PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
26016366-7	2014	RESULTS: Arecoline efficiently decreased atherosclerotic plaque areas, increased serum nitric oxide (NO) content, suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1, and modulated the IkappaB-alpha degradation and P65 phosphorylation in the aortae of ApoE-/- mice.	Arecoline	9-18	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	160-165
26016366-7	2014	RESULTS: Arecoline efficiently decreased atherosclerotic plaque areas, increased serum nitric oxide (NO) content, suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1, and modulated the IkappaB-alpha degradation and P65 phosphorylation in the aortae of ApoE-/- mice.	Arecoline	9-18	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	185-198
26016366-7	2014	RESULTS: Arecoline efficiently decreased atherosclerotic plaque areas, increased serum nitric oxide (NO) content, suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1, and modulated the IkappaB-alpha degradation and P65 phosphorylation in the aortae of ApoE-/- mice.	Arecoline	9-18	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	252-256
26016366-8	2014	Furthermore, arecoline promoted NO production and suppressed MCP-1 secretion in cultured RAECs after ox-LDL exposure, and either atropine or NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester could abrogate these effects.	Arecoline	13-22	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	61-66
25200553-0	2014	Arecoline induces TNF-alpha production and Zonula Occludens-1 redistribution in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	18-27
25200553-0	2014	Arecoline induces TNF-alpha production and Zonula Occludens-1 redistribution in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	43-61
25200553-6	2014	Arecoline decreased insoluble zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression in TM4 cells, however, arecoline treatment increased TNF-alpha production in both TM4 and monocytic THP1 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	30-48
25200553-6	2014	Arecoline decreased insoluble zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression in TM4 cells, however, arecoline treatment increased TNF-alpha production in both TM4 and monocytic THP1 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	50-54
25200553-6	2014	Arecoline decreased insoluble zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression in TM4 cells, however, arecoline treatment increased TNF-alpha production in both TM4 and monocytic THP1 cells.	Arecoline	98-107	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	128-137
25200553-7	2014	In addition, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 reversed arecoline effects on TNF-alpha and ZO-1.	Arecoline	47-56	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	13-19
25200553-7	2014	In addition, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 reversed arecoline effects on TNF-alpha and ZO-1.	Arecoline	47-56	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	68-77
25200553-7	2014	In addition, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 reversed arecoline effects on TNF-alpha and ZO-1.	Arecoline	47-56	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	82-86
25200553-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline increases the production of TNF-alpha and induces protein redistribution of ZO-1.	Arecoline	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	51-60
25200553-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline increases the production of TNF-alpha and induces protein redistribution of ZO-1.	Arecoline	13-22	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	99-103
25244782-5	2014	RESULTS: 1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats.	Arecoline	19-28	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
25056785-0	2014	Effects of arecoline on hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and oxidative stress.	Arecoline	11-20	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-47
25056785-2	2014	The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of arecoline on human hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in vitro and rat hepatic CYP enzymes, as well as the hepatic oxidative stress and liver injury of rats in vivo.	Arecoline	58-67	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	85-100
25056785-2	2014	The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of arecoline on human hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in vitro and rat hepatic CYP enzymes, as well as the hepatic oxidative stress and liver injury of rats in vivo.	Arecoline	58-67	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	102-105
24647969-6	2014	Furthermore, arecoline-induced HaCaT cell apoptosis was found to be associated with increased expression and activation of cleaved-Bid, cleaved-PARA and cleaved-caspase-3.	Arecoline	13-22	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	131-134
24695043-10	2014	Moreover, arecoline elevated CAIX expression in a dose-dependent manner in normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts.	Arecoline	10-19	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	29-33
25244782-5	2014	RESULTS: 1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats.	Arecoline	19-28	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
25244782-5	2014	RESULTS: 1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats.	Arecoline	19-28	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
25244782-5	2014	RESULTS: 1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats.	Arecoline	19-28	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-167
25244782-6	2014	1.5 mg/kg arecoline also could significantly increase CAR, PXR mRNA level and p-AKT and GLUT4 protein expression.	Arecoline	10-19	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
25244782-6	2014	1.5 mg/kg arecoline also could significantly increase CAR, PXR mRNA level and p-AKT and GLUT4 protein expression.	Arecoline	10-19	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
25244782-6	2014	1.5 mg/kg arecoline also could significantly increase CAR, PXR mRNA level and p-AKT and GLUT4 protein expression.	Arecoline	10-19	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
25244782-7	2014	CONCLUSION: Arecoline improved hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats by increasing the mRNA levels of CAR and PXR leading to the creased glucose metabolism and inflammation related genes expression.	Arecoline	12-21	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
25244782-7	2014	CONCLUSION: Arecoline improved hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats by increasing the mRNA levels of CAR and PXR leading to the creased glucose metabolism and inflammation related genes expression.	Arecoline	12-21	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
24757376-2	2014	The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues.	Arecoline	24-33	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	149-180
24400868-0	2014	Arecoline-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from human buccal mucosal fibroblasts is mediated by ZEB1.	Arecoline	0-9	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
24400868-4	2014	Therefore, we investigated the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which is a well-known transcriptional factor in EMT, in OSF tissues and its role in arecoline-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from BMFs.	Arecoline	174-183	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	45-81
24400868-4	2014	Therefore, we investigated the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which is a well-known transcriptional factor in EMT, in OSF tissues and its role in arecoline-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from BMFs.	Arecoline	174-183	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
24400868-6	2014	With immunofluorescence analysis, arecoline induced the formation of alpha-SMA-positive stress fibres in BMFs expressing nuclear ZEB1.	Arecoline	34-43	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
24400868-8	2014	By chromatin immunoprecipitation, the binding of ZEB1 to the alpha-SMA promoter in BMFs was increased by arecoline.	Arecoline	105-114	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
24400868-9	2014	The promoter activity of alpha-SMA in BMFs was also induced by arecoline, while knockdown of ZEB1 abolished arecoline-induced alpha-SMA promoter activity and collagen contraction of BMFs.	Arecoline	108-117	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
24400868-10	2014	Long-term exposure of BMFs to arecoline induced the expression of fibrogenic genes and ZEB1.	Arecoline	30-39	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
24400868-12	2014	Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 could suppress arecoline-induced ZEB1 activation in BMFs.	Arecoline	67-76	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
24757376-2	2014	The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues.	Arecoline	24-33	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	182-185
24757376-2	2014	The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues.	Arecoline	24-33	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	256-281
24757376-2	2014	The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues.	Arecoline	24-33	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	283-286
24757376-2	2014	The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues.	Arecoline	24-33	catalase	Mus musculus	320-328
24757376-2	2014	The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues.	Arecoline	24-33	catalase	Mus musculus	330-333
24304567-5	2013	Arecoline, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly decreased IL-2 and PGE2 secretion by Jurkat cells incubated with 0 or 5 mug/ml 5 mug/ml PHA.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	63-67
24658613-0	2014	Betel chewing and arecoline affects eotaxin-1, asthma and lung function.	Arecoline	18-27	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	36-45
24658613-9	2014	However, in the presence of IL-4 and TNF-alpha, arecoline at 100 mug/ml induced more eotaxin-1 release than arecoline at 0 mug/ml (2700+-98 pg/ml vs 1850+-142 pg/ml, p = 0.01 in dermal fibroblast cells, and 1489+-78 pg/ml vs 1044+-95 pg/ml, p = 0.03 in gingival fibroblast cells, respectively).	Arecoline	48-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
24658613-9	2014	However, in the presence of IL-4 and TNF-alpha, arecoline at 100 mug/ml induced more eotaxin-1 release than arecoline at 0 mug/ml (2700+-98 pg/ml vs 1850+-142 pg/ml, p = 0.01 in dermal fibroblast cells, and 1489+-78 pg/ml vs 1044+-95 pg/ml, p = 0.03 in gingival fibroblast cells, respectively).	Arecoline	48-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	85-94
24658613-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Betel chewing is associated with asthma in this population, with arecoline induction of eotaxin-1 supported as a plausible causal pathway.	Arecoline	77-86	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	100-109
24512263-2	2014	Globally, betel nut is the fourth main psychotropic substance containing a stimulant, arecoline, that has a similar effect to nicotine.	Arecoline	86-95	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	16-19
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	290-296
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	301-304
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	335-345
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	387-396
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	caspase 6	Rattus norvegicus	398-407
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	412-415
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	Fas ligand	Rattus norvegicus	232-237
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	242-251
24654541-7	2013	These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors.	Arecoline	61-70	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	283-288
24304567-0	2013	Arecoline inhibits interleukin-2 secretion in Jurkat cells by decreasing the expression of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and prostaglandin E2.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	19-32
24304567-7	2013	In addition, reduced expression of PHA-induced ERK phosphorylation was observed in Jurkat cells treated with arecoline.	Arecoline	109-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
24304567-8	2013	PHA-enhanced IL-2 mRNA expression was also inhibited by arecoline.	Arecoline	56-65	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
24304567-9	2013	These results imply that arecoline inhibits the release of PGE2 and PHA-induced IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells and that these effects seem to occur, at least in part, either through the attenuation of ERK in conjunction with a decrease of PHA-induced IL-2 mRNA expression.	Arecoline	25-34	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
24304567-9	2013	These results imply that arecoline inhibits the release of PGE2 and PHA-induced IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells and that these effects seem to occur, at least in part, either through the attenuation of ERK in conjunction with a decrease of PHA-induced IL-2 mRNA expression.	Arecoline	25-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	201-204
24304567-9	2013	These results imply that arecoline inhibits the release of PGE2 and PHA-induced IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells and that these effects seem to occur, at least in part, either through the attenuation of ERK in conjunction with a decrease of PHA-induced IL-2 mRNA expression.	Arecoline	25-34	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	251-255
24304567-10	2013	These results imply that arecoline inhibits the protein expression of alpha7-nAChRs , the release of PGE2 and PHA-induced IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells.	Arecoline	25-34	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
23163860-6	2013	ELISA analyses demonstrated that NAC and PD98059 reduced about 43% and 38% of the arecoline-induced PlGF protein secretion, respectively.	Arecoline	82-91	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	33-36
22965839-0	2013	Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 expression in human buccal fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline.	Arecoline	99-108	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	14-43
22965839-6	2013	Arecoline was found to elevate PAR-1 expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (p < .05).	Arecoline	0-9	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	31-36
22965839-7	2013	The addition of NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059 markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression (p < .05).	Arecoline	87-96	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	16-19
22965839-7	2013	The addition of NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059 markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression (p < .05).	Arecoline	87-96	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	105-110
22965839-9	2013	Arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression was downregulated by NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059.	Arecoline	0-9	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	18-23
22965839-9	2013	Arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression was downregulated by NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059.	Arecoline	0-9	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	56-59
23874481-3	2013	Therefore, we hypothesize that the major areca nut alkaloid arecoline may induce Snail via ROS and involve in the pathogenesis of areca quid chewing-associated OSCC.	Arecoline	60-69	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
23874481-10	2013	Arecoline was also found to induced Snail expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
23874481-11	2013	Treatment with NAC, curcumin, and EGCG markedly inhibited arecoline induced Snail expression (p<0.05).	Arecoline	58-67	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
23874481-13	2013	Arecoline-upregulated Snail expression may be mediated by ROS generation.	Arecoline	0-9	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
23874481-14	2013	In addition, arecoline induced Snail expression was downregulated by NAC, curcumin, and EGCG.	Arecoline	13-22	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
23163860-0	2013	Arecoline-stimulated placenta growth factor production in gingival epithelial cells: modulation by curcumin.	Arecoline	0-9	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	21-43
23163860-2	2013	MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting to study the arecoline-stimulated (PlGF) protein or mRNA expression in human gingival epithelial S-G cells.	Arecoline	120-129	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	142-146
23163860-3	2013	RESULTS: Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid and an oral carcinogen, could stimulate PlGF protein synthesis in S-G cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Arecoline	9-18	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	87-91
23278137-0	2013	The expression of O(6) -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in human oral keratinocytes stimulated with arecoline.	Arecoline	104-113	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	18-59
23278137-9	2013	Arecoline was found to elevate MGMT expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Arecoline	0-9	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	31-35
23278137-10	2013	The addition of nicotine was found to enhance arecoline-induced MGMT expression.	Arecoline	46-55	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	64-68
23278137-12	2013	MGMT expression was significantly upregulated by arecoline in HOKs.	Arecoline	49-58	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
23278137-13	2013	Nicotine has a synergistic effect of arecoline-induced MGMT expression.	Arecoline	37-46	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	55-59
23163860-4	2013	The levels of PlGF protein secretion increased about 3.1- and 3.8-fold after 24-h exposure to 0.4 and 0.8 mM arecoline, respectively.	Arecoline	109-118	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	14-18
23163860-6	2013	ELISA analyses demonstrated that NAC and PD98059 reduced about 43% and 38% of the arecoline-induced PlGF protein secretion, respectively.	Arecoline	82-91	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	100-104
23163860-8	2013	Moreover, 10 muM curcumin and 4 mM NAC significantly inhibited arecoline-induced ERK activation.	Arecoline	63-72	latexin	Homo sapiens	13-16
23163860-8	2013	Moreover, 10 muM curcumin and 4 mM NAC significantly inhibited arecoline-induced ERK activation.	Arecoline	63-72	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	35-38
23163860-8	2013	Moreover, 10 muM curcumin and 4 mM NAC significantly inhibited arecoline-induced ERK activation.	Arecoline	63-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
23163860-9	2013	Furthermore, 10 muM curcumin completely blocked arecoline-induced PlGF mRNA expression.	Arecoline	48-57	latexin	Homo sapiens	16-19
23163860-9	2013	Furthermore, 10 muM curcumin completely blocked arecoline-induced PlGF mRNA expression.	Arecoline	48-57	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	66-70
23163860-10	2013	CONCLUSION: Arecoline-induced PlGF synthesis is probably mediated by reactive oxygen species/ERK pathways, and curcumin may be an useful agent in controlling oral carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	12-21	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	30-34
23163860-10	2013	CONCLUSION: Arecoline-induced PlGF synthesis is probably mediated by reactive oxygen species/ERK pathways, and curcumin may be an useful agent in controlling oral carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	12-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
23525646-10	2013	In the HaCaT epithelial cells, arecoline downregulated expression of the G1/S phase regulatory proteins cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2, E2F1 as determined by reverse transcription-PCR analysis and western blotting.	Arecoline	31-40	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	104-113
23525646-10	2013	In the HaCaT epithelial cells, arecoline downregulated expression of the G1/S phase regulatory proteins cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2, E2F1 as determined by reverse transcription-PCR analysis and western blotting.	Arecoline	31-40	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	115-119
23525646-10	2013	In the HaCaT epithelial cells, arecoline downregulated expression of the G1/S phase regulatory proteins cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2, E2F1 as determined by reverse transcription-PCR analysis and western blotting.	Arecoline	31-40	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
23525646-10	2013	In the HaCaT epithelial cells, arecoline downregulated expression of the G1/S phase regulatory proteins cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2, E2F1 as determined by reverse transcription-PCR analysis and western blotting.	Arecoline	31-40	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
23488788-4	2013	We investigated whether the H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1), which is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, accepts arecaidine, arecoline, isoguvacine and other derivatives as substrates.	Arecoline	150-159	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
23488788-4	2013	We investigated whether the H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1), which is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, accepts arecaidine, arecoline, isoguvacine and other derivatives as substrates.	Arecoline	150-159	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	71-78
23154239-11	2013	Arecoline (10 mumol/L) pretreatment increased ChemR23 protein expression as well as mRNA expression, and enhanced the secretion of chemerin.	Arecoline	0-9	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
23154239-13	2013	Furthermore, the modulation of arecoline on chemerin/ChemR23 signaling axis was absolutely abolished in the presence of the nonselective muscarinic receptors antagonist atropine 1 mumol/L.	Arecoline	31-40	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-52
22490108-5	2012	The normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were challenged with arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, by Western blot for HSP27.	Arecoline	64-73	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
22796562-0	2012	Assessment of the mutagenic potential of arecoline in gpt delta transgenic mice.	Arecoline	41-50	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	54-57
22796562-12	2012	These results suggest that arecoline poses a mutagenic hazard in the oral tissues of gpt delta transgenic mice.	Arecoline	27-36	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	85-88
22847137-0	2012	Arecoline inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by reducing STAT3 phosphorylation.	Arecoline	0-9	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	75-80
22847137-7	2012	Morphometric measurements of myotube formation and analyses of myogenic markers, myosin heavy chain and myogenin, revealed that myogenic differentiation was inhibited by 0.04-0.08 mM arecoline.	Arecoline	183-192	myogenin	Mus musculus	104-112
22847137-8	2012	Moreover, phosphorylated but not total STAT3 was significantly inhibited by arecoline during myotube formation.	Arecoline	76-85	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	39-44
22847137-9	2012	These results indicate that arecoline inhibits the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells by reducing the activation of STAT3, an upstream regulator of myogenesis.	Arecoline	28-37	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	121-126
23019161-4	2012	First, bovine serum albumin was used to predict and confirm the binding sites of proteins modified by arecoline or arecaidine.	Arecoline	102-111	albumin	Homo sapiens	14-27
29403766-3	2012	Under the optimal conditions, arecoline was rapidly separated and detected in 1 min with good linearity over the concentration range of 20-1500 muM (r2=0.9991) and the detection limit of 5 muM (S/N=3).	Arecoline	30-39	latexin	Homo sapiens	144-147
29403766-3	2012	Under the optimal conditions, arecoline was rapidly separated and detected in 1 min with good linearity over the concentration range of 20-1500 muM (r2=0.9991) and the detection limit of 5 muM (S/N=3).	Arecoline	30-39	latexin	Homo sapiens	189-192
22490108-8	2012	Arecoline was found to elevate HSP27 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
22490108-9	2012	The additions of pharmacological agents were found to inhibit arecoline-induced HSP27 expression (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	62-71	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
22490108-11	2012	Arecoline-induced HSP27 expression was downregulated by EGCG, NS398, NAC, quercetin, PD98059, and SB203580.	Arecoline	0-9	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
22490108-11	2012	Arecoline-induced HSP27 expression was downregulated by EGCG, NS398, NAC, quercetin, PD98059, and SB203580.	Arecoline	0-9	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	69-72
22820911-0	2012	Arecoline improves vascular endothelial function in high fructose-fed rats via increasing cystathionine-gamma-lyase expression and activating K(ATP) channels.	Arecoline	0-9	cystathionine gamma-lyase	Rattus norvegicus	90-115
22820911-12	2012	CONCLUSION: Arecoline treatment improves ACh-induced EDVR in high fructose-fed rats, and the potential mechanism of action might be associated with increase of CSE expression and activation of K(ATP) channels by arecoline.	Arecoline	12-21	cystathionine gamma-lyase	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
21521428-2	2012	One of the major ingredients of BQ, arecoline, is known to affect the expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A).	Arecoline	36-45	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	84-103
21521428-2	2012	One of the major ingredients of BQ, arecoline, is known to affect the expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A).	Arecoline	36-45	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	105-110
21521428-6	2012	Our results indicate that arecoline and ANE inhibit MAO-A expression both in vitro and in vivo.	Arecoline	26-35	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	52-57
21521428-9	2012	MAO-A expression was significantly downregulated by arecoline and ANE at 100-200 microg/ml and in rat whole brains on days 30 and 45.	Arecoline	52-61	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
22469187-4	2012	Furthermore, when treated with arecoline, elevated levels of p21 and p27 could be downregulated through the reactive oxygen species/mTOR complex 1 (ROS/mTORC1) pathway.	Arecoline	31-40	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	152-158
22469187-5	2012	Although arecoline decreased the activity of mTORC1, the amounts of autophagosome-like vacuoles or type II LC3 remained unchanged, suggesting that the downregulation of p21 and p27 was independent of autophagy-mediated protein destruction.	Arecoline	9-18	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	45-51
22613533-5	2012	RESULTS: Arecoline decreased the amplitude and the density of the I(hERG) in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) = 9.55 mmol/L).	Arecoline	9-18	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	68-72
21809341-0	2012	Arecoline-induced death of human leukemia K562 cells is associated with surface up-modulation of TNFR2.	Arecoline	0-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	97-102
21809341-1	2012	The goal of the present study is to explore the contribution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-related pathway to the cytotoxicity of arecoline on human leukemia K562 cells.	Arecoline	142-151	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-91
21809341-1	2012	The goal of the present study is to explore the contribution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-related pathway to the cytotoxicity of arecoline on human leukemia K562 cells.	Arecoline	142-151	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	93-101
21809341-2	2012	Arecoline treatment induced death of K562 cells and increased surface expression of TNFalpha, TNFR1, and TNFR2.	Arecoline	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	84-92
