, 2011), we determined the kinetic basis of their inhibition of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) transport into Chinese hamster ovary cells that stably expressed hOCT2.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	117-120	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
23411763-3	2013	The mitochondrial toxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) shows a highly selective toxicity to dopaminergic neurons.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	27-54	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	56-59
23665943-2	2013	When injected into C57BL/6J mice, MPTP penetrates into the brain and is converted to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B in astrocytes.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	85-112	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	123-148
23409128-3	2013	Here, we extend our studies to examine whether activation of the prosurvival Akt pathway is required for angiogenin"s neuroprotective effects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), as observed in ALS models, and to test the effect of virally-mediated overexpression of angiogenin in an in vivo PD model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	150-177	angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5	Mus musculus	105-115
23151508-4	2012	p10" also prevented the death of neurons treated with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), which induces conversion of endogenous p35 to p25, and Parkinson disease (PD)-like symptoms in animals.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	0-3
23151508-4	2012	p10" also prevented the death of neurons treated with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), which induces conversion of endogenous p35 to p25, and Parkinson disease (PD)-like symptoms in animals.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	cyclin dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	147-150
23151508-4	2012	p10" also prevented the death of neurons treated with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), which induces conversion of endogenous p35 to p25, and Parkinson disease (PD)-like symptoms in animals.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	70-97	cyclin dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
22898818-9	2012	We demonstrate that SIRT2 deacetylates Foxo3a, activates Bim, and induces apoptosis only in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-119	sirtuin 2	Mus musculus	20-25
22796104-1	2012	The present study examined whether capsaicin (CAP), an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) can prevent 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death in the substantia nigra (SN).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	135-162	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
22891246-4	2012	We showed that B3C attenuated the toxic effects of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) by activating MEF2D via multiple mechanisms.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	62-89	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Mus musculus	113-118
23146300-2	2012	The purpose of this study was to assess the role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated  athanogene 5 (BAG5) protein, which was previously confirmed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, in the regulation of apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	245-273	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	52-69
23146300-2	2012	The purpose of this study was to assess the role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated  athanogene 5 (BAG5) protein, which was previously confirmed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, in the regulation of apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	245-273	BAG cochaperone 5	Rattus norvegicus	71-102
23146300-2	2012	The purpose of this study was to assess the role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated  athanogene 5 (BAG5) protein, which was previously confirmed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, in the regulation of apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) in PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	245-273	BAG cochaperone 5	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
22809528-4	2012	Tat-FXN was effectively transduced into SH-SY5Y cells and blocked production of ROS and cleavage of DNA, significantly improving cell survival against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induced toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	151-178	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
22809528-4	2012	Tat-FXN was effectively transduced into SH-SY5Y cells and blocked production of ROS and cleavage of DNA, significantly improving cell survival against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induced toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	151-178	frataxin	Homo sapiens	4-7
22555455-5	2012	In addition, overexpression of DJ-1 Nt in different cell lines leads to a loss of clonogenic potential and sensitizes to staurosporin and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	138-165	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	31-35
22617635-1	2012	A series of oxicam non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to be neuroprotective against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway independent of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	112-140	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
23010175-5	2012	The transduced PEP-1-p18 markedly inhibited 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium-induced SH-SY5Y cell death by inhibiting Bax expression levels and DNA fragmentation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	44-72	CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family)	Mus musculus	15-20
23010175-5	2012	The transduced PEP-1-p18 markedly inhibited 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium-induced SH-SY5Y cell death by inhibiting Bax expression levels and DNA fragmentation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	44-72	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2C	Homo sapiens	21-24
23010175-5	2012	The transduced PEP-1-p18 markedly inhibited 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium-induced SH-SY5Y cell death by inhibiting Bax expression levels and DNA fragmentation.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	44-72	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	114-117
22513717-0	2012	Cooperative action of JNK and AKT/mTOR in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced autophagy of neuronal PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
22513717-0	2012	Cooperative action of JNK and AKT/mTOR in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced autophagy of neuronal PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-69	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
22513717-0	2012	Cooperative action of JNK and AKT/mTOR in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced autophagy of neuronal PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	42-69	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
22778257-6	2012	The pharmacological inhibition of the serine/threonine kinase alphaCaMKII attenuates amphetamine-triggered DAT-mediated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) efflux.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	120-147	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	107-110
22679891-2	2012	In this study, using proteomic and immunoblotting analysis, we detected elevated levels of cystatin C in conditioned media (CM) from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and dieldrin-injured rat DA neuronal cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	133-160	cystatin C	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
