PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
23133418-0	2012	Potential contribution of aromatase inhibition to the effects of nicotine and related compounds on the brain.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	26-35
23133418-7	2012	Several lines of evidence suggest that many of the reported sex differences related to cigarette smoking may stem from the inhibitory effects of nicotine and other tobacco alkaloids on estrogen synthesis via the enzyme aromatase (cyp19a gene product).	Nicotine	145-153	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	219-228
23133418-9	2012	This review provides a summary of experimental evidence supporting brain aromatase as a potential mediator and/or modulator of nicotine actions in the brain, contributing to sex differences in smoking behavior.	Nicotine	127-135	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	73-82
22520577-9	2012	Nicotine induced a statistically significant increase in the expression of PI3K and in P-Akt/Akt ratio as well as in the expression of PKC, ERK1/2, survivin, and P-Bcl2 (Ser70) in both cell lines.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
22520577-9	2012	Nicotine induced a statistically significant increase in the expression of PI3K and in P-Akt/Akt ratio as well as in the expression of PKC, ERK1/2, survivin, and P-Bcl2 (Ser70) in both cell lines.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
22520577-9	2012	Nicotine induced a statistically significant increase in the expression of PI3K and in P-Akt/Akt ratio as well as in the expression of PKC, ERK1/2, survivin, and P-Bcl2 (Ser70) in both cell lines.	Nicotine	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	135-138
22520577-9	2012	Nicotine induced a statistically significant increase in the expression of PI3K and in P-Akt/Akt ratio as well as in the expression of PKC, ERK1/2, survivin, and P-Bcl2 (Ser70) in both cell lines.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	140-146
22926197-0	2012	Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ adipokine gene expression levels are modulated in murine adipose tissues by both nicotine and nACh receptors containing the beta2 subunit.	Nicotine	107-115	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-8
22926197-4	2012	Additionally, when nicotine was administered to wild-type mice, it significantly affected the expression of adipokine genes, such as Tnfalpha, AdipoQ, Haptoglobin and Mcp1 in WAT.	Nicotine	19-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	133-141
22926197-4	2012	Additionally, when nicotine was administered to wild-type mice, it significantly affected the expression of adipokine genes, such as Tnfalpha, AdipoQ, Haptoglobin and Mcp1 in WAT.	Nicotine	19-27	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	167-171
22926197-6	2012	Furthermore, interactions between mouse beta2 subunit and nicotine treatment affected the expression levels of the adipokine genes Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ in WAT and of AdipoQ in BAT.	Nicotine	58-66	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	131-139
23149874-0	2012	Nicotine induces the expression of C-reactive protein via MAPK-dependent signal pathway in U937 macrophages.	Nicotine	0-8	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	35-53
23149874-5	2012	The present study was to observe effect of nicotine on CRP production and the related signal pathway in U937 macrophages.	Nicotine	43-51	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	55-58
23149874-6	2012	The results showed that nicotine significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of CRP in U937 macrophages in time- and concentration-dependent ways.	Nicotine	24-32	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	88-91
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	23-31	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	54-57
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	23-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	98-104
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	23-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	241-249	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	54-57
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	241-249	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
22544838-7	2012	Progress has been made using knockout mouse models, highlighting the importance of alpha5 nAChR subunits in regulating nicotine intake, particularly those localized to the habenula-interpeduncular nucleus pathway.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
22820273-2	2012	The N398 variant of CHRNA5 is linked to increased risk for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-26
22990212-2	2012	The regulation of feeding and metabolism by nicotine is complex, and recent studies have begun to identify nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and circuits or cell types involved in this regulation.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-139
22990212-2	2012	The regulation of feeding and metabolism by nicotine is complex, and recent studies have begun to identify nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and circuits or cell types involved in this regulation.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
22990212-4	2012	Then, we will describe the nAChR subtypes expressed in these structures in mammals to identify the possible molecular targets for nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
23424878-4	2012	Nicotine was separated by C18 reversed-phase column, examined by ultraviolet detector, quantified by peak area and qualitatively measured by its retentive time.	Nicotine	0-8	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	26-29
22923641-6	2012	Treatment of primary cultures of BEC with nicotine increased levels of nAChR subunits and that increase was potentiated by lynx1 knockdown.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
22923641-6	2012	Treatment of primary cultures of BEC with nicotine increased levels of nAChR subunits and that increase was potentiated by lynx1 knockdown.	Nicotine	42-50	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
22923641-7	2012	Lynx1 knockdown also potentiated the nicotine-induced increase in GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)R) and MUC5AC mRNA expression, and that effect was blocked by alpha7 antagonists and alpha7 knockdown.	Nicotine	37-45	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21070506-1	2012	From studies in cultured cells and animal models, nicotine and alcohol are known to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2).	Nicotine	50-58	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	93-138
21070506-1	2012	From studies in cultured cells and animal models, nicotine and alcohol are known to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2).	Nicotine	50-58	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	140-146
21070506-8	2012	Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relation among the number of cigarettes smoked daily (R(2)=0.266, P=0.003), the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score (R(2)=0.149, P=0.032) and the mRNA expression of ERK1.	Nicotine	152-160	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	227-231
22904093-9	2012	Nicotine and Ang II enhanced this TLR-mediated IL-6 response in prehypertensive SHR splenocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
22904093-10	2012	In contrast, nicotine suppressed the TLR-mediated IL-6 response in WKY rats, whereas Ang II had no effect.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
22904093-11	2012	In vivo, nicotine enhanced plasma levels of TLR7/8-mediated IL-6 and IL-1beta responses in prehypertensive SHRs but suppressed these responses in WKY rats.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
22904093-11	2012	In vivo, nicotine enhanced plasma levels of TLR7/8-mediated IL-6 and IL-1beta responses in prehypertensive SHRs but suppressed these responses in WKY rats.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	69-77
22923641-9	2012	Consistent with this, inhibition of Src signaling blocked the ability of the lynx1 knockdown to increase basal and nicotine-stimulated GABA(A)R and mucin mRNA expression.	Nicotine	115-123	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	36-39
22923641-9	2012	Consistent with this, inhibition of Src signaling blocked the ability of the lynx1 knockdown to increase basal and nicotine-stimulated GABA(A)R and mucin mRNA expression.	Nicotine	115-123	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
22458409-4	2012	Here, we tested in fetal NSCs the extent to which EtOH and nicotine coregulated known EtOH-sensitive (miR-9, miR-21, miR-153, and miR-335), a nicotine-sensitive miRNA (miR-140-3p), and mRNAs for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	59-67	microRNA 153	Mus musculus	117-124
22804734-1	2012	Long-term treatment with nicotine or selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists increases the number of alpha7 nAChRs and this up-regulation may be involved in the mechanism underlying the sustained procognitive effect of these compounds.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
22804734-8	2012	Furthermore, our data suggest that nicotine and A-582941 induce up-regulation through different mechanisms, and that this confers differential sensitivity to the effects of alpha7 nAChR PAMs.	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
22771975-3	2012	Entrapping pep2-SVKI, a peptide known to compete for the binding of GluA2 subunit to scaffolding proteins involved in AMPA receptor endocytosis, in NAC synaptosomes prevented the nicotine-induced reduction of AMPA-mediated [3H]DA exocytosis, while pep2-SVKE, used as negative control, was inefficacious.	Nicotine	179-187	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
22771975-5	2012	Western blot analysis of GluA2 immunoreactivity showed that presynaptic GluA2 proteins in NAc terminals were reduced in nicotine-pretreated synaptosomes when compared to the control.	Nicotine	120-128	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
22771975-5	2012	Western blot analysis of GluA2 immunoreactivity showed that presynaptic GluA2 proteins in NAc terminals were reduced in nicotine-pretreated synaptosomes when compared to the control.	Nicotine	120-128	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
23060793-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The procognitive actions of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine are believed, in part, to motivate the excessive cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, a disorder associated with deficits in multiple cognitive domains, including low-level auditory sensory processes and higher-order attention-dependent operations.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-76
23060793-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The procognitive actions of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine are believed, in part, to motivate the excessive cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, a disorder associated with deficits in multiple cognitive domains, including low-level auditory sensory processes and higher-order attention-dependent operations.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
22187147-7	2012	Interestingly, most of the differentially expressed genes in these pathways leading to nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and those important inhibitors of pathways leading to apoptosis, including FLIP and Bcl-2, were up-regulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	244-252	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	102-108
22922325-4	2012	Here, using zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that nicotine alters the expression of the validated endocrine disruption (ED) biomarkers, vitellogenin (vtg 1 and vtg 2) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b) at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1b	Danio rerio	172-197
22922325-4	2012	Here, using zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that nicotine alters the expression of the validated endocrine disruption (ED) biomarkers, vitellogenin (vtg 1 and vtg 2) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b) at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1b	Danio rerio	212-220
22187147-7	2012	Interestingly, most of the differentially expressed genes in these pathways leading to nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and those important inhibitors of pathways leading to apoptosis, including FLIP and Bcl-2, were up-regulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	244-252	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	110-119
22187147-7	2012	Interestingly, most of the differentially expressed genes in these pathways leading to nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and those important inhibitors of pathways leading to apoptosis, including FLIP and Bcl-2, were up-regulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	244-252	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	216-221
21968931-0	2012	The CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
22791813-7	2012	Using the PDAC cell lines BxPC-3 and Panc-1 and immortalized pancreatic duct epithelial cell line HPDE6-C7, our current experiments reveal a significant sensitization of the nAChR-driven autocrine catecholamine regulatory loop in cells pre-exposed to nicotine for 7 days.	Nicotine	251-259	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
22791813-8	2012	The resulting increase in catecholamine production was associated with significant inductions in the phosphorylation of signaling proteins ERK, CREB, Src and AKT, upregulated protein expression of nAChR subunits alpha3, alpha4, alpha5 and alpha7 and increased responsiveness to nicotine in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and cell migration assays.	Nicotine	278-286	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
22345320-10	2012	According to type of treatment used, CAR 9-24 for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline were 38.2%, 55.6%, and 58.3%, respectively.	Nicotine	50-58	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12	Homo sapiens	37-45
23158075-12	2012	The ratio of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 mRNA expression in rat distal PASMCs treated with nicotine (100 nmol/L, 48 h) to control group were (62 +- 14)% (P < 0.05) and (72 +- 15)% (P < 0.01), respectively.	Nicotine	79-87	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
23158075-13	2012	Nicotine inhibited Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 mRNA expression in rat distal PASMCs.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
22546501-0	2012	Nicotine stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells could augment HBV specific CTL priming by activating PI3K-Akt pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	114-117
22546501-7	2012	The results showed that: first, the maximal activation of PI3K and Akt was reached at 30 and 60-120 min respectively after nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	123-131	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	67-70
22546501-8	2012	Nicotine up-regulated the expression of alpha7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs" ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-gamma in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	0-8	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	72-75
22546501-8	2012	Nicotine up-regulated the expression of alpha7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs" ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-gamma in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	408-417
22546501-8	2012	Nicotine up-regulated the expression of alpha7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs" ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-gamma in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	109-117	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	408-417
22876217-7	2012	We will characterize both ethanol and nicotine"s effects on nAChR-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity in several key brain areas that are important for addiction.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
22101982-2	2012	Recent genetic studies have highlighted the importance of variants of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 genomic cluster in human nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-80
22688057-7	2012	Treatment with nicotine prevented decreased expression and altered localization of occludin and ZO-1, as seen in animals undergoing burn alone.	Nicotine	15-23	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
21724624-5	2012	Nicotine-dependent activation of leucocytes caused attenuation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in the control group (P < 0.01), but not in MPO(low) individuals (P = 0.12); here the MPO burden of leucocytes correlated with the degree of vasomotor dysfunction (P = 0.008).	Nicotine	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	201-204
22562289-5	2012	RESULTS: In utero nicotine increased interleukin-13 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) in the neonatal lung.	Nicotine	18-26	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	37-51
22713471-0	2012	Requirement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway for the effect of nicotine on interleukin-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat model of osteoarthritis.	Nicotine	89-97	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
22713471-0	2012	Requirement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway for the effect of nicotine on interleukin-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat model of osteoarthritis.	Nicotine	89-97	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	101-118
22713471-4	2012	We aimed to investigate the effect of nicotine on IL-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and the mechanism underlying how nicotine antagonizes IL-1beta-induced apoptosis of rat chondrocytes.	Nicotine	38-46	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	50-58
22713471-4	2012	We aimed to investigate the effect of nicotine on IL-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and the mechanism underlying how nicotine antagonizes IL-1beta-induced apoptosis of rat chondrocytes.	Nicotine	122-130	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	143-151
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	59-67
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
22713471-9	2012	Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is, in part, required for the effect of nicotine on IL-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat model of osteoarthritis.	Nicotine	75-83	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
22713471-9	2012	Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is, in part, required for the effect of nicotine on IL-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat model of osteoarthritis.	Nicotine	75-83	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	87-95
22526143-7	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment transiently induced translation of GluR2 mRNA and Akt phosphorylation with a concomitant increase of YB-1/HSP60 interaction.	Nicotine	9-17	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	78-81
22543020-0	2012	Accord insertion in the 5" flanking region of CYP6G1 confers nicotine resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.	Nicotine	61-69	Cyp6g1	Drosophila melanogaster	46-52
22543020-7	2012	By contrast, all the four strains with Accord-mediated CYP6G1 overexpression are resistant to nicotine, a plant allelochemical.	Nicotine	94-102	Cyp6g1	Drosophila melanogaster	55-61
22543020-8	2012	Genetic crosses between DDT resistant and susceptible Accord-insertion strains, as well as crosses between Accord-insertion and Accord-free strains demonstrated that Accord insertion and CYP6G1 overexpression are genetically linked to nicotine resistance rather than DDT resistance.	Nicotine	235-243	Cyp6g1	Drosophila melanogaster	187-193
22543020-9	2012	These results suggest that naturally-occurring allelochemicals such as nicotine are the initial driving force for the worldwide prevalence of the Accord insertion allele of CYP6G1 in D. melanogaster natural populations.	Nicotine	71-79	Cyp6g1	Drosophila melanogaster	173-179
22495174-0	2012	DRD1 associations with smoking abstinence across slow and normal nicotine metabolizers.	Nicotine	65-73	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	0-4
22495174-6	2012	Our findings support the role of DRD1 in nicotine dependence, and identify genetic and nicotine metabolism profiles that may interact to impact nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	41-49	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	33-37
22593584-1	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) cell surface expression levels are modulated during nicotine dependence and multiple disorders of the nervous system, but the mechanisms underlying nAChR trafficking remain unclear.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22593584-1	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) cell surface expression levels are modulated during nicotine dependence and multiple disorders of the nervous system, but the mechanisms underlying nAChR trafficking remain unclear.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22488850-6	2012	We found a unique genome-wide significant gene region--SH3BP5-NR2C2--that was enriched with 11 replicable risk SNPs for alcohol and nicotine co-dependence.	Nicotine	132-140	SH3 domain binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	55-61
22488850-6	2012	We found a unique genome-wide significant gene region--SH3BP5-NR2C2--that was enriched with 11 replicable risk SNPs for alcohol and nicotine co-dependence.	Nicotine	132-140	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	62-67
22488850-11	2012	We concluded that the SH3BP5-NR2C2 region on Chromosome 3 might harbor causal loci for alcohol and nicotine co-dependence.	Nicotine	99-107	SH3 domain binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	22-28
22488850-11	2012	We concluded that the SH3BP5-NR2C2 region on Chromosome 3 might harbor causal loci for alcohol and nicotine co-dependence.	Nicotine	99-107	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
22209221-0	2012	HBD-1 and hBD-2 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	defensin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
22209221-0	2012	HBD-1 and hBD-2 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	10-15
22209221-2	2012	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of nicotine on the gene expression of human beta-defensin-1 and -2 in HaCaT keratinocytes.	Nicotine	69-77	defensin beta 1	Homo sapiens	110-132
22209221-7	2012	RESULTS: Pretreatment with nicotine caused a significant 2.5-fold inhibition of TNF-alpha-stimulated hBD-2 mRNA expression compared to TNF-alpha alone (p = 0.004).	Nicotine	27-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-89
22209221-7	2012	RESULTS: Pretreatment with nicotine caused a significant 2.5-fold inhibition of TNF-alpha-stimulated hBD-2 mRNA expression compared to TNF-alpha alone (p = 0.004).	Nicotine	27-35	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	101-106
22209221-7	2012	RESULTS: Pretreatment with nicotine caused a significant 2.5-fold inhibition of TNF-alpha-stimulated hBD-2 mRNA expression compared to TNF-alpha alone (p = 0.004).	Nicotine	27-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	135-144
22209221-8	2012	Simultaneous treatment with TNF-alpha and nicotine caused a significant 2-fold inhibition of hBD-2 mRNA compared to TNF-alpha alone (p = 0.041).	Nicotine	42-50	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	93-98
22209221-8	2012	Simultaneous treatment with TNF-alpha and nicotine caused a significant 2-fold inhibition of hBD-2 mRNA compared to TNF-alpha alone (p = 0.041).	Nicotine	42-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-125
22209221-9	2012	CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the pre-exposition to nicotine seems to reduce a stimulating effect of TNF-alpha on the gene expression of hBD-2.	Nicotine	67-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-125
22209221-9	2012	CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the pre-exposition to nicotine seems to reduce a stimulating effect of TNF-alpha on the gene expression of hBD-2.	Nicotine	67-75	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	152-157
22349311-0	2012	Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species mediates nicotine-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	47-55	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	64-95
22349311-3	2012	Here we reported that proinvasive effect of nicotine is analogous to that of hypoxia and involves stabilization and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, a key factor in determining the presence of HIF-1 and expression of its downstream metastasis-associated genes.	Nicotine	44-52	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	130-167
22349311-3	2012	Here we reported that proinvasive effect of nicotine is analogous to that of hypoxia and involves stabilization and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, a key factor in determining the presence of HIF-1 and expression of its downstream metastasis-associated genes.	Nicotine	44-52	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	213-218
22349311-4	2012	Furthermore, nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha was dependent on mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Nicotine	13-21	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	46-56
22349311-5	2012	Ecotopic expression of mitochondrial targeted catalase effectively prevented nicotine-induced accumulation of HIF-1alpha protein.	Nicotine	77-85	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	110-120
22349311-6	2012	In addition, we demonstrated that the effect of nicotine in upregulation of HIF-1alpha was mediated by Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DhbetaE)-sensitive nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and required synergistic cooperation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.	Nicotine	48-56	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	76-86
22349311-6	2012	In addition, we demonstrated that the effect of nicotine in upregulation of HIF-1alpha was mediated by Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DhbetaE)-sensitive nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and required synergistic cooperation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.	Nicotine	48-56	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	231-234
22281529-2	2012	In trigeminal neurons (TG), we found that nicotine (75 muM)-activated whole-cell currents through nAChRs were reversibly reduced by menthol in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 111 muM.	Nicotine	42-50	latexin	Homo sapiens	55-58
22281529-2	2012	In trigeminal neurons (TG), we found that nicotine (75 muM)-activated whole-cell currents through nAChRs were reversibly reduced by menthol in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 111 muM.	Nicotine	42-50	latexin	Homo sapiens	196-199
22248034-0	2012	Neuroprotection by nicotine against colchicine-induced apoptosis is mediated by PI3-kinase--Akt pathways.	Nicotine	19-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
22248034-6	2012	These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of nicotine are mediated by the alpha7 nAChRs and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.	Nicotine	58-66	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
22248034-9	2012	These data suggested that crosstalk between PI3K Akt and p38 or JNK signaling pathways contributed to nicotine against colchicine-induced cytotoxicity.	Nicotine	102-110	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
22248034-9	2012	These data suggested that crosstalk between PI3K Akt and p38 or JNK signaling pathways contributed to nicotine against colchicine-induced cytotoxicity.	Nicotine	102-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	57-60
22248034-9	2012	These data suggested that crosstalk between PI3K Akt and p38 or JNK signaling pathways contributed to nicotine against colchicine-induced cytotoxicity.	Nicotine	102-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	64-67
22427701-10	2012	The acetylcholine-induced, atropine-insensitive relaxations and those to nicotine both involve the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway.	Nicotine	73-81	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
22489671-10	2012	Nicotine induced ER stress, as evidenced by survival molecules, such as phosphorylated protein kinase-like ER-resident kinase, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha and glucose-regulated protein-78, and apoptotic molecules, such as CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP).	Nicotine	0-8	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	295-299
22489671-11	2012	Nicotine treatment led to the downregulation of ECM molecules, including collagen type I, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulation of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9).	Nicotine	0-8	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	102-113
22489671-12	2012	Inhibition of ER stress by salubrinal and transfection of CHOP small interfering RNA attenuated the nicotine-induced cell death, ECM degradation and production of MMPs.	Nicotine	100-108	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	58-62
22489671-13	2012	Salubrinal and CHOP small interfering RNA inhibited the effects of nicotine on the activation of Akt, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB.	Nicotine	67-75	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
22349182-2	2012	Cultured human endothelial cells were exposed to 1 muM nicotine for 5 days.	Nicotine	55-63	latexin	Homo sapiens	51-54
22349182-7	2012	The nicotine-induced Cx43 downregulation functionally impaired intercellular dye transfer, which could be prevented by mecamylamine, kappa-bungarotoxin, lobeline, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine but not alpha-bungarotoxin, indicating that the nAChR subtypes alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta2 but not alpha7 are involved in signal cascade.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	241-246
22349182-8	2012	RT-PCR analysis revealed that nicotine exposure resulted in the upregulation of alpha3 and beta4 and the downregulation of alpha4-nAChR, while alpha7- and beta2-nAChR-mRNA expressions remained unaltered.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
22349182-8	2012	RT-PCR analysis revealed that nicotine exposure resulted in the upregulation of alpha3 and beta4 and the downregulation of alpha4-nAChR, while alpha7- and beta2-nAChR-mRNA expressions remained unaltered.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
22483037-0	2012	Nicotine-induced changes of brain beta-endorphin.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	34-48
22483037-2	2012	Although behavioral studies have shown that beta-endorphin contributes to the rewarding and emotional effects of nicotine, whether the drug alters the function of brain endorphinergic neurons is not fully explored.	Nicotine	113-121	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	44-58
22483037-3	2012	These studies investigated the effect of acute, 1mg/kg, sc, and chronic, daily injection of 1mg/kg, sc, for 14 days, administration of free base nicotine on brain beta-endorphin and its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	Nicotine	145-153	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	163-177
22483037-4	2012	Acute and chronic treatment with nicotine decreased beta-endorphin content in hypothalamus, the principal site of beta-endorphin producing neurons in the brain, and in the endorphinergic terminal fields in striatum and hippocampus.	Nicotine	33-41	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	52-66
22483037-4	2012	Acute and chronic treatment with nicotine decreased beta-endorphin content in hypothalamus, the principal site of beta-endorphin producing neurons in the brain, and in the endorphinergic terminal fields in striatum and hippocampus.	Nicotine	33-41	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	114-128
22483037-5	2012	The acute effect of nicotine on beta-endorphin was reversed by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine and the dopamine antagonist haloperidol, indicating pharmacological specificity and involvement of dopamine D2-like receptors.	Nicotine	20-28	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	32-46
22483037-7	2012	POMC mRNA in hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex was unchanged following acute nicotine, but it decreased moderately with chronic treatment.	Nicotine	78-86	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-4
22483037-9	2012	Taken together, these results could be interpreted to indicate that nicotine alters the synthesis and release of beta-endorphin in the limbic brain in vivo.	Nicotine	68-76	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	113-127
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	135-151
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	153-157
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	169-173
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	215-219
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	228-263
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	265-276
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	279-283
22561688-4	2012	Acute infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) or nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, markedly increased the incidence of AAA in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and in mice deficient in both apoE and the AMP-activated kinase alpha1 subunit (AMPK-alpha1) (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa1(-/-) mice).	Nicotine	44-52	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	290-296
22561688-5	2012	In contrast, genetic deletion of AMPK-alpha2 (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa2(-/-) mice) ablated nicotine- or AngII-triggered AAA in vivo.	Nicotine	83-91	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	33-44
22561688-5	2012	In contrast, genetic deletion of AMPK-alpha2 (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa2(-/-) mice) ablated nicotine- or AngII-triggered AAA in vivo.	Nicotine	83-91	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	46-50
22561688-5	2012	In contrast, genetic deletion of AMPK-alpha2 (Apoe(-/-); Prkaa2(-/-) mice) ablated nicotine- or AngII-triggered AAA in vivo.	Nicotine	83-91	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	57-63
22561688-6	2012	Mechanistically, we found that both nicotine and AngII activated AMPK-alpha2 in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the phosphorylation of activator protein 2alpha (AP-2alpha) and consequent matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) gene expression.	Nicotine	36-44	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	65-76
22561688-7	2012	We conclude that smoking (through nicotine) instigates AAA through AMPK-alpha2-mediated AP-2alpha-dependent MMP2 expression in VSMCs.	Nicotine	34-42	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	67-78
22241830-0	2012	Analysis of detailed phenotype profiles reveals CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster association with several nicotine dependence traits.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-54
22640768-8	2012	It is not surprising that the genes discovered so far act in a variety of ways: via altered metabolism of drug (the alcohol and nicotine metabolic gene variants), via altered function of a drug receptor (the nicotinic receptor, which may alter affinity for nicotine but as discussed may also alter circuitry of reward), and via general mechanisms of addiction (genes such as monoamine oxidase A and the serotonin transporter that modulate stress response, emotion, and behavioral control).	Nicotine	128-136	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	403-424
22640768-8	2012	It is not surprising that the genes discovered so far act in a variety of ways: via altered metabolism of drug (the alcohol and nicotine metabolic gene variants), via altered function of a drug receptor (the nicotinic receptor, which may alter affinity for nicotine but as discussed may also alter circuitry of reward), and via general mechanisms of addiction (genes such as monoamine oxidase A and the serotonin transporter that modulate stress response, emotion, and behavioral control).	Nicotine	257-265	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	403-424
22640768-10	2012	A few well-validated, specific predictors such as OPRM1, ADH1B, ALDH2, CHRNA5, and CYP26 have been identified and can provide some specific guidance, for example, to understand alcohol-related flushing and upper GI cancer risk (ADH1B and AKLDH2), variation in nicotine metabolism (CYP26), and, potentially, naltrexone treatment response (OPRM1).	Nicotine	260-268	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-77
22640768-10	2012	A few well-validated, specific predictors such as OPRM1, ADH1B, ALDH2, CHRNA5, and CYP26 have been identified and can provide some specific guidance, for example, to understand alcohol-related flushing and upper GI cancer risk (ADH1B and AKLDH2), variation in nicotine metabolism (CYP26), and, potentially, naltrexone treatment response (OPRM1).	Nicotine	260-268	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
22624500-8	2012	In primary cultured mouse astrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed MPP(+)-induced or LPS-induced astrocyte activation, as evidenced by both decreased production of TNF-alpha and inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38 activation in astrocytes, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	173-182
22048129-6	2012	Nicotine decreased P50 amplitude in controls; family members had a mixed response: eight decreased and six increased P50 amplitude with nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7	Homo sapiens	19-22
22119045-0	2012	Nicotine up-regulates IL-8 expression in human gingival epithelial cells following stimulation with IL-1beta or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	22-26
22119045-0	2012	Nicotine up-regulates IL-8 expression in human gingival epithelial cells following stimulation with IL-1beta or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	100-108
22119045-2	2012	The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and cellular signalling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs).	Nicotine	51-59	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	102-115
22119045-2	2012	The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and cellular signalling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs).	Nicotine	51-59	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	117-121
22119045-8	2012	Nicotine increased the secretion of IL-8 from HGECs that were cultured in the presence of IL-1beta or P. gingivalis LPS and also induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in epi 4.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	36-40
22119045-8	2012	Nicotine increased the secretion of IL-8 from HGECs that were cultured in the presence of IL-1beta or P. gingivalis LPS and also induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in epi 4.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	90-98
22119045-10	2012	Furthermore, nicotine-induced IL-8 secretion was decreased by pretreatment with non-selective nAChR antagonist, ERK1/2 inhibitor or intracellular calcium chelator.	Nicotine	13-21	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	30-34
22119045-11	2012	CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that nicotine increases IL-8 production in gingival epithelial cells via ERK phosphorylation following Ca(2+) signalling after nAChR activation.	Nicotine	41-49	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	60-64
22042234-3	2012	Genetic variation in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster has been associated with early substance experimentation, nicotine dependence, and other drug behaviors.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-31
22300039-3	2012	The nonneuronal alpha7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors are a primary target for nicotine through the JAK2 and STAT3/NF-kappaB pathways, ultimately mediating the inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene transcription.	Nicotine	80-88	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	110-115
22300039-3	2012	The nonneuronal alpha7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors are a primary target for nicotine through the JAK2 and STAT3/NF-kappaB pathways, ultimately mediating the inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene transcription.	Nicotine	80-88	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	116-125
22048129-6	2012	Nicotine decreased P50 amplitude in controls; family members had a mixed response: eight decreased and six increased P50 amplitude with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7	Homo sapiens	117-120
22048129-10	2012	Nicotine increased P50 amplitude in abstinent smokers and decreased it in nonabstinent smokers.	Nicotine	0-8	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7	Homo sapiens	19-22
22086359-0	2012	CREB involvement in the regulation of striatal prodynorphin by nicotine.	Nicotine	63-71	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-4
22086359-2	2012	CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 is enhanced by drugs of abuse, including nicotine.	Nicotine	72-80	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-4
22086359-6	2012	RESULTS: Acute nicotine increased adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP, and pCREB Ser133 levels in striatum and enhanced CREB binding to CRE elements (DynCREs) of the PD promoter, preferentially DynCRE3.	Nicotine	15-23	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	72-76
22086359-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that nicotine regulates PD expression in striatum at the transcriptional level and CREB is involved.	Nicotine	39-47	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	117-121
22147259-0	2012	Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in brain reward deficits associated with cocaine and nicotine withdrawal and somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	102-110	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5	Mus musculus	15-48
22267538-4	2012	Adrenomedullin, PlGF, and VEGF gene transcripts were significantly upregulated by 1% CSE treatment compared with unstimulated cells or cells treated with nicotine alone.	Nicotine	154-162	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	26-30
22537161-6	2012	IFN-gamma and RA could collaborate with nicotine in elevating the expression of MUC4, utilizing E2F1 and STAT1 transcription factors.	Nicotine	40-48	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
22309446-8	2012	Nicotine increased P20 and P80 amplitudes, decreased N40 amplitude, increased P20 and N40 latencies, and reduced P80 latency.	Nicotine	0-8	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	19-22
22309446-8	2012	Nicotine increased P20 and P80 amplitudes, decreased N40 amplitude, increased P20 and N40 latencies, and reduced P80 latency.	Nicotine	0-8	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	78-81
22095388-9	2012	Cells pretreated with nicotine prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation exhibited a lower production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 compared to LPS-treated (only) cells.	Nicotine	22-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-118
22095388-9	2012	Cells pretreated with nicotine prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation exhibited a lower production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 compared to LPS-treated (only) cells.	Nicotine	22-30	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	120-124
22095388-9	2012	Cells pretreated with nicotine prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation exhibited a lower production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 compared to LPS-treated (only) cells.	Nicotine	22-30	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	130-134
22095388-10	2012	Cells that were transfected with alpha7 siRNA and subsequently incubated with nicotine and LPS, exhibited a higher expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 compared with non-transfected cells or alpha1 and alpha5 siRNA-transfected cells.	Nicotine	78-86	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-138
22095388-10	2012	Cells that were transfected with alpha7 siRNA and subsequently incubated with nicotine and LPS, exhibited a higher expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 compared with non-transfected cells or alpha1 and alpha5 siRNA-transfected cells.	Nicotine	78-86	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	140-144
22095388-10	2012	Cells that were transfected with alpha7 siRNA and subsequently incubated with nicotine and LPS, exhibited a higher expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 compared with non-transfected cells or alpha1 and alpha5 siRNA-transfected cells.	Nicotine	78-86	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	150-154
22095388-12	2012	Therefore, we concluded that alpha1, alpha5, alpha7, and beta2 nAChR subunits are highly expressed in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE16) after nicotinic incubation and that the alpha7 subunit is involved in the nicotine-induced inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory factors.	Nicotine	217-225	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
22245993-5	2012	Secondly, lower doses of nicotine (16.5 ng/ml), but not higher (200 microg/ml), up-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD40 and CD54 on imDCs.	Nicotine	25-33	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	140-144
22382680-0	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 and beta4 subunits contribute nicotine-induced apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells.	Nicotine	70-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22382680-3	2012	Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of nicotine by means of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation in PDLSCs.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
22382680-3	2012	Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of nicotine by means of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation in PDLSCs.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
22382680-5	2012	The gene expressions of alpha7 and beta4 nAChR were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
22382680-8	2012	Western blot analysis confirmed that p53 proteins were phosphorylated by nicotine.	Nicotine	73-81	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	37-40
22382680-9	2012	Under various doses of nicotine, a decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but an increase in p53 and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, was detected in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	23-31	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	74-79
22382680-9	2012	Under various doses of nicotine, a decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but an increase in p53 and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, was detected in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	23-31	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	100-103
22382680-9	2012	Under various doses of nicotine, a decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but an increase in p53 and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, was detected in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	23-31	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	116-125
22382680-10	2012	However, the apoptotic effect of nicotine was inhibited by the pretreatment of alpha-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist or mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
22382680-10	2012	However, the apoptotic effect of nicotine was inhibited by the pretreatment of alpha-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist or mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
22382680-11	2012	Finally, increases in the subG1 phase and DNA fragmentation by nicotine was attenuated by each nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
22102629-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: CPD is an important simple measure that captures in part the genetic associations of CHRNA5 and nicotine dependence, even when other more comprehensive measures of smoking behaviors are examined.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-104
22008662-7	2012	Rs16969968 in CHRNA5 was associated with the amount of nicotine used and in particular smoking 25 cigarettes or more per day.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-20
22380605-1	2012	Gene association studies in humans have linked the alpha5 subunit gene CHRNA5 to an increased risk for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	103-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-77
22803143-1	2012	Experiments on outbred albino mice have shown that proserine (reversible cholinesterase inhibitor) and nicotine (nicotinic receptor agonist) in a equivalent dose of 0.2 DL(50)injected 2 h before sepsis induction significantly reduced animal mortality from experimental infection due to reduction of blood concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Nicotine	103-111	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	349-358
22803143-1	2012	Experiments on outbred albino mice have shown that proserine (reversible cholinesterase inhibitor) and nicotine (nicotinic receptor agonist) in a equivalent dose of 0.2 DL(50)injected 2 h before sepsis induction significantly reduced animal mortality from experimental infection due to reduction of blood concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Nicotine	103-111	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	360-368
22803143-1	2012	Experiments on outbred albino mice have shown that proserine (reversible cholinesterase inhibitor) and nicotine (nicotinic receptor agonist) in a equivalent dose of 0.2 DL(50)injected 2 h before sepsis induction significantly reduced animal mortality from experimental infection due to reduction of blood concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Nicotine	103-111	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	374-378
21955800-0	2012	The polymorphism of the CHRNA5 gene and the strength of nicotine addiction in lung cancer and COPD patients.	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-30
21955800-1	2012	A rare variant of chromosomal region 15q25.1, marked by rs16969968 (substitution 1354G>A in CHRNA5), was found to be associated with increased lung cancer and nicotine-dependence risk.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-101
21955800-2	2012	We attempted to confirm the relationship of the polymorphism of the CHRNA5 gene and nicotine-dependence strength measured by the Fagerstrom test with the serum cotinine level in lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and healthy individuals.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-74
21955800-13	2012	We report for the first time the relationship between the polymorphism of the CHRNA5 gene and the strength of nicotine addiction measured by multiple factors including the Fagerstrom test score.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-84
23033686-18	2012	Catalase activity decreased at the dose of 3 mg kg(-1) and 6 mg kg(-1) nicotine in young and old rats but no effect was observed in adult rats at any of the doses.	Nicotine	71-79	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
22155207-3	2012	In isolated porcine endothelium-denuded basilar arteries in the presence of U-46619-induced active muscle tone, fluoxetine in low concentration (<0.03 muM) significantly enhanced nicotine- and choline-induced relaxations.	Nicotine	182-190	latexin	Homo sapiens	154-157
22155207-7	2012	In addition, fluoxetine at 0.03 muM and 3 muM significantly enhanced and blocked, respectively, nicotine-induced norepinephrine (NE) release from cerebral perivascular sympathetic nerves.	Nicotine	96-104	latexin	Homo sapiens	32-35
22155207-7	2012	In addition, fluoxetine at 0.03 muM and 3 muM significantly enhanced and blocked, respectively, nicotine-induced norepinephrine (NE) release from cerebral perivascular sympathetic nerves.	Nicotine	96-104	latexin	Homo sapiens	42-45
22240023-0	2012	Nicotine-mediated induction of E-selectin in aortic endothelial cells requires Src kinase and E2F1 transcriptional activity.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	79-82
22240023-3	2012	Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced E-selectin transcription in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be significantly blocked by alpha7-nAChR subunit inhibitor, alpha-BT, Src-kinase inhibitor, PP2, or siRNAs against Src or beta-Arrestin-1 (beta-Arr1).	Nicotine	25-33	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	185-188
22240023-3	2012	Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced E-selectin transcription in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be significantly blocked by alpha7-nAChR subunit inhibitor, alpha-BT, Src-kinase inhibitor, PP2, or siRNAs against Src or beta-Arrestin-1 (beta-Arr1).	Nicotine	25-33	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	230-233
22240023-3	2012	Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced E-selectin transcription in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be significantly blocked by alpha7-nAChR subunit inhibitor, alpha-BT, Src-kinase inhibitor, PP2, or siRNAs against Src or beta-Arrestin-1 (beta-Arr1).	Nicotine	25-33	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	237-252
22240023-3	2012	Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced E-selectin transcription in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be significantly blocked by alpha7-nAChR subunit inhibitor, alpha-BT, Src-kinase inhibitor, PP2, or siRNAs against Src or beta-Arrestin-1 (beta-Arr1).	Nicotine	25-33	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	254-263
22240023-7	2012	Similarly, depletion of E2F1 or Src using RNAi blocked the increased adhesion of monocytes to nicotine-stimulated HAECs.	Nicotine	94-102	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	32-35
22240023-8	2012	These results suggest that nicotine-stimulated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells is dependent on the activation of alpha7-nAChRs, beta-Arr1 and cSrc regulated increase in E2F1-mediated transcription of E-selectin gene.	Nicotine	27-35	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	139-148
22240023-8	2012	These results suggest that nicotine-stimulated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells is dependent on the activation of alpha7-nAChRs, beta-Arr1 and cSrc regulated increase in E2F1-mediated transcription of E-selectin gene.	Nicotine	27-35	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	153-157
22129620-3	2012	Studies in the periphery and in vitro studies show that catestatin blocks nicotine-stimulated catecholamine release and interacts with beta-adrenoceptors and histamine receptors.	Nicotine	74-82	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	56-66
22042774-3	2012	We undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes in African American and European American nicotine-dependent smokers and smokers without symptoms of dependence.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-88
22188668-8	2012	The nicotinic agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, and its nitrosated carcinogenic derivative NNK induced the phosphorylation of CREB, ERK, Src, and AKT and these responses were inhibited by propranolol.	Nicotine	38-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
22188668-8	2012	The nicotinic agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, and its nitrosated carcinogenic derivative NNK induced the phosphorylation of CREB, ERK, Src, and AKT and these responses were inhibited by propranolol.	Nicotine	38-46	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	137-140
22188668-8	2012	The nicotinic agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, and its nitrosated carcinogenic derivative NNK induced the phosphorylation of CREB, ERK, Src, and AKT and these responses were inhibited by propranolol.	Nicotine	38-46	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
22012472-2	2012	Genome-wide association studies and rodent models have demonstrated that the alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA5) is important in regulating nicotine intake.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-129
22266216-1	2012	We investigated the role of endogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) system in nicotine-mediated improvement of learning and memory in rat model of Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Nicotine	70-78	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	39-53
22266216-1	2012	We investigated the role of endogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) system in nicotine-mediated improvement of learning and memory in rat model of Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Nicotine	70-78	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
22266216-5	2012	In the probe test conducted at 24h time point, nicotine, NPY or [Leu(31), Pro(34)]-NPY increased the time spent by 72.72%, 44.11% and 26.47%, respectively; while BIBP3226 caused reduction (8.82%).	Nicotine	47-55	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
22800703-7	2012	NF-kappaB expression in the nucleus were increased in SCC15 cells treated with 1 micromol/L nicotine for 24, 48 and 72 h and the A value for NF-kappaB DNA binding activity was 1.509, 1.093 and 0.746, respectively, which were higher than in control group (0.544).	Nicotine	92-100	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
22800703-7	2012	NF-kappaB expression in the nucleus were increased in SCC15 cells treated with 1 micromol/L nicotine for 24, 48 and 72 h and the A value for NF-kappaB DNA binding activity was 1.509, 1.093 and 0.746, respectively, which were higher than in control group (0.544).	Nicotine	92-100	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	141-150
22800703-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine induced SCC15 cell growth and apoptosis, which maybe by NF-kappaB signal pathway activated in oral cancer cells.	Nicotine	13-21	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	78-87
22265867-5	2012	Moreover, nicotine exposure significantly increased the expressions of fetal hippocampal 11beta-HSD-1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and decreased the expressions of fetal hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenal steroid acute regulatory protein, and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme.	Nicotine	10-18	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-101
22169004-0	2012	A novel U-STAT3-dependent mechanism mediates the deleterious effects of chronic nicotine exposure on renal injury.	Nicotine	80-88	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	10-15
22169004-9	2012	Our results reveal a novel, chronic NIC-exposure-related and U-STAT3-dependent mechanism as mediator of a sustained transcription of genes that are linked to remodeling and inflammation in the kidney during injury.	Nicotine	36-39	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	63-68
22198237-11	2012	The anti-angiogenic activity of MG624 was mediated via the suppression of nicotine-induced FGF2 levels in HMEC-Ls.	Nicotine	74-82	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
22251798-7	2012	NAC transcription factor, a differential gene identified by SSH, had been proved to have a role in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis.	Nicotine	117-125	uncharacterized LOC107823995	Nicotiana tabacum	0-24
21356140-6	2012	The levels of the three subunits alpha7, alpha4 and beta2 were significantly decreased in Abeta rats, but these were also normalized in Abeta rats chronically treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
22279108-2	2012	Our previous in vitro studies suggested that exposure to the nicotine component of cigarette smoke skews the differentiation of both human and mouse dendritic cell (DC) precursors into atypical DCs (DCs differentiated ex vivo in the presence of nicotine) lacking parameters essential for the development of Th1-mediated immunity.	Nicotine	61-69	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	307-310
22279108-2	2012	Our previous in vitro studies suggested that exposure to the nicotine component of cigarette smoke skews the differentiation of both human and mouse dendritic cell (DC) precursors into atypical DCs (DCs differentiated ex vivo in the presence of nicotine) lacking parameters essential for the development of Th1-mediated immunity.	Nicotine	245-253	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	307-310
22279108-9	2012	In addition, DC subsets isolated from mice exposed to nicotine produced significantly less cytokines in response to Th1 adjuvants and inadequately supported the development of Ag-specific Th1 cells.	Nicotine	54-62	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	116-119
22279108-9	2012	In addition, DC subsets isolated from mice exposed to nicotine produced significantly less cytokines in response to Th1 adjuvants and inadequately supported the development of Ag-specific Th1 cells.	Nicotine	54-62	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	188-191
22154844-9	2012	Nicotine significantly reduced expression of Cx43 and Cx37 as well as average length of capillary branches, number of branches and pattern in the Matrigel assay.	Nicotine	0-8	gap junction protein alpha 4	Homo sapiens	54-58
22093924-3	2012	In muscles and C2C12 myotubes, cholinergic excitation by exposure to nicotine or the organophosphorous pesticide, Paraoxon, induced Tristetraprolin overproduction while reducing pro-inflammatory transcripts such as IL-6, CXCL1 (KC) and CCL2 (MCP-1).	Nicotine	69-77	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	215-219
22093924-3	2012	In muscles and C2C12 myotubes, cholinergic excitation by exposure to nicotine or the organophosphorous pesticide, Paraoxon, induced Tristetraprolin overproduction while reducing pro-inflammatory transcripts such as IL-6, CXCL1 (KC) and CCL2 (MCP-1).	Nicotine	69-77	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	221-226
22490492-0	2012	Nicotine inhibits histone deacetylase 6 activity and chaperone-dependent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor in A549 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	18-39
22490492-0	2012	Nicotine inhibits histone deacetylase 6 activity and chaperone-dependent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor in A549 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	91-114
22490492-3	2012	In this paper, we investigated whether nicotine could inhibit histone deacetylase 6 activity (HDAC6) and chaperone-dependent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in A549 cells.	Nicotine	39-47	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	62-83
22490492-3	2012	In this paper, we investigated whether nicotine could inhibit histone deacetylase 6 activity (HDAC6) and chaperone-dependent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in A549 cells.	Nicotine	39-47	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	94-99
22490492-3	2012	In this paper, we investigated whether nicotine could inhibit histone deacetylase 6 activity (HDAC6) and chaperone-dependent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in A549 cells.	Nicotine	39-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	143-166
22490492-3	2012	In this paper, we investigated whether nicotine could inhibit histone deacetylase 6 activity (HDAC6) and chaperone-dependent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in A549 cells.	Nicotine	39-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	168-170
22490492-7	2012	RESULTS: A549 cell proliferation was inhibited in the presence of nicotine, and the level of RNA and protein expression of HDAC6 and GR were down-regulated.	Nicotine	66-74	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	133-135
22490492-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine could inhibit HDAC6 activity and chaperone-dependent activation of GR.	Nicotine	13-21	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	36-41
22490492-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine could inhibit HDAC6 activity and chaperone-dependent activation of GR.	Nicotine	13-21	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	89-91
22165966-2	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated intracellular signaling in response to nicotine has recently been implicated in the growth regulation of NSCLC.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22165966-2	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated intracellular signaling in response to nicotine has recently been implicated in the growth regulation of NSCLC.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22165966-7	2012	Our data indicate that nicotine stimulated the growth of NSCLC xenografts via modulation of nAChR upregulation and activation of cAMP signaling.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
22165966-9	2012	Activation of critical proteins in the oncogenic pathway, including CREB, ERK, Akt, and Src, and upregulation of alpha-4 and alpha-7 subunits of nAChR provided mechanistic insight for the observed stimulatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	219-227	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
21494800-0	2012	Nicotine induces pro-inflammatory response in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells through a NFkappaB/osteopontin amplification loop-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	92-100
21494800-7	2012	We found that NFkappaB was activated after nicotine administration.	Nicotine	43-51	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	14-22
21494800-8	2012	Nicotine upregulated OPN, IL-6, and MCP-1 expressions, and this effect attenuated after PDTC pretreatment.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	26-30
21494800-10	2012	We concluded that nicotine induces a pro-inflammatory response in VSMC through a NFkappaB/osteopontin amplification loop-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	18-26	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	81-89
22008662-8	2012	Overall, the results confirm the involvement of the CHRNA5 gene in the amount of nicotine use and further suggest involvement of the BDNF gene in smoking behavior.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-58
22137651-5	2012	Nicotine was detected in concentrations ranging from 7ngL(-1) to 15ngL(-1) in 5 of 10 bottled mineral waters.	Nicotine	0-8	leucine rich repeat containing 4C	Homo sapiens	54-60
22137651-5	2012	Nicotine was detected in concentrations ranging from 7ngL(-1) to 15ngL(-1) in 5 of 10 bottled mineral waters.	Nicotine	0-8	leucine rich repeat containing 4C	Homo sapiens	67-73
22115820-10	2012	Calcium accumulation; ALP activity; and mRNA levels of ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1alphaI), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly decreased by treatment with 2mM of nicotine, while osteocalcin transcripts decreased by treatment with 1 to 2 mM of nicotine.	Nicotine	225-233	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	55-58
22115820-10	2012	Calcium accumulation; ALP activity; and mRNA levels of ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1alphaI), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly decreased by treatment with 2mM of nicotine, while osteocalcin transcripts decreased by treatment with 1 to 2 mM of nicotine.	Nicotine	225-233	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	164-169
22115820-10	2012	Calcium accumulation; ALP activity; and mRNA levels of ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1alphaI), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly decreased by treatment with 2mM of nicotine, while osteocalcin transcripts decreased by treatment with 1 to 2 mM of nicotine.	Nicotine	306-314	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	55-58
22115820-10	2012	Calcium accumulation; ALP activity; and mRNA levels of ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1alphaI), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly decreased by treatment with 2mM of nicotine, while osteocalcin transcripts decreased by treatment with 1 to 2 mM of nicotine.	Nicotine	306-314	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	164-169
22108052-2	2012	Among the many chemicals in CS is nicotine - which affects cells through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
22108052-6	2012	Nicotine induction of hHSC proliferation, upregulation of collagen1-alpha2 and the pro-fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) was determined along with involved intracellular signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-151
22108052-11	2012	Additionally, collagen1-alpha2 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated by nicotine and inhibited by mecamylamine.	Nicotine	95-103	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	35-44
22425227-0	2012	Nicotine modulates the immunological function of dendritic cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma upregulation.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	73-121
22425227-3	2012	Secretion of IL-12 and TNF-alpha by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NiDCs was significantly suppressed compared to monocyte-derived DCs grown without nicotine.	Nicotine	154-162	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	23-32
22425227-8	2012	These data suggest the effect of nicotine on altering DC immunogenicity by impeding Th1 immunity is partially mediated by upregulation of PPAR gamma.	Nicotine	33-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	138-148
23061658-6	2012	Moreover variants on the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNB4-CHRNA5 are associated with nicotine addiction antismoking therapy and antismoking therapy side-effects.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-58
21494021-7	2012	We demonstrated that TSP-1, TGF-beta1 and PAI-1 increased after nicotine administration.	Nicotine	64-72	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-37
21494021-7	2012	We demonstrated that TSP-1, TGF-beta1 and PAI-1 increased after nicotine administration.	Nicotine	64-72	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
22329817-3	2012	This study was carried out in the rat to investigate the effect of increasing doses of nicotine on subsets of magnocellular neurons containing either oxytocin or vasopressin.	Nicotine	87-95	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	162-173
21764527-0	2012	Association between CHRNA5 genetic variation at rs16969968 and brain reactivity to smoking images in nicotine dependent women.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-26
21764527-3	2012	Genome wide association studies revealed a relationship between development of nicotine dependence and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs16969968) of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha-5 subunit gene (CHRNA5).	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-192
21764527-3	2012	Genome wide association studies revealed a relationship between development of nicotine dependence and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs16969968) of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha-5 subunit gene (CHRNA5).	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
21764527-3	2012	Genome wide association studies revealed a relationship between development of nicotine dependence and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs16969968) of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha-5 subunit gene (CHRNA5).	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	223-229
22201862-5	2012	More data is needed to determine whether repetitive activation of nAChR with intermittent or acute exposure to nicotine, acute activation of nAChR, or long-lasting inactivation of nAChR secondary to chronic nicotine exposure will have a therapeutic effect and/or explain the beneficial effects of those types of drugs.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
22801289-4	2012	Elevated IL-6 was associated with higher nicotine use.	Nicotine	41-49	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	9-13
22150678-3	2012	KEY FINDINGS: ERT was effective in preventing the rise in plasma lipid profile, atherogenic index and the level of induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) in nicotine-treated OVX rats.	Nicotine	146-154	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-135
21534240-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Smoking is associated with hyperparathyroidism in the elderly general population and nicotine, the main component of tobacco smoke, stimulates PTH release in experimental models.	Nicotine	109-117	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	167-170
22013232-5	2012	nAChR-mediated inward currents were evoked by brief pressure pulses of nicotine or the alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist RJR-2403.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
22266216-8	2012	However, in these rats nicotine treatment for 4 days restored NPY-immunoreactivity to the control level.	Nicotine	23-31	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
21928352-8	2012	These findings suggest that CCN2 contributes to the CSE and nicotine-induced proliferation of rPASMCs at least in part by upregulating cyclin D1 expression.	Nicotine	60-68	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	135-144
23394447-0	2012	Change in nicotine-induced VEGF, PGE2 AND COX-2 expression following COX inhibition in human oral squamous cancer.	Nicotine	10-18	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	27-31
23394447-0	2012	Change in nicotine-induced VEGF, PGE2 AND COX-2 expression following COX inhibition in human oral squamous cancer.	Nicotine	10-18	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	42-47
23394447-7	2012	We found that exposure of BHY cells to nicotine (200 microg/mL for 6 hours) resulted in 2.9-fold induction of COX-2 expression as well as a 4-fold increase in VEGF levels compared with a control group.	Nicotine	39-47	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	110-115
23394447-7	2012	We found that exposure of BHY cells to nicotine (200 microg/mL for 6 hours) resulted in 2.9-fold induction of COX-2 expression as well as a 4-fold increase in VEGF levels compared with a control group.	Nicotine	39-47	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	159-163
23394447-8	2012	Pretreatment with celecoxib inhibited nicotine-induced change in the expression of VEGF and COX-2.	Nicotine	38-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	83-87
23394447-8	2012	Pretreatment with celecoxib inhibited nicotine-induced change in the expression of VEGF and COX-2.	Nicotine	38-46	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	92-97
23394447-9	2012	The results suggest that stimulation of COX-2 and VEGF expression can contribute as important factors in the tumorigenic action of nicotine in oral cancer progression.	Nicotine	131-139	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	40-45
23394447-9	2012	The results suggest that stimulation of COX-2 and VEGF expression can contribute as important factors in the tumorigenic action of nicotine in oral cancer progression.	Nicotine	131-139	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	50-54
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	47-65
22441542-2	2012	Whether these effects can be contributed to the immunomodulatory effects of nicotine via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation is unclear.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
22441542-7	2012	RESULTS: Repeated nicotine exposure upregulated CHRNA7 expression on THP-I monocytes and led to an enhanced potential of alpha7 nAChR agonist GSK1345038A to reduce TNF levels.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
22441542-7	2012	RESULTS: Repeated nicotine exposure upregulated CHRNA7 expression on THP-I monocytes and led to an enhanced potential of alpha7 nAChR agonist GSK1345038A to reduce TNF levels.	Nicotine	18-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-167
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	67-70
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-115
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-123
23251458-9	2012	All together, these findings demonstrated that nicotine enhanced insulin sensitivity in animals with or without insulin resistance, at least in part via stimulating alpha7-nAChR-STAT3 pathway independent of inflammation.	Nicotine	47-55	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	178-183
23238464-5	2012	RESULTS: Our findings revealed that in both memory acquisition and consolidation, nicotine, an agonist of cholinergic receptors (0.035 and 0.175 mg/kg, free base, sc), reduced TL on the second day of the experiment (TL2), thus improving memory.	Nicotine	82-90	brachyury, T-box transcription factor T	Mus musculus	216-219
23251458-0	2012	Chronic exposure to nicotine enhances insulin sensitivity through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-STAT3 pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	106-111
22952905-0	2012	Environmental enrichment alters nicotine-mediated locomotor sensitization and phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and CREB in rat prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	32-40	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	97-105
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	205-213	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	138-181
23049750-5	2012	Imputation of the CYP2A6 locus revealed that haplotypes underlying the CNP and the SNP corresponded to classical, functional alleles of CYP2A6 gene that regulate nicotine metabolism and explained 2% of the phenotypic variance of CPD (ANOVA F-test P=9.5 x 10(-52)).	Nicotine	162-170	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	71-74
22952803-0	2012	Nicotine promotes proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating alpha7AChR, ERK, HIF-1alpha and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
22952803-0	2012	Nicotine promotes proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating alpha7AChR, ERK, HIF-1alpha and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	103-113
22952803-0	2012	Nicotine promotes proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating alpha7AChR, ERK, HIF-1alpha and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	118-122
22952803-4	2012	The mechanism studies showed that the observed stimulation of proliferation was accompanied by the nicotine-mediated simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	99-107	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	156-166
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	205-213	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	183-187
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	255-263	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	138-181
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	255-263	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	183-187
23226481-3	2012	Given the proposed role of CaMKIV in CREB activation, we hypothesized that CaMKIV might be a crucial molecular component in the development of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	143-151	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	37-41
22761932-4	2012	In addition, the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine is associated with a beta2-subunit containing nAChR-dependent increase in jnk1 (mapk8) transcription in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	80-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	169-174
22761932-0	2012	Learning and nicotine interact to increase CREB phosphorylation at the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	71-75
22761932-4	2012	In addition, the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine is associated with a beta2-subunit containing nAChR-dependent increase in jnk1 (mapk8) transcription in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
22761932-4	2012	In addition, the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine is associated with a beta2-subunit containing nAChR-dependent increase in jnk1 (mapk8) transcription in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	80-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	163-167
22761932-5	2012	In the present study, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to examine whether learning and nicotine interact to alter transcription factor binding or histone acetylation at the jnk1 promoter region.	Nicotine	100-108	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	186-190
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	146-150
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	378-382
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	304-312	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	146-150
22442718-0	2012	Chronic nicotine modifies skeletal muscle Na,K-ATPase activity through its interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and phospholemman.	Nicotine	8-16	FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-146
22442718-7	2012	Chronic nicotine treatment activated PKCalpha/beta2 and PKCdelta and was accompanied by parallel increases in PLM phosphorylation at Ser(63) and Ser(68).	Nicotine	8-16	FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
22393406-8	2012	Significant excitatory Ca(2+) influxes were evoked by ACE, IMI, and nicotine at concentrations greater than 1 microM in small neurons in cerebellar cultures that expressed the mRNA of the alpha3, alpha4, and alpha7 nAChR subunits.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	215-220
20665032-0	2012	Nicotine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-45
20665032-0	2012	Nicotine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	54-58
20665032-0	2012	Nicotine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	63-67
20665032-4	2012	Nicotine at concentrations of 0.1-10 muM dose reduced the protein and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	89-93
20665032-4	2012	Nicotine at concentrations of 0.1-10 muM dose reduced the protein and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha).	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	98-102
20665032-4	2012	Nicotine at concentrations of 0.1-10 muM dose reduced the protein and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha).	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	114-141
20665032-4	2012	Nicotine at concentrations of 0.1-10 muM dose reduced the protein and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha).	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	143-151
20665032-5	2012	Nicotine also inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (p65) translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, based on Western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	24-50
20665032-6	2012	In conclusion, nicotine can inhibit the TNFalpha dependant inflammatory pathway in synoviocytes by suppressing the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-48
22027514-4	2011	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam antibiotic and GLT-1 activator on nicotine antinociception and its tolerance.	Nicotine	118-126	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
22027514-7	2011	These results suggest that GLT-1 transporter activation enhances and preserves nicotine antinociception and identify beta-lactam antibiotics as potential complementary therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic pain.	Nicotine	79-87	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
21971485-2	2011	We have reported that the StAR expression in fetal adrenal is inhibited in a rat model of nicotine-induced intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).	Nicotine	90-98	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
22028403-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Genetic variants located at 15q25, including those in the cholinergic receptor nicotinic cluster (CHRNA5) have been implicated in both lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence in recent genome-wide association studies.	Nicotine	168-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-116
21671006-0	2011	The role of IL-1beta in nicotine-induced immunosuppression and neuroimmune communication.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	12-20
21671006-5	2011	To examine the relationship between NT, IL-1beta, and immunosuppression, we hypothesized that NT induces IL-1beta in the brain, and its constant presence produces immunological "tolerance".	Nicotine	94-96	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	40-48
21671006-5	2011	To examine the relationship between NT, IL-1beta, and immunosuppression, we hypothesized that NT induces IL-1beta in the brain, and its constant presence produces immunological "tolerance".	Nicotine	94-96	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	105-113
21671006-9	2011	Moreover, the immunosuppressive effects of NT might be at least partly mediated through its effects on the brain IL-1beta.	Nicotine	43-45	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	113-121
22952803-11	2012	These results therefore indicate that nicotine promotes proliferation of human NPC cells in vitro through simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling and suggest that the related molecules such as HIF-1alpha might be the potential therapeutic targets for tobacco-associated diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinomas.	Nicotine	38-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	157-160
22952803-11	2012	These results therefore indicate that nicotine promotes proliferation of human NPC cells in vitro through simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling and suggest that the related molecules such as HIF-1alpha might be the potential therapeutic targets for tobacco-associated diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinomas.	Nicotine	38-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	165-169
22952803-11	2012	These results therefore indicate that nicotine promotes proliferation of human NPC cells in vitro through simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling and suggest that the related molecules such as HIF-1alpha might be the potential therapeutic targets for tobacco-associated diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinomas.	Nicotine	38-46	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	232-242
22952803-4	2012	The mechanism studies showed that the observed stimulation of proliferation was accompanied by the nicotine-mediated simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	99-107	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
22952803-4	2012	The mechanism studies showed that the observed stimulation of proliferation was accompanied by the nicotine-mediated simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	99-107	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	176-180
22952803-6	2012	Transfection with a alpha7AChR or HIF-1alpha-specific siRNA or a alpha7AChR-selective inhibitor significantly attenuated the nicotine-mediated promotion of NPC cell proliferation.	Nicotine	125-133	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	34-44
22952803-7	2012	Nicotine also promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not JNK and p38 proteins, thereby induced the activation of ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	46-52
22952803-7	2012	Nicotine also promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not JNK and p38 proteins, thereby induced the activation of ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
22952803-7	2012	Nicotine also promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not JNK and p38 proteins, thereby induced the activation of ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	121-125
22952803-8	2012	Pretreatment with an ERK-selective inhibitor effectively reduced the nicotine-induced proliferation of NPC cells.	Nicotine	69-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
22952803-9	2012	Moreover, nicotine upregulated the expression of VEGF but suppressed the expression of PEDF at mRNA and protein levels, leading to a significant increase of the ratio of VEGF/PEDF in NPC cells.	Nicotine	10-18	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	49-53
22952803-9	2012	Moreover, nicotine upregulated the expression of VEGF but suppressed the expression of PEDF at mRNA and protein levels, leading to a significant increase of the ratio of VEGF/PEDF in NPC cells.	Nicotine	10-18	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	170-174
22952803-10	2012	Pretreatment with a alpha7AChR or ERK-selective inhibitor or transfection with a HIF-1alpha-specific siRNA in NPC cells significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha expression and VEGF/PEDF ratio.	Nicotine	148-156	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
22952803-10	2012	Pretreatment with a alpha7AChR or ERK-selective inhibitor or transfection with a HIF-1alpha-specific siRNA in NPC cells significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha expression and VEGF/PEDF ratio.	Nicotine	148-156	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	81-91
22952803-10	2012	Pretreatment with a alpha7AChR or ERK-selective inhibitor or transfection with a HIF-1alpha-specific siRNA in NPC cells significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha expression and VEGF/PEDF ratio.	Nicotine	148-156	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	165-175
22952803-10	2012	Pretreatment with a alpha7AChR or ERK-selective inhibitor or transfection with a HIF-1alpha-specific siRNA in NPC cells significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha expression and VEGF/PEDF ratio.	Nicotine	148-156	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	191-195
22952803-11	2012	These results therefore indicate that nicotine promotes proliferation of human NPC cells in vitro through simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling and suggest that the related molecules such as HIF-1alpha might be the potential therapeutic targets for tobacco-associated diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinomas.	Nicotine	38-46	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	145-155
22071378-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Variation in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster is a promising candidate region for smoking behavior and has been linked to multiple smoking-related phenotypes (e.g., nicotine dependence) and diseases (e.g., lung cancer).	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
21944292-0	2011	The effects of nicotine on vascular smooth muscle cell chemotaxis induced by thrombospondin-1 and fibronectin.	Nicotine	15-23	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	77-93
21889951-2	2011	Improvements in stimulus selection with the nAChR agonist nicotine have been reported but its effects on visual spatial selective attention are unclear.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
21889951-6	2011	Nicotine modulation of the ERP marker of spatial attentional selection corroborates in general the attentional effects of nAChR agonists and extends these properties to include altered selective mechanisms during visual spatial processing.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
21940627-4	2011	Nicotine markedly increased alpha4beta2 nAChR binding site density and beta2 subunit protein.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
21940627-5	2011	Carbachol, a known nAChR and muscarinic receptor agonist, up-regulated both alpha4beta2 nAChR binding sites and subunit protein 2-fold more than did nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
21889975-5	2011	Nicotine treatment (0.01-1 muM) for up to 48 h had little or no effect upon the TEER or sucrose permeability of either ECV304/C6 co-cultures or CaCo2 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	latexin	Homo sapiens	27-30
21873428-9	2011	These studies yield insight into assembly of functional alpha6alpha5*-nAChR and provide tools for development of alpha6*-nAChR-selective ligands that could be important in the treatment of nicotine dependence, and perhaps other neurological diseases.	Nicotine	189-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
21944292-0	2011	The effects of nicotine on vascular smooth muscle cell chemotaxis induced by thrombospondin-1 and fibronectin.	Nicotine	15-23	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	98-109
21944292-3	2011	The hypothesis of this study was that nicotine treatment of vascular cells would augment TSP-1-induced and Fn-induced VSMC migration.	Nicotine	38-46	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
21944292-3	2011	The hypothesis of this study was that nicotine treatment of vascular cells would augment TSP-1-induced and Fn-induced VSMC migration.	Nicotine	38-46	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	107-109
21944292-7	2011	Conditioned EC and nicotine-treated conditioned EC enhanced VSMC chemotaxis, which was further augmented by Fn supplementation.	Nicotine	19-27	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	108-110
21944292-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine-stimulated EC derived factors induce VSMC migration, which is augmented by the addition of Fn.	Nicotine	13-21	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	113-115
21777225-7	2011	KEY RESULTS: Antenatal nicotine significantly increased angiotensin II-induced arterial contractions in the offspring.	Nicotine	23-31	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	56-70
21501143-2	2011	Recent studies have shown that the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) attenuates reinstatement of nicotine-seeking induced by nicotine priming and nicotine-associated cues.	Nicotine	111-119	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	77-81