21809341-2	2012	Arecoline treatment induced death of K562 cells and increased surface expression of TNFalpha, TNFR1, and TNFR2.	Arecoline	0-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	94-99
21809341-2	2012	Arecoline treatment induced death of K562 cells and increased surface expression of TNFalpha, TNFR1, and TNFR2.	Arecoline	0-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	105-110
21809341-3	2012	Unlike that of TNFR1 mRNA, transcriptional levels of TNFalpha and TNFR2 mRNA increased in arecoline-treated cells.	Arecoline	90-99	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	53-61
21809341-3	2012	Unlike that of TNFR1 mRNA, transcriptional levels of TNFalpha and TNFR2 mRNA increased in arecoline-treated cells.	Arecoline	90-99	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	66-71
21809341-4	2012	Moreover, arecoline-induced down-regulation of ADAM17 maturation was involved in surface up-modulation of TNFR1, TNFR2, and TNFalpha.	Arecoline	10-19	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	47-53
21809341-4	2012	Moreover, arecoline-induced down-regulation of ADAM17 maturation was involved in surface up-modulation of TNFR1, TNFR2, and TNFalpha.	Arecoline	10-19	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	106-111
21809341-4	2012	Moreover, arecoline-induced down-regulation of ADAM17 maturation was involved in surface up-modulation of TNFR1, TNFR2, and TNFalpha.	Arecoline	10-19	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	113-118
21809341-4	2012	Moreover, arecoline-induced down-regulation of ADAM17 maturation was involved in surface up-modulation of TNFR1, TNFR2, and TNFalpha.	Arecoline	10-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	124-132
21809341-5	2012	Arecoline-elicited increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was responsible for JNK/c-Jun pathway activation and ERK inactivation.	Arecoline	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	86-89
21809341-5	2012	Arecoline-elicited increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was responsible for JNK/c-Jun pathway activation and ERK inactivation.	Arecoline	0-9	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
21809341-5	2012	Arecoline-elicited increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was responsible for JNK/c-Jun pathway activation and ERK inactivation.	Arecoline	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
21809341-6	2012	Abolition of JNK/c-Jun pathway suppressed arecoline-induced increase in transcriptional level of TNFalpha and TNFR2 mRNA.	Arecoline	42-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	13-16
21809341-6	2012	Abolition of JNK/c-Jun pathway suppressed arecoline-induced increase in transcriptional level of TNFalpha and TNFR2 mRNA.	Arecoline	42-51	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
21809341-6	2012	Abolition of JNK/c-Jun pathway suppressed arecoline-induced increase in transcriptional level of TNFalpha and TNFR2 mRNA.	Arecoline	42-51	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-105
21809341-6	2012	Abolition of JNK/c-Jun pathway suppressed arecoline-induced increase in transcriptional level of TNFalpha and TNFR2 mRNA.	Arecoline	42-51	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	110-115
21809341-7	2012	TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitating analyses revealed that c-Jun increasingly bound with TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter upon arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	168-177	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-8
21809341-7	2012	TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitating analyses revealed that c-Jun increasingly bound with TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter upon arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	168-177	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	13-18
21809341-7	2012	TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitating analyses revealed that c-Jun increasingly bound with TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter upon arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	168-177	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
21809341-7	2012	TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitating analyses revealed that c-Jun increasingly bound with TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter upon arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	168-177	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	135-143
21809341-7	2012	TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitating analyses revealed that c-Jun increasingly bound with TNFalpha and TNFR2 promoter upon arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	168-177	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	148-153
21809341-8	2012	Over-expression of constitutively active MEK1 abolished the effect of arecoline on suppressing ADAM17 maturation.	Arecoline	70-79	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
21809341-8	2012	Over-expression of constitutively active MEK1 abolished the effect of arecoline on suppressing ADAM17 maturation.	Arecoline	70-79	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	95-101
21809341-9	2012	Pretreatment with TNFR2 antibody abrogated arecoline-induced increased susceptibility of K562 cells for the cytotoxicity of TNFalpha and arecoline-induced cell death.	Arecoline	43-52	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	18-23
21809341-9	2012	Pretreatment with TNFR2 antibody abrogated arecoline-induced increased susceptibility of K562 cells for the cytotoxicity of TNFalpha and arecoline-induced cell death.	Arecoline	43-52	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	124-132
21809341-9	2012	Pretreatment with TNFR2 antibody abrogated arecoline-induced increased susceptibility of K562 cells for the cytotoxicity of TNFalpha and arecoline-induced cell death.	Arecoline	137-146	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	18-23
21809341-10	2012	Taken together, our data suggest that up-modulation of TNFR2 surface expression is associated with arecoline-induced death of K562 cells.	Arecoline	99-108	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	55-60
22526207-0	2012	beta-catenin expression in areca quid chewing-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas and upregulated by arecoline in human oral epithelial cells.	Arecoline	106-115	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
22526207-8	2012	Arecoline was found to elevate beta-catenin expression in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-43
22526207-9	2012	The addition of PD98059, NAC, herbimycin-A, SB203580, and LY294002 markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced beta-catenin expression (p < 0.05).	Arecoline	90-99	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	108-120
22526207-12	2012	In addition, beta-catenin expression induced by arecoline is downregulated by PD98059, NAC, herbimycin-A, SB203580, and LY294002.	Arecoline	48-57	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	13-25
22613533-9	2012	Studies of gating mechanism showed that the steady-state activation curve of I(hERG) was significantly negatively shifted by arecoline.	Arecoline	125-134	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	79-83
22613533-12	2012	Furthermore, the inhibition of I(hERG) by arecoline was characterized markedly by a frequency-dependent manner from 0.03 to 1.00 Hz pulse.	Arecoline	42-51	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	33-37
22613533-13	2012	CONCLUSION: Arecoline could potently block I(hERG) in both frequency and state-dependent manner.	Arecoline	12-21	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	45-49
22108589-0	2012	Arecoline decreases interleukin-6 production and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human basal cell carcinoma cells.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-33
22108589-1	2012	Arecoline, the most abundant areca alkaloid, has been reported to decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in epithelial cancer cells.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	75-88
22108589-1	2012	Arecoline, the most abundant areca alkaloid, has been reported to decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in epithelial cancer cells.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	90-94
22108589-2	2012	Since IL-6 overexpression contributes to the tumorigenic potency of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), this study was designed to investigate whether arecoline altered IL-6 expression and its downstream regulation of apoptosis and the cell cycle in cultured BCC-1/KMC cells.	Arecoline	143-152	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	161-165
22108589-2	2012	Since IL-6 overexpression contributes to the tumorigenic potency of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), this study was designed to investigate whether arecoline altered IL-6 expression and its downstream regulation of apoptosis and the cell cycle in cultured BCC-1/KMC cells.	Arecoline	143-152	BCC1	Homo sapiens	251-256
22108589-4	2012	After 24h exposure, arecoline inhibited BCC-1/KMC cell growth and decreased IL-6 production in terms of mRNA expression and protein secretion, but had no effect on HaCaT cells.	Arecoline	20-29	BCC1	Homo sapiens	40-45
22108589-4	2012	After 24h exposure, arecoline inhibited BCC-1/KMC cell growth and decreased IL-6 production in terms of mRNA expression and protein secretion, but had no effect on HaCaT cells.	Arecoline	20-29	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	76-80
22108589-5	2012	Analysis of DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation showed that arecoline induced apoptosis of BCC-1/KMC cells in a dose-dependent manner, activated caspase-3, and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.	Arecoline	69-78	BCC1	Homo sapiens	100-105
22108589-5	2012	Analysis of DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation showed that arecoline induced apoptosis of BCC-1/KMC cells in a dose-dependent manner, activated caspase-3, and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.	Arecoline	69-78	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	154-163
22108589-5	2012	Analysis of DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation showed that arecoline induced apoptosis of BCC-1/KMC cells in a dose-dependent manner, activated caspase-3, and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.	Arecoline	69-78	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	220-225
22108589-6	2012	In addition, arecoline induced progressive and sustained accumulation of BCC-1/KMC cells in G2/M phase as a result of reducing checkpoint Cdc2 activity by decreasing Cdc25C phosphatase levels and increasing p53 levels.	Arecoline	13-22	BCC1	Homo sapiens	73-78
22108589-6	2012	In addition, arecoline induced progressive and sustained accumulation of BCC-1/KMC cells in G2/M phase as a result of reducing checkpoint Cdc2 activity by decreasing Cdc25C phosphatase levels and increasing p53 levels.	Arecoline	13-22	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
22108589-6	2012	In addition, arecoline induced progressive and sustained accumulation of BCC-1/KMC cells in G2/M phase as a result of reducing checkpoint Cdc2 activity by decreasing Cdc25C phosphatase levels and increasing p53 levels.	Arecoline	13-22	cell division cycle 25C	Homo sapiens	166-172
22108589-6	2012	In addition, arecoline induced progressive and sustained accumulation of BCC-1/KMC cells in G2/M phase as a result of reducing checkpoint Cdc2 activity by decreasing Cdc25C phosphatase levels and increasing p53 levels.	Arecoline	13-22	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	207-210
22108589-7	2012	Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of arecoline led to decreased BCC-1/KMC tumor growth in BALB/c mice by inducing apoptosis.	Arecoline	39-48	BCC1	Homo sapiens	66-71
22108589-8	2012	This study demonstrates that arecoline has potential for preventing BCC tumorigenesis by reducing levels of the tumor cell survival factor IL-6, increasing levels of the tumor suppressor factor p53, and eliciting cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis.	Arecoline	29-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	139-143
22108589-8	2012	This study demonstrates that arecoline has potential for preventing BCC tumorigenesis by reducing levels of the tumor cell survival factor IL-6, increasing levels of the tumor suppressor factor p53, and eliciting cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis.	Arecoline	29-38	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	194-197
22098243-1	2011	Effects of a single administration of cholinergic drugs (arecoline, atropine, nicotine, mecamylamine) on the activity of carboxypeptidase H and of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase, which are involved in metabolism of neuropeptides, were studied in brain parts and the adrenal glands of rats.	Arecoline	57-66	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	121-139
21786209-4	2011	Our aim was to clarify the influence of betel nut extract and arecoline on lipid accumulation and insulin signaling in adipocytes.	Arecoline	62-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
22493525-7	2012	Docking result indicated that Arecoline and Cholesterol both, have affinity towards extracellular domain of Human LDL receptor but affinity of Arecoline is much higher (-12.3560.)	Arecoline	30-39	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	114-126
22493525-7	2012	Docking result indicated that Arecoline and Cholesterol both, have affinity towards extracellular domain of Human LDL receptor but affinity of Arecoline is much higher (-12.3560.)	Arecoline	143-152	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	114-126
23284772-3	2012	Oral epithelium plays important roles in OSF, and arecoline has been shown to induce TGF-beta in epithelial cells.	Arecoline	50-59	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	85-93
23284772-10	2012	Also, SMAD-2 was phosphorylated following treatment of HaCaT cells by Catechin, Tannin and alkaloids namely Arecoline, Arecaidine and Guvacine.	Arecoline	108-117	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	6-12
21786209-7	2011	In addition, betel nut extract and arecoline increased the basal level of IRS-1 serine(307) phosphorylation and decreased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine, Akt, and PI3 kinase phosphorylation.	Arecoline	35-44	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
21786209-7	2011	In addition, betel nut extract and arecoline increased the basal level of IRS-1 serine(307) phosphorylation and decreased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine, Akt, and PI3 kinase phosphorylation.	Arecoline	35-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
21786209-7	2011	In addition, betel nut extract and arecoline increased the basal level of IRS-1 serine(307) phosphorylation and decreased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine, Akt, and PI3 kinase phosphorylation.	Arecoline	35-44	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	141-146
21786209-7	2011	In addition, betel nut extract and arecoline increased the basal level of IRS-1 serine(307) phosphorylation and decreased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine, Akt, and PI3 kinase phosphorylation.	Arecoline	35-44	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	157-160
21786209-8	2011	In conclusion, betel nut extract and arecoline have diabetogenic potential on adipocytes that may result in insulin resistance and diabetes at least in part via the obstruction of insulin signaling and the blockage of lipid storage.	Arecoline	37-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
21889036-10	2011	Inhibition of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by SP600125, p38 by SB 203580, or tyrosine kinase by genistein reduced arecoline-induced HO-1 expression.	Arecoline	115-124	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	14-37
21889036-10	2011	Inhibition of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by SP600125, p38 by SB 203580, or tyrosine kinase by genistein reduced arecoline-induced HO-1 expression.	Arecoline	115-124	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	39-42
21889036-10	2011	Inhibition of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by SP600125, p38 by SB 203580, or tyrosine kinase by genistein reduced arecoline-induced HO-1 expression.	Arecoline	115-124	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
23148176-8	2011	Arecoline significantly increased the translocation of GLUT4 via the PPAR(gamma) pathway, whereas berberine and vanillic acid did this via the AMPK-dependent pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
23148176-8	2011	Arecoline significantly increased the translocation of GLUT4 via the PPAR(gamma) pathway, whereas berberine and vanillic acid did this via the AMPK-dependent pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-80
20604955-0	2010	Arecoline induced disruption of expression and localization of the tight junctional protein ZO-1 is dependent on the HER 2 expression in human endometrial Ishikawa cells.	Arecoline	0-9	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
21198874-0	2011	Heat shock protein 47 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and upregulated by arecoline in human oral epithelial cells.	Arecoline	85-94	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
21198874-10	2011	Arecoline was found to elevate HSP47 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
21198874-11	2011	The addition of NAC, PD98059, LY294002, NS398, and herbimycin A markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced HSP47 expression (P<0.05).	Arecoline	87-96	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	16-19
21198874-11	2011	The addition of NAC, PD98059, LY294002, NS398, and herbimycin A markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced HSP47 expression (P<0.05).	Arecoline	87-96	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
21198874-14	2011	In addition, arecoline-induced HSP47 expression was downregulated by NAC, PD98059, LY294002, NS398, and herbimycin A.	Arecoline	13-22	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
21198874-14	2011	In addition, arecoline-induced HSP47 expression was downregulated by NAC, PD98059, LY294002, NS398, and herbimycin A.	Arecoline	13-22	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	69-72
21297082-3	2011	Exposure of BEAS-2B and HBE to ANE, sANE, and arecoline increased interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted (RANTES) production.	Arecoline	46-55	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	66-79
21297082-3	2011	Exposure of BEAS-2B and HBE to ANE, sANE, and arecoline increased interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted (RANTES) production.	Arecoline	46-55	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	81-85
21297082-3	2011	Exposure of BEAS-2B and HBE to ANE, sANE, and arecoline increased interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted (RANTES) production.	Arecoline	46-55	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	91-155
21297082-3	2011	Exposure of BEAS-2B and HBE to ANE, sANE, and arecoline increased interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted (RANTES) production.	Arecoline	46-55	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	157-163
21317023-0	2011	Arecoline stimulated Cyr61 production in human gingival epithelial cells: inhibition by lovastatin.	Arecoline	0-9	cellular communication network factor 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
21317023-4	2011	In this study, we show that arecoline, a main alkaloid found in AN, stimulated Cyr61 synthesis in human gingival epithelial S-G cells.	Arecoline	28-37	cellular communication network factor 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
21317023-6	2011	ERK inhibitor PD98059, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) selective inhibitor Y-27632 and a geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor reduced the arecoline-stimulated levels of Cyr61 protein by ~31%, 47%, 65% and 100%, respectively.	Arecoline	163-172	cellular communication network factor 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
21317023-7	2011	Lovastatin also completely inhibited arecoline-induced Cyr61 synthesis and the inhibition is dose-dependent.	Arecoline	37-46	cellular communication network factor 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
20724125-8	2011	Eugenol and arecoline significantly increase the expressions of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) genes, but not the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.	Arecoline	12-21	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	68-94
20724125-8	2011	Eugenol and arecoline significantly increase the expressions of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) genes, but not the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.	Arecoline	12-21	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
20686114-7	2010	Arecoline increased both parameters in brain regions of iPLA(2)beta(+/+) mice but quantitatively less so in iPLA(2)beta(-/-) and iPLA(2)beta(+/-) mice.	Arecoline	0-9	phospholipase A2, group VI	Mus musculus	56-67
20846156-8	2010	Arecoline was found to elevate HIF-1alpha expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	31-41
20846156-9	2010	The addition of NAC, curcumin, PD98059, and staurosporine markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced HIF-1alpha expression (P<0.05).	Arecoline	81-90	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	99-109
20846156-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha expression is significantly upregulated in areca quid chewing-associated OSCC and HIF-1alpha expression induced by arecoline is downregulated by NAC, curcumin, PD98059, and staurosporine.	Arecoline	160-169	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	127-137
20604955-0	2010	Arecoline induced disruption of expression and localization of the tight junctional protein ZO-1 is dependent on the HER 2 expression in human endometrial Ishikawa cells.	Arecoline	0-9	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
20604955-6	2010	RESULTS: Using the human Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line, we investigated the effects of arecoline on expression, localization and functional connections between the ZO-1 tight junction protein and the HER2 EGF receptor family member.	Arecoline	95-104	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	172-176
20604955-7	2010	Treatment of Ishikawa cells with arecoline coordinately down-regulated expression of both ZO-1 and HER2 protein and transcripts in a dose dependent manner.	Arecoline	33-42	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
20604955-7	2010	Treatment of Ishikawa cells with arecoline coordinately down-regulated expression of both ZO-1 and HER2 protein and transcripts in a dose dependent manner.	Arecoline	33-42	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
20604955-8	2010	Biochemical fractionation of cells as well as indirect immunofluorescence revealed that arecoline disrupted the localization of ZO-1 to the junctional complex at the cell periphery.	Arecoline	88-97	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
20604955-9	2010	Compared to control transfected cells, ectopic expression of exogenous HER2 prevented the arecoline mediated down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and restored the localization of ZO-1 to the cell periphery.	Arecoline	90-99	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	71-75
20604955-9	2010	Compared to control transfected cells, ectopic expression of exogenous HER2 prevented the arecoline mediated down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and restored the localization of ZO-1 to the cell periphery.	Arecoline	90-99	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
20604955-10	2010	Furthermore, treatment with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid reported to up-regulate expression of HER2 in Ishikawa cells, precluded arecoline from down-regulating ZO-1 expression and disrupting ZO-1 localization.	Arecoline	142-151	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
20604955-10	2010	Furthermore, treatment with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid reported to up-regulate expression of HER2 in Ishikawa cells, precluded arecoline from down-regulating ZO-1 expression and disrupting ZO-1 localization.	Arecoline	142-151	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	173-177
20604955-10	2010	Furthermore, treatment with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid reported to up-regulate expression of HER2 in Ishikawa cells, precluded arecoline from down-regulating ZO-1 expression and disrupting ZO-1 localization.	Arecoline	142-151	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	204-208
20604955-12	2010	The arecoline down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and subcellular distribution suggests that arecoline potentially disrupts cell-cell interactions mediated by ZO-1, which may play a role in arecoline-mediated carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	4-13	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
20604955-12	2010	The arecoline down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and subcellular distribution suggests that arecoline potentially disrupts cell-cell interactions mediated by ZO-1, which may play a role in arecoline-mediated carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	4-13	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
20604955-12	2010	The arecoline down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and subcellular distribution suggests that arecoline potentially disrupts cell-cell interactions mediated by ZO-1, which may play a role in arecoline-mediated carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	92-101	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
20604955-12	2010	The arecoline down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and subcellular distribution suggests that arecoline potentially disrupts cell-cell interactions mediated by ZO-1, which may play a role in arecoline-mediated carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	92-101	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
20604955-12	2010	The arecoline down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and subcellular distribution suggests that arecoline potentially disrupts cell-cell interactions mediated by ZO-1, which may play a role in arecoline-mediated carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	92-101	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
20604955-12	2010	The arecoline down-regulation of ZO-1 expression and subcellular distribution suggests that arecoline potentially disrupts cell-cell interactions mediated by ZO-1, which may play a role in arecoline-mediated carcinogenesis.	Arecoline	92-101	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
19438976-5	2009	RESULTS: We observed the induction of transforming growth factor-beta2 by arecoline in HaCaT cells and this induction was found to be caused by activation of the M-3 muscarinic acid receptor via the induction of calcium and the protein kinase C pathway.	Arecoline	74-83	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	38-70
20507639-0	2010	Arecoline induces HA22T/VGH hepatoma cells to undergo anoikis - involvement of STAT3 and RhoA activation.	Arecoline	0-9	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	79-84
20507639-0	2010	Arecoline induces HA22T/VGH hepatoma cells to undergo anoikis - involvement of STAT3 and RhoA activation.	Arecoline	0-9	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	89-93
20507639-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed that, in basal cell carcinoma cells, arecoline reduces levels of the tumor cell survival factor interleukin-6 (IL-6), increases levels of tumor suppressor factor p53, and elicits cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis.	Arecoline	75-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	134-147
20507639-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed that, in basal cell carcinoma cells, arecoline reduces levels of the tumor cell survival factor interleukin-6 (IL-6), increases levels of tumor suppressor factor p53, and elicits cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis.	Arecoline	75-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	149-153