22417924-3	2012	This study explored the impact of the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone and the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 in the MPP(+)/MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) model of Parkinson"s disease, focussing on oxidative stress mechanisms.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	126-153	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	38-47
22742579-0	2012	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	38-64	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
22742579-0	2012	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling pathway.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	38-64	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
22417924-3	2012	This study explored the impact of the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone and the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 in the MPP(+)/MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) model of Parkinson"s disease, focussing on oxidative stress mechanisms.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	126-153	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	78-87
22419765-2	2012	The human orthologs of MATE1 and MATE2-K were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and transport function was determined by measuring uptake of the prototypic organic cation (OC) substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	201-228	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
22429328-5	2012	This study investigated the protective effects of PEP-1-HSP27 on neuronal damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP(+) ) in SH-SY5Y cells and in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	92-120	CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family)	Mus musculus	50-55
22419765-2	2012	The human orthologs of MATE1 and MATE2-K were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and transport function was determined by measuring uptake of the prototypic organic cation (OC) substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	201-228	solute carrier family 47 member 2	Homo sapiens	33-40
22419765-2	2012	The human orthologs of MATE1 and MATE2-K were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and transport function was determined by measuring uptake of the prototypic organic cation (OC) substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	230-233	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
21529244-4	2012	RESULTS: We demonstrate that in vitro, brain mitochondria isolated from CYPD knockout mice were less sensitive to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion)-induced membrane depolarization, and free radical generation compared to wild-type mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	120-152	peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F)	Mus musculus	72-76
23049997-0	2012	Unexpected neuronal protection of SU5416 against 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced toxicity via inhibiting neuronal nitric oxide synthase.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	49-76	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	113-143
22291010-4	2012	Here, we use fluorescence microscopy, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and molecular modeling to compare fluorescent analogs of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) as reporters for the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) in single cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	128-155	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	215-220
22155208-6	2012	Amantadine induced NAT-mediated release at concentrations of 10-100 muM in superfusion experiments and blocked NAT-mediated cytotoxicity of the parkinsonism inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) at concentrations of 30-300 muM, whereas 300-1000 muM amantadine was necessary to block NMDA-receptor mediated cytotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	177-205	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	111-114
22315973-4	2012	RESULTS: Using mutant mice and lentiviral transduction of dopaminergic neurons, the present findings demonstrate that WldS but not Nmnat1, Nmnat3, or cytoplasmically-targeted Nmnat1 protects dopamine axons from the parkinsonian mimetic N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	236-263	wallerian degeneration	Mus musculus	118-122
22580300-1	2012	Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-4 (UCP4) enhances neuronal survival in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and preserving intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	72-99	solute carrier family 25 member 27	Homo sapiens	0-34
22580300-1	2012	Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-4 (UCP4) enhances neuronal survival in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and preserving intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	72-99	solute carrier family 25 member 27	Homo sapiens	36-40
22051113-5	2012	In the present study, we set out to elucidate the nature of the interaction between tTG and the ER in PD pathogenesis, using retinoic-acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to the PD-mimetic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	194-221	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
22182582-0	2012	Oxicam structure in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is essential to exhibit Akt-mediated neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium-induced cytotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	119-147	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
22427795-1	2012	Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-4 (UCP4) protects against Complex I deficiency as induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), but how UCP4 affects mitochondrial function is unclear.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	94-121	solute carrier family 25 member 27	Homo sapiens	0-34
22427795-1	2012	Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-4 (UCP4) protects against Complex I deficiency as induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), but how UCP4 affects mitochondrial function is unclear.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	94-121	solute carrier family 25 member 27	Homo sapiens	36-40
21440023-7	2011	Z006 (30 muM) also blocked the tTG mediated incorporation of BAP into alpha-synuclein monomers and SDS-resistant multimers in vitro and in alpha-synuclein overexpressing SHSY5Y cells exposed to A23187 or the PD mimetic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	219-244	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
21816955-4	2011	The five beta-carbolines that we tested, which possess a pyridinium-like structure and are structurally related to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, inhibited PMAT with high affinity (IC(50) values of 39.1-65.5 muM).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	130-157	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	169-173
21896487-8	2011	For rOct1(6DeltaC-l) and rOct1(rOat1-l), similar K(m) values for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(+) (MPP(+)) and tetraethylammonium(+) (TEA(+)) were obtained that were higher compared with rOct1 wild type.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
21896487-8	2011	For rOct1(6DeltaC-l) and rOct1(rOat1-l), similar K(m) values for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(+) (MPP(+)) and tetraethylammonium(+) (TEA(+)) were obtained that were higher compared with rOct1 wild type.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
21896487-8	2011	For rOct1(6DeltaC-l) and rOct1(rOat1-l), similar K(m) values for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(+) (MPP(+)) and tetraethylammonium(+) (TEA(+)) were obtained that were higher compared with rOct1 wild type.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
21896487-8	2011	For rOct1(6DeltaC-l) and rOct1(rOat1-l), similar K(m) values for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(+) (MPP(+)) and tetraethylammonium(+) (TEA(+)) were obtained that were higher compared with rOct1 wild type.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	65-92	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