21501143-2	2011	Recent studies have shown that the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) attenuates reinstatement of nicotine-seeking induced by nicotine priming and nicotine-associated cues.	Nicotine	139-147	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	77-81
21501143-2	2011	Recent studies have shown that the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) attenuates reinstatement of nicotine-seeking induced by nicotine priming and nicotine-associated cues.	Nicotine	139-147	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	77-81
21864717-9	2011	Further, nicotine produced oxidative stress, assessed in terms of increase in serum TBARS and aortic superoxide anion generation and increase in expression of mRNA for p22phox.	Nicotine	9-17	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	168-175
21884524-8	2011	Pre-treatment with nicotine significantly restored Akt phosphorylation, an effector of PI3K, in Abeta(1-42) -treated neurons.	Nicotine	19-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
21884524-9	2011	These findings indicate that the alpha7 nAChR activation and PI3K/Akt transduction signaling contribute to the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against Abeta-induced cell death by modulating caspase-independent death pathways.	Nicotine	138-146	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
21911609-5	2011	In contrast, the non-selective ASIC and Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHE1) antagonists, amiloride and its analogues, suppressed nicotine-evoked responses in MHb neurones of wild-type and ASIC2 null mice, excluding a possible involvement of ASIC2 in the nAChR inhibition by amiloride.	Nicotine	121-129	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	62-66
21911609-5	2011	In contrast, the non-selective ASIC and Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHE1) antagonists, amiloride and its analogues, suppressed nicotine-evoked responses in MHb neurones of wild-type and ASIC2 null mice, excluding a possible involvement of ASIC2 in the nAChR inhibition by amiloride.	Nicotine	121-129	acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 2	Mus musculus	180-185
21799193-12	2011	CONCLUSION: The study highlights the fact that intake of nicotine, through agonism to nAChR, might predispose epileptic patients to lower seizure threshold and induce a state of refractoriness to the protective effects of the antiepileptic drugs, resulting in possible breakthrough seizure attacks.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21775771-5	2011	Prenatal nicotine increased active MMP-2 forms and interstitial collagen but had no effect on either pro- or active MMP-9 or MMP-13 forms.	Nicotine	9-17	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Cavia porcellus	35-40
21775771-6	2011	In the presence of nicotine, NAC decreased active MMP-2 protein levels and reversed the nicotine-induced increase in collagen staining.	Nicotine	19-27	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Cavia porcellus	50-55
21775771-7	2011	We conclude that prenatal nicotine alters MMP-2 expression in fetal hearts that may be mediated by reactive oxygen species generation.	Nicotine	26-34	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Cavia porcellus	42-47
21742048-0	2011	Nitric oxide promotes nicotine-triggered ERK signaling via redox reactions in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	22-30	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
22098243-1	2011	Effects of a single administration of cholinergic drugs (arecoline, atropine, nicotine, mecamylamine) on the activity of carboxypeptidase H and of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase, which are involved in metabolism of neuropeptides, were studied in brain parts and the adrenal glands of rats.	Nicotine	78-86	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	121-139
21575610-3	2011	In this review, we discuss models for the activation and desensitization of nAChR, and the discovery of multiple types of ligands that influence those processes in both heteromeric nAChR, such as the high-affinity nicotine receptors of the brain, and homomeric alpha7-type receptors.	Nicotine	214-222	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
21497792-11	2011	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that nicotine induces apoptosis through the ROS generation and CASP3 dependent pathways in HGFs.	Nicotine	39-47	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	97-102
21763305-1	2011	Centrally applied nicotine causes changes in blood pressure and vasopressin release.	Nicotine	18-26	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	64-75
21763305-14	2011	It was concluded that for nicotine to release vasopressin, activation of both alpha4beta2 and alpha7 receptors is required.	Nicotine	26-34	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	46-57
21222065-5	2011	Pre-exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to either ethanol (1 or 10 mM) or nicotine (20 or 50 muM) significantly attenuated salsolinol-induced toxicity.	Nicotine	64-72	latexin	Homo sapiens	83-86
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-84
21796100-0	2011	The neuropeptide galanin and variants in the GalR1 gene are associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	76-84	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	17-24
21796100-0	2011	The neuropeptide galanin and variants in the GalR1 gene are associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	76-84	galanin receptor 1	Mus musculus	45-50
21796100-3	2011	Despite these findings, the role of galanin and its receptors in the effects of nicotine is largely underexplored.	Nicotine	80-88	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	36-43
21796100-5	2011	The non-peptide galanin receptor agonist, galnon, also blocks nicotine rewarding effects and reverses mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal signs in ICR mice.	Nicotine	62-70	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	16-23
21796100-5	2011	The non-peptide galanin receptor agonist, galnon, also blocks nicotine rewarding effects and reverses mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal signs in ICR mice.	Nicotine	128-136	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	16-23
21796100-7	2011	In support of our animal data, results from the association study show that variants in the GALR1 gene are associated with a protective effect in nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	146-154	galanin receptor 1	Mus musculus	92-97
21497168-6	2011	Systemic and daily injections of a Y2R antagonist, JNJ-31020028, during abstinence fully reverse nicotine-induced social anxiety-like behavior, the expression of locomotor sensitization to nicotine challenge, the deficit in the NPY mRNA levels in the amygdala and the hippocampus, as well as result an increase in Y2R mRNA levels in the hippocampus and the CRF mRNA levels in the amygdala in HRs.	Nicotine	97-105	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
21683344-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Several studies report association of alpha-4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (encoded by CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-110
21747048-5	2011	Cigarette consumption (P < .001) and nicotine dependence (P = .036) were the highest in the combined CYP2A6 normal metabolizers and CHRNA5-A3-B4 AA (tag single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1051730 G>A) risk group.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-141
21747048-7	2011	Variation in CYP2A6 and CHRNA5-A3-B4 was independently and additively associated with increased cigarette consumption, nicotine dependence, and lung cancer risk.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-30
21536968-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine from SHS exposure results in substantial brain alpha(4)beta(2)* nAChR occupancy in smokers and nonsmokers.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
20953833-1	2011	The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the estrogen receptor (ER), a transcription factor involved in the nicotine- and 17beta-estradiol (E2)-mediated up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression.	Nicotine	126-134	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	63-80
20953833-1	2011	The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the estrogen receptor (ER), a transcription factor involved in the nicotine- and 17beta-estradiol (E2)-mediated up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression.	Nicotine	126-134	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-84
20953833-1	2011	The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the estrogen receptor (ER), a transcription factor involved in the nicotine- and 17beta-estradiol (E2)-mediated up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
20953833-6	2011	In vitro promoter-binding assays demonstrated that the ER is a major transcription factor that mediates nicotine- and E2-induced up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression in MCF-7 cells.	Nicotine	104-112	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	55-57
20953833-6	2011	In vitro promoter-binding assays demonstrated that the ER is a major transcription factor that mediates nicotine- and E2-induced up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression in MCF-7 cells.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
20953833-7	2011	In conclusion, our data indicate that the ER plays a central role in mediating alpha9-nAChR gene up-regulation in response to either nicotine or E2 stimulation.	Nicotine	133-141	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	42-44
20953833-7	2011	In conclusion, our data indicate that the ER plays a central role in mediating alpha9-nAChR gene up-regulation in response to either nicotine or E2 stimulation.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21586512-0	2011	CHRNA5 as negative regulator of nicotine signaling in normal and cancer bronchial cells: effects on motility, migration and p63 expression.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
21586512-4	2011	In both cell types, silencing CHRNA5 or inhibiting receptors containing nAChR alpha5 with alpha-conotoxin MII exerted a nicotine-like effect, with increased motility and invasiveness in vitro and increasing calcium influx.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21784975-0	2011	Cytokine-induced alterations of alpha7 nicotinic receptor in colonic CD4 T cells mediate dichotomous response to nicotine in murine models of Th1/Th17- versus Th2-mediated colitis.	Nicotine	113-121	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	142-145
21784975-9	2011	Nicotine upregulated IL-10 and inhibited IL-17 production, which could be abolished by exogenous IL-12 that also abolished the nicotine-dependent upregulation of regulatory T cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	21-26
21784975-9	2011	Nicotine upregulated IL-10 and inhibited IL-17 production, which could be abolished by exogenous IL-12 that also abolished the nicotine-dependent upregulation of regulatory T cells.	Nicotine	127-135	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	21-26
21653710-0	2011	Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons and orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons: similarities and differences.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	51-70
21653710-3	2011	Here we address the hypothesis that if weight-reducing actions of nicotine are mediated by anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, nicotine should excite these cells.	Nicotine	66-74	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	104-123
21653710-3	2011	Here we address the hypothesis that if weight-reducing actions of nicotine are mediated by anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, nicotine should excite these cells.	Nicotine	66-74	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	125-129
21653710-3	2011	Here we address the hypothesis that if weight-reducing actions of nicotine are mediated by anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, nicotine should excite these cells.	Nicotine	176-184	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	104-123
21653710-3	2011	Here we address the hypothesis that if weight-reducing actions of nicotine are mediated by anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, nicotine should excite these cells.	Nicotine	176-184	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	125-129
21653710-4	2011	Nicotine at concentrations similar to those found in smokers, 100-1,000 nM, excited POMC cells by mechanisms based on increased spike frequency, depolarization of membrane potential, and opening of ion channels.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	84-88
21653710-7	2011	Nicotine exerted similar actions on POMC and NPY cells, with a slightly greater depolarizing action on POMC cells.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	36-40
21653710-7	2011	Nicotine exerted similar actions on POMC and NPY cells, with a slightly greater depolarizing action on POMC cells.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	103-107
21653710-13	2011	Together, these results indicate that nicotine has a number of similar actions, but also a few different actions, on POMC and NPY neurons that could contribute to the weight loss associated with smoking.	Nicotine	38-46	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	117-121
21563216-9	2011	Methylation of TCF21 was associated with higher age (P = 0.044) and nicotine abuse (P = 0.035).	Nicotine	68-76	transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	15-20
21633116-8	2011	Nicotine-exposed offspring presented nAChR upregulation during exposure in all brain regions, reduced HC-3 binding during and 11 days postexposure, and increased HC-3 binding on PN90.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
21741384-9	2011	Nicotine, as for calpeptin was shown to dose-dependently (from 10 up to 50 muM) reduce levels of early apoptosis in THP-1 monocytes and to decrease the level of PMV release.	Nicotine	0-8	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	116-121
21596105-11	2011	The effects of nicotine persisted in P63 young adult brains which exhibited significantly downregulated GluR2, NR1, and NR2c expression levels in hippocampal homogenates and a considerably muted overall distribution of [3H]AMPA binding in areas CA1, CA2 and CA3, and the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	15-23	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
21596105-11	2011	The effects of nicotine persisted in P63 young adult brains which exhibited significantly downregulated GluR2, NR1, and NR2c expression levels in hippocampal homogenates and a considerably muted overall distribution of [3H]AMPA binding in areas CA1, CA2 and CA3, and the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	15-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	250-253
21596105-13	2011	The persistent depression, in adults, of the requisite NR1 subunit for NMDAR assembly, and of GluR2, important for assembly, trafficking, and biophysical properties of AMPAR, indicates that nicotine may alter ionotropic glutamate receptor stoichiometry and functional properties in adults after prenatally restricted nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	190-198	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
20865738-8	2011	However, concurrent, acute treatment of rats with nicotine significantly attenuated SD-induced impairment of learning and STM and prevented SD-induced impairment of LTP in the CA1 and DG regions.	Nicotine	50-58	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
21498873-3	2011	As the physiological effects of nicotine are mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), we aimed at examining whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in nAChR subunit (CHRN) genes, other than CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4 gene cluster previously showing association in our sample, are associated with smoking quantity or serum cotinine levels.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20514075-0	2011	Association of the histidine-triad nucleotide-binding protein-1 (HINT1) gene variants with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	91-99	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	19-63
20514075-0	2011	Association of the histidine-triad nucleotide-binding protein-1 (HINT1) gene variants with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	91-99	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
20514075-7	2011	These results indicate a genetic association between HINT1 variants and ND, and indicate that nicotine-induced modulation of HINT1 level may be involved in mechanisms of excess smoking.	Nicotine	94-102	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
20514075-7	2011	These results indicate a genetic association between HINT1 variants and ND, and indicate that nicotine-induced modulation of HINT1 level may be involved in mechanisms of excess smoking.	Nicotine	94-102	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
21795541-2	2011	One of the major subtypes expressed in brain, the alpha4beta2-nAChR, endogenously modulates neuronal excitability and thereby, modifies certain normal as well as nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
21795541-10	2011	This is the first work to develop a dopaminergic specific deletion of a nAChR subunit and examine resulting changes in nicotine-related behaviors.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-84
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21742012-2	2011	As glutamatergic abnormalities have been implicated in these attentional deficiencies, this study attempted to shed light on the separate and interactive roles of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and nAChR systems in the modulation of attention by investigating, in healthy volunteers, the separate and combined effects of nicotine and the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on neural and behavioural responses in a sustained attention task.	Nicotine	332-340	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
21606497-1	2011	Nicotine inhibits the release of TNF-alpha from macrophage through activation of STAT3.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-42
21767384-0	2011	Differential effects of TRPV1 receptor ligands against nicotine-induced depression-like behaviors.	Nicotine	55-63	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	24-29
21767384-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The contributions of brain cannabinoid (CB) receptors, typically CB1 (CB type 1) receptors, to the behavioral effects of nicotine (NC) have been reported to involve brain transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, and the activation of candidate endogenous TRPV1 ligands is expected to be therapeutically effective.	Nicotine	133-141	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	183-223
21767384-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The contributions of brain cannabinoid (CB) receptors, typically CB1 (CB type 1) receptors, to the behavioral effects of nicotine (NC) have been reported to involve brain transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, and the activation of candidate endogenous TRPV1 ligands is expected to be therapeutically effective.	Nicotine	133-141	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	225-230
21767384-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The contributions of brain cannabinoid (CB) receptors, typically CB1 (CB type 1) receptors, to the behavioral effects of nicotine (NC) have been reported to involve brain transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, and the activation of candidate endogenous TRPV1 ligands is expected to be therapeutically effective.	Nicotine	133-141	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	286-291
21606497-1	2011	Nicotine inhibits the release of TNF-alpha from macrophage through activation of STAT3.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	81-86
21606497-4	2011	Nicotine induced activation of STAT3 enhanced STAT3 binding to the TTP promoter, increased TTP promoter activity, and increased TTP expression resulting in the suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	31-36
21606497-4	2011	Nicotine induced activation of STAT3 enhanced STAT3 binding to the TTP promoter, increased TTP promoter activity, and increased TTP expression resulting in the suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	46-51
21606497-4	2011	Nicotine induced activation of STAT3 enhanced STAT3 binding to the TTP promoter, increased TTP promoter activity, and increased TTP expression resulting in the suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	190-199
21606497-5	2011	Overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of STAT3 (R382W) or down-regulation of STAT3 by siRNA abolished nicotine-induced TTP expression and suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	109-117	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	48-53
21606497-5	2011	Overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of STAT3 (R382W) or down-regulation of STAT3 by siRNA abolished nicotine-induced TTP expression and suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	109-117	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	84-89
21606497-5	2011	Overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of STAT3 (R382W) or down-regulation of STAT3 by siRNA abolished nicotine-induced TTP expression and suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	109-117	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	175-184
21606497-6	2011	Nicotine enhanced the decay of TNF-alpha mRNA and decreased luciferase expression of a TNF-alpha 3"-UTR reporter plasmid in U937 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-40
21606497-6	2011	Nicotine enhanced the decay of TNF-alpha mRNA and decreased luciferase expression of a TNF-alpha 3"-UTR reporter plasmid in U937 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-96
21606497-8	2011	In this experiment, we are reporting for the first time the involvement of TTP in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory cascade consisting of nicotine-STAT3-TTP-dampening inflammation.	Nicotine	138-146	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	147-152
21752991-5	2011	Through GFP-coupled protein visualization, we found that synaptic dysfunction correlates with mislocalization of ACR-16, the AChR subunit essential for nicotine-triggered currents.	Nicotine	152-160	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type acr-16	Caenorhabditis elegans	113-119
21597011-9	2011	In addition, nicotine treatment resulted in decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-14, natriuretic peptide precursor B, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and osteopontin, proteins that are commonly involved in heart failure.	Nicotine	13-21	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	130-186
21597011-10	2011	Finally, we found that nicotine reduced levels of pSTAT3 (phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) protein expression within the myocardium.	Nicotine	23-31	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	73-123
21597011-8	2011	Oral nicotine administration reduced inflammation within the myocardium, decreased the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, RANTES, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.	Nicotine	5-13	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	101-146
21511693-10	2011	This mechanism might exist in vivo as phosphorylation of JNK and its downstream target c-jun, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor, is elevated in the ischemic kidneys exposed to chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	57-60
21597011-8	2011	Oral nicotine administration reduced inflammation within the myocardium, decreased the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, RANTES, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.	Nicotine	5-13	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	259-265
21597011-8	2011	Oral nicotine administration reduced inflammation within the myocardium, decreased the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, RANTES, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.	Nicotine	5-13	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1	Mus musculus	267-271
21597011-8	2011	Oral nicotine administration reduced inflammation within the myocardium, decreased the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, RANTES, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.	Nicotine	5-13	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5	Mus musculus	283-287
21392171-11	2011	Diminished gating of P50 and associated high-frequency oscillations in the frontal brain region are indications of a deficient inhibitory cortical function in nicotine-dependent smokers.	Nicotine	159-167	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
21295078-2	2011	Several lines of evidence have shown that cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-fos have pivotal role in CPP induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	222-230	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	88-125
21418140-0	2011	A CHRNA5 allele related to nicotine addiction and schizophrenia.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	2-8
20805763-10	2011	Cell experiments also showed that increases of TNF-alpha and IL-6 after LPS stimulation could be significantly inhibited by carbachol or nicotine, whereas IL-10 was not apparently altered.	Nicotine	137-145	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	47-56
20805763-10	2011	Cell experiments also showed that increases of TNF-alpha and IL-6 after LPS stimulation could be significantly inhibited by carbachol or nicotine, whereas IL-10 was not apparently altered.	Nicotine	137-145	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
21596853-10	2011	Modulation of PAI-1 levels by incubating PC12 cells with anti-PAI-1 IgG caused a marked decrease in nicotine-mediated catecholamine release.	Nicotine	100-108	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
21596853-10	2011	Modulation of PAI-1 levels by incubating PC12 cells with anti-PAI-1 IgG caused a marked decrease in nicotine-mediated catecholamine release.	Nicotine	100-108	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
20554619-0	2011	The alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and MMP-2/-9 pathway mediate the proangiogenic effect of nicotine in human retinal endothelial cells.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-43
20554619-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine-induced angiogenesis required nAChR function and was associated with the upregulation of MMP-2 and -9 in HRMECs.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
20554619-10	2011	Treatment of HRMECs with alpha7-nAChR antagonists ablated nicotine-induced angiogenesis.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
20554619-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The alpha7-nAChR is vital for the proangiogenic activity of nicotine.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
21295078-2	2011	Several lines of evidence have shown that cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-fos have pivotal role in CPP induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	222-230	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
21677839-7	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine upregulated periostin in gastric cancer cells through a COX-2 dependent pathway, which was blocked by the COX-2-specific inhibitor NS398.	Nicotine	9-17	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	74-79
21677839-7	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine upregulated periostin in gastric cancer cells through a COX-2 dependent pathway, which was blocked by the COX-2-specific inhibitor NS398.	Nicotine	9-17	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	124-129
21444681-3	2011	In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that homopentameric nAChR inhibitors, such as methyllycaconitine and alpha-Bgtx, can attenuate nicotine-induced proliferative, angiogenic, and metastatic effects in lung, colon, and bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
21445957-1	2011	CHRNA4, the gene that encodes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha(4) subunit, is a potential candidate gene for nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
21083424-0	2011	Stimulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by nicotine attenuates inflammatory response in macrophages and improves survival in experimental model of sepsis through heme oxygenase-1 induction.	Nicotine	58-66	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	177-193
21083424-4	2011	Here we show that HO-1-inducible effect by nicotine was mediated through sequential event-Ca(2+) influx, classical protein kinase C activation, and reactive oxygen species production-which activates phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt/Nrf-2 pathway.	Nicotine	43-51	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	224-227
21083424-4	2011	Here we show that HO-1-inducible effect by nicotine was mediated through sequential event-Ca(2+) influx, classical protein kinase C activation, and reactive oxygen species production-which activates phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt/Nrf-2 pathway.	Nicotine	43-51	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	228-233
21210228-0	2011	Nicotine enhances colon cancer cell migration by induction of fibronectin.	Nicotine	0-8	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	62-73
21210228-9	2011	We used inhibitors and siRNA to demonstrate that alpha7-nAChR mediates nicotine-enhanced colon cancer cell migration and upregulates fibronectin expression, which is involved in nicotine-enhanced migration.	Nicotine	178-186	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	133-144
21210228-10	2011	Furthermore, COX-2 signal was induced by nicotine treatment and is involved in nicotine-enhanced fibronectin expression.	Nicotine	41-49	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	13-18
21210228-10	2011	Furthermore, COX-2 signal was induced by nicotine treatment and is involved in nicotine-enhanced fibronectin expression.	Nicotine	41-49	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	97-108
21210228-10	2011	Furthermore, COX-2 signal was induced by nicotine treatment and is involved in nicotine-enhanced fibronectin expression.	Nicotine	79-87	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	13-18
21210228-10	2011	Furthermore, COX-2 signal was induced by nicotine treatment and is involved in nicotine-enhanced fibronectin expression.	Nicotine	79-87	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	97-108
21210228-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine, tobacco"s additive toxin, enhances colon cancer metastasis through alpha7-nAChR and fibronectin--a mesenchymal marker for epithelial mesenchymal transition.	Nicotine	13-21	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	107-118
21444681-6	2011	For cancer therapy, natural compounds such as garcinol and EGCG have been found to block nicotine- and estrogen-induced breast cancer cell proliferation through inhibition of the alpha9-nAChR signaling pathway.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
21108953-7	2011	1) The synthesis and release of beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin and dynorphin in brain, especially nucleus accumbens (NAc), are altered after acute or chronic nicotine treatment and during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	158-166	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	32-46
21262190-5	2011	Estradiol-BSA administration was associated with 30% decreased nicotine-induced apoptosis and also attenuated nicotine-activated phosphorylation of p38 and ERK.	Nicotine	110-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	148-151
21262190-5	2011	Estradiol-BSA administration was associated with 30% decreased nicotine-induced apoptosis and also attenuated nicotine-activated phosphorylation of p38 and ERK.	Nicotine	110-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	156-159
21262190-10	2011	Clinically, the nicotine in cigarettes might contribute to endothelial dysfunction, whereas ambient estradiol may provide cellular protection against nicotine-induced injury through its functional membrane receptor via MAPK pathway downregulation.	Nicotine	150-158	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	219-223
21330654-13	2011	NT, which did not result in either cell death or proliferation, induced beta1 nAchR, upregulated VEGF, and downregulated PEDF expression through nAChR in ARPE-19 cells.	Nicotine	0-2	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	97-101
21330654-13	2011	NT, which did not result in either cell death or proliferation, induced beta1 nAchR, upregulated VEGF, and downregulated PEDF expression through nAChR in ARPE-19 cells.	Nicotine	0-2	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
21108953-7	2011	1) The synthesis and release of beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin and dynorphin in brain, especially nucleus accumbens (NAc), are altered after acute or chronic nicotine treatment and during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	158-166	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	48-62
21108953-7	2011	1) The synthesis and release of beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin and dynorphin in brain, especially nucleus accumbens (NAc), are altered after acute or chronic nicotine treatment and during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	188-196	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	32-46
21576194-3	2011	We here show that tobacco MYC2 (NtMYC2) recognizes the G-box sequences, 5"-CAC(G/A)T(G/T)-3", found in the proximal promoter regions of several nicotine biosynthesis genes, including Putrescine N-Methyltransferase 2 (PMT2) and Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase 2 (QPT2).	Nicotine	144-152	putrescine N-methyltransferase 2	Nicotiana tabacum	183-215
21576194-3	2011	We here show that tobacco MYC2 (NtMYC2) recognizes the G-box sequences, 5"-CAC(G/A)T(G/T)-3", found in the proximal promoter regions of several nicotine biosynthesis genes, including Putrescine N-Methyltransferase 2 (PMT2) and Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase 2 (QPT2).	Nicotine	144-152	putrescine N-methyltransferase 2	Nicotiana tabacum	217-221
21781517-4	2011	PKC inhibitor staurosporine (STS) and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 were used to detect PKC or ERK1/2 function on the expression of PAI-1 in HUVECs induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	154-162	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	90-96
21781517-10	2011	CONCLUSION: PKC-ERK1/2 signal pathway may play a partial role in the up-regulation of PAI-1 induced by nicotine in HUVECs.	Nicotine	103-111	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	16-22
20932495-6	2011	Morphine and nicotine enhance CYP3A4 and MDR1 expression in vitro.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
20932495-6	2011	Morphine and nicotine enhance CYP3A4 and MDR1 expression in vitro.	Nicotine	13-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	101-117	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	276-281
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	172-188	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	276-281
21555077-1	2011	Nicotine dependence is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNB4-CHRNA3-CHRNA5 gene cluster encoding the alpha3beta4alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	72-78
21555077-1	2011	Nicotine dependence is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNB4-CHRNA3-CHRNA5 gene cluster encoding the alpha3beta4alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	79-85
21555077-4	2011	Transgenic mice with targeted overexpression of Chrnb4 to endogenous sites display a strong aversion to nicotine that can be reversed by viral-mediated expression of the alpha5 D398N variant in the medial habenula (MHb).	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	48-54
21261791-3	2011	Recently, we found that nicotine promoted tumor growth through upregulation of the COX-2/prostaglandin E(2) pathway.	Nicotine	24-32	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	83-88
21336821-0	2011	Nicotine decreases beta-amyloid through regulating BACE1 transcription in SH-EP1-alpha4beta2 nAChR-APP695 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
21336821-5	2011	Nicotine also decreases BACE1 and PSEN1 expression, as well as ERK1 and NFkappaB P65 subunit expression in the cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
21336821-6	2011	Furthermore, BACE1 promoter activity is, but PSEN1 not, decreased by nicotine in the cell line.	Nicotine	69-77	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
21268243-0	2011	Markers in the 15q24 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster (CHRNA5-A3-B4) predict severity of nicotine addiction and response to smoking cessation therapy.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-68
21239632-4	2011	An analysis of the phenotype of isolated brain microvessels after nicotine exposure indicated higher expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-18), chemokines (CCL2 and CX(3)CL1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectins), and this was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration into brain during ischemia/reperfusion (P < 0.01).	Nicotine	66-74	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	150-158
21239632-4	2011	An analysis of the phenotype of isolated brain microvessels after nicotine exposure indicated higher expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-18), chemokines (CCL2 and CX(3)CL1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectins), and this was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration into brain during ischemia/reperfusion (P < 0.01).	Nicotine	66-74	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	160-169
21268243-7	2011	We focused on eight SNPs in the 15q24 region, which contains the genes for the nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4, and has previously been implicated in nicotine addiction and smoking cessation.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-125
21168537-8	2011	Furthermore, using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists blocked the majority of the nicotine effects, indicating that these changes are dependent on nAChR activation.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
21237301-9	2011	Eugenol and N-acetylcysteine were found to down regulate the Th1 cytokines in nicotine treated macrophages with concurrent activation of Th2 responses.	Nicotine	78-86	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	61-64
21133803-2	2011	Since the AIF versus MYF phenotype is determined by the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and Wingless/Int (Wnt) signaling, respectively, the authors hypothesized that nicotine-induced AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation is characterized by the down-regulation of PPARgamma, and the up-regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.	Nicotine	209-217	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	70-118
21133803-2	2011	Since the AIF versus MYF phenotype is determined by the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and Wingless/Int (Wnt) signaling, respectively, the authors hypothesized that nicotine-induced AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation is characterized by the down-regulation of PPARgamma, and the up-regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.	Nicotine	209-217	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	120-129
21133803-2	2011	Since the AIF versus MYF phenotype is determined by the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and Wingless/Int (Wnt) signaling, respectively, the authors hypothesized that nicotine-induced AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation is characterized by the down-regulation of PPARgamma, and the up-regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.	Nicotine	209-217	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	301-310
21133803-3	2011	As nicotine is known to activate protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, the authors also hypothesized that in AIFs, nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling might be due to PKC activation.	Nicotine	3-11	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
21133803-3	2011	As nicotine is known to activate protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, the authors also hypothesized that in AIFs, nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling might be due to PKC activation.	Nicotine	111-119	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
21133803-3	2011	As nicotine is known to activate protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, the authors also hypothesized that in AIFs, nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling might be due to PKC activation.	Nicotine	111-119	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	175-178
21133803-6	2011	Furthermore, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-alpha3 and -alpha7 and whether a PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone (RGZ), blocks nicotine-mediated Wnt activation were examined.	Nicotine	148-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-110
21133803-7	2011	Following nicotine stimulation, there was clear evidence for nAChR-alpha3 and -alpha7 up-regulation, accompanied by the activation of PKC and Wnt signaling, which was further accompanied by significant changes in the expression of the downstream targets of Wnt signaling at 24 hours.	Nicotine	10-18	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	134-137
21133803-8	2011	Nicotine-mediated Wnt activation was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with either calphostin C or RGZ, indicating the central involvement of PKC activation and Wnt/PPARgamma interaction in nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, and hence AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, providing novel preventive/therapeutic targets for nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	150-153
21133803-8	2011	Nicotine-mediated Wnt activation was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with either calphostin C or RGZ, indicating the central involvement of PKC activation and Wnt/PPARgamma interaction in nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, and hence AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, providing novel preventive/therapeutic targets for nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-182
21133803-8	2011	Nicotine-mediated Wnt activation was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with either calphostin C or RGZ, indicating the central involvement of PKC activation and Wnt/PPARgamma interaction in nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, and hence AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, providing novel preventive/therapeutic targets for nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	198-206	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	150-153
21133803-8	2011	Nicotine-mediated Wnt activation was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with either calphostin C or RGZ, indicating the central involvement of PKC activation and Wnt/PPARgamma interaction in nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, and hence AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, providing novel preventive/therapeutic targets for nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	198-206	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-182
21133803-8	2011	Nicotine-mediated Wnt activation was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with either calphostin C or RGZ, indicating the central involvement of PKC activation and Wnt/PPARgamma interaction in nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, and hence AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, providing novel preventive/therapeutic targets for nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	341-349	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-182
21252231-2	2011	The predominant nAChR subtype in the mammalian brain with a high affinity for nicotine is composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
21252231-3	2011	This nAChR subtype is responsible for addiction to nicotine and is thought to be implicated in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and therefore presents an important target for drug design.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
21412887-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Selective type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonists may assist with smoking cessation by restoring the balance of the endocannabinoid system, which can be disrupted by prolonged use of nicotine.	Nicotine	201-209	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
21232579-0	2011	Alterations in BDNF and phospho-CREB levels following chronic oral nicotine treatment and its withdrawal in dopaminergic brain areas of mice.	Nicotine	67-75	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	32-36
21232579-10	2011	In conclusion, the current results suggest the involvement of BDNF- and CREB-related neuronal processes in nicotine-induced neurochemical, behavioural, and neuroplastic changes in dopaminergic neurocircuits.	Nicotine	107-115	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	72-76
21556275-7	2011	Nine of these pathways were shared with those enriched in the genes regulated by nicotine, including neuronal function-related pathways such as glucocorticoid receptor signaling, p38 MAPK signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, and PTEN signaling, implying that nAChRs play important roles in the regulation of these biological processes.	Nicotine	81-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	179-182
21195134-0	2011	Vulnerability to nicotine abstinence-related social anxiety-like behavior: molecular correlates in neuropeptide Y, Y2 receptor and corticotropin releasing factor.	Nicotine	17-25	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	99-113
21195134-4	2011	These findings implicate dysregulations in the NPY-CRF systems in the HR hippocampus and amygdala associated with the emergence of social anxiety-like behavior, and a novel Y2R-mediated pathway in nicotine relapse.	Nicotine	197-205	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
21239433-7	2011	Nicotine significantly suppressed free fatty acid- and TNFalpha-induced cytokine production in wild type (WT), but not alpha7KO macrophages.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-63
21383590-3	2011	Our study demonstrated that acute nicotine treatment enhanced nitric oxide release, eNOS activation, and proangiogenic activity.	Nicotine	34-42	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	84-88
21383590-5	2011	These findings seem to be related to eNOS gene expression and nitric oxide production, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic nicotine addicts.	Nicotine	143-151	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	37-41
21370452-0	2011	Tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nicotine- and estrogen-induced alpha9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation in human breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-125
21370452-5	2011	The alpha9-nAChR promoter activity is significantly induced by 24-h treatment with Nic (10 muM) or E2 (10 nM) (>1.8 and ~2.3-fold, respectively) in MCF-7 cells.	Nicotine	83-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
21370452-5	2011	The alpha9-nAChR promoter activity is significantly induced by 24-h treatment with Nic (10 muM) or E2 (10 nM) (>1.8 and ~2.3-fold, respectively) in MCF-7 cells.	Nicotine	83-86	latexin	Homo sapiens	91-94
21172385-10	2011	These data, along with prior results, suggest that galanin alters sensitivity to drugs of abuse differentially, with morphine, cocaine and amphetamine place preference suppressed, and nicotine and alcohol preference increased, by galanin signaling.	Nicotine	184-192	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	51-58
21172385-10	2011	These data, along with prior results, suggest that galanin alters sensitivity to drugs of abuse differentially, with morphine, cocaine and amphetamine place preference suppressed, and nicotine and alcohol preference increased, by galanin signaling.	Nicotine	184-192	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	230-237
21212384-0	2011	ARRB1-mediated regulation of E2F target genes in nicotine-induced growth of lung tumors.	Nicotine	49-57	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21212384-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Nicotine induces the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the arrestin, beta1 (ARRB1) protein.	Nicotine	12-20	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	137-152
21212384-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Nicotine induces the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the arrestin, beta1 (ARRB1) protein.	Nicotine	12-20	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	154-159
21212384-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine induced the nuclear translocation of ARRB1 in NSCLC and normal lung cells, and lung tumor tissues from smokers showed an increased nuclear localization.	Nicotine	9-17	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
21212384-12	2011	Furthermore, nicotine induced the binding of ARRB1, EP300, and Ac-H3 on E2F-regulated genes.	Nicotine	13-21	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
21212384-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Nicotine induced the nuclear translocation of ARRB1 and showed increased expression of proliferative and survival genes, thereby contributing to the growth and progression of NSCLCs.	Nicotine	12-20	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
21081469-9	2011	Furthermore, activation of COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in response to nicotine was mediated by the action of prostaglandin E receptors (EP2 and EP4).	Nicotine	82-90	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
21172385-0	2011	Mice lacking the galanin gene show decreased sensitivity to nicotine conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	60-68	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	17-24
21172385-3	2011	Using an unbiased, three-chamber conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm the dose-response function for nicotine CPP was tested in GAL-/- and GAL+/+ mice.	Nicotine	108-116	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	135-141
21172385-6	2011	GAL-/- mice required a higher dose of nicotine to induce a significant CPP compared to GAL+/+ mice.	Nicotine	38-46	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	0-6
21172385-8	2011	This suggests that the nicotine CPP observed in GAL+/+ mice resulted in differential recruitment of ERK signaling in the NACsh compared to GAL-/- mice.	Nicotine	23-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	100-103
20969854-9	2011	The increases in MPO activity and iNOS expression induced by indomethacin were also significantly suppressed by nicotine and PNU-282987.	Nicotine	112-120	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	34-38
21113126-4	2011	Nicotine-mediated RyR2 upregulation was driven by CREB, and caused a long-lasting reinforcement of Ca2+ signalling via the process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.	Nicotine	0-8	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	50-54
21113126-6	2011	We further demonstrate that inhibition of RyR-activation in vivo abolishes sensitization to nicotine-induced habituated locomotion, a well-characterised model for onset of drug dependence.	Nicotine	92-100	ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal muscle	Mus musculus	42-45
20229177-0	2011	Nicotine-induced human breast cancer cell proliferation attenuated by garcinol through down-regulation of the nicotinic receptor and cyclin D3 proteins.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin D3	Homo sapiens	133-142
20229177-7	2011	Furthermore, we found that Nic-induced human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell proliferation was inhibited by 1 muM of garcinol (Gar), isolated from the edible fruit Garcinia indica, through down-regulation of alpha9-nAChR and cyclin D3 expression.	Nicotine	27-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	215-220
20229177-7	2011	Furthermore, we found that Nic-induced human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell proliferation was inhibited by 1 muM of garcinol (Gar), isolated from the edible fruit Garcinia indica, through down-regulation of alpha9-nAChR and cyclin D3 expression.	Nicotine	27-30	cyclin D3	Homo sapiens	225-234
20229177-8	2011	These results suggest that alpha9-nAChR-mediated cyclin D3 overexpression is important for nicotine-induced transformation of normal human breast epithelial cells.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
20229177-8	2011	These results suggest that alpha9-nAChR-mediated cyclin D3 overexpression is important for nicotine-induced transformation of normal human breast epithelial cells.	Nicotine	91-99	cyclin D3	Homo sapiens	49-58
20733009-1	2011	AIMS: foetal nicotine exposure results in decreased protein kinase C epsilon (PKCepsilon) expression and increased cardiac vulnerability to ischaemia and reperfusion injury in adult rat offspring.	Nicotine	13-21	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	52-76
20733009-1	2011	AIMS: foetal nicotine exposure results in decreased protein kinase C epsilon (PKCepsilon) expression and increased cardiac vulnerability to ischaemia and reperfusion injury in adult rat offspring.	Nicotine	13-21	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
20733009-2	2011	The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal nicotine administration causes increased promoter methylation of the PKCepsilon gene resulting in PKCepsilon repression in the heart.	Nicotine	54-62	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
20733009-2	2011	The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal nicotine administration causes increased promoter methylation of the PKCepsilon gene resulting in PKCepsilon repression in the heart.	Nicotine	54-62	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
20733009-3	2011	METHODS AND RESULTS: nicotine treatment of pregnant rats starting at day 4 of gestation increased the methylation of the Egr-1 binding site at the PKCepsilon gene promoter and decreased PKCepsilon protein and mRNA abundance in near-term foetal hearts.	Nicotine	21-29	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
20733009-3	2011	METHODS AND RESULTS: nicotine treatment of pregnant rats starting at day 4 of gestation increased the methylation of the Egr-1 binding site at the PKCepsilon gene promoter and decreased PKCepsilon protein and mRNA abundance in near-term foetal hearts.	Nicotine	21-29	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
20733009-11	2011	CONCLUSION: this study demonstrates that prolonged nicotine exposure increases the sympathetic neurotransmitter release in the foetal heart and causes programming of PKCepsilon gene repression through promoter methylation, linking maternal smoking to pathophysiological consequences in the offspring heart.	Nicotine	51-59	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
21691078-0	2011	Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression through a alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kB pathway in HBE16 airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	17-26
21691078-0	2011	Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression through a alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kB pathway in HBE16 airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
21691078-1	2011	AIMS: To explore the signaling mechanism associated with the inhibitory effect of nicotine on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha expression in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	82-90	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	94-128
21691078-4	2011	The effects of nicotine on the production of proinflammatory factors TNF-alpha, in transfected cells were analyzed.	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-78
21691078-6	2011	RESULTS: The production of TNF-alpha was lower in cells pretreated with nicotine before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, compared with LPS-only-treated cells.	Nicotine	72-80	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-36
21691078-7	2011	In contrast, in alpha7 siRNA-transfected cells incubated with nicotine and LPS, TNF-alpha expression was higher than that in non-transfected cells or in alpha1 or alpha5 siRNA-transfected cells.	Nicotine	62-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-89
21691078-9	2011	Furthermore, we found that nicotine decreased MyD88 protein, NF-kappaB p65 protein, NF-kappaB activity and phospho-I-kappaBalpha expression induced by CE or LPS.	Nicotine	27-35	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	115-128
21691078-11	2011	CONCLUSION: Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression in HBE16 airway epithelial cells, mainly through an alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	12-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
21691078-11	2011	CONCLUSION: Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression in HBE16 airway epithelial cells, mainly through an alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
20700147-1	2011	CHRNA5, encoding the nicotinic alpha5 subunit, is implicated in multiple disorders, including nicotine addiction and lung cancer.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
20981038-1	2011	A serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4, is thought to be related to nicotine dependence and depression, one of the comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	66-74	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
20943775-4	2011	Nicotine (100-300 nM, concentrations found in smoker"s blood) blocked LPS-induced NF-kappaB translocation and production of PICs interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 but only partially blocked inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	82-91
20943775-4	2011	Nicotine (100-300 nM, concentrations found in smoker"s blood) blocked LPS-induced NF-kappaB translocation and production of PICs interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 but only partially blocked inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	156-160
20943775-4	2011	Nicotine (100-300 nM, concentrations found in smoker"s blood) blocked LPS-induced NF-kappaB translocation and production of PICs interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 but only partially blocked inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	229-241
20943775-7	2011	However, the effects of nicotine on NF-kappaB activity were significantly blocked by the highly specific janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide (AG-490) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor 2-hydroxy-4-[[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]acetyl]amino]-benzoic acid (NSC74859).	Nicotine	24-32	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	36-45
20943775-7	2011	However, the effects of nicotine on NF-kappaB activity were significantly blocked by the highly specific janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide (AG-490) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor 2-hydroxy-4-[[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]acetyl]amino]-benzoic acid (NSC74859).	Nicotine	24-32	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	200-250
20943775-7	2011	However, the effects of nicotine on NF-kappaB activity were significantly blocked by the highly specific janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide (AG-490) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor 2-hydroxy-4-[[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]acetyl]amino]-benzoic acid (NSC74859).	Nicotine	24-32	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	252-257
21228559-2	2011	Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have consistently linked several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 cluster on chromosome 15.q25 to smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	200-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-138
22220218-7	2011	Ae-Og and ascorbic acid were found to protect the murine peritoneal macrophages through downregulation of Th1 cytokines in nicotine-treated macrophages with concurrent activation of Th2 responses.	Nicotine	123-131	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	106-109
21385097-6	2011	In the presence of the cholinergic drugs (nicotine or MLA) CD41 and CD61 expression was significantly reduced, both at RNA and protein level.	Nicotine	42-50	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	68-72
21858091-1	2011	Genome-wide association studies implicate variations in CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 as being associated with nicotine addiction (NA).	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-62
20851953-10	2010	This is the first study to demonstrate that curcumin inhibits the adverse effects of nicotine by blocking nicotine-induced activation of the AKT/MTOR pathway in HNSCC, which retards cell migration.	Nicotine	85-93	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
20851953-10	2010	This is the first study to demonstrate that curcumin inhibits the adverse effects of nicotine by blocking nicotine-induced activation of the AKT/MTOR pathway in HNSCC, which retards cell migration.	Nicotine	85-93	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	145-149
20851953-10	2010	This is the first study to demonstrate that curcumin inhibits the adverse effects of nicotine by blocking nicotine-induced activation of the AKT/MTOR pathway in HNSCC, which retards cell migration.	Nicotine	106-114	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
20851953-10	2010	This is the first study to demonstrate that curcumin inhibits the adverse effects of nicotine by blocking nicotine-induced activation of the AKT/MTOR pathway in HNSCC, which retards cell migration.	Nicotine	106-114	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	145-149
21354200-12	2011	CONCLUSION: These results may indicate a modulatory effect for the dorsal hippocampus dopamine receptors (D1 and D2) on an anxiogenic-like response induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	159-167	deiodinase, iodothyronine, type I	Mus musculus	106-115
21081469-4	2011	We found that miR-16 and miR-21 were upregulated upon nicotine stimulation, transfection with anti-miR-16 or anti-miR-21 significantly abrogated cell proliferation.	Nicotine	54-62	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	14-20
21081469-4	2011	We found that miR-16 and miR-21 were upregulated upon nicotine stimulation, transfection with anti-miR-16 or anti-miR-21 significantly abrogated cell proliferation.	Nicotine	54-62	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
21081469-5	2011	In contrast, ectopic miR-16 or miR-21 expression exhibited a similar stimulatory effect on cell proliferation as nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
21081469-6	2011	Nicotine-mediated IkappaBalpha degradation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation dose-dependently.	Nicotine	0-8	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-30
21081469-6	2011	Nicotine-mediated IkappaBalpha degradation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation dose-dependently.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	47-69
21081469-6	2011	Nicotine-mediated IkappaBalpha degradation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation dose-dependently.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	71-80
21081469-7	2011	Knockdown of NF-kappaB by short interfering RNA (siRNA) or specific inhibitor (Bay-11-7085) markedly suppressed nicotine-induced cell proliferation and upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	112-120	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	13-22
21081469-7	2011	Knockdown of NF-kappaB by short interfering RNA (siRNA) or specific inhibitor (Bay-11-7085) markedly suppressed nicotine-induced cell proliferation and upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	112-120	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	168-174
21081469-8	2011	Interestingly, NF-kappaB-binding sites were located in both miR-16 and miR-21 gene transcriptional elements and we showed that nicotine enhanced the binding of NF-kappaB to the promoters of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	127-135	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	15-24
21081469-8	2011	Interestingly, NF-kappaB-binding sites were located in both miR-16 and miR-21 gene transcriptional elements and we showed that nicotine enhanced the binding of NF-kappaB to the promoters of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	127-135	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	60-66
21081469-8	2011	Interestingly, NF-kappaB-binding sites were located in both miR-16 and miR-21 gene transcriptional elements and we showed that nicotine enhanced the binding of NF-kappaB to the promoters of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	127-135	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	160-169
21081469-8	2011	Interestingly, NF-kappaB-binding sites were located in both miR-16 and miR-21 gene transcriptional elements and we showed that nicotine enhanced the binding of NF-kappaB to the promoters of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	127-135	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	190-196
20957418-6	2011	By using kinase inhibitors, the mechanism of nicotine upregulating CD80 was finally explored by flow cytometry.	Nicotine	45-53	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	67-71
20957418-7	2011	RESULTS: The results showed that: firstly, nicotine could upregulate the expressions of CD80, CD86, CD40,CD11b, MHC class I and II molecules in imDCs.	Nicotine	43-51	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	88-92
20957418-7	2011	RESULTS: The results showed that: firstly, nicotine could upregulate the expressions of CD80, CD86, CD40,CD11b, MHC class I and II molecules in imDCs.	Nicotine	43-51	CD86 antigen	Mus musculus	94-98
20957418-7	2011	RESULTS: The results showed that: firstly, nicotine could upregulate the expressions of CD80, CD86, CD40,CD11b, MHC class I and II molecules in imDCs.	Nicotine	43-51	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	105-110
20957418-9	2011	Most importantly, systemic transfer of ex vivo nicotine-stimulated imDCs, which enhanced CD80 expression through PI3K activation, could reveal preventive and effectively therapeutic effects on tumor development.	Nicotine	47-55	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	89-93
20142301-1	2011	Our previous studies have shown that the selective dopamine D(3) receptor antagonists SB-277011A or NGB 2904 significantly attenuate cocaine self-administration under a progressive-ratio reinforcement schedule and cocaine-, methamphetamine- or nicotine-enhanced brain stimulation reward.	Nicotine	244-252	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	51-73
21048701-3	2011	Recent human genetic association studies have implicated the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 encoding the alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits of the nAChR in susceptibility to develop nicotine and alcohol dependence; however, their role in ethanol-mediated behaviors is unknown due to the lack of suitable and selective research tools.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
21048701-3	2011	Recent human genetic association studies have implicated the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 encoding the alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits of the nAChR in susceptibility to develop nicotine and alcohol dependence; however, their role in ethanol-mediated behaviors is unknown due to the lack of suitable and selective research tools.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21107310-7	2011	Seven days of nicotine treatment can induce the expression of brain, but not hepatic, CYP2B, and this induction reduced propofol sleep times by 2.5-fold.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 7, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	86-91
20506223-0	2011	Enhanced dopamine transporter function in striatum during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	58-66	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	9-29
20506223-7	2011	Added to striatal slices, the DAT inhibitor nomifensine reduced the observed difference in DA overflow between saline and nicotine withdrawn mice implying a role for the transporter.	Nicotine	122-130	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	30-33
20506223-8	2011	The presented data suggest that DAT is transiently upregulated in the striatum early during nicotine withdrawal, and enhanced transporter function contributes to the decreased extracellular DA levels.	Nicotine	92-100	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	32-35
20951696-7	2011	In the current study, we assessed histamine H(1) receptor interaction with nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	75-83	histamine receptor H 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-57
22126492-2	2011	Many CYP enzymes function in the liver, but presence of CYP2E1 in the brain is demonstrating its role in both nicotine and ethanol metabolism.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
20888887-0	2011	The serotonin transporter gene and startle response during nicotine deprivation.	Nicotine	59-67	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-25
20888887-5	2011	The results suggest that l/l smokers, who may have higher levels of the serotonin transporter and more rapid synaptic serotonin clearance, experience substantial reduction in activation of the defensive system when exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	226-234	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	72-93
22085699-6	2011	METHODS: Using human benign MCF10A and malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cells and specific inhibitors of possible downstream kinases, we identified nAChR effectors that were activated by treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	197-205	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
22085699-8	2011	RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrated a novel signaling mechanism by which nicotine exposure activated Src to sensitize epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated pathways for breast cancer cell growth promotion.	Nicotine	77-85	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	105-108
22085699-8	2011	RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrated a novel signaling mechanism by which nicotine exposure activated Src to sensitize epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated pathways for breast cancer cell growth promotion.	Nicotine	77-85	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	122-154
22085699-8	2011	RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrated a novel signaling mechanism by which nicotine exposure activated Src to sensitize epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated pathways for breast cancer cell growth promotion.	Nicotine	77-85	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	156-160
22085699-9	2011	After the ligation of nAChR with nicotine, EGFR was shown to be activated and then internalized in both MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
22085699-9	2011	After the ligation of nAChR with nicotine, EGFR was shown to be activated and then internalized in both MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	33-41	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	43-47
22085699-10	2011	Subsequently, Src, Akt and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated at different time points following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	89-97	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	14-17
22085699-10	2011	Subsequently, Src, Akt and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated at different time points following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	89-97	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
22085699-10	2011	Subsequently, Src, Akt and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated at different time points following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	89-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	27-33
22085699-11	2011	We further demonstrated that through Src, the ligation of nicotine with nAChR stimulated the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway for the activation of E2F1 and further cell progression.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
22085699-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals the existence of a potential, regulatory network governed by the interaction of nicotine and nAChR that integrates the conventional, mitogenic Src and EGFR signals for breast cancer development.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
22085699-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals the existence of a potential, regulatory network governed by the interaction of nicotine and nAChR that integrates the conventional, mitogenic Src and EGFR signals for breast cancer development.	Nicotine	111-119	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	174-177
22085699-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals the existence of a potential, regulatory network governed by the interaction of nicotine and nAChR that integrates the conventional, mitogenic Src and EGFR signals for breast cancer development.	Nicotine	111-119	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	182-186
21110812-6	2011	A number of studies suggest that brain nAChR are critical targets for the development of pharmacotherapy for nicotine and other drug addictions.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
21110812-7	2011	In this review, we will discuss the nAChR subtypes, their function in response to endogenous brain transmitters, and how their functions are regulated in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
21822476-0	2011	Modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide y, glutamate, and substance p in Ganglia and brain areas involved in cardiovascular control after chronic exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	167-175	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	36-50
21187334-3	2011	This study visualizes and quantifies the subcellular mechanisms involved in nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation by using transfected fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged alpha4 nAChR subunits and an FP-tagged Sec24D endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site marker.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
21187334-3	2011	This study visualizes and quantifies the subcellular mechanisms involved in nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation by using transfected fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged alpha4 nAChR subunits and an FP-tagged Sec24D endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site marker.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
21187334-3	2011	This study visualizes and quantifies the subcellular mechanisms involved in nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation by using transfected fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged alpha4 nAChR subunits and an FP-tagged Sec24D endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site marker.	Nicotine	76-84	SEC24 homolog D, COPII coat complex component	Homo sapiens	205-211
21187334-8	2011	The alpha4beta2(enhanced-ER-export) nAChR resembles nicotine-exposed nAChRs with regard to stoichiometry, intracellular mobility, ERES enhancement, and PM localization.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
21187334-10	2011	The experimental data are simulated with a model incorporating two mechanisms: (1) nicotine acts as a stabilizing pharmacological chaperone for nascent alpha4beta2 nAChRs in the ER, eventually increasing PM receptors despite a bottleneck(s) in ER export; and (2) removal of the bottleneck (e.g., by expression of the beta2(enhanced-ER-export) subunit) is sufficient to increase PM nAChR numbers, even without nicotine.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
20943775-2	2011	We reported previously that nicotine suppresses constitutive nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and thereby proinflammatory cytokine (PIC) production in SHEP1 cells stably transfected with alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	28-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	84-93
22286796-5	2011	RESULTS: Our study shows that: a) kainic acid single administration increased the number of alpha-bungarotoxin insentive nicotinic receptors, b) nicotine was able to prevent such changes, c) repeated nicotine administration is capable to attenuate the damage of CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus.	Nicotine	145-153	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	270-273
20939852-2	2011	Our aim was to assess the putative release of nitric oxide, purines and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from inhibitory motor neurons (MNs) and their role in the myogenic tone, resting membrane potential (RMP) of smooth muscle cells (SMC), spontaneous inhibitory junction potentials (sIJP), mechanical relaxation, and IJP induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or nicotine.	Nicotine	375-383	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
21097981-2	2011	METHODS: We evaluated heteromeric nAChR regulation via [3H]epibatidine binding following cessation of chronic nicotine or varenicline treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22358085-4	2011	Our findings reveal that for both the processes of acquisition and consolidation, treatment with nicotine (0.035 or 0.175 mg/kg, free base, sc) shortened TL on the second day of the experiments (TL2), thus improving memory processes.	Nicotine	97-105	brachyury, T-box transcription factor T	Mus musculus	195-198
22358085-6	2011	Moreover, we found that treatment with nicotine, at the non-effective doses used during testing, prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment by inducing a decrease in TL2 values.	Nicotine	39-47	brachyury, T-box transcription factor T	Mus musculus	171-174
22125646-8	2011	These results suggested that alpha9 nAChR plays important roles in regulation of bronchial cell growth by endogenous acetylcholine and exogenous nicotine, and susceptibility to NNK-induced carcinogenic transformation.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
22046326-8	2011	Overall, our results suggest that genetic variants potentially involved in nicotine metabolization (mainly, CYP2A6 polymorphisms) are those showing the strongest association with smoking-related phenotypes, as opposed to genetic variants influencing the brain effects of nicotine, e.g., through nicotinic acetylcholine (CHRNA5), serotoninergic (HTR2A), opioid (OPRM1) or cannabinoid receptors (CNR1).	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	320-326
22046326-8	2011	Overall, our results suggest that genetic variants potentially involved in nicotine metabolization (mainly, CYP2A6 polymorphisms) are those showing the strongest association with smoking-related phenotypes, as opposed to genetic variants influencing the brain effects of nicotine, e.g., through nicotinic acetylcholine (CHRNA5), serotoninergic (HTR2A), opioid (OPRM1) or cannabinoid receptors (CNR1).	Nicotine	75-83	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	345-350
22046326-8	2011	Overall, our results suggest that genetic variants potentially involved in nicotine metabolization (mainly, CYP2A6 polymorphisms) are those showing the strongest association with smoking-related phenotypes, as opposed to genetic variants influencing the brain effects of nicotine, e.g., through nicotinic acetylcholine (CHRNA5), serotoninergic (HTR2A), opioid (OPRM1) or cannabinoid receptors (CNR1).	Nicotine	75-83	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	394-398
21966399-7	2011	The tight junction molecules occludin and ZO-1 were significantly reduced in the brain cortex of wildtype mice infected with E. coli and treated with nicotine, compared to alpha7(-/-) cells and animals.	Nicotine	150-158	occludin	Mus musculus	29-37
21966399-7	2011	The tight junction molecules occludin and ZO-1 were significantly reduced in the brain cortex of wildtype mice infected with E. coli and treated with nicotine, compared to alpha7(-/-) cells and animals.	Nicotine	150-158	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	42-46
21858078-0	2011	Molecular dynamics analysis reveals structural insights into mechanism of nicotine N-demethylation catalyzed by tobacco cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase.	Nicotine	74-82	abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	120-150
21199776-4	2011	The current review summarizes the important preclinical and clinical data, demonstrating the ability of nAChR ligands to modulate nicotine and alcohol-induced biobehavioral and neurochemical changes in laboratory animals and humans.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
20664191-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine pretreatment significantly attenuated the severity of lung injury and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and HMGB-1 in mice with ALI.	Nicotine	9-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	116-125
20664191-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine pretreatment significantly attenuated the severity of lung injury and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and HMGB-1 in mice with ALI.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	127-135
21081469-10	2011	EP2 or EP4 siRNA or antagonists impaired the nicotine-mediated NF-kappaB activity, upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21 and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	45-53	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	63-72
21081469-10	2011	EP2 or EP4 siRNA or antagonists impaired the nicotine-mediated NF-kappaB activity, upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21 and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	45-53	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
21081469-11	2011	Taken together, these results suggest that miR-16 and miR-21 are directly regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB and yet nicotine-promoted cell proliferation is mediated via EP2/4 receptors.	Nicotine	130-138	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	43-49
21081469-11	2011	Taken together, these results suggest that miR-16 and miR-21 are directly regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB and yet nicotine-promoted cell proliferation is mediated via EP2/4 receptors.	Nicotine	130-138	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	112-121
21267696-0	2010	Nicotine induces upregulated expression of beta defensin-2 via the p38MAPK pathway in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	43-58
21267696-3	2010	The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on the expression pattern of hBD-2 in keratinocytes.	Nicotine	66-74	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	104-109
21267696-7	2010	qRT-PCR revealed that the expression level of hBD-2 mRNA was significantly higher at 30 and 80 muM nicotine than the control without nicotine (P < 0.05).	Nicotine	99-107	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	46-51
21267696-7	2010	qRT-PCR revealed that the expression level of hBD-2 mRNA was significantly higher at 30 and 80 muM nicotine than the control without nicotine (P < 0.05).	Nicotine	133-141	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	46-51
21267696-9	2010	The p38MAP kinase inhibitor abolished the upregulated expression of hBD-2 by nicotine.	Nicotine	77-85	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	4-17
21267696-9	2010	The p38MAP kinase inhibitor abolished the upregulated expression of hBD-2 by nicotine.	Nicotine	77-85	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	68-73
21267696-10	2010	Both nAChR inhibitors also abolished the upregulation of hBD-2 by nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
21267696-10	2010	Both nAChR inhibitors also abolished the upregulation of hBD-2 by nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	57-62
21267696-11	2010	The present study demonstrated that nicotine causes upregulated expression of hBD-2 via the p38MAP kinase pathway in keratinocytes.	Nicotine	36-44	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	78-83
21267696-11	2010	The present study demonstrated that nicotine causes upregulated expression of hBD-2 via the p38MAP kinase pathway in keratinocytes.	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	92-105
21078494-10	2010	Nicotine not only failed to stimulate production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6, but its presence was shown to suppress the activation resulting from exposure to CE and LPS (P < 0.05).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	73-77
20840187-4	2010	Here we test the hypothesis that the nicotinic receptor genes CHRNA5 (rs16969968), CHRNA3 (rs578776), CHRNB3 (rs13277254) and CHRND (rs12466358) modify the risk for nicotine dependence associated with peer smoking.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-68
20696214-1	2010	Genome-wide association studies have underscored the importance of the clustered neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes with respect to nicotine dependence as well as lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-122
20696214-1	2010	Genome-wide association studies have underscored the importance of the clustered neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes with respect to nicotine dependence as well as lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
20696214-2	2010	CHRNB4, which encodes the nAChR beta4 subunit, plays a major role in the molecular mechanisms that govern nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
20727878-5	2010	Stimulation of the cells for 24h with nicotine caused increased uPA secretion with peak effect (78% above the control) occurring at a nicotine concentration of 10nM.	Nicotine	38-46	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	64-67
20727878-5	2010	Stimulation of the cells for 24h with nicotine caused increased uPA secretion with peak effect (78% above the control) occurring at a nicotine concentration of 10nM.	Nicotine	134-142	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	64-67
20840187-11	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Peer smoking had a substantially lower effect on nicotine dependence among those with the high-risk AA genotype at the functional SNP rs16969968 (CHRNA5) than among those with lower-risk genotypes.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-165
20615913-8	2010	Downstream to ERK1/2, nicotine induced the phosphorylation of Ets-like gene 1 in a timely co-ordinated manner with the up-regulation of the atherogenic transcription factor, early growth response 1 (Egr-1).	Nicotine	22-30	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-204
20615913-0	2010	Novel role of Egr-1 in nicotine-related neointimal formation.	Nicotine	23-31	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
20615913-9	2010	The treatment of balloon-injured arteries with a lentivirus vector carrying a short hairpin RNA against Egr-1 abolished the deleterious effect of nicotine on vascular remodelling.	Nicotine	146-154	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
20615913-10	2010	CONCLUSION: Nicotine acts through its receptors in VSMC to activate the ERK-Egr-1 signaling cascade that induces cell proliferation and exacerbates post-injury neointimal development.	Nicotine	12-20	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
20736995-1	2010	Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes have previously been associated with measures of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
20659174-6	2010	We have replicated the positive association with smoking of the NR4A3 SNP rs1131339 in this group (P = 0.04), providing an important confirmation of the involvement of the NR4A3 gene in nicotine addiction in patients with mental health disease, a population significantly at risk for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	186-194	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Homo sapiens	64-69
20659174-6	2010	We have replicated the positive association with smoking of the NR4A3 SNP rs1131339 in this group (P = 0.04), providing an important confirmation of the involvement of the NR4A3 gene in nicotine addiction in patients with mental health disease, a population significantly at risk for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	186-194	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Homo sapiens	172-177
20659174-6	2010	We have replicated the positive association with smoking of the NR4A3 SNP rs1131339 in this group (P = 0.04), providing an important confirmation of the involvement of the NR4A3 gene in nicotine addiction in patients with mental health disease, a population significantly at risk for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	284-292	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Homo sapiens	64-69
20659174-6	2010	We have replicated the positive association with smoking of the NR4A3 SNP rs1131339 in this group (P = 0.04), providing an important confirmation of the involvement of the NR4A3 gene in nicotine addiction in patients with mental health disease, a population significantly at risk for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	284-292	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Homo sapiens	172-177
20725741-0	2010	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes on chromosome 15q25.1 are associated with nicotine and opioid dependence severity.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
20725741-1	2010	A locus on chromosome 15q25.1 previously implicated in nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer encodes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed in the mesolimbic system and thought to mediate substance dependence.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-179
20725741-1	2010	A locus on chromosome 15q25.1 previously implicated in nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer encodes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed in the mesolimbic system and thought to mediate substance dependence.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
20736995-1	2010	Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes have previously been associated with measures of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-81
20854829-8	2010	KEY FINDINGS: Nicotine treatment induced marked endothelial damage and an obvious vasoconstriction in the aorta as evaluated by an increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression.	Nicotine	14-22	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-153
20854829-8	2010	KEY FINDINGS: Nicotine treatment induced marked endothelial damage and an obvious vasoconstriction in the aorta as evaluated by an increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression.	Nicotine	14-22	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
20854829-11	2010	SIGNIFICANCE: The findings indicate that nicotine is associated with an elevated synthesis of the vasoconstrictor peptide (ET-1); it also induces a reduction of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation (eNOS) and promotes oxidative stress in the vessel wall.	Nicotine	41-49	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
20708605-8	2010	The secreted Abeta was decreased and alphaAPPs was significantly increased by non-selective nAChR agonist nicotine (10 muM) and specific alpha7 nAChR agonist GTS-21 (1 muM), and APP expression was not affected.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20708605-8	2010	The secreted Abeta was decreased and alphaAPPs was significantly increased by non-selective nAChR agonist nicotine (10 muM) and specific alpha7 nAChR agonist GTS-21 (1 muM), and APP expression was not affected.	Nicotine	106-114	latexin	Homo sapiens	119-122
20708605-10	2010	CTF-alpha was increased and CTF-gamma was decreased when treated with nicotine (10 muM).	Nicotine	70-78	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	28-37
20708605-10	2010	CTF-alpha was increased and CTF-gamma was decreased when treated with nicotine (10 muM).	Nicotine	70-78	latexin	Homo sapiens	83-86
20708605-11	2010	In addition, the results of enymatic activity analysis showed that nicotine (1muM) and GTS-21 (0.1, 1 muM) decreased gamma-secretase activity, but has no effects on alpha-secretase activity and beta-secretase activity.	Nicotine	67-75	latexin	Homo sapiens	78-81
20615555-4	2010	In vivo treatment with nicotine attenuated muscular inflammation characterized by reduced metalloprotease MMP-9 activity, TNFalpha and NFkB content and increased muscular regeneration.	Nicotine	23-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	122-130
20685820-10	2010	In vitro, we determined that nicotine has additive effects to high glucose on reactive oxygen species generation and Akt phosphorylation in human mesangial cells.	Nicotine	29-37	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
20584212-5	2010	Variants in or near CHRND-CHRNG, CHRNA7 and CHRNA10 show modest association with nicotine dependence risk in the AA sample.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic delta subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
20705948-5	2010	In addition, the production of superoxide anion (lucigenin chemiluminescence) was increased, and SOD-1 protein decreased, in rats treated with nicotine compared with control rats.	Nicotine	143-151	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