20507639-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed that, in basal cell carcinoma cells, arecoline reduces levels of the tumor cell survival factor interleukin-6 (IL-6), increases levels of tumor suppressor factor p53, and elicits cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis.	Arecoline	75-84	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	200-203
20507639-6	2010	RESULTS: A low concentration of arecoline (<or= 100 microg/ml) caused cytoskeletal changes in HA22T/VGH cells, but not hepatocytes, and this was accompanied by decreased beta1-integrin expression and followed by apoptosis, indicating that HA22T/VGH cells undergo anoikis after arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	32-41	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	173-187
20507639-8	2010	In addition, phosphorylation/activation of p190RhoGAP, a RhoA inhibitor, and of its upstream regulator, SHP2, was inhibited by arecoline treatment, while Rho/Rock activation was increased.	Arecoline	127-136	Rho GTPase activating protein 35	Homo sapiens	43-53
20507639-8	2010	In addition, phosphorylation/activation of p190RhoGAP, a RhoA inhibitor, and of its upstream regulator, SHP2, was inhibited by arecoline treatment, while Rho/Rock activation was increased.	Arecoline	127-136	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	57-61
20507639-8	2010	In addition, phosphorylation/activation of p190RhoGAP, a RhoA inhibitor, and of its upstream regulator, SHP2, was inhibited by arecoline treatment, while Rho/Rock activation was increased.	Arecoline	127-136	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	104-108
20507639-9	2010	Addition of the RhoA inhibitor attenuated the effects of arecoline.	Arecoline	57-66	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	16-20
20507639-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that arecoline induces anoikis of HA22T/VGH cells involving inhibition of STAT3 and increased RhoA/Rock activation and that the STAT3 and RhoA/Rock signaling pathways are connected.	Arecoline	42-51	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	111-116
20507639-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that arecoline induces anoikis of HA22T/VGH cells involving inhibition of STAT3 and increased RhoA/Rock activation and that the STAT3 and RhoA/Rock signaling pathways are connected.	Arecoline	42-51	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	131-135
20507639-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that arecoline induces anoikis of HA22T/VGH cells involving inhibition of STAT3 and increased RhoA/Rock activation and that the STAT3 and RhoA/Rock signaling pathways are connected.	Arecoline	42-51	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	175-179
20555412-8	2010	Nifedipine, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), and Ca2+-free Krebs solution with EGTA partly inhibited the effects of arecoline.	Arecoline	121-130	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
20555412-9	2010	The sum of Ca2+-free Krebs solution, EGTA, and 2-APB completely inhibited the effects of arecoline.	Arecoline	89-98	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
18922923-1	2008	Because the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated by arecoline in human gingival fibroblasts, as shown in our previous study, we further investigated the mRNA expression level of COX-2 and its upstream effectors in three oral epithelial carcinoma cell lines (KB, SAS, and Ca9-22) by using areca nut extract (ANE) and saliva-reacted ANE (sANE).	Arecoline	75-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	31-47
18668345-0	2008	Arecoline and the 30-100 kDa fraction of areca nut extract differentially regulate mTOR and respectively induce apoptosis and autophagy: a pilot study.	Arecoline	0-9	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	83-87
19364390-8	2009	Sublethal concentrations of arecoline upregulated the expression of the following stress-responsive genes: heme oxygenase-1; ferritin light chain; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; and glutathione reductase.	Arecoline	28-37	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	107-123
19364390-8	2009	Sublethal concentrations of arecoline upregulated the expression of the following stress-responsive genes: heme oxygenase-1; ferritin light chain; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; and glutathione reductase.	Arecoline	28-37	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	147-180
19364390-9	2009	Additionally, there was a dose-dependent induction of interleukin-1alfa mRNA by arecoline via oxidative stress and p38 MAPK activation.	Arecoline	80-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	115-118
19457704-0	2009	Arecoline-stimulated connective tissue growth factor production in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts: Modulation by curcumin.	Arecoline	0-9	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	21-52
19457704-4	2009	Western blot analysis showed that arecoline, a main alkaloid found in AN, stimulated CTGF synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in buccal mucosal fibroblasts.	Arecoline	34-43	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	85-89
19457704-7	2009	Furthermore, curcumin completely inhibited arecoline-induced CTGF synthesis and the inhibition is dose-dependent.	Arecoline	43-52	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
19457704-8	2009	These results indicated that arecoline-induced CTGF synthesis was mediated by ROS, NF-kappaB, JNK, P38 MAPK pathways and curcumin could be a useful agent in controlling OSF.	Arecoline	29-38	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
19343784-0	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM/ATR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
19343784-0	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM/ATR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
19343784-0	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM/ATR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
19343784-0	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM/ATR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
19343784-0	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM/ATR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
19343784-0	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM/ATR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	0-9	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	98-127
19343784-1	2009	Betel-quid use is associated with liver cancer whereas its constituent arecoline is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and induces p53-dependent p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells (rat hepatocytes).	Arecoline	71-80	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
19343784-1	2009	Betel-quid use is associated with liver cancer whereas its constituent arecoline is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and induces p53-dependent p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells (rat hepatocytes).	Arecoline	71-80	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
19343784-1	2009	Betel-quid use is associated with liver cancer whereas its constituent arecoline is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and induces p53-dependent p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells (rat hepatocytes).	Arecoline	71-80	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
19343784-3	2009	Thus, we studied the role of ATM/ATR and PI3K in arecoline-induced p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	49-58	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
19343784-3	2009	Thus, we studied the role of ATM/ATR and PI3K in arecoline-induced p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	49-58	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
19343784-3	2009	Thus, we studied the role of ATM/ATR and PI3K in arecoline-induced p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	49-58	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
19343784-3	2009	Thus, we studied the role of ATM/ATR and PI3K in arecoline-induced p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	49-58	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
19343784-3	2009	Thus, we studied the role of ATM/ATR and PI3K in arecoline-induced p53 and p21(WAF1) protein expression in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	49-58	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
19343784-4	2009	We found that arecoline (0.5 mM) activated the ATM/ATR kinase at 30 min.	Arecoline	14-23	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
19343784-4	2009	We found that arecoline (0.5 mM) activated the ATM/ATR kinase at 30 min.	Arecoline	14-23	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
19343784-5	2009	The arecoline-activated ATM/ATR substrate contained p-p53Ser15.	Arecoline	4-13	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
19343784-5	2009	The arecoline-activated ATM/ATR substrate contained p-p53Ser15.	Arecoline	4-13	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
19343784-6	2009	Moreover, arecoline only increased the levels of the p-p53Ser6, p-p53Ser15, and p-p53Ser392 phosphorylated p53 isoforms among the known isoforms.	Arecoline	10-19	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
19343784-7	2009	ATM shRNA attenuated arecoline-induced p-p53Ser15 and p21(WAF1) at 24 h. Arecoline (0.5 mM) increased phosphorylation levels of p-AktSer473 and p-mTORSer2448 at 30-60 min.	Arecoline	21-30	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
19343784-7	2009	ATM shRNA attenuated arecoline-induced p-p53Ser15 and p21(WAF1) at 24 h. Arecoline (0.5 mM) increased phosphorylation levels of p-AktSer473 and p-mTORSer2448 at 30-60 min.	Arecoline	21-30	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
19343784-7	2009	ATM shRNA attenuated arecoline-induced p-p53Ser15 and p21(WAF1) at 24 h. Arecoline (0.5 mM) increased phosphorylation levels of p-AktSer473 and p-mTORSer2448 at 30-60 min.	Arecoline	21-30	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
19343784-7	2009	ATM shRNA attenuated arecoline-induced p-p53Ser15 and p21(WAF1) at 24 h. Arecoline (0.5 mM) increased phosphorylation levels of p-AktSer473 and p-mTORSer2448 at 30-60 min.	Arecoline	73-82	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
19343784-7	2009	ATM shRNA attenuated arecoline-induced p-p53Ser15 and p21(WAF1) at 24 h. Arecoline (0.5 mM) increased phosphorylation levels of p-AktSer473 and p-mTORSer2448 at 30-60 min.	Arecoline	73-82	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
19343784-7	2009	ATM shRNA attenuated arecoline-induced p-p53Ser15 and p21(WAF1) at 24 h. Arecoline (0.5 mM) increased phosphorylation levels of p-AktSer473 and p-mTORSer2448 at 30-60 min.	Arecoline	73-82	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	43-52	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	43-52	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	43-52	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	43-52	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	43-52	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	43-52	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	43-52	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
19343784-8	2009	Dominant-negative PI3K plasmids attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1), but not p-p53Ser15, at 24 h. Rapamycin attenuated arecoline-induced phosphrylated p-p53Ser15, but not p21(WAF1), at 24 h. ATM shRNA, but not dominant-negative PI3K plasmids, attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	122-131	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
19343784-9	2009	We conclude that arecoline activates the ATM/ATR-p53-p21(WAF1) and the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p53 pathways in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	17-26	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
19343784-10	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p-p53Ser15 expression is dependent on ATM whereas arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM and PI3K.	Arecoline	0-9	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
19343784-10	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p-p53Ser15 expression is dependent on ATM whereas arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM and PI3K.	Arecoline	83-92	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
19343784-10	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p-p53Ser15 expression is dependent on ATM whereas arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM and PI3K.	Arecoline	83-92	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
19343784-10	2009	Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p-p53Ser15 expression is dependent on ATM whereas arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) protein expression is dependent on ATM and PI3K.	Arecoline	83-92	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
19343784-11	2009	Moreover, p21(WAF1) gene is transcriptionally induced by arecoline-activated ATM.	Arecoline	57-66	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
19343784-11	2009	Moreover, p21(WAF1) gene is transcriptionally induced by arecoline-activated ATM.	Arecoline	57-66	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
19343784-11	2009	Moreover, p21(WAF1) gene is transcriptionally induced by arecoline-activated ATM.	Arecoline	57-66	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
19388153-9	2009	Arecoline was also found to elevate HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
19388153-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data presented here demonstrated that HO-1 expression is significantly upregulated in OSF from areca quid chewers, and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced HO-1 expression in vivo.	Arecoline	152-161	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	198-202
19278990-0	2009	Transglutaminase-2 regulation by arecoline in gingival fibroblasts.	Arecoline	33-42	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	0-18
19278990-3	2009	Hence, we hypothesize that arecoline may regulate TGM-2 and may have a role in the pathogenesis of OSMF.	Arecoline	27-36	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
19278990-5	2009	Arecoline induced TGM-2 mRNA and protein expression as well as TGM-2 activity in human gingival fibroblast cells.	Arecoline	0-9	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
19278990-5	2009	Arecoline induced TGM-2 mRNA and protein expression as well as TGM-2 activity in human gingival fibroblast cells.	Arecoline	0-9	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	63-68
19278990-6	2009	The addition of methocramine hemihydrate (M-2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor selective antagonist) or 8"-bromo-cAMP abolished arecoline-mediated TGM-2 induction, suggesting a role for M-2 muscarinic acid receptor and a repressor role for cAMP.	Arecoline	129-138	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
19278990-7	2009	Our study provides evidence for TGM-2 overexpression in OSMF and its regulation by arecoline in oral fibroblasts.	Arecoline	83-92	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
18922923-1	2008	Because the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated by arecoline in human gingival fibroblasts, as shown in our previous study, we further investigated the mRNA expression level of COX-2 and its upstream effectors in three oral epithelial carcinoma cell lines (KB, SAS, and Ca9-22) by using areca nut extract (ANE) and saliva-reacted ANE (sANE).	Arecoline	75-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
18571622-6	2008	Esophageal carcinoma (CE81T/VGH) and OSCC (OECM-1) cell lines survived from the cytotoxic BQ extract (BQE) and arecoline selection process were found to express higher MMP-1 mRNA and protein levels, or to exhibit a significant acceleration of two-dimensional (2D) motility than their non-selected parental cells.	Arecoline	111-120	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	168-173
18234541-11	2008	Arecoline was found to elevate HSP70 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
18234541-12	2008	The addition of NAC, curcumin, PD98059, and staurosporine markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced HSP70 expression (p<0.05).	Arecoline	81-90	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
18234541-15	2008	In addition, arecoline-induced HSP70 expression was downregulated by NAC, curcumin, PD98059, and staurosporine.	Arecoline	13-22	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
18559981-7	2008	The stimulatory effect of arecoline on T release in vitro was enhanced by hCG (0.001 IU/ml), forskolin (10(-6) M), or 8-Br-cAMP (10(-5) M).	Arecoline	26-35	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	74-77
18559981-10	2008	These results suggested that arecoline stimulates testosterone production by acting directly on Leydig cells via mechanisms involving an activation of L-type calcium channels, increasing the activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and enhancing the expression of StAR.	Arecoline	29-38	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C12	Rattus norvegicus	203-238
18522222-0	2008	[Effect of arecholine and atropine administration on the carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase activities in the rat nervous tissue].	Arecoline	11-21	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	57-75
18492619-11	2008	In addition, arecoline was found to elevate HO-1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05).	Arecoline	13-22	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
18492619-13	2008	Moreover, addition of NAC markedly inhibited arecoline-induced HO-1 expression (p < 0.05).	Arecoline	45-54	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	22-25
18492619-13	2008	Moreover, addition of NAC markedly inhibited arecoline-induced HO-1 expression (p < 0.05).	Arecoline	45-54	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
18492619-14	2008	CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that HO-1 expression is significantly upregulated in OSCC from areca quid chewers, and arecoline may be responsible for enhanced HO-1 expression in vivo.	Arecoline	137-146	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
18492619-16	2008	The regulation of HO-1 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on intracellular GSH concentration.	Arecoline	45-54	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
18522222-1	2008	The effect of a single dose administration of arecholine and atropine on the activities of carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase involved into the final stage of formation of biologically active neuropeptides from precursors has been studied.	Arecoline	46-56	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	91-109
18522222-3	2008	These results suggest that one of possible mechanisms of reduction of neuropeptide levels by arecholine and atropine consists in suppression of activity of enzymes taking part in there metabolism--carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase.	Arecoline	93-103	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	197-215
17418620-11	2008	In addition, arecoline was found to elevate MT-1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05).	Arecoline	13-22	metallothionein 1I, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	44-48
17418620-12	2008	Furthermore, the addition of BaP enhanced the arecoline-induced MT-1 expression (p<0.05).	Arecoline	46-55	metallothionein 1I, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	64-68
17418620-13	2008	The addition of NAC markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced MT-1 expression (p<0.05).	Arecoline	43-52	metallothionein 1I, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	61-65
17418620-17	2008	The regulation of MT-1 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on the intracellular GSH concentration.	Arecoline	45-54	metallothionein 1I, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	18-22
17997002-11	2008	Moreover, arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) is dependent on p53 while arecoline-inhibited growth is dependent on both TGF-beta and p53.	Arecoline	64-73	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-120
17997002-11	2008	Moreover, arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) is dependent on p53 while arecoline-inhibited growth is dependent on both TGF-beta and p53.	Arecoline	64-73	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
17306610-0	2007	Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 by betel quid extract and arecoline and its role in 2D motility.	Arecoline	70-79	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	17-43
17997002-0	2008	Arecoline-induced growth arrest and p21WAF1 expression are dependent on p53 in rat hepatocytes.	Arecoline	0-9	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
17997002-5	2008	Arecoline dose-dependently (0.1-0.5mM) increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA, gene transcription and bioactivity and neutralizing TGF-beta antibody attenuated arecoline (0.5mM)-inhibited cell proliferation at 24h.	Arecoline	0-9	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-90
17997002-5	2008	Arecoline dose-dependently (0.1-0.5mM) increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA, gene transcription and bioactivity and neutralizing TGF-beta antibody attenuated arecoline (0.5mM)-inhibited cell proliferation at 24h.	Arecoline	179-188	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-158
17997002-6	2008	Arecoline (0.5mM) also increased p21(WAF1) protein expression and p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	0-9	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
17997002-6	2008	Arecoline (0.5mM) also increased p21(WAF1) protein expression and p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
17997002-6	2008	Arecoline (0.5mM) also increased p21(WAF1) protein expression and p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	0-9	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
17997002-6	2008	Arecoline (0.5mM) also increased p21(WAF1) protein expression and p21(WAF1) gene transcription.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
17997002-7	2008	Moreover, arecoline (0.5mM) time-dependently (8-24h) increased p53 serine 15 phosphorylation.	Arecoline	10-19	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
17997002-8	2008	Pifithrin-alpha (p53 inhibitor) and the loss of the two p53-binding elements in the p21(WAF1) gene promoter attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription at 24h.	Arecoline	119-128	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
17997002-8	2008	Pifithrin-alpha (p53 inhibitor) and the loss of the two p53-binding elements in the p21(WAF1) gene promoter attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription at 24h.	Arecoline	119-128	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
17997002-8	2008	Pifithrin-alpha (p53 inhibitor) and the loss of the two p53-binding elements in the p21(WAF1) gene promoter attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription at 24h.	Arecoline	119-128	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
17997002-8	2008	Pifithrin-alpha (p53 inhibitor) and the loss of the two p53-binding elements in the p21(WAF1) gene promoter attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription at 24h.	Arecoline	119-128	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
17997002-8	2008	Pifithrin-alpha (p53 inhibitor) and the loss of the two p53-binding elements in the p21(WAF1) gene promoter attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription at 24h.	Arecoline	119-128	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
17997002-8	2008	Pifithrin-alpha (p53 inhibitor) and the loss of the two p53-binding elements in the p21(WAF1) gene promoter attenuated arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) gene transcription at 24h.	Arecoline	119-128	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
17997002-10	2008	We concluded that arecoline induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage, G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, TGF-beta1, p21(WAF1) and activates p53 in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	18-27	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
17997002-10	2008	We concluded that arecoline induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage, G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, TGF-beta1, p21(WAF1) and activates p53 in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	18-27	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
17997002-10	2008	We concluded that arecoline induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage, G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, TGF-beta1, p21(WAF1) and activates p53 in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	18-27	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
17997002-10	2008	We concluded that arecoline induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage, G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, TGF-beta1, p21(WAF1) and activates p53 in Clone-9 cells.	Arecoline	18-27	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
17997002-11	2008	Moreover, arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) is dependent on p53 while arecoline-inhibited growth is dependent on both TGF-beta and p53.	Arecoline	10-19	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
17997002-11	2008	Moreover, arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) is dependent on p53 while arecoline-inhibited growth is dependent on both TGF-beta and p53.	Arecoline	10-19	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
17997002-11	2008	Moreover, arecoline-induced p21(WAF1) is dependent on p53 while arecoline-inhibited growth is dependent on both TGF-beta and p53.	Arecoline	10-19	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
18221324-8	2008	Arecoline was also found to elevate HSP47 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
18221324-9	2008	The amount of HSP47 was about 3.7-fold at a concentration level of 80 microg/ml arecoline when compared with control (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	80-89	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
18221324-10	2008	In addition, pre-treatment with pharmacologic agents markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced HSP47 mRNA expression (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	76-85	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
18221324-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, HSP47 is significantly upregulated in OSF from areca quid chewers and HSP47 expression induced by arecoline in fibroblasts may be mediated by MEK, PI3K, and COX-2 signal transduction pathways.	Arecoline	127-136	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
18221324-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, HSP47 is significantly upregulated in OSF from areca quid chewers and HSP47 expression induced by arecoline in fibroblasts may be mediated by MEK, PI3K, and COX-2 signal transduction pathways.	Arecoline	127-136	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	171-174
19125793-6	2008	In the mouse model induced by treatment with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and arecoline, increased cortactin was detected in the epithelia with hyperkeratosis, papillomas, and ESCCs with invasion into the submucosa, respectively.	Arecoline	74-83	cortactin	Mus musculus	95-104
17306610-6	2007	Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, was tested to dose-dependently up-regulate MMP-8 protein level.	Arecoline	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	87-92
17306610-7	2007	Moreover, both arecoline- (4.7-fold) and BQE-selected (5.5-fold) CE81T/VGH cells expressed higher MMP-8 protein level and exhibited enhanced two-dimensional (2D) motility (p=0.009 in both cells) than parental cells.	Arecoline	15-24	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	98-103
17306610-8	2007	The enhanced motility of arecoline- (p=0.006) and BQE-selected (p=0.002) cells was both specifically blocked by an anti-MMP-8 antibody.	Arecoline	25-34	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	120-125
17306610-10	2007	Furthermore, arecoline may be one of the positive MMP-8 regulators among BQ ingredients.	Arecoline	13-22	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	50-55
17707585-0	2007	Differential effect of arecoline on the endogenous dioxin-responsive cytochrome P450 1A1 and on a stably transfected dioxin-responsive element-driven reporter in human hepatoma cells.	Arecoline	23-32	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	69-88