21615675-0	2011	DLP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation mediates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity in neurons: implications for Parkinson"s disease.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	52-79	dynamin 1 like	Homo sapiens	0-4
21697722-5	2011	Michaelis-Menten kinetics of OCT3-mediated uptake of prototypical OCT substrates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and metformin were studied in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably overexpressing OCT3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	81-108	OCTN3	Homo sapiens	29-33
21697722-5	2011	Michaelis-Menten kinetics of OCT3-mediated uptake of prototypical OCT substrates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and metformin were studied in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably overexpressing OCT3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	81-108	plexin A2	Homo sapiens	29-32
21697722-6	2011	The affinity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium for OCT3 was much higher (Km 157 +- 16 muM) than the affinity of metformin (Km 2.46 +- 0.36 mM; P < 0.01), whereas maximum transport rate of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium was significantly lower than that of metformin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	16-43	OCTN3	Homo sapiens	48-52
21697722-6	2011	The affinity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium for OCT3 was much higher (Km 157 +- 16 muM) than the affinity of metformin (Km 2.46 +- 0.36 mM; P < 0.01), whereas maximum transport rate of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium was significantly lower than that of metformin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	16-43	latexin	Homo sapiens	83-86
21697722-6	2011	The affinity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium for OCT3 was much higher (Km 157 +- 16 muM) than the affinity of metformin (Km 2.46 +- 0.36 mM; P < 0.01), whereas maximum transport rate of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium was significantly lower than that of metformin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	188-215	OCTN3	Homo sapiens	48-52
21741364-3	2011	Here, we show that in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, Epo and G-CSF efficiently repressed the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced expression of the proapoptotic protein PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	95-122	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
21741364-3	2011	Here, we show that in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, Epo and G-CSF efficiently repressed the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced expression of the proapoptotic protein PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	95-122	colony stimulating factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
21741364-3	2011	Here, we show that in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, Epo and G-CSF efficiently repressed the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced expression of the proapoptotic protein PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	95-122	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	185-188
21781996-2	2011	In this study, the neuroprotective properties of VEGF on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity in primary cerebellar granule neurons were investigated.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	57-88	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	49-53
21667279-4	2011	In this study, we examined whether dopamine mediates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced toxicity in primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) neurons, an in vitro model of PD, and if so, whether the protective effects of COX-2 inhibitors on dopamine mediated MPP(+)-induced VM neurotoxicity and VM dopaminergic cell apoptosis result from the reduction of ROS.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	53-80	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	82-85
20883471-3	2011	However, the functional interaction of OCTs and MATE1 for uptake and transcellular transport of the oral antidiabetic drug metformin or of the cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) has not fully been characterized.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	150-177	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	48-53
21359964-11	2011	The OCT1- and OCTN2-expressing cells transported the canonical substrates, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) and carnitine, respectively.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-103	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
21359964-11	2011	The OCT1- and OCTN2-expressing cells transported the canonical substrates, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) and carnitine, respectively.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	75-103	solute carrier family 22 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
20592246-7	2010	Under both neutral (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 6.6) conditions, adenosine is transported by PMAT at an efficiency (V(max)/K(m)) at least 10-fold lower than that of the organic cation substrates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and serotonin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	190-217	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	88-92
21352099-7	2011	Both NNMT expression and 1-methylnicotinamide protected SH-SY5Y cells from the toxicity of the Complex I inhibitors MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) and rotenone by reversing their effects upon ATP synthesis, the ATP/ADP ratio, Complex I activity and the NDUFS3 subunit.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	122-153	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	5-9
21172413-9	2011	MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) (400muM) was used to induce cytotoxicity in NGF (nerve growth factor)-differentiated PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	23-50	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
21172413-9	2011	MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) (400muM) was used to induce cytotoxicity in NGF (nerve growth factor)-differentiated PC12 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	23-50	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-126
21130087-1	2011	One of the functions mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase, has been suggested to be neuroprotective since resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator, inhibits 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced cytotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	182-213	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	33-42
21130087-1	2011	One of the functions mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase, has been suggested to be neuroprotective since resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator, inhibits 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced cytotoxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	182-213	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
20868657-2	2010	Presently, we investigated whether an acute dose of parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) affects brain n-3 and n-6 PUFA content and expression of fatty acid metabolic enzymes cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain slices from C57Bl/6 mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)	Mus musculus	199-225
20868657-2	2010	Presently, we investigated whether an acute dose of parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) affects brain n-3 and n-6 PUFA content and expression of fatty acid metabolic enzymes cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain slices from C57Bl/6 mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)	Mus musculus	227-232