20824368-4	2010	In this study, we explored the potential prometastatic role of nicotine in PDA through studying its effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and evaluated the role of OPN in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	63-71	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	167-201
20824368-4	2010	In this study, we explored the potential prometastatic role of nicotine in PDA through studying its effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and evaluated the role of OPN in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	63-71	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	203-207
20824368-8	2010	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Nicotine significantly enhanced the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF mRNA and protein in PDA cells.	Nicotine	24-32	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	84-88
20824368-9	2010	Blocking OPN with siRNA or OPN antibody prevented the nicotine-mediated increase of both MMP-9 and VEGF.	Nicotine	54-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	99-103
20824368-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our data show for the first time that cigarette smoking and nicotine may contribute to PDA metastasis through inducing MMP-9 and VEGF and suggest that OPN plays a central role in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	73-81	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	142-146
20705948-7	2010	In addition, the increase in superoxide anion production observed in nicotine-treated rats was reduced by ExT, and SOD-1 protein was increased in nicotine-treated rats by ExT.	Nicotine	146-154	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
20722969-6	2010	The data herein show: (i) nicotine and protease inhibitors cause an additive oxidative stress burden in endothelium; (ii) that the integrity of the BBB is disrupted after concurrent chronic nicotine and protease inhibitor administration; and (iii) that BBB endothelial dysfunction is correlated with a decrease in Notch-4 and ZO-1 expression.	Nicotine	26-34	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	326-330
20722969-6	2010	The data herein show: (i) nicotine and protease inhibitors cause an additive oxidative stress burden in endothelium; (ii) that the integrity of the BBB is disrupted after concurrent chronic nicotine and protease inhibitor administration; and (iii) that BBB endothelial dysfunction is correlated with a decrease in Notch-4 and ZO-1 expression.	Nicotine	190-198	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	326-330
20727979-5	2010	We found that the effects of nicotine on trace and contextual fear conditioning vary by brain region and nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
20685379-0	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster: dual role in nicotine addiction and lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-43
20715982-5	2010	In addition, these data also provide the first evidence for nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, accompanying the down-regulation of PTHrP/PPARgamma signaling in vivo following nicotine exposure during pregnancy.	Nicotine	60-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	151-160
20733118-12	2010	CONCLUSION: The alpha9-nAChR is important for nicotine-induced transformation of normal human breast epithelial cells.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
20715982-5	2010	In addition, these data also provide the first evidence for nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, accompanying the down-regulation of PTHrP/PPARgamma signaling in vivo following nicotine exposure during pregnancy.	Nicotine	189-197	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	151-160
20598018-2	2010	This frequency-dependent inhibition is because of nicotine desensitizing heteromeric beta2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
20598018-4	2010	This inhibition was replicated by application of alpha7 nAChR antagonists methyllcaconitine citrate or alpha-bungarotoxin in conjunction with the low dose of nicotine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
22371792-9	2010	RESULTS: Nicotine increased serum bone-resorbing cytokines (interleukin-1 and interleukin-6) and the bone resorption marker pyridinoline (PYD) while reducing the bone formation marker osteocalcin after 2 months of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	78-91
22371792-9	2010	RESULTS: Nicotine increased serum bone-resorbing cytokines (interleukin-1 and interleukin-6) and the bone resorption marker pyridinoline (PYD) while reducing the bone formation marker osteocalcin after 2 months of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	9-17	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	184-195
20727180-0	2010	Nicotine-induced survival signaling in lung cancer cells is dependent on their p53 status while its down-regulation by curcumin is independent.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	79-82
20727180-3	2010	We observed that the proliferative index of nicotine is different in the lung cancer cell lines H1299 (p53-/-) and A549 (p53+/+) which indicates that the mode of up-regulation of survival signals by nicotine might be different in cells with and without p53.	Nicotine	44-52	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	103-106
20727180-3	2010	We observed that the proliferative index of nicotine is different in the lung cancer cell lines H1299 (p53-/-) and A549 (p53+/+) which indicates that the mode of up-regulation of survival signals by nicotine might be different in cells with and without p53.	Nicotine	44-52	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	121-124
20727180-3	2010	We observed that the proliferative index of nicotine is different in the lung cancer cell lines H1299 (p53-/-) and A549 (p53+/+) which indicates that the mode of up-regulation of survival signals by nicotine might be different in cells with and without p53.	Nicotine	44-52	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	121-124
20727180-3	2010	We observed that the proliferative index of nicotine is different in the lung cancer cell lines H1299 (p53-/-) and A549 (p53+/+) which indicates that the mode of up-regulation of survival signals by nicotine might be different in cells with and without p53.	Nicotine	199-207	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	103-106
20727180-3	2010	We observed that the proliferative index of nicotine is different in the lung cancer cell lines H1299 (p53-/-) and A549 (p53+/+) which indicates that the mode of up-regulation of survival signals by nicotine might be different in cells with and without p53.	Nicotine	199-207	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	121-124
20727180-3	2010	We observed that the proliferative index of nicotine is different in the lung cancer cell lines H1299 (p53-/-) and A549 (p53+/+) which indicates that the mode of up-regulation of survival signals by nicotine might be different in cells with and without p53.	Nicotine	199-207	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	121-124
20727180-4	2010	RESULTS: While low concentrations of nicotine induced activation of NF-kappaB, Akt, Bcl2, MAPKs, AP1 and IAPs in H1299, it failed to induce NF-kappaB in A549, and compared to H1299, almost 100 times higher concentration of nicotine was required to induce all other survival signals in A549.	Nicotine	37-45	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
20727180-4	2010	RESULTS: While low concentrations of nicotine induced activation of NF-kappaB, Akt, Bcl2, MAPKs, AP1 and IAPs in H1299, it failed to induce NF-kappaB in A549, and compared to H1299, almost 100 times higher concentration of nicotine was required to induce all other survival signals in A549.	Nicotine	37-45	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	84-88
20727180-4	2010	RESULTS: While low concentrations of nicotine induced activation of NF-kappaB, Akt, Bcl2, MAPKs, AP1 and IAPs in H1299, it failed to induce NF-kappaB in A549, and compared to H1299, almost 100 times higher concentration of nicotine was required to induce all other survival signals in A549.	Nicotine	37-45	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	97-100
20727180-7	2010	The hypothesis was confirmed when lower concentrations of nicotine induced NF-kappaB in two more lung cancer cells, Hop-92 and NCI-H522 with mutant p53 status.	Nicotine	58-66	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	148-151
20727180-8	2010	Silencing of p53 in A549 using siRNA made the cells susceptible to nicotine-induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation as in A549 DN-p53 cells.	Nicotine	67-75	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	13-16
20727180-8	2010	Silencing of p53 in A549 using siRNA made the cells susceptible to nicotine-induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation as in A549 DN-p53 cells.	Nicotine	67-75	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	130-133
20727180-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The present study reveals a detrimental role of nicotine especially in lung cancer patients with impaired p53 status and identifies curcumin as a potential chemopreventive.	Nicotine	61-69	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	119-122
20362026-0	2010	Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) gene in the comorbidity of schizophrenia with alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	124-132	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-44
20362026-0	2010	Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) gene in the comorbidity of schizophrenia with alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	124-132	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	46-50
20362026-3	2010	Nicotine and alcohol are also able to modulate CART expression in the hypothalamic areas.	Nicotine	0-8	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-51
20362026-4	2010	In this study, we evaluated whether CART variants would influence the predisposition of schizophrenia subjects to alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	140-148	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	36-40
20362026-9	2010	Additional association studies in independent samples can evaluate whether CART gene is playing a role in the schizophrenia comorbidity with alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	167-175	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	75-79
20808433-1	2010	Multiple genome-wide and targeted association studies reveal a significant association of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-112
20808433-1	2010	Multiple genome-wide and targeted association studies reveal a significant association of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-134
20808433-1	2010	Multiple genome-wide and targeted association studies reveal a significant association of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	177-185	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	135-140
20700436-1	2010	Recently, genetic association findings for nicotine dependence, smoking behavior, and smoking-related diseases converged to implicate the chromosome 15q25.1 region, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit genes.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-190
20570248-5	2010	Among these, endogenous ligands to the nuclear receptor-transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors type-alpha (PPARalpha) have been recently found to suppress nicotine-induced responses of dopamine neurons.	Nicotine	181-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	133-142
20570248-9	2010	Additionally, PPARalpha activation in vivo reduces both the number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons and nicotine-induced increased locomotion.	Nicotine	112-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	14-23
20570248-11	2010	Thus, PPARalpha ligands might prove beneficial in treating disorders in which dopamine dysfunction plays a prominent role, such as schizophrenia and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	149-157	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	6-15
20598018-3	2010	Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 muM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
20598018-3	2010	Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 muM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Nicotine	223-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
20447445-3	2010	In this study, we evaluated the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on PDGFR activation and the subsequent activation of downstream anti-apoptotic processes through the Akt/BAD pathway.	Nicotine	51-59	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
20715483-4	2010	These psychopharmacological effects of nicotine may be produced by the ability of nicotine to promote the release of catecholamines, acetylcholine, beta-endorphin, glucocorticoid, and other hormones.	Nicotine	39-47	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	148-162
20715483-4	2010	These psychopharmacological effects of nicotine may be produced by the ability of nicotine to promote the release of catecholamines, acetylcholine, beta-endorphin, glucocorticoid, and other hormones.	Nicotine	82-90	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	148-162
20498001-0	2010	Nicotine diminishes testicular gametogenesis, steroidogenesis, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in adult albino rats: possible influence on pituitary gonadotropins and alteration of testicular antioxidant status.	Nicotine	0-8	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	67-97
20498001-3	2010	The Western blot and the reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the nicotine induced a marked decrease in the expression of testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, which helps in the transfer of cholesterol in mitochondria for the testosterone biosynthesis.	Nicotine	78-86	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	145-175
20498001-3	2010	The Western blot and the reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the nicotine induced a marked decrease in the expression of testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, which helps in the transfer of cholesterol in mitochondria for the testosterone biosynthesis.	Nicotine	78-86	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
20498001-7	2010	The results indicated that nicotine caused testicular toxicity by germ cell degeneration, inhibition of StAR gene expression along with androgen production in adult male rats probably by affecting pituitary gonadotropin, and/or modulating the extent of testicular antioxidant status.	Nicotine	27-35	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
20564069-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Recent genome-wide association studies of lung cancer have shown that the CHRNA5-A3 region on chromosome 15q24-25.1 is strongly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and nicotine dependence, and is thought to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well.	Nicotine	193-201	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-92
20616056-5	2010	Here we use unnatural amino acid mutagenesis coupled with agonist analogs to examine whether such a hydrogen bond is functionally significant in the alpha4beta2 neuronal nAChR, the receptor most associated with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	211-219	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
20400469-2	2010	Although few animal studies have assessed the role of the alpha5 nAChR in nicotine-mediated behaviors, recent evidence suggests an association between polymorphisms in the alpha5 nAChR gene and nicotine dependence phenotypes in humans.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
20400469-2	2010	Although few animal studies have assessed the role of the alpha5 nAChR in nicotine-mediated behaviors, recent evidence suggests an association between polymorphisms in the alpha5 nAChR gene and nicotine dependence phenotypes in humans.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
20447445-10	2010	We conclude that prenatal nicotine exposure attenuates the phosphorylation of PDGFR, Akt and Bad-136 during hypoxia in the CB of developing rats.	Nicotine	26-34	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
20509659-5	2010	The results suggest that compounds acting via some combination of DA, NE, or 5HT inhibition and/or antagonism of alpha4beta2-nAChR can potentially be new pharmacotherapeutics for treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	192-200	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
20061081-0	2010	Activation of 5-lipoxygenase is required for nicotine mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor cell growth.	Nicotine	45-53	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	14-28
20114055-2	2010	Among known subtypes of receptors, alpha 4 beta 2* and alpha 6 beta 2*-nAChR have the highest affinity for nicotine (where * indicates possibility of other subunits).	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
20471055-6	2010	A few compounds, however (salicylic acid, ofloxacin, caffeine, cotinine and nicotine), seemed more resistant, with after-treatment concentrations between 4 and 44ngL(-1).	Nicotine	76-84	leucine rich repeat containing 4C	Homo sapiens	162-168
20471055-7	2010	Nicotine showed the most refractory behaviour with concentrations ranging from 29 to 224ngL(-1) for treated samples.	Nicotine	0-8	leucine rich repeat containing 4C	Homo sapiens	88-94
20515764-8	2010	Microscopy analysis of lymphocytes structure showed a direct relationship between their size, their a-7 nAChR expression, and calcium release upon nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	147-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
20515764-9	2010	Then, this relationship suggested that lymphocytes need a prime activation to express the a-7 nAChR, and therefore to release calcium in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
20395358-7	2010	RESULTS: Nicotine and varenicline enhanced mouse P20 amplitude, while nicotine improved P20 habituation by selectively increasing the first-click response.	Nicotine	9-17	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	49-52
20395358-7	2010	RESULTS: Nicotine and varenicline enhanced mouse P20 amplitude, while nicotine improved P20 habituation by selectively increasing the first-click response.	Nicotine	70-78	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	88-91
20220107-0	2010	Nicotine suppresses interleukin-6 production from vascular endothelial cells: a possible therapeutic role of nicotine for preeclampsia.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-33
20220107-0	2010	Nicotine suppresses interleukin-6 production from vascular endothelial cells: a possible therapeutic role of nicotine for preeclampsia.	Nicotine	109-117	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-33
20220107-7	2010	Nicotine significantly preserved cell survival and suppressed IL-6 production from endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
20223446-0	2010	Nicotine restores endothelial dysfunction caused by excess sFlt1 and sEng in an in vitro model of preeclamptic vascular endothelium: a possible therapeutic role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists for preeclampsia.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-196
20223446-0	2010	Nicotine restores endothelial dysfunction caused by excess sFlt1 and sEng in an in vitro model of preeclamptic vascular endothelium: a possible therapeutic role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists for preeclampsia.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-203
20223446-3	2010	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta1 concentrations in the conditioned media treated with nicotine (10(-9) to 10(-6) M).	Nicotine	210-218	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	95-156
20223446-7	2010	Placental growth factor, but not transforming growth factor-beta1, production was significantly stimulated by the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	126-134	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-23
20162355-0	2010	HUVEC ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 synthesis in response to potentially athero-prone and athero-protective mechanical and nicotine chemical stimuli.	Nicotine	111-119	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	17-23
20393456-4	2010	The PPI-enhancing effects of nicotine in rodents are strain dependent, suggesting a genetic contribution to PPI within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
20393456-4	2010	The PPI-enhancing effects of nicotine in rodents are strain dependent, suggesting a genetic contribution to PPI within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
20162355-14	2010	In third bioreactor test case, a nicotine chemical stimulus induced a substantial VCAM-1 up-regulation and a moderate ICAM-1 up-regulation.	Nicotine	33-41	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	82-88
20162355-17	2010	Also, the level of VCAM-1 expressed by the nicotine stimulated ECs showed an elevated level of sensitivity to the athero-prone mechanical stimuli.	Nicotine	43-51	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
20309583-6	2010	In vivo, an experimental periodontitis rat model was established, and the effects of nicotine/alpha-Btx administration on expression of alpha 7 nAChR and development of periodontitis were evaluated.	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
20400893-2	2010	Although numerous studies have shown that high-affinity beta2-containing nAChRs are necessary for the nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual fear conditioning, it is unknown whether other high-affinity nAChR agonists are capable of enhancing this learning.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
20309583-8	2010	The expressions of alpha 7 nAChR and IL-1 beta were significantly increased by nicotine administration, whereas alpha-Btx treatment partially suppressed these effects.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
20309583-8	2010	The expressions of alpha 7 nAChR and IL-1 beta were significantly increased by nicotine administration, whereas alpha-Btx treatment partially suppressed these effects.	Nicotine	79-87	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	37-46
20236223-0	2010	Stimulation of lateral hypothalamic glutamate and acetylcholine efflux by nicotine: implications for mechanisms of nicotine-induced activation of orexin neurons.	Nicotine	74-82	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	146-152
20202080-2	2010	Nicotine self-administration alters neuropeptide expression in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons within paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and increases PVN responsiveness to norepinephrine during mild footshock stress.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	63-93
20236223-0	2010	Stimulation of lateral hypothalamic glutamate and acetylcholine efflux by nicotine: implications for mechanisms of nicotine-induced activation of orexin neurons.	Nicotine	115-123	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	146-152
20236223-2	2010	We have previously shown that acute systemic nicotine treatment induces Fos expression in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area (LH/PFA), with orexin/hypocretin neurons being particularly responsive.	Nicotine	45-53	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	152-158
20236223-7	2010	Thus, we further tested the role of afferent sources of glutamate and acetylcholine in mediating acute nicotine-induced activation of orexin neurons by unilaterally lesioning the prefrontal cortex or basal forebrain cholinergic regions.	Nicotine	103-111	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
20236223-8	2010	Lesioned animals showed reduced Fos-positive orexin neurons following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	70-78	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	45-51
20236223-9	2010	These data suggest that both acetylcholine and glutamate may mediate the effects of acute nicotine on the activity of hypothalamic neurons, including orexin/hypocretin cells.	Nicotine	90-98	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	150-156
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-116
20117222-2	2010	We previously reported sexually diergic, dose-dependent HPA responses in vivo following nicotine administration: Male rats had greater arginine vasopressin (AVP) responses than females, and female rats had greater adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) responses than males.	Nicotine	88-96	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
20117222-9	2010	Consistent with our in vivo and earlier in vitro studies, nicotine added to the hypothalamus tissue bath significantly increased HPA responses in a sex- and dose-dependent manner: Males had greater AVP responses than did females, and females had greater CRH responses than did males.	Nicotine	58-66	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
20117222-9	2010	Consistent with our in vivo and earlier in vitro studies, nicotine added to the hypothalamus tissue bath significantly increased HPA responses in a sex- and dose-dependent manner: Males had greater AVP responses than did females, and females had greater CRH responses than did males.	Nicotine	58-66	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	254-257
20147893-6	2010	Electrochemical recordings of prefrontal cholinergic transients evoked by S 38232 and nicotine indicated that the alpha4beta2(*) nAChR agonist evoked cholinergic transients that were characterized by a faster rise time and more rapid decay than those evoked by nicotine.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
20147893-6	2010	Electrochemical recordings of prefrontal cholinergic transients evoked by S 38232 and nicotine indicated that the alpha4beta2(*) nAChR agonist evoked cholinergic transients that were characterized by a faster rise time and more rapid decay than those evoked by nicotine.	Nicotine	261-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
20371741-1	2010	INTRODUCTION: Nicotine and tobacco smoking administration have demonstrated antinociceptive effects that are mediated by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor containing the beta2* subunit (beta(2)*-nAChR).	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-203
20106947-0	2010	Long-term nicotine exposure-induced chemoresistance is mediated by activation of Stat3 and downregulation of ERK1/2 via nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors in human bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	10-18	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	81-86
20106947-0	2010	Long-term nicotine exposure-induced chemoresistance is mediated by activation of Stat3 and downregulation of ERK1/2 via nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors in human bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	10-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	109-115
20106947-0	2010	Long-term nicotine exposure-induced chemoresistance is mediated by activation of Stat3 and downregulation of ERK1/2 via nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors in human bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
20106947-4	2010	The objective of this study was to identify the role of Stat3 in chemoresistance induced by nicotine in human bladder cancer cell line, T24 cells.	Nicotine	92-100	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	56-61
20106947-8	2010	We provide evidence for the first time that nicotine strongly activated Stat3, leading to Cyclin D1 overexpression, cell cycle perturbations, and chemoresistance.	Nicotine	44-52	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	72-77
20106947-9	2010	Furthermore, nicotine mobilized Stat3 signaling, resulting in the loss of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) activation and reduced chemosensitivity via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and beta-adrenoceptors.	Nicotine	13-21	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
20106947-9	2010	Furthermore, nicotine mobilized Stat3 signaling, resulting in the loss of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) activation and reduced chemosensitivity via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and beta-adrenoceptors.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	125-132
20079464-0	2010	Nicotine induces cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E(2) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	17-33
20079464-3	2010	Nicotine treatment increased the expressions of COX-2 at mRNA and protein level in a dose-dependent manner, following prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release enhancement.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
20079464-4	2010	Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, NF-kappaB inhibitor) and alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-Btx, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) attenuated the nicotine-induced COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production.	Nicotine	151-159	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	168-173
20079464-5	2010	Furthermore, nicotine-induced ICAM-1 expression was reduced by NS-398 (selective COX-2 inhibitor).	Nicotine	13-21	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	81-86
20079464-6	2010	Taken together, the present study demonstrated that nicotine-induced COX-2 expression through NF-kappaB activation which mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the induction of COX-2 was related to ICAM-1 expression.	Nicotine	52-60	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
20079464-6	2010	Taken together, the present study demonstrated that nicotine-induced COX-2 expression through NF-kappaB activation which mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the induction of COX-2 was related to ICAM-1 expression.	Nicotine	52-60	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
20307763-7	2010	RESULTS: The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of transforming growth factor beta(1), platelet-derived growth factor A, and basic fibroblast growth factor was significantly inhibited by nicotine exposure at a variety of time points.	Nicotine	190-198	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transforming growth factor beta-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	54-88
20470258-0	2010	Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells.	Nicotine	26-34	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	81-133
20470258-5	2010	RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide and nicotine synergistically induced the production of NO and PGE(2) and increased the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1.	Nicotine	32-40	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
20470258-5	2010	RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide and nicotine synergistically induced the production of NO and PGE(2) and increased the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1.	Nicotine	32-40	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
20177882-0	2010	Nicotine self-administration in the rat: effects of hypocretin antagonists and changes in hypocretin mRNA.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
20177882-2	2010	OBJECTIVES: These experiments examined the role of the hcrt system in nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	70-78	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
20582262-5	2010	Nicotine (1-300 muM), acting at neuronal nicotinic receptors, caused similar longitudinal muscle relaxations in colonic segments from WT and P2X2 and P2X3 subunit KO mice.	Nicotine	0-8	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 3	Mus musculus	150-154
19961902-0	2010	Effects of nicotine on the amplitude and gating of the auditory P50 and its influence by dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism.	Nicotine	11-19	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
19961902-2	2010	There is very little information regarding the neurochemical or genetic pathways through which nicotine regulates P50 amplitude and its suppression in human studies.	Nicotine	95-103	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
19961902-5	2010	While nicotine (relative to placebo) attenuated S(1) P50 amplitude in A1(+) allele carriers, in the A1(-) carriers it increased S(2) P50 amplitude and increased P50 gating as indexed by an augmented gating difference wave (GDW).	Nicotine	6-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
19961902-5	2010	While nicotine (relative to placebo) attenuated S(1) P50 amplitude in A1(+) allele carriers, in the A1(-) carriers it increased S(2) P50 amplitude and increased P50 gating as indexed by an augmented gating difference wave (GDW).	Nicotine	6-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
19961902-5	2010	While nicotine (relative to placebo) attenuated S(1) P50 amplitude in A1(+) allele carriers, in the A1(-) carriers it increased S(2) P50 amplitude and increased P50 gating as indexed by an augmented gating difference wave (GDW).	Nicotine	6-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
20338106-9	2010	Furthermore, nicotine induced activation of AKT and MAPK pathways, while inhibition of MAPK using U0126 and AKT by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, in part, blocked the antiapoptotic effects of nicotine against cisplatin and etoposide-induced apoptosis in NC.	Nicotine	13-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
20338106-9	2010	Furthermore, nicotine induced activation of AKT and MAPK pathways, while inhibition of MAPK using U0126 and AKT by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, in part, blocked the antiapoptotic effects of nicotine against cisplatin and etoposide-induced apoptosis in NC.	Nicotine	212-220	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
20338106-10	2010	CONCLUSION: Nicotine inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in NC via the AKT and MAPK-mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	12-20	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
20400469-2	2010	Although few animal studies have assessed the role of the alpha5 nAChR in nicotine-mediated behaviors, recent evidence suggests an association between polymorphisms in the alpha5 nAChR gene and nicotine dependence phenotypes in humans.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
20223588-10	2010	Perineural injection of nicotine (20nmol), a macrophage suppressor, prevented PSL-induced neuropathic pain and suppressed MIP-1alpha and IL-1beta expressions.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	137-145
19859904-0	2010	Association and interaction analysis of variants in CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in African and European Americans.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-58
19859904-1	2010	Several previous genome-wide and targeted association studies revealed that variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 that encode the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in European Americans (EAs) or others of European origin.	Nicotine	279-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-98
19859904-1	2010	Several previous genome-wide and targeted association studies revealed that variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 that encode the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in European Americans (EAs) or others of European origin.	Nicotine	279-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-120
19859904-1	2010	Several previous genome-wide and targeted association studies revealed that variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 that encode the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in European Americans (EAs) or others of European origin.	Nicotine	279-287	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	121-126
20373480-1	2010	Varenicline, alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist, is a new class of medications for treating nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
20491334-4	2010	Comparative analysis of frequency of p53 occurrence in serum in three studied group has been done with respect to nicotine addiction in COPD and NSCLC groups.	Nicotine	114-122	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	37-40
20177882-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm a previous report (Hollander et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:19480-19485, 2008) that the hypocretin receptor hcrtR1 is activated in nicotine reinforcement and in addition show that both the arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus are sites at which hcrt receptor mechanisms may influence reinforcement.	Nicotine	169-177	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
20177882-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm a previous report (Hollander et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:19480-19485, 2008) that the hypocretin receptor hcrtR1 is activated in nicotine reinforcement and in addition show that both the arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus are sites at which hcrt receptor mechanisms may influence reinforcement.	Nicotine	169-177	hypocretin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-152
20177882-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm a previous report (Hollander et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:19480-19485, 2008) that the hypocretin receptor hcrtR1 is activated in nicotine reinforcement and in addition show that both the arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus are sites at which hcrt receptor mechanisms may influence reinforcement.	Nicotine	169-177	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
20007924-1	2010	RATIONALE: Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on chromosome 15q24/25 as a risk for nicotine dependence, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-115
20007924-1	2010	RATIONALE: Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on chromosome 15q24/25 as a risk for nicotine dependence, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
19995481-0	2010	The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB 277011-A, but not the partial agonist BP 897, blocks cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	131-139	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
19995481-5	2010	SB 277011-A (1-10 mg/kg) was able to block cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, indicating that DRD3 selective antagonism may be an effective approach to prevent relapse for nicotine.	Nicotine	72-80	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
19995481-5	2010	SB 277011-A (1-10 mg/kg) was able to block cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, indicating that DRD3 selective antagonism may be an effective approach to prevent relapse for nicotine.	Nicotine	184-192	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
19890701-11	2010	Expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 decreased in nicotine-pretreated mice compared with model and vagotomy mice; IL-10 levels were not significantly different between the model group and nicotine group.	Nicotine	46-54	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	14-23
19890701-11	2010	Expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 decreased in nicotine-pretreated mice compared with model and vagotomy mice; IL-10 levels were not significantly different between the model group and nicotine group.	Nicotine	46-54	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	28-32
19955489-7	2010	Nicotine induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and cAMP in the presence and absence of AGE-2 and AGE-3.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	35-51
20050989-11	2010	Based on these findings, melatonin is able to minimize the negative effects of nicotine by blocking the activation of ERK and the other signalling pathways in which this enzyme is involved.	Nicotine	79-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
19969014-2	2010	This study was developed to examine how nicotine dependence alters endogenous opioid regulation of prolactin response, a peripheral marker of dopaminergic activity.	Nicotine	40-48	prolactin	Homo sapiens	99-108
20006620-1	2010	The pathway for oxidative degradation of nicotine in Arthrobacter nicotinovorans includes two genetically and structurally unrelated flavoenzymes, 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase (6HLNO) and 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase, which act with absolute stereospecificity on the L- and D-forms, respectively, of 6-hydroxy-nicotine.	Nicotine	41-49	6-hlno	Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans	147-175
19799936-2	2010	Here we examined the effects of a glycine transporter (GlyT1) inhibitor, which elevates glycine and hence NMDA signaling, on the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	151-159	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	55-60
19799936-9	2010	Given the hypothesized contribution of reinstatement and conditioned stimuli to drug abuse and relapse, these findings suggest that GlyT1 inhibitors could have utility for treating nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	181-189	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	132-137
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
20384816-3	2010	In this study we used an animal model of nicotine addiction to examine the possibility that changes in insular cortex levels of dopamine (DA)- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), a phosphoprotein enriched in DA neurons containing DA D1 receptors, may be associated with changes in vulnerability to nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	41-49	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	188-196
20384816-3	2010	In this study we used an animal model of nicotine addiction to examine the possibility that changes in insular cortex levels of dopamine (DA)- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), a phosphoprotein enriched in DA neurons containing DA D1 receptors, may be associated with changes in vulnerability to nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	318-326	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	188-196
19896527-2	2010	We tested the hypothesis that nicotine increases expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha7 and beta2 in a piglet model.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-99
19896527-2	2010	We tested the hypothesis that nicotine increases expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha7 and beta2 in a piglet model.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
19896527-10	2010	These findings provide evidence that early postnatal exposure to nicotine significantly affects nAChR subunit expressions in the developing brainstem.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-116
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
20124469-3	2010	Genome-wide association studies have implicated the nAChR gene cluster, CHRNA5/A3/B4, in nicotine addiction and lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
20124469-3	2010	Genome-wide association studies have implicated the nAChR gene cluster, CHRNA5/A3/B4, in nicotine addiction and lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-78
20124469-3	2010	Genome-wide association studies have implicated the nAChR gene cluster, CHRNA5/A3/B4, in nicotine addiction and lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	89-97	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	79-84
20061993-0	2010	Chrna4 A529 knock-in mice exhibit altered nicotine sensitivity.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	0-6
20061993-4	2010	However, one genetic variant has been implicated in altering nicotine sensitivity in mice is a T529A polymorphism in Chrna4, the gene that encodes the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) alpha4 subunit.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	117-123
20061993-7	2010	Compared with Chrna4 T529 littermate controls, the Chrna4 A529 knock-in mice exhibited greater sensitivity to the hypothermic effects of nicotine, reduced oral nicotine consumption and did not develop conditioned place preference to nicotine.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	51-57
20061993-7	2010	Compared with Chrna4 T529 littermate controls, the Chrna4 A529 knock-in mice exhibited greater sensitivity to the hypothermic effects of nicotine, reduced oral nicotine consumption and did not develop conditioned place preference to nicotine.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	51-57
20061993-7	2010	Compared with Chrna4 T529 littermate controls, the Chrna4 A529 knock-in mice exhibited greater sensitivity to the hypothermic effects of nicotine, reduced oral nicotine consumption and did not develop conditioned place preference to nicotine.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	51-57
19022425-9	2010	Cigarette smoking and nicotine stimulated the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) whereas benzo[a]pyrene (BP) only stimulated the expression of eNOS in HES cells.	Nicotine	22-30	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	60-83
19896492-2	2010	Previously, we showed that exposure to nicotine activates the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor in lymphocytes and endothelial cells, leading to alterations in cellular growth and vascular endothelial growth factor production.	Nicotine	39-47	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	210-244
19892012-10	2010	In addition, treatment with nicotine could induce COX-2, PGE(2), and IL-6 generation in in vivo and in vitro studies.	Nicotine	28-36	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
19892012-10	2010	In addition, treatment with nicotine could induce COX-2, PGE(2), and IL-6 generation in in vivo and in vitro studies.	Nicotine	28-36	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	69-73
20339300-8	2010	Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Bcl-2, Pax3, Bmp4 and Slug was down-regulated in the nicotine group, while the expression of P53, Bax and Msx1 was up-regulated.	Nicotine	100-108	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	47-52
20339300-8	2010	Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Bcl-2, Pax3, Bmp4 and Slug was down-regulated in the nicotine group, while the expression of P53, Bax and Msx1 was up-regulated.	Nicotine	100-108	paired box 3	Homo sapiens	54-58
20339300-8	2010	Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Bcl-2, Pax3, Bmp4 and Slug was down-regulated in the nicotine group, while the expression of P53, Bax and Msx1 was up-regulated.	Nicotine	100-108	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	140-143
20339300-8	2010	Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Bcl-2, Pax3, Bmp4 and Slug was down-regulated in the nicotine group, while the expression of P53, Bax and Msx1 was up-regulated.	Nicotine	100-108	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	145-148
20109141-8	2010	The non-selective nAChR agonist nicotine has been shown to improve CDS in several human clinical studies, and recent trials have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of more alpha4beta2 selective compounds.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
19022425-9	2010	Cigarette smoking and nicotine stimulated the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) whereas benzo[a]pyrene (BP) only stimulated the expression of eNOS in HES cells.	Nicotine	22-30	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	85-89
19022425-9	2010	Cigarette smoking and nicotine stimulated the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) whereas benzo[a]pyrene (BP) only stimulated the expression of eNOS in HES cells.	Nicotine	22-30	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	95-116
19022425-9	2010	Cigarette smoking and nicotine stimulated the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) whereas benzo[a]pyrene (BP) only stimulated the expression of eNOS in HES cells.	Nicotine	22-30	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
19022425-9	2010	Cigarette smoking and nicotine stimulated the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) whereas benzo[a]pyrene (BP) only stimulated the expression of eNOS in HES cells.	Nicotine	22-30	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	186-190
19602125-4	2009	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Differences in the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL mRNAs, in response to exposure to various concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mm) were evaluated in U2OS cells using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.In addition, the levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL proteins were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Nicotine	154-162	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	70-83
19626424-6	2010	Furthermore, we examined the ability of the cells to release cytokine when stimulated with both nicotine and LPS and showed that the stimulation with LPS augmented the secretion of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	96-104	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	188-193
19626424-6	2010	Furthermore, we examined the ability of the cells to release cytokine when stimulated with both nicotine and LPS and showed that the stimulation with LPS augmented the secretion of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	96-104	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	195-199
19626424-6	2010	Furthermore, we examined the ability of the cells to release cytokine when stimulated with both nicotine and LPS and showed that the stimulation with LPS augmented the secretion of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	96-104	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	205-214
19501920-5	2009	Using primary equine pulmonary artery endothelial cells culture and real-time RT-PCR method, we observed that ACh, nicotine, and muscarine inhibit the expression of E-selectin and vascular endothelial growth factor by endothelial cells stimulated by reIL-4.	Nicotine	115-123	selectin E	Equus caballus	165-175
19785998-0	2009	Catestatin attenuates the effects of intrathecal nicotine and isoproterenol.	Nicotine	49-57	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-10
19785998-8	2009	Cts attenuated the hypertensive effect of nicotine on mean arterial pressure (at 10 microg nicotine, 19.3 mmHg pre-Cts to 6.8 mmHg post-Cts), splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (at 10 microg nicotine, 10.7% pre-Cts to 4.5% post-Cts), and HR (at 10 microg nicotine, 4.1% pre-Cts to 2.0% post-Cts).	Nicotine	42-50	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
19785998-8	2009	Cts attenuated the hypertensive effect of nicotine on mean arterial pressure (at 10 microg nicotine, 19.3 mmHg pre-Cts to 6.8 mmHg post-Cts), splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (at 10 microg nicotine, 10.7% pre-Cts to 4.5% post-Cts), and HR (at 10 microg nicotine, 4.1% pre-Cts to 2.0% post-Cts).	Nicotine	91-99	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
19785998-8	2009	Cts attenuated the hypertensive effect of nicotine on mean arterial pressure (at 10 microg nicotine, 19.3 mmHg pre-Cts to 6.8 mmHg post-Cts), splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (at 10 microg nicotine, 10.7% pre-Cts to 4.5% post-Cts), and HR (at 10 microg nicotine, 4.1% pre-Cts to 2.0% post-Cts).	Nicotine	91-99	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
19785998-8	2009	Cts attenuated the hypertensive effect of nicotine on mean arterial pressure (at 10 microg nicotine, 19.3 mmHg pre-Cts to 6.8 mmHg post-Cts), splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (at 10 microg nicotine, 10.7% pre-Cts to 4.5% post-Cts), and HR (at 10 microg nicotine, 4.1% pre-Cts to 2.0% post-Cts).	Nicotine	91-99	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
19602125-6	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine was found to increase the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL mRNA and protein in U2OS cells (p < 0.05).	Nicotine	9-17	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	73-86
19602125-10	2009	Tissue-type plasminogen activator was also found to be up-regulated by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05).	Nicotine	71-79	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	0-33
19741199-5	2009	Treatment of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) with the cholinergic agonists nicotine and GTS-21 significantly reduced IL-6-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and ICAM-1 expression which are regulated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Nicotine	149-157	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	318-323
19903766-5	2009	Here, we found that nicotine induces Mcl-1 phosphorylation through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in association with increased chemoresistance of human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	20-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	81-122
19846875-3	2009	In this study, we determined the immunological effects of alpha7 nAChR activation by nicotine.	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
19846875-10	2009	Furthermore, nicotine reduced NF-kappaB-mediated transcription as measured by IL-2 and IkappaB transcription.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
19940180-5	2009	Misexpressing PSCA before cell death in the ciliary ganglion blocks alpha7-nAChR activation by nicotine and rescues the choroid subpopulation from dying.	Nicotine	95-103	prostate stem cell antigen	Mus musculus	14-18
19858493-5	2009	We used this method to molecularly characterize bdav/cct8 and hbog/gabbr1.2 as mutations with altered nicotine response.	Nicotine	102-110	chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 8 (theta)	Danio rerio	48-52
19858493-5	2009	We used this method to molecularly characterize bdav/cct8 and hbog/gabbr1.2 as mutations with altered nicotine response.	Nicotine	102-110	chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 8 (theta)	Danio rerio	53-57
19858493-5	2009	We used this method to molecularly characterize bdav/cct8 and hbog/gabbr1.2 as mutations with altered nicotine response.	Nicotine	102-110	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1b	Danio rerio	62-66
19741199-9	2009	Finally, we observed that nicotine and GTS-21 treatment decreased levels of SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling; a regulator of the inflammatory activity of IL-6) in activated endothelial cells.	Nicotine	26-34	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	161-165
19673871-11	2009	I/R treatment increased mRNA levels of COX-2, IL-1beta, IL-6 and iNOS, which were further augmented by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	103-111	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	46-54
19673871-11	2009	I/R treatment increased mRNA levels of COX-2, IL-1beta, IL-6 and iNOS, which were further augmented by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	103-111	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
19673871-11	2009	I/R treatment increased mRNA levels of COX-2, IL-1beta, IL-6 and iNOS, which were further augmented by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	103-111	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
19673871-12	2009	Correspondingly, nicotine (0.35 mg kg(-1) daily) markedly enhanced the protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS.	Nicotine	17-25	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
19729077-3	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	114-122	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	145-161
19729077-3	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	114-122	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	163-168
19729077-3	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	114-122	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	171-202
19729077-3	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	114-122	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	204-208
19729077-6	2009	Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	37-45	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	87-95
19729077-6	2009	Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	37-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-106
19729077-6	2009	Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	37-45	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	108-112
19729077-6	2009	Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	37-45	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	158-163
19729077-8	2009	Treatment with inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, MAPKs, p38, and JNK, as well as a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in nicotine- and LPS-treated cells.	Nicotine	175-183	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	76-79
19732285-6	2009	Nicotine suppresses IL-1beta and IL-6 expression at least in part by inhibiting NFkappaB activation.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	20-28
19644040-1	2009	The alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is involved in nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in the striatum.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
19644040-2	2009	It is expressed in brain regions and coexpressed with nAChR subtypes implicated in nicotine dependence behaviors; hence, this subunit may play a role in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
19644040-2	2009	It is expressed in brain regions and coexpressed with nAChR subtypes implicated in nicotine dependence behaviors; hence, this subunit may play a role in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
19644040-9	2009	These results suggest a role for the alpha6 nAChR subunit in nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal but not acute nicotine-induced or physical withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
19644040-9	2009	These results suggest a role for the alpha6 nAChR subunit in nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal but not acute nicotine-induced or physical withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
19644040-9	2009	These results suggest a role for the alpha6 nAChR subunit in nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal but not acute nicotine-induced or physical withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
19841737-14	2009	In addition, nicotine significantly reduced the expression of epithelial markers, E-Cadherin and beta-Catenin as well as the tight junction protein ZO-1; these tumors also showed an increased expression of the alpha(7) nAChR subunit.	Nicotine	13-21	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	82-92
19841737-14	2009	In addition, nicotine significantly reduced the expression of epithelial markers, E-Cadherin and beta-Catenin as well as the tight junction protein ZO-1; these tumors also showed an increased expression of the alpha(7) nAChR subunit.	Nicotine	13-21	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	125-152
19628475-7	2009	NAChRs formed by mutant alpha3 and alpha4 and wild-type (WT) beta4 subunits exhibited altered affinity for nicotine (Nic), reduced use-dependent rundown of Nic-activated currents (I(Nic)) and reduced desensitization leading to sustained intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, in comparison with WT-nAChR.	Nicotine	107-115	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	24-41
19628476-1	2009	A cluster of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes on chromosome 15 (CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4) has been shown to be associated with nicotine dependence and smoking quantity.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-82
19628476-8	2009	Variation at CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 cluster influences nicotine level, measured as cotinine, more strongly than smoking quantity, measured by CPD, and appears thus to be involved in regulation of nicotine levels among smokers.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-19
19628476-8	2009	Variation at CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 cluster influences nicotine level, measured as cotinine, more strongly than smoking quantity, measured by CPD, and appears thus to be involved in regulation of nicotine levels among smokers.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-19
19804648-2	2009	In this study we sought to characterize the cellular localization of phosphorylated, active ERK in organotypic hippocampal cultures after acute exposure to either Abeta (1-42) or nicotine.	Nicotine	179-187	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
19804648-3	2009	RESULTS: We observed that Abeta and nicotine increased the levels of active ERK in distinct cellular localizations.	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
19804648-4	2009	We also examined whether phospho-ERK was regulated by redox signaling mechanisms and found that increases in active ERK induced by Abeta and nicotine were blocked by inhibitors of NADPH oxidase.	Nicotine	141-149	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
19804648-4	2009	We also examined whether phospho-ERK was regulated by redox signaling mechanisms and found that increases in active ERK induced by Abeta and nicotine were blocked by inhibitors of NADPH oxidase.	Nicotine	141-149	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
20871796-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Several studies have found replicable associations between nicotine dependence and specific variants in the nicotinic receptor genes CHRNA5(rs16969968) and CHRNA3(rs3743078).	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-151
19732285-6	2009	Nicotine suppresses IL-1beta and IL-6 expression at least in part by inhibiting NFkappaB activation.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	33-37
19540212-1	2009	A major hurdle in defining the molecular biology of nicotine addiction has been characterizing the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the brain and how nicotine alters their function.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-141
19540212-1	2009	A major hurdle in defining the molecular biology of nicotine addiction has been characterizing the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the brain and how nicotine alters their function.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
19927714-7	2009	ALP activity increased to peak on 10 days in control and 1 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) nicotine.	Nicotine	80-88	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	0-3
19927714-10	2009	CONCLUSION: Nicotine suppresses osteogenesis through a decrease in ALP and COL1 production by osteoblasts.	Nicotine	12-20	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	67-70
19623583-5	2009	Using siRNA methodology, we found that the alpha(7) nAChR plays a dominant role in nicotine-induced cell signaling (assessed by intracellular calcium and NO imaging, and studies of protein expression and phosphorylation), as well as nicotine-activated EC functions (proliferation, survival, migration, and tube formation).	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19623583-7	2009	Our studies reveal a critical role for the alpha(7) nAChR in mediating the effects of nicotine on the endothelium.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19054295-0	2009	Nicotine suppresses bone sialoprotein gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	20-37
19054295-6	2009	To determine the molecular basis of the transcriptional regulation of the BSP gene by nicotine, we conducted Northern hybridization, transient transfection analyses with chimeric constructs of the BSP gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene and gel mobility shift assays.	Nicotine	86-94	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
19054295-7	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine (250 microg/mL) decreased the BSP mRNA levels at 12 and 24 h in UMR106 and ROS 17/2.8 cells.	Nicotine	9-17	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
19054295-8	2009	From transient transfection assays using various sized BSP promoter-luciferase constructs, nicotine decreased the luciferase activities of the construct, including the promoter sequence nucleotides -116 to +60, in UMR106 and RBMC-D8 cells.	Nicotine	91-99	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
19054295-9	2009	Nicotine decreased the nuclear protein binding to the cAMP response element (CRE), fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE) and homeodomain protein-binding site (HOX) at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that nicotine suppresses BSP transcription mediated through CRE, FRE and HOX elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	250-253
19054295-9	2009	Nicotine decreased the nuclear protein binding to the cAMP response element (CRE), fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE) and homeodomain protein-binding site (HOX) at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that nicotine suppresses BSP transcription mediated through CRE, FRE and HOX elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	347-350
19054295-9	2009	Nicotine decreased the nuclear protein binding to the cAMP response element (CRE), fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE) and homeodomain protein-binding site (HOX) at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that nicotine suppresses BSP transcription mediated through CRE, FRE and HOX elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene.	Nicotine	230-238	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	250-253
19054295-9	2009	Nicotine decreased the nuclear protein binding to the cAMP response element (CRE), fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE) and homeodomain protein-binding site (HOX) at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that nicotine suppresses BSP transcription mediated through CRE, FRE and HOX elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene.	Nicotine	230-238	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	347-350
19438974-5	2009	The effect of CSE or nicotine on the expression of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 in stimulated HGEC cultures was evaluated by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	Nicotine	21-29	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	83-98
19706762-0	2009	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster affects risk for nicotine dependence in African-Americans and in European-Americans.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
19706762-1	2009	Genetic association studies have shown the importance of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q24-25.1 for the risk of nicotine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer in populations of European descent.	Nicotine	187-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-79
19706762-6	2009	Other SNPs that have been shown to affect the mRNA levels of CHRNA5 in European-Americans are associated with nicotine dependence in African-Americans but not in European-Americans.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-67
19706762-9	2009	In summary, multiple variants in this gene cluster contribute to nicotine dependence risk, and some are also associated with functional effects on CHRNA5.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-153
19641967-5	2009	Furthermore, we have shown that by molecularly targeting PPAR gamma expression, nicotine-induced lung injury can not only be significantly averted, it can also be reverted.	Nicotine	80-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	57-67
19654299-0	2009	Nicotine stimulates PPARbeta/delta expression in human lung carcinoma cells through activation of PI3K/mTOR and suppression of AP-2alpha.	Nicotine	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	103-107
19654299-1	2009	We previously showed that nicotine stimulates non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated signals.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-143
19654299-1	2009	We previously showed that nicotine stimulates non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated signals.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	351-380
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	382-386
19443489-0	2009	Risk for nicotine dependence and lung cancer is conferred by mRNA expression levels and amino acid change in CHRNA5.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-115
19443489-1	2009	Nicotine dependence risk and lung cancer risk are associated with variants in a region of chromosome 15 encompassing genes encoding the nicotinic receptor subunits CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-170
19443489-3	2009	Using gene expression and disease association studies, we provide evidence that both nicotine-dependence risk and lung cancer risk are influenced by functional variation in CHRNA5.	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-179
19443489-6	2009	When the non-risk allele occurs on the background of low mRNA expression of CHRNA5, the risk for nicotine dependence and lung cancer is significantly lower compared to those with the higher mRNA expression.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-82
19443489-8	2009	We conclude that there are at least two distinct mechanisms conferring risk for nicotine dependence and lung cancer: altered receptor function caused by a D398N amino acid variant in CHRNA5 (rs16969968) and variability in CHRNA5 mRNA expression.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-189
19443489-8	2009	We conclude that there are at least two distinct mechanisms conferring risk for nicotine dependence and lung cancer: altered receptor function caused by a D398N amino acid variant in CHRNA5 (rs16969968) and variability in CHRNA5 mRNA expression.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	222-228
19398468-0	2009	Downregulation of miR-133 and miR-590 contributes to nicotine-induced atrial remodelling in canines.	Nicotine	53-61	microRNA 590	Canis lupus familiaris	30-37
19398468-7	2009	Nicotine produced significant upregulation of expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaRII at the protein level, and a 60-70% decrease in the levels of miRNAs miR-133 and miR-590.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 590	Canis lupus familiaris	166-173
19398468-12	2009	CONCLUSION: We conclude that the profibrotic response to nicotine in canine atrium is critically dependent upon downregulation of miR-133 and miR-590.	Nicotine	57-65	microRNA 590	Canis lupus familiaris	142-149
19569163-10	2009	The net action of prolonged exposure to AMOP-H-OH or its analogues, as for nicotine, seems to be a selective decrease in alpha4beta2-nAChR function.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
19741199-5	2009	Treatment of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) with the cholinergic agonists nicotine and GTS-21 significantly reduced IL-6-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and ICAM-1 expression which are regulated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Nicotine	149-157	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	191-195
19641473-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that SNPs in the CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 region contribute to lung cancer risk, and while variant alleles are less frequent in African Americans, risk in this group may be greater than in whites and less likely to reflect an indirect effect on lung cancer risk through nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	299-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-70
19564872-2	2009	Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-encoding genes are among the most prominent candidate genes studied in the context of ND, because of their biological relevance as binding sites for nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-38
19564872-2	2009	Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-encoding genes are among the most prominent candidate genes studied in the context of ND, because of their biological relevance as binding sites for nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
19438974-5	2009	The effect of CSE or nicotine on the expression of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 in stimulated HGEC cultures was evaluated by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	Nicotine	21-29	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	100-105
19656028-4	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment concomitantly downregulated the expression of OPG and osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, and upregulated the expression of RANKL.	Nicotine	9-17	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	150-161
19654299-6	2009	Of note, nicotine induced complex formation between alpha7 nAChR and PPARbeta/delta protein and increased PPARbeta/delta gene promoter activity through inhibition of AP-2alpha as shown by reduced AP-2alpha binding using electrophoretic gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
19654299-8	2009	Collectively, our results show that nicotine increases PPARbeta/delta gene expression through alpha7 nAChR-mediated activation of PI3K/mTOR signals that inhibit AP-2alpha protein expression and DNA binding activity to the PPARbeta/delta gene promoter.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
19654299-8	2009	Collectively, our results show that nicotine increases PPARbeta/delta gene expression through alpha7 nAChR-mediated activation of PI3K/mTOR signals that inhibit AP-2alpha protein expression and DNA binding activity to the PPARbeta/delta gene promoter.	Nicotine	36-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	135-139
19656028-5	2009	Nicotine induced the synthesis of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) as well as a number of cellular antioxidants and phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1.	Nicotine	0-8	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	59-81
19656028-5	2009	Nicotine induced the synthesis of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) as well as a number of cellular antioxidants and phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1.	Nicotine	0-8	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
19656028-8	2009	These data suggest that Nrf2-mediated induction of cellular antioxidants and phase II enzymes could contribute to the cellular defense against nicotine-induced cytotoxicity and osteoclastic differentiation in PDL cells.	Nicotine	143-151	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
19433117-0	2009	Increased densities of monocarboxylate transport protein MCT1 after chronic administration of nicotine in rat brain.	Nicotine	94-102	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
19433117-3	2009	Therefore, the question arose as to whether chronic nicotine infusion is accompanied by increased local densities of monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 in the brain.	Nicotine	52-60	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
19433117-10	2009	In summary, our data show that chronic nicotine infusion induces a moderate increase of local and global density of MCT1 in defined brain structures.	Nicotine	39-47	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
19433117-12	2009	It is concluded that MCT1 transporters were upregulated during chronic nicotine infusion at the level of brain substructures and, at least partially, independently of LCGU.	Nicotine	71-79	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
19433117-8	2009	A comparison of 23 MCT1 densities with LCGU measured in the same structures in a previous study revealed a partial correlation between both parameters under control conditions and after chronic nicotine infusion.	Nicotine	194-202	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
19433117-9	2009	10 out of 23 brain areas, which showed a significant increase of MCT1 density due to chronic nicotine infusion, also showed a significant increase of LCGU.	Nicotine	93-101	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
19290018-6	2009	The consistent effect estimates across three independent cohorts elaborate on recently published functional studies of rs2236196 from the CHRNA4 3"-untranslated region and seem to converge with accumulating evidence to firmly implicate the variant G allele of this polymorphism in the intensification of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	304-312	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-144
19217073-0	2009	Corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor activation mediates nicotine withdrawal-induced deficit in brain reward function and stress-induced relapse.	Nicotine	62-70	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-30
19603529-8	2009	In contrast, there was an interaction of the NOS3 polymorphism and airborne nicotine concentration with FeNO levels (P = 0.01).	Nicotine	76-84	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	45-49
19217073-2	2009	Previous research has shown that blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors with a nonspecific CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine-seeking in rats.	Nicotine	203-211	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	45-75
19217073-2	2009	Previous research has shown that blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors with a nonspecific CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine-seeking in rats.	Nicotine	272-280	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	45-75
19358273-8	2009	Nicotine activated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not p38 or c-Jun NH2-terminal MAP kinases.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	42-48
19358273-9	2009	Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation reduced the nicotine-induced OPN synthesis.	Nicotine	44-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	14-20
19212318-0	2009	Nucleus accumbens CREB activity is necessary for nicotine conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	49-57	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	18-22
19212318-3	2009	Previous studies have implicated nucleus accumbens (NAc) CREB activity in the modulation of cocaine and morphine reward, and have shown that nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) is associated with NAc CREB activation.	Nicotine	141-149	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	57-61
19212318-3	2009	Previous studies have implicated nucleus accumbens (NAc) CREB activity in the modulation of cocaine and morphine reward, and have shown that nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) is associated with NAc CREB activation.	Nicotine	141-149	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	208-212
19212318-8	2009	Taken together, these studies identify the NAc shell as a brain region where CREB activity is essential for nicotine CPP.	Nicotine	108-116	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	77-81
19436041-1	2009	INTRODUCTION: Previous research revealed significant associations between haplotypes in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 subunit cluster and scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among individuals reporting daily smoking by age 17.	Nicotine	159-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-98
19609360-7	2009	The subunits are very similar in sequence to C. elegans UNC-29 and UNC-38, are expressed on muscle cells and can be expressed robustly in Xenopus oocytes to form acetylcholine-, nicotine-, levamisole- and pyrantel-sensitive channels.	Nicotine	178-186	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type unc-38	Caenorhabditis elegans	67-73
19436041-8	2009	DISCUSSION: The CHRNA5-A3-B4 haplotypes are associated with a broad range of nicotine dependence phenotypes, but these associations are not consistently moderated by age at initial smoking.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-22
19498421-3	2009	RESULTS: Application of 0.1 micromol/L nicotine or 1 mmol/L acetylcholine (ACh) for 1 s or longer induced two phases, with time constants of approximately 70 and approximately 700 ms, for the onset of alpha4beta2-nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
19434055-4	2009	This minireview summarized recent studies on nicotine effects on insulin action and insulin secretion, indicating the impact of nicotine on type 2 diabetes development.	Nicotine	45-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
19285064-0	2009	Involvement of neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptors in the acute, chronic and withdrawal effects of nicotine on feeding and body weight in rats.	Nicotine	93-101	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	15-29
19469000-6	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine (100 microg/mL, 200 microg/mL) enhanced TE-13 cells migration and invasion, and increased the protein expression of COX-2 and the activity of MMP-2.	Nicotine	9-17	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	134-139
19429100-0	2009	Nicotine suppresses energy storage through activation of sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue via corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	105-135
19285064-5	2009	Nicotine-induced anorexia was antagonized by pre-treatment with neuropeptide Y or [Leu(31),Pro(34)]neuropeptide Y, and potentiated by BIBP3226.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	64-78
19285064-5	2009	Nicotine-induced anorexia was antagonized by pre-treatment with neuropeptide Y or [Leu(31),Pro(34)]neuropeptide Y, and potentiated by BIBP3226.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	99-113
19285064-10	2009	Additionally, immunocytochemical profile of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus was studied following differential nicotine treatments.	Nicotine	114-122	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	44-58
19285064-11	2009	Acute nicotine treatment dramatically reduced neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei.	Nicotine	6-14	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	46-60
19285064-12	2009	Chronic nicotine administration decreased neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in arcuate, but not in paraventricular nucleus.	Nicotine	8-16	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	42-56
19285064-13	2009	Nicotine withdrawal resulted in significant increase in the neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in both the nuclei.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	60-74
19285064-15	2009	The results suggest that neuropeptide Y in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus may be involved in acute, chronic and withdrawal effects of nicotine on the feeding behavior, possibly via neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptors.	Nicotine	158-166	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	25-39
19285064-15	2009	The results suggest that neuropeptide Y in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus may be involved in acute, chronic and withdrawal effects of nicotine on the feeding behavior, possibly via neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptors.	Nicotine	158-166	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	205-219
19285975-0	2009	Differential induction of ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1 and nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1/2 in rat liver by chronic nicotine treatment and voluntary ethanol intake.	Nicotine	113-121	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
19285975-2	2009	We investigated the influences of chronic nicotine treatment and voluntary ethanol intake on the induction of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolize ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-137
19285975-2	2009	We investigated the influences of chronic nicotine treatment and voluntary ethanol intake on the induction of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolize ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
19285975-2	2009	We investigated the influences of chronic nicotine treatment and voluntary ethanol intake on the induction of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolize ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	180-188	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-137
19285975-2	2009	We investigated the influences of chronic nicotine treatment and voluntary ethanol intake on the induction of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolize ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	180-188	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
19285975-7	2009	CYP2E1 was increased 1.7, 1.8, and 1.4 fold by the three doses of nicotine alone (P<0.02-0.21); CYP2E1 levels were increased by voluntary ethanol intake alone and a further 2.4, 2.2, and 1.8 fold by 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/kg nicotine respectively versus saline pretreatment (P<0.002-0.06).	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
19285975-11	2009	Chronic nicotine increased voluntary ethanol intake thereby enhancing CYP2E1 and CYP2B1/2 levels.	Nicotine	8-16	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
19209239-8	2009	Nicotine administration 2 h after ricin injection significantly delayed and reduced ricin-induced mortality, an effect coupled with reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and markers of kidney and liver dysfunction.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	156-183
19586232-0	2009	Serotonin transporter genotype and depressive symptoms moderate effects of nicotine on spatial working memory.	Nicotine	75-83	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
19145226-0	2009	Corticotropin-releasing factor within the central nucleus of the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens shell mediates the negative affective state of nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	147-155	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-30
19145226-2	2009	Previous research has shown that an increased central release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) at least partly mediates the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	180-188	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	65-95
19594327-0	2009	The expression of CYP2D22, an ortholog of human CYP2D6, in mouse striatum and its modulation in 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson"s disease phenotype and nicotine-mediated neuroprotection.	Nicotine	183-191	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	48-54
19103434-6	2009	RESULTS: Rats receiving nicotine via self-administration or minipumps displayed somatic signs of withdrawal, but only nicotine self-administering rats showed decreased xCT expression in the nucleus accumbens and VTA and decreased GLT-1 expression in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	118-126	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	230-235
19270530-8	2009	On the other hand, nicotine (nAChR agonist) enhanced the autophagic process and also inhibited cell death following Abeta application.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
19270530-8	2009	On the other hand, nicotine (nAChR agonist) enhanced the autophagic process and also inhibited cell death following Abeta application.	Nicotine	19-27	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	116-121
19270530-9	2009	In addition, nicotine but not alpha-BTX increased primary hippocampal neuronal survival following Abeta treatment.	Nicotine	13-21	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	98-103
19270530-11	2009	Confocal double-staining imaging shows that nicotine treatment in the presence of Abeta enhanced the colocalization of alpha7nAChR with autophagosomes.	Nicotine	44-52	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	82-87
18845019-0	2009	Nicotine modulates expression of miR-140*, which targets the 3"-untranslated region of dynamin 1 gene (Dnm1).	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
18845019-5	2009	Specifically, we demonstrated that nicotine increases expression of miR-140*, coordinated with the nicotine-augmented expression of its host gene WWP2.	Nicotine	35-43	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	68-75
18845019-5	2009	Specifically, we demonstrated that nicotine increases expression of miR-140*, coordinated with the nicotine-augmented expression of its host gene WWP2.	Nicotine	99-107	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	68-75
19237585-10	2009	Fluorescence-based investigations of nAChR subunit stoichiometry may provide efficient drug discovery methods for nicotine addiction or for other disorders that result from dysregulated nAChRs.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
18996504-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Evidence has recently accumulated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genetic region encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha-5, alpha-3, and beta-4 are associated with smoking and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	221-229	adaptor related protein complex 4 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	182-188
19236104-8	2009	Agonists such as acetylcholine, nicotine, which are used in a diverse array of biological activities, such as enhancements of cognitive performances, were also docked with the theoretical model of human alpha(7)nAChR.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	211-216
19144785-8	2009	Next, we investigated the consequence of long-term nicotine exposure via the drinking water on nAChR-modulated responsiveness.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
19144785-11	2009	They also show that long-term nicotine treatment selectively modifies nAChR-modulated release in distinct striatal subregions.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
19171179-0	2009	In inflammatory reactive astrocytes co-cultured with brain endothelial cells nicotine-evoked Ca(2+) transients are attenuated due to interleukin-1beta release and rearrangement of actin filaments.	Nicotine	77-85	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	133-150
19171179-9	2009	Incubation with both LPS and IL-1beta further attenuated nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response.	Nicotine	57-65	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	29-37
19171179-12	2009	These results indicate that there is a connection between a dysfunction of nicotine Ca(2+) signaling in inflammatory reactive astrocytes and upregulation of IL-1beta and the rearrangements of actin filaments in the cells.	Nicotine	75-83	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	157-165
19147120-0	2009	Nicotine stimulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA via NFkappaB activation in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	38-54
19147120-0	2009	Nicotine stimulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA via NFkappaB activation in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	64-72
19147120-2	2009	We investigated the involvement of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in the nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	94-102	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	53-75
19147120-2	2009	We investigated the involvement of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in the nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	94-102	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	77-85
19147120-2	2009	We investigated the involvement of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in the nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	94-102	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	125-141
19147120-2	2009	We investigated the involvement of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in the nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	94-102	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
19147120-3	2009	Nicotine-stimulated release of prostaglandin E(2) and expression of COX-2 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
19147120-4	2009	The nicotine-stimulated release of prostaglandin E(2) and expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein were inhibited by an NFkappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), by approximately 50%.	Nicotine	4-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
19147120-4	2009	The nicotine-stimulated release of prostaglandin E(2) and expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein were inhibited by an NFkappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), by approximately 50%.	Nicotine	4-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	116-124
19147120-5	2009	Nicotine stimulation of IkappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NFkappaB degradation, was also characterized by Western blotting.	Nicotine	0-8	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-36
19147120-5	2009	Nicotine stimulation of IkappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NFkappaB degradation, was also characterized by Western blotting.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	54-62
19147120-8	2009	These results suggest that nicotine is taken up by human gingival fibroblasts and that it then stimulates COX-2 expression via the activation of NFkappaB and the subsequent release of prostaglandin E(2).	Nicotine	27-35	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
19147120-8	2009	These results suggest that nicotine is taken up by human gingival fibroblasts and that it then stimulates COX-2 expression via the activation of NFkappaB and the subsequent release of prostaglandin E(2).	Nicotine	27-35	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	145-153
19252272-1	2009	Here we reviewed our recent work on the chronic effects of nicotine on the Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) gene and protein expressions in various organs of rats treated with nicotine in the drinking water for 4-12 weeks.	Nicotine	59-67	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	75-94
19252272-1	2009	Here we reviewed our recent work on the chronic effects of nicotine on the Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) gene and protein expressions in various organs of rats treated with nicotine in the drinking water for 4-12 weeks.	Nicotine	59-67	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