17707585-3	2007	It was also shown that arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, inhibited the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activation in Huh-7 cells.	Arecoline	23-32	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	127-146
17707585-3	2007	It was also shown that arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, inhibited the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activation in Huh-7 cells.	Arecoline	23-32	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	148-154
17707585-5	2007	In the present study, the effect of arecoline on the TCDD-induced activation of DRE-CALUX and CYP1A1 enzyme in Huh7-DRE-Luc and Huh-7 cells, respectively, was examined.	Arecoline	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	94-100
17707585-5	2007	In the present study, the effect of arecoline on the TCDD-induced activation of DRE-CALUX and CYP1A1 enzyme in Huh7-DRE-Luc and Huh-7 cells, respectively, was examined.	Arecoline	36-45	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	111-115
17707585-6	2007	It was found that arecoline inhibited TCDD-induced CYP1A1 activation and however enhanced TCDD-induced DRE-CALUX activation.	Arecoline	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	51-57
17707585-7	2007	This finding indicates the differential effect of arecoline on the endogenous dioxin-responsive CYP1A1 and on a stably transfected DRE-driven reporter in human hepatoma cells.	Arecoline	50-59	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	96-102
17070095-9	2007	In addition, arecoline was also found to elevate cystatin C mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05).	Arecoline	13-22	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	49-59
17562170-1	2007	Cholinergic muscarinic receptors, when stimulated by arecoline, can activate cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) to release arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane phospholipid.	Arecoline	53-62	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Rattus norvegicus	77-114
17070095-10	2007	Taken together, the data demonstrate that cystatin C expression is significantly upregulated in OSF from areca quid chewers and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced cystatin C expression in vivo.	Arecoline	128-137	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	174-184
17234337-2	2007	We treated Huh-7 cells with 10nM TCDD in the presence of different concentrations of arecoline (50-300 microM).	Arecoline	85-94	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	11-16
17234337-3	2007	Our results indicated that arecoline attenuated the TCDD-induced CYP1A1 enzyme activation with an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation.	Arecoline	27-36	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	65-71
17234337-0	2007	Arecoline inhibits the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 activation in human hepatoma cells.	Arecoline	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	67-86
17234337-4	2007	By using real-time RT-PCR, we demonstrated that arecoline inhibited the TCDD-induced activations of CYP1A1 and AhR repressor (AhRR) mRNA expression in a similar pattern.	Arecoline	48-57	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	100-106
17234337-1	2007	In the present study, we investigated the effect of arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, on the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced activation of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in a human hepatoma cell line Huh-7.	Arecoline	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	183-189
17234337-4	2007	By using real-time RT-PCR, we demonstrated that arecoline inhibited the TCDD-induced activations of CYP1A1 and AhR repressor (AhRR) mRNA expression in a similar pattern.	Arecoline	48-57	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	111-124
17234337-1	2007	In the present study, we investigated the effect of arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, on the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced activation of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in a human hepatoma cell line Huh-7.	Arecoline	52-61	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	221-226
17234337-4	2007	By using real-time RT-PCR, we demonstrated that arecoline inhibited the TCDD-induced activations of CYP1A1 and AhR repressor (AhRR) mRNA expression in a similar pattern.	Arecoline	48-57	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	126-130
17234337-5	2007	Our results revealed that arecoline inhibited AhR mRNA expression with no direct effect on CYP1A1 enzyme activity.	Arecoline	26-35	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	46-49
17234337-6	2007	Therefore, in our present study, the observed inhibitory effect of arecoline on CYP1A1 activation was not due to the up-regulation of AhRR or direct inhibitory effect on CYP1A1.	Arecoline	67-76	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
17234337-7	2007	Taken together, here we have demonstrated that arecoline attenuates the TCDD-induced CYP1A1 activation mainly via down-regulation of AhR expression in human hepatoma cells, suggesting the possible involvement of arecoline in the AhR-mediated metabolism of environmental toxicants in liver.	Arecoline	47-56	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
17234337-7	2007	Taken together, here we have demonstrated that arecoline attenuates the TCDD-induced CYP1A1 activation mainly via down-regulation of AhR expression in human hepatoma cells, suggesting the possible involvement of arecoline in the AhR-mediated metabolism of environmental toxicants in liver.	Arecoline	47-56	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	133-136
17234337-7	2007	Taken together, here we have demonstrated that arecoline attenuates the TCDD-induced CYP1A1 activation mainly via down-regulation of AhR expression in human hepatoma cells, suggesting the possible involvement of arecoline in the AhR-mediated metabolism of environmental toxicants in liver.	Arecoline	47-56	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	229-232
17234337-7	2007	Taken together, here we have demonstrated that arecoline attenuates the TCDD-induced CYP1A1 activation mainly via down-regulation of AhR expression in human hepatoma cells, suggesting the possible involvement of arecoline in the AhR-mediated metabolism of environmental toxicants in liver.	Arecoline	212-221	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	229-232
17305628-4	2007	Furthermore, arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was challenged with normal buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) to elucidate whether the activities of t-PA and PAI-1 could be affected by arecoline.	Arecoline	13-22	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	152-156
17305628-4	2007	Furthermore, arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was challenged with normal buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) to elucidate whether the activities of t-PA and PAI-1 could be affected by arecoline.	Arecoline	13-22	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	161-166
17305628-7	2007	The addition of arecoline upregulated not only PAI-1, but also t-PA in BMFs (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	16-25	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
17305628-7	2007	The addition of arecoline upregulated not only PAI-1, but also t-PA in BMFs (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	16-25	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	63-67
17214642-12	2007	However, under conditions that did not affect the viability of PMN, the ability of CB/fMLP to trigger production of intracellular ROS and release of MPO in human PMN was significantly suppressed by areca nut extract and arecoline.	Arecoline	220-229	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	83-90
17214642-12	2007	However, under conditions that did not affect the viability of PMN, the ability of CB/fMLP to trigger production of intracellular ROS and release of MPO in human PMN was significantly suppressed by areca nut extract and arecoline.	Arecoline	220-229	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	149-152
17331439-0	2007	[Effects of arecoline and nicotine on the expression of hTERT in oral keratinocytes].	Arecoline	12-21	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	56-61
17331439-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of arecoline and nicotine on the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and protein in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (KC).	Arecoline	41-50	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	125-130
17331439-4	2007	RESULTS: Arecoline could induce the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC in a dose dependent manner, the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC was higher in 0.030, 0.060, 0.090 g/L arecoline group than control group (P < 0.001).	Arecoline	9-18	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	36-41
17331439-4	2007	RESULTS: Arecoline could induce the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC in a dose dependent manner, the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC was higher in 0.030, 0.060, 0.090 g/L arecoline group than control group (P < 0.001).	Arecoline	9-18	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	108-113
17331439-4	2007	RESULTS: Arecoline could induce the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC in a dose dependent manner, the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC was higher in 0.030, 0.060, 0.090 g/L arecoline group than control group (P < 0.001).	Arecoline	186-195	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	108-113
17331439-5	2007	Nicotine (0.025 g/L) increased hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC induced by arecoline.	Arecoline	82-91	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	31-36
17331439-6	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline could increase the expression of hTERT mRNA and protein in oral keratinocytes.	Arecoline	13-22	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	56-61
17331439-8	2007	hTERT over-expression induced by arecoline and nicotine may play an important role in the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	33-42	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	0-5
15579462-3	2005	Two subunits, ACC-1 and ACC-2, form homomeric channels for which acetylcholine and arecoline, but not nicotine, are efficient agonists.	Arecoline	83-92	Acetylcholine-gated chloride channel subunit acc-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	14-19
16413651-4	2006	After 24 h of exposure, arecoline (0.2-0.8 mM) inhibited KB cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a reduction in cell number by 27-37 and 37-58%, respectively, as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays.	Arecoline	24-33	chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 4	Homo sapiens	266-282
16413651-4	2006	After 24 h of exposure, arecoline (0.2-0.8 mM) inhibited KB cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a reduction in cell number by 27-37 and 37-58%, respectively, as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays.	Arecoline	24-33	chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 4	Homo sapiens	284-287
16413651-6	2006	Western blot analysis revealed that arecoline induced cyclin Bl, Wee 1, and phosphorylated cdc2 protein levels whereas it declined p21 protein expression in KB cancer cells.	Arecoline	36-45	WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase	Homo sapiens	65-70
16413651-6	2006	Western blot analysis revealed that arecoline induced cyclin Bl, Wee 1, and phosphorylated cdc2 protein levels whereas it declined p21 protein expression in KB cancer cells.	Arecoline	36-45	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
16413651-6	2006	Western blot analysis revealed that arecoline induced cyclin Bl, Wee 1, and phosphorylated cdc2 protein levels whereas it declined p21 protein expression in KB cancer cells.	Arecoline	36-45	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	131-134
16413651-7	2006	Nevertheless, arecoline induced p21, but decreased cdc2 and cyclin B1 protein levels in GK.	Arecoline	14-23	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	32-35
16413651-7	2006	Nevertheless, arecoline induced p21, but decreased cdc2 and cyclin B1 protein levels in GK.	Arecoline	14-23	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
16413651-7	2006	Nevertheless, arecoline induced p21, but decreased cdc2 and cyclin B1 protein levels in GK.	Arecoline	14-23	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	60-69
16413651-8	2006	We demonstrated that higher concentrations of arecoline (0.2-1.2 mM) induced both cell necrosis and apoptosis as detected by DNA fragmentation and Annexin V-PI staining after long-term (48 h) treatment.	Arecoline	46-55	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	147-156
16405503-0	2006	Resting and arecoline-stimulated brain metabolism and signaling involving arachidonic acid are altered in the cyclooxygenase-2 knockout mouse.	Arecoline	12-21	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	110-126
16405503-7	2006	Arecoline increased k* significantly in COX-2(+/+) mice compared with saline controls in 72 of 81 brain regions, but had no significant effect on k* in any region in COX-2(-/-) mice.	Arecoline	0-9	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	40-45
16054426-7	2005	Furthermore, the effect of arecoline, the major areca nut alkaloid, was added to explore the potential mechanism that may lead to induce IGF-1 expression.	Arecoline	27-36	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
16054426-10	2005	In addition, arecoline was also found to elevate IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05).	Arecoline	13-22	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
16054426-11	2005	Taken together, the data presented here demonstrated that IGF-1 expression is significantly upregulated in OSF from areca quid chewers and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced IGF-1 expression in vivo.	Arecoline	139-148	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
16054426-11	2005	Taken together, the data presented here demonstrated that IGF-1 expression is significantly upregulated in OSF from areca quid chewers and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced IGF-1 expression in vivo.	Arecoline	139-148	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	185-190
16037826-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arecoline, an areca quid (AQ) component, has been shown to inhibit the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in fibroblast cultures.	Arecoline	24-33	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	121-147
16037826-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arecoline, an areca quid (AQ) component, has been shown to inhibit the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in fibroblast cultures.	Arecoline	24-33	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	149-154
16945459-11	2006	Arecoline also caused depression of antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) that are known to neutralize reactive oxygen species.	Arecoline	0-9	catalase	Mus musculus	84-92
16945459-11	2006	Arecoline also caused depression of antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) that are known to neutralize reactive oxygen species.	Arecoline	0-9	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	124-149
16945459-11	2006	Arecoline also caused depression of antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) that are known to neutralize reactive oxygen species.	Arecoline	0-9	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	151-154
16538046-0	2006	In vitro effects of arecoline on sperm motility and cyclooxygenase-2 expression.	Arecoline	20-29	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	52-68
16538046-8	2006	In vitro, arecoline induces the COX-2 expression of sperm cells in a dose-dependent manner.	Arecoline	10-19	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	32-37
16538046-9	2006	This is the first report to demonstrate that arecoline may mediate COX-2 expression in human sperms, resulting in inflammation response.	Arecoline	45-54	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	67-72
15579462-3	2005	Two subunits, ACC-1 and ACC-2, form homomeric channels for which acetylcholine and arecoline, but not nicotine, are efficient agonists.	Arecoline	83-92	Acetylcholine-gated chloride channel subunit acc-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	24-29
12907213-8	2003	Arecoline and safrole significantly elevated TIMP-1 protein and mRNA expression.	Arecoline	0-9	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
15375172-5	2004	We observed the induction of c-Fos mRNA expression in human gingival keratinocyte (GK) and KB carcinoma cells by areca nut (AN) extract and arecoline.	Arecoline	140-149	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
15350815-8	2004	Some of the known constituents of betel nut, including arecoline, were tested for the possible inhibitory effect on AChE, none were found active.	Arecoline	55-64	ACE-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-120
15238517-4	2004	High levels of signaling through GAR-3 inhibit pharyngeal muscle relaxation and impair feeding--but do not block muscle repolarization--when worms are exposed to arecoline, a muscarinic agonist.	Arecoline	162-171	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gar-3	Caenorhabditis elegans	33-38
15533212-0	2004	Regulation of interleukin-6 expression by arecoline in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts is related to intracellular glutathione levels.	Arecoline	42-51	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	14-27
15533212-5	2004	The effects of arecoline, the major areca nut alkaloid, on IL-6 expression in normal human buccal mucosa fibroblasts (BMFs) were measured in vitro.	Arecoline	15-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	59-63
15533212-7	2004	To determine whether glutathione (GSH) levels were important in the induction of IL-6 by arecoline, we pretreated cells with 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ) to boost GSH levels or with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH.	Arecoline	89-98	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	81-85
15533212-9	2004	The exposure of quiescent BMF to arecoline resulted in the elevation of IL-6 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	33-42	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	72-76
15533212-10	2004	IL-6 gene regulated by arecoline correlated with intracellular GSH levels in BMF.	Arecoline	23-32	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
15533212-11	2004	Arecoline at a concentration of 129 muM induced about 2.7-fold IL-6 mRNA levels over the 6-h incubation period.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	63-67
15533212-13	2004	In addition, OTZ was found to marginally reduce the arecoline-induced IL-6 expression by about 1.7-fold (P < 0.05).	Arecoline	52-61	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
15533212-14	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that IL-6 expression is significantly upregulated in OSF fibroblasts in areca quid chewers and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced IL-6 expression.	Arecoline	146-155	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	56-60
15533212-14	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that IL-6 expression is significantly upregulated in OSF fibroblasts in areca quid chewers and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced IL-6 expression.	Arecoline	146-155	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	192-196
15533212-15	2004	In addition, the regulation of IL-6 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on the intracellular GSH concentrations.	Arecoline	58-67	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	31-35
12907213-9	2003	We concluded that increased mRNA expression of TIMP-1 in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline and safrole is a possible pathogenesis for oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	87-96	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	47-53
11545236-7	2001	In addition, arecoline significantly decreased GST activity in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).	Arecoline	13-22	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
12581384-0	2003	The up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline: a possible role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	88-97	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	21-37
11854068-6	2002	To verify whether arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, could affect TIMP or MMP production by human BMFs, Western blots and gelatine zymography were used.	Arecoline	18-27	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	78-81
11854068-7	2002	Arecoline was found to elevate TIMP-1 expression at the concentration level under 20 microg/ml in a dose-dependent manner.	Arecoline	0-9	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	31-37
11854068-10	2002	In addition, arecoline was found to inhibit MMP-2 secretion and production at the concentration level of 40 microg/ml.	Arecoline	13-22	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
11854068-12	2002	Taken together, it was found that arecoline acted not only as an inhibitor on gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2, but also a stimulator for TIMP-1 activity.	Arecoline	34-43	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	104-109
11854068-12	2002	Taken together, it was found that arecoline acted not only as an inhibitor on gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2, but also a stimulator for TIMP-1 activity.	Arecoline	34-43	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	137-143
12676256-8	2003	To verify whether arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, could affect PAI-1 expression by human BMFs, RT-PCR and Western blots were used.	Arecoline	18-27	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
12676256-9	2003	The results demonstrated highly elevated PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression in normal human BMFs stimulated by arecoline.	Arecoline	110-119	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
12676256-10	2003	Taken together, these results suggest that PAI-1 expression is significantly upregulated in OSF tissues from areca quid chewers, and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced PAI-1 expression in vivo.	Arecoline	133-142	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	179-184
12581384-9	2003	However, when the cells were treated with 80 micro g/ml arecoline, COX-2 expression was up-regulated as early as half an hour.	Arecoline	56-65	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	67-72
12581384-10	2003	This indicates that COX-2 expression is an early cellular response and regulated by arecoline at transcriptional level.	Arecoline	84-93	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	20-25
12581384-11	2003	In addition, pre-treatment with glutathione (GSH) precursor, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), led to a decrease in induction of COX-2 mRNA by arecoline.	Arecoline	152-161	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	138-143
12581384-12	2003	GSH synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), was found to increase arecoline-induced COX-2 mRNA levels.	Arecoline	77-86	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	95-100
12581384-15	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that COX-2 expression is significantly up-regulated in OSF tissues from areca quid chewers and arecoline may among other constituents be responsible for the enhanced COX-2 expression in vivo.	Arecoline	146-155	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	217-222
12581384-16	2003	The regulation of COX-2 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on the cellular GSH concentration.	Arecoline	46-55	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	18-23
12110335-0	2002	Elevated vimentin expression in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline in vitro as a possible pathogenesis for oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	62-71	vimentin	Homo sapiens	9-17
12110335-4	2002	In this study, in addition to conducting a cytotoxicity assay, we examine the effect of arecoline on vimentin, an intermediate filament, and its expression in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts on exposure to various levels of arecoline (0-200 microg/ml) for 48 h. At a concentration above 50 microg/ml, arecoline demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity (P<0.05) for cultured fibroblasts.	Arecoline	88-97	vimentin	Homo sapiens	101-109
12110335-7	2002	The increase in vimentin with arecoline exposure corresponded to that noted for fibroblasts cultured from OSF patients.	Arecoline	30-39	vimentin	Homo sapiens	16-24
11545236-8	2001	At concentrations of 100 microg/ml and 400 microg/ml, arecoline reduced GST activity about 21% and 46%, respectively, during a 24 h incubation period.	Arecoline	54-63	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
11545236-13	2001	Taken together, arecoline may render human buccal mucosal fibroblasts more vulnerable to other reactive agents in cigarettes via GST reduction.	Arecoline	16-25	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
11140895-4	2001	The results show that the increased collagen synthesis in vitro in response to arecoline was inhibited in the presence of IFN-gamma (0.01-10.0 U/ ml) in a dose-related way.	Arecoline	79-88	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	122-131
11482128-7	2001	The results showed that IL-2, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta were significantly lower in mononuclear cells of normal persons as stimulated by arecoline.	Arecoline	135-144	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
11482128-7	2001	The results showed that IL-2, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta were significantly lower in mononuclear cells of normal persons as stimulated by arecoline.	Arecoline	135-144	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	30-39
11482128-7	2001	The results showed that IL-2, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta were significantly lower in mononuclear cells of normal persons as stimulated by arecoline.	Arecoline	135-144	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-53
8837865-5	1996	Curcumin-induced levels of GST and SH were depressed whereas cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P-450 were further elevated by curcumin+arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	130-139	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	27-30
10964049-0	2000	Induction of the c-jun protooncogene expression by areca nut extract and arecoline on oral mucosal fibroblasts.	Arecoline	73-82	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
10964049-2	2000	We found that treatment of cells with 200 microg/ml ANE or 10 microg/ml arecoline for 1 h induced about three-fold increase in c-jun mRNA levels.	Arecoline	72-81	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
10964049-6	2000	Persistent induction of the c-jun protooncogene by ANE and arecoline may be one of the mechanisms in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan.	Arecoline	59-68	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
10530917-1	1999	The purpose was to examine interleukin (IL)-1 concentrations and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in nicotine/arecoline-exposed oral KB CCL17 cultures.	Arecoline	129-138	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	155-160
10530917-4	1999	IL-1 beta concentrations increased by 2.6, 2.7 and 7.5 times those of the control in groups treated with 1 microM nicotine, arecoline or with both, respectively.	Arecoline	124-133	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-9
10530917-7	1999	The fluorescence intensity of ICAM-1 (CD54) analysed by flow cytometry was also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were treated with nicotine and/or arecoline.	Arecoline	180-189	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	30-36
10530917-7	1999	The fluorescence intensity of ICAM-1 (CD54) analysed by flow cytometry was also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were treated with nicotine and/or arecoline.	Arecoline	180-189	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