20868657-2	2010	Presently, we investigated whether an acute dose of parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) affects brain n-3 and n-6 PUFA content and expression of fatty acid metabolic enzymes cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain slices from C57Bl/6 mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	238-254
20868657-2	2010	Presently, we investigated whether an acute dose of parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) affects brain n-3 and n-6 PUFA content and expression of fatty acid metabolic enzymes cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain slices from C57Bl/6 mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	256-261
20963499-3	2010	In the present work, we studied the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-EP1 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	86-113	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-74
20963499-3	2010	In the present work, we studied the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-EP1 cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	86-113	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
21131360-6	2011	Cultured cell experiments revealed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress not only promoted phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) but also enhanced interaction between phosphorylated p38MAPK and ATF6alpha, leading to increment in transcriptional activator activity of ATF6alpha.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	139-175
21131360-6	2011	Cultured cell experiments revealed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress not only promoted phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) but also enhanced interaction between phosphorylated p38MAPK and ATF6alpha, leading to increment in transcriptional activator activity of ATF6alpha.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	177-184
21131360-6	2011	Cultured cell experiments revealed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress not only promoted phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) but also enhanced interaction between phosphorylated p38MAPK and ATF6alpha, leading to increment in transcriptional activator activity of ATF6alpha.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	239-246
21131360-6	2011	Cultured cell experiments revealed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress not only promoted phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) but also enhanced interaction between phosphorylated p38MAPK and ATF6alpha, leading to increment in transcriptional activator activity of ATF6alpha.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	activating transcription factor 6	Mus musculus	251-260
21131360-6	2011	Cultured cell experiments revealed that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress not only promoted phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) but also enhanced interaction between phosphorylated p38MAPK and ATF6alpha, leading to increment in transcriptional activator activity of ATF6alpha.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	40-67	activating transcription factor 6	Mus musculus	324-333
19368990-4	2011	In our study, we injected 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) into unilateral substantia nigra (SN) which induced ipsilateral endogenous fractalkine expression on neuron and observe the increase of CX3CR1 expression in response to MPP(+) by Western blotting analysis.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	26-53	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-149
19368990-4	2011	In our study, we injected 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) into unilateral substantia nigra (SN) which induced ipsilateral endogenous fractalkine expression on neuron and observe the increase of CX3CR1 expression in response to MPP(+) by Western blotting analysis.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	26-53	C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-205
21091473-5	2011	Applied angiogenin protects against the cell death induced by the neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and rotenone and reduces the activation of caspase 3.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	78-105	angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5	Mus musculus	8-18
20615459-0	2010	Aquaporin-4 knockout enhances astrocyte toxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion and lipopolysaccharide via increasing the expression of cytochrome P4502E1.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	60-91	aquaporin 4	Homo sapiens	0-11
20615462-0	2010	Fibroblast growth factor 9 upregulates heme oxygenase-1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression to protect neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	129-156	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	0-26
20615462-0	2010	Fibroblast growth factor 9 upregulates heme oxygenase-1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression to protect neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	129-156	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	60-93
20615462-2	2010	Our previous studies found that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced nigral dopaminergic neuron death and was involved in the neuroprotection of the antioxidant melatonin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	32-58
20615462-2	2010	Our previous studies found that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced nigral dopaminergic neuron death and was involved in the neuroprotection of the antioxidant melatonin.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	76-103	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	60-64
20547144-4	2010	Cell cultures show that R492X PINK1 mutation induces the generation of cellular reactive oxidative species (ROS), degrades cell membrane potential, causes cytochrome C (Cyt.C) release from mitochondrial to cytoplasm, attenuates mitochondrial complex I activity, and lastly, causes changes in mitochondrial numbers and morphology; especially when cells are treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)).	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	369-400	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
20452332-0	2010	Meloxicam protects cell damage from 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium toxicity via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	36-64	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	82-111
20633628-3	2010	MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of Yi-Gan San on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine was measured in terms of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, caspase-3 activity, and western blot analysis of phosphorylated Akt, one of the survival-related signaling proteins in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-76	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	171-180
20633628-3	2010	MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of Yi-Gan San on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine was measured in terms of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, caspase-3 activity, and western blot analysis of phosphorylated Akt, one of the survival-related signaling proteins in SH-SY5Y cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	51-76	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	235-238
20633628-5	2010	RESULTS: Pretreatment of Yi-Gan San with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine showed a significant protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells and significantly decreased the level of caspase-3 activity compared to the values for the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-treated cells.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	41-66	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	164-173