19252272-1	2009	Here we reviewed our recent work on the chronic effects of nicotine on the Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) gene and protein expressions in various organs of rats treated with nicotine in the drinking water for 4-12 weeks.	Nicotine	169-177	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	75-94
19252272-1	2009	Here we reviewed our recent work on the chronic effects of nicotine on the Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) gene and protein expressions in various organs of rats treated with nicotine in the drinking water for 4-12 weeks.	Nicotine	169-177	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
19252272-3	2009	However, NCX1 protein was up-regulated by nicotine in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but was down-regulated in the heart.	Nicotine	42-50	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
19252272-5	2009	We suggest that although mRNA change was insignificant, NCX protein expression was altered by chronic nicotine administration in brain and heart in rats.	Nicotine	102-110	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
19252273-4	2009	Nicotine-induced protection was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and an Src inhibitor.	Nicotine	0-8	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	73-102
19252273-5	2009	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	85-93	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
19252273-5	2009	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	85-93	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
18331557-0	2009	Expression of phosphorylated Akt in oral carcinogenesis and its induction by nicotine and alkaline stimulation.	Nicotine	77-85	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
19349313-13	2009	The severity of nicotine addiction was associated with the strength of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)-striatal circuits, which were not modified by nicotine patch administration.	Nicotine	16-24	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	105-109
19349313-15	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Resting-state dACC-striatum functional connectivity may serve as a circuit-level biomarker for nicotine addiction, and the development of new therapeutic agents aiming to enhance the dACC-striatum functional pathways may be effective for nicotine addiction treatment.	Nicotine	108-116	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	27-31
19349313-15	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Resting-state dACC-striatum functional connectivity may serve as a circuit-level biomarker for nicotine addiction, and the development of new therapeutic agents aiming to enhance the dACC-striatum functional pathways may be effective for nicotine addiction treatment.	Nicotine	251-259	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	27-31
18925431-0	2009	Nicotine-induced Ca2+-myristoyl switch of neuronal Ca2+ sensor VILIP-1 in hippocampal neurons: a possible crosstalk mechanism for nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	visinin like 1	Homo sapiens	63-70
18925431-3	2009	Nicotine stimulation of nicotinic receptors has been reported to lead to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Ca2+-permeable nAChRs, which in turn might lead to activation of VILIP-1, by a mechanism described as the Ca2+-myristoyl switch.	Nicotine	0-8	visinin like 1	Homo sapiens	189-196
18925431-5	2009	In order to test this hypothesis we have investigated whether a nicotine-induced and reversible Ca2+-myristoyl switch of VILIP-1 exists in primary hippocampal neurons and whether pharmacological agents, such as antagonist specific for distinct nAChRs, can interfere with the Ca2+-dependent membrane localization of VILIP-1.	Nicotine	64-72	visinin like 1	Homo sapiens	121-128
18925431-5	2009	In order to test this hypothesis we have investigated whether a nicotine-induced and reversible Ca2+-myristoyl switch of VILIP-1 exists in primary hippocampal neurons and whether pharmacological agents, such as antagonist specific for distinct nAChRs, can interfere with the Ca2+-dependent membrane localization of VILIP-1.	Nicotine	64-72	visinin like 1	Homo sapiens	315-322
19048619-8	2009	Since tobacco smoking is established as a risk factor in cervical carcinogenesis, and since nicotine and its derivatives become concentrated in cervical mucus, nAChR-dependent signaling is apparently an important molecular cofactor of human papillomavirus-dependent cervical carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
19247191-0	2009	Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on nicotine-induced VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Nicotine	32-40	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	49-55
19247191-3	2009	However, it is unknown how ghrelin regulates nicotine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression.	Nicotine	45-53	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	62-95
19247191-3	2009	However, it is unknown how ghrelin regulates nicotine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression.	Nicotine	45-53	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	97-103
19247191-4	2009	We examined nicotine-induced VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells pretreated with ghrelin and detected the activity of protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB.	Nicotine	12-20	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	29-35
19247191-4	2009	We examined nicotine-induced VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells pretreated with ghrelin and detected the activity of protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB.	Nicotine	12-20	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	219-245
19247191-5	2009	Our study showed that ghrelin inhibited nicotine-induced VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent way.	Nicotine	40-48	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	57-63
19247191-6	2009	We also found that ghrelin inhibited nicotine-induced PKC, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB activation.	Nicotine	37-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	59-62
19247191-7	2009	The results suggest that ghrelin inhibits nicotine-induced VCAM-1 expression, and PKC, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB play active roles in that process.	Nicotine	42-50	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	59-65
18855939-0	2009	Nicotine attenuates iNOS expression and contributes to neuroprotection in a compressive model of spinal cord injury.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
18855939-4	2009	Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the administration of nicotine can influence expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and/or neuronal NOS (nNOS) in injured spinal cords.	Nicotine	86-94	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-136
18855939-4	2009	Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the administration of nicotine can influence expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and/or neuronal NOS (nNOS) in injured spinal cords.	Nicotine	86-94	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
19111588-1	2009	We have earlier reported that Abeta were significantly reduced in brains of smoking Alzheimer patients and control subjects compared with non-smokers, as well as in nicotine treated APPsw transgenic mice.	Nicotine	165-173	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	30-35
19111588-3	2009	Treatment with nicotine increased release of sAPPalpha and at the same time lowered Abeta levels in both SH-SY5Y and SH-SY5Y/APPsw cells expressing alpha3 and alpha7 nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	15-23	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	84-89
19246430-0	2009	Nitric oxide synthase-dependent responses of the basilar artery during acute infusion of nicotine.	Nicotine	89-97	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
19246430-1	2009	INTRODUCTION: Our goals were to determine whether acute exposure to nicotine alters nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent responses of the basilar artery and to identify a potential role for activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in nicotine-induced impairment in NOS-dependent responses of the basilar artery.	Nicotine	68-76	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	84-105
19307444-5	2009	RESULTS: We found evidence that genetic variation at CHRNA1, CHRNA2, CHRNA7, and CHRNB1 alters susceptibility to nicotine dependence, but we did not replicate any of the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism associations from the NICSNP high-density association study.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-67
19293145-6	2009	Abeta peptides and nicotine differentially activate several intracellular signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog pathway, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and JAK-2/STAT-3 pathways.	Nicotine	19-27	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	277-283
18931833-2	2009	Nicotine administration also alters ERPs in mice by increasing the amplitude and gating of the P20 ERP component while decreasing the amplitude of the N40 ERP component.	Nicotine	0-8	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	95-98
18931833-8	2009	Nicotine increased P20 amplitude and enhanced gating in wild-type and beta2 knockout mice, but only decreased N40 amplitude in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	0-8	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	19-22
19063868-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the effects of inhibiting the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2 pro-survival cascade on the nicotine-induced production of the survival factor Bcl-2 and the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5.	Nicotine	107-115	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	158-163
19063868-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the effects of inhibiting the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2 pro-survival cascade on the nicotine-induced production of the survival factor Bcl-2 and the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5.	Nicotine	107-115	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Rattus norvegicus	237-242
19063868-4	2009	We report that nicotine induced the production of Bcl-2 and increased the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, and STAT3, and with the exception of AP-1, the other transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT1, and STAT3) were significantly reduced by JAK2 inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
19063868-5	2009	We also demonstrate that, via transfection of either Bcl-2 antisense or NF-kappaB, STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factor decoys oligodeoxyribonucleotides into PC12 cells, nicotine induces its neuroprotection in PC12 cells via activation of the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2-(NF-kappaB; STAT3)-Bcl-2 pro-survival pathway.	Nicotine	170-178	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
19063868-6	2009	Finally, the neuroprotective nicotine-induced production of Bcl-2 appears to fully counteract the Abeta (1-42)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells by blocking Abeta (1-42)-induced mitochondrial release of cytosolic cytochrome C.	Nicotine	29-37	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
18986645-7	2009	RESULTS: The addition of nicotine and/or LPS to the culture medium increased the expression of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and tissue-type PA (tPA); decreased the expression of TIMP-1, -3, and -4; and did not affect expression of TIMP-2 or PAI-1.	Nicotine	25-33	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	167-185
18818999-1	2009	Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is believed to play a critical role in its nicotine-induced desensitization and up-regulation.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-55
18818999-1	2009	Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is believed to play a critical role in its nicotine-induced desensitization and up-regulation.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
18442069-0	2009	Growth retardation of fetal rats exposed to nicotine in utero: possible involvement of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
18442069-1	2009	To elucidate the possible metabolic mechanism of intrauterine growth retardation induced by nicotine, this study determines the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on fetal development and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in maternal liver and placenta.	Nicotine	148-156	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-226
18442069-4	2009	The activities of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in maternal liver microsomes in nicotine-treated groups increased significantly with progressing gestation when compared with the corresponding control, but returned to the level similar to the control in late pregnancy.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
18442069-6	2009	The gene expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in the placenta increased significantly in nicotine-treated groups on GD 15 and GD 18, but returned to the level similar to the corresponding control on GD 21.	Nicotine	85-93	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
18442069-11	2009	The induction of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 gene expression by nicotine in the maternal liver and placenta may be involved with the observed increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
19155522-4	2009	In the CNS, nicotine exposure selectively reduces numbers of CD11c(+) dendritic and CD11b(+) infiltrating monocytes and resident microglial cells and down-regulates the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 molecules on these cells.	Nicotine	12-20	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	84-89
19155522-4	2009	In the CNS, nicotine exposure selectively reduces numbers of CD11c(+) dendritic and CD11b(+) infiltrating monocytes and resident microglial cells and down-regulates the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 molecules on these cells.	Nicotine	12-20	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	197-201
19155522-4	2009	In the CNS, nicotine exposure selectively reduces numbers of CD11c(+) dendritic and CD11b(+) infiltrating monocytes and resident microglial cells and down-regulates the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 molecules on these cells.	Nicotine	12-20	CD86 antigen	Mus musculus	207-211
18331557-4	2009	Western blotting was used to detect time-dependent induction of p-Akt by 100 microM nicotine in normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE), normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK), immortalized human epithelial cells (HaCaT) and OEC-M1 cells, dose-dependent induction of p-Akt in OEC-M1 and HaCaT cells and pH effect of p-Akt in OEC-M1.	Nicotine	84-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
18331557-4	2009	Western blotting was used to detect time-dependent induction of p-Akt by 100 microM nicotine in normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE), normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK), immortalized human epithelial cells (HaCaT) and OEC-M1 cells, dose-dependent induction of p-Akt in OEC-M1 and HaCaT cells and pH effect of p-Akt in OEC-M1.	Nicotine	84-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	275-278
18331557-4	2009	Western blotting was used to detect time-dependent induction of p-Akt by 100 microM nicotine in normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE), normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK), immortalized human epithelial cells (HaCaT) and OEC-M1 cells, dose-dependent induction of p-Akt in OEC-M1 and HaCaT cells and pH effect of p-Akt in OEC-M1.	Nicotine	84-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	275-278
18803299-8	2009	We found that DA neuroprotective effects of nicotine were inhibited by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBuTx), and/or PI3K-Akt/PKB (protein serine/threonine kinase B) inhibitors, demonstrating that rotenone-toxicity on DA neurons are inhibited via activation of alpha4beta2 or alpha7 nAChRs-PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway or pathways.	Nicotine	44-52	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	147-159
18331557-7	2009	A time-dependent increase in p-Akt in the NHBE, NHOK, HaCaT and OEC-M1 cell lines was observed with 100 microM nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	111-119	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
18331557-8	2009	The dose-dependent increase in p-Akt by nicotine treatment in HaCaT and OEC-M1 cells was obviously observed.	Nicotine	40-48	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
18331557-10	2009	CONCLUSION: A potential role for increased p-Akt may relate to the dose and time of nicotine use.	Nicotine	84-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
18803299-8	2009	We found that DA neuroprotective effects of nicotine were inhibited by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBuTx), and/or PI3K-Akt/PKB (protein serine/threonine kinase B) inhibitors, demonstrating that rotenone-toxicity on DA neurons are inhibited via activation of alpha4beta2 or alpha7 nAChRs-PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway or pathways.	Nicotine	44-52	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	156-159
19182447-4	2009	Furthermore, the ameliorating effect of nicotine is antagonized by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
18973546-12	2009	RESULTS: Compared with saline/saline-treated control rats, saline/nicotine-treated rats developed significantly more periodontal bone loss, and LPS provoked a significantly smaller increase in circulating levels of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor 1beta (TGF-1beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).	Nicotine	66-74	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	259-268
18973546-13	2009	Mecamylamine pretreatment of nicotine-treated rats abrogated the increased periodontal bone loss and the LPS-induced TNF-alpha decrease, but had no significant effects on the levels of TGF-1beta and IL-10, or the stress hormone corticosterone.	Nicotine	29-37	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
19063970-1	2009	The neuronal Ca2+-sensor protein VILIP-1, known to affect clathrin-dependent receptor trafficking, has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic loop of the alpha4-subunit of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which is the most abundant nAChR subtype with high-affinity for nicotine in the brain.	Nicotine	299-307	visinin like 1	Homo sapiens	33-40
19063970-1	2009	The neuronal Ca2+-sensor protein VILIP-1, known to affect clathrin-dependent receptor trafficking, has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic loop of the alpha4-subunit of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which is the most abundant nAChR subtype with high-affinity for nicotine in the brain.	Nicotine	299-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	227-232
19063970-1	2009	The neuronal Ca2+-sensor protein VILIP-1, known to affect clathrin-dependent receptor trafficking, has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic loop of the alpha4-subunit of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which is the most abundant nAChR subtype with high-affinity for nicotine in the brain.	Nicotine	299-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	262-267
19063970-2	2009	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is crucial for nicotine addiction and the beneficial effects of nicotine on cognition.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
19063970-2	2009	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is crucial for nicotine addiction and the beneficial effects of nicotine on cognition.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
19063881-0	2009	Long-term treatment with nicotine suppresses neurotoxicity of, and microglial activation by, thrombin in cortico-striatal slice cultures.	Nicotine	25-33	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	93-101
18786574-5	2009	Here, we tested if nicotine enhanced the activity of citalopram or reboxetine in the mouse forced swim test (mFST) and the mouse tail suspension test (mTST).	Nicotine	19-27	thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	151-155
18786574-10	2009	Similarly, nicotine (1.0mg/kg) enhanced the effect of 3 and 10mg/kg citalopram and 3 and 10mg/kg reboxetine in the mTST.	Nicotine	11-19	thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	115-119
19063881-3	2009	Long-term (15 days), but not short-term (up to 144 h), treatment with nicotine (3-30 microM) partially prevented thrombin-induced neuron loss in the cortical region and tissue shrinkage in the striatal region.	Nicotine	70-78	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	113-121
19063881-4	2009	In addition, long-term treatment with nicotine suppressed thrombin-induced increase in microglia in a concentration-dependent manner, which was accompanied by suppression of morphological changes of microglia into their activated form.	Nicotine	38-46	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	58-66
19116908-8	2009	Moreover, oral nicotine inhibited bone degradation and reduced TNFalpha expression in synovial tissue.	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	63-71
18849602-7	2009	RESULTS: Anti-Thy1 antibody administration resulted in a significant increase in the number of cells per glomerulus that was further increased by the administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	168-176	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
18849602-9	2009	In cultured human mesangial cells we also demonstrated that nicotine increases COX-2 expression and activity and that COX-2 mediates mesangial cell proliferation in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	60-68	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	79-84
18849602-9	2009	In cultured human mesangial cells we also demonstrated that nicotine increases COX-2 expression and activity and that COX-2 mediates mesangial cell proliferation in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	177-185	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	118-123
19158539-8	2009	In addition, in patients with FM, IL-8 serum level correlated with nicotine consumption (r=0.471, P=0.042).	Nicotine	67-75	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	34-38
19519907-10	2009	Nicotine also showed a direct anti-inflammatory effect diminishing IL-6 production by stimulated splenocytes in vitro (P < 0.001).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	67-71
18260147-5	2009	By contrast, exposure to nicotine did not affect cell proliferation of Saos-2 cells at levels up to 0.2 mg mL(-1), and caused only a small positive effect in ALP activity in the presence of 0.05 and 0.1 mg mL(-1); however, matrix mineralization by Saos-2 cells also occurred earlier in the cultures exposed to levels of nicotine up to 0.1 mg mL(-1).	Nicotine	25-33	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	158-161
19499400-0	2009	Nicotine-reduced endothelial progenitor cell senescence through augmentation of telomerase activity via the PI3K/Akt pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
19499400-11	2009	Nicotine significantly increased telomerase activity and phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
19499400-13	2009	In addition, mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), abrogated the effects of nicotine on EPC.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-90
19499400-13	2009	In addition, mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), abrogated the effects of nicotine on EPC.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
19499400-14	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that nicotine delays the onset of EPC senescence, which might be related to activation of telomerase through the PI3K/Akt pathway.	Nicotine	60-68	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	173-176
19499400-15	2009	In addition, the effects of nicotine might be specifically mediated by nAchR activation.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
19793020-1	2009	The nicotine metabolism of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*1A,*1B, and *1C), and the cholecystokinin (CCK; which modulates the release of dopamine) and CCK-A receptor gene and personality traits for NEO-FFI, was investigated for the mechanism for elucidation of the smoking behavior in Japanese populations.	Nicotine	4-12	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	85-88
19077124-7	2009	Chronic nicotine enhancement of LTP was found to be dependent on PKA, ERK and Src kinases.	Nicotine	8-16	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
18844224-11	2009	The proinvasive effects of nicotine were mediated via a nAChR, Src and calcium-dependent signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
18844224-11	2009	The proinvasive effects of nicotine were mediated via a nAChR, Src and calcium-dependent signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	27-35	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	63-66
18844224-13	2009	Most importantly, nicotine could induce changes in gene expression consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by reduction of epithelial markers like E-cadherin expression, ZO-1 staining and concomitant increase in levels of mesenchymal proteins like vimentin and fibronectin in human breast and lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	18-26	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	181-191
18844224-13	2009	Most importantly, nicotine could induce changes in gene expression consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by reduction of epithelial markers like E-cadherin expression, ZO-1 staining and concomitant increase in levels of mesenchymal proteins like vimentin and fibronectin in human breast and lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	18-26	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	204-208
18844224-13	2009	Most importantly, nicotine could induce changes in gene expression consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by reduction of epithelial markers like E-cadherin expression, ZO-1 staining and concomitant increase in levels of mesenchymal proteins like vimentin and fibronectin in human breast and lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	18-26	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	295-306
19436947-9	2009	The inhibition of these effects by D: -tubocurarine suggests that nicotine acts via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-120
19436947-9	2009	The inhibition of these effects by D: -tubocurarine suggests that nicotine acts via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
19082523-0	2009	Differentiating nicotine- versus schizophrenia-associated decreases of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor transcript, CHRFAM7A, in peripheral blood lymphocytes.	Nicotine	16-24	CHRNA7 (exons 5-10) and FAM7A (exons A-E) fusion	Homo sapiens	127-135
19082523-8	2009	Including biochemical indicators of serum nicotine can help differentiate smoking- versus disease-associated changes in nAChR expression.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
19139119-7	2009	Rosiglitazone was also found to stimulate p53, a tumor suppressor known to mediate some of the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	106-114	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	42-45
18418357-7	2009	In addition, nicotine self-administration upregulated NMDA receptor subunit expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), suggesting important interactions between nicotine and the NMDA receptor.	Nicotine	13-21	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	127-130
19126755-3	2009	With the advancement of functional and genetic studies in the late 1980s, the existence of nAChRs in the mammalian brain was confirmed and the realization that the numerous nAChR subtypes contribute to the psychoactive properties of nicotine and other drugs of abuse and to the neuropathology of various diseases, including Alzheimer"s, Parkinson"s, and schizophrenia, has since emerged.	Nicotine	233-241	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
19396697-4	2009	The objective of the present study was to investigate the interaction between a variation in the 5-HTTLPR and family environment in relation to smoking habits, nicotine dependence, and nicotine and cotinine levels in hair samples.	Nicotine	160-168	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	97-105
19396697-4	2009	The objective of the present study was to investigate the interaction between a variation in the 5-HTTLPR and family environment in relation to smoking habits, nicotine dependence, and nicotine and cotinine levels in hair samples.	Nicotine	185-193	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	97-105
19396697-6	2009	The 5-HTTLPR gene interacted with a poor family environment to predict smoking habits, as well as nicotine and cotinine levels.	Nicotine	98-106	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-12
18519132-0	2008	A risk allele for nicotine dependence in CHRNA5 is a protective allele for cocaine dependence.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-47
18519132-1	2008	BACKGROUND: A nonsynonymous coding polymorphism, rs16969968, of the CHRNA5 gene that encodes the alpha-5 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been found to be associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	198-206	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-74
18519132-1	2008	BACKGROUND: A nonsynonymous coding polymorphism, rs16969968, of the CHRNA5 gene that encodes the alpha-5 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been found to be associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	198-206	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
18519132-4	2008	RESULTS: In the FSCD, there was a significant association between the CHRNA5 variant and cocaine dependence (odds ratio = .67 per allele, p = .0045, assuming an additive genetic model), but in the reverse direction compared with that previously observed for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	258-266	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-76
18534558-0	2008	Gene-gene interactions among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-35
18805435-0	2008	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human gastric cancer cells: Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	67-83
18805435-0	2008	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human gastric cancer cells: Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-171
18805435-0	2008	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human gastric cancer cells: Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
18805435-4	2008	We found that nicotine and NNK significantly enhanced cell proliferation in AGS cells that expressed both alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-145
18805435-4	2008	We found that nicotine and NNK significantly enhanced cell proliferation in AGS cells that expressed both alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
18805435-6	2008	Moreover, in contrast to the dependence of growth promoting effect of nicotine on Erk activation, inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) repressed NNK-induced COX-2 upregulation and resulted in suppression of cell growth.	Nicotine	70-78	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
18805435-7	2008	In addition, nicotine and NNK mediated COX-2 induction via different receptors to modulate several G1/S transition regulatory proteins and promote gastric cancer cell growth.	Nicotine	13-21	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
18805435-8	2008	Selective COX-2 inhibitor (SC-236) caused G1 arrest and abrogated nicotine/NNK-induced cell proliferation.	Nicotine	66-74	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
18957677-0	2008	The CHRNA5-A3 region on chromosome 15q24-25.1 is a risk factor both for nicotine dependence and for lung cancer.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
18571741-9	2008	This review will examine the genetic factors that alter susceptibility to nicotine addiction, with an emphasis on the genes that encode nAChR proteins.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
18851914-1	2008	A series of tetrakis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts was synthesized to identify compounds with higher affinity and selectivity as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes (nAChR) that mediate nicotine-evoked DA release.	Nicotine	210-218	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
19128201-4	2008	In this review, we will discuss the nAChR subtypes, their function in response to endogenous brain transmitters, and how their functions are regulated in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
19046379-0	2008	The dendritically targeted protein Dendrin is induced by acute nicotine in cortical regions of adolescent rat brain.	Nicotine	63-71	dendrin	Rattus norvegicus	35-42
19046379-3	2008	We report here that acute nicotine (0.4 mg/kg), but not cocaine or exposure to a novel environment, induces the expression of the dendritically targeted, corticolimbic mRNA Dendrin in specific regions of adolescent brain.	Nicotine	26-34	dendrin	Rattus norvegicus	173-180
19046379-4	2008	Acute nicotine resulted in an increase in Dendrin mRNA levels in the adolescent prefrontal cortex that was not evident in adult animals.	Nicotine	6-14	dendrin	Rattus norvegicus	42-49
19046379-6	2008	For example, an increase in Dendrin protein levels following nicotine treatment paralleled enhanced Dendrin immunoreactivity in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons of somatosensory cortex.	Nicotine	61-69	dendrin	Rattus norvegicus	28-35
19046379-6	2008	For example, an increase in Dendrin protein levels following nicotine treatment paralleled enhanced Dendrin immunoreactivity in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons of somatosensory cortex.	Nicotine	61-69	dendrin	Rattus norvegicus	100-107
19046379-7	2008	As Dendrin is an important component of cytoskeletal modifications at the synapse, these results suggest that nicotine influences unique plasticity-related changes in the adolescent forebrain that differ from the adult.	Nicotine	110-118	dendrin	Rattus norvegicus	3-10
18618634-8	2008	In all groups, nicotine reduced LPS- and PHA (0.5 microg/mL)-stimulated production of IL1beta, IL10, TGFbeta, and TNFalpha (P < 0.001).	Nicotine	15-23	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	86-93
18618634-8	2008	In all groups, nicotine reduced LPS- and PHA (0.5 microg/mL)-stimulated production of IL1beta, IL10, TGFbeta, and TNFalpha (P < 0.001).	Nicotine	15-23	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-108
18618634-8	2008	In all groups, nicotine reduced LPS- and PHA (0.5 microg/mL)-stimulated production of IL1beta, IL10, TGFbeta, and TNFalpha (P < 0.001).	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	114-122
18626793-7	2008	Nicotine also exhibited the neuroprotective effect, which was significantly attenuated by Max.d.4 (PAC1-R specific antagonist).	Nicotine	0-8	ADCYAP receptor type I	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
18418357-9	2009	Finally, infusion of LY235959 (0.1-10 ng per side) into the CeA or VTA decreased nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	81-89	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	60-63
18418357-10	2009	Taken together, these data suggest that NMDA receptors, including those in the CeA and VTA, gate the magnitude and valence of the effects of nicotine on brain reward systems, thereby regulating motivation to consume the drug.	Nicotine	141-149	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	79-82
18728932-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine users in Group 1 had significantly higher s-Cys than non-users (7.5+/-0.9 mg/L compared to 6.7+/-0.8; p = 0.0008), which may be a factor to include in the eGFR formulae.	Nicotine	13-21	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	177-181
19064933-5	2008	Genetic association studies indicate that a genetic locus, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, plays a role in nicotine consumption and dependence.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-84
18950690-0	2008	Activation of orexin/hypocretin projections to basal forebrain and paraventricular thalamus by acute nicotine.	Nicotine	101-109	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
18950690-2	2008	It has been shown that orexin neurons are activated by systemic nicotine administration suggesting a possible orexinergic contribution to the effects of this drug on arousal and cognitive function.	Nicotine	64-72	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
18950690-4	2008	However, it is unknown whether orexin inputs to these areas are activated by psychostimulant drugs such as nicotine.	Nicotine	107-115	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
18950690-8	2008	Nicotine increased Fos expression in orexin neurons projecting to both basal forebrain and PVT.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	37-43
18950690-10	2008	Our findings suggest that orexin inputs to the basal forebrain and PVT may contribute to nicotine effects on arousal and cognition and provide further support for the existence of functional heterogeneity across the medial-lateral distribution of orexin neurons.	Nicotine	89-97	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
19040571-13	2008	Proliferation effects of nicotine could be blocked by inhibition of alpha7-nAChR by the high affinity ligand alpha-cobratoxin.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
18776044-5	2008	TgR mice behaved as more anxious than controls, an effect normalized by long-term nicotine intake.	Nicotine	82-90	thioredoxin reductase 3	Mus musculus	0-3
18776044-7	2008	In TgR transgenics, long-term nicotine increased epibatidine binding in some areas but not in the hippocampus or the striatum.	Nicotine	30-38	thioredoxin reductase 3	Mus musculus	3-6
18776044-11	2008	In summary, we found that nicotine acts as an anxiolytic in TgR mice but not in control mice and that continuously overexpressed AChE-R regulates striatal gene expression, modulating cholinergic signaling and stress-related pathways.	Nicotine	26-34	thioredoxin reductase 3	Mus musculus	60-63
18679163-0	2008	Prenatal exposure to nicotine affects substance p and preprotachykinin-A mRNA levels in newborn rat.	Nicotine	21-29	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	38-49
18679163-4	2008	We, therefore, studied the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on the levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity by RIA in the brain in newborn rat pups.	Nicotine	46-54	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	81-92
18679163-6	2008	We found that prenatal nicotine exposure increased levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the brainstem without changing levels in other parts of the brain or in the adrenals.	Nicotine	23-31	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	61-72
18679163-8	2008	We conclude that nicotine causes alterations in the substance P-ergic system in the brainstem, possibly linked to the increased risk for SIDS after prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	17-25	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
18679163-8	2008	We conclude that nicotine causes alterations in the substance P-ergic system in the brainstem, possibly linked to the increased risk for SIDS after prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	157-165	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
19017736-6	2008	Being stimulated by nicotine, neutrophils generate reactive oxygen species and release prooxidant enzymes like myeloperoxidase, which are capable of entering the vessel wall independently.	Nicotine	20-28	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	111-126
19032090-1	2008	Agonists and antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are used to treat nicotine addiction, neuromuscular disorders, and neurological diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-64
19032090-1	2008	Agonists and antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are used to treat nicotine addiction, neuromuscular disorders, and neurological diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
18418357-7	2009	In addition, nicotine self-administration upregulated NMDA receptor subunit expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), suggesting important interactions between nicotine and the NMDA receptor.	Nicotine	208-216	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	127-130
18587146-4	2008	In consideration of the high correlation between LECT and LECN (Y(tar) = 12.53 X(nicotine) -7.23, r = 0.995, P < 0.0001), these results suggest that levels of exposure to cigarette tar or nicotine (mg/day) would be a sensitive parameter in appreciation of genotoxicity of cigarette smoking in these male Japanese smokers.	Nicotine	81-89	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	49-53
18852456-3	2008	Nicotine (4.5-22 micromol/kg s.c., 4 injections during the 12-h light cycle for 4 days) decreases DNMT1 mRNA and protein and increases GAD(67) expression in the mouse frontal cortex (FC).	Nicotine	0-8	DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1	Mus musculus	98-103
18852456-7	2008	Pretreatment with mecamylamine (6 micromol/kg s.c.), an nAChR blocker that penetrates the blood-brain barrier, prevents the nicotine-induced decrease of FC DNMT1 expression.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
18922921-7	2008	Importantly, on nicotine treatment, the mobility of MCF10A and MCF7 cells is enhanced, which can be blocked by the addition of nAChR or PKC inhibitor.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
18501975-2	2008	It has been shown that the acute doses of nicotine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) significantly decreased the time of transfer latency (TL2) on the retention trial, indicating that nicotine improved memory processes.	Nicotine	42-50	brachyury, T-box transcription factor T	Mus musculus	125-128
18501975-2	2008	It has been shown that the acute doses of nicotine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) significantly decreased the time of transfer latency (TL2) on the retention trial, indicating that nicotine improved memory processes.	Nicotine	170-178	brachyury, T-box transcription factor T	Mus musculus	125-128
18823155-4	2008	Consistent with previously published data, acute nicotine resulted in increased gating of the P20 but a decrease in that of N40.	Nicotine	49-57	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	94-97
18823155-5	2008	Nicotine also resulted in a lengthening of P20 latency but a decrease in that of N40 and P80.	Nicotine	0-8	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	43-46
18723372-3	2008	LPS-induced NO synthesis and iNOS expression were significantly decreased by nicotine.	Nicotine	77-85	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	29-33
18723372-4	2008	To investigate the signaling mechanism of nicotine induced suppression of NO synthesis and iNOS expression induced by LPS, we focused on the possible roles of p42/44 MAPK, S6K1, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling.	Nicotine	42-50	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	91-95
18723372-4	2008	To investigate the signaling mechanism of nicotine induced suppression of NO synthesis and iNOS expression induced by LPS, we focused on the possible roles of p42/44 MAPK, S6K1, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling.	Nicotine	42-50	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	236-241
18723372-6	2008	Pretreatment of cells with nicotine blocked LPS-induced p42/44 MAPK and S6K1 as well as iNOS promoter activity.	Nicotine	27-35	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	88-92
18723372-7	2008	Furthermore, we found that LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at serine 727 is mediated by S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway, and this STAT3 phosphorylation was also blocked by nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	58-63
18723372-7	2008	Furthermore, we found that LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at serine 727 is mediated by S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway, and this STAT3 phosphorylation was also blocked by nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	128-133
18723372-9	2008	Taken together, our results suggest that nicotine inhibits LPS-induced NO synthesis through suppression of S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway and phosphorylation of STAT3 in Raw 264.7 cells.	Nicotine	41-49	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	155-160
18762859-2	2008	The majority of high affinity nicotine binding sites in the human brain have been implicated in heteropentameric alpha4 and beta2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; therefore, these two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors genes (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) are considered to be attractive candidate genes for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	257-263
20040957-10	2008	Nicotine, through stimulating alpha4beta2 nAChR, releases dopamine in the reward pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
20040957-11	2008	Partial agonist of alpha4beta2 nAChR elicits moderate and sustained release of dopamine, which is countered during the cessation attempts; it simultaneously blocks the effects of nicotine by binding with alpha4beta2 receptors during smoking.	Nicotine	179-187	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
18607650-1	2008	In recent years, it has become clear that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a valid target in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer"s disease, anxiety, and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	201-209	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
18607650-1	2008	In recent years, it has become clear that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a valid target in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer"s disease, anxiety, and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	201-209	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
18718366-1	2008	Nicotine is a major component of tobacco smoke, and signals via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
18783506-1	2008	AIMS: To extend the previously identified association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 (CHRNA5) and nicotine dependence to current smoking and initial smoking-experience phenotypes.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-151
18783506-1	2008	AIMS: To extend the previously identified association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 (CHRNA5) and nicotine dependence to current smoking and initial smoking-experience phenotypes.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-159
18519524-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: A recent study provisionally identified numerous genetic variants as risk factors for the transition from smoking to the development of nicotine dependence, including an amino acid change in the alpha5 nicotinic cholinergic receptor (CHRNA5).	Nicotine	147-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	245-251
18713928-5	2008	To demonstrate that nicotine reduced nociceptive input in this model, the lumbar spinal cords of a subgroup of these mice were stained for the phosphorylated form if CREB.	Nicotine	20-28	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	166-170
19065315-0	2008	Effect of nicotine and nicotine metabolites on angiotensin-converting enzyme in human endothelial cells.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	47-76
19065315-0	2008	Effect of nicotine and nicotine metabolites on angiotensin-converting enzyme in human endothelial cells.	Nicotine	23-31	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	47-76
19065315-7	2008	The results showed that nicotine and nicotine metabolites can increase both activity and expression of ACE.	Nicotine	24-32	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	103-106
19065315-7	2008	The results showed that nicotine and nicotine metabolites can increase both activity and expression of ACE.	Nicotine	37-45	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	103-106
18718366-6	2008	Interestingly, the messenger RNA expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1, bone sialoprotein, and ALP activity were significantly reduced in nicotine-treated HDPC.	Nicotine	152-160	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	109-112
18718366-8	2008	These results indicate that nicotine suppresses the cytodifferentiation and mineralization of HDPCs, possibly via nAChR.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
18567834-7	2008	MAEA (3 micromol/kg) produced an AM 251-insensitive inhibition (maximum again by 40%) of the nicotine-induced tachycardia.	Nicotine	93-101	macrophage erythroblast attacher, E3 ubiquitin ligase	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18567834-8	2008	Simultaneous or sequential coadministration of MLA and MAEA inhibited the nicotine-induced tachycardia to the same extent (maximally by 40%) as each of the drugs alone.	Nicotine	74-82	macrophage erythroblast attacher, E3 ubiquitin ligase	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
18559515-6	2008	Partially explaining the cholinergic up-regulation seen in SCC, incubation of the H520 SCC cell line with nicotine increased levels of ACh secretion, increased expression of nAChR, and, as measured by electrophysiologic recording, increased activity of the expressed nAChR.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
18669662-6	2008	Administration of nicotine, a pharmacological agonist of alpha7, attenuated TNF immunoreactivity in these specific macrophage subpopulations.	Nicotine	18-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-79
18567891-5	2008	MPO is the second enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway that supplies the pyrrolidine moiety of nicotine and nornicotine, but is predicted to be dispensable for the biosynthesis of anatabine, anabasine and anatalline, which do not contain the pyrrolidine moiety.	Nicotine	93-101	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-3
18567891-6	2008	When MPO was overexpressed in tobacco BY-2 cells, nicotine synthesis was dramatically enhanced while anatabine formation was effectively suppressed.	Nicotine	50-58	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	5-8
18567891-7	2008	As a complementary approach, we suppressed MPO expression by RNA interference in tobacco hairy roots that normally accumulate nicotine.	Nicotine	126-134	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	43-46
18567891-8	2008	In the MPO-suppressed roots, the contents of anatabine, anabasine and anatalline, as well as N-methylputrescine and putrescine, markedly increased to compensate for suppressed formation of nicotine and nornicotine.	Nicotine	189-197	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	7-10
18567891-9	2008	These results identify the transcriptional regulation of MPO as a critical rate-limiting step that restricts nicotine formation in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells.	Nicotine	109-117	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	57-60
18618000-0	2008	A candidate gene approach identifies the CHRNA5-A3-B4 region as a risk factor for age-dependent nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-47
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-83
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-83
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
18618000-5	2008	In the 2,827 long-term smokers examined, common susceptibility and protective haplotypes at the CHRNA5-A3-B4 locus were associated with nicotine dependence severity (p = 2.0x10(-5); odds ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval 1.39-2.39) in subjects who began daily smoking at or before the age of 16, an exposure period that results in a more severe form of adult nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-102
18618000-5	2008	In the 2,827 long-term smokers examined, common susceptibility and protective haplotypes at the CHRNA5-A3-B4 locus were associated with nicotine dependence severity (p = 2.0x10(-5); odds ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval 1.39-2.39) in subjects who began daily smoking at or before the age of 16, an exposure period that results in a more severe form of adult nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	363-371	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-102
18596163-1	2008	The alpha4beta2 subtype is the most abundant nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain and possesses the high-affinity binding site for nicotine.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
18596163-2	2008	The alpha4 and beta2 nAChR subunits assemble into two alternate stoichiometries, (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2), which differ in their functional properties and sensitivity to chronic exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
18635526-8	2008	Nicotine and NNK stimulated the Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in NHBE cells, leading to increased de novo synthesis of survivin protein.	Nicotine	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	67-71
18635526-11	2008	These findings suggest that NNK and nicotine induce survivin protein synthesis in NHBE cells by activating the Akt-mTOR pathway and thus blockade of the pathway effectively inhibits the tobacco-induced malignant transformation of HBE cells.	Nicotine	36-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	115-119
18778441-0	2008	Chronic effect of nicotine on serotonin transporter mRNA in the raphe nucleus of rats: reversal by co-administration of bupropion.	Nicotine	18-26	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-51
18778441-8	2008	RESULTS: Chronic nicotine infusion resulted in the reduction of 5HTT mRNA expression, which lasted through withdrawal day 2.	Nicotine	17-25	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
18778441-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic nicotine infusion reduces the synthesis of 5HTT protein, which may consequently precipitate depression during nicotine withdrawal, but co-administration of bupropion may ameliorate withdrawal symptoms by counteracting nicotine"s effect on 5HTT.	Nicotine	21-29	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
18778441-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic nicotine infusion reduces the synthesis of 5HTT protein, which may consequently precipitate depression during nicotine withdrawal, but co-administration of bupropion may ameliorate withdrawal symptoms by counteracting nicotine"s effect on 5HTT.	Nicotine	131-139	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
18778441-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic nicotine infusion reduces the synthesis of 5HTT protein, which may consequently precipitate depression during nicotine withdrawal, but co-administration of bupropion may ameliorate withdrawal symptoms by counteracting nicotine"s effect on 5HTT.	Nicotine	131-139	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
18448488-0	2008	Rapid activation of Stat3 and ERK1/2 by nicotine modulates cell proliferation in human bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	40-48	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	20-25
18448488-0	2008	Rapid activation of Stat3 and ERK1/2 by nicotine modulates cell proliferation in human bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	40-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	30-36
18448488-6	2008	We found that nicotine simultaneously activates Stat3 and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in T24 cells.	Nicotine	14-22	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	48-53
18448488-6	2008	We found that nicotine simultaneously activates Stat3 and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in T24 cells.	Nicotine	14-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-99
18448488-6	2008	We found that nicotine simultaneously activates Stat3 and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in T24 cells.	Nicotine	14-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
18448488-9	2008	We conclude that through nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors, nicotine activates ERK1/2 and Stat3 signaling pathways, leading to Cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
18448488-9	2008	We conclude that through nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors, nicotine activates ERK1/2 and Stat3 signaling pathways, leading to Cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	55-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	74-80
18448488-9	2008	We conclude that through nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors, nicotine activates ERK1/2 and Stat3 signaling pathways, leading to Cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	55-63	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	85-90
18606954-0	2008	Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene association with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	45-53	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
18606954-4	2008	OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the CNR1 gene is associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	72-80	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
18606954-14	2008	CONCLUSION: Variants and haplotypes in the CNR1 gene may alter the risk for nicotine dependence, and the associations are likely sex specific.	Nicotine	76-84	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
18559515-6	2008	Partially explaining the cholinergic up-regulation seen in SCC, incubation of the H520 SCC cell line with nicotine increased levels of ACh secretion, increased expression of nAChR, and, as measured by electrophysiologic recording, increased activity of the expressed nAChR.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	267-272
18455720-5	2008	In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidizing enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) on nicotine induced increases at cholinergic neurotransmission in rabbit gastric fundus.	Nicotine	144-152	catalase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-109
18455720-7	2008	Catalase (500 units/ml), enhanced the effect of nicotine but did not alter nicotine induced transient neurogenic contractions at the concentrations of 100 and 250 units/ml.	Nicotine	48-56	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
18455720-9	2008	In conclusion, at high concentration H2O2 (10(-4) M) inhibited nicotine"s transient ability to augment neurogenic contractions and catalase (500 units/ml) enhanced the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	63-71	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
18455720-9	2008	In conclusion, at high concentration H2O2 (10(-4) M) inhibited nicotine"s transient ability to augment neurogenic contractions and catalase (500 units/ml) enhanced the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	178-186	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
18422986-5	2008	Higher nicotine levels, 0.01-1 mg/ml, within those attained in saliva through tobacco use, caused evident dose-dependent effects in osteoblastic cell behaviour, i.e., a stimulatory effect in cell growth, ALP activity and matrix mineralization, at concentrations up to 0.2 mg/ml, and a deleterious effect at higher levels.	Nicotine	7-15	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	204-207
18340114-7	2008	Interestingly, exposure of c-Met mutant transgenic worms to nicotine resulted in enhanced abnormal vulval development, fecundity and locomotion.	Nicotine	60-68	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	27-32
18343235-6	2008	Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine significantly increased pancreatic GPx-1 and MnSOD protein expression, as well as islet ROS production.	Nicotine	31-39	glutathione peroxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
18765876-10	2008	Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the ovary tissue decreased significantly (P<0.001) by nicotine treatment in both dietary groups.	Nicotine	105-113	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
18535352-2	2008	Several reports have described decreasing nicotine levels by silencing the putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) genes, but the reported variations of nicotine levels among transgenic lines are relatively low in general.	Nicotine	42-50	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	75-105
18535352-2	2008	Several reports have described decreasing nicotine levels by silencing the putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) genes, but the reported variations of nicotine levels among transgenic lines are relatively low in general.	Nicotine	42-50	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	107-110
18535352-2	2008	Several reports have described decreasing nicotine levels by silencing the putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) genes, but the reported variations of nicotine levels among transgenic lines are relatively low in general.	Nicotine	150-158	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	107-110
18535352-5	2008	By suppressing expression of the PMT genes, over 200 transgenic lines were obtained with nicotine levels reduced by 9.1-96.7%.	Nicotine	89-97	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	33-36
18468678-0	2008	Effects of NPY and the specific Y1 receptor agonist [D-His(26)]-NPY on the deficit in brain reward function and somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	142-150	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
19492010-3	2008	Recent work from human genetics studies has provided evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) genes may have a role in mediating early behaviors that are risk factors for alcohol and nicotine dependence, such as age of initiation and early subjective responses to the drugs.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-109
19492010-3	2008	Recent work from human genetics studies has provided evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) genes may have a role in mediating early behaviors that are risk factors for alcohol and nicotine dependence, such as age of initiation and early subjective responses to the drugs.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
18203686-8	2008	In the mitochondrial pathway, there was a significant increase in the ratio of Bcl2/Bax, Bax translocation to the mitochondria, cytochrome c release to the cytosol, and the ratio of active/inactive caspase-3 in nicotine-exposed offspring relative to control animals.	Nicotine	211-219	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	198-207
18467676-6	2008	Nicotine (1 mg/kg) administration resulted in decreased vacuolation only in mediastinal periaortic and mediastinal perithymic BAT of males and elevated UCP-1 in mediastinal periaortic BAT of males and females.	Nicotine	0-8	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
18463499-1	2008	Intracerebroventricular injections of angiotensin II (ANG) and nicotine activate the subfornical organ (SFO), an essential central nucleus for ANG-induced drinking.	Nicotine	63-71	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	143-146
18468678-3	2008	The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the effects of NPY and the specific Y1 receptor agonist [D-His(26)]-NPY on the deficit in brain reward function and somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	200-208	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
18468678-3	2008	The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the effects of NPY and the specific Y1 receptor agonist [D-His(26)]-NPY on the deficit in brain reward function and somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	200-208	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
18468678-10	2008	NPY attenuated the overall somatic signs associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	70-78	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
18468678-12	2008	Both NPY and [D-His(26)]-NPY attenuated the overall somatic signs associated with spontaneous nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	94-102	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
18468678-12	2008	Both NPY and [D-His(26)]-NPY attenuated the overall somatic signs associated with spontaneous nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	94-102	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
18468678-13	2008	These findings indicate that NPY and [D-His(26)]-NPY attenuate somatic nicotine withdrawal signs, but do not prevent the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	71-79	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
18468678-13	2008	These findings indicate that NPY and [D-His(26)]-NPY attenuate somatic nicotine withdrawal signs, but do not prevent the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	71-79	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
18463499-6	2008	After intracerebroventricular injection of nicotine, the latency to drinking was dose-dependently shortened, but the drinking volumes were much smaller than those by ANG.	Nicotine	43-51	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	166-169
18205746-0	2008	Differential induction of heme oxygenase-1 against nicotine-induced cytotoxicity via the PI3K, MAPK, and NF-kappa B pathways in immortalized and malignant human oral keratinocytes.	Nicotine	51-59	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	105-115
18205746-7	2008	Molecular inhibitors of the ERK, p38 MAP kinase, PI3 K, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways blocked the cytotoxic effects and induction of HO-1 expression by nicotine.	Nicotine	155-163	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	33-36
18205746-7	2008	Molecular inhibitors of the ERK, p38 MAP kinase, PI3 K, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways blocked the cytotoxic effects and induction of HO-1 expression by nicotine.	Nicotine	155-163	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	60-69
18262213-0	2008	Recurrent exposure to nicotine differentiates human bronchial epithelial cells via epidermal growth factor receptor activation.	Nicotine	22-30	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	83-115
18262213-6	2008	Here we show that treatment of NHBE cells with recurrent doses of nicotine up to 500 muM triggered cell differentiation towards a neuronal-like phenotype: cells emitted filopodia and expressed neuronal markers such as neuronal cell adhesion molecule, neurofilament-M and the transcription factors neuronal N and Pax-3.	Nicotine	66-74	paired box 3	Homo sapiens	312-317
18262213-7	2008	We also demonstrate that nicotine treatment induced NF-kB translocation to the nucleus, phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and accumulation of heparin binding-EGF in the extracellular medium.	Nicotine	25-33	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	111-143
18262213-7	2008	We also demonstrate that nicotine treatment induced NF-kB translocation to the nucleus, phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and accumulation of heparin binding-EGF in the extracellular medium.	Nicotine	25-33	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	145-149
17922880-0	2008	Effects of smoking cessation, acute re-exposure and nicotine replacement in smokers on AIR inhaled insulin pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics.	Nicotine	52-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
17922880-3	2008	WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: * This is the first euglycaemic clamp study on the impact of smoking cessation, acute smoking re-exposure and nicotine replacement on AIR((R)) inhaled insulin pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics.	Nicotine	132-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
17922880-5	2008	* Additionally, these results are also the first to demonstrate an apparent independent effect of nicotine replacement therapy on insulin exposure and glucodynamic response.	Nicotine	98-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
18297099-1	2008	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Central application of nicotine causes the release of vasopressin and affects blood pressure.	Nicotine	47-55	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	78-89
18318002-7	2008	A number of spots were identified; among them, C reactive protein and haemopexin displayed a significant reduction after nicotine administration; two haemopexin isoforms were decreased in the S state and antithrombin III was increased in the E phase.	Nicotine	121-129	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	47-65
18259024-0	2008	Prenatal gender-related nicotine exposure increases blood pressure response to angiotensin II in adult offspring.	Nicotine	24-32	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	79-93
18259024-2	2008	The present study tested the hypothesis that prenatal nicotine exposure causes an increase in BP response to angiotensin II (Ang II) in adult offspring.	Nicotine	54-62	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	109-123
18259024-2	2008	The present study tested the hypothesis that prenatal nicotine exposure causes an increase in BP response to angiotensin II (Ang II) in adult offspring.	Nicotine	54-62	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	125-131
18259024-8	2008	In male offspring, nicotine exposure significantly increased Ang II-induced contractions of aortas and mesenteric arteries.	Nicotine	19-27	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
18259024-10	2008	Losartan blocked Ang II-induced contractions in both control and nicotine-treated animals.	Nicotine	65-73	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
18259024-12	2008	Nicotine significantly increased Ang II type 1 receptor but decreased Ang II type 2 receptor protein levels, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of Ang II type 1 receptor/Ang II type 2 receptor in the aorta.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
18259024-12	2008	Nicotine significantly increased Ang II type 1 receptor but decreased Ang II type 2 receptor protein levels, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of Ang II type 1 receptor/Ang II type 2 receptor in the aorta.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
18259024-12	2008	Nicotine significantly increased Ang II type 1 receptor but decreased Ang II type 2 receptor protein levels, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of Ang II type 1 receptor/Ang II type 2 receptor in the aorta.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
18037926-7	2008	We will also review how nicotine, acting via nAChR desensitization, promotes the sensitivity of dopamine synapses to activity.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
18037926-11	2008	A greater understanding of nAChR form and function is imperative to guide the design of ligands with subtype-selective efficacy for improved therapeutic interventions in nicotine addiction as well as Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
18205805-8	2008	IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma levels in the nicotine-treated mice were higher than those in the control mice.	Nicotine	40-48	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	0-4
18205805-8	2008	IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma levels in the nicotine-treated mice were higher than those in the control mice.	Nicotine	40-48	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	6-11
18205805-8	2008	IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma levels in the nicotine-treated mice were higher than those in the control mice.	Nicotine	40-48	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
18205805-13	2008	Significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma were seen in the 200 microg nicotine-treated mice at 2 h after administration of lipopolysaccharide (P<0.05).	Nicotine	69-77	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	31-40
18092181-0	2008	Significant association of DRD1 with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	37-45	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	27-31
18305393-1	2008	Recent studies have reported that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulates peripheral inflammatory responses via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7 nAChRs) and that acetylcholine and nicotine regulate the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and prostaglandin E2 in microglial cultures.	Nicotine	208-216	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	278-287
18305393-3	2008	These observations led us to investigate whether stimulation by nicotine could regulate fibrillar beta amyloid peptide (1-42) (fAbeta1-42)-induced ROS production by modulating ATP efflux-mediated Ca(2+) influx through P2X(7)R.	Nicotine	64-72	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	98-124
18305393-3	2008	These observations led us to investigate whether stimulation by nicotine could regulate fibrillar beta amyloid peptide (1-42) (fAbeta1-42)-induced ROS production by modulating ATP efflux-mediated Ca(2+) influx through P2X(7)R.	Nicotine	64-72	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	218-225
18305393-4	2008	Nicotine inhibited ROS generation in fAbeta(1-42)-stimulated microglial cells, and this inhibition was blocked by mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist, and a-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
18305393-4	2008	Nicotine inhibited ROS generation in fAbeta(1-42)-stimulated microglial cells, and this inhibition was blocked by mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist, and a-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
18248893-0	2008	Chronic nicotine stimulation modulates the immune response of mucosal T cells to Th1-dominant pattern via nAChR by upregulation of Th1-specific transcriptional factor.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
18248893-10	2008	These results suggested that nicotine could modulate the immune balance to Th1-dominant via nAChR in the intestine, to improve Th2-type enteritis.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
17579607-0	2008	Beta-arrestins 1 and 2 are associated with nicotine dependence in European American smokers.	Nicotine	43-51	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
18337407-0	2008	Nicotine self-administration differentially regulates hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin mRNAs and facilitates stress-induced neuronal activation.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	111-122
18059323-5	2008	Cigarette smoke contains a large number of molecules which may mediate responses on immune cells and of these, nicotine and oxidants have both been identified as inhibitory for the sensing of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Nicotine	111-119	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	222-225
18304900-1	2008	CYP2D6 enzyme is implicated in the metabolism of drugs and nicotine.	Nicotine	59-67	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
18041576-3	2008	Here, we review previous literatures that focus on the effects of exposure to cocaine, amphetamine, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), nicotine, morphine, and alcohol on ERK signaling in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system; these alterations of ERK signaling have been thought to contribute to the drug"s rewarding effects and to the long-term maladaptation induced by drug abuse.	Nicotine	137-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
18041576-3	2008	Here, we review previous literatures that focus on the effects of exposure to cocaine, amphetamine, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), nicotine, morphine, and alcohol on ERK signaling in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system; these alterations of ERK signaling have been thought to contribute to the drug"s rewarding effects and to the long-term maladaptation induced by drug abuse.	Nicotine	137-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	249-252
18259024-12	2008	Nicotine significantly increased Ang II type 1 receptor but decreased Ang II type 2 receptor protein levels, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of Ang II type 1 receptor/Ang II type 2 receptor in the aorta.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
18259024-14	2008	These results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure alters vascular function via changes in Ang II receptor-mediated signaling pathways in adult offspring in a gender-specific manner, which may lead to an increased risk of hypertension in male offspring.	Nicotine	36-44	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	94-100
18048009-7	2008	The preproenkephalin (ppENK) mRNA level in spinal cord, but not dorsal root ganglion, was significantly increased 2 h following nicotine administration and recovered to control level 4 h after nicotine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) administration.	Nicotine	128-136	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	4-20
18048009-7	2008	The preproenkephalin (ppENK) mRNA level in spinal cord, but not dorsal root ganglion, was significantly increased 2 h following nicotine administration and recovered to control level 4 h after nicotine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) administration.	Nicotine	128-136	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	22-27
18048009-7	2008	The preproenkephalin (ppENK) mRNA level in spinal cord, but not dorsal root ganglion, was significantly increased 2 h following nicotine administration and recovered to control level 4 h after nicotine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) administration.	Nicotine	193-201	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	4-20
18048009-7	2008	The preproenkephalin (ppENK) mRNA level in spinal cord, but not dorsal root ganglion, was significantly increased 2 h following nicotine administration and recovered to control level 4 h after nicotine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) administration.	Nicotine	193-201	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	22-27
18045763-7	2008	Endogenous antioxidant status viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione were found to be significantly decreased in circulation, lung, liver and kidney of nicotine-treated group, which were significantly increased in QN-administered groups.	Nicotine	198-206	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
17553504-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These results - for the first time - show that nicotine induces functional intercellular communication failure in endothelial cells probably resulting from down-regulated Cx37 and Cx43 expression.	Nicotine	60-68	gap junction protein alpha 4	Homo sapiens	184-188
17912626-8	2008	Effects of nicotine and epibatidine on amyloid precursor protein (695) mRNA level were measured using real-time PCR.	Nicotine	11-19	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	39-64
17912626-9	2008	(3) Human amyloid precursor protein (695) gene was stably expressed in SH-EP1-alpha4beta2 cells; Nicotine (1 muM) and epibatidine (0.1 muM) decreased intracellular and secreted beta-amyloid in the cells; and activation of alpha4beta2 receptors did not affect amyloid precursor protein (695) mRNA level.	Nicotine	97-105	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	10-35
17912626-9	2008	(3) Human amyloid precursor protein (695) gene was stably expressed in SH-EP1-alpha4beta2 cells; Nicotine (1 muM) and epibatidine (0.1 muM) decreased intracellular and secreted beta-amyloid in the cells; and activation of alpha4beta2 receptors did not affect amyloid precursor protein (695) mRNA level.	Nicotine	97-105	latexin	Homo sapiens	109-112
17912626-9	2008	(3) Human amyloid precursor protein (695) gene was stably expressed in SH-EP1-alpha4beta2 cells; Nicotine (1 muM) and epibatidine (0.1 muM) decreased intracellular and secreted beta-amyloid in the cells; and activation of alpha4beta2 receptors did not affect amyloid precursor protein (695) mRNA level.	Nicotine	97-105	latexin	Homo sapiens	135-138
17912626-9	2008	(3) Human amyloid precursor protein (695) gene was stably expressed in SH-EP1-alpha4beta2 cells; Nicotine (1 muM) and epibatidine (0.1 muM) decreased intracellular and secreted beta-amyloid in the cells; and activation of alpha4beta2 receptors did not affect amyloid precursor protein (695) mRNA level.	Nicotine	97-105	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	259-284
18189313-4	2008	Here, we show the effects of low-dose (1 microM) nicotine on bAP-evoked Ca2+ transients in basal dendrites and spines of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices.	Nicotine	49-57	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
18189313-5	2008	Although nicotine application failed to have any direct effect in low concentration, it could significantly enhance bAP-evoked Ca2+ transients through presynaptic nAChRs located on axon terminals innervating pyramidal cells.	Nicotine	9-17	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
18189313-7	2008	High-dose (250-500 microM) nicotine could induce firing and Ca2+ accumulation in spines.	Nicotine	27-35	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
18189313-11	2008	Our data revealed a subcellular effect of nicotine through regulation of Ca2+ levels in the computational units of pyramidal neurons.	Nicotine	42-50	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
17592508-1	2007	Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists are novel therapeutics with potential for the treatment of a number of conditions including obesity, nicotine addition and metabolic syndrome.	Nicotine	138-146	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
18197080-4	2008	METHODS: Six candidate genes, thought to be involved in the interaction of nicotine and bupropion (for example, the dopamine receptor type 2, dopamine transporter, norepinephrine transporter, serotonin transporter, catecholamine-O-methyltransferase), and the clinical outcomes of smoking behavior were investigated.	Nicotine	75-83	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	164-190
18197273-0	2008	Chronic nicotine treatment induces rat CYP2D in the brain but not in the liver: an investigation of induction and time course.	Nicotine	8-16	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	39-44
18197273-3	2008	The aims of this study were to investigate whether nicotine can induce rat brain CYP2D, to determine the recovery time course of the induction and to investigate the mechanism of induction through measuring mRNA levels over time.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	81-86
18197273-8	2008	At 8 hours after nicotine treatment, CYP2D levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than levels in saline-treated control animals in the cerebellum (1.4-fold), hippocampus (1.3-fold) and striatum (3.2-fold); they tended to be higher in the frontal cortex, brainstem and thalamus.	Nicotine	17-25	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	37-42
18197273-12	2008	CONCLUSION: Chronic nicotine treatment induced CYP2D enzymes in rat brain but not rat liver.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	47-52
18197273-14	2008	These findings suggest that, in humans exposed to nicotine, response to centrally acting drugs metabolized by CYP2D, susceptibility to neurotoxins either activated or inactivated by CYP2D and the general homeostasis of endogenous neurochemicals metabolized by CYP2D may be affected, owing to increased CYP2D in the brain.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	110-115
18197273-14	2008	These findings suggest that, in humans exposed to nicotine, response to centrally acting drugs metabolized by CYP2D, susceptibility to neurotoxins either activated or inactivated by CYP2D and the general homeostasis of endogenous neurochemicals metabolized by CYP2D may be affected, owing to increased CYP2D in the brain.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	182-187
18197273-14	2008	These findings suggest that, in humans exposed to nicotine, response to centrally acting drugs metabolized by CYP2D, susceptibility to neurotoxins either activated or inactivated by CYP2D and the general homeostasis of endogenous neurochemicals metabolized by CYP2D may be affected, owing to increased CYP2D in the brain.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	182-187
18197273-14	2008	These findings suggest that, in humans exposed to nicotine, response to centrally acting drugs metabolized by CYP2D, susceptibility to neurotoxins either activated or inactivated by CYP2D and the general homeostasis of endogenous neurochemicals metabolized by CYP2D may be affected, owing to increased CYP2D in the brain.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	182-187
19079602-4	2008	In the last decade, localization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a specific receptor of nicotine, has been widely detected in non-excitable cells.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
19079602-4	2008	In the last decade, localization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a specific receptor of nicotine, has been widely detected in non-excitable cells.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
19079602-5	2008	Therefore, we hypothesized that nicotine affect growth plate chondrocytes directly and specifically through nAChR to delay skeletal growth.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
19079602-10	2008	Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a specific antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, reversed the inhibition of matrix synthesis and functional calcium signal by nicotine in human growth plate chondrocytes in vitro.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
19079602-12	2008	Maternal nicotine exposure resulted in delayed skeletal growth of alpha7 nAChR +/+ fetuses but not in alpha7 nAChR -/- fetuses, implying that skeletal growth retardation by nicotine is specifically mediated via fetal alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
19079602-12	2008	Maternal nicotine exposure resulted in delayed skeletal growth of alpha7 nAChR +/+ fetuses but not in alpha7 nAChR -/- fetuses, implying that skeletal growth retardation by nicotine is specifically mediated via fetal alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
19079602-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that nicotine, from cigarette smoking, acts directly on growth plate chondrocytes to decrease matrix synthesis, suppress hypertrophic differentiation via alpha7 nAChR, leading to delayed skeletal growth.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
18204825-7	2008	Differential regulation of NPS and NPSR transcripts was observed after caffeine or nicotine treatment, indicating complex interactions with adenosine and cholinergic systems.	Nicotine	83-91	neuropeptide S receptor 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
18157476-4	2007	In the present study, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and relevant neurotransmitter releases involved in LTP-like response induced by nicotine were investigated by extracellularly recording the PS in the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-58
18157476-4	2007	In the present study, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and relevant neurotransmitter releases involved in LTP-like response induced by nicotine were investigated by extracellularly recording the PS in the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
17869227-6	2007	Furthermore, nicotine significantly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) protein expression in macrophages.	Nicotine	13-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
17869227-7	2007	Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), suppressed nicotine-induced Akt and AMPKalpha phosphorylation.	Nicotine	85-93	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
17869227-8	2007	STO-609, a CaMKK inhibitor, not only inhibited the activation of AMPKalpha but also suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	133-141	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
17869227-9	2007	In conclusion, both of CaMKK and PI3K/Akt pathways are involved in the nicotine-induced AMPKalpha phosphorylation in macrophages, and the interaction of CaMKK and Akt may exist.	Nicotine	71-79	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
17869227-9	2007	In conclusion, both of CaMKK and PI3K/Akt pathways are involved in the nicotine-induced AMPKalpha phosphorylation in macrophages, and the interaction of CaMKK and Akt may exist.	Nicotine	71-79	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
17600315-0	2007	Nicotine stimulates human lung cancer cell growth by inducing fibronectin expression.	Nicotine	0-8	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	62-73
17600315-4	2007	In experiments designed to unveil the mechanisms for this effect, we found that nicotine also stimulated mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin.	Nicotine	80-88	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	136-147
17600315-7	2007	Thus, nicotine stimulated NSCLC cell proliferation indirectly via fibronectin induction.	Nicotine	6-14	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	66-77
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	50-58	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	67-78
17936462-5	2007	Exposure to nicotine upregulates nAChRs and nAChR currents and produces LTP of excitatory inputs to midbrain DA neurons.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
17936462-9	2007	A model is proposed in which nicotine exposure regimens that produce transient nAChR upregulation and LTP consequently produce long-lasting sensitization of midbrain DA neuron reactivity and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
17936462-9	2007	A model is proposed in which nicotine exposure regimens that produce transient nAChR upregulation and LTP consequently produce long-lasting sensitization of midbrain DA neuron reactivity and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	191-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
18005395-8	2008	nAChR expression increases when cells are chronically exposed to either selective antagonists or agonists such as nicotine, a protocol mimicking the condition of chronic heavy smokers.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	274-279
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	50-58	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	312-323
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	67-78
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	274-279
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	312-323
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	67-78
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	274-279
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	312-323
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	4-15
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-117
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	162-191
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	193-197
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	255-258
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	292-296
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	351-355
17600315-10	2007	These observations suggest that nicotine stimulates NSCLC proliferation through induction of fibronectin, and that these events are mediated through nAChR-mediated signals that include ERK and PI3-K/mTOR pathways.	Nicotine	32-40	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	93-104
17600315-10	2007	These observations suggest that nicotine stimulates NSCLC proliferation through induction of fibronectin, and that these events are mediated through nAChR-mediated signals that include ERK and PI3-K/mTOR pathways.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
17942622-9	2007	Thus the observed differences in nicotine-induced DA release from VTA and SNc are likely due to differences in nAChR expression on the afferent inputs as well as on the DA neurons themselves.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
17375139-8	2007	We speculate that the procognitive effects of nicotine in DAT KO mice are related to the upregulation of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prelimbic cortex, all areas involved in cognition.	Nicotine	46-54	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	58-61
17375139-6	2007	Chronically nicotine-treated DAT KO mice were always hypersensitive to the hypolocomotor effect of nicotine without tolerance and did not exhibit the anxiogenic effect of nicotine treatment observed in WT mice.	Nicotine	12-20	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	29-32
17375139-6	2007	Chronically nicotine-treated DAT KO mice were always hypersensitive to the hypolocomotor effect of nicotine without tolerance and did not exhibit the anxiogenic effect of nicotine treatment observed in WT mice.	Nicotine	99-107	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	29-32
17375139-6	2007	Chronically nicotine-treated DAT KO mice were always hypersensitive to the hypolocomotor effect of nicotine without tolerance and did not exhibit the anxiogenic effect of nicotine treatment observed in WT mice.	Nicotine	99-107	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	29-32
17375139-9	2007	Data from our studies on DAT KO mice shed light on the nicotine self-medication in psychiatric patients and suggest that nicotinic agonists could favorably lead to additional therapy of psychiatric diseases.	Nicotine	55-63	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	25-28
17976662-3	2007	The aim of these experiments was to investigate the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and norepinephrine in stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine-seeking behavior.	Nicotine	164-172	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	60-90