10530917-8	1999	Nicotine and arecoline therefore significantly increased IL-1 alpha and -1 beta secretions and the surface expression of ICAM-1 in KB CCL17 cells.	Arecoline	13-22	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	57-79
10530917-8	1999	Nicotine and arecoline therefore significantly increased IL-1 alpha and -1 beta secretions and the surface expression of ICAM-1 in KB CCL17 cells.	Arecoline	13-22	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	121-127
10530917-8	1999	Nicotine and arecoline therefore significantly increased IL-1 alpha and -1 beta secretions and the surface expression of ICAM-1 in KB CCL17 cells.	Arecoline	13-22	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	134-139
9467205-2	1998	Alkaloids in betel nut, such as arecoline, may play a contributing role in coronary artery spasm due to parasympathomimetic effects on vessels with abnormal endothelium.	Arecoline	32-41	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
10964049-8	2000	Therefore, arecoline-induced c-jun expression is independent of GSH depletion.	Arecoline	11-20	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
10846348-0	2000	Interleukin-8 secretion by cultured oral epidermoid carcinoma cells induced with nicotine and/or arecoline treatments.	Arecoline	97-106	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-13
10846348-7	2000	Nicotine and arecoline, single or combined treatment, increased IL-8 secretion in KB CCL17 cells.	Arecoline	13-22	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	64-68
10846348-7	2000	Nicotine and arecoline, single or combined treatment, increased IL-8 secretion in KB CCL17 cells.	Arecoline	13-22	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	85-90
8837865-5	1996	Curcumin-induced levels of GST and SH were depressed whereas cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P-450 were further elevated by curcumin+arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	130-139	cytochrome b5 type A (microsomal)	Mus musculus	61-74
8837865-5	1996	Curcumin-induced levels of GST and SH were depressed whereas cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P-450 were further elevated by curcumin+arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	130-139	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	79-95
7490793-1	1995	This study aimed to assess the possibility of a direct effect of betel-nut alkaloids arecoline and arecaidine on cell proliferation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by cultured fibroblasts from human normal gingiva, buccal mucosa and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) buccal mucosa in vitro.	Arecoline	85-94	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	136-149
7490793-9	1995	However, two of six individuals" normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts significantly released less IL-6, and some cases of OSF and healthy gingiva exhibited slightly higher levels of IL-6 when cells were exposed to arecoline or arecaidine in cultures.	Arecoline	210-219	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	178-182
7490793-10	1995	Such findings suggests that arecoline and arecaidine can enhance cell proliferation and affect fibroblasts to synthesize IL-6.	Arecoline	28-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	121-125
8584603-8	1995	Acute arecoline administered to 14 subjects produced unpleasant side-effects (e.g. nausea, vomiting), mean adrenocorticotrophic hormone (p = .0006), cortisol (p = .0001) and beta-endorphin (p = .0001) levels were elevated.	Arecoline	6-15	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	174-188
7797620-3	1995	We investigated the effect of a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, arecoline, which stimulates the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the immune system.	Arecoline	64-73	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	109-140
7797620-3	1995	We investigated the effect of a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, arecoline, which stimulates the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the immune system.	Arecoline	64-73	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	151-178
7797620-3	1995	We investigated the effect of a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, arecoline, which stimulates the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the immune system.	Arecoline	64-73	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	180-184
8442585-7	1993	In guinea pigs treated with anti-IL-5, the development of hyperreactivity to histamine and arecoline after ovalbumin challenge is completely inhibited.	Arecoline	91-100	interleukin-5	Cavia porcellus	33-37
8401332-3	1993	Significant increase in the levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome b5 (Cyt.b5), cytochrome P-450 (Cyt.P-450) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the arecoline treated groups.	Arecoline	170-179	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	38-63
8401332-3	1993	Significant increase in the levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome b5 (Cyt.b5), cytochrome P-450 (Cyt.P-450) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the arecoline treated groups.	Arecoline	170-179	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	113-122
8442585-8	1993	The contractions to histamine and arecoline of tracheal rings isolated from guinea pigs treated with recombinant murine IL-5 for 3 or 7 days are enhanced significantly to approximately 140% compared with controls.	Arecoline	34-43	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	120-124
1956992-2	1991	Treatment of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) with arecoline, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist, reportedly improves performance on a picture recognition memory task, but not on other memory measures.	Arecoline	69-78	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	59-62
1511338-3	1992	D-amphetamine and arecoline blocked the amnestic effect of beta-endorphin administered into the amygdala but it required higher doses for CCK-8, epinephrine and naloxone to block the amnestic effect of beta-endorphin.	Arecoline	18-27	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	59-73
1511338-3	1992	D-amphetamine and arecoline blocked the amnestic effect of beta-endorphin administered into the amygdala but it required higher doses for CCK-8, epinephrine and naloxone to block the amnestic effect of beta-endorphin.	Arecoline	18-27	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	202-216
1940050-14	1991	Concomitant exposure of arecoline at concentrations of 10(-6) - 10(-4) M with con A, markedly suppressed both 3H-thymidine incorporation and interleukin-2 production of splenic cells.	Arecoline	24-33	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	141-154
1397027-10	1992	Pilocarpine had a preferential effect in Lu 26-046-trained rats, while oxotremorine and arecoline had preferential effects in O-Me-THPO-trained rats.	Arecoline	88-97	thrombopoietin like 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
1723641-8	1991	Arecoline administration increased 14C-AA incorporation into the prefrontal and frontal cortices ipsilateral to the NBM lesion as compared to the contralateral side and the increase was most prominent in deeper cortical layers such as layers IV and V. Right-left differences in incorporation were not apparent in parietal, temporal, or occipital cortices, where reduction of AChE activity was minimal or absent, nor in subcortical structures.	Arecoline	0-9	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	375-379
1659617-3	1991	The mechanisms underlying diminished plasma corticotropin (ACTH) responses to arecoline may differ in patients with autonomic failure.	Arecoline	78-87	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	59-63
1956992-3	1991	To examine further possible performance improvements following arecoline treatment, patients with DAT were treated with a 30 min intravenous infusion of arecoline (5 mg).	Arecoline	63-72	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
34378866-0	2021	Fat mass and obesity-associated protein regulates tumorigenesis of arecoline-promoted human oral carcinoma.	Arecoline	67-76	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	0-39
2178250-8	1990	The amnestic effect of VIP was blocked by peripheral administration of the memory-enhancing agents, arecoline, naloxone and ST 587 (a noradrenergic receptor agonist) but not by cholecystokinin octapeptide.	Arecoline	100-109	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	23-26
2178250-9	1990	Central administration of arecoline, but not neuropeptide Y, blocked the amnestic effect of VIP.	Arecoline	26-35	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	92-95
34761109-4	2021	The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that arecoline causes cardiac fibrosis through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smad-mediated signaling pathways.	Arecoline	62-71	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	137-145
34761109-7	2021	Western blot analysis showed that TGF-beta and p-Smad2/3 protein expression levels were markedly higher in the arecoline-injected rat hearts than in those of the control rats.	Arecoline	111-120	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	34-42
34761109-7	2021	Western blot analysis showed that TGF-beta and p-Smad2/3 protein expression levels were markedly higher in the arecoline-injected rat hearts than in those of the control rats.	Arecoline	111-120	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
2359403-8	1990	Incubation of the SK-N-SH cells with the partial muscarinic agonists bethanechol and arecoline resulted in 27 and 26% decreases in membrane-associated CaM, respectively, and 28 and 35% increases in cytosolic CaM, respectively.	Arecoline	85-94	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
2359403-8	1990	Incubation of the SK-N-SH cells with the partial muscarinic agonists bethanechol and arecoline resulted in 27 and 26% decreases in membrane-associated CaM, respectively, and 28 and 35% increases in cytosolic CaM, respectively.	Arecoline	85-94	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	208-211
2327054-2	1990	Short-term administration of the cholinomimetic arecoline or the anticholinergic scopolamine induced rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (L-ALDH) isoenzyme with the apparent high and low Km, respectively.	Arecoline	48-57	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Rattus norvegicus	111-147
33233443-9	2020	We found that CYP26A1 was downregulated as the arecoline dose increased.	Arecoline	47-56	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	14-21
33233443-11	2020	Arecoline appears to modulate CYP26A1 expression through specific pathways.	Arecoline	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	30-37
34378866-4	2021	We identified that FTO was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues from patients with areca nut chewing habits and chronic arecoline-treated OSCC cell lines.	Arecoline	125-134	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	19-22
34378866-5	2021	Depletion of FTO attenuated the arecoline-promoted stemness, chemoresistance, and oncogenicity of OSCC cells.	Arecoline	32-41	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	13-16
34378866-7	2021	This study, for the first time, demonstrated that FTO plays an oncogenic role in arecoline-induced OSCC progression.	Arecoline	81-90	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	50-53
34391409-6	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary studies have identified a large number of genes relevant to obesity, T2D and metabolic syndrome whose expression was changed significantly in human TPH1 cells following incubation with betel-nut derived arecoline or with MNPA.	Arecoline	232-241	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	177-181
34316331-0	2021	JunD accentuates arecoline-induced disruption of tight junctions and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by association with NEAT1 lncRNA.	Arecoline	17-26	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	0-4
34316331-0	2021	JunD accentuates arecoline-induced disruption of tight junctions and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by association with NEAT1 lncRNA.	Arecoline	17-26	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
34316331-5	2021	Results established that although arecoline-induced phosphorylation of JunD downregulated expression of ZO-1, JunD itself was modulated by the lncRNA-NEAT1 in presence of arecoline.	Arecoline	34-43	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	71-75
34316331-5	2021	Results established that although arecoline-induced phosphorylation of JunD downregulated expression of ZO-1, JunD itself was modulated by the lncRNA-NEAT1 in presence of arecoline.	Arecoline	34-43	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
34316331-5	2021	Results established that although arecoline-induced phosphorylation of JunD downregulated expression of ZO-1, JunD itself was modulated by the lncRNA-NEAT1 in presence of arecoline.	Arecoline	171-180	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	110-114
34316331-5	2021	Results established that although arecoline-induced phosphorylation of JunD downregulated expression of ZO-1, JunD itself was modulated by the lncRNA-NEAT1 in presence of arecoline.	Arecoline	171-180	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
34316331-8	2021	Consequently, silencing NEAT1 in arecoline-exposed cells not only downregulated the expression of JunD and stabilized expression of ZO-1, but also reduced expression of the EMT markers, Slug and Snail, indicating its direct regulatory role in arecoline-mediated TJ disruption and disease progression.	Arecoline	33-42	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
34316331-8	2021	Consequently, silencing NEAT1 in arecoline-exposed cells not only downregulated the expression of JunD and stabilized expression of ZO-1, but also reduced expression of the EMT markers, Slug and Snail, indicating its direct regulatory role in arecoline-mediated TJ disruption and disease progression.	Arecoline	33-42	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	98-102
34316331-8	2021	Consequently, silencing NEAT1 in arecoline-exposed cells not only downregulated the expression of JunD and stabilized expression of ZO-1, but also reduced expression of the EMT markers, Slug and Snail, indicating its direct regulatory role in arecoline-mediated TJ disruption and disease progression.	Arecoline	33-42	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
34316331-8	2021	Consequently, silencing NEAT1 in arecoline-exposed cells not only downregulated the expression of JunD and stabilized expression of ZO-1, but also reduced expression of the EMT markers, Slug and Snail, indicating its direct regulatory role in arecoline-mediated TJ disruption and disease progression.	Arecoline	33-42	snail family transcriptional repressor 2	Homo sapiens	186-190
34316331-8	2021	Consequently, silencing NEAT1 in arecoline-exposed cells not only downregulated the expression of JunD and stabilized expression of ZO-1, but also reduced expression of the EMT markers, Slug and Snail, indicating its direct regulatory role in arecoline-mediated TJ disruption and disease progression.	Arecoline	33-42	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	195-200
34316331-8	2021	Consequently, silencing NEAT1 in arecoline-exposed cells not only downregulated the expression of JunD and stabilized expression of ZO-1, but also reduced expression of the EMT markers, Slug and Snail, indicating its direct regulatory role in arecoline-mediated TJ disruption and disease progression.	Arecoline	243-252	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
35562900-9	2022	In mice, the methylation level of PTK6 decreased after treatment with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and arecoline, and the mRNA and protein expression of PTK6 was increased.	Arecoline	99-108	PTK6 protein tyrosine kinase 6	Mus musculus	34-38
35377493-4	2022	However, in OSF field, the role and mechanism of arecoline-induced activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remain unclear.	Arecoline	49-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-112
35377493-4	2022	However, in OSF field, the role and mechanism of arecoline-induced activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remain unclear.	Arecoline	49-58	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	114-122
35377493-9	2022	RESULTS: m6A level was increased in OSF tissues compared to normal tissues; arecoline promoted the m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 and Mettl14 through TGF-beta.	Arecoline	76-85	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	121-127
35377493-9	2022	RESULTS: m6A level was increased in OSF tissues compared to normal tissues; arecoline promoted the m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 and Mettl14 through TGF-beta.	Arecoline	76-85	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	132-139
35377493-9	2022	RESULTS: m6A level was increased in OSF tissues compared to normal tissues; arecoline promoted the m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 and Mettl14 through TGF-beta.	Arecoline	76-85	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	148-156
35377493-11	2022	In addition, Mettl14 silence reversed the effects of arecoline on cell proliferation and apoptosis in Hacat cells.	Arecoline	53-62	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	13-20
35377493-12	2022	CONCLUSION: TGF-beta-METTL14-m6A-MYC axis was crucially implicated in arecoline-mediated OSF and may be an effective therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment.	Arecoline	70-79	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-20
35377493-12	2022	CONCLUSION: TGF-beta-METTL14-m6A-MYC axis was crucially implicated in arecoline-mediated OSF and may be an effective therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment.	Arecoline	70-79	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	21-28
35377493-12	2022	CONCLUSION: TGF-beta-METTL14-m6A-MYC axis was crucially implicated in arecoline-mediated OSF and may be an effective therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment.	Arecoline	70-79	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	33-36
34209963-7	2021	Furthermore, in different cell models, MAO and COMT expression was significantly downregulated with an increased dose of arecoline (p < 0.01).	Arecoline	121-130	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	47-51
34068585-5	2021	The results showed that the expression of ATM and BRCA1 was downregulated in BQ-associated HNC, as the BQ ingredient arecoline could suppress the expression of both genes.	Arecoline	117-126	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	42-45
34068585-5	2021	The results showed that the expression of ATM and BRCA1 was downregulated in BQ-associated HNC, as the BQ ingredient arecoline could suppress the expression of both genes.	Arecoline	117-126	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	50-55
6289276-2	1982	Notably, in humans, intravenous infusion of centrally active cholinomimetic drugs, such as physostigmine or arecoline, may produce significant increases in plasma concentrations of prolactin and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity.	Arecoline	108-117	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	195-209
35289035-0	2022	FTO Regulates Arecoline-exposed Oral Cancer Immune Response through PD-L1.	Arecoline	14-23	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	68-73
35289035-5	2022	We reveal that chronic arecoline-exposure substantially induces upregulation of Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), MYC, and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in OSCC cells.	Arecoline	23-32	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	168-173
35289035-7	2022	We also demonstrate that arecoline-induced FTO promotes the stability and expression levels of PD-L1 transcripts through mediating m6A modification and MYC activity, respectively.	Arecoline	25-34	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	95-100
2564779-9	1989	For example, arecoline displayed curved Scatchard plots within the external layers of the cerebral cortex, layer CA1 of the hippocampus (predominantly M1 subtype), and the paraventricular thalamus (predominantly M2 subtype).	Arecoline	13-22	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
3039386-1	1987	Superfusion of the isolated frog spinal cord by the Ringer solution containing arecoline (10 mumol/l) evoked depolarization and increase of the input resistance and PSP amplitude of motoneurons.	Arecoline	79-88	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	165-168
20501173-2	1987	Agonists could be divided into two classes: oxotremorine, acetylcholine, carbachol and arecoline exerted the most efficacious and potent inhibition, while McN-A343, bethanechol and AHR-602 were partial agonists.	Arecoline	87-96	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	181-184
3935921-1	1985	The ability of arecoline, an alkaloid of betel nut, to induce abnormality in the shape of sperm heads and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the early spermatid stages of Swiss albino mice was studied.	Arecoline	15-24	NUT midline carcinoma, family member 1	Mus musculus	47-50
2998523-1	1985	Cholinoceptor agonists (arecoline congruent to carbachol greater than acetylcholine greater than pilocarpine) potentiated contractions to field stimulation of rat vas deferens via the activation of an atropine-sensitive muscarinic receptor.	Arecoline	24-33	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
35150031-5	2022	Herein, we demonstrated that arecoline stimulates tyrosine sulphation of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) through the tyrosylprotein sulphotransferase-1 (TPST-1) to enhance the migration ability of FBs.	Arecoline	29-38	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
35150031-5	2022	Herein, we demonstrated that arecoline stimulates tyrosine sulphation of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) through the tyrosylprotein sulphotransferase-1 (TPST-1) to enhance the migration ability of FBs.	Arecoline	29-38	tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	118-152
35150031-5	2022	Herein, we demonstrated that arecoline stimulates tyrosine sulphation of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) through the tyrosylprotein sulphotransferase-1 (TPST-1) to enhance the migration ability of FBs.	Arecoline	29-38	tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	154-160
35150031-6	2022	Moreover, by RNA-Seq analysis, we found that the most significantly altered pathway was the EGFR pathway after the arecoline stimulation for FBs.	Arecoline	115-124	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	92-96
35150031-7	2022	After the knockdown of arecoline-induced EGFR expression, the tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4 was significantly decreased by the inhibition of TPST-1 induction.	Arecoline	23-32	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	41-45
35150031-7	2022	After the knockdown of arecoline-induced EGFR expression, the tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4 was significantly decreased by the inhibition of TPST-1 induction.	Arecoline	23-32	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
35150031-9	2022	These data indicate that the arecoline-induced tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4, which is regulated by TPST-1, might be a potential mechanism that contributes to FB migration in OSF.	Arecoline	29-38	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
35150031-9	2022	These data indicate that the arecoline-induced tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4, which is regulated by TPST-1, might be a potential mechanism that contributes to FB migration in OSF.	Arecoline	29-38	tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
2620152-1	1989	A capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the quantitative analysis of arecoline in plasma has been developed for concentrations in the range 1-50 ng ml-1.	Arecoline	97-106	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	176-180
2551652-0	1989	The muscarinic cholinergic agonist arecoline stimulates the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through a centrally-mediated corticotropin-releasing hormone-dependent mechanism.	Arecoline	35-44	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	129-160
2551652-7	1989	These findings suggest that arecoline stimulates the HPA axis centrally, mainly via secretion of CRH.	Arecoline	28-37	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2551652-9	1989	These data suggest that the muscarinic cholinergic agonist arecoline stimulates the HPA axis in the rat and that this effect is mediated mainly by the release of endogenous CRH.	Arecoline	59-68	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
3691642-8	1987	injections of oxotremorine, arecoline and physostigmine in doses that induce theta activity diminished the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells in a dose-dependent manner, as judged by the reduction in the amplitude of the population spike and the dendritic epsp.	Arecoline	28-37	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
6289276-3	1982	In three separate studies, conducted collaboratively between the National Institute of Mental Health and the University of California at San Diego, physostigmine and arecoline associated increases in plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity were highly correlated with increases in plasma prolactin concentrations.	Arecoline	166-175	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	225-239
33929070-0	2021	Arecoline induces heart injure via Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic pathway in heart of Sprague-Dawley rat.	Arecoline	0-9	Fas ligand	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6049714-0	1967	Synthesis of aldoxime analogs of arecoline as reactivators of organophosphorus inhibited cholinesterase.	Arecoline	33-42	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	89-103
687277-3	1978	Arecoline is considered to have a low efficiency in detecting tapeworm infection in individual dogs, but is valuable as a diagnostic aid in groups of dogs.	Arecoline	0-9	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	133-136
1278094-5	1976	The cholinergic agonists arecoline, nicotine, and carbachol significantly inhibited the afternoon surge of prolactin.	Arecoline	25-34	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
33626219-8	2021	SAA1 overexpression induced EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of CAL33 cells, while SAA1 knockdown attenuated arecoline-induced EMT.	Arecoline	120-129	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	94-98
33859744-7	2021	In addition, carcinogens, such as nicotine and arecoline, trigger c-MYC-directed NRF2 activation in HNSCC cells.	Arecoline	47-56	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	66-71
33859744-7	2021	In addition, carcinogens, such as nicotine and arecoline, trigger c-MYC-directed NRF2 activation in HNSCC cells.	Arecoline	47-56	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
33626219-0	2021	Arecoline induces epithelial mesenchymal transformation and promotes metastasis of oral cancer via SAA1 expression.	Arecoline	0-9	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	99-103
33626219-10	2021	Our findings revealed that arecoline induced EMT and enhanced the metastatic capability of OSCC via the regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion, especially that of SAA1.	Arecoline	27-36	serum amyloid A 1	Mus musculus	170-174
32454162-9	2021	Acute arecoline also upregulated early protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun, whereas its chronic treatment elevated brain expression of microglia-specific biomarker genes egr2 and ym1 (thus, implicating microglial mechanisms in potential effects of long-term arecoline use).	Arecoline	6-15	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	54-59
32454162-9	2021	Acute arecoline also upregulated early protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun, whereas its chronic treatment elevated brain expression of microglia-specific biomarker genes egr2 and ym1 (thus, implicating microglial mechanisms in potential effects of long-term arecoline use).	Arecoline	6-15	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Danio rerio	64-69