17645946-0	2007	Nicotine treatment regulates neuropeptide S system expression in the rat brain.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	29-43
17881205-7	2007	The results showed that prenatal chronic nicotine exposure causes IUGR in rats (P<0.01); in response to nicotine exposure, maternal serum corticosterone levels were elevated at mid- and late-gestations (P<0.05); mRNA expressions of StAR and P450scc increased in maternal adrenals (P<0.05 or 0.01) but decreased in fetal adrenals (P=0.16 or 0.11).	Nicotine	41-49	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	238-242
17881205-7	2007	The results showed that prenatal chronic nicotine exposure causes IUGR in rats (P<0.01); in response to nicotine exposure, maternal serum corticosterone levels were elevated at mid- and late-gestations (P<0.05); mRNA expressions of StAR and P450scc increased in maternal adrenals (P<0.05 or 0.01) but decreased in fetal adrenals (P=0.16 or 0.11).	Nicotine	107-115	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	238-242
17878927-0	2007	Nicotine inhibits cytokine production by placenta cells via NFkappaB: potential role in pregnancy-induced hypertension.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	60-68
17878927-6	2007	Placenta cells express the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR), and using cholinergic antagonists, we demonstrated that the antiinflammatory effect of nicotine and other cholinergic agonists is, in part, mediated through the nAChR pathway.	Nicotine	169-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
17878927-9	2007	Taken together, our results suggest that cholinergic agonists, including nicotine, may reduce cytokine production by placenta cells via NFkappaB to protect against PIH.	Nicotine	73-81	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	136-144
17645946-4	2007	Here, we examined the effect of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on the expression of NPS and its receptor (NPS-R) in the hypothalamus and brainstem of rats by using real-time PCR.	Nicotine	50-58	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	90-110
17645946-4	2007	Here, we examined the effect of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on the expression of NPS and its receptor (NPS-R) in the hypothalamus and brainstem of rats by using real-time PCR.	Nicotine	50-58	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
17645946-5	2007	Our results showed that chronic nicotine treatment induced significant changes in NPS and NPS-R expression whereas acute treatment exclusively induces a marked increase in the mRNA levels of NPS-R in the brainstem.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
17645946-5	2007	Our results showed that chronic nicotine treatment induced significant changes in NPS and NPS-R expression whereas acute treatment exclusively induces a marked increase in the mRNA levels of NPS-R in the brainstem.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
17645946-5	2007	Our results showed that chronic nicotine treatment induced significant changes in NPS and NPS-R expression whereas acute treatment exclusively induces a marked increase in the mRNA levels of NPS-R in the brainstem.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
17645946-7	2007	Overall, these data suggest that NPS system is specifically regulated by nicotine in the rat hypothalamus and brainstem.	Nicotine	73-81	neuropeptide S	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
17666046-0	2007	Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of ERK in mouse primary cortical neurons: evidence for involvement of glutamatergic signaling and CaMKII.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	36-39
17923451-0	2007	Isolation and characterization of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP82E5v2 that mediates nicotine to nornicotine conversion in the green leaves of tobacco.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	59-68
17869436-6	2007	Al(3+) appeared to increase the affinity of nicotine to nAChR but not the efficacy.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
17921249-3	2007	We demonstrate one mechanism for both the anxiety-like symptoms of withdrawal and excessive nicotine intake observed after abstinence, through recruitment of the extrahypothalamic stress peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system and activation of CRF(1) receptors.	Nicotine	92-100	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	195-225
17913920-0	2007	Hippocampal alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor involvement in the enhancing effect of acute nicotine on contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-56
17666046-1	2007	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in vivo in a number of brain areas by nicotine and other drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	95-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-37
17666046-1	2007	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in vivo in a number of brain areas by nicotine and other drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	95-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	39-42
17666046-2	2007	Here we show that nicotine stimulation of cultured mouse cortical neurons leads to a robust induction of ERK phosphorylation that is dependent on nicotine concentration and duration of exposure.	Nicotine	18-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	105-108
17666046-2	2007	Here we show that nicotine stimulation of cultured mouse cortical neurons leads to a robust induction of ERK phosphorylation that is dependent on nicotine concentration and duration of exposure.	Nicotine	146-154	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	105-108
17666046-3	2007	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity is necessary for nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and neither cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C appear to be involved.	Nicotine	73-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	90-93
17666046-4	2007	Activity of glutamate receptors, L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, and voltage-gated sodium channels are also required for nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	128-136	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	145-148
17666046-5	2007	Nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by high concentrations of mecamylamine, however it was not blocked by other broad nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitors (including hexamethonium and chlorisondamine) or nAChR subtype selective inhibitors (such as methyllycaconitine, alpha-bungarotoxin, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and alpha-conotoxin Au1B).	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	17-20
17666046-6	2007	In accord with these pharmacological results, nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was normal in primary cultures made from beta2 or alpha7 nAChR subunit knockout mice.	Nicotine	46-54	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	63-66
17666046-8	2007	Taken together, these data define a necessary role for glutamatergic signaling and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation in cortical neurons and do not provide evidence for the involvement of classical nAChRs.	Nicotine	133-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	150-153
17612583-3	2007	Previous biochemical studies, involving callus tissues cultured in vitro, suggested that the ADC-mediated route to putrescine is used preferentially to provide the putrescine that is utilized for nicotine synthesis in N. tabacum.	Nicotine	196-204	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	93-96
17612583-7	2007	Concentrations of nicotine were comparable in antisense-ADC and control hairy root lines throughout most of their respective culture cycles, except at the latter stages of growth when the nicotine content of antisense-ADC hairy root lines was observed to be approximately 20% lower than in controls.	Nicotine	188-196	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	218-221
17612583-10	2007	Our overall conclusion is that the ADC mediated route to putrescine plays a role, but is not of prime importance, in providing the pyrollidine ring which is used for nicotine synthesis in cultured hairy roots of N. tabacum and in roots of healthy greenhouse-grown plants.	Nicotine	166-174	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	35-38
17613539-1	2007	Mutational analyses in xenopus oocyte and mice models indicate that the positive effect of nicotine on attention may be modulated by genetic variations within exon 5 of the alpha4 subunit of the nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA4.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	236-242
17898222-5	2007	In particular, a 24 h exposure to nicotine decreased proteasome-dependent degradation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, as indicated by the accumulation of ubiquitinated alpha7.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
17898222-6	2007	The same nicotine treatment increased the levels of the AMPA glutamate receptor subunit GluR1, the NMDA receptor subunit NR2A, the metabotropic receptor mGluR1alpha, the plasticity factor Homer-1A, and the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, whereas the levels of another scaffolding protein, Shank, were reduced.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	121-125
17898222-6	2007	The same nicotine treatment increased the levels of the AMPA glutamate receptor subunit GluR1, the NMDA receptor subunit NR2A, the metabotropic receptor mGluR1alpha, the plasticity factor Homer-1A, and the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, whereas the levels of another scaffolding protein, Shank, were reduced.	Nicotine	9-17	homer scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	188-196
17768273-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Results of analyses ranging from basic biological approaches to clinical outcome data provide consistent evidence that 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CHRNA4 are functional at a biological level and are associated with nicotine dependence phenotypes.	Nicotine	237-245	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-175
17615133-7	2007	We conclude that nicotine modulates salt responses by direct interaction with TRPV1t.	Nicotine	17-25	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	78-83
17765929-0	2007	Quantification of PPAR-gamma protein in monocyte/macrophages from healthy smokers and non-smokers: a possible direct effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	127-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-28
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-147
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
17765929-2	2007	This study was aimed to quantify both the constitutive and ligand-induced PPAR-gamma expression in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) isolated from healthy smokers and non-smokers, and to evaluate the possible direct effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	241-249	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-84
17765929-10	2007	Nicotine dose-dependently enhanced PPAR-gamma expression with a maximum at 10 muM, and inhibited release of pro-inflammatory cytokines; these effects were reversed by alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	35-45
17765929-12	2007	In conclusion, monocytes and MDM from healthy smokers present a constitutively enhanced PPAR-gamma expression; this effect is reproduced, to some extent, by nicotine in vitro.	Nicotine	157-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	88-98
17383007-3	2007	Chronic nicotine exposure differentially affects the number, subunit composition, stoichiometry and functional state of some nAChR subtypes, leaving others substantially unaffected.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
17699846-0	2007	Nicotine induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in human lung cancer cells via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	17-48
17699846-3	2007	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of HIF-1alpha and its downstream target gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	60-68	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	90-100
17699846-3	2007	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of HIF-1alpha and its downstream target gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	60-68	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	133-167
17699846-3	2007	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of HIF-1alpha and its downstream target gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	60-68	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	169-173
17699846-5	2007	Loss of HIF-1alpha function using specific small interfering RNA was used to determine whether HIF-1alpha is directly involved in nicotine-induced tumor angiogenic activities, including VEGF expression, cancer cell migration, and invasion.	Nicotine	130-138	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	95-105
17699846-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine increased HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in NSCLC cells.	Nicotine	9-17	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	28-38
17699846-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine increased HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in NSCLC cells.	Nicotine	9-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	43-47
17699846-10	2007	CONCLUSION: These findings identify novel mechanisms by which nicotine promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and provide further evidences that HIF-1alpha is a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	196-204	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	149-159
17431097-6	2007	The reduction of proinflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and TNF-alpha) in the BAL with nicotine probably resulted from the suppression of NF-kappaB activation in alveolar macrophages.	Nicotine	109-117	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
17431097-7	2007	The beneficial effect of nicotine was also tested in rat model of acid-induced acute lung injury in which BAL protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a marker of type I cell injury, were reduced by nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	25-33	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
17431097-7	2007	The beneficial effect of nicotine was also tested in rat model of acid-induced acute lung injury in which BAL protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a marker of type I cell injury, were reduced by nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	223-231	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	122-166
17431097-7	2007	The beneficial effect of nicotine was also tested in rat model of acid-induced acute lung injury in which BAL protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a marker of type I cell injury, were reduced by nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	223-231	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
17611077-8	2007	Akt, a physiological survivin kinase, is activated by nicotine.	Nicotine	54-62	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
17611077-11	2007	The Akt pathway may be required for nicotine function.	Nicotine	36-44	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
17654292-7	2007	Short-term and prolonged 3-day exposures of SH-SY5Y cells to either TPM or nicotine at nicotine concentrations ranging from 0.2 microM to 20 microM increased specific binding, suggesting upregulation of nAChR expression.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-208
17784838-6	2007	Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effect of nicotine was blocked completely by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist hexamethonium.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-108
17784838-6	2007	Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effect of nicotine was blocked completely by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist hexamethonium.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
17525161-4	2007	Here we discovered that treatment of cells with nicotine not only enhances PKCzeta activity but also results in Bax phosphorylation and prolonged cell survival, which is suppressed by a PKCzeta specific inhibitor (a myristoylated PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide).	Nicotine	48-56	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	112-115
17525161-8	2007	Specific depletion of PKCzeta by RNA interference blocks nicotine-stimulated Bax phosphorylation and enhances apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	57-65	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	77-80
17638897-0	2007	Nongenomic beta estrogen receptors enhance beta1 adrenergic signaling induced by the nicotine-derived carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in human small airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	85-93	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
17581257-4	2007	Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreased microglial activation with significant reduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression and TNF-alpha release induced by LPS stimulation.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	97-131
17581257-4	2007	Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreased microglial activation with significant reduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression and TNF-alpha release induced by LPS stimulation.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	152-161
17581257-7	2007	Chronic nicotine pretreatment in rats showed that TH-ip neuronal loss induced by LPS stimulation in the substantia nigra was dramatically decreased, which was clearly accompanied by a reduction in the formation of TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	8-16	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	214-223
17610911-6	2007	Although Abeta also inhibited LTP in the presence of nicotine, the extent of the inhibition of LTP in nicotine perfused slices was similar to that in control, resulting in substantial LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta in the nicotine perfused slices.	Nicotine	102-110	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	95-98
17610911-6	2007	Although Abeta also inhibited LTP in the presence of nicotine, the extent of the inhibition of LTP in nicotine perfused slices was similar to that in control, resulting in substantial LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta in the nicotine perfused slices.	Nicotine	102-110	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	95-98
17610911-7	2007	The nicotine enhanced LTP and the LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta and nicotine, although not the control LTP was dependent on activation of PKA.	Nicotine	4-12	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	22-25
17610911-7	2007	The nicotine enhanced LTP and the LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta and nicotine, although not the control LTP was dependent on activation of PKA.	Nicotine	4-12	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	34-37
17610911-7	2007	The nicotine enhanced LTP and the LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta and nicotine, although not the control LTP was dependent on activation of PKA.	Nicotine	4-12	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	34-37
17610911-7	2007	The nicotine enhanced LTP and the LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta and nicotine, although not the control LTP was dependent on activation of PKA.	Nicotine	77-85	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	34-37
17610911-7	2007	The nicotine enhanced LTP and the LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta and nicotine, although not the control LTP was dependent on activation of PKA.	Nicotine	77-85	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	34-37
17610911-8	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment also enhanced HFS-LTP recorded in acute slices taken from the nicotine-treated animals, and such LTP was only partially inhibited by Abeta.	Nicotine	8-16	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	45-48
17610911-8	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment also enhanced HFS-LTP recorded in acute slices taken from the nicotine-treated animals, and such LTP was only partially inhibited by Abeta.	Nicotine	8-16	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	124-127
17610911-8	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment also enhanced HFS-LTP recorded in acute slices taken from the nicotine-treated animals, and such LTP was only partially inhibited by Abeta.	Nicotine	89-97	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	45-48
17610911-8	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment also enhanced HFS-LTP recorded in acute slices taken from the nicotine-treated animals, and such LTP was only partially inhibited by Abeta.	Nicotine	89-97	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	124-127
17610911-9	2007	We postulate that nicotine-enhanced LTP has certain different mechanisms to that of control LTP which results in a resistance to inhibition by Abeta.	Nicotine	18-26	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	36-39
17610911-9	2007	We postulate that nicotine-enhanced LTP has certain different mechanisms to that of control LTP which results in a resistance to inhibition by Abeta.	Nicotine	18-26	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	92-95
17687035-3	2007	Systemic cyclosporine administration decreased calcineurin activity in the brain, attenuated nicotine-mediated locomotor sensitization, and blocked the effects of nicotine on DARPP32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32) activation in the striatum.	Nicotine	163-171	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	175-182
17687035-3	2007	Systemic cyclosporine administration decreased calcineurin activity in the brain, attenuated nicotine-mediated locomotor sensitization, and blocked the effects of nicotine on DARPP32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32) activation in the striatum.	Nicotine	163-171	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	184-230
17554626-5	2007	The target for nicotine is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-72
17554626-5	2007	The target for nicotine is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
17437548-0	2007	Nicotine induces tyrosine hydroxylase plasticity in the neurodegenerating striatum.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	17-37
17437548-5	2007	After nicotine treatment, the decrease in TH protein in the CS was significantly reduced, with a concomitant preservation of TH activity, but nicotine did not alter the number of TH immunoreactive fibres.	Nicotine	6-14	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	42-44
17437548-5	2007	After nicotine treatment, the decrease in TH protein in the CS was significantly reduced, with a concomitant preservation of TH activity, but nicotine did not alter the number of TH immunoreactive fibres.	Nicotine	6-14	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	125-127
17437548-5	2007	After nicotine treatment, the decrease in TH protein in the CS was significantly reduced, with a concomitant preservation of TH activity, but nicotine did not alter the number of TH immunoreactive fibres.	Nicotine	6-14	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	125-127
17437548-7	2007	Thus, nicotine induces long lasting TH plasticity in the degenerating CS.	Nicotine	6-14	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	36-38
17383007-4	2007	In this review, we will summarise recent data concerning the nAChR subtypes expressed in the CNS, and how they are regulated by means of chronic nicotine and/or nicotinic drugs.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
17575236-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine could up-regulate expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, costimulatory molecules, such as CD80, CD86, and CD40, adhesion molecule CD11b, and chemokine receptor CCR7 and enhance endocytosis ability of imDCs.	Nicotine	9-17	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	117-121
17575236-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine could up-regulate expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, costimulatory molecules, such as CD80, CD86, and CD40, adhesion molecule CD11b, and chemokine receptor CCR7 and enhance endocytosis ability of imDCs.	Nicotine	9-17	CD86 antigen	Mus musculus	123-127
17575236-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine could up-regulate expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, costimulatory molecules, such as CD80, CD86, and CD40, adhesion molecule CD11b, and chemokine receptor CCR7 and enhance endocytosis ability of imDCs.	Nicotine	9-17	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	157-162
17575236-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine could up-regulate expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, costimulatory molecules, such as CD80, CD86, and CD40, adhesion molecule CD11b, and chemokine receptor CCR7 and enhance endocytosis ability of imDCs.	Nicotine	9-17	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7	Mus musculus	187-191
17369603-5	2007	beta-Adrenoceptors, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues were also increased by nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	20-36
17434679-1	2007	Nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), is believed to have neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects on the developing brain.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
17434679-3	2007	Thus, developmental nicotine could have opposite effects in different brain regions, depending on nAChR subtype expression.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
17434679-4	2007	Here, we determined if chronic neonatal nicotine exposure (CNN), during a period of brain growth corresponding to the third human trimester, differentially regulates nAChR expression, cell death, and morphological properties in hippocampus and cerebellum, two structures maturing postnatally.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
17434679-11	2007	Thus, the hippocampus seems to be more sensitive than the cerebellum to CNN which could result from different nAChR subtype expression and might explain long-lasting altered cognitive functions correlated with gestational nicotine exposure due to changes in hippocampal cell morphology.	Nicotine	222-230	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
17525204-12	2007	However, nicotine decreased the endotoxin-induced elevation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, but did not affect IL-10 in the serum and aqueous humor.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	63-81
17525204-12	2007	However, nicotine decreased the endotoxin-induced elevation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, but did not affect IL-10 in the serum and aqueous humor.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	83-91
17525204-12	2007	However, nicotine decreased the endotoxin-induced elevation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, but did not affect IL-10 in the serum and aqueous humor.	Nicotine	9-17	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	93-126
17222527-13	2007	Nicotine treatment significantly decreased the endogenous antioxidant status viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GSH, vitamin A, E and C. Co-administration of FA and NAC to nicotine-treated lymphocytes showed a significant increase in the antioxidant status.	Nicotine	0-8	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	111-119
17222527-13	2007	Nicotine treatment significantly decreased the endogenous antioxidant status viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GSH, vitamin A, E and C. Co-administration of FA and NAC to nicotine-treated lymphocytes showed a significant increase in the antioxidant status.	Nicotine	0-8	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
17369603-5	2007	beta-Adrenoceptors, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues were also increased by nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	79-113
17369603-10	2007	Activation of beta-adrenoceptors and the subsequent stimulation of COX-2, PGE(2), and VEGF expression is perhaps an important mechanism in the tumorigenic action of nicotine on colon tumor growth.	Nicotine	165-173	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	67-72
17369603-10	2007	Activation of beta-adrenoceptors and the subsequent stimulation of COX-2, PGE(2), and VEGF expression is perhaps an important mechanism in the tumorigenic action of nicotine on colon tumor growth.	Nicotine	165-173	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	86-90
17459420-7	2007	Exposure of SCLC or PNECs to NNK or nicotine increased expression of the alpha7nAChR and caused influx of Ca(2+), activation of PKC, Raf-1, ERK1/2, and c-myc, resulting in the stimulation of cell proliferation.	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	140-146
17459420-12	2007	NNK and nicotine-induced hyperactivity of the alpha7nAChR/RAF/ERK1/2 pathway thus appears to play a crucial role in the development of SCLC in smokers and could be targeted for cancer prevention.	Nicotine	8-16	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	62-68
17520028-7	2007	Additionally, nicotine significantly reduced tubular damages, prevented neutrophil infiltration and decreased productions of the CXC-chemokine KC, TNF-alpha and the proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 protein.	Nicotine	14-22	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	147-156
17512954-10	2007	Interestingly, nicotine stimulated the production of IL4 and IL5, implying a possible role of the cholinergic system in pathogenesis of allergic diseases.	Nicotine	15-23	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
17510389-1	2007	Nicotine and its derivatives, by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) on bronchial epithelial cells, can regulate cellular proliferation and apoptosis via activating the Akt pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-77
17526630-4	2007	Rats which were chronically treated with alcohol alone or in combination with nicotine, 0.3 mg/kg, showed an increase in ethanol intake when the free choice was performed between ethanol 10% and tap water; on the contrary, when the free choice was performed between ethanol 10% versus nicotine, 0.3 mg/kg, results showed a decrease in ethanol preference and a concomitant increase in nicotine preference.	Nicotine	78-86	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-198
17267549-4	2007	Extracellular application of nicotine, bepridil, correolide, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) all significantly and reversibly reduced the Kv1.5 currents, while nicotine and bepridil also accelerated the inactivation kinetics of the currents.	Nicotine	29-37	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	130-135
17267549-4	2007	Extracellular application of nicotine, bepridil, correolide, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) all significantly and reversibly reduced the Kv1.5 currents, while nicotine and bepridil also accelerated the inactivation kinetics of the currents.	Nicotine	152-160	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	65-77
17267549-9	2007	These results suggest that 1) Kv1.5 channels are modulated by various agonists (e.g., nicotine and ET-1); 2) novel SNPs in KCNA5 are present in IPAH patients; and 3) SNPs in the promoter and translated regions of KCNA5 may underlie the altered expression and/or function of Kv1.5 channels in PASMC from IPAH patients.	Nicotine	86-94	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	30-35
17267549-9	2007	These results suggest that 1) Kv1.5 channels are modulated by various agonists (e.g., nicotine and ET-1); 2) novel SNPs in KCNA5 are present in IPAH patients; and 3) SNPs in the promoter and translated regions of KCNA5 may underlie the altered expression and/or function of Kv1.5 channels in PASMC from IPAH patients.	Nicotine	86-94	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	123-128
17382409-4	2007	Chronic nicotine increased mechanical hypersensitivity, microglia activation, and the production of IL-1beta, but not the number of immune cells at the site of injury.	Nicotine	8-16	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	100-108
17384961-9	2007	In contrast, acute iv application of nicotine revealed significantly shorter thrombosis times in arterioles of female mice and a significantly increased endothelial P-selectin expression in mice of both genders.	Nicotine	37-45	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	165-175
17443794-8	2007	Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4beta2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
17510389-1	2007	Nicotine and its derivatives, by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) on bronchial epithelial cells, can regulate cellular proliferation and apoptosis via activating the Akt pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
17510389-4	2007	Five nonmalignant HBECs were exposed to nicotine in vitro to study the variation of nAChR subunit gene expression with nicotine exposure and removal.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
17510389-8	2007	nAChR alpha1, alpha5, and alpha7 showed significant reversible changes in expression levels in HBECs upon nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
17510389-10	2007	Finally, nicotine exposure in HBECs resulted in reversible differences in nAChR subunit gene expression.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
17286987-0	2007	Nicotine-induced vascular endothelial growth factor release via the EGFR-ERK pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	0-8	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
17286987-7	2007	The nicotine-induced VEGF release was inhibited by treatment with U0126, a selective inhibitor of MEK, which attenuated the nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	4-12	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
17286987-7	2007	The nicotine-induced VEGF release was inhibited by treatment with U0126, a selective inhibitor of MEK, which attenuated the nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	124-132	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
17286987-8	2007	Nicotine induced a transient phosphorylation of ERK.	Nicotine	0-8	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
17286987-9	2007	Furthermore, AG1478, a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase, inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and VEGF release.	Nicotine	104-112	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
17286987-11	2007	Moreover, VEGF release induced by nicotine is mediated by an EGFR-ERK pathway in VSMC.	Nicotine	34-42	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
17610911-2	2007	In the present studies, the effect of beta-amyloid (Abeta) was investigated on the nicotine enhancement of high-frequency-induced LTP.	Nicotine	83-91	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	130-133
17610911-3	2007	Perfusion of nicotine substantially enhanced HFS-induced LTP in both rat and mouse dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	13-21	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	57-60
17610911-6	2007	Although Abeta also inhibited LTP in the presence of nicotine, the extent of the inhibition of LTP in nicotine perfused slices was similar to that in control, resulting in substantial LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta in the nicotine perfused slices.	Nicotine	53-61	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	30-33
17610911-6	2007	Although Abeta also inhibited LTP in the presence of nicotine, the extent of the inhibition of LTP in nicotine perfused slices was similar to that in control, resulting in substantial LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta in the nicotine perfused slices.	Nicotine	102-110	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	95-98
17610911-6	2007	Although Abeta also inhibited LTP in the presence of nicotine, the extent of the inhibition of LTP in nicotine perfused slices was similar to that in control, resulting in substantial LTP remaining in the presence of Abeta in the nicotine perfused slices.	Nicotine	102-110	liver transport protein	Mus musculus	95-98
17171661-0	2007	Association analysis of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) gene with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers.	Nicotine	92-100	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	28-71
17171661-0	2007	Association analysis of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) gene with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers.	Nicotine	92-100	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	73-80
17171661-2	2007	Because the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of many drugs, including nicotine, PPP1R1B is considered a plausible candidate for involvement in the development of vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	109-117	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	119-126
17171661-2	2007	Because the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of many drugs, including nicotine, PPP1R1B is considered a plausible candidate for involvement in the development of vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	218-226	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	119-126
17237153-10	2007	The inhibitory effects of steroid hormones on aldehyde oxidase may also contribute to interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	117-125	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	46-62
16943772-2	2007	It has been hypothesized that cessation of nicotine administration results in the activation of brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems that leads to the negative affective state of withdrawal.	Nicotine	43-51	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	102-132
17331737-6	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2x day) of hypothyroid rats reversed hypothyroidism-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. Western blot analysis of the NMDA receptor subunits in the membranous fractions of hippocampal area CA1 neurons revealed that hypothyroidism reduced NR1 and increased NR2B without affecting NR2A protein levels.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	324-328
17315157-2	2007	The tobacco carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) stimulates the proliferation of human PAC cells and small airway epithelial cells through beta-1 adrenorecptor-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).	Nicotine	23-31	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	253-285
17315157-2	2007	The tobacco carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) stimulates the proliferation of human PAC cells and small airway epithelial cells through beta-1 adrenorecptor-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).	Nicotine	23-31	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	287-291
17254563-5	2007	The IC50 values of nicotine for inhibition of the IL-18-enhanced ICAM-1 expression, IFN-gamma production and proliferation were 1, 1 and 2 microM, respectively.	Nicotine	19-27	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	84-93
17254563-9	2007	The inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and protein kinase A (PKA) at 100 microM inhibited the actions of nicotine, suggesting that the endogenous prostaglandin E(2) might be, at least, partially involved the actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	107-115	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	18-40
17254563-9	2007	The inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and protein kinase A (PKA) at 100 microM inhibited the actions of nicotine, suggesting that the endogenous prostaglandin E(2) might be, at least, partially involved the actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	221-229	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	18-40
17342254-0	2007	Lipopolysaccharide enhances the production of nicotine-induced prostaglandin E2 by an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 expression in osteoblasts.	Nicotine	46-54	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	98-114
17465209-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Molecular events following nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation by nicotine are poorly understood.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-71
17465209-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Molecular events following nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation by nicotine are poorly understood.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
17465209-2	2007	The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt/PTEN pathway has been suggested to play a role in the antiapoptotic responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	127-135	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	4-33
17465209-2	2007	The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt/PTEN pathway has been suggested to play a role in the antiapoptotic responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	127-135	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
17176295-4	2007	RESULTS: After a 16-h incubation, both nicotine (maximal at 10 microm) and TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL) significantly increased O(2)(-) formation in CVSMCs; this effect was blocked by co-incubating with SOD, catalase, and sildenafil (1 microm).	Nicotine	39-47	catalase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	200-208
17274640-9	2007	Exposure to nicotine enhanced association of PP1 with Bax (and Bad), but also induced inhibitory phosphorylation of PP1.	Nicotine	12-20	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
17274640-9	2007	Exposure to nicotine enhanced association of PP1 with Bax (and Bad), but also induced inhibitory phosphorylation of PP1.	Nicotine	12-20	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	54-57
17274640-9	2007	Exposure to nicotine enhanced association of PP1 with Bax (and Bad), but also induced inhibitory phosphorylation of PP1.	Nicotine	12-20	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
17268847-5	2007	These results indicate that nicotine inhibits bFGF-induced neuronal differentiation in H19-7 cells through inhibition of NO formation by suppressing iNOS/nNOS expressions.	Nicotine	28-36	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
17283012-1	2007	Nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana species requires an oxidative deamination of N-methylputrescine, catalyzed by N-methylputrescine oxidase (MPO).	Nicotine	0-8	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	113-139
17283012-1	2007	Nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana species requires an oxidative deamination of N-methylputrescine, catalyzed by N-methylputrescine oxidase (MPO).	Nicotine	0-8	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	141-144
17283012-2	2007	In a screen for tobacco genes that were down-regulated in a tobacco mutant with altered regulation of nicotine biosynthesis, we identified two homologous MPO cDNAs which encode diamine oxidases of a particular subclass.	Nicotine	102-110	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	154-157
17283012-5	2007	These results indicate that MPO evolved from general diamine oxidases to function effectively in nicotine biosynthesis.	Nicotine	97-105	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	28-31
17342286-7	2007	RESULTS: Palm tocotrienol mixture was able to prevent the increment of IL-1 and IL- 6 due to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	93-101	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
17342286-11	2007	CONCLUSION: Palm tocotrienol mixture was better than alpha-tocopherol in reversing the effects of nicotine on IL-1 and IL-6.	Nicotine	98-106	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
17003101-1	2007	We previously reported that nicotine promoted gastric cancer cell growth via upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2).	Nicotine	28-36	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	93-109
17003101-1	2007	We previously reported that nicotine promoted gastric cancer cell growth via upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2).	Nicotine	28-36	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	111-116
17003101-2	2007	In the present study, we further investigated whether beta-adrenoceptors, protein kinase C (PKC), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) were involved in the modulation of COX-2 expression and cell proliferation by nicotine in AGS, a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line.	Nicotine	231-239	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	102-143
17003101-4	2007	In this connection, the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 abrogated the upregulation of AP-1 and COX-2 as well as cell proliferation induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	133-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	24-30
17003101-5	2007	Moreover, nicotine induced the translocation of PKC-betaI from cytosol to membrane and increased the total levels of PKC expression.	Nicotine	10-18	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-51
17003101-5	2007	Moreover, nicotine induced the translocation of PKC-betaI from cytosol to membrane and increased the total levels of PKC expression.	Nicotine	10-18	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	117-120
17003101-6	2007	Inhibition of PKC by staurosporine attenuated nicotine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression.	Nicotine	46-54	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
17003101-6	2007	Inhibition of PKC by staurosporine attenuated nicotine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression.	Nicotine	46-54	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	63-69
17003101-6	2007	Inhibition of PKC by staurosporine attenuated nicotine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression.	Nicotine	46-54	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
17003101-7	2007	Furthermore, atenolol and ICI 118,551, a beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist, respectively, reversed the stimulatory action of nicotine on the expression of PKC, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and COX-2 together with cell proliferation.	Nicotine	132-140	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	162-165
17003101-7	2007	Furthermore, atenolol and ICI 118,551, a beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist, respectively, reversed the stimulatory action of nicotine on the expression of PKC, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and COX-2 together with cell proliferation.	Nicotine	132-140	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	167-173
17003101-7	2007	Furthermore, atenolol and ICI 118,551, a beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist, respectively, reversed the stimulatory action of nicotine on the expression of PKC, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and COX-2 together with cell proliferation.	Nicotine	132-140	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
17003101-8	2007	Collectively, these results suggest that nicotine stimulates gastric cancer cell growth through the activation of beta-adrenoceptors and the downstream PKC-betaI/ERK1/2/COX-2 pathway.	Nicotine	41-49	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	152-155
17003101-8	2007	Collectively, these results suggest that nicotine stimulates gastric cancer cell growth through the activation of beta-adrenoceptors and the downstream PKC-betaI/ERK1/2/COX-2 pathway.	Nicotine	41-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	162-168
17003101-8	2007	Collectively, these results suggest that nicotine stimulates gastric cancer cell growth through the activation of beta-adrenoceptors and the downstream PKC-betaI/ERK1/2/COX-2 pathway.	Nicotine	41-49	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	169-174
17184927-0	2007	Mecamylamine blocks nicotine-induced enhancement of the P20 auditory event-related potential and evoked gamma.	Nicotine	20-28	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	56-59
17184927-4	2007	This study was conducted to examine the effect of acute administration of nicotine and the non-specific nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine on the P20 and N40 components of the ERP and evoked gamma oscillations in mice.	Nicotine	74-82	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	145-148
17184927-5	2007	Acute nicotine (1 mg/kg) significantly increased P20 amplitude, an effect that was blocked by pretreatment with mecamylamine (2 mg/kg).	Nicotine	6-14	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	49-52
17353944-2	2007	Varenicline, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with nicotine-induced behaviors (alpha4beta2 nAChR).	Nicotine	292-300	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-267
17353944-2	2007	Varenicline, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with nicotine-induced behaviors (alpha4beta2 nAChR).	Nicotine	292-300	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	269-274
17174363-6	2007	Similar to other known nicotine biosynthetic genes in domesticated tobacco, MPO1-like mRNA levels were lower in roots with the mutant a and b alleles.	Nicotine	23-31	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	76-80
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	58-66	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	100-105
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	138-146	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	100-105
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	138-146	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	100-105
17237783-4	2007	Subsequently, genetic analysis and metabolite profiling confirmed a complex role for ornithine and GABA levels in modification of survival time upon chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	157-165	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	99-103
17082486-3	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: Nicotine induced dose-dependent human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) migration, a key angiogenesis event, to an extent which was equivalent in magnitude to bFGF (10 ng/mL) but less than for VEGF (10 ng/mL).	Nicotine	21-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	219-223
17365753-0	2007	The serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and treatment response to nicotine patch: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.	Nicotine	74-82	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-25
16920799-7	2007	At 10 (-7) M, a concentration found in the plasma of active smokers, nicotine induced MC proliferation [control, 1,328 +/- 50 vs. nicotine, 2,761 +/- 90 counts/minute (cpm); P < 0.05] and increased the synthesis of fibronectin (50%), a critical matrix component involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease.	Nicotine	69-77	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	218-229
16814262-5	2007	RESULTS: We found a consistent decrease in the mRNA levels encoded by the Pde4b gene in nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus of adolescent female rats treated with .24 mg/day nicotine, and in prefrontal cortex of adolescent female rats treated with .12 mg/day nicotine.	Nicotine	192-200	phosphodiesterase 4B	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
16814262-5	2007	RESULTS: We found a consistent decrease in the mRNA levels encoded by the Pde4b gene in nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus of adolescent female rats treated with .24 mg/day nicotine, and in prefrontal cortex of adolescent female rats treated with .12 mg/day nicotine.	Nicotine	277-285	phosphodiesterase 4B	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
16814262-7	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic nicotine treatments produce a dose-dependent down-regulation of Pde4b, which may have an antidepressant effect.	Nicotine	21-29	phosphodiesterase 4B	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
17323178-10	2007	Biochemical analysis revealed that nicotine treatment for 4 months significantly increased the serum IL-1, IL-6, and cotinine levels as compared to pretreatment levels.	Nicotine	35-43	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
16497274-6	2007	RESULTS: Acute nicotine increased the amplitude and gating of the P20 and decreased the amplitude and gating of the N40 across all groups, primarily by acting on S1.	Nicotine	15-23	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	66-69
17103466-9	2007	The experimental and theoretical studies performed on the nicotine and ACh cations consistently show the significant HB ability of the acceptor site of nAChR agonists in their charged form.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
21783733-11	2007	Renal function tests, LDH and TNF-alpha levels, which were increased significantly due to nicotine administration, were decreased with beta-glucan treatment.	Nicotine	90-98	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	30-39
17135361-3	2007	Nicotine prevents activation of NF-kappaB and c-Myc by inhibiting the activation of MAP kinases (MAPKs).	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	32-41
17135361-6	2007	Nicotine decreases Abeta via the activation of alpha7nAChRs through MAPK, NF-kappaB, and c-myc pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	74-83
17008886-8	2007	Nicotine significantly decreased IL-8 and -6 release by HMEC-1 maintained in both patients" and controls" sera, but only IL-6 release by keratinocytes maintained in patients" sera.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	33-44
17008886-9	2007	VEGF release by both cells was markedly increased after nicotine treatment in either serum.	Nicotine	56-64	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	0-4
17008886-11	2007	The phytoestrogen biochanin A alone and in combination with nicotine further decreased the secretion of IL-8, -6, and VEGF in all experimental settings.	Nicotine	60-68	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	104-108
17008886-11	2007	The phytoestrogen biochanin A alone and in combination with nicotine further decreased the secretion of IL-8, -6, and VEGF in all experimental settings.	Nicotine	60-68	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	118-122
16906354-2	2007	In the present work we reviewed recent advances concerning neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects of acute or chronic nicotine exposure, and the signalling pathways mediating these effects, including mechanisms implicated in nicotine addiction and nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	116-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	246-251
16906354-3	2007	Experimental and clinical data largely indicate long-lasting effects of nicotine and nicotinic agonists that imply a neuroprotective/neurotrophic role of nAChR activation, involving mainly alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR subtypes, as evidenced using selective nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
17657162-7	2007	Indeed, nicotine caused oxygen free radical production as well as activation of Rho A and NF-kappaB pathways, evaluated by malondialdehyde levels, pulldown assay and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively.	Nicotine	8-16	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	80-85
17657162-7	2007	Indeed, nicotine caused oxygen free radical production as well as activation of Rho A and NF-kappaB pathways, evaluated by malondialdehyde levels, pulldown assay and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively.	Nicotine	8-16	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	90-99
17657162-8	2007	Superoxide dimutase, Rho A (Y-27639) and NF-kappaB inhibitors (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium, Bay 11-7082) suppressed nicotine effects on CAM expression.	Nicotine	125-133	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	21-26
17657162-8	2007	Superoxide dimutase, Rho A (Y-27639) and NF-kappaB inhibitors (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium, Bay 11-7082) suppressed nicotine effects on CAM expression.	Nicotine	125-133	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	41-50
17657162-8	2007	Superoxide dimutase, Rho A (Y-27639) and NF-kappaB inhibitors (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium, Bay 11-7082) suppressed nicotine effects on CAM expression.	Nicotine	125-133	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	145-148
17657162-9	2007	HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors prevented these nicotine-mediated effects by inhibiting free radical generation and by modulating activation of Rho A and NF-kappaB pathways.	Nicotine	45-53	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	141-146
17657162-9	2007	HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors prevented these nicotine-mediated effects by inhibiting free radical generation and by modulating activation of Rho A and NF-kappaB pathways.	Nicotine	45-53	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	151-160
17657162-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine promotes CAM expression on HCAECs, shifting them toward a proatherosclerotic state.	Nicotine	13-21	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	31-34
16794563-1	2007	Our previous genetic studies demonstrated that variants of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid B receptor subunit 2 (GPR51) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) genes are significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in smokers.	Nicotine	213-221	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-164
16794563-1	2007	Our previous genetic studies demonstrated that variants of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid B receptor subunit 2 (GPR51) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) genes are significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in smokers.	Nicotine	213-221	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
16794563-3	2007	In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of nicotine on the expression of Gpr51 and Ntrk2 in seven rat brain regions during the administration of nicotine in a daily dose of 3.15 mg/kg for 7 days.	Nicotine	56-64	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
16794563-6	2007	Similarly, the mRNA level of Ntrk2 was enhanced by nicotine in the striatum (86%) and PFC (38%), but decreased in the NA (-46%) and ventral tegmental area (VTA; -49%).	Nicotine	51-59	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17015027-0	2007	Nicotine activates cell-signaling pathways through muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in non-small cell lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-109
17015027-1	2007	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are expressed on non-neuronal cell types, including normal bronchial epithelial cells, and nicotine has been reported to cause Akt activation in cultured normal airway cells.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
17015027-1	2007	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are expressed on non-neuronal cell types, including normal bronchial epithelial cells, and nicotine has been reported to cause Akt activation in cultured normal airway cells.	Nicotine	133-141	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	169-172
17015027-9	2007	Nicotine at a concentration of 10 microM caused phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p44/42) that could be inhibited using nAChR antagonists.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
17015027-11	2007	Akt was also phosphorylated in NSCLC cells after exposure to nicotine; this effect was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and antagonists to the neuronal-type nAChR, but not to the muscle-type receptor.	Nicotine	61-69	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
17015027-11	2007	Akt was also phosphorylated in NSCLC cells after exposure to nicotine; this effect was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and antagonists to the neuronal-type nAChR, but not to the muscle-type receptor.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
17015027-13	2007	273T cells also showed greater activation of p44/42 MAPK than of Akt in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
18409290-1	2007	An interaction between a vasoconstrictive factor--endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nicotine is currently a subject of investigations.	Nicotine	74-82	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	42-62
18409290-1	2007	An interaction between a vasoconstrictive factor--endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nicotine is currently a subject of investigations.	Nicotine	74-82	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
17181167-1	2006	A series of potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands based on a 3,8-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane core have been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and agonist efficacy at the human high affinity nicotine recognition site (halpha4beta2) and in a rat model of persistent nociceptive pain (formalin model).	Nicotine	220-228	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
17151781-9	2006	In the presence of nicotine, expression of uPA, PAI-1, or TIMP-1, 2, 3, or 4 did not change over 14 d of culture, whereas expression of tPA increased significantly by day 7.	Nicotine	19-27	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	43-46
17151781-9	2006	In the presence of nicotine, expression of uPA, PAI-1, or TIMP-1, 2, 3, or 4 did not change over 14 d of culture, whereas expression of tPA increased significantly by day 7.	Nicotine	19-27	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	58-70
17151781-9	2006	In the presence of nicotine, expression of uPA, PAI-1, or TIMP-1, 2, 3, or 4 did not change over 14 d of culture, whereas expression of tPA increased significantly by day 7.	Nicotine	19-27	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	136-139
17151781-11	2006	These results suggest that nicotine stimulates bone matrix turnover by increasing production of tPA and MMP-1, 2, 3, and 13, thereby tipping the balance between bone matrix formation and resorption toward the latter process.	Nicotine	27-35	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	96-99
17156388-0	2006	Chronic nicotine-induced switch in Src-family kinase signaling for long-term potentiation induction in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells.	Nicotine	8-16	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	35-38
17156388-1	2006	Here, we show that chronic nicotine exposure induces changes in Src signaling for the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function and LTP induction in CA1 pyramidal cells.	Nicotine	27-35	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	64-67
17156388-5	2006	Interestingly, another Src-family kinase potentiated NMDAR responses after, but not before, chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	100-108	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	23-26
17156388-10	2006	In contrast, in chronic nicotine-treated pyramidal cells, applying exogenous Src had no effect on AMPAR-mediated responses and a tetanus-induced LTP.	Nicotine	24-32	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	77-80
17156388-13	2006	Thus, it appears that chronic nicotine exposure recruits another member of the Src-family for the regulation of NMDAR function and LTP induction.	Nicotine	30-38	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	79-82
16966384-4	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine inhibited the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes, and the production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by PBMC.	Nicotine	36-44	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	154-163
16966384-4	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine inhibited the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes, and the production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by PBMC.	Nicotine	36-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	169-178
16966384-6	2006	It is reported that nicotine induces prostaglandinE2 (PGE(2)) production in PBMC through the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression.	Nicotine	20-28	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	110-132
16966384-8	2006	Consistent with this, we found that COX-2 and PKA inhibitors prevented the effects of nicotine on adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production, indicating that the mechanism of action of nicotine may be via endogenous PGE(2) production.	Nicotine	86-94	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	36-41
16966384-8	2006	Consistent with this, we found that COX-2 and PKA inhibitors prevented the effects of nicotine on adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production, indicating that the mechanism of action of nicotine may be via endogenous PGE(2) production.	Nicotine	195-203	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	36-41
17082486-4	2007	Unexpectedly, nAChR antagonism not only abolished nicotine-induced HMVEC migration but also abolished migration induced by bFGF and attenuated migration induced by VEGF.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-19
17082486-5	2007	Transcriptional profiling identified gene expression programs which were concordantly regulated by all 3 angiogens (nicotine, VEGF, and bFGF), a notable feature of which includes corepression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), endogenous inhibitor of the redox regulator thioredoxin.	Nicotine	116-124	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	195-226
17082486-5	2007	Transcriptional profiling identified gene expression programs which were concordantly regulated by all 3 angiogens (nicotine, VEGF, and bFGF), a notable feature of which includes corepression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), endogenous inhibitor of the redox regulator thioredoxin.	Nicotine	116-124	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	228-233
17082486-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine promotes angiogenesis via stimulation of nAChR-dependent endothelial cell migration.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
17184203-0	2006	DOPA decarboxylase gene is associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	43-51	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	0-18
17184203-6	2006	RESULTS: To demonstrate the more powerful method, we re-analyzed an existing dataset, which confirmed the association of the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene on chromosome 7p11 with measures of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	191-199	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	125-143
17184203-6	2006	RESULTS: To demonstrate the more powerful method, we re-analyzed an existing dataset, which confirmed the association of the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene on chromosome 7p11 with measures of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	191-199	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	145-148
16927020-6	2006	Exposure of HGFs to nicotine, at concentrations similar to those found in the blood of habitual smokers, leads to the production of NO associated with the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression.	Nicotine	20-28	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	168-199
17657162-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: Real-time PCR showed that nicotine induced a dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels for vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).	Nicotine	47-55	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	109-146
17657162-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: Real-time PCR showed that nicotine induced a dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels for vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).	Nicotine	47-55	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	148-154
17657162-5	2007	Fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis showed that nicotine induced expression of functionally active VCAM-1/ICAM-1, since they increased leukocyte adherence to HCAECs.	Nicotine	56-64	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	107-113
16927020-6	2006	Exposure of HGFs to nicotine, at concentrations similar to those found in the blood of habitual smokers, leads to the production of NO associated with the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression.	Nicotine	20-28	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	201-205
16927020-8	2006	Finally, we show by different approaches that the inhibition of cell death by nicotine through NO release is related to modulation of caspase-1 activation.	Nicotine	78-86	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	134-143
16832659-9	2006	RESULTS: Mean cortical 11C-nicotine binding significantly correlated with the results of attention tests [Digit Symbol test (r = -0.44 and p = 0.02) and Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) (r = 0.42 and p = 0.03)].	Nicotine	27-35	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	153-158
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-85
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
16949557-3	2006	To identify possible mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced changes in nAChR numbers and function, we defined changes in gene expression in neuron-like, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells following 24 h of continuous exposure to 1 mM nicotine.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
16949557-9	2006	These results suggest that longer-term physiological and psychological effects of nicotine exposure and changes in nAChR expression may be due in part to effects on gene expression initiated by interactions with nAChR.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	212-217
16873411-0	2006	Nicotine-induced enhancement of synaptic plasticity at CA3-CA1 synapses requires GABAergic interneurons in adult anti-NGF mice.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	55-58
16873411-5	2006	Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded in order to examine whether nicotine was able to regulate induction of long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices from adult anti-NGF transgenic mice (AD 11), a comprehensive animal model of AD, in which cholinergic deficits due to nerve growth factor depletion are accompanied by progressive Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration.	Nicotine	83-91	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	152-155
16942635-0	2006	The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB-277011A reduces nicotine-enhanced brain reward and nicotine-paired environmental cue functions.	Nicotine	65-73	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
16890364-6	2006	NR1 mRNA was significantly increased in the gracile and inferior olivary nucleus (ION) after nicotine exposure, in five of seven nuclei after IHH exposure, and in three of seven nuclei after nicotine+IHH.	Nicotine	93-101	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
16890364-6	2006	NR1 mRNA was significantly increased in the gracile and inferior olivary nucleus (ION) after nicotine exposure, in five of seven nuclei after IHH exposure, and in three of seven nuclei after nicotine+IHH.	Nicotine	191-199	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
16942759-4	2006	Here we determined if chronic nicotine treatment during a developmental period corresponding to the human third trimester regulates nAChR expression.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
16968406-5	2006	Pretreatment with low-dose nicotine caused inhibition of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha production, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes.	Nicotine	27-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-66
16968406-5	2006	Pretreatment with low-dose nicotine caused inhibition of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha production, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes.	Nicotine	27-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	137-146
16968406-5	2006	Pretreatment with low-dose nicotine caused inhibition of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha production, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes.	Nicotine	27-35	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	178-183
16942635-0	2006	The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB-277011A reduces nicotine-enhanced brain reward and nicotine-paired environmental cue functions.	Nicotine	100-108	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
16837557-2	2006	The present studies were done to determine whether long-term nicotine treatment also protected against striatal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) losses after nigrostriatal damage.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
16825297-1	2006	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) containing alpha4 subunits (alpha4*-nAChR) in combination with beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are among the most abundant, high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-53
16825297-1	2006	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) containing alpha4 subunits (alpha4*-nAChR) in combination with beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are among the most abundant, high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
16825297-11	2006	Diversity in alpha4*-nAChR is of potential relevance to nervous system function, disease, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
16837557-7	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment led to a small decrease in alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	8-16	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	54-72
16837557-7	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment led to a small decrease in alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
16837557-8	2006	The decline in alpha3/alpha6beta2* subtypes, defined using alpha-conotoxinMII-sensitive (125)I-epibatidine or [(125)I]A85380 binding, was significantly smaller in striatum of nicotine-treated lesioned monkeys compared with unlesioned monkeys.	Nicotine	175-183	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	15-33
16837557-10	2006	These data suggest that there are at least two striatal alpha3/alpha6beta2* subtypes that are differentially affected by chronic nicotine treatment in lesioned animals.	Nicotine	129-137	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	56-74
16837557-11	2006	In addition, the results showing an improvement in striatal alpha4beta2* and select alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR subtypes, combined with previous work, demonstrate that chronic nicotine treatment restores and/or protects against the loss of multiple molecular markers after nigrostriatal damage.	Nicotine	174-182	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	84-102
16837557-11	2006	In addition, the results showing an improvement in striatal alpha4beta2* and select alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR subtypes, combined with previous work, demonstrate that chronic nicotine treatment restores and/or protects against the loss of multiple molecular markers after nigrostriatal damage.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
16857741-8	2006	However, when it is pre-incubated for 10 min with the receptors, it potently blocks nicotine-stimulated alpha4beta2 nAChR function (IC50 approximately 30 nM).	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
16697079-10	2006	Western blot analysis showed a great reduction of 5-HT(1A) receptor expression in nicotine mice measured at t=0 (last day of treatment) and at 15 and 30 days after nicotine withdrawal compared to control mice.	Nicotine	82-90	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	50-67
16697079-10	2006	Western blot analysis showed a great reduction of 5-HT(1A) receptor expression in nicotine mice measured at t=0 (last day of treatment) and at 15 and 30 days after nicotine withdrawal compared to control mice.	Nicotine	164-172	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	50-67
16697079-11	2006	Our results show that (i) behavioural alterations estimated with forced swimming test and (ii) changes in diencephalic serotonin content and 5-HT(1A) receptor expression, are present since nicotine is withdrawn even after a long time, suggesting a role of serotonin in mood disorders eventually occurring following smoking cessation.	Nicotine	189-197	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	141-158
16401677-9	2006	Nicotine in cigarette smoke activated mast cells and induced TGF-beta1 expression in cultured fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-70
16980882-6	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine suppressed the expression of CD14, toll-like receptor 4, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, B7.1, and CD40 on monocytes and the production of TNF-alpha, but not interleukin 10, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of LPS.	Nicotine	36-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	187-196
16980882-8	2006	Therefore, nicotine might inhibit the LPS receptor complex expression via alpha7-nAChR, thus leading to a decrease in the adhesion molecule expression and TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	11-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-164
16980882-9	2006	Moreover, we demonstrated that a nuclear factor-kappaB and a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor mimicked the actions of nicotine in the presence of LPS.	Nicotine	132-140	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	61-64
16980882-10	2006	These results suggested that the nuclear factor-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase might be involved in the actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	132-140	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	59-62
16950157-6	2006	Consistent with reports that mutations resulting in hyperactivation of nAChRs can lead to neurodegeneration, aging lynx1 null mutant mice exhibit a vacuolating degeneration that is exacerbated by nicotine and ameliorated by null mutations in nAChRs.	Nicotine	196-204	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Mus musculus	115-120
16987213-9	2006	However, in CA3 principal cells of AD11 mice, the potentiating effect of nicotine on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents was prevented when Abeta peptide 1-42 was added to the extracellular solution.	Nicotine	73-81	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	12-15
16960420-2	2006	Nicotine is reported to induce prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in monocytes through the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	112-134
16960420-4	2006	COX-2 and PKA inhibitors prevented the action of nicotine, indicating that the mechanism of action of nicotine may be via endogenous PGE(2) production.	Nicotine	49-57	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	0-5
16960420-4	2006	COX-2 and PKA inhibitors prevented the action of nicotine, indicating that the mechanism of action of nicotine may be via endogenous PGE(2) production.	Nicotine	102-110	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	0-5
16960422-0	2006	Skin tests of a novel nicotine patch, PHK-301p, in healthy male volunteers: phase I, placebo-controlled study.	Nicotine	22-30	phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	38-41
16960422-2	2006	To assess the skin reaction of PHK-301p, a newly developed nicotine patch, we conducted a phase I study that consisted of 2 parts: a skin irritation test (48-h closed patch test) and a photosensitivity test (24-h closed patch test + Ultraviolet A irradiation).	Nicotine	59-67	phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
16960422-11	2006	From these results, we concluded that PHK-301p is an acceptable product as a nicotine patch.	Nicotine	77-85	phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	38-41
16762377-4	2006	Previous reports suggest the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway in the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	104-112	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	48-77
16762377-4	2006	Previous reports suggest the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway in the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	104-112	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
17105949-3	2006	Neurons in culture were exposed to 1 and 10 microM of nicotine in the presence and absence of nerve growth factor (NGF).	Nicotine	54-62	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	94-113
17105949-8	2006	Interestingly, when the neurons were pre-exposed to alpha-bungarotoxin (antagonist of alpha7 nAChR), exposure to 10 microM of nicotine resulted in significant increases not only in alpha7 nAChR (25.5%) but also in alpha3 nAChR (32.2%).	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17105949-8	2006	Interestingly, when the neurons were pre-exposed to alpha-bungarotoxin (antagonist of alpha7 nAChR), exposure to 10 microM of nicotine resulted in significant increases not only in alpha7 nAChR (25.5%) but also in alpha3 nAChR (32.2%).	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
17105949-8	2006	Interestingly, when the neurons were pre-exposed to alpha-bungarotoxin (antagonist of alpha7 nAChR), exposure to 10 microM of nicotine resulted in significant increases not only in alpha7 nAChR (25.5%) but also in alpha3 nAChR (32.2%).	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
17105949-9	2006	These results show that exposure to nicotine alters the nAChR levels differently in the neonatal sympathetic neurons in a subunit specific manner and suggest that the level of alpha7 as well as alpha3 nAChR is linked to the functional status of alpha7 nAChR in these neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
17105949-9	2006	These results show that exposure to nicotine alters the nAChR levels differently in the neonatal sympathetic neurons in a subunit specific manner and suggest that the level of alpha7 as well as alpha3 nAChR is linked to the functional status of alpha7 nAChR in these neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
17105949-9	2006	These results show that exposure to nicotine alters the nAChR levels differently in the neonatal sympathetic neurons in a subunit specific manner and suggest that the level of alpha7 as well as alpha3 nAChR is linked to the functional status of alpha7 nAChR in these neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
16862215-0	2006	Nicotine induces cell proliferation by beta-arrestin-mediated activation of Src and Rb-Raf-1 pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	76-79
16862215-3	2006	Here we find that mitogenic effects of nicotine in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are analogous to those of growth factors and involve activation of Src, induction of Rb-Raf-1 interaction, and phosphorylation of Rb.	Nicotine	39-47	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	155-158
16862215-9	2006	It appears that nicotine induces cell proliferation by beta-arrestin-mediated activation of the Src and Rb-Raf-1 pathways.	Nicotine	16-24	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	96-99
17064351-1	2006	Acute nicotine administration has been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulate secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone/cortisol and beta-endorphin (beta-END) in both rodents and humans, raising the possibility that activation of the HPA axis by nicotine may mediate some of the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	6-14	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	160-164
17064351-1	2006	Acute nicotine administration has been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulate secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone/cortisol and beta-endorphin (beta-END) in both rodents and humans, raising the possibility that activation of the HPA axis by nicotine may mediate some of the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	6-14	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	195-209
17064351-1	2006	Acute nicotine administration has been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulate secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone/cortisol and beta-endorphin (beta-END) in both rodents and humans, raising the possibility that activation of the HPA axis by nicotine may mediate some of the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	6-14	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	211-219
17064351-4	2006	Repeated exposure to stress increased the ability of nicotine to stimulate plasma ACTH (p<0.05) and beta-END (p<0.05), but not corticosterone secretion.	Nicotine	53-61	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	82-86
17064351-4	2006	Repeated exposure to stress increased the ability of nicotine to stimulate plasma ACTH (p<0.05) and beta-END (p<0.05), but not corticosterone secretion.	Nicotine	53-61	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	103-111
16846598-0	2006	Nicotine-induced upregulation of human neuronal nicotinic alpha7-receptors is potentiated by modulation of cAMP and PKC in SH-EP1-halpha7 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	116-119
16846598-5	2006	Down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) with a phorbol ester abolishes the nicotine-induced upregulation of alpha7-nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	77-85	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	37-40
16846598-6	2006	Furthermore, overexpression of PKCalpha in SH-EP1-halpha7 cells results in potentiation of nicotine-evoked upregulation indicating that PKC has a role in regulation of alpha7-nicotinic receptor number.	Nicotine	91-99	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	31-39
16846598-6	2006	Furthermore, overexpression of PKCalpha in SH-EP1-halpha7 cells results in potentiation of nicotine-evoked upregulation indicating that PKC has a role in regulation of alpha7-nicotinic receptor number.	Nicotine	91-99	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	31-34
16846598-8	2006	Taken together this study provides evidence that nicotine induces accumulation of cAMP and that the upregulation mechanisms of alpha7-nicotinic receptors are potentiated both by cAMP and PKC.	Nicotine	49-57	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	187-190
16740595-1	2006	We report here a study considering association of alleles and haplotypes at the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) locus with the DSM-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence (ND) or a quantitative measure for ND using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	140-148	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	80-98
16740595-1	2006	We report here a study considering association of alleles and haplotypes at the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) locus with the DSM-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence (ND) or a quantitative measure for ND using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	140-148	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	100-103
16740595-1	2006	We report here a study considering association of alleles and haplotypes at the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) locus with the DSM-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence (ND) or a quantitative measure for ND using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	228-236	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	80-98
16740595-1	2006	We report here a study considering association of alleles and haplotypes at the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) locus with the DSM-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence (ND) or a quantitative measure for ND using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	228-236	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	100-103
16679323-2	2006	We have recently discovered that Bax phosphorylation at serine 184 induced by nicotine through activation of protein kinase AKT abolishes its proapoptotic function in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	78-86	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	33-36
16679323-2	2006	We have recently discovered that Bax phosphorylation at serine 184 induced by nicotine through activation of protein kinase AKT abolishes its proapoptotic function in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	78-86	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
16575903-6	2006	Recombinant SLURP-2 (rSLURP-2) competed with nicotinic radioligands for binding to keratinocytes, showing a higher affinity to the [3H]epibatidine- than [3H]nicotine-labeled sites.	Nicotine	157-165	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	12-19
16805793-2	2006	Nicotine produced time (> 12 h)- and concentration (EC(50) 3.6 and 13 microm)-dependent increases in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 levels by approximately 125 and 105%, without altering cell surface density of insulin receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin receptor substrate 2	Bos taurus	143-148
16805793-5	2006	Nicotine phosphorylated cPKC-alpha, thereby increasing phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2, as demonstrated by using Go6976, PD98059 or U0126.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Bos taurus	79-83
16622038-0	2006	Differential regulation of mesolimbic alpha 3/alpha 6 beta 2 and alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor sites and function after long-term oral nicotine to monkeys.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	38-45
16622038-3	2006	We determined the effects of nicotine treatment on function and binding of the alpha3/alpha6beta2* and alpha4beta2* nAChRs subtypes in nucleus accumbens, a region directly implicated in the addictive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	79-97
16622038-3	2006	We determined the effects of nicotine treatment on function and binding of the alpha3/alpha6beta2* and alpha4beta2* nAChRs subtypes in nucleus accumbens, a region directly implicated in the addictive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	211-219	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	79-97
16622038-8	2006	Thus, these data are distinct from previous results in striatum in which the same nicotine treatment paradigm decreased striatal alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR sites and function.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	129-147
16767415-0	2006	Alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor stimulation contributes to the effects of nicotine in the DBA/2 mouse model of sensory gating.	Nicotine	73-81	DBA2	Homo sapiens	89-94
16767415-1	2006	RATIONALE: Nicotine improves the deficiencies of sensory gating function in schizophrenic patients and in dilute brown non-Agouti (DBA/2) mice.	Nicotine	11-19	DBA2	Homo sapiens	131-136
16767415-3	2006	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the activation of another nAChR subtype, the central nervous system (CNS) prominent alpha4beta2 receptor, also contributes to the effects of nicotine on sensory gating in DBA/2 mice.	Nicotine	199-207	DBA2	Homo sapiens	229-234
16644474-6	2006	Moreover, calcium chelator BAPTA, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced the production of nicotine-activated surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin and both of the remained levels were no longer regulated by estrogen.	Nicotine	123-131	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	34-40
16679323-6	2006	Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A/C) suppressed nicotine-stimulated Bax phosphorylation in association with increased apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	65-73	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	85-88
16644474-6	2006	Moreover, calcium chelator BAPTA, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced the production of nicotine-activated surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin and both of the remained levels were no longer regulated by estrogen.	Nicotine	123-131	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
16644474-6	2006	Moreover, calcium chelator BAPTA, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced the production of nicotine-activated surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin and both of the remained levels were no longer regulated by estrogen.	Nicotine	123-131	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	158-164
16644474-7	2006	Our study here provides the information of decrease effect of mER-mediated estrogen through Ca2+ and ERK1/2, p38 MAPK signaling pathway on nicotine-stimulated expression of surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs.	Nicotine	139-147	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
16644474-7	2006	Our study here provides the information of decrease effect of mER-mediated estrogen through Ca2+ and ERK1/2, p38 MAPK signaling pathway on nicotine-stimulated expression of surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs.	Nicotine	139-147	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
16644474-7	2006	Our study here provides the information of decrease effect of mER-mediated estrogen through Ca2+ and ERK1/2, p38 MAPK signaling pathway on nicotine-stimulated expression of surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs.	Nicotine	139-147	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	113-117
16644474-7	2006	Our study here provides the information of decrease effect of mER-mediated estrogen through Ca2+ and ERK1/2, p38 MAPK signaling pathway on nicotine-stimulated expression of surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs.	Nicotine	139-147	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	189-195