33332205-0	2020	Arecoline suppresses epithelial cell viability by upregulating tropomyosin-1 through the transforming growth factor-beta/Smad pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	tropomyosin 1	Homo sapiens	63-76
32454163-7	2020	The use of the areca nut increases both brain serotonin and noradrenaline levels, whereas arecoline, a potentially addictive areca nut component, has monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitor-like properties.	Arecoline	90-99	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	171-176
32454163-13	2020	Arecoline, an MAO-A inhibitor, may account for BQD.	Arecoline	0-9	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	14-19
33332365-0	2020	Peroxiredoxin 2 is highly expressed in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and is upregulated by human papillomavirus oncoproteins and arecoline, promoting proliferation.	Arecoline	140-149	peroxiredoxin 2	Homo sapiens	0-15
33332365-3	2020	This study aimed to investigate the effect of arecoline, an alkaloid of the betel nut, and human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6/E7 oncoproteins on induction of PRDX2 expression, and also the effects of PRDX2 overexpression in oral cell lines.	Arecoline	46-55	peroxiredoxin 2	Homo sapiens	163-168
33332365-3	2020	This study aimed to investigate the effect of arecoline, an alkaloid of the betel nut, and human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6/E7 oncoproteins on induction of PRDX2 expression, and also the effects of PRDX2 overexpression in oral cell lines.	Arecoline	46-55	peroxiredoxin 2	Homo sapiens	205-210
33332365-9	2020	Arecoline treatment in vitro at low concentrations and overexpression of HPV16 E6 or E6/E7 in oral cells induced PRDX2 overexpression.	Arecoline	0-9	peroxiredoxin 2	Homo sapiens	113-118
33332365-11	2020	Upregulation of PRDX2 in oral cells was induced by arecoline and HPV16 oncoproteins and promoted growth of OSCC cells.	Arecoline	51-60	peroxiredoxin 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
33287214-6	2020	In RWPE-1 cells, arecoline increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, p21, and cyclins B1 and D3, decreased the expression of CDK2, and had no effects on CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression.	Arecoline	17-26	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	55-86
33287214-6	2020	In RWPE-1 cells, arecoline increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, p21, and cyclins B1 and D3, decreased the expression of CDK2, and had no effects on CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression.	Arecoline	17-26	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	88-91
33287214-6	2020	In RWPE-1 cells, arecoline increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, p21, and cyclins B1 and D3, decreased the expression of CDK2, and had no effects on CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression.	Arecoline	17-26	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	97-114
33287214-6	2020	In RWPE-1 cells, arecoline increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, p21, and cyclins B1 and D3, decreased the expression of CDK2, and had no effects on CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression.	Arecoline	17-26	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	144-148
33287214-6	2020	In RWPE-1 cells, arecoline increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, p21, and cyclins B1 and D3, decreased the expression of CDK2, and had no effects on CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression.	Arecoline	17-26	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	181-190
33287214-8	2020	In LNCaP cells, arecoline decreased CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression; increased p21, p27, and cyclin D3 expression; had no effects on CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression.	Arecoline	16-25	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
33287214-8	2020	In LNCaP cells, arecoline decreased CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression; increased p21, p27, and cyclin D3 expression; had no effects on CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression.	Arecoline	16-25	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
33287214-8	2020	In LNCaP cells, arecoline decreased CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression; increased p21, p27, and cyclin D3 expression; had no effects on CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression.	Arecoline	16-25	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	52-61
33287214-8	2020	In LNCaP cells, arecoline decreased CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression; increased p21, p27, and cyclin D3 expression; had no effects on CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression.	Arecoline	16-25	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	84-87
33287214-8	2020	In LNCaP cells, arecoline decreased CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression; increased p21, p27, and cyclin D3 expression; had no effects on CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression.	Arecoline	16-25	dynactin subunit 6	Homo sapiens	89-92
33287214-8	2020	In LNCaP cells, arecoline decreased CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression; increased p21, p27, and cyclin D3 expression; had no effects on CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression.	Arecoline	16-25	cyclin D3	Homo sapiens	98-107
33332205-0	2020	Arecoline suppresses epithelial cell viability by upregulating tropomyosin-1 through the transforming growth factor-beta/Smad pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-120
33332205-4	2020	OBJECTIVES: This research elucidates the expression of tropomyosin-1 (TPM1) and its regulation mechanism in HaCaT cells treated with arecoline.	Arecoline	133-142	tropomyosin 1	Homo sapiens	55-68
33332205-12	2020	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline suppresses HaCaT cell viability by upregulating TPM1 through the TGF-beta/Smad signalling pathway.	Arecoline	28-37	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	103-111
32441858-0	2020	Arecoline induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells by upregulating the ERK-mediated signaling pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
32988808-0	2020	Oxidative-protective effect of nuclear receptor coactivator 7 on arecoline-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.	Arecoline	65-74	nuclear receptor coactivator 7	Homo sapiens	31-61
32988808-7	2020	After arecoline treatment, NCOA7 expression and EndMT were induced in HUVECs.	Arecoline	6-15	nuclear receptor coactivator 7	Homo sapiens	27-32
32988808-8	2020	Transfection of HUVECs with si-NCOA7, which reduced 73% of NCOA7 expression, aggravated the arecoline-induced EndMT process.	Arecoline	92-101	nuclear receptor coactivator 7	Homo sapiens	31-36
32988808-8	2020	Transfection of HUVECs with si-NCOA7, which reduced 73% of NCOA7 expression, aggravated the arecoline-induced EndMT process.	Arecoline	92-101	nuclear receptor coactivator 7	Homo sapiens	59-64
32988808-9	2020	Inhibition of ROS markedly, but not completely, reverses this arecoline-induced EndMT in si-NCOA7 cells.	Arecoline	62-71	nuclear receptor coactivator 7	Homo sapiens	92-97
32717485-0	2020	Enhanced arecoline derivatives as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ligands for potential application as PET radiotracers.	Arecoline	9-18	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, CNS	Mus musculus	34-70
32717485-0	2020	Enhanced arecoline derivatives as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ligands for potential application as PET radiotracers.	Arecoline	9-18	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	108-111
32717485-3	2020	Within this work we aim to develop novel PET tracers based on the structure of arecoline.	Arecoline	79-88	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	41-44
33167868-0	2020	Egr-1 mediates low-dose arecoline induced human oral mucosa fibroblast proliferation via transactivation of Wnt5a expression.	Arecoline	24-33	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33167868-0	2020	Egr-1 mediates low-dose arecoline induced human oral mucosa fibroblast proliferation via transactivation of Wnt5a expression.	Arecoline	24-33	Wnt family member 5A	Homo sapiens	108-113
33167868-6	2020	Treatment with siRNAs specific to Egr-1, Egr inhibitors, or Wnt5a antibody treatment could all inhibit arecoline-induced Wnt5a upregulation and fibroblast proliferation.	Arecoline	103-112	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
33167868-6	2020	Treatment with siRNAs specific to Egr-1, Egr inhibitors, or Wnt5a antibody treatment could all inhibit arecoline-induced Wnt5a upregulation and fibroblast proliferation.	Arecoline	103-112	Wnt family member 5A	Homo sapiens	60-65
33167868-6	2020	Treatment with siRNAs specific to Egr-1, Egr inhibitors, or Wnt5a antibody treatment could all inhibit arecoline-induced Wnt5a upregulation and fibroblast proliferation.	Arecoline	103-112	Wnt family member 5A	Homo sapiens	121-126
33167868-7	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Egr-1 mediates the effect of low dose arecoline treatment on human oral mucosa fibroblast proliferation by transactivating the expression of Wnt5a.	Arecoline	51-60	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
33167868-7	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Egr-1 mediates the effect of low dose arecoline treatment on human oral mucosa fibroblast proliferation by transactivating the expression of Wnt5a.	Arecoline	51-60	Wnt family member 5A	Homo sapiens	154-159
32441858-5	2020	Western blot analysis showed that arecoline treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in E-cadherin expression and dose-dependent increases in N-cadherin, vimentin, alpha-SMA, and collagen expression; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dose-dependent increases in alpha-SMA and collagen mRNA.	Arecoline	34-43	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	90-100
32441858-5	2020	Western blot analysis showed that arecoline treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in E-cadherin expression and dose-dependent increases in N-cadherin, vimentin, alpha-SMA, and collagen expression; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dose-dependent increases in alpha-SMA and collagen mRNA.	Arecoline	34-43	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	144-154
32441858-5	2020	Western blot analysis showed that arecoline treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in E-cadherin expression and dose-dependent increases in N-cadherin, vimentin, alpha-SMA, and collagen expression; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dose-dependent increases in alpha-SMA and collagen mRNA.	Arecoline	34-43	vimentin	Homo sapiens	156-164
32441858-5	2020	Western blot analysis showed that arecoline treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in E-cadherin expression and dose-dependent increases in N-cadherin, vimentin, alpha-SMA, and collagen expression; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dose-dependent increases in alpha-SMA and collagen mRNA.	Arecoline	34-43	actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle	Homo sapiens	166-175
32441858-5	2020	Western blot analysis showed that arecoline treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in E-cadherin expression and dose-dependent increases in N-cadherin, vimentin, alpha-SMA, and collagen expression; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dose-dependent increases in alpha-SMA and collagen mRNA.	Arecoline	34-43	actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle	Homo sapiens	296-305
31263904-1	2020	Mixed with limestone and stick mustard, arecoline and guvacoline, which are present in betel nut, are hydrolyzed into arecaidine and guvacine, respectively.	Arecoline	40-49	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
32722430-0	2020	Downregulation of the DNA Repair Gene DDB2 by Arecoline Is through p53"s DNA-Binding Domain and Is Correlated with Poor Outcome of Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Betel Quid Consumption.	Arecoline	46-55	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
32722430-0	2020	Downregulation of the DNA Repair Gene DDB2 by Arecoline Is through p53"s DNA-Binding Domain and Is Correlated with Poor Outcome of Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Betel Quid Consumption.	Arecoline	46-55	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	67-70
32722430-3	2020	Previously, we have reported that arecoline (0.3 mM) is able to inhibit DNA repair in a p53-dependent pathway, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.	Arecoline	34-43	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	88-91
32722430-4	2020	Here we demonstrated that arecoline suppressed the expression of DDB2, which is transcriptionally regulated by p53 and is required for nucleotide excision repair (NER).	Arecoline	26-35	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
32722430-4	2020	Here we demonstrated that arecoline suppressed the expression of DDB2, which is transcriptionally regulated by p53 and is required for nucleotide excision repair (NER).	Arecoline	26-35	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	111-114
32722430-5	2020	Ectopic expression of DDB2 restored NER activity in arecoline-treated cells, suggesting that DDB2 downregulation was critical for arecoline-mediated NER inhibition.	Arecoline	52-61	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
31959495-0	2020	Inhibition of HIF1A-AS1 impedes the arecoline-induced migration activity of human oral mucosal fibroblasts.	Arecoline	36-45	HIF1A antisense RNA 1	Homo sapiens	14-23
31959495-3	2020	Next, we demonstrated that administration of arecoline, a natural alkaloid that is found in areca nut, induced the elevation of HIF1A-AS1 in BMFs.	Arecoline	45-54	HIF1A antisense RNA 1	Homo sapiens	128-137
31959495-5	2020	Moreover, we found that knockdown of HIF1A-AS1 hindered the arecoline-stimulated migration capacity in BMFs, suggesting HIF1A-AS1 was critical to the transdifferentiation of BMFs into myofibroblasts.	Arecoline	60-69	HIF1A antisense RNA 1	Homo sapiens	37-46
31959495-5	2020	Moreover, we found that knockdown of HIF1A-AS1 hindered the arecoline-stimulated migration capacity in BMFs, suggesting HIF1A-AS1 was critical to the transdifferentiation of BMFs into myofibroblasts.	Arecoline	60-69	HIF1A antisense RNA 1	Homo sapiens	120-129
31397922-0	2020	Role of the arecoline/YAP1/BMP4 pathway in promoting endothelial-mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	12-21	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
31397922-6	2020	Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were used to analyze the effect of arecoline (a known EMT-promoting pathogenic factor in OSF) on BMP4 and identify the transcription factor involved.	Arecoline	70-79	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-136
31397922-8	2020	Finally, siRNA silencing of BMP4 was used to determine its effect on YAP1 activation and arecoline-induced EMT.	Arecoline	89-98	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
31397922-10	2020	Arecoline induces BMP4 expression via the activation of YAP1 (through its nuclear translocation).	Arecoline	0-9	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	18-22
31397922-10	2020	Arecoline induces BMP4 expression via the activation of YAP1 (through its nuclear translocation).	Arecoline	0-9	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	56-60
31397922-11	2020	Furthermore, the YAP1/BMP4 mechanism is the main molecular event in arecoline-induced EMT, as knockdown of BMP4 expression affects expression of the EMT markers and inhibits extracellular matrix accumulation.	Arecoline	68-77	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
31397922-11	2020	Furthermore, the YAP1/BMP4 mechanism is the main molecular event in arecoline-induced EMT, as knockdown of BMP4 expression affects expression of the EMT markers and inhibits extracellular matrix accumulation.	Arecoline	68-77	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
31397922-11	2020	Furthermore, the YAP1/BMP4 mechanism is the main molecular event in arecoline-induced EMT, as knockdown of BMP4 expression affects expression of the EMT markers and inhibits extracellular matrix accumulation.	Arecoline	68-77	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-111
31397922-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline induces EMT in OSF via the YAP1/BMP4 pathway.	Arecoline	13-22	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	50-54
32200293-0	2020	Arecoline suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro and attenuates LPS-induced bone loss in vivo.	Arecoline	0-9	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	21-26
32200293-4	2020	METHOD: M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were incubated with several concentrations of arecoline, and TRAP staining and pit formation were assessed to monitor osteoclast formation.	Arecoline	123-132	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	8-13
32200293-4	2020	METHOD: M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were incubated with several concentrations of arecoline, and TRAP staining and pit formation were assessed to monitor osteoclast formation.	Arecoline	123-132	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	14-19
32200293-8	2020	RESULTS: In a dose-dependent manner, arecoline at concentrations of 50-100 muM reduced both the development of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and the formation of resorption pits in M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs.	Arecoline	37-46	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	192-197
32200293-8	2020	RESULTS: In a dose-dependent manner, arecoline at concentrations of 50-100 muM reduced both the development of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and the formation of resorption pits in M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs.	Arecoline	37-46	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	198-203
32200293-9	2020	In M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs, arecoline also suppressed the expression and translocation of c-Fos and NFATcl, and osteoclast differentiated-related genes via interference with the AKT, MAPK, and NF-kB activation pathways.	Arecoline	32-41	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	3-8
32200293-9	2020	In M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs, arecoline also suppressed the expression and translocation of c-Fos and NFATcl, and osteoclast differentiated-related genes via interference with the AKT, MAPK, and NF-kB activation pathways.	Arecoline	32-41	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	9-14
32200293-9	2020	In M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs, arecoline also suppressed the expression and translocation of c-Fos and NFATcl, and osteoclast differentiated-related genes via interference with the AKT, MAPK, and NF-kB activation pathways.	Arecoline	32-41	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	94-99
32200293-9	2020	In M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs, arecoline also suppressed the expression and translocation of c-Fos and NFATcl, and osteoclast differentiated-related genes via interference with the AKT, MAPK, and NF-kB activation pathways.	Arecoline	32-41	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	182-185
32200293-11	2020	Lastly, arecoline increased ALP activity, bone mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes, such as ALP and Runx2, in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Arecoline	8-17	alopecia, recessive	Mus musculus	28-31
32200293-11	2020	Lastly, arecoline increased ALP activity, bone mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes, such as ALP and Runx2, in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Arecoline	8-17	alopecia, recessive	Mus musculus	135-138
32200293-11	2020	Lastly, arecoline increased ALP activity, bone mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes, such as ALP and Runx2, in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Arecoline	8-17	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	143-148
31610043-11	2020	RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta).	Arecoline	47-56	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	74-87
31610043-11	2020	RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta).	Arecoline	47-56	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	89-102
31610043-11	2020	RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta).	Arecoline	47-56	interleukin 21	Homo sapiens	108-122
31610043-11	2020	RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta).	Arecoline	47-56	interleukin 21	Homo sapiens	124-128
31610043-11	2020	RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta).	Arecoline	47-56	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	130-134
31610043-11	2020	RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta).	Arecoline	47-56	interleukin 21	Homo sapiens	140-145
31610043-11	2020	RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta).	Arecoline	47-56	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	198-206
32722430-5	2020	Ectopic expression of DDB2 restored NER activity in arecoline-treated cells, suggesting that DDB2 downregulation was critical for arecoline-mediated NER inhibition.	Arecoline	130-139	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
32722430-5	2020	Ectopic expression of DDB2 restored NER activity in arecoline-treated cells, suggesting that DDB2 downregulation was critical for arecoline-mediated NER inhibition.	Arecoline	130-139	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
32722430-6	2020	Mechanistically, arecoline inhibited p53-induced DDB2 promoter activity through the DNA-binding but not the transactivation domain of p53.	Arecoline	17-26	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	37-40
32722430-6	2020	Mechanistically, arecoline inhibited p53-induced DDB2 promoter activity through the DNA-binding but not the transactivation domain of p53.	Arecoline	17-26	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	49-53
32722430-7	2020	Both NER and DDB2 promoter activities declined in the chronic arecoline-exposed cells, which were consistent with the downregulated DDB2 mRNA in BQ-associated HNC specimens, but not in those of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (no BQ exposure).	Arecoline	62-71	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
32722430-7	2020	Both NER and DDB2 promoter activities declined in the chronic arecoline-exposed cells, which were consistent with the downregulated DDB2 mRNA in BQ-associated HNC specimens, but not in those of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (no BQ exposure).	Arecoline	62-71	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
32722430-9	2020	These data uncover one of mechanisms underlying arecoline-mediated carcinogenicity through inhibiting p53-regulated DDB2 expression and DNA repair.	Arecoline	48-57	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	102-105
32722430-9	2020	These data uncover one of mechanisms underlying arecoline-mediated carcinogenicity through inhibiting p53-regulated DDB2 expression and DNA repair.	Arecoline	48-57	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
31397922-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline induces EMT in OSF via the YAP1/BMP4 pathway.	Arecoline	13-22	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
31931863-5	2020	In addition, we examined whether the hypermethylation of SIRT1 followed by its transcriptional downregulation in the human gingival epithelial cells could be caused by arecoline, a major component of BQ.	Arecoline	168-177	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
31282845-6	2019	Arecoline activated YAP by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and inducing the PERK pathway (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), resulting in the initiation of EndMT and leading to OSF.	Arecoline	0-9	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	20-23
31645006-7	2019	RESULTS: AEBN and arecoline induced dyslipidemia by downregulating AMPK (Thr-172) and activating ACC (Ser-79); they also downregulated tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-15).	Arecoline	18-27	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	152-155
31282845-8	2019	These data indicate that arecoline regulates the activity of YAP and highlight an alternative method for treating OSF.	Arecoline	25-34	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	61-64
30821076-2	2019	The present study analyzed arecoline-induced ATM expression during oral cancer progression.	Arecoline	27-36	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	45-48
30821076-5	2019	RESULTS: Low-dose arecoline induced cell proliferation, ATM promoter activity, and DNA repair.	Arecoline	18-27	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	56-59
30624777-10	2019	Further, we found that arecoline-induced H2AX expression was regulated by FMO3.	Arecoline	23-32	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	41-45
30624777-10	2019	Further, we found that arecoline-induced H2AX expression was regulated by FMO3.	Arecoline	23-32	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
31282845-6	2019	Arecoline activated YAP by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and inducing the PERK pathway (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), resulting in the initiation of EndMT and leading to OSF.	Arecoline	0-9	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	86-90
31282845-6	2019	Arecoline activated YAP by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and inducing the PERK pathway (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), resulting in the initiation of EndMT and leading to OSF.	Arecoline	0-9	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	100-157
31253192-13	2019	Importantly, arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, recruited DNMT3B binding to ANK1 promoter for DNA methylation and then attenuated the expression of miR-486-3p in OSCC.	Arecoline	13-22	DNA methyltransferase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	62-68
31253192-13	2019	Importantly, arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, recruited DNMT3B binding to ANK1 promoter for DNA methylation and then attenuated the expression of miR-486-3p in OSCC.	Arecoline	13-22	ankyrin 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
30910432-0	2019	Arecoline suppresses epithelial cell viability through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway via upregulation of PHLPP2.	Arecoline	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
30951892-8	2019	2</protein-id>: HUVECs treated with arecoline exhibited increased autophagosomes, LC3 expression and reduced p62 expression, when co-treated with chloroquine (CQ), which is a specific autophagy inhibitor, revealed the opposite trend.	Arecoline	36-45	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	82-85
30951892-8	2019	2</protein-id>: HUVECs treated with arecoline exhibited increased autophagosomes, LC3 expression and reduced p62 expression, when co-treated with chloroquine (CQ), which is a specific autophagy inhibitor, revealed the opposite trend.	Arecoline	36-45	sequestosome 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
30884126-2	2019	Chronic exposure to arecoline causes genetic changes in the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, induces proliferation through activation of the EGF receptor and promotes downstream COX-2 expression.	Arecoline	20-29	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	182-187
31218858-5	2019	RESULTS: In rats with moderate and high concentrations of arecoline, typical OSF pathological features were observed in the buccal mucosa, the mouth openings were significantly reduced, and the expression levels of type III colla-gen and TGF-beta1 were significantly increased (P&lt;0.05).	Arecoline	58-67	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	238-247
30910432-0	2019	Arecoline suppresses epithelial cell viability through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway via upregulation of PHLPP2.	Arecoline	0-9	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	63-67
30910432-0	2019	Arecoline suppresses epithelial cell viability through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway via upregulation of PHLPP2.	Arecoline	0-9	PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2	Homo sapiens	106-112
30910432-1	2019	Arecoline, the major active ingredient of the betel nut, is involved in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	0-9	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