16652343-3	2006	Here we report that, in rat primary cultured microglia, nicotine enhances P2X(7) receptor-mediated TNF release, whilst suppressing LPS-induced TNF release but without affecting TNF mRNA expression via activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7 nAChRs).	Nicotine	56-64	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
16652343-3	2006	Here we report that, in rat primary cultured microglia, nicotine enhances P2X(7) receptor-mediated TNF release, whilst suppressing LPS-induced TNF release but without affecting TNF mRNA expression via activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7 nAChRs).	Nicotine	56-64	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	144-152	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	144-152	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
16652343-3	2006	Here we report that, in rat primary cultured microglia, nicotine enhances P2X(7) receptor-mediated TNF release, whilst suppressing LPS-induced TNF release but without affecting TNF mRNA expression via activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7 nAChRs).	Nicotine	56-64	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	144-152	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	10-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	10-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	10-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
16431111-1	2006	Back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained on a dataset of 42 molecules with quantitative IC50 values to model structure-activity relationships of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release.	Nicotine	287-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-268
16485261-4	2006	In this study, we have examined the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on alpha7 and beta2 nAChR subunits in vitro in cell lines and in vivo in mouse striatum.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
16431111-11	2006	The application of the ANN QSAR model has led to the successful discovery of six new compounds in this study with experimental IC50 values of less than 0.1 microM at nAChR subtypes responsible for mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release, demonstrating that the ANN QSAR model is a valuable aid to drug discovery.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
16716121-5	2006	Membrane array analysis subsequently suggested that both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signalings but not p38 MAPK signaling were activated in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	211-219	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	57-104
16716121-5	2006	Membrane array analysis subsequently suggested that both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signalings but not p38 MAPK signaling were activated in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	211-219	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	109-136
16716121-5	2006	Membrane array analysis subsequently suggested that both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signalings but not p38 MAPK signaling were activated in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	211-219	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	138-141
16716121-6	2006	Pretreatment of HBECs with specific inhibitors against ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 could significantly inhibit nicotine-induced interleukin- 8 production.	Nicotine	111-119	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	55-62
16716121-6	2006	Pretreatment of HBECs with specific inhibitors against ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 could significantly inhibit nicotine-induced interleukin- 8 production.	Nicotine	111-119	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	67-70
16716121-6	2006	Pretreatment of HBECs with specific inhibitors against ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 could significantly inhibit nicotine-induced interleukin- 8 production.	Nicotine	111-119	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	128-142
16716121-7	2006	These results suggest that MAPK pathway may mediate the effect of nicotine through ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 in HBECs treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	83-90
16716121-7	2006	These results suggest that MAPK pathway may mediate the effect of nicotine through ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 in HBECs treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	95-98
16716121-7	2006	These results suggest that MAPK pathway may mediate the effect of nicotine through ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 in HBECs treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	133-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	83-90
16716121-7	2006	These results suggest that MAPK pathway may mediate the effect of nicotine through ERK 1/2 and JNK but not p38 in HBECs treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	133-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	95-98
16612252-8	2006	We also stimulated norepinephrine secretion by other chromaffin cell agonists: catestatin blocked norepinephrine release induced by nicotine, but not by other agents (such as membrane depolarization) acting at later stages in the secretory pathway, nor by agents acting on other receptor classes.	Nicotine	132-140	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	79-89
16463401-4	2006	Our data suggest that activation of nAChRs, quite likely via PKA, increase the activity of the SERT in the PFC and, thereby, can alter 5-HT levels in a region important in the behavioral effects of nicotine and 5-HT.	Nicotine	198-206	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
16808802-9	2006	During abstinence, the type I procollagen level increased by 18% in the transdermal nicotine patches group and decreased by 10% in the placebo group (p<0.05).	Nicotine	84-92	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	23-41
16452470-0	2006	Prolonged activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein and ATF-2 needed for nicotine-triggered elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	83-91	activating transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
16539839-6	2006	Treatment of HGF with nicotine was shown to mediate COX-2 protein expression.	Nicotine	22-30	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
16539839-7	2006	Pretreatment with OTZ decreased nicotine-induced COX-2 protein level by approximately 60 % (P<0.05).	Nicotine	32-40	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
16539839-8	2006	However, BSO enhanced nicotine-induced COX-2 protein level up to approximately 3-fold (P<0.05).	Nicotine	22-30	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
16539839-9	2006	Treatment of HGF with PD98059 decreased nicotine-induced COX-2 protein expression.	Nicotine	40-48	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	57-62
16539839-11	2006	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking associated-periodontitis via the activation of COX-2 which is augmented by oxidative stress and mediated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling.	Nicotine	12-20	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	137-142
16311047-8	2006	In vitro CRH, ACTH, and CORT responses to nicotine were significantly increased at 10 min and returned to baseline by 30 min, the CRH and ACTH responses from female tissues being greater than responses from male tissues.	Nicotine	42-50	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
16311047-8	2006	In vitro CRH, ACTH, and CORT responses to nicotine were significantly increased at 10 min and returned to baseline by 30 min, the CRH and ACTH responses from female tissues being greater than responses from male tissues.	Nicotine	42-50	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
16598845-4	2006	In the present study, we designed a nicotine-apoptosis system, by pre-treatment of nicotine making lung cancer cell A549 to be in a physiological nicotine environment, and observed that nicotine promoted cell proliferation and prevented the menadione-induced apoptosis, and exerts its role of anti-apoptosis by shift of apoptotic stage induced by menadione from late apoptotic stage to early apoptotic stage, in which NF-kappaB was up-regulated.	Nicotine	36-44	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	418-427
16598845-5	2006	Interference analysis of NF-kappaB in A549 cells showed that knock down of NF-kappaB resulted in apoptosis promotion and counteracted the protective effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	159-167	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	25-34
16598845-5	2006	Interference analysis of NF-kappaB in A549 cells showed that knock down of NF-kappaB resulted in apoptosis promotion and counteracted the protective effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	159-167	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	75-84
16598845-6	2006	The findings suggest that nicotine has potential effect in lung cancer genesis, especially in patients with undetectable early tumor development and development of specific NF-kappaB inhibitors would represent a potentially exciting new pharmacotherapy for tobacco-related lung cancer.	Nicotine	26-34	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	173-182
16452470-7	2006	There was a delayed elevation of P-ATF-2 after 1 h of nicotine treatment, accompanied by increased ATF-2 protein.	Nicotine	54-62	activating transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
16452470-11	2006	Knockdown of ATF-2 or CREB with siRNA did not alter basal TH promoter activity or mRNA but greatly attenuated the response to nicotine.	Nicotine	126-134	activating transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
16452470-12	2006	The results suggest that both ATF-2 and CREB mediate activation of TH gene transcription by nicotine.	Nicotine	92-100	activating transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
16368115-0	2006	Regional and cellular distribution of CYP2E1 in monkey brain and its induction by chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	38-44
16772751-4	2006	The neuroprotective effect of nicotine, presumably mediated via nicotinic receptors, against beta-amyloid (Abeta) toxicity and its effect on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Abeta production has previously been established.	Nicotine	30-38	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	107-112
16772751-4	2006	The neuroprotective effect of nicotine, presumably mediated via nicotinic receptors, against beta-amyloid (Abeta) toxicity and its effect on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Abeta production has previously been established.	Nicotine	30-38	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	141-166
16772751-4	2006	The neuroprotective effect of nicotine, presumably mediated via nicotinic receptors, against beta-amyloid (Abeta) toxicity and its effect on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Abeta production has previously been established.	Nicotine	30-38	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	177-182
16434548-0	2006	Induction and recovery time course of rat brain CYP2E1 after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	61-69	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-54
16434548-2	2006	Nicotine from tobacco smoke may contribute to the enhanced hepatic CYP2E1 activity in smokers.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	67-73
16434548-3	2006	We have previously shown that chronic nicotine treatment can increase CYP2E1 in rat liver and brain.	Nicotine	38-46	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
16434548-4	2006	In this study, induction of brain CYP2E1 was assessed after a single acute or a 7-day chronic treatment with saline or nicotine (1 mg/kg s.c.), with sacrifice performed at various times after the last injection.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
16434548-7	2006	Thus, humans exposed to nicotine may have altered CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of centrally acting drugs and toxins as well as altered toxicity because of oxidative stress caused by CYP2E1.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
16434548-7	2006	Thus, humans exposed to nicotine may have altered CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of centrally acting drugs and toxins as well as altered toxicity because of oxidative stress caused by CYP2E1.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	180-186
16368115-3	2006	Hepatic CYP2E1 is inducible by nicotine, and cigarette smoke accelerates chlorzoxazone metabolism.	Nicotine	31-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	8-14
16368115-7	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment induced CYP2E1 expression in the frontal cortex (1.5-fold, P < 0.05) and cerebellum (1.5-fold, P < 0.01), specifically in cortical pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells but no change was seen in temporal cortex (P = 0.20), hippocampus (P = 0.29), putamen (P = 0.26) and thalamus (P = 0.08).	Nicotine	8-16	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	35-41
16368115-8	2006	CYP2E1 expression pattern in monkey brain following chronic nicotine treatment is similar to that in smokers, suggesting that nicotine may be the primary component in cigarette smoke that induces CYP2E1.	Nicotine	60-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
16368115-8	2006	CYP2E1 expression pattern in monkey brain following chronic nicotine treatment is similar to that in smokers, suggesting that nicotine may be the primary component in cigarette smoke that induces CYP2E1.	Nicotine	60-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	196-202
16368115-8	2006	CYP2E1 expression pattern in monkey brain following chronic nicotine treatment is similar to that in smokers, suggesting that nicotine may be the primary component in cigarette smoke that induces CYP2E1.	Nicotine	126-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
16368115-8	2006	CYP2E1 expression pattern in monkey brain following chronic nicotine treatment is similar to that in smokers, suggesting that nicotine may be the primary component in cigarette smoke that induces CYP2E1.	Nicotine	126-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	196-202
16545369-0	2006	Activation of orexin neurons by acute nicotine.	Nicotine	38-46	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
16325875-5	2006	A likely possibility is that nicotine turns off the production of TNF-alpha by the macrophages in the lungs, rendering the patient more susceptible to the development of progressive disease from latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.	Nicotine	29-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-75
16430929-8	2006	Nicotine treatment, which can improve working memory, eliminated the impairment associated with the deletion of the MT-1 and MT-2 genes in a dose-related fashion after acquisition training in the aging adult mice.	Nicotine	0-8	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	116-129
16545369-4	2006	Nicotine increased the percentage of orexin neurons expressing Fos without a significant effect on non-orexin neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	37-43
16545369-6	2006	The orexin system is likely to play an important role in the coordination of physiological and behavioral responses to acute nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	125-133	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
16564510-9	2006	Thus, the consolidation of LTP appears to be the interruption of signaling leading to NR2A-containing NMDAR-dependent activation of protein phosphatases, which can be circumvented by nicotine-induced signaling.	Nicotine	183-191	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	86-90
16496293-8	2006	Mechanisms contributing to deficient hypoxia response include the ability of nicotine to act as a cholinergic stimulant through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-160
16361262-6	2006	Nicotine also induces activation of c-Src, which is a known PKCiota upstream kinase.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	36-41
16496293-8	2006	Mechanisms contributing to deficient hypoxia response include the ability of nicotine to act as a cholinergic stimulant through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
16257255-5	2006	They also inhibited the surface/soluble VCAM-1, E-selectin production of HUVECs modulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
16500770-0	2006	Nicotine treatment alters NF-kappaB expression in human cytomegalovirus-infected ARPE-19 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	26-35
16500770-5	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of HCMV-infected ARPE-19 cells with nicotine at a physiologic dose dampened the downregulation of NF-kappaB observed in HCMV-infected ARPE-19 cells without nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	59-67	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	121-130
16257255-2	2006	The result showed that nicotine could induce surface/soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and endothelial selectin (E-selectin) expression in a time-response decline manner and the peak appeared at 15 min.	Nicotine	23-31	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	94-100
16254210-5	2006	We quantified 18 different serum cytokines and found a significant increase of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine in nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	165-173	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	79-106
16254210-5	2006	We quantified 18 different serum cytokines and found a significant increase of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine in nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	165-173	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	108-125
16254210-6	2006	Among 107 nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) target genes screened from the aorta, we found that nicotine treatment upregulated only 4 atherogenic genes including vascular adhesion molecule 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 on day 60 and platelet-derived growth factor B and platelet 12-lipoxygenase on day 90.	Nicotine	96-104	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	25-31
16254210-6	2006	Among 107 nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) target genes screened from the aorta, we found that nicotine treatment upregulated only 4 atherogenic genes including vascular adhesion molecule 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 on day 60 and platelet-derived growth factor B and platelet 12-lipoxygenase on day 90.	Nicotine	96-104	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	33-42
16254210-7	2006	At the cellular level, nicotine induced tumor necrosis factor alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	23-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	40-67
16254210-9	2006	Finally, we showed that preconditioned medium from nicotine-treated RAW264.7 cells activated NF-kappaB in human smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells as evidenced by nuclear localization and electromobility shift assay.	Nicotine	51-59	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	93-102
16254210-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic nicotine exposure augments atherosclerosis by enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, which, in turn, activate atherogenic NF-kappaB target genes in the aortic lesions.	Nicotine	21-29	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	174-183
16845181-0	2006	Nicotine enhances human vascular endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB, and AP-1.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
16845181-0	2006	Nicotine enhances human vascular endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB, and AP-1.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	104-140
16845181-3	2006	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on the expression of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in endothelial cells and to determine the involvement of important known intermediaries, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	152-192
16845181-3	2006	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on the expression of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in endothelial cells and to determine the involvement of important known intermediaries, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1.	Nicotine	53-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	306-342
16845181-3	2006	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on the expression of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in endothelial cells and to determine the involvement of important known intermediaries, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1.	Nicotine	53-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	344-352
16845181-6	2006	We observed that nicotine increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a peak at 6 h. p38 MAPK was activated after 5 min exposure to 10-8 mol/L nicotine and returned to baseline levels by 30 min.	Nicotine	17-25	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	65-71
16845181-6	2006	We observed that nicotine increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a peak at 6 h. p38 MAPK was activated after 5 min exposure to 10-8 mol/L nicotine and returned to baseline levels by 30 min.	Nicotine	17-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	92-100
16845181-6	2006	We observed that nicotine increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a peak at 6 h. p38 MAPK was activated after 5 min exposure to 10-8 mol/L nicotine and returned to baseline levels by 30 min.	Nicotine	150-158	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	65-71
16845181-6	2006	We observed that nicotine increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a peak at 6 h. p38 MAPK was activated after 5 min exposure to 10-8 mol/L nicotine and returned to baseline levels by 30 min.	Nicotine	150-158	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	92-100
16845181-9	2006	Inhibitors of p38 MAPK, PKC, and NF-kappaB suppressed nicotine-stimulated expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	54-62	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	14-17
16845181-9	2006	Inhibitors of p38 MAPK, PKC, and NF-kappaB suppressed nicotine-stimulated expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	54-62	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
16845181-10	2006	Our results indicate that nicotine enhances the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface via a second messenger pathway which involves PKC and p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in increased expression of these cellular adhesion molecules.	Nicotine	26-34	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	73-79
16845181-10	2006	Our results indicate that nicotine enhances the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface via a second messenger pathway which involves PKC and p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in increased expression of these cellular adhesion molecules.	Nicotine	26-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	166-174
16472136-2	2006	Over recent years, the application of newly developed molecular and cellular biological techniques has made it possible to correlate the subunit composition of nAChRs with specific nicotine-elicited behaviours, and refine some of the in vivo physiological functions of nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	181-189	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
16539839-0	2006	Regulation of nicotine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	14-22	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	31-47
16539839-1	2006	AIM: Activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	58-66	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	19-35
16539839-1	2006	AIM: Activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	58-66	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
16539839-1	2006	AIM: Activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	97-105	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	19-35
16539839-1	2006	AIM: Activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	97-105	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
16539839-2	2006	The aim of this study was to investigate whether chemical interactions can modulate nicotine-induced COX-2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).	Nicotine	84-92	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
16450214-1	2006	PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to identify specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms involvement in K(+) transport mediated at altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) response to stroke conditions with prior nicotine exposure, which provides ways to intervene pharmacologically in PKC-mediated molecular pathways that could lead to effective treatment for smoking stroke patients.	Nicotine	203-211	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	72-75
16450214-1	2006	PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to identify specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms involvement in K(+) transport mediated at altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) response to stroke conditions with prior nicotine exposure, which provides ways to intervene pharmacologically in PKC-mediated molecular pathways that could lead to effective treatment for smoking stroke patients.	Nicotine	203-211	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	276-279
16450214-2	2006	METHODS: Changes in PKC isoform levels were studied in the cytosolic and membrane fractions of bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells subjected to stroke conditions as well as nicotine/cotinine exposure.	Nicotine	180-188	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	20-23
16450214-4	2006	RESULTS: Membrane-bound PKCalpha, PKCbetaI, and PKCepsilon levels were increased after 6 h hypoxia/aglycemia, and this was attenuated by 24-h nicotine/cotinine exposure.	Nicotine	142-150	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	24-32
16594641-2	2006	Nicotine is a lipophilic molecule whose effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been primarily focused on its physiologic impact within the confines of the brain and peripheral nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-93
16594641-2	2006	Nicotine is a lipophilic molecule whose effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been primarily focused on its physiologic impact within the confines of the brain and peripheral nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
16219421-0	2006	Subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors involved in nicotine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	67-75	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	103-148
16219421-5	2006	Mecamylamine, dextromethorphan and 18-methoxycoronaridine inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation with much higher affinity than dihydro-beta-erythroidine and alpha-conotoxin MII.	Nicotine	68-76	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
17168719-6	2006	Moreover, it has been recently reported that nicotine in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, potently induces Bad phosphorylation at serine (S)112, S136 and S155 in a mechanism involving activation of MAPKs, ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT and PKA through the linking to alpha7-receptors [9].	Nicotine	45-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	204-210
17168719-6	2006	Moreover, it has been recently reported that nicotine in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, potently induces Bad phosphorylation at serine (S)112, S136 and S155 in a mechanism involving activation of MAPKs, ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT and PKA through the linking to alpha7-receptors [9].	Nicotine	45-53	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	217-220
17168719-10	2006	Furthermore apoptosis mechanisms are under the control of the cholinergic system (nicotine antiapoptotic via induction of NF-kappaB complexes and phosphorylation of Bad at S112, curare proapoptotic via G0-G1 arrest p21waf-1-dependent, but p53-independent) [16].	Nicotine	82-90	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	239-242
16332510-5	2006	In the present study, the combined effects of nicotine and bacterial LPS on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, GRO-alpha and MCP-1 in cell lines of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and pulmonary monocytes (THP-1) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA.	Nicotine	46-54	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	94-98
16332510-5	2006	In the present study, the combined effects of nicotine and bacterial LPS on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, GRO-alpha and MCP-1 in cell lines of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and pulmonary monocytes (THP-1) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA.	Nicotine	46-54	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	120-125
16332510-6	2006	Results showed that nicotine suppressed the LPS induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 in both cell lines.	Nicotine	20-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
16332510-6	2006	Results showed that nicotine suppressed the LPS induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 in both cell lines.	Nicotine	20-28	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	79-83
17288193-1	2006	An evident influence of nicotine on vasoconstrictive and mitogenic peptide-- endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis and expression of its receptors was observed in experimental investigations.	Nicotine	24-32	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	77-89
17288193-1	2006	An evident influence of nicotine on vasoconstrictive and mitogenic peptide-- endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis and expression of its receptors was observed in experimental investigations.	Nicotine	24-32	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
17288193-2	2006	The aim of this study was ET-1 concentration assessment in patients with essential arterial hypertension, regarding nicotine action as ET-1 production stimulant.	Nicotine	116-124	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
17288193-2	2006	The aim of this study was ET-1 concentration assessment in patients with essential arterial hypertension, regarding nicotine action as ET-1 production stimulant.	Nicotine	116-124	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
17288193-7	2006	These results may be explained by presented in this paper mechanisms of nicotine on ET-1 influence.	Nicotine	72-80	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
16428206-1	2006	Nicotine-induced expression of P-selectin is implicated in endothelial cell damage related to smoking.	Nicotine	0-8	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
16084497-0	2005	DARPP-32 phosphorylation opposes the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	59-67	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	0-8
16084497-2	2005	Because post-synaptic neurons within the striatum contain high levels of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), we hypothesized that DARPP-32 may functionally contribute to the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	230-238	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	77-130
16084497-2	2005	Because post-synaptic neurons within the striatum contain high levels of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), we hypothesized that DARPP-32 may functionally contribute to the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	230-238	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	132-140
16084497-2	2005	Because post-synaptic neurons within the striatum contain high levels of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), we hypothesized that DARPP-32 may functionally contribute to the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	230-238	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	164-172
16084497-9	2005	Systemic injections of nicotine resulted in increased striatal DARPP-32 phosphorylation at threonine34 and threonine75.	Nicotine	23-31	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	63-71
16084497-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: DARPP-32 opposes the behavioral effects of nicotine possibly via concurrent phosphorylation at the two threonine sites.	Nicotine	56-64	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	13-21
16207711-1	2005	Cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A6 is an important human enzyme involved in the metabolism of many xenobiotic chemicals including coumarin, indole, nicotine, and carcinogenic nitrosamines.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-26
16318956-5	2005	Our results showed that 86.96% of the opium-dependent and 41.67 % of the nicotine-dependent group displayed high prolactin values (p<0.002).	Nicotine	73-81	prolactin	Homo sapiens	113-122
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	34-42	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	34-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	168-174
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	34-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	179-182
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	34-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	417-423
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	34-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	425-428
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	125-133	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	125-133	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	168-174
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	125-133	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	179-182
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	125-133	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	417-423
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	125-133	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	425-428
16149045-0	2005	Nicotinic and PDGF-receptor function are essential for nicotine-stimulated mitogenesis in human vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	55-63	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	14-27
16149045-3	2005	Nicotine"s effect on human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HaVSMC) and the role of the nicotinic receptor (nAChR), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and the PDGF-receptor (PDGF-R) in this response were studied.	Nicotine	0-8	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	182-188
16149045-10	2005	PDGF-R blockade with the PDGF-R antagonist tyrphostin AG 1295 decreased nicotine-induced DNA synthesis and cell division (0.25 +/- 0.01, 0.44 +/- 0.2-fold decrease, respectively).	Nicotine	72-80	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	0-6
16149045-10	2005	PDGF-R blockade with the PDGF-R antagonist tyrphostin AG 1295 decreased nicotine-induced DNA synthesis and cell division (0.25 +/- 0.01, 0.44 +/- 0.2-fold decrease, respectively).	Nicotine	72-80	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	25-31
16149045-11	2005	PDGF-R blockade reversed nicotine-stimulated increases in PDGF release, PDGF-BB transcripts, and PDGF-receptor levels (0.68 +/- 0.34; 0.46 +/- 0.01; 0.28 +/- 0.01-fold decrease, respectively).	Nicotine	25-33	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	0-6
16149045-11	2005	PDGF-R blockade reversed nicotine-stimulated increases in PDGF release, PDGF-BB transcripts, and PDGF-receptor levels (0.68 +/- 0.34; 0.46 +/- 0.01; 0.28 +/- 0.01-fold decrease, respectively).	Nicotine	25-33	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	97-110
16149045-13	2005	PDGF-BB/PDGF-R interaction is vital in nicotine"s mitogenic actions on human aortic smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	39-47	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	8-14
16268995-0	2005	Nicotine inhibits human gingival fibroblast migration via modulation of Rac signalling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
16268995-5	2005	Our aim was to determine if nicotine disrupted Rac and its downstream signalling proteins, p21-activated kinase 1/2 (PAK1/2), and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2).	Nicotine	28-36	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
16268995-11	2005	In addition, nicotine altered the activation patterns of Rac and PAK 1/2 and up-regulated p44/42 MAPK.	Nicotine	13-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
16268995-12	2005	CONCLUSION: Decreased cell migration in periodontal wounds exposed to nicotine may be mediated through the Rac and PAK1/2 signalling pathways.	Nicotine	70-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
16354194-3	2005	SLURP-1 ligated the conventional ligand-binding site of KC nAChR, showing a higher affinity to the [(3)H]nicotine-, compared with the [(3)H]epibatidine-sensitive nAChR.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
16144975-8	2005	The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt blocker 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY294002) reversed the protective effects of galantamine, donepezil, and nicotine but not that of rivastigmine.	Nicotine	187-195	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
16144975-9	2005	In contrast, the bcl-2 antagonist ethyl[2-amino-6-bromo-4-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)]-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate (HA 14-1) reversed the protective effects of the three AChE inhibitors and that of nicotine.	Nicotine	198-206	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	17-22
16311924-3	2005	Inter-individual genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2E1 gene are associated with different cancer diseases as well as alcohol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	127-135	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
16005474-5	2005	Nicotine-dependent and control rats received the GABA transaminase inhibitor gamma-vinyl-GABA or the GABA(B) receptor agonist CGP44532 according to a within-subjects Latin square design, and ICSS thresholds were assessed post-injection.	Nicotine	0-8	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	49-66
15856080-0	2005	Nicotine normalizes increased prefrontal cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding and decreased working memory performance produced by repeated pretreatment with MK-801: a PET study in conscious monkeys.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	50-70
16391704-0	2005	Prenatal cocaine alone and combined with nicotine alters ANG II and IGF-1 induced left atrial contractions in aging male offspring.	Nicotine	41-49	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
16328020-10	2006	In mouse osteoblasts, nicotine significantly increased IL-6 secretion and estradiol significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced IL-6 release.	Nicotine	22-30	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	55-59
16328020-10	2006	In mouse osteoblasts, nicotine significantly increased IL-6 secretion and estradiol significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced IL-6 release.	Nicotine	112-120	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	129-133
16328020-12	2006	However, in the second sample, nicotine increased secretion of Il-6 but estradiol did not oppose this effect.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	63-67
16328020-13	2006	In human osteoblasts, nicotine also induced an increase in the TNF-alpha secretion and estradiol opposed this increase.	Nicotine	22-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-72
16328020-14	2006	These results suggest that nicotine affects bone metabolism by modulating proliferation, and Il-6 and TNF-alpha secretion.	Nicotine	27-35	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	93-97
15964916-2	2005	We examined whether nicotine regulates angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and hypertension.	Nicotine	20-28	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	70-73
15964916-6	2005	Nicotine did not modulate basal ACE production but significantly potentiated VEGF-induced ACE upregulation.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	77-81
15964916-6	2005	Nicotine did not modulate basal ACE production but significantly potentiated VEGF-induced ACE upregulation.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	90-93
15964916-7	2005	Treatment of endothelial cells with the PKC inhibitor GFX totally blocked VEGF- and nicotine-induced ACE upregulation.	Nicotine	84-92	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	101-104
15964916-8	2005	VEGF induced PKC phosphorylation, which was potentiated by cotreatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	0-4
15964916-9	2005	We conclude that nicotine significantly potentiated VEGF-induced ACE upregulation.	Nicotine	17-25	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	52-56
15964916-9	2005	We conclude that nicotine significantly potentiated VEGF-induced ACE upregulation.	Nicotine	17-25	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	65-68
15964916-11	2005	The interaction of nicotine with VEGF in ACE induction may contribute to the pathogenesis of smoking-related cardiovascular disease.	Nicotine	19-27	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	33-37
15964916-11	2005	The interaction of nicotine with VEGF in ACE induction may contribute to the pathogenesis of smoking-related cardiovascular disease.	Nicotine	19-27	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	41-44
16077034-4	2005	Given the known effects of nAChRs on dopaminergic neurotransmission, we assessed the ability of the alpha4 nAChR subunit to regulate arbor size of dopaminergic neurons by comparing responses of wild-type and alpha4 nAChR subunit knockout [alpha4(-/-)] mice to long-term exposure to cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, and haloperidol, and after substantia nigra neurotoxic lesioning.	Nicotine	304-312	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	100-112
16169302-3	2005	AIMS: To examine the effect of topical nicotine on plasma fibrinogen and any relationship between fibrinogen and ulcerative colitis disease activity.	Nicotine	39-47	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	58-68
16169302-8	2005	: At 6 weeks median plasma fibrinogen was 3.30 g/l on nicotine compared to 3.05 g/l on placebo, P = 0.90 when adjusted for baseline values.	Nicotine	54-62	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	27-37
16317086-0	2005	Nicotine induces cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in association with tumor-associated invasion and angiogenesis in gastric cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	17-83
16317086-3	2005	Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the promoting action of nicotine on gastric cancer growth.	Nicotine	76-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-16
16317086-3	2005	Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the promoting action of nicotine on gastric cancer growth.	Nicotine	76-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
16317086-6	2005	Nicotine (200 microg/mL) stimulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, which was blocked by SC-236 (a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor) and CBO-P11 (a VEGFR inhibitor).	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	119-124
16317086-8	2005	Topical injection of nicotine enhanced tumor-associated vascularization, with a concomitant increase in VEGF levels in sponge implants.	Nicotine	21-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	104-108
16317086-11	2005	The activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and protein expressions of plasminogen activators (urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor), which are the indicators of invasion and migration processes, were increased by nicotine but blocked by COX-2 and VEGFR inhibitors.	Nicotine	237-245	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	261-266
16317086-12	2005	Taken together, our results reveal that the promoting action of nicotine on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis is COX-2/VEGF/VEGFR dependent.	Nicotine	64-72	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
16317086-12	2005	Taken together, our results reveal that the promoting action of nicotine on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis is COX-2/VEGF/VEGFR dependent.	Nicotine	64-72	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	130-134
16181622-7	2005	The nAChR subtypes that mediate the locomotor effects and hypothermic effects of nicotine appear to be less sensitive to TMPH than those which mediate analgetic effects and discriminative stimuli.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
16226123-10	2005	Chronic stimulation of nAChR by nicotine might result in unbalanced receptor activation or functional desensitisation followed by the known pathological effects of smoking.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
16218635-1	2005	A variety of molecular modeling, molecular docking, and first-principles electronic structure calculations were performed to study how the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binds with different species of two typical agonists, (S)-(-)-nicotine and (R)-(-)-deschloroepibatidine, each of which is distinguished by different free bases and protonation states.	Nicotine	246-262	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
15985439-2	2005	By using isolated brain mitochondria, we found that nicotine inhibited N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP(+)) and calcium-induced mitochondria high amplitude swelling and cytochrome c release from intact mitochondria.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	167-179
15951329-6	2005	Finally, the effect of transfecting WI38 cells with a PPARgamma expression vector on nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation was determined.	Nicotine	85-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-63
15951329-9	2005	The nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation was completely prevented by concomitant treatment with PTHrP, DBcAMP, RGZ, and by transiently overexpressing PPARgamma.	Nicotine	4-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	162-171
16395906-0	2005	[Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of nicotine and BSA].	Nicotine	45-53	albumin	Homo sapiens	58-61
16395906-1	2005	The interaction of nicotine and bovine serum albumin(BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectra and UV-vis spectra.	Nicotine	19-27	albumin	Homo sapiens	39-57
16395906-2	2005	The fluorescence spectrum showed that BSA fluorescence quench regularly with the addition of nicotine.The fluorescence quenching mechanisms were also studied in pH 5.0, pH 7.4 and pH 11.0 by Stern-Volmer equation, indicating dynamic quenching(pH 5.0) and static quenching(pH 7.4 and pH 11.0) respectively.	Nicotine	93-101	albumin	Homo sapiens	38-41
16395906-4	2005	The UV-Vis spectra exhibit that the absorbance of BSA(210 nm) shifts to red and decreases gradually with the addition of nicotine, reflecting the transition of secondary structure of BSA, namely, the helix of BSA becomes looser.	Nicotine	121-129	albumin	Homo sapiens	50-53
16395906-4	2005	The UV-Vis spectra exhibit that the absorbance of BSA(210 nm) shifts to red and decreases gradually with the addition of nicotine, reflecting the transition of secondary structure of BSA, namely, the helix of BSA becomes looser.	Nicotine	121-129	albumin	Homo sapiens	183-186
16395906-4	2005	The UV-Vis spectra exhibit that the absorbance of BSA(210 nm) shifts to red and decreases gradually with the addition of nicotine, reflecting the transition of secondary structure of BSA, namely, the helix of BSA becomes looser.	Nicotine	121-129	albumin	Homo sapiens	183-186
16076763-4	2005	Nicotine (1 and 10 muM) significantly induced DNA strand breakage when cultured at pH 8 for 6 h but did not induce DNA damage at pH 6.5.	Nicotine	0-8	latexin	Homo sapiens	19-22
16076763-6	2005	When cells were pretreated with catalase or N-acetylcysteine, a significant reduction in nicotine-induced DNA damage was observed.	Nicotine	89-97	catalase	Homo sapiens	32-40
16076763-7	2005	Flow cytometric analyses showed that the production of 8-oxoguanine was significantly increased following nicotine (10 muM) treatment.	Nicotine	106-114	latexin	Homo sapiens	119-122
16076763-10	2005	Finally, cigarette smoke condensate (equivalent to 8 muM nicotine) induced significant DNA strand breaks in OEC-M1 cells at pH 8 and correlated with the generation of oxidative DNA damage.	Nicotine	57-65	latexin	Homo sapiens	53-56
15933214-4	2005	Initial characterization of nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release from monkey striatal synaptosomes revealed that release was calcium-dependent and inhibited by selective nAChR antagonists.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
15870834-6	2005	After high-nicotine cigarette smoking began, plasma ACTH levels increased significantly above baseline within 12 min and reached peak levels of 21.88+/-5.34 pmol/l within 20 min.	Nicotine	11-19	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	52-56
15870834-7	2005	ACTH increases were significantly correlated with increases in plasma nicotine (r=0.85; P<0.0001), DHEA (r=0.66; P=0.002), and epinephrine (r=0.86; P<0.0001).	Nicotine	70-78	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-4
15983034-0	2005	Persistent nicotine treatment potentiates amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase gene in rat lung epithelial cells as a consequence of Ras activation.	Nicotine	11-19	dihydrofolate reductase	Rattus norvegicus	63-86
15983034-6	2005	When p53 expression is suppressed by introducing E6, persistent exposure to nicotine enables dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification in the presence of methotrexate (MTX) and the formation of the MTX-resistant colonies.	Nicotine	76-84	dihydrofolate reductase	Rattus norvegicus	93-116
15962330-8	2005	TGF-beta1 induced an increase of alpha-SMA protein and mRNA expression, while nicotine (1 mM) inhibited the TGF-beta1-induced expression of alpha-SMA but not beta-actin.	Nicotine	78-86	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	108-117
15962330-9	2005	Nicotine treatment down-regulated TGF-beta1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-43
15962330-9	2005	Nicotine treatment down-regulated TGF-beta1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	52-55
15998359-12	2005	Anti-human CYP2A inhibitory antibody inhibited coumarin 7-hydroxylation by about 90% and formation of cotinine by 44--60% and 85--100% at substrate concentrations of 500 microM and 50 microM respectively, showing that coumarin and nicotine (50 microM) are very specific substrates for CYP2A in pigs, whereas the CYP2A only is responsible for about 50% of the cotinine formation at a 500 microM nicotine incubation concentration.	Nicotine	231-239	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 19	Sus scrofa	11-16
15998359-12	2005	Anti-human CYP2A inhibitory antibody inhibited coumarin 7-hydroxylation by about 90% and formation of cotinine by 44--60% and 85--100% at substrate concentrations of 500 microM and 50 microM respectively, showing that coumarin and nicotine (50 microM) are very specific substrates for CYP2A in pigs, whereas the CYP2A only is responsible for about 50% of the cotinine formation at a 500 microM nicotine incubation concentration.	Nicotine	394-402	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 19	Sus scrofa	11-16
16040357-3	2005	It was determined that the effectivity of nicotine and the data support that nicotine increases hippocampal NR2A and B expression.	Nicotine	42-50	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
16040357-3	2005	It was determined that the effectivity of nicotine and the data support that nicotine increases hippocampal NR2A and B expression.	Nicotine	77-85	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
16011614-6	2005	Nicotine treatment increased p21 expression in immortalized cells (HaCaT, IHOK) and oral cancer cells (HN4, HN12), but decreased pRb and p53 expression in oral cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	29-32
16011614-6	2005	Nicotine treatment increased p21 expression in immortalized cells (HaCaT, IHOK) and oral cancer cells (HN4, HN12), but decreased pRb and p53 expression in oral cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	137-140
16011614-8	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that nicotine inhibits growth through cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase probably by increasing the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1).	Nicotine	34-42	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	145-148
16011614-8	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that nicotine inhibits growth through cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase probably by increasing the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1).	Nicotine	34-42	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	149-158
15927799-3	2005	Nicotine administration improves P50 inhibition, presumably by achieving additional activation of these diminished receptors, but its toxicity and marked tachyphylaxis make it an ineffective therapeutic.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
15996750-2	2005	Given the biological role of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the substantial comorbidity of nicotine dependence in psychiatric disorders, the CHRNA2 gene is a plausible candidate gene for bipolar disorder (BPD).	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-167
15953421-0	2005	Mu-opioid receptor and CREB activation are required for nicotine reward.	Nicotine	56-64	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	23-27
15953421-2	2005	Exposure to an environment previously associated with rewarding properties of nicotine results in an increase of CREB phosphorylation similar to that seen following nicotine administration, and this response is absent in MOR(-/-) mice.	Nicotine	78-86	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	113-117
15953421-2	2005	Exposure to an environment previously associated with rewarding properties of nicotine results in an increase of CREB phosphorylation similar to that seen following nicotine administration, and this response is absent in MOR(-/-) mice.	Nicotine	78-86	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	221-224
15953421-5	2005	However, this effect, along with rewarding properties of nicotine, is blocked in mice with a targeted disruption in the CREB gene.	Nicotine	57-65	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	120-124
15953421-6	2005	Together, pharmacologic and genetic manipulations indicate that phosphorylation of CREB and upregulation of functional MORs are required for nicotine-conditioned reward.	Nicotine	141-149	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	83-87
15879433-0	2005	Haplotype analysis indicates an association between the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	90-98	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	56-74
15879433-0	2005	Haplotype analysis indicates an association between the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	90-98	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	76-79
15879433-2	2005	Because the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of many drugs, including nicotine, the DDC gene is considered a plausible candidate for involvement in the development of vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	109-117	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	123-126
15879433-2	2005	Because the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of many drugs, including nicotine, the DDC gene is considered a plausible candidate for involvement in the development of vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	223-231	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	123-126
15904723-1	2005	The present study shows that the selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A attenuated responding for both nicotine- and sucrose-associated stimuli in a long-term extinction-reinstatement model.	Nicotine	120-128	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
16191663-2	2005	Several recent studies have raised confounding results regarding the roles of P-gp in nicotine disposition.	Nicotine	86-94	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
16191663-3	2005	To ascertain this question, we examined the effects of nicotine and its major oxidative metabolite, cotinine, on ATPase activity using P-gp containing membranes, in which nicotine and cotinine-stimulated inorganic Pi was used as a marker of the binding affinity of nicotine and cotinine to P-gp.	Nicotine	171-179	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
16191663-3	2005	To ascertain this question, we examined the effects of nicotine and its major oxidative metabolite, cotinine, on ATPase activity using P-gp containing membranes, in which nicotine and cotinine-stimulated inorganic Pi was used as a marker of the binding affinity of nicotine and cotinine to P-gp.	Nicotine	171-179	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
16191663-4	2005	At concentrations ranging from 5 to 1000 microm, both nicotine and cotinine produced modest stimulative effects on ATPase activity in the P-gp containing membrane.	Nicotine	54-62	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
16204770-7	2005	CRH antagonist almost abolished the nicotine-induced hormone responses and vasopressin antagonist reduced ACTH secretion.	Nicotine	36-44	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
16204770-13	2005	CRH and vasopressin of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus may be involved in the nicotine induced alterations of HPA axis activity.	Nicotine	87-95	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
16204770-13	2005	CRH and vasopressin of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus may be involved in the nicotine induced alterations of HPA axis activity.	Nicotine	87-95	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	8-19
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16094620-8	2005	Catalase activity and protein levels, already elevated in response to IH, were further amplified by simultaneous nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	113-121	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
15937519-11	2005	Thus, chronic galantamine acts at nAChR to decrease subsequent functional responses to acute stimulation with nicotine or KCl.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
16025117-4	2005	The anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine required the ability of phosphorylated STAT3 to bind and transactivate its DNA response elements.	Nicotine	32-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	80-85
16038974-0	2005	Increased CRF-like and NPY-like immunoreactivity in adult rats exposed to nicotine during adolescence: relation to anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior.	Nicotine	74-82	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
16038974-9	2005	Rats exposed to nicotine also had increased hypothalamic and frontal cortical CRF, increased hypothalamic and hippocampal NPY, and a decreased ratio of NPY to CRF in the amygdala.	Nicotine	16-24	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
16038974-9	2005	Rats exposed to nicotine also had increased hypothalamic and frontal cortical CRF, increased hypothalamic and hippocampal NPY, and a decreased ratio of NPY to CRF in the amygdala.	Nicotine	16-24	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
15853972-6	2005	In addition, antioxidants catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) were added to test how they modulated the effects on nicotine-induced HO-1 expression.	Nicotine	147-155	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	36-56
15935216-6	2005	The chronic nicotine treatment also resulted, after 2 days of continuous administration in significant activation of the transcription factor CREB and the ERK/MAPK survival kinase in the Hb, suggesting that these alterations in expression are in some way related to the neurodegenerative/neuroreparative process.	Nicotine	12-20	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
15939519-0	2005	Changes of smoking behavior and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, prolactin, and endogenous opioids levels in nicotine dependence after naltrexone treatment.	Nicotine	121-129	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	38-65
15939519-0	2005	Changes of smoking behavior and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, prolactin, and endogenous opioids levels in nicotine dependence after naltrexone treatment.	Nicotine	121-129	prolactin	Homo sapiens	77-86
15795089-0	2005	Limited modulation of the transport activity of the human multidrug resistance proteins MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 by nicotine glucuronide metabolites.	Nicotine	111-119	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
15741168-1	2005	The primary target for nicotine in the brain is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
15741168-1	2005	The primary target for nicotine in the brain is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
15741168-3	2005	In order to investigate the mechanism of nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation, we have developed a cell culture system to assess membrane trafficking and nicotine-induced up-regulation of surface-expressed alpha(4)beta(2) nAChRs.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
15790597-0	2005	Ethnic- and gender-specific association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-107
15790597-8	2005	In summary, our findings provide convincing evidence for the involvement of the nAChR alpha4 subunit, but not of the nAChR beta2 subunit, in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
15785859-0	2005	Expression levels of Rab2, a G protein, and Bag-1, a Bcl-2 binding protein are controlled by withdrawal of nicotine from cultured pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.	Nicotine	107-115	BAG cochaperone 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
15785859-0	2005	Expression levels of Rab2, a G protein, and Bag-1, a Bcl-2 binding protein are controlled by withdrawal of nicotine from cultured pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.	Nicotine	107-115	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
15833370-3	2005	Here we show, using mainly one plasma negative for both AChR and MuSK antibodies, that the inhibitory effect of the non-IgG fraction correlates well with the desensitisation caused by 100 microM nicotine, and is found also when AChRs are expressed in a non-muscle cell line (HEK).	Nicotine	195-203	EPH receptor A3	Homo sapiens	275-278
15727570-0	2005	Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-C by nicotine in cervical cancer cell lines.	Nicotine	57-65	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	17-51
15785859-1	2005	We previously reported that nicotine withdrawal up-regulates transcription of some immediately early genes (IEGs), c-fos (Ichino et al., 1999) and egr1, nur77 (Ichino et al., 2002) in cultures of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, which are of neuronal lineage.	Nicotine	28-36	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
15785859-7	2005	Considering the neuroprotective effect of nicotine, we also examined the level of Bag-1 protein, which is a binding protein for Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic factor, and found a slight increase in the gene expression of Bag-1 following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	42-50	BAG cochaperone 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
15785859-7	2005	Considering the neuroprotective effect of nicotine, we also examined the level of Bag-1 protein, which is a binding protein for Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic factor, and found a slight increase in the gene expression of Bag-1 following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	42-50	BAG cochaperone 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-220
15785859-7	2005	Considering the neuroprotective effect of nicotine, we also examined the level of Bag-1 protein, which is a binding protein for Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic factor, and found a slight increase in the gene expression of Bag-1 following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	231-239	BAG cochaperone 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
15727570-11	2005	The VEGF-C levels were significantly increased, while TGF-beta levels were decreased by nicotine in all the cell lines (P < 0.00001).	Nicotine	88-96	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	54-62
15727570-12	2005	EGF-R levels were also significantly increased after nicotine treatment in HeLa and ME-180, while HPV-E6 levels remained unchanged in all three.	Nicotine	53-61	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-5
15727570-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine up regulates expression of cell proliferative VEGF-C and EGF-R, while down-regulating anti-proliferative TGF-beta.	Nicotine	13-21	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	68-74
15785859-7	2005	Considering the neuroprotective effect of nicotine, we also examined the level of Bag-1 protein, which is a binding protein for Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic factor, and found a slight increase in the gene expression of Bag-1 following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	231-239	BAG cochaperone 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-220
15785859-8	2005	Among 56-kDa, 50-kDa, and 36-kDa protein components of the Bag-1 protein complex, the levels of 56-kDa and 50-kDa proteins were not changed by the addition or withdrawal of nicotine; but the level of the 36-kDa protein, which had been increased in the presence of nicotine, was markedly decreased after nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	264-272	BAG cochaperone 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
15785859-8	2005	Among 56-kDa, 50-kDa, and 36-kDa protein components of the Bag-1 protein complex, the levels of 56-kDa and 50-kDa proteins were not changed by the addition or withdrawal of nicotine; but the level of the 36-kDa protein, which had been increased in the presence of nicotine, was markedly decreased after nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	264-272	BAG cochaperone 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
15809354-6	2005	In vitro mechanistic studies revealed that nicotine blocked TNF-induced nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear entry in an inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB)alpha- and IkappaBepsilon-dependent manner.	Nicotine	43-51	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-63
15809354-6	2005	In vitro mechanistic studies revealed that nicotine blocked TNF-induced nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear entry in an inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB)alpha- and IkappaBepsilon-dependent manner.	Nicotine	43-51	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	132-145
16054976-6	2005	Nicotine may promote carcinogenesis through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cyclooxygenase-2/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	96-112
16054976-6	2005	Nicotine may promote carcinogenesis through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cyclooxygenase-2/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	113-147
16054988-5	2005	Study results, with the use of animal xenograft models and cell culture systems, show that nicotine stimulates the progression of tumor growth, through a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	91-99	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	154-170
15813854-4	2005	Nicotine-induced adhesion of HSPC was inhibited by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-113
15813854-4	2005	Nicotine-induced adhesion of HSPC was inhibited by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
15813854-6	2005	Nicotine induced fast cytoskeletal reorganization and formation of filopodia in endothelial cells through interaction with the non-neuronal nAchR expressed by these cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
15813854-7	2005	In addition, nicotine treatment stimulated rapid phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and p-38 in endothelial cells.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	68-74
15813854-7	2005	In addition, nicotine treatment stimulated rapid phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and p-38 in endothelial cells.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
15831280-8	2005	It was also shown that nicotine increases the mRNA level of bax and decreases that of bcl-2.	Nicotine	23-31	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	86-91
15733153-8	2005	A nicotine concentration of 5 mm was found to induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner (p<0.05).	Nicotine	2-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-90
15733153-8	2005	A nicotine concentration of 5 mm was found to induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner (p<0.05).	Nicotine	2-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
15733153-11	2005	In addition, NS-398, dexamethasone, OTZ, herbimycin A, and curcumin were found to inhibit the nicotine-induced ERK expression (p<0.05).	Nicotine	94-102	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
15733153-12	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The activation of ERK expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	49-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
15733153-12	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The activation of ERK expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	88-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
15733153-13	2005	In addition, nicotine-induced ERK expression was down-regulated by NS-398, dexamethasone, OTZ, herbimycin A, and curcumin.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
15642728-0	2005	Nicotine inactivation of the proapoptotic function of Bax through phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	54-57
15642728-4	2005	Because Bax is ubiquitously expressed in both small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer cells, nicotine may mimic growth factor(s) to regulate the activity of Bax.	Nicotine	107-115	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	8-11
15642728-4	2005	Because Bax is ubiquitously expressed in both small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer cells, nicotine may mimic growth factor(s) to regulate the activity of Bax.	Nicotine	107-115	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	171-174
15642728-5	2005	We found that nicotine potently induces Bax phosphorylation at Ser-184, which results in abrogation of the proapoptotic activity of Bax and increased cell survival.	Nicotine	14-22	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	40-43
15642728-5	2005	We found that nicotine potently induces Bax phosphorylation at Ser-184, which results in abrogation of the proapoptotic activity of Bax and increased cell survival.	Nicotine	14-22	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	132-135
15642728-6	2005	AKT, a known physiological Bax kinase, is activated by nicotine, co-localizes with Bax in the cytoplasm, and can directly phosphorylate Bax in vitro.	Nicotine	55-63	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
15642728-6	2005	AKT, a known physiological Bax kinase, is activated by nicotine, co-localizes with Bax in the cytoplasm, and can directly phosphorylate Bax in vitro.	Nicotine	55-63	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	27-30
15642728-7	2005	Treatment of cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 or specific depletion of AKT expression by RNA interference can block both nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation and cell survival.	Nicotine	159-167	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
15642728-7	2005	Treatment of cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 or specific depletion of AKT expression by RNA interference can block both nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation and cell survival.	Nicotine	159-167	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	176-179
15642728-8	2005	Importantly, nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation potently blocks stress-induced translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, impairs Bax insertion into mitochondrial membranes, and reduces the half-life of Bax protein (i.e. from 9-12 h to <6 h).	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	30-33
15642728-8	2005	Importantly, nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation potently blocks stress-induced translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, impairs Bax insertion into mitochondrial membranes, and reduces the half-life of Bax protein (i.e. from 9-12 h to <6 h).	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	98-101
15642728-8	2005	Importantly, nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation potently blocks stress-induced translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, impairs Bax insertion into mitochondrial membranes, and reduces the half-life of Bax protein (i.e. from 9-12 h to <6 h).	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	98-101
15642728-8	2005	Importantly, nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation potently blocks stress-induced translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, impairs Bax insertion into mitochondrial membranes, and reduces the half-life of Bax protein (i.e. from 9-12 h to <6 h).	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	98-101
15642728-9	2005	Because knockdown of Bax expression by gene silencing results in prolonged cell survival following treatment with cisplatin in the absence or presence of nicotine, Bax may be an essential component in the nicotine survival signaling pathway.	Nicotine	205-213	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	21-24
15642728-9	2005	Because knockdown of Bax expression by gene silencing results in prolonged cell survival following treatment with cisplatin in the absence or presence of nicotine, Bax may be an essential component in the nicotine survival signaling pathway.	Nicotine	205-213	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	164-167
15642728-10	2005	Thus, nicotine-induced survival and chemoresistance of human lung cancer cells may occur in a novel mechanism involving activation of PI3K/AKT that directly phosphorylates and inactivates the proapoptotic function of Bax.	Nicotine	6-14	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
15642728-10	2005	Thus, nicotine-induced survival and chemoresistance of human lung cancer cells may occur in a novel mechanism involving activation of PI3K/AKT that directly phosphorylates and inactivates the proapoptotic function of Bax.	Nicotine	6-14	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	217-220
15727570-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine up regulates expression of cell proliferative VEGF-C and EGF-R, while down-regulating anti-proliferative TGF-beta.	Nicotine	13-21	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	79-84
15727570-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine up regulates expression of cell proliferative VEGF-C and EGF-R, while down-regulating anti-proliferative TGF-beta.	Nicotine	13-21	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	127-135
15727570-14	2005	Our data suggest that nicotine in circulation and in cervical squamous epithelial cells may promote not only rapid tumor growth but its lympho-angiogenic spread (VEGF-C) as well.	Nicotine	22-30	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	162-168
15727570-2	2005	Our earlier work shows that nicotine enhances cellular proliferation of cervical cancer cell lines by up-regulating epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor EGF-R, which leads to increased insulin-like growth factor II in vitro.	Nicotine	28-36	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	163-168
15727570-4	2005	This has prompted us to study if in vitro nicotine treatment will up-regulate VEGF-C alongside EGF-R levels, while down regulating the anti-proliferative transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta levels in HPV positive cervical cancer cell lines.	Nicotine	42-50	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	78-82
15727570-4	2005	This has prompted us to study if in vitro nicotine treatment will up-regulate VEGF-C alongside EGF-R levels, while down regulating the anti-proliferative transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta levels in HPV positive cervical cancer cell lines.	Nicotine	42-50	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	95-100
15548733-7	2005	Finally, nicotine was able to increase VEGF mRNA expression significantly, whereas M-nicotine was not.	Nicotine	9-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	39-43
15735610-14	2005	The effects of nicotine on plasma ACTH and catecholamine levels and hemodynamic parameters are not altered by menstrual cycle phase in healthy, nonsmoking women.	Nicotine	15-23	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	34-38
15813924-7	2005	In the VTA, however, the effects of nicotine on mGluR mRNA expression were long-lasting but rather specific to mGluR1.	Nicotine	36-44	glutamate metabotropic receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-117
15574422-3	2005	In this study, we have shown that, via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, persistent exposure of mouse epithelial cells to nicotine elicits Ras signaling and subsequent Raf/MAP kinase activity, accompanied by a significant increase in cyclin D1 promoter activity and its protein expression.	Nicotine	123-131	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Mus musculus	169-172
15734728-6	2005	Enzymes involved in nicotine metabolism including cytochrome P450 enzymes, aldehyde oxidase, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, amine N-methyltransferase, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases are represented, as well as factors affecting metabolism, such as genetic variations in metabolic enzymes, effects of diet, age, gender, pregnancy, liver and kidney diseases, and racial and ethnic differences.	Nicotine	20-28	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	75-91
15574422-5	2005	The induction of cyclin D1 expression and its promoter activity by nicotine is abolished by the suppression of Raf/MAP kinase signaling.	Nicotine	67-75	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Mus musculus	111-114
15617774-8	2005	A polymorphism in the nicotinic receptor alpha4 subunit gene, Chrna4, showed a trend with nicotine consumption and a significant association with alcohol consumption in female but not male mice.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	62-68
15727510-0	2005	Modulation of nicotine but not ethanol preference by the mouse Chrna4 A529T polymorphism.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	63-69
15689546-0	2005	Nicotine-induced antinociception, rewarding effects, and physical dependence are decreased in mice lacking the preproenkephalin gene.	Nicotine	0-8	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	111-127
15689546-9	2005	In summary, the present results indicate that endogenous opioid peptides derived from preproenkephalin are involved in the antinociceptive and rewarding properties of nicotine and participate in the expression of physical nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	167-175	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	86-102
15689546-9	2005	In summary, the present results indicate that endogenous opioid peptides derived from preproenkephalin are involved in the antinociceptive and rewarding properties of nicotine and participate in the expression of physical nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	222-230	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	86-102
15727510-3	2005	Data obtained with inbred mouse strains suggested an association between a polymorphism in the mouse alpha4 nAChR subunit gene, Chrna4, and variability in nicotine and ethanol preference.	Nicotine	155-163	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	101-113
15727510-5	2005	The results obtained by the authors indicate that the polymorphism in Chrna4 plays an important role in modulating variability in oral nicotine intake but is linked to a gene that regulates alcohol intake.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	70-76
15698838-4	2005	Aim of the present study was to investigate whether nicotine modulates K(ir) and if this plays a role in bFGF-mediated proliferation, migration and nitric oxide (NO)-formation of endothelial cells.	Nicotine	52-60	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
15698838-9	2005	The bFGF-induced endothelial cell migration--examined using the "Fences-Migration-Assay"--was significantly reduced by 10 mumol/l nicotine (n = 12; P < 0.05).	Nicotine	130-138	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
15698838-8	2005	Cell counts revealed that bFGF-mediated proliferation of HUVEC was significantly inhibited when using 1-10 micromol/l nicotine (n = 8, P < 0.01).	Nicotine	118-126	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
15698838-11	2005	The significant bFGF-induced increase of cGMP-levels was reduced by nicotine (n = 10; P < 0.05).	Nicotine	68-76	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	16-20
15698838-12	2005	Our data indicate that the modulation of K(ir) seems to be an essential pathway in the antagonistic effects of nicotine on bFGF-mediated endothelial cell growth, migration and NO-formation.	Nicotine	111-119	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
15725747-5	2005	Neonates exposed to nicotine during gestation showed a significant decrease in the number of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, as measured by colony-forming unit (CFU) and long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays, and decreased concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in their serum.	Nicotine	20-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	259-272
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	51-76
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein C	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein C	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
15725747-5	2005	Neonates exposed to nicotine during gestation showed a significant decrease in the number of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, as measured by colony-forming unit (CFU) and long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays, and decreased concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in their serum.	Nicotine	20-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	274-278
15725747-7	2005	Our data provide evidence that by targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) nicotine interferes with the fetal development of the hematopoietic system.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
15725747-7	2005	Our data provide evidence that by targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) nicotine interferes with the fetal development of the hematopoietic system.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
15670336-3	2005	Nicotine and ACh have been recently reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in human macrophages as well as in mouse microglial cultures.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-83
15670336-3	2005	Nicotine and ACh have been recently reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in human macrophages as well as in mouse microglial cultures.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-94
15670336-9	2005	RESULTS: Rat microglial cells express alpha7 nicotinic receptor, and its activation by nicotine dose-dependently reduces the LPS-induced release of TNF-alpha, but has little or no effect on nitric oxide, interleukin-10 and interleukin-1beta.	Nicotine	87-95	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	148-157
15670336-9	2005	RESULTS: Rat microglial cells express alpha7 nicotinic receptor, and its activation by nicotine dose-dependently reduces the LPS-induced release of TNF-alpha, but has little or no effect on nitric oxide, interleukin-10 and interleukin-1beta.	Nicotine	87-95	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	223-240
15653993-9	2005	Electrophoresis mobility gel shift assays revealed that FP inhibited phosphorylation and DNA binding by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein, a transcription factor required for constitutive and nicotine-induced fibronectin expression.	Nicotine	226-234	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	243-254
15608059-5	2005	Activation of ERK by d-amphetamine or by widely abused drugs, including cocaine, nicotine, morphine, and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol was absent in mice lacking dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 32,000 (DARPP-32).	Nicotine	81-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	14-17
15567165-3	2005	Here, we show that estrogen down-regulates while nicotine up-regulates Rho-kinase and that nicotine counteracts the inhibitory effect of estrogen on angiotensin II-induced Rho-kinase expression.	Nicotine	91-99	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	149-163
15823722-1	2005	Smoking promotes insulin resistance and other features - excepting hypertension - of the insulin resistance syndrome; these effects appear to reflect chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	158-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
15823722-3	2005	Although the mechanistic basis of nicotine-induced insulin resistance remains to be clarified, increased secretion of ACTH and cortisol seems likely to play an important role in this regard.	Nicotine	34-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
15823722-8	2005	The impact of chromium picolinate on smoking- or nicotine-induced insulin resistance merits study.	Nicotine	49-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
15890456-7	2005	We focused our attention to expression of transcription factors and several of them were up- or down-regulated by nicotine, among these Nr4a1 (Nurr77), Egr-1 and Egr-2.	Nicotine	114-122	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
15890456-7	2005	We focused our attention to expression of transcription factors and several of them were up- or down-regulated by nicotine, among these Nr4a1 (Nurr77), Egr-1 and Egr-2.	Nicotine	114-122	early growth response 2	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
15908134-8	2005	Furthermore, nicotine increased P20 amplitude across all groups supporting a role for nicotine agonists in pre-attentive sensory encoding deficits.	Nicotine	13-21	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	32-35
15454119-0	2004	Nicotine could augment adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells through macrophages secreting TNF-alpha, IL-1beta.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-118
15802186-7	2005	Compared with controls, nicotine-exposed male piglets had increased TUNEL staining in the cuneate nucleus (P=0.05), and increased active caspase-3 in the hypoglossal, gracile and dentate gyrus (P<0.05 for each).	Nicotine	24-32	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	137-146
15802186-8	2005	Nicotine-exposed females showed no change in TUNEL staining in any of the nuclei studied, but increased active caspase-3 in the hypoglossal, DMNV and NSTT (P<0.05 for each).	Nicotine	0-8	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	111-120
20021059-5	2005	The antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione) was found to be decreased in the nicotine-treated group, and was significantly increased in ferulic acid-administered groups.	Nicotine	149-157	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	46-54
15454119-0	2004	Nicotine could augment adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells through macrophages secreting TNF-alpha, IL-1beta.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	120-128
15454119-7	2004	The results showed TNF-alpha, IL-1beta could reach the peak with 0.06mM nicotine treated for 24 and 12 h on Ana-1, respectively, but IL-8 and IFN-gamma had no significant alter.	Nicotine	72-80	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-28
15454119-7	2004	The results showed TNF-alpha, IL-1beta could reach the peak with 0.06mM nicotine treated for 24 and 12 h on Ana-1, respectively, but IL-8 and IFN-gamma had no significant alter.	Nicotine	72-80	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	30-38
15454119-11	2004	In conclusion, our findings suggest that nicotine could augment macrophages releasing TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, furthermore TNF-alpha and IL-1beta could up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecule and increase adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs.	Nicotine	41-49	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	86-95
15454119-11	2004	In conclusion, our findings suggest that nicotine could augment macrophages releasing TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, furthermore TNF-alpha and IL-1beta could up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecule and increase adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs.	Nicotine	41-49	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	100-108
15319299-6	2004	Nicotine further increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and microvessel density by 70 and 30%, respectively, with concomitant activation of ERK phosphorylation, COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the tumors.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	166-169
15588326-0	2004	Nicotine signals through muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in both human bronchial epithelial cells and airway fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-83
15588326-12	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that muscle-type and neuronal-type nAChRs are functional in airway fibroblasts and HBE cells, that prior tobacco exposure does not appear to be an important variable in nAChR expression, and that distinct signaling pathways are observed in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	287-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
15319299-8	2004	Consistent with our animal model, an in vitro study also demonstrated that incubation with nicotine (50-200 microg/ml) for 5 h stimulated cell proliferation dose-dependently and increased COX-2 expression, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and VEGF release, as well as activation of ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	91-99	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	277-280
15319299-11	2004	These findings reveal a direct promoting action of nicotine on the growth of gastric tumor and neovascularization through sequential activation of the ERK/COX-2/VEGF signaling pathway, which can be targeted for chemoprevention of gastric cancer, particularly in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	151-154
15613736-5	2004	The nicotine-induced increase in ACTH and corticosterone response was significantly supressed by piroxicam, and diminished by indomethacin, but was significantly augmented by L-NAME and L-NNA.	Nicotine	4-12	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	33-37
15275829-0	2004	The alpha3 and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits are necessary for nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion in mice.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	4-10
15451549-0	2004	Nicotine enhancement of lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced cytotoxicity with elevating nitric oxide production.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	43-59
15451549-1	2004	Nicotine has been shown to induce relaxation via nitric oxide (NO) production with activation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), however the effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma)-induced NO production and inducible NOS (iNOS) gene expression is still undefined.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	192-208
15451549-1	2004	Nicotine has been shown to induce relaxation via nitric oxide (NO) production with activation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), however the effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma)-induced NO production and inducible NOS (iNOS) gene expression is still undefined.	Nicotine	0-8	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	210-223
15451549-1	2004	Nicotine has been shown to induce relaxation via nitric oxide (NO) production with activation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), however the effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma)-induced NO production and inducible NOS (iNOS) gene expression is still undefined.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	251-264
15451549-1	2004	Nicotine has been shown to induce relaxation via nitric oxide (NO) production with activation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), however the effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma)-induced NO production and inducible NOS (iNOS) gene expression is still undefined.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	266-270
15451549-1	2004	Nicotine has been shown to induce relaxation via nitric oxide (NO) production with activation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), however the effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma)-induced NO production and inducible NOS (iNOS) gene expression is still undefined.	Nicotine	161-169	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	192-208
15451549-1	2004	Nicotine has been shown to induce relaxation via nitric oxide (NO) production with activation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), however the effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma)-induced NO production and inducible NOS (iNOS) gene expression is still undefined.	Nicotine	161-169	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	210-223