30910432-4	2019	Furthermore, we found that arecoline reduces the protein level of cyclin D1, but it has no effect on its mRNA level and protein stability, implying that arecoline may modulate the translation of cyclin D1.	Arecoline	27-36	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	66-75
30910432-4	2019	Furthermore, we found that arecoline reduces the protein level of cyclin D1, but it has no effect on its mRNA level and protein stability, implying that arecoline may modulate the translation of cyclin D1.	Arecoline	27-36	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	195-204
30910432-4	2019	Furthermore, we found that arecoline reduces the protein level of cyclin D1, but it has no effect on its mRNA level and protein stability, implying that arecoline may modulate the translation of cyclin D1.	Arecoline	153-162	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	195-204
30910432-5	2019	We also observed the downregulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after treatment with arecoline, which may be related to the translation of cyclin D1.	Arecoline	91-100	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
30910432-5	2019	We also observed the downregulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after treatment with arecoline, which may be related to the translation of cyclin D1.	Arecoline	91-100	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	47-51
30910432-5	2019	We also observed the downregulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after treatment with arecoline, which may be related to the translation of cyclin D1.	Arecoline	91-100	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	145-154
30910432-6	2019	RNA-seq analysis identified that PHLPP2, the direct upstream target of Akt, is significantly upregulated after arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	111-120	PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2	Homo sapiens	33-39
30910432-6	2019	RNA-seq analysis identified that PHLPP2, the direct upstream target of Akt, is significantly upregulated after arecoline treatment.	Arecoline	111-120	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
30910432-7	2019	siRNA-mediated knockdown of PHLPP2 recovered the phosphorylation state of Akt, as well as attenuated the effect of arecoline on cell viability.	Arecoline	115-124	PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2	Homo sapiens	28-34
30910432-8	2019	Thus, our study revealed the crucial role of PHLPP2 in arecoline-induced cell viability suppression.	Arecoline	55-64	PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2	Homo sapiens	45-51
30246378-10	2019	Furthermore, arecoline induced collagen synthesis or migration via the Smad or RhoA-ROCK pathway respectively, which could be inhibited by NLRP3 siRNA or caspase-1 blocker VX-765.	Arecoline	13-22	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	139-144
30246378-11	2019	Ang-(1-7) shifted the balance of RAS toward the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis, inhibited arecoline-induced ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to attenuation of migration or collagen synthesis.	Arecoline	83-92	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	0-3
30246378-11	2019	Ang-(1-7) shifted the balance of RAS toward the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis, inhibited arecoline-induced ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to attenuation of migration or collagen synthesis.	Arecoline	83-92	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
30246378-11	2019	Ang-(1-7) shifted the balance of RAS toward the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis, inhibited arecoline-induced ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to attenuation of migration or collagen synthesis.	Arecoline	83-92	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	53-56
30246378-11	2019	Ang-(1-7) shifted the balance of RAS toward the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis, inhibited arecoline-induced ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to attenuation of migration or collagen synthesis.	Arecoline	83-92	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	109-114
30246378-12	2019	In summary, Ang-(1-7) attenuates arecoline-induced migration and collagen synthesis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in human oral myofibroblasts.	Arecoline	33-42	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	12-15
30246378-12	2019	In summary, Ang-(1-7) attenuates arecoline-induced migration and collagen synthesis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in human oral myofibroblasts.	Arecoline	33-42	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	99-104
30925742-0	2019	Arecoline Promotes Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the EGFR/Src/FAK Pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	78-82
30925742-0	2019	Arecoline Promotes Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the EGFR/Src/FAK Pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	83-86
30925742-11	2019	Taken together, our findings suggest that mAChR3 might play an essential role in Arecoline-promoted EGFR/c-Src/Fak activation and migration in an A549 lung cancer cell line.	Arecoline	81-90	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, gamma polypeptide	Mus musculus	42-48
30925742-11	2019	Taken together, our findings suggest that mAChR3 might play an essential role in Arecoline-promoted EGFR/c-Src/Fak activation and migration in an A549 lung cancer cell line.	Arecoline	81-90	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	100-104
30925742-0	2019	Arecoline Promotes Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the EGFR/Src/FAK Pathway.	Arecoline	0-9	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	87-90
30925742-11	2019	Taken together, our findings suggest that mAChR3 might play an essential role in Arecoline-promoted EGFR/c-Src/Fak activation and migration in an A549 lung cancer cell line.	Arecoline	81-90	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	105-110
30925742-11	2019	Taken together, our findings suggest that mAChR3 might play an essential role in Arecoline-promoted EGFR/c-Src/Fak activation and migration in an A549 lung cancer cell line.	Arecoline	81-90	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	111-114
30925742-4	2019	Here, we investigated the effect of Arecoline on migration in lung cancer cell lines and its potential mechanism through the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (mAChR3)-triggered EGFR/Src/FAK pathway.	Arecoline	36-45	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, gamma polypeptide	Mus musculus	162-168
30925742-4	2019	Here, we investigated the effect of Arecoline on migration in lung cancer cell lines and its potential mechanism through the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (mAChR3)-triggered EGFR/Src/FAK pathway.	Arecoline	36-45	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	180-184
30925742-4	2019	Here, we investigated the effect of Arecoline on migration in lung cancer cell lines and its potential mechanism through the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (mAChR3)-triggered EGFR/Src/FAK pathway.	Arecoline	36-45	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	185-188
30925742-4	2019	Here, we investigated the effect of Arecoline on migration in lung cancer cell lines and its potential mechanism through the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (mAChR3)-triggered EGFR/Src/FAK pathway.	Arecoline	36-45	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	189-192
30925742-7	2019	The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines.	Arecoline	86-95	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
30925742-7	2019	The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines.	Arecoline	86-95	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	9-14
30925742-7	2019	The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines.	Arecoline	86-95	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	15-18
30925742-7	2019	The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines.	Arecoline	202-211	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
30925742-7	2019	The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines.	Arecoline	202-211	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	9-14
30925742-7	2019	The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines.	Arecoline	202-211	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	15-18
30925742-7	2019	The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines.	Arecoline	202-211	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	143-153
30925742-8	2019	Blockade of the EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway with the inhibitors of EGFR (Gefitinib) or c-Src (Dasatinib) significantly prevented Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells.	Arecoline	124-133	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	16-20
30925742-8	2019	Blockade of the EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway with the inhibitors of EGFR (Gefitinib) or c-Src (Dasatinib) significantly prevented Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells.	Arecoline	124-133	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	21-26
30925742-8	2019	Blockade of the EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway with the inhibitors of EGFR (Gefitinib) or c-Src (Dasatinib) significantly prevented Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells.	Arecoline	124-133	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	27-30
30925742-8	2019	Blockade of the EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway with the inhibitors of EGFR (Gefitinib) or c-Src (Dasatinib) significantly prevented Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells.	Arecoline	124-133	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	62-66
30925742-8	2019	Blockade of the EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway with the inhibitors of EGFR (Gefitinib) or c-Src (Dasatinib) significantly prevented Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells.	Arecoline	124-133	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	82-87
30925742-9	2019	Gefitinib or Dasatinib treatment significantly disrupted the Arecoline-induced localization of phospho-Y576-Fak during focal adhesion in A549 cells.	Arecoline	61-70	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	108-111
30925742-10	2019	Interestingly, Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells was blocked by a specific mAChR3 inhibitor (4-DAMP) or a neutralizing antibody of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP7 or Matrilysin).	Arecoline	15-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, gamma polypeptide	Mus musculus	84-90
30925742-10	2019	Interestingly, Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells was blocked by a specific mAChR3 inhibitor (4-DAMP) or a neutralizing antibody of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP7 or Matrilysin).	Arecoline	15-24	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	166-170
30925742-10	2019	Interestingly, Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells was blocked by a specific mAChR3 inhibitor (4-DAMP) or a neutralizing antibody of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP7 or Matrilysin).	Arecoline	15-24	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	174-184
29249416-7	2018	Ectopic expression of GAS5-AS1 significantly reduced the abilities of collagen gel contraction and migration in fBMFs or arecoline-treated BMFs.	Arecoline	121-130	growth arrest specific 5	Homo sapiens	22-26
30893904-8	2019	In vitro studies indicated that EGCG suppressed arecoline-induced ESCC cell proliferation and colony formation through the inhibition of the Akt and ERK1/2 pathway in a reactive oxygen species-independent manner.	Arecoline	48-57	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
30893904-8	2019	In vitro studies indicated that EGCG suppressed arecoline-induced ESCC cell proliferation and colony formation through the inhibition of the Akt and ERK1/2 pathway in a reactive oxygen species-independent manner.	Arecoline	48-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	149-155
30246378-0	2019	Angiotensin (1-7) inhibits arecoline-induced migration and collagen synthesis in human oral myofibroblasts via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Arecoline	27-36	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	122-127
30246378-8	2019	Ang-(1-7) improved arecoline-induced rats OSF, reduced protein levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and the NLRP3 inflammasome.	Arecoline	19-28	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	65-94
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	96-99
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	101-107
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	122-127
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	141-158
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-220
30246378-9	2019	In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1beta axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Arecoline	10-19	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	276-280
30447113-9	2019	We further demonstrated that silence of LINC00974 prevented the arecoline-induced myofibroblast activation, and LINC00974-increased myofibroblast activities were via TGF-beta pathway.	Arecoline	64-73	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 974	Homo sapiens	40-49
30447113-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Altogether, these findings suggested that arecoline-increased myofibroblast transdifferentiation was via LINC00974-mediated activation of TGF-beta signaling.	Arecoline	54-63	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 974	Homo sapiens	117-126
30447113-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Altogether, these findings suggested that arecoline-increased myofibroblast transdifferentiation was via LINC00974-mediated activation of TGF-beta signaling.	Arecoline	54-63	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-158
30214523-7	2018	It may be concluded that in the process of protecting against arecoline-induced hepatic injury, glutathione cooperates with mTOR and beclin 1 to accelerate autophagy, maintaining stable cell morphology and cellular functions.	Arecoline	62-71	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	124-128
30214523-7	2018	It may be concluded that in the process of protecting against arecoline-induced hepatic injury, glutathione cooperates with mTOR and beclin 1 to accelerate autophagy, maintaining stable cell morphology and cellular functions.	Arecoline	62-71	beclin 1, autophagy related	Mus musculus	133-141
29893466-5	2018	Treatment of arecoline in BMFs dose-dependently reduced gene expression of miR-200b, which corresponded with the decreased expression of miR-200b in fBMFs.	Arecoline	13-22	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	75-83
29893466-5	2018	Treatment of arecoline in BMFs dose-dependently reduced gene expression of miR-200b, which corresponded with the decreased expression of miR-200b in fBMFs.	Arecoline	13-22	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	137-145
29893466-6	2018	The arecoline-induced myofibroblast activities were abolished by overexpression of miR-200b in BMFs, and the same results were observed in fBMFs.	Arecoline	4-13	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	83-91
29457855-4	2018	Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to investigate to levels of CD147 in Human Oral Keratinocytes (HOKs) followed by TGF-beta1 or LY2157299, an inhibitor of TGF-beta1 receptor and arecoline stimulation.	Arecoline	194-203	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	78-83
29457855-7	2018	The TGF-beta1 signaling pathway was found to be mainly responsible for CD147 up-regulation after arecoline treatment whereas inhibition of TGF-beta1 down-regulated CD147 expression.	Arecoline	97-106	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	4-13
29457855-7	2018	The TGF-beta1 signaling pathway was found to be mainly responsible for CD147 up-regulation after arecoline treatment whereas inhibition of TGF-beta1 down-regulated CD147 expression.	Arecoline	97-106	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	71-76
29457855-8	2018	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest arecoline promotes CD147 expression via the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway in HOKs, whereas overexpression of CD147 may promote OSF progression.	Arecoline	33-42	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	52-57
29457855-8	2018	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest arecoline promotes CD147 expression via the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway in HOKs, whereas overexpression of CD147 may promote OSF progression.	Arecoline	33-42	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	77-86
30148841-0	2018	Exposure to nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone and arecoline synergistically facilitates tumor aggressiveness via overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.	Arecoline	52-61	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	133-165
30148841-6	2018	We detected abundant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in HNSCC cells after combined treatment with NNK and arecoline.	Arecoline	125-134	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	21-53
30148841-6	2018	We detected abundant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in HNSCC cells after combined treatment with NNK and arecoline.	Arecoline	125-134	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	55-59
30148841-8	2018	Combined treatment with NNK and arecoline synergistically facilitated tumor aggressiveness via EGFR-AKT signaling.	Arecoline	32-41	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	95-99
30148841-8	2018	Combined treatment with NNK and arecoline synergistically facilitated tumor aggressiveness via EGFR-AKT signaling.	Arecoline	32-41	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
29249416-7	2018	Ectopic expression of GAS5-AS1 significantly reduced the abilities of collagen gel contraction and migration in fBMFs or arecoline-treated BMFs.	Arecoline	121-130	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	27-30
30011295-0	2018	Arecoline inhibits the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via AMP-activated protein kinase and reactive oxygen species pathways.	Arecoline	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	58-86
30011295-3	2018	Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	106-131
30011295-3	2018	Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
30011295-3	2018	Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	140-143
30011295-3	2018	Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.	Arecoline	0-9	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	149-152
30011295-3	2018	Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.	Arecoline	0-9	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	173-176
30011295-3	2018	Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	181-190
30011295-3	2018	Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels.	Arecoline	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	228-232
30011295-4	2018	These results suggested that arecoline selectively affected a particular CDK subfamily.	Arecoline	29-38	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
30011295-5	2018	Arecoline inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity; conversely, the AMPK activator, AICAR, blocked the arecoline-induced inhibition of cell viability.	Arecoline	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	20-48
30011295-5	2018	Arecoline inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity; conversely, the AMPK activator, AICAR, blocked the arecoline-induced inhibition of cell viability.	Arecoline	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
30011295-5	2018	Arecoline inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity; conversely, the AMPK activator, AICAR, blocked the arecoline-induced inhibition of cell viability.	Arecoline	117-126	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
30011295-6	2018	Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the actions of arecoline on cell viability, G2/M growth arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of CDK1, p21, p27, p53, cyclin B1, and phospho-AMPK proteins.	Arecoline	79-88	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
30011295-6	2018	Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the actions of arecoline on cell viability, G2/M growth arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of CDK1, p21, p27, p53, cyclin B1, and phospho-AMPK proteins.	Arecoline	79-88	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	194-197
30011295-6	2018	Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the actions of arecoline on cell viability, G2/M growth arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of CDK1, p21, p27, p53, cyclin B1, and phospho-AMPK proteins.	Arecoline	79-88	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	199-202
30011295-6	2018	Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the actions of arecoline on cell viability, G2/M growth arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of CDK1, p21, p27, p53, cyclin B1, and phospho-AMPK proteins.	Arecoline	79-88	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	204-207
30011295-6	2018	Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the actions of arecoline on cell viability, G2/M growth arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of CDK1, p21, p27, p53, cyclin B1, and phospho-AMPK proteins.	Arecoline	79-88	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	209-218
30011295-6	2018	Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the actions of arecoline on cell viability, G2/M growth arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of CDK1, p21, p27, p53, cyclin B1, and phospho-AMPK proteins.	Arecoline	79-88	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	232-236
30011295-7	2018	These AMPK- and ROS-dependent effects of arecoline on preadipocyte growth may be related to the mechanism underlying the modulatory effect of arecoline on body weight.	Arecoline	41-50	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	6-10
30011295-7	2018	These AMPK- and ROS-dependent effects of arecoline on preadipocyte growth may be related to the mechanism underlying the modulatory effect of arecoline on body weight.	Arecoline	142-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	6-10
28704075-2	2018	The nut contains arecoline, which has multiple side effects on endocrine functions.	Arecoline	17-26	NUT midline carcinoma, family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
28550687-0	2018	Tanshinone Suppresses Arecoline-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Epigenetically Reactivating the p53 Pathway.	Arecoline	22-31	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	136-139
28550687-7	2018	In addition, p53 and its downstream molecules were decreased by arecoline treatment in oral mucosal fibroblasts, which was reversed by treatment with TSN in a dose-dependent manner.	Arecoline	64-73	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	13-16
28550687-8	2018	Our results also revealed that arecoline stimulation resulted in hypermethylation of the promoter of TP53 and subsequent downregulation of p53 levels, which was reversed by TSN.	Arecoline	31-40	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	101-105
28550687-8	2018	Our results also revealed that arecoline stimulation resulted in hypermethylation of the promoter of TP53 and subsequent downregulation of p53 levels, which was reversed by TSN.	Arecoline	31-40	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	139-142
29385191-0	2018	Effects of arecoline on proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by dysregulating c-Myc and miR-22, directly targeting oncostatin M.	Arecoline	11-20	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	93-98
29385191-0	2018	Effects of arecoline on proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by dysregulating c-Myc and miR-22, directly targeting oncostatin M.	Arecoline	11-20	microRNA 22	Homo sapiens	103-109
29385191-0	2018	Effects of arecoline on proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by dysregulating c-Myc and miR-22, directly targeting oncostatin M.	Arecoline	11-20	oncostatin M	Homo sapiens	130-142
29385191-5	2018	Interestingly, c-myc promoter activity was also induced by arecoline.	Arecoline	59-68	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	15-20
29385191-6	2018	MiR-22 expression in arecoline-treated OSCC cells was suppressed and comparable to an upregulated c-Myc expression.	Arecoline	21-30	microRNA 22	Homo sapiens	0-6
29385191-7	2018	In arecoline-treated OSCC cells, oncostatin M (OSM) expression was significantly upregulated and inversely correlated with miR-22 expression.	Arecoline	3-12	oncostatin M	Homo sapiens	33-45
29385191-7	2018	In arecoline-treated OSCC cells, oncostatin M (OSM) expression was significantly upregulated and inversely correlated with miR-22 expression.	Arecoline	3-12	microRNA 22	Homo sapiens	123-129
29385191-11	2018	This result suggested the effect of arecoline to promote cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression of OSCC cells might be involved in induction of c-Myc expression and reduction of miR-22 resulting in OSM upregulation.	Arecoline	36-45	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	151-156
29385191-11	2018	This result suggested the effect of arecoline to promote cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression of OSCC cells might be involved in induction of c-Myc expression and reduction of miR-22 resulting in OSM upregulation.	Arecoline	36-45	microRNA 22	Homo sapiens	185-191
28693294-0	2017	Upregulated expression of MMP-9 in gingival epithelial cells induced by prolonged stimulation with arecoline.	Arecoline	99-108	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	26-31
29158789-7	2017	Results: Arecoline increased lactate and ATP production through induction of glycolytic genes, including glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), hexokinase 1 (HK1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and pyruvate kinase (PK).	Arecoline	9-18	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-126
29158789-7	2017	Results: Arecoline increased lactate and ATP production through induction of glycolytic genes, including glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), hexokinase 1 (HK1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and pyruvate kinase (PK).	Arecoline	9-18	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	128-133
29158789-7	2017	Results: Arecoline increased lactate and ATP production through induction of glycolytic genes, including glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), hexokinase 1 (HK1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and pyruvate kinase (PK).	Arecoline	9-18	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	136-148
29158789-7	2017	Results: Arecoline increased lactate and ATP production through induction of glycolytic genes, including glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), hexokinase 1 (HK1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and pyruvate kinase (PK).	Arecoline	9-18	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
29158789-7	2017	Results: Arecoline increased lactate and ATP production through induction of glycolytic genes, including glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), hexokinase 1 (HK1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and pyruvate kinase (PK).	Arecoline	9-18	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	156-168
29158789-7	2017	Results: Arecoline increased lactate and ATP production through induction of glycolytic genes, including glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), hexokinase 1 (HK1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and pyruvate kinase (PK).	Arecoline	9-18	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	170-173
28693294-3	2017	In the present study, in order to characterize the association between chronic arecoline stimulation and carcinogenesis the expression level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA in human gingival epithelial progenitor cells (HGEPs) stimulated with arecoline was assessed.	Arecoline	79-88	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	144-176