15451549-3	2004	Interestingly, nicotine showed the dose-dependent stimulatory effect on LPS (20 ng/ml)/IFN-gamma (10 ng/ml)-induced NO but not PGE2 production in both cells.	Nicotine	15-23	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	87-96
15451549-4	2004	Although nicotine stimulates NO production in the presence of LPS/IFN-gamma, LPS at the dose of 20 ng/ml, nicotine showed no obvious inductive effect on the expression of iNOS protein by Western blotting in both cells.	Nicotine	9-17	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
15451549-5	2004	However, nicotine significantly stimulates LPS (2.5, 5 ng/ml)/IFN-gamma (10 ng/ml)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in RAW264.7 cells.	Nicotine	9-17	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	62-71
15451549-5	2004	However, nicotine significantly stimulates LPS (2.5, 5 ng/ml)/IFN-gamma (10 ng/ml)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in RAW264.7 cells.	Nicotine	9-17	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	91-95
15451549-6	2004	Cytotoxicity assay showed that nicotine enhanced LPS (20 ng/ml) and IFN-gamma (10 ng/ml)-induced cytotoxicity, which was inhibited by an NOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine (NLA) in RAW264.7 cells.	Nicotine	31-39	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	68-77
15451549-9	2004	These data indicates that nicotine may potentiate LPS/IFN-gamma-induced cytotoxic effects by enhancing NO production; enhancing iNOS gene expression induced by LPS/IFN-gamma is involved.	Nicotine	26-34	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	54-63
15451549-9	2004	These data indicates that nicotine may potentiate LPS/IFN-gamma-induced cytotoxic effects by enhancing NO production; enhancing iNOS gene expression induced by LPS/IFN-gamma is involved.	Nicotine	26-34	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	128-132
15451549-9	2004	These data indicates that nicotine may potentiate LPS/IFN-gamma-induced cytotoxic effects by enhancing NO production; enhancing iNOS gene expression induced by LPS/IFN-gamma is involved.	Nicotine	26-34	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	164-173
15579018-8	2004	Furthermore apoptosis mechanisms in mesothelioma cells are under the control of the cholinergic system (nicotine antiapoptotic via induction of NF-kappaB complexes and phosphorilation of Bad at Serine(112), curare proapoptotic via G(0)-G(1) arrest p21(waf-1)-dependent, but p53-independent).	Nicotine	104-112	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	274-277
18370691-0	2004	Acute effect of the transdermal administration of nicotine on insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the first branch.	Nicotine	50-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
18370691-1	2004	The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the transdermal administration of nicotine on insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals with and without family histories of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the first branch.	Nicotine	92-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
15364541-0	2004	PXR (NR1I2): splice variants in human tissues, including brain, and identification of neurosteroids and nicotine as PXR activators.	Nicotine	104-112	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	116-119
15364541-9	2004	Nicotine, the psychoactive and addictive chemical in cigarettes, and a known inducer of brain CYP2B6, was an efficacious activator of PXR and inducer of CYP3A4 transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	134-137
15364541-9	2004	Nicotine, the psychoactive and addictive chemical in cigarettes, and a known inducer of brain CYP2B6, was an efficacious activator of PXR and inducer of CYP3A4 transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	153-159
15364541-10	2004	Because nicotine activation of PXR will enhance metabolism of nicotine to the non-psychoactive cotinine, these results provide one molecular mechanism for the development of tolerance to nicotine.	Nicotine	8-16	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
15364541-10	2004	Because nicotine activation of PXR will enhance metabolism of nicotine to the non-psychoactive cotinine, these results provide one molecular mechanism for the development of tolerance to nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
15364541-10	2004	Because nicotine activation of PXR will enhance metabolism of nicotine to the non-psychoactive cotinine, these results provide one molecular mechanism for the development of tolerance to nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
15564892-3	2004	The polymorphism in HTR2A (102T/C, -1438A/G) was identified by means of the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was used to determine the extent of smoking behavior.	Nicotine	184-192	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	20-25
15502843-3	2004	Nicotine, a selective cholinergic agonist, is more efficient than acetylcholine and inhibits HMGB1 release induced by either endotoxin or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	138-165
15502843-3	2004	Nicotine, a selective cholinergic agonist, is more efficient than acetylcholine and inhibits HMGB1 release induced by either endotoxin or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	167-176
15464092-4	2004	Nicotine treatment increased dopamine transporter densities and decreased serotonin transporter densities in periadolescent rats.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-95
15447668-8	2004	In contrast to the effects of acute application of oligomeric beta-amyloid(1-42), nicotine activated ERK MAPK via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors utilizing protein kinase A as an intermediate.	Nicotine	82-90	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
15447668-8	2004	In contrast to the effects of acute application of oligomeric beta-amyloid(1-42), nicotine activated ERK MAPK via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors utilizing protein kinase A as an intermediate.	Nicotine	82-90	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
15447668-10	2004	We also found that nicotine and beta-amyloid activate ERK MAPK via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but use distinct intermediate kinases.	Nicotine	19-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
15447668-10	2004	We also found that nicotine and beta-amyloid activate ERK MAPK via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but use distinct intermediate kinases.	Nicotine	19-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
15258258-0	2004	Chronic nicotine treatment leads to induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in locus ceruleus neurons: the role of transcriptional activation.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	49-69
15258258-1	2004	Chronic nicotine treatment (two daily subcutaneous injections administered approximately 12 h apart for 14 days) is associated with long-term inductions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein and TH mRNA in locus ceruleus (LC) neurons.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	156-176
15258258-1	2004	Chronic nicotine treatment (two daily subcutaneous injections administered approximately 12 h apart for 14 days) is associated with long-term inductions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein and TH mRNA in locus ceruleus (LC) neurons.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	178-180
15258258-1	2004	Chronic nicotine treatment (two daily subcutaneous injections administered approximately 12 h apart for 14 days) is associated with long-term inductions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein and TH mRNA in locus ceruleus (LC) neurons.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	194-196
15258258-5	2004	TH RNA primary transcript levels increase rapidly in the LC after a single nicotine administration and return to basal levels by 24 h. A similar rapid and transient induction of LC TH RNA primary transcripts occurs after chronic nicotine administration.	Nicotine	75-83	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	0-2
15258258-5	2004	TH RNA primary transcript levels increase rapidly in the LC after a single nicotine administration and return to basal levels by 24 h. A similar rapid and transient induction of LC TH RNA primary transcripts occurs after chronic nicotine administration.	Nicotine	229-237	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	0-2
15258258-6	2004	In contrast, TH RNA primary transcript levels remain elevated for a sustained period of time (at least 1 day) in the adrenal medulla after chronic nicotine administration.	Nicotine	147-155	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	13-15
15258258-8	2004	These results suggest that TH gene transcription rate in the LC is stimulated rapidly after each nicotine injection; however, in contrast to the adrenal medulla, there is no sustained transcriptional response elicited by chronic nicotine treatment or repeated immobilization stress in the LC, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms may also play a role in these long-term responses.	Nicotine	97-105	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	27-29
15494107-8	2004	After culturing cells for 1 week in a medium containing serum, the release of met-enkephalin and norepinephrine from the cells was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay with nicotine stimulation, lasting approximately 3 weeks.	Nicotine	208-216	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	78-92
15312165-4	2004	Nicotine produced dose-dependent responses, with a low concentration (1 microm) causing a sustained decrease in DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation and a high concentration (100 microm) causing a transient increase in DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	112-120
15312165-4	2004	Nicotine produced dose-dependent responses, with a low concentration (1 microm) causing a sustained decrease in DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation and a high concentration (100 microm) causing a transient increase in DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	213-221
15312165-6	2004	Nicotine at a low concentration (1 microm) activated dopamine D2 receptor signaling in striatopallidal/indirect pathway neurons, likely by activating alpha4beta2* nAChRs at dopaminergic terminals.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	53-73
15334375-11	2004	These data support the hypothesis that in normal subjects habitual nicotine consumption may attenuate both GH and cortisol responses to a releasing stimulation, such as physical exercise.	Nicotine	67-75	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	107-109
15275829-7	2004	alpha3 +/- mice were partially resistant to nicotine-induced seizures when compared to wild-type littermates.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	0-6
15275829-9	2004	Together, these results suggest that the beta4 and the alpha3 subunits are mediators of nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	55-61
15225679-5	2004	Four genes, BAX, calcyclin, osteopontin and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), identified by the microarray as showing changes in mRNA level with nicotine treatment were investigated in detail.	Nicotine	146-154	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	72-76
15225679-12	2004	In conclusion, three putative nicotine-responsive genes were identified whose expression was also influenced by developmental stage and by exogenously added SOD.	Nicotine	30-38	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	157-160
15591646-5	2004	The enhanced level of tissue lipid peroxides in nicotine-treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase.	Nicotine	48-56	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	225-233
15114432-11	2004	The GH response was significantly inversely correlated with severity of nicotine dependence (r=-0.39).	Nicotine	72-80	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	4-6
15342104-8	2004	Furthermore, this activation, as measured by TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) release, is synergistically attenuated through the alpha7 nAChR and p44/42 MAPK system by pretreatment with nicotine, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine.	Nicotine	185-193	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	45-54
15248867-0	2004	MAO-B knockout mice exhibit deficient habituation of locomotor activity but normal nicotine intake.	Nicotine	83-91	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	0-5
15248867-3	2004	We used MAO-B knockout (KO) mice to test the hypothesis that MAO-B concomitantly affects locomotor responses in a novel inescapable open field and nicotine intake.	Nicotine	147-155	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	61-66
15248867-9	2004	MAO-B KO mice and WT mice consumed equal amounts of nicotine and exhibited comparable concentration-dependent nicotine preference and aversion over a period of 16 days.	Nicotine	52-60	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	0-5
15248867-9	2004	MAO-B KO mice and WT mice consumed equal amounts of nicotine and exhibited comparable concentration-dependent nicotine preference and aversion over a period of 16 days.	Nicotine	110-118	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	0-5
15495789-15	2004	In contrast, significant levels of IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-gamma were observed in antigen-challenged cultures from nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	112-120	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	52-61
15266655-0	2004	Repetitive exposures to nicotine induce a hyper-responsiveness via the cAMP/PKA/CREB signal pathway in Drosophila.	Nicotine	24-32	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	76-79
15266655-4	2004	Compared with this effect of nicotine in wild-type flies, it was stronger in dunce, which has defective phosphodiesterase, and in wild-type flies treated with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, whereas it was weaker in DC0, which has defective protein kinase A (PKA), and in wild-type flies treated with a PKA blocker.	Nicotine	29-37	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	240-256
15266655-4	2004	Compared with this effect of nicotine in wild-type flies, it was stronger in dunce, which has defective phosphodiesterase, and in wild-type flies treated with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, whereas it was weaker in DC0, which has defective protein kinase A (PKA), and in wild-type flies treated with a PKA blocker.	Nicotine	29-37	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	258-261
15266655-4	2004	Compared with this effect of nicotine in wild-type flies, it was stronger in dunce, which has defective phosphodiesterase, and in wild-type flies treated with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, whereas it was weaker in DC0, which has defective protein kinase A (PKA), and in wild-type flies treated with a PKA blocker.	Nicotine	29-37	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	302-305
15266655-5	2004	Thus, the effect of nicotine is enhanced by a mechanism involving the cAMP/PKA cascade.	Nicotine	20-28	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	75-78
15646012-5	2004	The increased biochemical marker enzymes as well as lipid peroxides in BALF and BAL of nicotine treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase.	Nicotine	87-95	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	230-238
15154117-5	2004	Univariate (single-marker) family-based association tests (FBATs) demonstrated that variant alleles at two SNPs, rs1044396 and rs1044397, in exon 5 of the CHRNA4 gene were significantly associated with a protective effect against nicotine addiction as either a dichotomized trait or a quantitative phenotype (i.e., age-adjusted FTND and RTQ scores), which was consistent with the results of the global haplotype FBAT.	Nicotine	230-238	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-161
15154117-6	2004	Furthermore, the haplotype-specific FBAT showed a common (22.5%) CHRNA4 haplotype, GCTATA, which was significantly associated with both a protective effect against nicotine addiction as a dichotomized trait (Z=-3.04, P<.005) and significant decreases of age-adjusted FTND (Z=-3.31, P<.005) or RTQ scores (Z=-2.73, P=.006).	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-71
15154117-7	2004	Our findings provide strong evidence suggesting a common CHRNA4 haplotype might be protective against vulnerability to nicotine addiction in men.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-63
15604714-1	2004	Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) catalyzes the first committed step of nicotine biosynthesis, converting putrescine into N-methylputrescine.	Nicotine	75-83	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	0-30
14993259-7	2004	Nicotine may temporarily lower insulin sensitivity by stimulating the secretion of TNF-alpha and FFA, whereas long-term direct stimulation of nAChRs by nicotine in addition to autonomic nervous system stimulation may contribute to better insulin sensitivity in vivo through a modulated secretion of adipocytokines.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
15604714-1	2004	Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) catalyzes the first committed step of nicotine biosynthesis, converting putrescine into N-methylputrescine.	Nicotine	75-83	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	32-35
15341088-2	2004	The experiments have shown that nicotine acts as an antiphlogistic means (the amount of C-reactive protein rises in the blood) and activates autoimmune processes: induction of rheumatic factor, of autoantibodies to serotonin, and glial fibrillar acid protein.	Nicotine	32-40	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	88-106
15354631-0	2004	Nicotine induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion and expression of adhesion molecules, VCAM and ICAM, in endothelial cells in vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
15354631-18	2004	Nicotine exposure at 3 hr induced expression of VCAM (ISI = 30.85+/-0.77) and to a lesser extent ICAM (ISI = 16.6+/-1.39) (p < 0.001).	Nicotine	0-8	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
15354631-20	2004	These data show nicotine"s ability to activate HUVEC as evidenced by induction of ICAM and VCAM expression in vitro.	Nicotine	16-24	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
15105971-6	2004	Anti-IgE induced histamine release was significantly inhibited by preincubation (15 min, 37 degrees C) with [-]-1-methyl-2-[3-pyridyl]pyrrolidine at the highest concentration tested 10(-)3 M (p<0.01).	Nicotine	108-145	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	5-8
15131760-7	2004	We conclude that nicotine patches may lead to mild hyperglycemia and lowered insulin sensitivity.	Nicotine	17-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
15131760-8	2004	Further research is needed to determine the clinical implications of the unexpected finding that nicotine decreased growth hormone levels in female smokers.	Nicotine	97-105	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	116-130
15037618-4	2004	Here we report that nicotine potently induces Bad phosphorylation at Ser112, Ser136, and Ser155 in a mechanism involving activation of MAPKs ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and PKA in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	20-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	141-147
15037618-4	2004	Here we report that nicotine potently induces Bad phosphorylation at Ser112, Ser136, and Ser155 in a mechanism involving activation of MAPKs ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and PKA in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	20-28	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
15037618-6	2004	Treatment of cells with PKC inhibitor (staurosporine), MEK-specific inhibitor (PD98059), PI3 kinase inhibitor (LY294002), or PKA inhibitor (H89) blocks the nicotine-induced Bad phosphorylation that is associated with enhanced apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	156-164	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	55-58
15037618-7	2004	The fact that beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor (propranolol) blocks nicotine-induced activation of ERK1/2, AKT, PKA, Bad phosphorylation, and cell survival suggests that nicotine-induced Bad phosphorylation may occur through the upstream beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	70-78	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
15037618-7	2004	The fact that beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor (propranolol) blocks nicotine-induced activation of ERK1/2, AKT, PKA, Bad phosphorylation, and cell survival suggests that nicotine-induced Bad phosphorylation may occur through the upstream beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	70-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
15037618-7	2004	The fact that beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor (propranolol) blocks nicotine-induced activation of ERK1/2, AKT, PKA, Bad phosphorylation, and cell survival suggests that nicotine-induced Bad phosphorylation may occur through the upstream beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	172-180	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
15037618-7	2004	The fact that beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor (propranolol) blocks nicotine-induced activation of ERK1/2, AKT, PKA, Bad phosphorylation, and cell survival suggests that nicotine-induced Bad phosphorylation may occur through the upstream beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	172-180	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
14701707-7	2004	Nicotine reduced tumor necrosis factor release and tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression after stimulation and decreased CD80 expression by 55% in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells and by 41% in S. rectivirgula-stimulated cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	74-88
14701707-7	2004	Nicotine reduced tumor necrosis factor release and tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression after stimulation and decreased CD80 expression by 55% in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells and by 41% in S. rectivirgula-stimulated cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	94-103
15132126-3	2004	In the 14 evaluable patients with complete primary efficacy data, nicotine (compared to placebo) failed to alter symptoms at 4 h but counteracted ERP-P300 signs of diminished attention seen 2 weeks following placebo treatment.	Nicotine	66-74	ETS transcription factor ELK3	Homo sapiens	146-149
15078556-4	2004	We studied the appearance of phospho-ERK immunoreactive neurons in CD-1 mouse brain following acute administration of drugs commonly abused by humans, cocaine, morphine, nicotine and THC, or of other psychoactive compounds including caffeine, scopolamine, antidepressants and antipsychotics.	Nicotine	170-178	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	37-40
15056277-7	2004	Acetylcholine and nicotine pre-treatment inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha release in murine-derived microglial cells, an effect attenuated by alpha 7 selective nicotinic antagonist, alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	18-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	82-91
15164609-7	2004	Nicotine transiently activates phosphorylation of ERK-, CREB and Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
15164609-7	2004	Nicotine transiently activates phosphorylation of ERK-, CREB and Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
15164609-8	2004	Nicotine induces the activation of both PI3 kinase/Act and ERK/CREB pathways via common pathways including non-alpha 7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
15164609-8	2004	Nicotine induces the activation of both PI3 kinase/Act and ERK/CREB pathways via common pathways including non-alpha 7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	252-255
14757108-1	2004	The aim of this study was to investigate xenobiotic metabolism and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) forms in precision-cut rat liver and lung slices, employing nicotine as a model compound.	Nicotine	162-170	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-95
15131760-0	2004	Acute effects of nicotine on serum glucose insulin growth hormone and cortisol in healthy smokers.	Nicotine	17-25	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	51-65
15131760-3	2004	Administration of a 14-mg transdermal nicotine patch resulted in nonsignificantly lowered fasting quantitative insulin-sensitivity index (P =.11) and a nonsignificant 9.3-mg/dL mean increase in serum glucose levels during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at time 60 minutes (P =.12).	Nicotine	38-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
15131760-6	2004	A secondary finding observed in the overall study group (primarily in females) was that nicotine caused a 29% median decrease in serum growth hormone (P =.02).	Nicotine	88-96	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	135-149
15050402-0	2004	Intraportal nicotine infusion in rats decreases hepatic blood flow through endothelin-1 and both endothelin A and endothelin B receptors.	Nicotine	12-20	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-87
14972772-2	2004	In this study, the authors investigated the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the expression mRNA of cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP1A1, CYP2A3, and CYP2B1.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-153
14972772-2	2004	In this study, the authors investigated the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the expression mRNA of cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP1A1, CYP2A3, and CYP2B1.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
15009674-7	2004	The effect of Abeta1-42 on AChE was blocked by inhibitors of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7 nAChRs) as well as by inhibitors of L- or N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), whereas agonists of alpha7 nAChRs (choline, nicotine) increased the level of AChE.	Nicotine	247-255	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-31
14757108-1	2004	The aim of this study was to investigate xenobiotic metabolism and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) forms in precision-cut rat liver and lung slices, employing nicotine as a model compound.	Nicotine	162-170	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
14974818-12	2003	(4) The independent inhibitory effects of nicotine and glucose on metabolic yields of DHT were marginally more pronounced in combination but significantly overcome in the presence of insulin.	Nicotine	42-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
15043349-1	2004	Nicotine has been documented to regulate the release of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP).	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	72-83
15043349-4	2004	We report a case of a 39-year-old man who experienced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone while on nicotine patch therapy.	Nicotine	110-118	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	80-100
15043349-5	2004	We theorize that the constant serum concentration of nicotine levels provided through the patch may cause hyponatremia through the continuous stimulation of vasopressin.	Nicotine	53-61	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	157-168
14757701-0	2004	Nicotine attenuates beta-amyloid peptide-induced neurotoxicity, free radical and calcium accumulation in hippocampal neuronal cultures.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	20-40
14757701-3	2004	Nicotine as a major component of cigarette smoke has been suggested to have a protective effect for neurons against A beta neurotoxicity.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	116-122
14757701-5	2004	Our present study demonstrates that nicotine protected cultured hippocampal neurons against the A beta-induced apoptosis.	Nicotine	36-44	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	96-102
14757701-6	2004	Nicotine effectively inhibits apoptosis in hippocampal cultures caused by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40) treatment and increase of caspase activity induced by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40).	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	74-80
14757701-6	2004	Nicotine effectively inhibits apoptosis in hippocampal cultures caused by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40) treatment and increase of caspase activity induced by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40).	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	91-97
14757701-6	2004	Nicotine effectively inhibits apoptosis in hippocampal cultures caused by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40) treatment and increase of caspase activity induced by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40).	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	91-97
14757701-6	2004	Nicotine effectively inhibits apoptosis in hippocampal cultures caused by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40) treatment and increase of caspase activity induced by A beta(25-35) or A beta(1-40).	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	91-97
14757701-8	2004	Measurements of cellular oxidation and intracellular free Ca(2+) showed that nicotine suppressed A beta-induced accumulation of free radical and increase of intracellular free Ca(2+).	Nicotine	77-85	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	97-103
14757701-10	2004	Cholinergic antagonist mecamylamine inhibited nicotine-induced protection against A beta-induced caspase-3 activation and ROS accumulation.	Nicotine	46-54	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	82-88
14757701-10	2004	Cholinergic antagonist mecamylamine inhibited nicotine-induced protection against A beta-induced caspase-3 activation and ROS accumulation.	Nicotine	46-54	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	97-106
14592853-0	2004	Nicotine enhances angiotensin II-induced mitogenic response in vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	18-32
14592853-2	2004	We examined the potential possibility of an interaction between nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, and angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases characterized by Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and fibroblasts.	Nicotine	64-72	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	116-130
14592853-2	2004	We examined the potential possibility of an interaction between nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, and angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases characterized by Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and fibroblasts.	Nicotine	64-72	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
14592853-2	2004	We examined the potential possibility of an interaction between nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, and angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases characterized by Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and fibroblasts.	Nicotine	64-72	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	235-241
14592853-5	2004	Nicotine or Ang II stimulation rapidly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), in both cell types.	Nicotine	0-8	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	49-86
14592853-5	2004	Nicotine or Ang II stimulation rapidly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), in both cell types.	Nicotine	0-8	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
14592853-6	2004	Interestingly, co-administration of nicotine and Ang II at lower doses, which did not affect cell growth, induced DNA synthesis and c-fos expression accompanied by enhancement of ERK, STAT, and p38MAPK activity.	Nicotine	36-44	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
14592853-7	2004	PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor, or SB23058, a p38MAPK inhibitor, significantly attenuated the vasotrophic effect of nicotine and Ang II.	Nicotine	150-158	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
14592853-8	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that nicotine exerts a growth-promoting effect on vascular cells and enhances the Ang II-induced vasotrophic effect, which is at least partly mediated by the activation of ERK, STAT, and p38MAPK.	Nicotine	40-48	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	117-123
14592853-8	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that nicotine exerts a growth-promoting effect on vascular cells and enhances the Ang II-induced vasotrophic effect, which is at least partly mediated by the activation of ERK, STAT, and p38MAPK.	Nicotine	40-48	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	207-210
15332118-5	2004	In addition, nicotine treatment up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related factors including bcl-2 mRNA and protein, but down-regulated the expression of bax mRNA and protein.	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
15671691-3	2004	The enhanced circulatory lipid peroxides in nicotine-treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.	Nicotine	44-52	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	222-230
14745115-14	2004	These findings indicate that a single systematic administration of nicotine may attenuate the plasma exudation in the PSAR by suppressing the production of NO in the PMNs primed with TNF-alpha via nicotine-induced endogenous glucocorticoid.	Nicotine	67-75	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	183-192
14745115-14	2004	These findings indicate that a single systematic administration of nicotine may attenuate the plasma exudation in the PSAR by suppressing the production of NO in the PMNs primed with TNF-alpha via nicotine-induced endogenous glucocorticoid.	Nicotine	197-205	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	183-192
14653958-0	2003	Increase of beta1-adrenergic receptor gene expression induced by nicotine in hippocampal slice of rat.	Nicotine	65-73	adrenoceptor beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-37
14653958-1	2003	AIM: To investigate the effect of nicotine on beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR) in the hippocampal slice of rat.	Nicotine	34-42	adrenoceptor beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-71
14653958-1	2003	AIM: To investigate the effect of nicotine on beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR) in the hippocampal slice of rat.	Nicotine	34-42	adrenoceptor beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-81
14653958-4	2003	RESULTS: The mRNA gene expression and the protein level of beta1-adrenergic receptor in hippocampal slices were increased after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	128-136	adrenoceptor beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-84
14653958-6	2003	CONCLUSION: Both expression of beta1- adrenergic receptor gene transcription and post-transcriptional protein level in rat hippocampus were altered by nicotine.	Nicotine	151-159	adrenoceptor beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-57
15077008-0	2004	Nicotine dependence in a prospective population-based study of adolescents: the protective role of a functional tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	112-132
15077008-3	2004	The importance of this gene in nicotine dependence is supported by many studies showing a link between nicotine administration and TH expression.	Nicotine	31-39	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	131-133
15077008-3	2004	The importance of this gene in nicotine dependence is supported by many studies showing a link between nicotine administration and TH expression.	Nicotine	103-111	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	131-133
14754452-9	2004	Undesirable side effects of nicotine are well known, but as we will discuss in detail, these effects are not produced by all neuronal nAChR agonists and the existence of neuronal nAChR subtypes may provide a basis for separating therapeutic effects from toxicities.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
14965298-1	2004	The extraordinary pharmacology of nicotine and epibatidine have indicated the potential for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands to serve as a new therapeutic class for a host of CNS disorders.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-124
14965298-1	2004	The extraordinary pharmacology of nicotine and epibatidine have indicated the potential for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands to serve as a new therapeutic class for a host of CNS disorders.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
14965300-2	2004	Recently, we constructed three-dimensional models of the N-terminal part of nAChR and docked in the putative ligand-binding pocket, different agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine and epibatidine) and antagonist (snake alpha-bungarotoxin).	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
20021100-4	2004	Enhanced lipid peroxidation (41.68%) in the circulation of nicotine treated animals was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase.	Nicotine	59-67	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	239-247
14657181-0	2003	Angiotensin II blocks nicotine-mediated neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) via activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1.	Nicotine	22-30	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
14657181-3	2003	We also showed that preincubation with angiotensin II (Ang II), functioning via the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor, blocked both the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 and its neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42).	Nicotine	139-147	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	39-53
14657181-3	2003	We also showed that preincubation with angiotensin II (Ang II), functioning via the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor, blocked both the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 and its neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42).	Nicotine	139-147	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
14657181-6	2003	We found that Ang II induced the activation of SHP-1 and that an antisense against SHP-1 not only augmented the nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 but also blocked the Ang II neutralization of the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	112-120	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
14657181-6	2003	We found that Ang II induced the activation of SHP-1 and that an antisense against SHP-1 not only augmented the nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 but also blocked the Ang II neutralization of the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	112-120	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	183-189
14657181-6	2003	We found that Ang II induced the activation of SHP-1 and that an antisense against SHP-1 not only augmented the nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 but also blocked the Ang II neutralization of the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	212-220	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	183-189
14657181-7	2003	These results demonstrate that nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42) in PC12 cells are blocked by Ang II via AT2 receptor-induced activation of SHP-1.	Nicotine	31-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
14691373-4	2003	Pharmacogenetics 12:197-208) reported that a polymorphism (A529T) in the alpha4 nAChR subunit gene is associated with variability in nicotine"s effects on startle in the LSxSS recombinant inbred (RI) strains.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	73-85
14622092-3	2003	The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is also neuroprotective, however, in the presence of nicotine, neuroprotection against NMDA is abolished.	Nicotine	118-126	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	26-53
14622092-3	2003	The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is also neuroprotective, however, in the presence of nicotine, neuroprotection against NMDA is abolished.	Nicotine	118-126	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-63
14622092-4	2003	The specificity of nicotine-TNFalpha antagonism was further refined using a mouse transgenic dominant negative of nAChRalpha7 in which nicotine failed to induce neuroprotection against NMDA and antagonism of TNFalpha was absent.	Nicotine	19-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	28-36
14622092-6	2003	The mechanism of TNFalpha-mediated neuroprotection and antagonism by nicotine was independent of caspase 8 activation or nuclear factor kappa B translocation in neurons but C6-ceramide addition to neuronal cultures subsequently exposed to NMDA mimicked the neuroprotective effect of TNFalpha and, like TNFalpha, it was antagonized by cotreatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	69-77	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	17-25
14622092-6	2003	The mechanism of TNFalpha-mediated neuroprotection and antagonism by nicotine was independent of caspase 8 activation or nuclear factor kappa B translocation in neurons but C6-ceramide addition to neuronal cultures subsequently exposed to NMDA mimicked the neuroprotective effect of TNFalpha and, like TNFalpha, it was antagonized by cotreatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	69-77	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	283-291
14622092-6	2003	The mechanism of TNFalpha-mediated neuroprotection and antagonism by nicotine was independent of caspase 8 activation or nuclear factor kappa B translocation in neurons but C6-ceramide addition to neuronal cultures subsequently exposed to NMDA mimicked the neuroprotective effect of TNFalpha and, like TNFalpha, it was antagonized by cotreatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	69-77	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	283-291
14622092-6	2003	The mechanism of TNFalpha-mediated neuroprotection and antagonism by nicotine was independent of caspase 8 activation or nuclear factor kappa B translocation in neurons but C6-ceramide addition to neuronal cultures subsequently exposed to NMDA mimicked the neuroprotective effect of TNFalpha and, like TNFalpha, it was antagonized by cotreatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	351-359	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	17-25
14974818-13	2003	CONCLUSION: Human gingival fibroblasts obtained from chronically inflamed tissue of nondiabetic patients demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of glucose and nicotine on androgen metabolism can be overcome by insulin, in varying degrees.	Nicotine	161-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	212-219
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
14515338-1	2003	We sought to investigate the effect of nicotine exposure (chronic and acute) on serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in two regions of the brain important for behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	39-47	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	80-101
14515338-1	2003	We sought to investigate the effect of nicotine exposure (chronic and acute) on serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in two regions of the brain important for behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	39-47	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
14515338-1	2003	We sought to investigate the effect of nicotine exposure (chronic and acute) on serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in two regions of the brain important for behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	80-101
14515338-1	2003	We sought to investigate the effect of nicotine exposure (chronic and acute) on serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in two regions of the brain important for behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
14515338-6	2003	SERT binding studies, using prefrontocortical or hippocampal membrane preparations, revealed that chronic nicotine exposure significantly increased B(max) which correlated to an increase in SERT density.	Nicotine	106-114	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
14515338-6	2003	SERT binding studies, using prefrontocortical or hippocampal membrane preparations, revealed that chronic nicotine exposure significantly increased B(max) which correlated to an increase in SERT density.	Nicotine	106-114	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
12960242-0	2003	Nicotine induces human neutrophils to produce IL-8 through the generation of peroxynitrite and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	46-50
12960242-0	2003	Nicotine induces human neutrophils to produce IL-8 through the generation of peroxynitrite and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	120-129
12960242-3	2003	Nicotine stimulated neutrophils to produce IL-8 in both time- and concentration-dependent manners with a 50% effective concentration of 1.89 mM.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	43-47
12960242-4	2003	A degradation of IkappaB-alpha/beta proteins and an activity of NF-kappaB p65 and p50 were enhanced following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	64-73
12960242-6	2003	The NOS inhibitor, nomega-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, prevented nicotine-induced IL-8 production, with an entire abrogation of DHR oxidation, IkappaB degradation, and NF-kappaB activity.	Nicotine	67-75	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	84-88
12960242-6	2003	The NOS inhibitor, nomega-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, prevented nicotine-induced IL-8 production, with an entire abrogation of DHR oxidation, IkappaB degradation, and NF-kappaB activity.	Nicotine	67-75	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	170-179
12960242-7	2003	Neutrophils spontaneously produced NO whose production was not increased, but rather decreased by nicotine stimulation, suggesting that superoxide, produced by nicotine, generates peroxynitrite by reacting with preformed NO, which enhances the NF-kappaB activity, thereby producing IL-8.	Nicotine	160-168	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	244-253
12960242-7	2003	Neutrophils spontaneously produced NO whose production was not increased, but rather decreased by nicotine stimulation, suggesting that superoxide, produced by nicotine, generates peroxynitrite by reacting with preformed NO, which enhances the NF-kappaB activity, thereby producing IL-8.	Nicotine	160-168	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	282-286
12960242-10	2003	In conclusion, nicotine stimulates neutrophil-IL-8 production via nAChR by generating peroxynitrite and subsequent NF-kappaB activation, and the IL-8 appears to contribute to leukocytosis in tobacco smokers.	Nicotine	15-23	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	46-50
12960242-10	2003	In conclusion, nicotine stimulates neutrophil-IL-8 production via nAChR by generating peroxynitrite and subsequent NF-kappaB activation, and the IL-8 appears to contribute to leukocytosis in tobacco smokers.	Nicotine	15-23	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	115-124
14651807-6	2003	Mecamylamine (a non-specific antagonist of nAChRs) and alpha-bungarotoxin (a specific antagonist of the nAChRalpha7) completely inhibited nicotine-mediated protection against arachidonic acid-induced alterations of BDNF and FGF-2.	Nicotine	138-146	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	224-229
14619984-9	2003	Nicotine by a cAMP-protein kinase A signaling system elevates the endogenous vasopressin level, which plays an aggressive role in the development of gastroduodenal lesions.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	77-88
14568117-0	2003	Nicotine upregulates nerve growth factor expression and prevents apoptosis of cultured spinal cord neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	21-40
14568117-2	2003	Therefore, the effects of nicotine on expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase A (trkA), were studied in cultured spinal cord neurons treated with arachidonic acid.	Nicotine	26-34	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	52-71
14568117-2	2003	Therefore, the effects of nicotine on expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase A (trkA), were studied in cultured spinal cord neurons treated with arachidonic acid.	Nicotine	26-34	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
14568117-4	2003	Treatment with nicotine markedly upregulated NGF mRNA and protein expression in spinal cord neurons.	Nicotine	15-23	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	45-48
14568117-8	2003	The present results indicate that increased expression of NGF may be an important element of the neuroprotective effects of nicotine in injured spinal cord neurons.	Nicotine	124-132	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
14511764-4	2003	The most widely studied and successful of these compounds, called NT69L, holds promise as a therapeutic agent for Parkinson"s disease, schizophrenia, psychostimulant abuse and nicotine dependence, and serves as a tool to study the cellular and molecular effects of NT.	Nicotine	176-184	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	66-68
12637259-2	2003	Chronic nicotine exposure leads to insulin resistance and may increase the risk of developing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in young otherwise healthy smokers.	Nicotine	8-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
12794008-6	2003	Treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against L-, E-, or P-selectin after exposure of lung allografts to nicotine resulted in variable but significant inhibition of nicotine-induced rolling, whereas nicotine-induced subsequent adhesion was inhibited by MAbs against L- and P-selectin but not E-selectin.	Nicotine	119-127	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	71-81
12794008-6	2003	Treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against L-, E-, or P-selectin after exposure of lung allografts to nicotine resulted in variable but significant inhibition of nicotine-induced rolling, whereas nicotine-induced subsequent adhesion was inhibited by MAbs against L- and P-selectin but not E-selectin.	Nicotine	179-187	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	71-81
14756309-0	2003	Antisense-mediated down-regulation of putrescine N-methyltransferase activity in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. can lead to elevated levels of anatabine at the expense of nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	38-68
12962196-7	2003	Activated Akt-Ser473 was greater in control MEE than in nicotine treated tissues; while there was no difference in activated Smad2 between groups.	Nicotine	56-64	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	10-13
12850594-0	2003	Novel neurotensin analog blocks the initiation and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	65-73	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	6-17
12850594-1	2003	Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide that participates in regulation of dopaminergic pathways implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	103-111	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	0-11
12850594-2	2003	Previously, we showed that one of our brain-penetrating neurotensin analogs, NT69L, blocks nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	91-99	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	56-67
12878695-4	2003	Examination of behavioral phenotypes, including defecation, thrashing, and sensitivities to aldicarb and nicotine suggests that UNC-2 acts presynaptically to mediate both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.	Nicotine	105-113	EF-hand domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	128-133
12941074-0	2003	Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	104-112	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	13-29
12941074-4	2003	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA gene and protein in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).	Nicotine	75-83	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	105-121
12941074-4	2003	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA gene and protein in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).	Nicotine	75-83	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	123-128
12941074-5	2003	Furthermore, to elucidate whether induction of COX-2 may be associated with nicotine- induced cytotoxicity, NS-398 (a selective COX-2 inhibitor), was added to test its protective effect.	Nicotine	76-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
12941074-8	2003	RESULTS: The exposure of quiescent human HGFs to nicotine resulted in the induction of COX-2 mRNA expression.	Nicotine	49-57	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
12941074-9	2003	The levels of the COX-2 mRNAs increased about 1.5 and 2.5 fold after exposure to 2.5 and 15 mm nicotine for 2 h (P < 0.05), respectively.	Nicotine	95-103	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
12941074-10	2003	Moreover, the peak of COX-2 mRNA levels induced by nicotine was 10 mm at 2 h incubation period.	Nicotine	51-59	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
12941074-11	2003	Investigations of the time dependence of COX-2 mRNA expression in nicotine-treated HGFs revealed a rapid accumulation of the transcript, a signal first detectable at 30 min and diminished to control level after 8 h. In addition, 10 mm nicotine also induced COX-2 protein expression in HGFs.	Nicotine	66-74	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	41-46
12941074-11	2003	Investigations of the time dependence of COX-2 mRNA expression in nicotine-treated HGFs revealed a rapid accumulation of the transcript, a signal first detectable at 30 min and diminished to control level after 8 h. In addition, 10 mm nicotine also induced COX-2 protein expression in HGFs.	Nicotine	66-74	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	257-262
12941074-11	2003	Investigations of the time dependence of COX-2 mRNA expression in nicotine-treated HGFs revealed a rapid accumulation of the transcript, a signal first detectable at 30 min and diminished to control level after 8 h. In addition, 10 mm nicotine also induced COX-2 protein expression in HGFs.	Nicotine	235-243	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	41-46
12941074-11	2003	Investigations of the time dependence of COX-2 mRNA expression in nicotine-treated HGFs revealed a rapid accumulation of the transcript, a signal first detectable at 30 min and diminished to control level after 8 h. In addition, 10 mm nicotine also induced COX-2 protein expression in HGFs.	Nicotine	235-243	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	257-262
12941074-13	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the activation of COX-2 expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	67-75	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
12941074-13	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the activation of COX-2 expression by nicotine suggests a potential role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated periodontal disease.	Nicotine	106-114	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
12893845-13	2003	After high nicotine cigarette smoking, prolactin increased to hyperpro-lactinemic levels within 6 min and remained significantly above baseline levels for 42 min (P < 0.05-0.03).	Nicotine	11-19	prolactin	Homo sapiens	39-48
14500836-8	2003	Recruitment of p300 to the NIC-containing complex was facilitated by activated Smad1, which is suggested to contribute to BMP2-mediated enhancement of Notch-induced Hes-5 expression.	Nicotine	27-30	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	122-126
12794008-6	2003	Treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against L-, E-, or P-selectin after exposure of lung allografts to nicotine resulted in variable but significant inhibition of nicotine-induced rolling, whereas nicotine-induced subsequent adhesion was inhibited by MAbs against L- and P-selectin but not E-selectin.	Nicotine	179-187	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	71-81
14570305-10	2003	Moreover, the release of nicotine from six production batches met the criteria of USP 24.	Nicotine	25-33	ubiquitin specific peptidase 24	Homo sapiens	82-88
12750430-0	2003	Rat hepatic CYP2E1 is induced by very low nicotine doses: an investigation of induction, time course, dose response, and mechanism.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	12-18
12750430-2	2003	Cigarette smoke increases CYP2E1 activity in rodents and in humans and we have shown that nicotine (0.1-1.0 mg/kg s.c. x 7 days) increases CYP2E1 protein and activity in the rat liver.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	26-32
12750430-2	2003	Cigarette smoke increases CYP2E1 activity in rodents and in humans and we have shown that nicotine (0.1-1.0 mg/kg s.c. x 7 days) increases CYP2E1 protein and activity in the rat liver.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	139-145
12750430-4	2003	We found that CYP2E1 is induced by very low doses of chronic (x 7 days) nicotine with an ED50 value of 0.01 mg/kg s.c.; 0.01 mg/kg in a rat model results in peak cotinine levels (nicotine metabolite) similar to those found in people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (passive smokers; 2-7 ng/ml).	Nicotine	72-80	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
12750430-4	2003	We found that CYP2E1 is induced by very low doses of chronic (x 7 days) nicotine with an ED50 value of 0.01 mg/kg s.c.; 0.01 mg/kg in a rat model results in peak cotinine levels (nicotine metabolite) similar to those found in people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (passive smokers; 2-7 ng/ml).	Nicotine	179-187	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
12750430-7	2003	Our findings indicate that nicotine increases CYP2E1 at very low doses and may enhance CYP2E1-related toxicity in smokers, passive smokers, and people treated with nicotine (e.g., smokers, patients with Alzheimer"s disease, ulcerative colitis or Parkinson"s disease).	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
12750430-7	2003	Our findings indicate that nicotine increases CYP2E1 at very low doses and may enhance CYP2E1-related toxicity in smokers, passive smokers, and people treated with nicotine (e.g., smokers, patients with Alzheimer"s disease, ulcerative colitis or Parkinson"s disease).	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
12750430-7	2003	Our findings indicate that nicotine increases CYP2E1 at very low doses and may enhance CYP2E1-related toxicity in smokers, passive smokers, and people treated with nicotine (e.g., smokers, patients with Alzheimer"s disease, ulcerative colitis or Parkinson"s disease).	Nicotine	164-172	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
12871652-3	2003	Chrna4 A529T is associated with several measures of acute sensitivity to nicotine as well as with mouse strain differences in nicotine-stimulated (86)Rb(+) efflux from synaptosomes.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	0-6
12871652-3	2003	Chrna4 A529T is associated with several measures of acute sensitivity to nicotine as well as with mouse strain differences in nicotine-stimulated (86)Rb(+) efflux from synaptosomes.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	0-6
12795588-1	2003	Catestatin is an active 21-residue peptide derived from the chromogranin A (CgA) precursor, and catestatin is secreted from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells as an autocrine regulator of nicotine-stimulated catecholamine release.	Nicotine	185-193	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-10
12858318-0	2003	C-reactive protein and depressed mood in a sub-group of smokers during nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	71-79	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
12858318-8	2003	An increase in symptoms of depressed mood and a fall in heart rate occurred only in those who displayed increased CRP with nicotine abstinence ( p < 0.05), while systolic blood pressure fell only in those whose CRP levels decreased with abstinence ( p < 0.05).	Nicotine	123-131	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	114-117
12801589-2	2003	These data strongly support the hypothesis that a neurotensin agonist will be clinically useful to treat the abuse of psychostimulants, including nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	50-61
12795588-1	2003	Catestatin is an active 21-residue peptide derived from the chromogranin A (CgA) precursor, and catestatin is secreted from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells as an autocrine regulator of nicotine-stimulated catecholamine release.	Nicotine	185-193	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	60-74
12795588-1	2003	Catestatin is an active 21-residue peptide derived from the chromogranin A (CgA) precursor, and catestatin is secreted from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells as an autocrine regulator of nicotine-stimulated catecholamine release.	Nicotine	185-193	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	96-106
12777962-0	2003	CYP2E1*1D regulatory polymorphism: association with alcohol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
12777962-7	2003	Although the power of the association study was low among some subgroups, the CYP2E1*1D genotype (subjects with at least one variant allele) was associated with alcohol as well as nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	180-188	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	78-84
12777962-8	2003	Specifically, Canadian Native Indians dependent on nicotine alone or alcohol alone exhibited significantly greater CYP2E1*1D frequencies compared to non-drug dependent controls, while the variant frequency among Southeast Asians dependent on nicotine was greater than their non-drug dependent counterparts.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
12777962-11	2003	The association of CYP2E1*1D with alcohol and nicotine dependence suggests that CYP2E1 may contribute to the development of these dependencies.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
12777962-11	2003	The association of CYP2E1*1D with alcohol and nicotine dependence suggests that CYP2E1 may contribute to the development of these dependencies.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
12588870-2	2003	Up-regulation, an increase in numbers of radioligand-binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), occurs on exposure to nicotine at high concentrations.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
12606154-0	2003	Nicotine increases oxidative stress, activates NF-kappaB and GRP78, induces apoptosis and sensitizes cells to genotoxic/xenobiotic stresses by a multiple stress inducer, deoxycholate: relevance to colon carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	61-66
12782338-4	2003	In the presence of nicotine the inhibitory effect of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-18 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha on LTP was eliminated.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	53-71
12669178-0	2003	Corticotropin releasing factor antagonist, alpha-helical CRF(9-41), reverses nicotine-induced conditioned, but not unconditioned, anxiety.	Nicotine	77-85	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-30
12735692-9	2003	Compared to those of the control group, the GLT-1 expression levels of all the nicotine-treated groups were higher, particularly in the continuously treated group.	Nicotine	79-87	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
12711639-0	2003	Brain CYP2E1 is induced by nicotine and ethanol in rat and is higher in smokers and alcoholics.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-12
12711639-4	2003	Ethanol and nicotine can induce hepatic CYP2E1 and we hypothesized that both centrally active drugs could also induce CYP2E1 within the <protein-id="29588">brain.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
12711639-4	2003	Ethanol and nicotine can induce hepatic CYP2E1 and we hypothesized that both centrally active drugs could also induce CYP2E1 within the <protein-id="29588">brain.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
12711639-12	2003	4 To investigate if nicotine could contribute to the increased CYP2E1 observed in alcoholic smokers, we treated human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells in culture and found significantly higher CYP2E1 immunostaining in nicotine-treated cells (0.1-10 nM).	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
12711639-12	2003	4 To investigate if nicotine could contribute to the increased CYP2E1 observed in alcoholic smokers, we treated human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells in culture and found significantly higher CYP2E1 immunostaining in nicotine-treated cells (0.1-10 nM).	Nicotine	212-220	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
12711639-12	2003	4 To investigate if nicotine could contribute to the increased CYP2E1 observed in alcoholic smokers, we treated human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells in culture and found significantly higher CYP2E1 immunostaining in nicotine-treated cells (0.1-10 nM).	Nicotine	212-220	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	187-193
12711639-14	2003	CYP2E1 induction in the brain, by ethanol or nicotine, may influence the central effects of ethanol and the development of nervous tissue pathologies observed in alcoholics and smokers.	Nicotine	45-53	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
12740598-8	2003	Daily treatment with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) or the peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid (UA) prevented the tyrosine nitration of synaptophysin as well as the impairment of nicotine-evoked ACh release induced by Abeta.	Nicotine	185-193	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
12628462-1	2003	In the present study we have used RT-PCR to investigate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit expression, and studied the effect of nicotine on TNFalpha-induced cytokine (IL-8) release in the epithelial cell line HT29.	Nicotine	143-151	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-163
12628462-4	2003	IL-8 release was measured by ELISA from cells activated for 6 h with TNFalpha (50 ng ml(-1)) in the absence and presence of nicotine (10(-11)-10(-6) M).	Nicotine	124-132	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
12628462-7	2003	Nicotine significantly inhibited TNFalpha-induced IL-8 release in a concentration related manner with peak inhibition occurring at 10(-7) M (2.39 +/- 0.78 ng ml(-1), n = 5).	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-41
12628462-7	2003	Nicotine significantly inhibited TNFalpha-induced IL-8 release in a concentration related manner with peak inhibition occurring at 10(-7) M (2.39 +/- 0.78 ng ml(-1), n = 5).	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	50-54
12628473-4	2003	In addition, we examined the long-term effect of nicotine on the expression of selected nAChR subunits using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
12628473-7	2003	Nicotine (0.01-10 microM) also concentration-dependently down-regulated expression of mRNAs for all the nAChR subunits tested: expression of the alpha6 and alpha7 subunits was down-regulated within 1 week, while expression of the alpha3 and alpha5 subunits declined gradually throughout the 8-week experimental period.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
12628473-8	2003	These findings indicate that nicotine--and therefore likely smoking--affects immune function by suppressing expression of the neuronal nAChR subtype involved in Ca(2+) signaling in lymphocytes.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
12620422-3	2003	The possibility that subtype-selective ligands be used in the treatment of CNS disorders promoted the synthesis of a large number of structural analogues of nicotine and epibatidine, two very potent nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-204
12725137-7	2003	RESULTS: Nicotine decreased IL-10 and increased IL-6 levels in small bowel mucosa (from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 pg/ml and from 1.9 +/- 0.4 to 13.6 +/- 0.4 pg/ml respectively; P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
12725137-9	2003	Rats treated with nicotine had lower IL-6 and IL-2 blood levels compared to control rats.	Nicotine	18-26	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
12614343-0	2003	In vivo nicotine treatment regulates mesocorticolimbic CREB and ERK signaling in C57Bl/6J mice.	Nicotine	8-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	55-59
12614343-0	2003	In vivo nicotine treatment regulates mesocorticolimbic CREB and ERK signaling in C57Bl/6J mice.	Nicotine	8-16	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	64-67
12614343-1	2003	The extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was studied to determine its role in neuronal plasticity related to the development of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	136-144	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	4-34
12614343-1	2003	The extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was studied to determine its role in neuronal plasticity related to the development of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	136-144	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	36-39
12614343-4	2003	CREB phosphorylation was reduced in the nucleus accumbens following chronic nicotine, consistent with previous reports that decreased accumbens CREB activity increases drug reinforcement.	Nicotine	76-84	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-4
12614343-4	2003	CREB phosphorylation was reduced in the nucleus accumbens following chronic nicotine, consistent with previous reports that decreased accumbens CREB activity increases drug reinforcement.	Nicotine	76-84	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	144-148
12614343-5	2003	In contrast, CREB phosphorylation was increased in the prefrontal cortex following chronic nicotine exposure and in the ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	91-99	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	13-17
12614343-5	2003	In contrast, CREB phosphorylation was increased in the prefrontal cortex following chronic nicotine exposure and in the ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	150-158	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	13-17
12614343-6	2003	In addition, total and phosphorylated ERK decreased in the amygdala following chronic nicotine exposure, but ERK phosphorylation increased in the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	86-94	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	38-41
12614343-8	2003	Overall, these results support a role for ERK and CREB activity in neural plasticity associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	101-109	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	42-45
12614343-8	2003	Overall, these results support a role for ERK and CREB activity in neural plasticity associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	101-109	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	50-54
12604705-0	2003	Active transport of high-affinity choline and nicotine analogs into the central nervous system by the blood-brain barrier choline transporter.	Nicotine	46-54	solute carrier family 6 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	122-141
12604094-3	2003	Intrahippocampal administration of a high dose of nicotine (1 micro g, 4.3 mM) had an anxiogenic effect in the social interaction test that was reversed by co-administration of a behaviourally inactive dose (1.9 ng, 4.3 micro M) of methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is an antagonist at alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR subunits.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	302-307
12494400-0	2003	Increased dopamine D3 receptor expression accompanying behavioral sensitization to nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	83-91	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	10-30
12610655-0	2003	Disruption of nicotine conditioning by dopamine D(3) receptor ligands.	Nicotine	14-22	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	39-61
12573488-0	2003	Induction of nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1 by ethanol and ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1 by nicotine: summary and implications.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
12573488-4	2003	This review summarizes recent studies published from our laboratory focusing on metabolic aspects of tolerance, which demonstrate that in rat, subchronic, behaviourally relevant doses of ethanol induce hepatic nicotine-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1, and that subchronically administered nicotine, at behaviourally relevant doses, induces hepatic ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1.	Nicotine	210-218	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	376-382
12573488-6	2003	CYP2E1 protein and activity were induced by nicotine, but no changes were seen in levels of CYP2E1 mRNA.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
12575981-10	2003	Nicotine increased by two- to three-fold the expression of monocyte adhesion molecules CD11b and CD11a; the expression of the endothelial adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1; and the endothelial release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin subunit alpha M	Bos taurus	87-92
12735692-10	2003	According to the results from the immochemistry procedure, the cerebellar GLAST and GLT-1 expression levels of all nicotine-treated groups were lower than those of the control group at each age.	Nicotine	115-123	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
12735692-11	2003	However, the immunoblotting procedure showed that the cerebellar GLT-1 expression levels of all the nicotine-treated groups were higher than those of the control group, except for the rats that were continuously exposed for 8 weeks using immunoblotting.	Nicotine	100-108	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
12735692-12	2003	These results suggest that the expression of the glial GLAST and GLT-1 are altered differently depending on the initial exposure time and the particular period of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	163-171	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
12576193-0	2003	Nicotine administration decreases neuropeptide Y expression and increases leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus of food-deprived rats.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	34-48
12576193-1	2003	The effects of nicotine on the expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and leptin receptor in the rat hypothalamus were investigated via immunohistochemistry.	Nicotine	15-23	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	46-60
12576193-1	2003	The effects of nicotine on the expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and leptin receptor in the rat hypothalamus were investigated via immunohistochemistry.	Nicotine	15-23	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
12576193-2	2003	The results show that NPY expression is not affected in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) and is increased only slightly in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by nicotine administration under normal (i.e. fed) conditions and that leptin receptor expression is decreased slightly in the ARN and not affected in the PVN following nicotine treatment under the same conditions.	Nicotine	153-161	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
12576193-2	2003	The results show that NPY expression is not affected in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) and is increased only slightly in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by nicotine administration under normal (i.e. fed) conditions and that leptin receptor expression is decreased slightly in the ARN and not affected in the PVN following nicotine treatment under the same conditions.	Nicotine	319-327	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
12576193-4	2003	Nicotine administration resulted in decreased NPY and increased leptin receptor levels.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
12566374-5	2003	METHODS AND RESULTS: Nicotine dose-dependently (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L) induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules (ie, CD86, CD40), MHC class II, and adhesion molecules (ie, LFA-1, CD54).	Nicotine	21-29	CD86 antigen	Mus musculus	126-130
12566374-8	2003	The effects of nicotine were mediated in part by the phosphorylation of the PI3 kinase downstream target Akt and the mitogen-activated kinases ERK and p38 MAPK.	Nicotine	15-23	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	105-108
12594236-0	2003	Central role of fibroblast alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in mediating cutaneous effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	27-33
12421819-6	2003	Nicotine induces activation of PKC alpha and the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, which are physiological Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40
12637038-0	2003	The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on the cortical EEG are reduced following adolescent nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	99-107	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	15-45
12421819-0	2003	A functional role for nicotine in Bcl2 phosphorylation and suppression of apoptosis.	Nicotine	22-30	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
12421819-4	2003	It is possible that nicotine may regulate Bcl2 to stimulate cell survival.	Nicotine	20-28	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	42-46
12421819-5	2003	Here we report that nicotine can induce Bcl2 phosphorylation exclusively at the serine 70 site in association with prolonged survival of SCLC H82 cells expressing wild-type but not the phosphorylation-deficient S70A mutant Bcl2 after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. cisplatin or VP-16).	Nicotine	20-28	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
12421819-5	2003	Here we report that nicotine can induce Bcl2 phosphorylation exclusively at the serine 70 site in association with prolonged survival of SCLC H82 cells expressing wild-type but not the phosphorylation-deficient S70A mutant Bcl2 after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. cisplatin or VP-16).	Nicotine	20-28	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	223-227
12208819-5	2003	Whereas ionized nicotine binds at an anionic subsite in the mammalian nAChR, the negatively tipped ("magic" nitro or cyano) neonicotinoids interact with a proposed unique subsite consisting of cationic amino acid residue(s) in the insect nAChR.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
12538044-0	2003	Immunization to nicotine with a peptide-based vaccine composed of a conformationally biased agonist of C5a as a molecular adjuvant.	Nicotine	16-24	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
12388280-0	2003	Impairment of nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilatation of cerebral arterioles during infusion of nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	14-35
12493843-3	2003	By using GIRK2-null mutant mice, we found marked reduction or complete elimination of the antinociceptive (hot plate test) effects of ethanol, oxotremorine, nicotine, baclofen, clonidine, and the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212.	Nicotine	157-165	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 6	Mus musculus	9-14
12537063-8	2003	Moreover, our identification of nAChR subunit mRNAs in the nasal mucosa extends the findings of other functional studies of nAChRs in nasal epithelial cells and implies that nicotine from tobacco products such as cigarette smoke and nicotine nasal spray may have direct cellular effects on nasal mucosa cells through activation of homogeneous or heterogeneous nAChRs.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
12537063-8	2003	Moreover, our identification of nAChR subunit mRNAs in the nasal mucosa extends the findings of other functional studies of nAChRs in nasal epithelial cells and implies that nicotine from tobacco products such as cigarette smoke and nicotine nasal spray may have direct cellular effects on nasal mucosa cells through activation of homogeneous or heterogeneous nAChRs.	Nicotine	233-241	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
12511591-3	2003	Here, we show activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt in nonimmortalized human airway epithelial cells in vitro by two components of cigarette smoke, nicotine and the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).	Nicotine	156-164	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
12421819-6	2003	Nicotine induces activation of PKC alpha and the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, which are physiological Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	55-59
12511591-4	2003	Activation of Akt by nicotine or NNK occurred within minutes at concentrations achievable by smokers and depended upon alpha(3)-/alpha(4)-containing or alpha(7)-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively.	Nicotine	21-29	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	14-17
12511591-8	2003	Redundant Akt activation by nicotine and NNK could contribute to tobacco-related carcinogenesis by regulating two processes critical for tumorigenesis, cell growth and apoptosis.	Nicotine	28-36	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	10-13
12421819-6	2003	Nicotine induces activation of PKC alpha and the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, which are physiological Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
12421819-6	2003	Nicotine induces activation of PKC alpha and the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, which are physiological Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
12421819-7	2003	Furthermore, ET-18-OCH3, a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, blocks nicotine-stimulated Bcl2 phosphorylation and promotes apoptosis, suggesting that PLC may be involved in nicotine activation of Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	76-84	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	96-100
12421819-7	2003	Furthermore, ET-18-OCH3, a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, blocks nicotine-stimulated Bcl2 phosphorylation and promotes apoptosis, suggesting that PLC may be involved in nicotine activation of Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	76-84	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	203-207
12421819-7	2003	Furthermore, ET-18-OCH3, a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, blocks nicotine-stimulated Bcl2 phosphorylation and promotes apoptosis, suggesting that PLC may be involved in nicotine activation of Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	180-188	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	96-100
12421819-7	2003	Furthermore, ET-18-OCH3, a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, blocks nicotine-stimulated Bcl2 phosphorylation and promotes apoptosis, suggesting that PLC may be involved in nicotine activation of Bcl2 kinases.	Nicotine	180-188	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	203-207
12421819-9	2003	Thus, nicotine-induced cell survival results, at least in part, from a mechanism that involves Bcl2 phosphorylation.	Nicotine	6-14	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
12421819-10	2003	Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer in which Bcl2 is expressed may be used to abrogate the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2 by inhibiting multiple upstream nicotine-activated pathways.	Nicotine	175-183	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	65-69
12421819-10	2003	Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer in which Bcl2 is expressed may be used to abrogate the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2 by inhibiting multiple upstream nicotine-activated pathways.	Nicotine	175-183	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
12436427-8	2002	We will also present hypotheses that might address the mechanisms underlying the ability of nAChR function to protect against neurodegeneration or improve cognition, two potentially distinct actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
12490593-3	2003	Fifty percent inhibition of alpha4beta2-nAChR function following 5 min of recovery occurred after 1 min of pretreatment with 1 mM nicotine but also after 1-h pretreatment at 10 nM nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
12490593-3	2003	Fifty percent inhibition of alpha4beta2-nAChR function following 5 min of recovery occurred after 1 min of pretreatment with 1 mM nicotine but also after 1-h pretreatment at 10 nM nicotine.	Nicotine	180-188	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
12490593-6	2003	alpha4beta4-nAChR was similarly sensitive to persistent inactivation by prolonged nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
12451118-6	2002	It is also apparent that nicotine-induced nAChR upregulation is very strongly dependent on subunit composition and subunit domains.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
12436413-5	2002	This type of mechanism can be extended to explain how the continuous occupation of desensitized receptors during chronic nicotine exposure contributes to drug addiction, and highlights the potential significance of prolonged nAChR desensitization that would also occur as a result of extended acetylcholine lifetime during treatment of Alzheimer"s disease with cholinesterase inhibitors.	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
12472891-0	2002	Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of Akt through epidermal growth factor receptor and Src in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
12472891-3	2002	We investigated the mechanisms of nicotine-induced phosphorylation of Akt in PC12h cells, in comparison with nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	34-42	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
12472891-3	2002	We investigated the mechanisms of nicotine-induced phosphorylation of Akt in PC12h cells, in comparison with nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	109-117	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
12472891-4	2002	Nicotine induced Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
12472891-6	2002	L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) antagonists, calmodulin antagonist, and Ca2+/calmudulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) inhibitor prevented the nicotine-induced Akt phosphorylation.	Nicotine	166-174	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
12472891-7	2002	Three epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors prevented the nicotine-induced phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p42/44 MAP kinase, ERK) and Akt.	Nicotine	71-79	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
12472891-7	2002	Three epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors prevented the nicotine-induced phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p42/44 MAP kinase, ERK) and Akt.	Nicotine	71-79	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
12472891-8	2002	In contrast, an inhibitor of the Src family tyrosine kinase prevented the nicotine-induced Akt phosphorylation but not ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	74-82	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
12472891-9	2002	These results suggested that nicotine induces the activation of both PI3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways via common pathways including non-alpha7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase II and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	29-37	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
12472891-9	2002	These results suggested that nicotine induces the activation of both PI3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways via common pathways including non-alpha7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase II and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	29-37	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
12472891-9	2002	These results suggested that nicotine induces the activation of both PI3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways via common pathways including non-alpha7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase II and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	29-37	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	278-281
12244045-2	2002	In this study we provide evidence that nicotine stimulation of alpha7 nAChR transduces signals to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt via Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in a cascade, which results in neuroprotection.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
12510868-10	2002	Pretreatment with piroxicam (0.2-2.0 mg/kg), a COX-1 inhibitor, considerably diminished the nicotine-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion in control and crowded rats.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
12510868-15	2002	Prostaglandins, generated by COX-1- but not by COX-2- isoenzyme, are of crucial significance in the nicotine-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion in both control and stressed rats.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
12515313-1	2002	Compound 24, an alkyl-substituted amino acid amide, previously found to activate pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in cell membranes and membrane protein fractions, was used as a tool to determine the mechanism/location of nicotine inhibition of amyloid beta peptide-stimulated phospholipase A2 and D activities in a human neuroblastoma cell line, LA-N-2, in vitro.	Nicotine	226-234	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	281-297
12244045-2	2002	In this study we provide evidence that nicotine stimulation of alpha7 nAChR transduces signals to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt via Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in a cascade, which results in neuroprotection.	Nicotine	39-47	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
12244045-5	2002	We also found that pretreatment of cells with angiotensin II blocks the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 via the AT(2) receptor and completely prevents alpha7 nAChR-mediated neuroprotective effects further suggesting a pivotal role for JAK2.	Nicotine	72-80	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	46-60
12244045-5	2002	We also found that pretreatment of cells with angiotensin II blocks the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 via the AT(2) receptor and completely prevents alpha7 nAChR-mediated neuroprotective effects further suggesting a pivotal role for JAK2.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
12409526-0	2002	Perinatal nicotine attenuates the hypoxia-induced up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and galanin mRNA in locus ceruleus of the newborn mouse.	Nicotine	10-18	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	92-99
12424289-6	2002	Facilitation of GABAergic transmission by nicotine is inhibited by antagonists of (alphabeta)*-containing nAChRs, but is unaffected by an alpha7-selective antagonist, consistent with a nAChR-mediated enhancement of GABA release mediated by non-alpha7-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
12460746-3	2002	This study examines the hypothesis that IMI, DNIMI, and (-)-nicotine activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade via primary interaction with the alpha4beta2 nAChR in mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells.	Nicotine	56-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	82-119
12460746-3	2002	This study examines the hypothesis that IMI, DNIMI, and (-)-nicotine activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade via primary interaction with the alpha4beta2 nAChR in mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells.	Nicotine	56-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	121-124
12392404-0	2002	A perturbed pK(a) at the binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: implications for nicotine binding.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
12392404-7	2002	This local pKa perturbation has substantial implications for pharmacological research on the nAChR: of the tertiary agonists considered, noracetylcholine experiences this pKa perturbation, while nicotine does not.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
12115584-8	2002	Nicotine-induced caspase-3 activation and Hsp90 alpha expression, as well as suppression of the induction by GA, were also observed in a xeroderma pigmentosum patient-derived cell line, XP2OS cells.	Nicotine	0-8	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	17-26
12215243-10	2002	The important role of NO in nicotine addiction is further supported by the finding that in animals NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors attenuate symptoms of the nicotine abstinence syndrome.	Nicotine	28-36	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	99-110
12215243-10	2002	The important role of NO in nicotine addiction is further supported by the finding that in animals NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors attenuate symptoms of the nicotine abstinence syndrome.	Nicotine	154-162	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	99-110
12151749-4	2002	The paradoxical effects of nicotine on emotionality are likely due to the broad expression of nAChRs throughout the brain, the large number of nAChR subtypes that have been identified and the ability of nicotine treatment to both activate and desensitize nAChRs.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