28693294-5	2017	The expression levels of the MMPs and TIMPs in the cells stimulated with arecoline were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 18 and 30 days.	Arecoline	73-82	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
28693294-10	2017	All inhibitors decreased the extent of MMP-9 upregulation induced by stimulation with arecoline.	Arecoline	86-95	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	39-44
28233766-8	2017	The results indicated that arecoline increased the messenger RNA and protein expression of CCN2 and alpha-SMA in HGF.	Arecoline	27-36	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
28365254-0	2017	Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline.	Arecoline	98-107	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	14-45
28365254-4	2017	Arecoline, the major areca nut alkaloid, was also found to elevate HIF-1alpha mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (p&lt;0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	67-77
28365254-5	2017	Moreover, arecoline-induced HIF-1alpha expression was downregulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U0126, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, p38 inhibitor SB203580, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (p&lt;0.05).	Arecoline	10-19	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	28-38
28365254-5	2017	Moreover, arecoline-induced HIF-1alpha expression was downregulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U0126, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, p38 inhibitor SB203580, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (p&lt;0.05).	Arecoline	10-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	171-174
28365254-5	2017	Moreover, arecoline-induced HIF-1alpha expression was downregulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U0126, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, p38 inhibitor SB203580, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (p&lt;0.05).	Arecoline	10-19	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	195-211
28233766-8	2017	The results indicated that arecoline increased the messenger RNA and protein expression of CCN2 and alpha-SMA in HGF.	Arecoline	27-36	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	113-116
27648737-0	2017	Down-regulation of beta-catenin and the associated migration ability by Taiwanin C in arecoline and 4-NQO-induced oral cancer cells via GSK-3beta activation.	Arecoline	86-95	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	19-31
27648737-0	2017	Down-regulation of beta-catenin and the associated migration ability by Taiwanin C in arecoline and 4-NQO-induced oral cancer cells via GSK-3beta activation.	Arecoline	86-95	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	136-145
29926602-6	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline significantly increased lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocyte, which might be associated with decreased the FAS expression of key enzyme of lipid synthesis and increased the ATGL and HSL expression of key enzyme of adipolysis.	Arecoline	13-22	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	123-126
29926602-6	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline significantly increased lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocyte, which might be associated with decreased the FAS expression of key enzyme of lipid synthesis and increased the ATGL and HSL expression of key enzyme of adipolysis.	Arecoline	13-22	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	189-193
29926602-6	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline significantly increased lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocyte, which might be associated with decreased the FAS expression of key enzyme of lipid synthesis and increased the ATGL and HSL expression of key enzyme of adipolysis.	Arecoline	13-22	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	198-201
27221705-4	2016	We found that 4NQO and arecoline upregulated miR-211 expression in OSCC cells.	Arecoline	23-32	microRNA 211	Homo sapiens	45-52
27557511-4	2016	OE cells with chronic arecoline exposure resulted in increased ALDH1 population, CD44 positivity, stemness-related transcription factors (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2), epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) traits, chemoresistance, migration/invasiveness/anchorage independent growth and in vivo tumor growth as compared to their untreated controls.	Arecoline	22-31	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
27557511-4	2016	OE cells with chronic arecoline exposure resulted in increased ALDH1 population, CD44 positivity, stemness-related transcription factors (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2), epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) traits, chemoresistance, migration/invasiveness/anchorage independent growth and in vivo tumor growth as compared to their untreated controls.	Arecoline	22-31	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	155-159
27557511-5	2016	Mechanistically, ectopic miR-145 over-expression in chronic arecoline-exposed OE (AOE) cells inhibited the cancer stemness and xenografic.	Arecoline	60-69	microRNA 145	Homo sapiens	25-32
27845370-10	2016	Consistently, silencing ST3GAL2 was found to repress arecoline-induced myofibroblast activity in BMFs.	Arecoline	53-62	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	24-31
27432155-9	2016	Furthermore, in a murine model of carcinogen-induced (arecoline cocktail, an active compound of ANE) oral cancer, Krt17 was significantly up-regulated in all hyperplastic tissues and in carcinoma tissues (p &lt; 0.001).	Arecoline	54-63	keratin 17	Mus musculus	114-119
26464283-0	2016	Helioxanthin suppresses the cross talk of COX-2/PGE2 and EGFR/ERK pathway to inhibit Arecoline-induced Oral Cancer Cell (T28) proliferation and blocks tumor growth in xenografted nude mice.	Arecoline	85-94	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	57-61
26464283-0	2016	Helioxanthin suppresses the cross talk of COX-2/PGE2 and EGFR/ERK pathway to inhibit Arecoline-induced Oral Cancer Cell (T28) proliferation and blocks tumor growth in xenografted nude mice.	Arecoline	85-94	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	62-65
27255601-5	2016	We found that treatment of PC12 cells with arecoline induced the down-regulation of cells viability and up-regulation of apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3, indicating the neurotoxic role of arecoline to PC12 cells.	Arecoline	43-52	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	151-160
27255601-5	2016	We found that treatment of PC12 cells with arecoline induced the down-regulation of cells viability and up-regulation of apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3, indicating the neurotoxic role of arecoline to PC12 cells.	Arecoline	196-205	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	151-160
27255601-6	2016	In addition, arecoline also increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic protein) and attenuated the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) in PC12 cells.	Arecoline	13-22	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
27255601-6	2016	In addition, arecoline also increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic protein) and attenuated the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) in PC12 cells.	Arecoline	13-22	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
27255601-7	2016	Simultaneously, arecoline caused excessive ER stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulations of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12 expressions.	Arecoline	16-25	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	106-134
27255601-7	2016	Simultaneously, arecoline caused excessive ER stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulations of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12 expressions.	Arecoline	16-25	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
27255601-7	2016	Simultaneously, arecoline caused excessive ER stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulations of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12 expressions.	Arecoline	16-25	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	144-193
27255601-7	2016	Simultaneously, arecoline caused excessive ER stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulations of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12 expressions.	Arecoline	16-25	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	195-199
27255601-7	2016	Simultaneously, arecoline caused excessive ER stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulations of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12 expressions.	Arecoline	16-25	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	214-224
26908192-0	2016	Arecoline-induced pro-fibrotic proteins in LLC-PK1 cells are dependent on c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	Arecoline	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Sus scrofa	74-97
29931964-2	2016	METHODS: Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were treated with arecoline at the concentrations of 0,10,30,50, 100,300,500mumol/L, the cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis were analyzed by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cy-tometry, the protein expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and P53 were detected by Western blot.	Arecoline	59-68	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	279-282
29931964-2	2016	METHODS: Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were treated with arecoline at the concentrations of 0,10,30,50, 100,300,500mumol/L, the cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis were analyzed by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cy-tometry, the protein expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and P53 were detected by Western blot.	Arecoline	59-68	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	283-288
29931964-2	2016	METHODS: Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were treated with arecoline at the concentrations of 0,10,30,50, 100,300,500mumol/L, the cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis were analyzed by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cy-tometry, the protein expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and P53 were detected by Western blot.	Arecoline	59-68	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	293-296
29931964-4	2016	However, high concentration(100,300,500mumol/L) arecoline inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, arecoline also significantly increased P53 and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression.	Arecoline	48-57	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	240-245
29931964-4	2016	However, high concentration(100,300,500mumol/L) arecoline inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, arecoline also significantly increased P53 and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression.	Arecoline	156-165	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	195-198
29931964-4	2016	However, high concentration(100,300,500mumol/L) arecoline inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, arecoline also significantly increased P53 and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression.	Arecoline	156-165	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	203-206
29931964-4	2016	However, high concentration(100,300,500mumol/L) arecoline inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, arecoline also significantly increased P53 and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression.	Arecoline	156-165	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	240-245
29931964-5	2016	CONCLUSIONS: High concentration arecoline inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, the mechanism was probably corrected with increasing P53 and Bax protein expression and decreasing Bcl-2 pro-tein expression.	Arecoline	32-41	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	165-168
29931964-5	2016	CONCLUSIONS: High concentration arecoline inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, the mechanism was probably corrected with increasing P53 and Bax protein expression and decreasing Bcl-2 pro-tein expression.	Arecoline	32-41	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	173-176
29931964-5	2016	CONCLUSIONS: High concentration arecoline inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, the mechanism was probably corrected with increasing P53 and Bax protein expression and decreasing Bcl-2 pro-tein expression.	Arecoline	32-41	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	211-216
26908192-5	2016	Arecoline (0.25 mM) also time-dependently (24-72h) increased fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1) protein expressions.	Arecoline	0-9	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	61-72
26908192-5	2016	Arecoline (0.25 mM) also time-dependently (24-72h) increased fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1) protein expressions.	Arecoline	0-9	serpin family E member 1	Sus scrofa	77-110
26908192-5	2016	Arecoline (0.25 mM) also time-dependently (24-72h) increased fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1) protein expressions.	Arecoline	0-9	serpin family E member 1	Sus scrofa	112-116
26908192-6	2016	Arecoline (0.25 mM) time-dependently (24-72h) increased TGF-beta gene transcriptional activity and supernatant levels of active TGF-beta1.	Arecoline	0-9	transforming growth factor beta 1	Sus scrofa	128-137
26908192-7	2016	Moreover, arecoline (0.25 mM) activated JNK while SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) attenuated arecoline-induced TGF-beta gene transcriptional activity.	Arecoline	10-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Sus scrofa	40-43
26908192-7	2016	Moreover, arecoline (0.25 mM) activated JNK while SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) attenuated arecoline-induced TGF-beta gene transcriptional activity.	Arecoline	88-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Sus scrofa	62-65
26908192-8	2016	SP600125, but not SB431542 (a TGF-beta receptor type I kinase inhibitor), attenuated arecoline-induced fibronectin and PAI1 protein expressions.	Arecoline	85-94	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	103-114
26908192-8	2016	SP600125, but not SB431542 (a TGF-beta receptor type I kinase inhibitor), attenuated arecoline-induced fibronectin and PAI1 protein expressions.	Arecoline	85-94	serpin family E member 1	Sus scrofa	119-123
26908192-9	2016	Finally, tubulointerstitial fibrosis occurred and renal cortical expressions of fibronectin and PAI1 proteins increased in arecoline-fed mice at 24 weeks.	Arecoline	123-132	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	80-91
26908192-9	2016	Finally, tubulointerstitial fibrosis occurred and renal cortical expressions of fibronectin and PAI1 proteins increased in arecoline-fed mice at 24 weeks.	Arecoline	123-132	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	96-100
26908192-10	2016	We concluded that arecoline induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice while arecoline-induced TGF-beta and pro-fibrotic proteins (fibronectin, PAI1) are dependent on JNK in LLC-PK1 cells.	Arecoline	78-87	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	132-143
26908192-10	2016	We concluded that arecoline induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice while arecoline-induced TGF-beta and pro-fibrotic proteins (fibronectin, PAI1) are dependent on JNK in LLC-PK1 cells.	Arecoline	78-87	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	145-149
26908192-10	2016	We concluded that arecoline induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice while arecoline-induced TGF-beta and pro-fibrotic proteins (fibronectin, PAI1) are dependent on JNK in LLC-PK1 cells.	Arecoline	78-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	168-171
27405178-0	2016	[Induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 expression by arecoline in vivo].	Arecoline	47-56	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
27405178-1	2016	The regulation mechanism of arecoline on rat hepatic CYP2E1 was studied in vivo.	Arecoline	28-37	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-59
27405178-4	2016	The results indicate that the effect of arecoline on rat hepaticdoes not involve transcriptional activation of the gene, but largely involves the stabilization of CYP2E1 protein against degradation or increased efficiency of CYP2E1 mRNA translation, and additionally involve the post- ranslational modification of CYP2E1 protein.	Arecoline	40-49	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-169
27405178-4	2016	The results indicate that the effect of arecoline on rat hepaticdoes not involve transcriptional activation of the gene, but largely involves the stabilization of CYP2E1 protein against degradation or increased efficiency of CYP2E1 mRNA translation, and additionally involve the post- ranslational modification of CYP2E1 protein.	Arecoline	40-49	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-231
27405178-4	2016	The results indicate that the effect of arecoline on rat hepaticdoes not involve transcriptional activation of the gene, but largely involves the stabilization of CYP2E1 protein against degradation or increased efficiency of CYP2E1 mRNA translation, and additionally involve the post- ranslational modification of CYP2E1 protein.	Arecoline	40-49	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-231
27405178-5	2016	Furthermore, the CYP2E1 response is fairly equal among the different species, the induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 by arecoline suggests that there is a risk of metabolic interaction among the substrate drugs of CYP2E1 in betel-quid use human.	Arecoline	117-126	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
27405178-5	2016	Furthermore, the CYP2E1 response is fairly equal among the different species, the induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 by arecoline suggests that there is a risk of metabolic interaction among the substrate drugs of CYP2E1 in betel-quid use human.	Arecoline	117-126	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
25697104-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: The expression levels of two DNA repair genes (CHAF1A and CHAF1B) and a chromosome segregation gene (AURKA) were susceptible to arecoline exposure, a major alkaloid of areca nut.	Arecoline	140-149	chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A	Homo sapiens	59-65
25697104-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: The expression levels of two DNA repair genes (CHAF1A and CHAF1B) and a chromosome segregation gene (AURKA) were susceptible to arecoline exposure, a major alkaloid of areca nut.	Arecoline	140-149	chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B	Homo sapiens	70-76
25697104-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: The expression levels of two DNA repair genes (CHAF1A and CHAF1B) and a chromosome segregation gene (AURKA) were susceptible to arecoline exposure, a major alkaloid of areca nut.	Arecoline	140-149	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	113-118
25726847-4	2015	Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was to explore whether expression of Lin28B could be changed dose dependent in oral epithelial cells.	Arecoline	0-9	lin-28 homolog B	Homo sapiens	76-82
25726847-5	2015	Control and Lin28B-knockdown arecoline-stimulated oral epithelial cells were subjected to migration/invasion/anchorage-independent growth assay.	Arecoline	29-38	lin-28 homolog B	Homo sapiens	12-18
25726847-8	2015	Arecoline treatment dose dependently induced Lin28B expression in SG and FaDu cells.	Arecoline	0-9	lin-28 homolog B	Homo sapiens	45-51
25726847-9	2015	Lentiviral-mediated silencing Lin28B expression significantly attenuated arecoline-induced oncogenicity including proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and anchorage-independent growth in SG and FaDu cells.	Arecoline	73-82	lin-28 homolog B	Homo sapiens	30-36
25367145-10	2015	Arecoline was found to upregulate HIF-1alpha protein in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05).	Arecoline	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	34-44
25367145-11	2015	Hypoxia increased arecoline-induced PAI-1 protein expression than normoxic conditions (P &lt; 0.05).	Arecoline	18-27	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
25367287-4	2015	METHODS: We set out to explore whether expression of ZEB1 could be triggered in oral epithelial cells (SG and FaDu) by arecoline in vitro.	Arecoline	119-128	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
25367145-0	2015	Hypoxic regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human buccal mucosa fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline.	Arecoline	118-127	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	22-55
25367287-5	2015	Control and ZEB1-knockdown arecoline-stimulated SG and FaDu were subjected to migration/invasiveness/anchorage-independent growth assay.	Arecoline	27-36	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
25367287-7	2015	RESULTS: Arecoline led to dose-dependent elevation of ZEB1 expression in SG and FaDu cells.	Arecoline	9-18	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
25367287-8	2015	Downregulation of ZEB1 by lentiviral infection significantly reversed arecoline-induced oncogenicity including migration ability, cell invasiveness, and anchorage-independent growth in SG and FaDu cells.	Arecoline	70-79	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
26028848-13	2015	Strong immunostaining for COX-2 was detected in arecoline exposed NOMC and cells from OSF patient.	Arecoline	48-57	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	26-31
26275128-6	2015	The detoxifying/antioxidant genes activated by t-CA, especially heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), were found to be involved in its cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress and cell injuries elicited by carcinogens tert-butylhydroperoxide and arecoline.	Arecoline	240-249	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	64-80
26275128-6	2015	The detoxifying/antioxidant genes activated by t-CA, especially heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), were found to be involved in its cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress and cell injuries elicited by carcinogens tert-butylhydroperoxide and arecoline.	Arecoline	240-249	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
25529330-0	2015	Arecoline increases basic fibroblast growth factor but reduces expression of IL-1, IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF in human umbilical vein endothelium.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	77-81
25529330-0	2015	Arecoline increases basic fibroblast growth factor but reduces expression of IL-1, IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF in human umbilical vein endothelium.	Arecoline	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	83-87
25529330-0	2015	Arecoline increases basic fibroblast growth factor but reduces expression of IL-1, IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF in human umbilical vein endothelium.	Arecoline	0-9	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	89-94
25529330-0	2015	Arecoline increases basic fibroblast growth factor but reduces expression of IL-1, IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF in human umbilical vein endothelium.	Arecoline	0-9	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	99-105
25872484-0	2015	miR-203 inhibits arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and transmembrane-4 L six family member 1 in oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	17-26	microRNA 203a	Homo sapiens	0-7
25872484-0	2015	miR-203 inhibits arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and transmembrane-4 L six family member 1 in oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	17-26	secreted frizzled related protein 4	Homo sapiens	83-118
25872484-0	2015	miR-203 inhibits arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and transmembrane-4 L six family member 1 in oral submucous fibrosis.	Arecoline	17-26	transmembrane 4 L six family member 1	Homo sapiens	123-160
25912158-0	2015	Knockdown of S100A4 impairs arecoline-induced invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinomas.	Arecoline	28-37	S100 calcium binding protein A4	Homo sapiens	13-19
25912158-4	2015	The functions of S100A4 in invasiveness of arecoline-treated oral epithelial (OE) cells were determined by loss function approaches.	Arecoline	43-52	S100 calcium binding protein A4	Homo sapiens	17-23
25912158-7	2015	Arecoline led to dose-dependent elevation of S100A4 expression in oral epithelial (OE) cells.	Arecoline	0-9	S100 calcium binding protein A4	Homo sapiens	45-51
25912158-8	2015	Down-regulation of S100A4 significantly reversed arecoline-induced oncogenecity in OE cells.	Arecoline	49-58	S100 calcium binding protein A4	Homo sapiens	19-25
25912158-9	2015	The additions of pharmacological agents LY294002, SP600125, and CAY10585 were found to inhibit arecoline-induced S100A4 expression in OE cells.	Arecoline	95-104	S100 calcium binding protein A4	Homo sapiens	113-119
25912158-10	2015	CONCLUSION: Arecoline-induced S100A4 expression was down-regulated by LY294002, SP600125, or CAY10585 treatment.	Arecoline	12-21	S100 calcium binding protein A4	Homo sapiens	30-36
25204733-3	2015	In this study, we showed that increased pro-IL-1beta expression was associated with the severity of oral malignant transformation in a mouse OSCC model induced by 4-Nitroquinolin-1-oxide (4-NQO) and arecoline, two carcinogens related to tobacco and betel quid, respectively.	Arecoline	199-208	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	44-52
24436257-4	2015	Arecoline-induced Egr-1 expression and its signaling pathways were assessed by Western blot analyses in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs).	Arecoline	0-9	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
24436257-6	2015	Arecoline, a main alkaloid found in the areca nut, stimulated Egr-1 synthesis in BMFs.	Arecoline	0-9	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
24436257-7	2015	Pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059 significantly reduced arecoline-induced Egr-1 synthesis.	Arecoline	179-188	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	197-202
24436257-8	2015	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibited arecoline-induced Egr-1 synthesis and collagen gel contraction in a dose-responsive manner.	Arecoline	44-53	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
25204733-5	2015	In a human OSCC cell line TW2.6, we demonstrated nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and arecoline stimulated IL-1beta secretion in an inflammasome-dependent manner.	Arecoline	95-104	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	116-124
25695047-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Arecoline, the most potent and abundant alkaloid of betel nut, causes elevation of serum testosterone and androgen receptor expression in rat prostate, in addition to increase in serum insulin levels in rats, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes-like conditions.	Arecoline	12-21	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	118-135
25695047-7	2015	Critical genes related to beta-cell regeneration, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), were found to be activated by arecoline at the protein level.	Arecoline	167-176	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
25695047-7	2015	Critical genes related to beta-cell regeneration, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), were found to be activated by arecoline at the protein level.	Arecoline	167-176	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-126
25695047-7	2015	Critical genes related to beta-cell regeneration, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), were found to be activated by arecoline at the protein level.	Arecoline	167-176	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-134
25351956-8	2014	Specifically, arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, reduced miR329, miR410, and Meg3 gene expression.	Arecoline	14-23	microRNA 410	Homo sapiens	69-75
25351956-8	2014	Specifically, arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, reduced miR329, miR410, and Meg3 gene expression.	Arecoline	14-23	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	81-85