12151773-0	2002	Genetically dystrophic mdx/mdx mice exhibit decreased response to nicotine in passive avoidance.	Nicotine	66-74	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	23-26
12151773-0	2002	Genetically dystrophic mdx/mdx mice exhibit decreased response to nicotine in passive avoidance.	Nicotine	66-74	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	27-30
12151773-4	2002	This was assessed by evaluating the response to nicotine administration in mdx and wild-type mice.	Nicotine	48-56	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	75-78
12151773-6	2002	Nicotine enhanced memory in wild-type as well as in mdx mice.	Nicotine	0-8	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	52-55
12115584-4	2002	Viability of RSa cells was reduced by nicotine treatment, as analyzed by MTT assay and the reduction was lessened by combination treatment with a caspase-3 inhibitor, acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-L-valyl-L-aspart-1-al (Ac-DEVD-CHO).	Nicotine	38-46	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	146-155
12115584-7	2002	By contrast, in RSa cells treated with nicotine in combination with geldanamycin (GA), an inhibitor of Hsp90 alpha function, DNA fragmentation was not detected and caspase-3 protease activity levels were the same as those of mock-treated cells.	Nicotine	39-47	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	164-173
12111438-0	2002	Increase of transcriptional levels of egr-1 and nur77 genes due to both nicotine treatment and withdrawal in pheochromocytoma cells.	Nicotine	72-80	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
12111438-1	2002	The influence of nicotine on the expression of egr-1 and nur77 genes by nicotine treatment and withdrawal was assessed using PC12 cells.	Nicotine	17-25	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
12111438-1	2002	The influence of nicotine on the expression of egr-1 and nur77 genes by nicotine treatment and withdrawal was assessed using PC12 cells.	Nicotine	72-80	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
12111438-2	2002	Nicotine treatment significantly increased the amount of mRNA for egr-1 and nur77 genes at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment in the PC12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
12111438-2	2002	Nicotine treatment significantly increased the amount of mRNA for egr-1 and nur77 genes at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment in the PC12 cells.	Nicotine	102-110	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
12111438-3	2002	In addition, nicotine withdrawal also elevated transcriptional levels of egr-1 and nur77 genes in Northern blot analyses.	Nicotine	13-21	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
12111438-4	2002	Nicotine treatment (200 microM) was also found to significantly increase expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	0-8	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
12111438-4	2002	Nicotine treatment (200 microM) was also found to significantly increase expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	135-143	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
12111438-5	2002	In contrast, Egr-1 and Nur77 protein levels were dramatically decreased by nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	75-83	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
12111438-6	2002	These results suggest that expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins in neural cells may affect the transcriptional activity of late-response genes after nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	160-168	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
12122484-0	2002	Nicotine and its withdrawal alter feeding induced by paraventricular hypothalamic injections of neuropeptide Y in Sprague-Dawley rats.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	96-110
12575320-0	2002	[Effect of nicotine on the secretion of TNF of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro].	Nicotine	11-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-43
12575320-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of nicotine on the secretion of TNF of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro, and explore the possible mechanism of the high level of TNF caused by smoking.	Nicotine	36-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-68
12575320-6	2002	When the concentrations of nicotine were 50 ng.ml-1 and 500 ng.ml-1, the level of TNF increased significantly in non-smokers (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	27-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	82-85
12575320-7	2002	In smokers, the level of TNF significantly increased when the concentration of nicotine was 50 ng.ml-1; however, the level of TNF significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and the proliferation of PBMCs was inhibited when the concentration of nicotine was 500 ng.ml-1 (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	79-87	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
12575320-7	2002	In smokers, the level of TNF significantly increased when the concentration of nicotine was 50 ng.ml-1; however, the level of TNF significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and the proliferation of PBMCs was inhibited when the concentration of nicotine was 500 ng.ml-1 (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	240-248	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
12575320-7	2002	In smokers, the level of TNF significantly increased when the concentration of nicotine was 50 ng.ml-1; however, the level of TNF significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and the proliferation of PBMCs was inhibited when the concentration of nicotine was 500 ng.ml-1 (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	240-248	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	126-129
12575320-10	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine can induce PBMCs to secrete more TNF, and the magnitude of the effect is strongly related to the dosage of nicotine, but a great dose of nicotine will inhibit the production of TNF.	Nicotine	12-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
12575320-10	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine can induce PBMCs to secrete more TNF, and the magnitude of the effect is strongly related to the dosage of nicotine, but a great dose of nicotine will inhibit the production of TNF.	Nicotine	12-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	198-201
12575320-10	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine can induce PBMCs to secrete more TNF, and the magnitude of the effect is strongly related to the dosage of nicotine, but a great dose of nicotine will inhibit the production of TNF.	Nicotine	128-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
12575320-10	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine can induce PBMCs to secrete more TNF, and the magnitude of the effect is strongly related to the dosage of nicotine, but a great dose of nicotine will inhibit the production of TNF.	Nicotine	128-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	198-201
12575320-10	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine can induce PBMCs to secrete more TNF, and the magnitude of the effect is strongly related to the dosage of nicotine, but a great dose of nicotine will inhibit the production of TNF.	Nicotine	158-166	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
12575320-10	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine can induce PBMCs to secrete more TNF, and the magnitude of the effect is strongly related to the dosage of nicotine, but a great dose of nicotine will inhibit the production of TNF.	Nicotine	158-166	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	198-201
12511591-0	2003	Rapid Akt activation by nicotine and a tobacco carcinogen modulates the phenotype of normal human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	24-32	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	6-9
12359064-4	2002	One of the tpa-1 isoforms, which is expressed in vulval cells, is found to play a role in nicotine-induced adaptation.	Nicotine	90-98	Protein kinase C-like 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	11-16
12369619-6	2002	The A622 expression patterns were qualitatively similar to those of putrescine N-methyltransferase, the first enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis, suggesting that A622 may function in the metabolism of nicotine or related alkaloids.	Nicotine	120-128	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	68-98
12369619-6	2002	The A622 expression patterns were qualitatively similar to those of putrescine N-methyltransferase, the first enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis, suggesting that A622 may function in the metabolism of nicotine or related alkaloids.	Nicotine	198-206	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	68-98
12375845-2	2002	Nicotine and myoglobin in matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzonic acid (DHB), enkephalin and substance P in alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnaminic acid were investigated as the target compounds.	Nicotine	0-8	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	82-93
12372024-9	2002	With ultrastructural immunohistochemistry, evaluation of the homogeneity parameter of NF distribution showed a loss of homogeneity for NF-68 linked to the nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	155-163	neurofilament light chain	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
15758416-9	2002	Administration of nicotine at the high dose resulted in lower serum 25(OH)D levels but differences in serum Ca or PTH were not detected with either nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	18-26	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
12183640-7	2002	The pK(B) of nicotine was significantly different from the pK(B) values for levamisole, pyrantel, and bephenium, showing that paraherquamide can distinguish a subtype of cholinergic receptors sensitive to nicotine and a subtype of cholinergic receptors sensitive to levamisole, pyrantel, and bephenium.	Nicotine	13-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
12440345-5	2002	Nicotine replacement therapies seem also to generate a certain, though lower, degree of insulin resistance.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
12769608-4	2002	Non-specific nAChR agonists like nicotine and epibatidine, have been shown to have interesting pharmacology but their clinical value is limited by their undesirable side effects.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
12769612-3	2002	In the present review we discuss the evidence that nicotine and subtype selective nAChR ligands can provide neuroprotection in in vitro cell culture systems and in in vivo studies in animal models of such disorders.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
12769612-9	2002	A variety of cellular mechanisms ranging from the production of growth factors through to inactivation of toxins and antioxidant actions of nicotine have been proposed to underlie the nAChR-mediated neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-81
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
12446934-8	2002	More work is needed to ascertain whether acute or repetitive activation of nAChR with acute or intermittent exposure to nicotine or the persistent inactivation of nAChR with chronic nicotine exposure is a therapeutic objective and/or explains any pro-cognitive effects of those drugs.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
12446934-8	2002	More work is needed to ascertain whether acute or repetitive activation of nAChR with acute or intermittent exposure to nicotine or the persistent inactivation of nAChR with chronic nicotine exposure is a therapeutic objective and/or explains any pro-cognitive effects of those drugs.	Nicotine	182-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
12132790-13	2002	This is against the hypothesis that nicotine exerts a direct pro-inflammatory action via interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8.	Nicotine	36-44	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	89-106
12132790-13	2002	This is against the hypothesis that nicotine exerts a direct pro-inflammatory action via interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8.	Nicotine	36-44	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	111-124
12072594-13	2002	CONCLUSIONS: (1) Two weeks of nicotine administration leads to contrasting effects on jejunal and colonic inflammation in IL-10 -/- mice.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	122-127
12081661-5	2002	In addition, significant increases in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and GluR1 (but not dopamine transporter or NR1) mRNA levels in the VTA were detected 24 h after intra-VTA nicotine administration.	Nicotine	170-178	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	38-58
12081661-5	2002	In addition, significant increases in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and GluR1 (but not dopamine transporter or NR1) mRNA levels in the VTA were detected 24 h after intra-VTA nicotine administration.	Nicotine	170-178	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	60-62
12081661-6	2002	Systemic nicotine injection caused only an increase in TH mRNA levels while intra-Acb infusion did not modify any of the mRNAs tested.	Nicotine	9-17	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	55-57
12081661-7	2002	The long-term increase in basal DA levels in the Acb and TH, and GluR1 mRNA levels in the VTA upon intra-VTA nicotine microinjection indicates that even a single nicotine injection can induce plastic changes of the mesolimbic DA pathway.	Nicotine	109-117	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	57-59
12081661-7	2002	The long-term increase in basal DA levels in the Acb and TH, and GluR1 mRNA levels in the VTA upon intra-VTA nicotine microinjection indicates that even a single nicotine injection can induce plastic changes of the mesolimbic DA pathway.	Nicotine	162-170	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	57-59
12120902-3	2002	Nicotine may stimulate indirectly the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the site of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons which activates ACTH release.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	92-123
12120902-3	2002	Nicotine may stimulate indirectly the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the site of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons which activates ACTH release.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
12120902-4	2002	In the present studies an involvement of adrenergic system and prostaglandins synthesized by constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in the nicotine-induced HPA response in rats was investigated.	Nicotine	173-181	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
12120902-11	2002	Pretreatment with piroxicam (0.2-2.0 mg/kg), a COX-1 inhibitor, considerably impaired the nicotine-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
12120902-14	2002	Noradrenaline, stimulating postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors, and prostaglandins, synthesized by COX-1 isoenzyme, are of crucial significance in the nicotine-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion.	Nicotine	156-164	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
12021403-2	2002	Nicotine has full efficacy on the alpha4beta2 nAChR and partial efficacy on the alpha3beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
12021403-2	2002	Nicotine has full efficacy on the alpha4beta2 nAChR and partial efficacy on the alpha3beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
12021403-8	2002	When the residue located at position 258 in the M2 region of the alpha subunit was valine (as in the alpha3 subunit), the resulting nAChR exhibited partial efficacy for nicotine that was voltage-dependent.	Nicotine	169-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	218-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	218-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
12023068-0	2002	Met-enkephalin and preproenkephalin mRNA changes in the striatum of the nicotine abstinence mouse.	Nicotine	72-80	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	19-35
11979430-0	2002	Nicotine modulates the effects of retinoids on growth inhibition and RAR beta expression in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	69-77
11979430-4	2002	Our results demonstrated that nicotine could abrogate the growth inhibitory effect of trans-RA by suppressing its ability to induce the expression of RA receptor beta (RAR beta), a tumor suppressor.	Nicotine	30-38	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	168-176
11979430-5	2002	The inhibitory effect of nicotine was accompanied with induction of orphan receptor TR3.	Nicotine	25-33	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
11979430-6	2002	Inhibition of TR3 expression by overexpression of TR3 anti-sense RNA in H460 lung cancer cells strongly prevented the suppressive effect of nicotine on trans-RA activity.	Nicotine	140-148	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
11979430-6	2002	Inhibition of TR3 expression by overexpression of TR3 anti-sense RNA in H460 lung cancer cells strongly prevented the suppressive effect of nicotine on trans-RA activity.	Nicotine	140-148	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
11979430-7	2002	Treatment with nicotine or the cotransfection of TR3 expression vector inhibited the induction of RAR beta promoter activity by trans-RA in transient transfection assays.	Nicotine	15-23	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	98-106
11979430-10	2002	Together, our results demonstrate that nicotine suppresses the growth inhibitory effects of trans-RA by inhibiting RAR beta expression through its induction of TR3 expression and suggest that RXR-selective retinoids may be more effective than classical retinoids for preventing and treating tobacco-associated cancers.	Nicotine	39-47	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	115-123
11979430-10	2002	Together, our results demonstrate that nicotine suppresses the growth inhibitory effects of trans-RA by inhibiting RAR beta expression through its induction of TR3 expression and suggest that RXR-selective retinoids may be more effective than classical retinoids for preventing and treating tobacco-associated cancers.	Nicotine	39-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
12065658-5	2002	Furthermore, in alpha7pCMV cells with and without nicotine, the basal expression levels of total Akt were approximately 1.5-fold higher, and the up-regulation of Akt phosphorylated at Ser473 after hypoxia was strikingly enhanced, compared with control PC12 cells.	Nicotine	50-58	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
12065658-5	2002	Furthermore, in alpha7pCMV cells with and without nicotine, the basal expression levels of total Akt were approximately 1.5-fold higher, and the up-regulation of Akt phosphorylated at Ser473 after hypoxia was strikingly enhanced, compared with control PC12 cells.	Nicotine	50-58	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
12065669-4	2002	Nicotine (30 microm) generated a rapid elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ that was partially and additively inhibited (40%) by alpha7 and alpha3beta2* nAChR subtype selective antagonists; alpha3beta4* nAChR probably account for the remaining response (60%).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
12065669-4	2002	Nicotine (30 microm) generated a rapid elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ that was partially and additively inhibited (40%) by alpha7 and alpha3beta2* nAChR subtype selective antagonists; alpha3beta4* nAChR probably account for the remaining response (60%).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	196-201
12065669-6	2002	The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels provoked by nicotine was sustained for at least 10 min and required the persistent activation of nAChR throughout the response.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
12065674-3	2002	In this study we have treated transgenic mice carrying the Swedish mutation of human amyloid precursor protein [Tg(Hu.APP695.K670N-M671L)2576], which develop brain beta-amyloid deposits, with nicotine in drinking fluid (200 microg/mL) from 9-14.5 months of age (5.5 months).	Nicotine	192-200	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	85-110
11891877-0	2002	Systemic administration of 1R,4S-4-amino-cyclopent-2-ene-carboxylic acid, a reversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, blocks expression of conditioned place preference to cocaine and nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	184-192	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	100-117
11891877-7	2002	These results are the first to suggest that reversible inhibition of GABA transaminase may be useful in blocking cue-induced relapse to nicotine and cocaine.	Nicotine	136-144	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	69-86
11952537-13	2002	The altered nAChR staining pattern in PPP skin may indicate a possible role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of PPP.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
12072594-0	2002	Chronic nicotine administration differentially alters jejunal and colonic inflammation in interleukin-10 deficient mice.	Nicotine	8-16	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	90-104
12072594-10	2002	IL-10 -/- mice treated for 2 weeks with nicotine had significantly reduced colonic scores (1.4 +/- 0.6 and 2.2 +/- 0.15, respectively).	Nicotine	40-48	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	0-5
12072594-12	2002	Nicotine significantly increased both somatostatin and intestinal trefoil factor mRNA expression in the colon but not in the jejunum; no effect was noted on mucin-2 or beta-actin mRNA expression.	Nicotine	0-8	somatostatin	Mus musculus	38-50
12072594-12	2002	Nicotine significantly increased both somatostatin and intestinal trefoil factor mRNA expression in the colon but not in the jejunum; no effect was noted on mucin-2 or beta-actin mRNA expression.	Nicotine	0-8	trefoil factor 3, intestinal	Mus musculus	55-80
12050852-2	2002	In this review, the role of cellular signaling in the protective action of nicotine for A beta-induced neurotoxicity is described.	Nicotine	75-83	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	88-94
11906697-3	2002	Nicotine enhances GABAergic transmission transiently, which is followed by a persistent depression of these inhibitory inputs due to nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
11861793-9	2002	Nicotine treatment increased the pancreatic levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	81-86
11861793-8	2002	The pancreatic levels of the Th1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma were increased in both MLDS-induced and spontaneous NOD diabetes, an effect prevented by nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	221-229	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	29-32
11861793-10	2002	Nicotine treatment reduces the incidence of type I diabetes in two animal models by changing the profile of pancreatic cytokine expression from Th1 to Th2.	Nicotine	0-8	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	144-147
11850060-0	2002	Nicotine exposure during a postnatal critical period alters NR2A and NR2B mRNA expression in rat auditory forebrain.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
12829413-1	2002	While nicotine, through stimulation of a specific sub-population of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) appears to protect cells in culture against a variety of insults, studies in vivo show controversial results.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-101
12829413-1	2002	While nicotine, through stimulation of a specific sub-population of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) appears to protect cells in culture against a variety of insults, studies in vivo show controversial results.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
11839560-0	2002	Nicotine and cotinine up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor expression in endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	34-68
11839560-4	2002	We show here, using an intact porcine common carotid artery perfusion culture model, that nicotine and cotinine, the major product of nicotine metabolism, cause a significant increase in endothelial cell VEGF expression.	Nicotine	90-98	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	204-208
11839560-4	2002	We show here, using an intact porcine common carotid artery perfusion culture model, that nicotine and cotinine, the major product of nicotine metabolism, cause a significant increase in endothelial cell VEGF expression.	Nicotine	134-142	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	204-208
11839560-6	2002	Our results showed significant increases in endothelial cell VEGF mRNA and protein levels because of nicotine and cotinine at concentrations representative of plasma concentrations seen in habitual smokers.	Nicotine	101-109	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	61-65
11905997-0	2002	Nicotine activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 via the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and protein kinase A, in SH-SY5Y cells and hippocampal neurones.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	23-64
11905997-2	2002	In SH-SY5Y cells and hippocampal neurones, nicotine (100 microM) increased the activity of ERK1/2.	Nicotine	43-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	91-97
11905997-6	2002	In contrast, two structurally different inhibitors of PKA (KT 5720 and H-89) completely prevented the nicotine-dependent increase in ERK1/2 activity.	Nicotine	102-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	133-139
11905997-7	2002	Inhibition of the nicotine-evoked increase in ERK1/2 activity by H-89 was also observed in hippocampal cultures.	Nicotine	18-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	46-52
11905997-8	2002	Down stream of PKA, the activity of B-Raf was significantly decreased by nicotine in SH-SY5Y cells, as determined by direct measurement of MEK1 phosphorylation or in vitro kinase assays, whereas the modulation of MEK1 phosphorylation by Raf-1 tended to increase.	Nicotine	73-81	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	36-41
11701752-1	2001	We have investigated mechanisms of nicotine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p42/44 MAP kinase, ERK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	35-43	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
11860617-3	2002	RESULTS: Based on the recent crystal structure of a soluble acetylcholine binding protein from snails, we have built atomic models of acetylcholine and nicotine bound to the pocket of four different human nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
11752225-10	2002	These results show that nAChRs expressed in the primate striatum have similar affinities for nicotine, cytisine, and A85380, that alpha-conotoxin MII discriminates between nAChR populations in the caudate and putamen, and that alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive nAChRs are selectively decreased after MPTP-induced nigrostriatal damage.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
11756485-8	2002	ACh, nicotine, and choline (a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist) were effective in evoking action potentials and repetitive firing with synaptic transmission blocked by low Ca2+, high Mg2+ medium.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
11752205-2	2002	Although CGRP(1-7) and CGRP(2-7) depressed responses mediated by nAChRs, CGRP(1-6), CGRP(1-5), or CGRP(1-4) rapidly and reversibly potentiated submaximal nicotine currents while sparing maximal currents.	Nicotine	154-162	calcitonin related polypeptide beta	Homo sapiens	73-81
11752205-6	2002	Coapplication of CGRP(1-6) and of the allosteric potentiator physostigmine (0.5 microM) gave additive effects on nicotine currents.	Nicotine	113-121	calcitonin related polypeptide beta	Homo sapiens	17-25
11701223-5	2001	The inhibition of apoptosis by nicotine was correlated with the prevention of cytochrome c release and caspase activation, which are essential components of the UV-induced apoptotic pathway.	Nicotine	31-39	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	78-90
11719700-0	2001	Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2E1 by nicotine, cotinine, and aqueous cigarette tar extract in vitro.	Nicotine	43-51	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	20-39
11719700-4	2001	To study the mechanism of this effect, we examined inhibition of CYP 2E1 activity, as assessed by p-nitrophenol (pNP) hydroxylation, by nicotine, cotinine, and an aqueous cigarette tar extract (ACTE) in human 2E1-expressing microsomes.	Nicotine	136-144	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	65-72
11719700-5	2001	At all substrate concentrations (0-1.25 mM) nicotine was a significantly more potent inhibitor of CYP 2E1 activity compared to cotinine.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	98-105
11719700-11	2001	Although the contribution of nicotine to ACTE-mediated 2E1 inhibition is probably modest, pyridine alkaloid-mediated CYP 2E1 inhibition is a possible mechanism for the observed inhibition of NNK and NDMA mutagenicity by nicotine and cotinine in vitro.	Nicotine	220-228	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	117-124
11533049-8	2001	As the G-463A polymorphism of the MPO gene, which strongly reduces myeloperoxidase mRNA expression, is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer, chlorination damage of DNA /RNA and nucleosides by myeloperoxidase and its enhancement by nicotine may be important in the pathophysiology of human diseases associated with tobacco habits.	Nicotine	240-248	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	34-37
11533049-8	2001	As the G-463A polymorphism of the MPO gene, which strongly reduces myeloperoxidase mRNA expression, is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer, chlorination damage of DNA /RNA and nucleosides by myeloperoxidase and its enhancement by nicotine may be important in the pathophysiology of human diseases associated with tobacco habits.	Nicotine	240-248	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	67-82
11701752-2	2001	Nicotine transiently induced ERK phosphorylation at more than 1 microM.	Nicotine	0-8	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
11701752-3	2001	The maximal level of nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was lower than that of the membrane depolarization induced and, to a great extent, the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	21-29	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
11701752-3	2001	The maximal level of nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was lower than that of the membrane depolarization induced and, to a great extent, the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	21-29	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
11701752-5	2001	L-Type voltage-sensitive calcium channel antagonists inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	63-71	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
11701752-7	2001	An expression of dominant inhibitory Ras inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	51-59	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
11701752-8	2001	A calmodulin antagonist, a CaM kinase inhibitor, a MAP kinase kinase inhibitor inhibited nicotine-induced ERK and CREB phosphorylation.	Nicotine	89-97	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
11701752-9	2001	The time course of the phosphorylation of CREB induced by nicotine was similar to that of ERK induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	105-113	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
11701752-10	2001	These results suggest that non-alpha7 nAChRs are involved in nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation through CaM kinase and the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and most of the nicotine-induced CREB phosphorylation is mediated by the ERK phosphorylation in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	61-69	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
11701752-10	2001	These results suggest that non-alpha7 nAChRs are involved in nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation through CaM kinase and the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and most of the nicotine-induced CREB phosphorylation is mediated by the ERK phosphorylation in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	61-69	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	221-224
11701752-10	2001	These results suggest that non-alpha7 nAChRs are involved in nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation through CaM kinase and the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and most of the nicotine-induced CREB phosphorylation is mediated by the ERK phosphorylation in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	164-172	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	221-224
11602665-0	2001	Low doses of nicotine and ethanol induce CYP2E1 and chlorzoxazone metabolism in rat liver.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-47
11602665-5	2001	We hypothesized that, like ethanol, nicotine increases CYP2E1 activity.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
11602665-8	2001	After ethanol or nicotine administration, immunostaining for CYP2E1 was increased in the centrilobular regions of rat liver.	Nicotine	17-25	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
11602665-9	2001	Western blot analyses revealed that hepatic CYP2E1 levels were increased by ethanol (1.6-2.4-fold) and nicotine (1.3-1.7-fold).	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-50
11602665-12	2001	These data suggest that nicotine may increase CYP2E1-induced toxicity and contribute to cross-tolerance in smokers and people treated with nicotine (e.g., smokers, patients with Alzheimer"s disease, ulcerative colitis, neuropsychiatric motor disorders).	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
11747978-9	2001	Ethanol, nicotine, or a combination of ethanol plus nicotine significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity in liver and increased CAT activity in kidney and testes.	Nicotine	9-17	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
11747978-9	2001	Ethanol, nicotine, or a combination of ethanol plus nicotine significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity in liver and increased CAT activity in kidney and testes.	Nicotine	9-17	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
11747978-9	2001	Ethanol, nicotine, or a combination of ethanol plus nicotine significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity in liver and increased CAT activity in kidney and testes.	Nicotine	9-17	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
11747978-9	2001	Ethanol, nicotine, or a combination of ethanol plus nicotine significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity in liver and increased CAT activity in kidney and testes.	Nicotine	52-60	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
11747978-9	2001	Ethanol, nicotine, or a combination of ethanol plus nicotine significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity in liver and increased CAT activity in kidney and testes.	Nicotine	52-60	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
11747978-9	2001	Ethanol, nicotine, or a combination of ethanol plus nicotine significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity in liver and increased CAT activity in kidney and testes.	Nicotine	52-60	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
11525435-10	2001	RESULTS: At the 24-hour time point, 1 nM nicotine stimulated IL-6 production compared to control (P=0.02).	Nicotine	41-49	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	61-65
11592233-9	2001	JNK activity was decreased by 1.8-fold, as well as the expression of its downstream target c-jun (1.9-fold), when tumor cells were exposed to cisplatin in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	171-179	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	0-3
11592233-12	2001	Nicotine does not interfere with the repair of the damage but directly affects the signaling of the death pathway, reducing the signaling of the JNK1 pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	145-149
11561100-3	2001	(+/-)-methadone inhibited nicotine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux from the cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 microM, indicating that it is a potent nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
11587984-2	2001	The recent identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in fetal lung suggests that the direct interaction between nicotine and nAChR in fetal lung may underlie the postnatal pulmonary abnormalities seen in such infants.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-62
11587984-2	2001	The recent identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in fetal lung suggests that the direct interaction between nicotine and nAChR in fetal lung may underlie the postnatal pulmonary abnormalities seen in such infants.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
11587984-11	2001	This suggests that the interaction of nicotine with nAChR in developing lung is responsible for the altered pulmonary mechanics observed in human infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
11525435-12	2001	A synergistic effect upregulating IL-6 was observed with combined treatment of 1 mM nicotine and E. coli LPS or P gingivalis LPS at the 24-hour time point (P&lt;0.0005 and P=0.002, respectively).	Nicotine	84-92	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	34-38
11525435-13	2001	Similar effects were seen when IL-8 production was evaluated following HGF stimulation with high doses of nicotine and E. coli LPS or P gingivalis LPS.	Nicotine	106-114	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	31-35
11525435-14	2001	CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that nicotine by itself can stimulate HGF IL-6 and IL-8 production.	Nicotine	44-52	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	81-85
11525435-14	2001	CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that nicotine by itself can stimulate HGF IL-6 and IL-8 production.	Nicotine	44-52	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	90-94
11469915-0	2001	Nicotine induces endothelial TNF-alpha expression, which mediates growth retardation in vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
11338295-6	2001	RESULTS: The integrin beta 1-subunit was detected on the HGF surface membrane by fluorescence labeling, and cell-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing demonstrated its decreased expression with increasing nicotine concentrations that were statistically different at the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 microM versus controls (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	209-217	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	22-28
11469915-16	2001	DIA showed a threefold increase in TNF-alpha activity at 1 h and a twofold increase at 3 h. Activity returned to baseline by 24 h. Cell growth was significantly decreased in cells exposed to nicotine when compared to controls on days T(2)-T(5) (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	191-199	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-44
11469915-17	2001	In cells exposed to anti-TNF-alpha and nicotine there was inhibition of the growth retardation seen in the cells containing nicotine alone.	Nicotine	124-132	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-34
11469915-19	2001	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the ability of endothelial cells to secrete TNF-alpha in response to nicotine at levels found in serum after smoking and also shows that endothelial cell growth retardation as a consequence of nicotine exposure may be TNF-alpha mediated.	Nicotine	104-112	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
11469915-19	2001	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the ability of endothelial cells to secrete TNF-alpha in response to nicotine at levels found in serum after smoking and also shows that endothelial cell growth retardation as a consequence of nicotine exposure may be TNF-alpha mediated.	Nicotine	228-236	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
11469915-19	2001	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the ability of endothelial cells to secrete TNF-alpha in response to nicotine at levels found in serum after smoking and also shows that endothelial cell growth retardation as a consequence of nicotine exposure may be TNF-alpha mediated.	Nicotine	228-236	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	253-262
11509018-2	2001	Animal studies have shown that both acute and chronic exposure to nicotine results in weight loss which is associated with an increase in hypothalamic CCK and that CCK antagonists ameliorate symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	66-74	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	151-154
11506765-1	2001	Molecular identification of the genes and resulting protein sequences for a large number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits has stimulated numerous studies highlighting their role in several human behaviors including neurological disorders and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	262-270	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-124
11506765-1	2001	Molecular identification of the genes and resulting protein sequences for a large number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits has stimulated numerous studies highlighting their role in several human behaviors including neurological disorders and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	262-270	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
11522426-9	2001	Nerve growth factor increased the transcription of alpha5 and beta4 subunits, whereas nicotine increased mRNA level encoding alpha5 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	86-94	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
11278378-3	2001	Nicotine-induced protection was suppressed by an alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002 and wortmannin), and a Src inhibitor (PP2).	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	190-193
11278378-4	2001	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K, and Bcl-2 were increased by nicotine.	Nicotine	79-87	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
11278378-4	2001	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K, and Bcl-2 were increased by nicotine.	Nicotine	79-87	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	55-60
11435297-10	2001	Nicotine treatment increased E-selectin expression on LEISVO cells, but not on STR-12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	29-39
11408533-4	2001	The nAChR subtype mediating nicotine-induced dilation in isolated porcine basilar arterial rings denuded of endothelium was therefore examined pharmacologically and immunohistochemically.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
11408533-5	2001	Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) was blocked by preferential alpha7-nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin) and nonspecific nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (a preferential alpha4-nAChR antagonist).	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
11408533-5	2001	Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) was blocked by preferential alpha7-nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin) and nonspecific nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (a preferential alpha4-nAChR antagonist).	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
11408533-5	2001	Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) was blocked by preferential alpha7-nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin) and nonspecific nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (a preferential alpha4-nAChR antagonist).	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
11350768-0	2001	Nicotine infusion alters leptin and uncoupling protein 1 mRNA expression in adipose tissues of rats.	Nicotine	0-8	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-56
11350768-1	2001	We attempted to clarify whether leptin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) are involved in the action of nicotine on the energy balance.	Nicotine	101-109	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-63
11350768-1	2001	We attempted to clarify whether leptin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) are involved in the action of nicotine on the energy balance.	Nicotine	101-109	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
11350768-5	2001	UCP1 mRNA expression in the brown adipose tissue of nicotine-treated was stronger than that of the pair-fed rats.	Nicotine	52-60	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11350768-6	2001	These results suggest that continuous nicotine infusion differentially affects the synthesis and secretion of leptin according to the duration of infusion and stimulates UCP1 mRNA expression, probably in a manner independent of leptin.	Nicotine	38-46	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
11685424-6	2001	However, serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were higher in rats treated with high-dose nicotine, and serum calcitonin was lower in rats treated with both high- and low-dose nicotine than in control rats.	Nicotine	99-107	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	30-49
11422660-0	2001	Nicotine infusion acutely impairs insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients but not in healthy subjects.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
11422660-1	2001	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine if an acute nicotine infusion alters insulin sensitivity to a similar degree in type 2 diabetic patients as in healthy control subjects.	Nicotine	61-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
11422660-4	2001	Nicotine 0.3 microg kg-1 min(-1) or NaCl was infused (2 h) during a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (4 h) to assess insulin sensitivity.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
11422660-10	2001	This insulin resistance was further aggravated by the nicotine infusion in DM2 but not in Ctr (4.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.9 +/- 0.3 mg kg(-1) LBM min(-1); P &lt; 0.0001).	Nicotine	54-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
11422660-12	2001	CONCLUSIONS: At this low infusion rate, nicotine aggravated the insulin resistance in DM2 but not in Ctr.	Nicotine	40-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
11434511-1	2001	In a recent study, we reported that a restriction fragment length polymorphism associated with the alpha4 nicotinic receptor gene (Chrna4) may play a role in regulating differential sensitivity of LS and SS mouse lines to the seizure-inducing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	254-262	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	131-137
11434511-8	2001	Thus, it may be that the Chrna4 T529A substitution leads to a difference in the ratio of the two receptor forms which then promotes differences in receptor function, as well as differential behavioural sensitivity to nicotine.	Nicotine	217-225	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	25-31
11305656-3	2001	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and (-)-nicotine were fractionated and detected by patch-clamped pheochromcytoma detector cells.	Nicotine	84-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
11411653-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine stimulation on pituitary release of plasma arginine vasopressin (P(AVP)) in patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) and healthy control subjects.	Nicotine	54-62	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	99-134
11411653-10	2001	CONCLUSION: Smokeless nicotine chewing gum induces non-osmotic vasopressin release in humans.	Nicotine	22-30	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	63-74
11266659-0	2001	Investigation of nicotine binding to THP-1 cells: evidence for a non-cholinergic binding site.	Nicotine	17-25	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
11266659-2	2001	This study was designed to examine the identity of nicotine-binding sites on immune cells using a human leukaemic monocytic cell line, THP-1, that is known to have functions that are modulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	51-59	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	135-140
11266659-2	2001	This study was designed to examine the identity of nicotine-binding sites on immune cells using a human leukaemic monocytic cell line, THP-1, that is known to have functions that are modulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	135-140
11266659-6	2001	When saturation analysis of [3H](-)-nicotine to THP-1 cells was performed in the presence of 1 x 10(-6) M epibatidine, only one binding site was detected.	Nicotine	36-44	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
11305656-3	2001	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and (-)-nicotine were fractionated and detected by patch-clamped pheochromcytoma detector cells.	Nicotine	84-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
11245666-1	2001	Widely expressed in the brain, the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is proposed to play a major role in the mechanisms that lead to and maintain nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
11237731-1	2001	CYP2A6 is known as a major cytochrome P450 (CYP) responsible for the oxidation of nicotine and coumarin in humans.	Nicotine	82-90	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	27-42
11234780-1	2001	Nicotine injected in the supraoptic nucleus facilitates vasopressin release from the neurohypophysis.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	56-67
11237731-1	2001	CYP2A6 is known as a major cytochrome P450 (CYP) responsible for the oxidation of nicotine and coumarin in humans.	Nicotine	82-90	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
11234780-8	2001	This presynaptic action may contribute, in part, to vasopressin release after nicotine.	Nicotine	78-86	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	52-63
11238724-0	2001	Nicotine protects against arachidonic-acid-induced caspase activation, cytochrome c release and apoptosis of cultured spinal cord neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	71-83
11343623-5	2001	Administration of the selective nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine had no effect on 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia, although nicotine-induced hypothermia was attenuated by the selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635.	Nicotine	123-131	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	184-190
11230874-5	2001	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Bcl-2; and Bcl-x were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	111-119	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
11166759-3	2001	Treatment of primary human coronary artery endothelial cells with nicotine for 24 h at concentrations (10(-5) and 10(-7) M) similar to those in the blood of smokers resulted in increased mRNA levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.	Nicotine	66-74	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	202-235
11166759-3	2001	Treatment of primary human coronary artery endothelial cells with nicotine for 24 h at concentrations (10(-5) and 10(-7) M) similar to those in the blood of smokers resulted in increased mRNA levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.	Nicotine	66-74	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	237-268
11166759-3	2001	Treatment of primary human coronary artery endothelial cells with nicotine for 24 h at concentrations (10(-5) and 10(-7) M) similar to those in the blood of smokers resulted in increased mRNA levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.	Nicotine	66-74	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	367-400
11230874-5	2001	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Bcl-2; and Bcl-x were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	111-119	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
11164385-0	2001	Nicotine exposure during pregnancy is a factor which influences serotonin transporter density in the rat brain.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-85
11154821-0	2001	Hypothalamic orexin-A binding sites are downregulated by chronic nicotine treatment in the rat.	Nicotine	65-73	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	13-21
11154821-1	2001	Chronic nicotine treatment (4 mg/kg per day; 14 days) significantly reduced the affinity and density of orexin-A binding sites in the anterior hypothalamus of rat brain.	Nicotine	8-16	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	104-112
11154821-4	2001	In previous studies, we have demonstrated an increase in the levels of orexin-A peptide and NPY in discrete hypothalamic areas upon nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	132-140	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	71-79
11154821-4	2001	In previous studies, we have demonstrated an increase in the levels of orexin-A peptide and NPY in discrete hypothalamic areas upon nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	132-140	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
11154821-6	2001	This study provides a possible explanation to this inconsistency in that a decrease in affinity of orexin-A binding could reduce neural orexin signaling, which may contribute to decreased food intake observed in smokers and animals chronically treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	257-265	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	99-107
11164385-1	2001	We examined the effects of nicotine exposure during pregnancy on serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the brain.	Nicotine	27-35	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-86
11164385-1	2001	We examined the effects of nicotine exposure during pregnancy on serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the brain.	Nicotine	27-35	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
11164385-3	2001	Irrespective of the route of administration, nicotine increased SERT density in the forebrain on postnatal day 22, but not in the other brain regions.	Nicotine	45-53	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
11164385-4	2001	Our results suggest that nicotine use by pregnant women might be an environmental factor influencing SERT expression in their children.	Nicotine	25-33	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	101-105
11133210-6	2001	When subjects in the smokers group smoked two cigarettes containing 0.9 mg of nicotine per cigarette, platelet-dependent thrombin levels showed a transient three-fold increase in blood samples obtained immediately after smoking (365+/-76 mIU.	Nicotine	78-86	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	121-129
11133210-10	2001	When nicotine or cotinine was added to the platelet-rich plasma of non-smokers ex vivo, the platelet-dependent thrombin level increased significantly (P &lt; 0.002).	Nicotine	5-13	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	111-119
11135003-3	2001	Pretreatment of cultures with the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHBE) attenuated nicotine-induced changes in DNA abundance and synthesis.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
11120631-12	2001	2 and a 24.1% reduction in eNOS expression for nicotine- and cotinine-treated vessels, respectively (P&lt;0.01).	Nicotine	47-55	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	27-31
11353446-0	2001	An association study of DRD5 with smoking initiation and progression to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	72-80	dopamine receptor D5	Homo sapiens	24-28
11353446-3	2001	We investigated the association of four DRD5 polymorphisms with smoking initiation and progression to nicotine dependence in a population-based sample of over 900 subjects.	Nicotine	102-110	dopamine receptor D5	Homo sapiens	40-44
11120631-13	2001	Additionally, immunohistochemical staining for eNOS showed less dense staining on nicotine- and cotinine-treated vessels as compared to controls.	Nicotine	82-90	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
11014216-0	2000	Nicotine up-regulates expression of orexin and its receptors in rat brain.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
11450844-2	2001	Mice lacking the alpha3 subunit and mice lacking both the beta2 and beta4 subunits, but not mice lacking the beta2 or beta4 subunits alone, have a severe phenotype characterized by megacystis, failure of bladder strips to contract in response to nicotine, widely dilated ocular pupils, growth failure, and perinatal mortality.	Nicotine	246-254	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	17-23
11172479-16	2001	These results suggest that oral nicotine administration reduces insulin resistance in obese diabetic rats by decreasing production of TNF-alpha in the visceral fat tissues.	Nicotine	32-40	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	134-143
11226671-3	2001	In the present study, the ability of chronic exposure to (-)-nicotine to reduce cytotoxicity and attenuate increases in intracellular Ca2+ caused by exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate were examined in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	57-69	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
11226671-9	2001	Five days of exposure to nicotine markedly increased immunoreactivity of the Ca2+ binding protein calbindin-D28K in each region of hippocampal cultures, effects reduced by mecamylamine co-exposure.	Nicotine	25-33	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
11226671-10	2001	These findings suggest that the potent protective effects of chronic nicotine exposure against neuronal overexcitation are not likely attributable to attenuations of Ca2+ accumulation, but are likely related to increased buffering of accumulated Ca2+.	Nicotine	69-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
11226671-10	2001	These findings suggest that the potent protective effects of chronic nicotine exposure against neuronal overexcitation are not likely attributable to attenuations of Ca2+ accumulation, but are likely related to increased buffering of accumulated Ca2+.	Nicotine	69-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	246-249
11395950-5	2000	Arginine decarboxylase has been suggested to be primarily responsible for providing putrescine for nicotine synthesis.	Nicotine	99-107	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	0-22
11198422-4	2000	In N. tabacum and N. sylvestris, both of which contain nicotine as the major pyridine alkaloid, QPRTase transcript was detected in roots, the site of nicotine synthesis, but not in leaves.	Nicotine	55-63	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	96-103
11198422-4	2000	In N. tabacum and N. sylvestris, both of which contain nicotine as the major pyridine alkaloid, QPRTase transcript was detected in roots, the site of nicotine synthesis, but not in leaves.	Nicotine	150-158	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	96-103
11198422-5	2000	QPRTase transcript levels increased markedly in roots of both species 12-24 h after damage to aerial tissues, with a concomitant rise in transcript levels of putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), another key enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis.	Nicotine	218-226	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-7
11198422-5	2000	QPRTase transcript levels increased markedly in roots of both species 12-24 h after damage to aerial tissues, with a concomitant rise in transcript levels of putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), another key enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis.	Nicotine	218-226	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	158-188
11198422-5	2000	QPRTase transcript levels increased markedly in roots of both species 12-24 h after damage to aerial tissues, with a concomitant rise in transcript levels of putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), another key enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis.	Nicotine	218-226	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	190-193
11102488-5	2000	Mutants defective in the gene tpa-1, which encodes a homolog of protein kinase C (PKC), failed to undergo adaptation to nicotine; after chronic nicotine exposure they remained sensitive to cholinergic agonists and retained high levels of receptor protein in the vulval muscles.	Nicotine	120-128	Protein kinase C-like 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	30-35
11102488-5	2000	Mutants defective in the gene tpa-1, which encodes a homolog of protein kinase C (PKC), failed to undergo adaptation to nicotine; after chronic nicotine exposure they remained sensitive to cholinergic agonists and retained high levels of receptor protein in the vulval muscles.	Nicotine	144-152	Protein kinase C-like 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	30-35
11104224-0	2000	Nicotine-sensitive writer"s cramp.	Nicotine	0-8	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	28-33
11014216-2	2000	As the chronic use of tobacco typically leads to a reduction in body weight, it is of interest to determine whether nicotine, the major biologically active tobacco ingredient, has an effect on orexin metabolism in the brain.	Nicotine	116-124	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	193-199
11014216-3	2000	Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique, the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for prepro-orexin, orexin A (OX1-R) and orexin B (OX2-R) receptors were 20-50% higher in rats receiving nicotine for 14 days at the level of 2-4 mg/kg day compared with rats receiving saline solvent alone.	Nicotine	182-190	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
11014216-3	2000	Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique, the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for prepro-orexin, orexin A (OX1-R) and orexin B (OX2-R) receptors were 20-50% higher in rats receiving nicotine for 14 days at the level of 2-4 mg/kg day compared with rats receiving saline solvent alone.	Nicotine	182-190	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	97-105
11014216-3	2000	Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique, the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for prepro-orexin, orexin A (OX1-R) and orexin B (OX2-R) receptors were 20-50% higher in rats receiving nicotine for 14 days at the level of 2-4 mg/kg day compared with rats receiving saline solvent alone.	Nicotine	182-190	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
11014216-4	2000	In animals treated with nicotine at 4 mg/kg x day, the expression levels of mRNA for prepro-orexin, OX1-R, and OX2-R were significantly higher compared with those in either the free-feeding control or pair-fed saline control rats.	Nicotine	24-32	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
11014216-4	2000	In animals treated with nicotine at 4 mg/kg x day, the expression levels of mRNA for prepro-orexin, OX1-R, and OX2-R were significantly higher compared with those in either the free-feeding control or pair-fed saline control rats.	Nicotine	24-32	hypocretin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
11014216-5	2000	RIA data indicated that both orexin A and orexin B peptide levels were significantly elevated (45-54%; P &lt; 0.01) in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMH) of the nicotine-treated rats compared with either solvent-only or pair-fed controls.	Nicotine	156-164	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	29-37
11014216-5	2000	RIA data indicated that both orexin A and orexin B peptide levels were significantly elevated (45-54%; P &lt; 0.01) in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMH) of the nicotine-treated rats compared with either solvent-only or pair-fed controls.	Nicotine	156-164	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
11014216-8	2000	Moreover, our data indicated that chronic exposure to nicotine can induce a long-term increase in the expression levels of prepro-orexin and their receptor mRNA in the rat hypothalamus and in the levels of orexin A in the DMH and orexin B in the DMH and PVN among the six hypothalamic regions that we examined.	Nicotine	54-62	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	130-136
11014216-8	2000	Moreover, our data indicated that chronic exposure to nicotine can induce a long-term increase in the expression levels of prepro-orexin and their receptor mRNA in the rat hypothalamus and in the levels of orexin A in the DMH and orexin B in the DMH and PVN among the six hypothalamic regions that we examined.	Nicotine	54-62	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	206-214
11014216-8	2000	Moreover, our data indicated that chronic exposure to nicotine can induce a long-term increase in the expression levels of prepro-orexin and their receptor mRNA in the rat hypothalamus and in the levels of orexin A in the DMH and orexin B in the DMH and PVN among the six hypothalamic regions that we examined.	Nicotine	54-62	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	206-212
11044745-7	2000	The calmodulin antagonist fluphenazine prevented inhibition of the NMDA-receptor current by nAChR activity, suggesting that a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent process mediated the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
11044750-5	2000	Nicotine protection was prevented by 1 microM MLA, confirming that it was mediated by nAChR, and by 1 microM alpha-bungarotoxin, demonstrating that the alpha7 nAChR subtype was responsible.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
11044750-5	2000	Nicotine protection was prevented by 1 microM MLA, confirming that it was mediated by nAChR, and by 1 microM alpha-bungarotoxin, demonstrating that the alpha7 nAChR subtype was responsible.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
11044753-8	2000	These results suggest that the loss of nicotine binding in the putamen in Parkinson"s disease may involve an nAChR subunit (e.g., alpha5 and/or alpha6) other than those investigated.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
10996137-1	2000	A single dose of nicotine given to mice induces first a rapid decrease (presumed release/enhanced degradation) and then a rise (presumed synthesis/enhanced accumulation) of met-enkephalin (Met-Enk) in dorsal and ventral striatum observed at 30 and 60 min post-treatment, respectively.	Nicotine	17-25	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	193-196
10996137-2	2000	These studies investigated whether the nicotine effect on Met-Enk was mediated indirectly, in part, via other neurotransmitters known to be released by nicotine.	Nicotine	39-47	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	62-65
10994639-0	2000	Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor-receptors (EGF-R) by nicotine in cervical cancer cell lines: this effect may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	62-70	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	17-50
10994639-0	2000	Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor-receptors (EGF-R) by nicotine in cervical cancer cell lines: this effect may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	62-70	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	52-57
10994639-2	2000	Nicotine may increase cellular proliferation rates through a mechanism involving EGF or EGF-R.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	88-93
10994639-5	2000	RESULTS: Nicotine exposure at physiologically attainable plasma concentrations caused increased expression of EGF-R in both cervical cancer cell lines.	Nicotine	9-17	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	110-115
10994639-9	2000	The action of nicotine was abrogated when antibodies to EGF were added, implying that nicotine up-regulation of EGF-R may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	14-22	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	112-117
10994639-9	2000	The action of nicotine was abrogated when antibodies to EGF were added, implying that nicotine up-regulation of EGF-R may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	86-94	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	112-117
10994639-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that nicotine-induced proliferation of cervical cancer cells is mediated through EGF-R over-expression and that this action of nicotine utilizes EGF.	Nicotine	32-40	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	108-113
10942029-4	2000	Taken together experimental and clinical data largely indicate a neuroprotective/trophic role of nAChR activation involving mainly alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR subtypes, as evidenced using selective nAChR antagonists, and by potent nAChR agonists recently found displaying efficacy and/or larger selective affinities than (-)-nicotine for neuronal nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	322-334	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
10976548-6	2000	RESULTS: Transdermal nicotine reduced the venous responsiveness to bradykinin in nonsmokers (Emax = 88.0% +/- 17.9% and 54.3% +/- 14.9%, respectively, before and after the nicotine patch; P &lt; .05); the latter response was similar to that in smokers (Emax = 56.3% +/- 16.6%).	Nicotine	21-29	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	67-77
10976548-6	2000	RESULTS: Transdermal nicotine reduced the venous responsiveness to bradykinin in nonsmokers (Emax = 88.0% +/- 17.9% and 54.3% +/- 14.9%, respectively, before and after the nicotine patch; P &lt; .05); the latter response was similar to that in smokers (Emax = 56.3% +/- 16.6%).	Nicotine	172-180	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	67-77
10846348-0	2000	Interleukin-8 secretion by cultured oral epidermoid carcinoma cells induced with nicotine and/or arecoline treatments.	Nicotine	81-89	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-13
11054772-1	2000	Several types of evidence, including experiments with mice that lack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2-subunit gene (CHRNB2), have suggested that a beta2-containing nicotinic receptor is necessary for at least some of the reinforcing properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	257-265	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 2 (neuronal)	Mus musculus	126-132
10959551-7	2000	The effect of nicotine on TNFalpha production in LPS stimulated THP-1 monocyte cells in-vitro was also determined.	Nicotine	14-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-34
10959551-10	2000	Nicotine also caused a significant reduction in TNFalpha release from THP-1 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-56
10959551-12	2000	The mechanism of action of nicotine does not involve increased corticosterone levels, but may be a consequence of a reduction in TNFalpha or leukotriene B4 production.	Nicotine	27-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-137
10874619-6	2000	Increasing concentrations of AP + MAP + NIC mixture elevated RBC SOD by 22% in the 2X and 3X groups and CAT by 13% in the 3X group (P#0.05); post exposure increased RBC SOD by 2-3 fold and CAT activity by 13% in all 3 groups.	Nicotine	40-43	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
10837809-0	2000	Nicotine administration enhances NPY expression in the rat hypothalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
10837809-6	2000	To determine whether the effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight were related to neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and radioimmunoassay were utilized to measure NPY mRNA and peptide levels in various regions of the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	36-44	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	92-106
10837809-11	2000	In summary, our data suggest that the pharmacological effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight may be mediated by changes in hypothalamic NPY levels, a neuropeptide that is pivotal to the hypothalamic regulation of food intake.	Nicotine	65-73	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
10727751-7	2000	TNF-alpha and IL-6 production were significantly enhanced by 1 microg/ml of nicotine when cells were pre-incubated with nicotine for 3 h compared to concurrent incubation relative to LPS stimulation.	Nicotine	76-84	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-9
10727751-7	2000	TNF-alpha and IL-6 production were significantly enhanced by 1 microg/ml of nicotine when cells were pre-incubated with nicotine for 3 h compared to concurrent incubation relative to LPS stimulation.	Nicotine	76-84	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	14-18
10727751-7	2000	TNF-alpha and IL-6 production were significantly enhanced by 1 microg/ml of nicotine when cells were pre-incubated with nicotine for 3 h compared to concurrent incubation relative to LPS stimulation.	Nicotine	120-128	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-9
10727751-7	2000	TNF-alpha and IL-6 production were significantly enhanced by 1 microg/ml of nicotine when cells were pre-incubated with nicotine for 3 h compared to concurrent incubation relative to LPS stimulation.	Nicotine	120-128	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	14-18
10727751-9	2000	TNF-alpha production was significantly inhibited by nicotine in young mice, while IL-6 production was significantly inhibited by nicotine in old mice.	Nicotine	52-60	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-9
10727751-9	2000	TNF-alpha production was significantly inhibited by nicotine in young mice, while IL-6 production was significantly inhibited by nicotine in old mice.	Nicotine	129-137	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	82-86
11324441-1	2000	AIM: To observe the effects of Ca2+ on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by nicotine in CA1 region of rat hippocampal slice.	Nicotine	91-99	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
10739745-3	2000	Moreover, these effects of NT are causally related to the decreased Ca(2+) response to T cell receptor (TCR) ligation and constitutive activation of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma1 activities.	Nicotine	27-29	phospholipase C, gamma 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-211
10739749-6	2000	Similar effects of nicotine were observed for Kir2.2.	Nicotine	19-27	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 12	Homo sapiens	46-52
10932071-7	2000	Nicotine, at a concentration comparable with that found in the highest-tar cigarettes (200 microg/mL), suppressed the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by only 21% to 38%.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
10932071-7	2000	Nicotine, at a concentration comparable with that found in the highest-tar cigarettes (200 microg/mL), suppressed the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by only 21% to 38%.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	138-147
10932071-7	2000	Nicotine, at a concentration comparable with that found in the highest-tar cigarettes (200 microg/mL), suppressed the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by only 21% to 38%.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	153-162
10906423-10	2000	The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in nicotine treated rats.	Nicotine	63-71	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	16-24
10882393-14	2000	In preparations without endothelium, treatment with capsaicin (depleting CGRP-containing sensory nerves, 1 microM) or human CGRP[8 - 37] (CGRP receptor antagonist, 0.5 microM) markedly inhibited the nicotine-induced vasodilation.	Nicotine	199-207	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	73-77
10882393-14	2000	In preparations without endothelium, treatment with capsaicin (depleting CGRP-containing sensory nerves, 1 microM) or human CGRP[8 - 37] (CGRP receptor antagonist, 0.5 microM) markedly inhibited the nicotine-induced vasodilation.	Nicotine	199-207	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	124-128
10882393-14	2000	In preparations without endothelium, treatment with capsaicin (depleting CGRP-containing sensory nerves, 1 microM) or human CGRP[8 - 37] (CGRP receptor antagonist, 0.5 microM) markedly inhibited the nicotine-induced vasodilation.	Nicotine	199-207	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	124-128
10947803-3	2000	VIP-induced potentiation was observed with either ACh or nicotine as the cholinergic agonist.	Nicotine	57-65	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
10865228-0	2000	Differential effects of nicotine and aging on splenocyte proliferation and the production of Th1- versus Th2-type cytokines.	Nicotine	24-32	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	93-96
10865228-8	2000	25 and 64 microg/ml, significantly inhibited the production of IL-10 by splenocytes from young adult mice, whereas the inhibition of production of IL-10 by splenocytes from old mice was significantly inhibited, but the response was more variable, depending on the nicotine concentration.	Nicotine	264-272	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	147-152
10865228-10	2000	Pre-exposure to 1 microg/ml of nicotine for 3 hr significantly enhanced the production of IFN-gamma by splenocytes from young adult mice, whereas pre-exposure to 0.016 microg/ml of nicotine tended to but did not significantly enhance IFN-gamma production.	Nicotine	31-39	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	90-99
10865228-10	2000	Pre-exposure to 1 microg/ml of nicotine for 3 hr significantly enhanced the production of IFN-gamma by splenocytes from young adult mice, whereas pre-exposure to 0.016 microg/ml of nicotine tended to but did not significantly enhance IFN-gamma production.	Nicotine	31-39	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	234-243
10865228-10	2000	Pre-exposure to 1 microg/ml of nicotine for 3 hr significantly enhanced the production of IFN-gamma by splenocytes from young adult mice, whereas pre-exposure to 0.016 microg/ml of nicotine tended to but did not significantly enhance IFN-gamma production.	Nicotine	181-189	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	234-243
10963933-8	2000	In the single fluid access (one-bottle) test, nicotine-treated mice consumed both more ethanol (2%, 4%, or 6% concentrations) and more tap water than control mice.	Nicotine	46-54	transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)	Mus musculus	135-138
10963933-9	2000	In the two-bottle ethanol preference test, nicotine-treated mice consumed more ethanol and tap water.	Nicotine	43-51	transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)	Mus musculus	91-94
10822051-1	2000	The increased endothelin-1 levels observed after smoking may result from nicotine-stimulated endothelin-1 production by endothelial cells.	Nicotine	73-81	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-26
10822051-1	2000	The increased endothelin-1 levels observed after smoking may result from nicotine-stimulated endothelin-1 production by endothelial cells.	Nicotine	73-81	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-105
10822051-7	2000	These findings suggest that endothelin-1 may have a role in the acute effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-40
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-92
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
10751565-8	2000	In addition, nicotine prevented arachidonic acid-induced activation of caspase-3 activity and apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	13-21	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	71-80
10801248-8	2000	RESULTS: After a 10-minute preinfusion, nicotine administration was associated with a loss in sensitivity to bradykinin (P &lt; .001).	Nicotine	40-48	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	109-119
10801248-9	2000	After 30 and 60 minutes of preinfusion with nicotine, the venorelaxant effect of bradykinin was further reduced (P &lt; .001).	Nicotine	44-52	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	81-91
10801248-10	2000	A similar inhibition of the response to bradykinin by nicotine persisted in the presence of indomethacin (INN, indomethacin).	Nicotine	54-62	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	40-50
10846348-7	2000	Nicotine and arecoline, single or combined treatment, increased IL-8 secretion in KB CCL17 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	64-68
10620630-12	2000	Expression of GRPR mRNA in lung fibroblasts was elevated following exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	79-87	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
10822347-0	2000	Interacting effects of the serotonin transporter gene and neuroticism in smoking practices and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	95-103	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-48
10822347-4	2000	The 5-HTTLPR by neuroticism interaction effect was statistically significant in the models of nicotine intake (P = 0.05), nicotine dependence (P = 0.001), and smoking motivations (smoking to reduce negative mood (P = 0.01); smoking for stimulation (P = 0.01)).	Nicotine	94-102	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-12
10822347-4	2000	The 5-HTTLPR by neuroticism interaction effect was statistically significant in the models of nicotine intake (P = 0.05), nicotine dependence (P = 0.001), and smoking motivations (smoking to reduce negative mood (P = 0.01); smoking for stimulation (P = 0.01)).	Nicotine	122-130	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-12
10822347-6	2000	The 5-HTTLPR may modify the effects of neuroticism on smoking motivations and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	78-86	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-12
10812948-2	2000	The discovery that neuronal nAChRs are further subdivided into multiple subtypes suggests that drugs which act selectively at specific nAChR subtypes might effectively treat Parkinson"s disease (PD), Alzheimer"s disease (AD), schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, anxiety or pain without the accompanying adverse side effects associated with non-selective agents such as nicotine (1) and epibatidine.	Nicotine	366-374	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
11261802-4	2000	(S) [11C]Nicotine, has so far been the only nAChR ligand used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies for visualizing nAChRs in human brain.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
10549987-6	1999	We have shown previously that nicotine, acting through an alpha-bungarotoxin sensitive receptor, is also neuroprotective, but it too specifically abolishes TNFalpha-mediated neuroprotection.	Nicotine	30-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	156-164
10911933-3	2000	Cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes (CYPs), can activate (e.g. codeine to morphine) or deactivate (e.g. nicotine to cotinine) drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-15
10911933-6	2000	Using in vitro studies, we have identified drugs of abuse that are substrates of the polymorphic enzymes CYP2D6 (codeine, amphetamines, dextromethorphan), CYP2A6 (nicotine) and CYP2C19 (flunitrazepam).	Nicotine	163-171	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
11205143-3	2000	This neuroprotective/trophic role of nAChR activation has been mainly mediated by alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR subtypes, as evidenced using selective nAChR antagonists, and by potent nAChR agonists recently found displaying efficacy and/or larger selective affinities than (-)-nicotine for neuronal nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	277-285	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
10530917-4	1999	IL-1 beta concentrations increased by 2.6, 2.7 and 7.5 times those of the control in groups treated with 1 microM nicotine, arecoline or with both, respectively.	Nicotine	114-122	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-9
10490998-4	1999	Neuroprotection by this cytokine requires both activation of the p55/TNF receptor type I and the release of TNF-alpha from neurons, and it is inhibited by the plant alkaloid nicotine.	Nicotine	174-182	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-117
10715988-0	2000	Nicotine-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation is mediated through bFGF and TGF-beta 1.	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	70-74
10715988-2	2000	We investigated if nicotine, an important constituent of cigarette smoking, has a stimulatory effect on bovine smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro through the mediation of bFGF and TGF-beta 1.	Nicotine	19-27	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	178-182
10715988-7	2000	RESULTS: The bFGF release after (-)-nicotine stimulation was greater than in the controls, whereas TGF-beta 1 release was lower.	Nicotine	32-44	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	13-17
10715988-9	2000	The addition of monoclonal antibody anti-bFGF decreased the 3H-thymidine uptake of SMC exposed to (-)-nicotine, whereas the addition of monoclonal antibody anti-TGF-beta 1 increased the 3H-thymidine uptake of stimulated SMC.	Nicotine	98-110	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	41-45
10715988-10	2000	bFGF mRNA expression was significantly higher in SMC exposed to (-)-nicotine than in the controls, but TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in SMC exposed to 6 x 10(-6) mol/L (-)-nicotine than in SMC treated with the other concentrations of (-)-nicotine and in controls.	Nicotine	64-76	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	0-4
10715988-11	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine is a potent regulator of bFGF and TGF-beta 1 production and release by aortic SMC, and it seems to play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and neointimal fibrous hyperplasia.	Nicotine	13-21	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	47-51
10598105-1	1999	The structure and nuclear genomic organization of the gene family encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), the key enzyme in diverting polyamine metabolism towards the biosynthesis of nicotine and related alkaloids, was examined in Nicotiana tabacum.	Nicotine	190-198	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	75-105
10555165-2	1999	mRNA for c-Fos, c-jun and jun-B were up-regulated at 0.5 h after nicotine treatment, elevated c-Fos also being apparent after withdrawal.	Nicotine	65-73	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10549890-4	1999	Female rats of both lines were allowed access to a solution of nicotine bitartrate (100 microg/mL) in tap water for 14 days.	Nicotine	63-82	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
10598105-1	1999	The structure and nuclear genomic organization of the gene family encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), the key enzyme in diverting polyamine metabolism towards the biosynthesis of nicotine and related alkaloids, was examined in Nicotiana tabacum.	Nicotine	190-198	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	107-110
10509436-7	1999	The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased in nicotine-treated rats, but there was a trend to increased glutathione content.	Nicotine	89-97	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
10509744-3	1999	Nicotine, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, has long been known to have antinociceptive effects in both experimental animals and humans.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
10509744-3	1999	Nicotine, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, has long been known to have antinociceptive effects in both experimental animals and humans.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
10509744-8	1999	Moreover, exploration of the molecular biology of nAChRs revealed evidence of receptor diversity, suggesting that nAChR subtype-selective agents less toxic than nicotine might be discovered; and early medicinal chemistry efforts already have resulted in compounds with improved safety profiles.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
10479714-7	1999	Acute nicotine increased Fos immunostaining (IS) in the caudate-putamen (CPU), the core of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), the cingulate cortex (Cg), and the central nucleus of amygdala (ACe) significantly.	Nicotine	6-14	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
10479714-9	1999	After 24 hr withdrawal, acute nicotine did not increase Fos immunostaining in CPU, NAcc, and Cg, but increased it clearly in ACe.	Nicotine	30-38	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
10453373-0	1999	Transdermal nicotine decreases mucosal IL-8 expression but has no effect on mucin gene expression in ulcerative colitis.	Nicotine	12-20	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	39-43
10512318-1	1999	BACKGROUND: To gain a better insight into the alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in alcoholism, we evaluated the ACTH response to nicotine inhaled from cigarette smoking (two nonfilter cigarettes in succession within 10 min) in nine nonalcoholic men and nine age- and weight-matched alcoholic men who had been addicted to alcohol for at least 8 years.	Nicotine	150-158	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	133-137
10441742-1	1999	As a first step in determining whether there are polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes that are associated with nicotine addiction, we isolated genomic clones of the beta2-nAChR genes from human and mouse BAC libraries.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-102
10441742-1	1999	As a first step in determining whether there are polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes that are associated with nicotine addiction, we isolated genomic clones of the beta2-nAChR genes from human and mouse BAC libraries.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
10453373-9	1999	IL-8 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the colonic mucosa of nicotine-treated patients who improved (p = 0.04).	Nicotine	71-79	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
10453373-10	1999	IL-8 mRNA values were similar before and after treatment in nonresponding nicotine-treated patients and in all placebo-treated patients.	Nicotine	74-82	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
10453373-12	1999	Beneficial effects of transdermal nicotine in active UC may result from decrease of IL-8 expression at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	34-42	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	84-88
10810557-0	1999	Effects of substance P on nicotine-induced intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	26-34	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	11-22
10810557-5	1999	Quantitative analyses implied that SP inhibits the nicotine-induced Ca2+ influx in a noncompetitive manner.	Nicotine	51-59	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	35-37
10435757-6	1999	Nicotine decreased both TNF-alpha and NO responses.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-33
10385616-0	1999	Central injection of nicotine increases hepatic and splenic interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and plasma IL-6 levels in mice: involvement of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.	Nicotine	21-29	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	60-73
10385616-0	1999	Central injection of nicotine increases hepatic and splenic interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and plasma IL-6 levels in mice: involvement of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.	Nicotine	21-29	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	75-79
10385616-0	1999	Central injection of nicotine increases hepatic and splenic interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and plasma IL-6 levels in mice: involvement of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.	Nicotine	21-29	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	108-112
10385616-4	1999	injection of nicotine on plasma IL-6 levels were investigated in mice.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	32-36
10385616-9	1999	Mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, blocked nicotine-induced plasma IL-6 levels.	Nicotine	55-63	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	79-83
10385616-10	1999	Depletion of peripheral norepinephrine with 6-hydroxydopamine [100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i. p.)] inhibited the nicotine-induced plasma IL-6 levels by 57%, whereas central norepinephrine depletion with 6-hydroxydopamine (50 microgram/mouse, i.c.v.)	Nicotine	113-121	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	137-141
10385616-16	1999	), inhibited nicotine-induced plasma IL-6 levels.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	37-41
10326169-0	1999	Weight gain and insulin resistance during nicotine replacement therapy.	Nicotine	42-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
10326169-7	1999	Insulin sensitivity decreased by 14 +/- 2.6% during nicotine replacement but increased by 16 +/- 5.1% (compared with phase 2) during phase 3, even though the weight gain continued (p = 0.047; 95% confidence interval: 0.05-5.73).	Nicotine	52-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
10326169-9	1999	Nicotine is the main ingredient in cigarette smoke causing insulin resistance, but the withdrawal of another, unknown ingredient in cigarette smoke is responsible for the weight gain associated with smoking cessation.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
10213914-10	1999	Nicotine (10(-7) M) also stimulated CRH release and this stimulation was completely blocked by 10(-6) M but not by 10(-7) M of the nicotinic receptor blocker, hexamethonium (HEX).	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
10198208-2	1999	The pattern of bFGF and TGF beta1 production and release by bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC) stimulated with nicotine (from 6 x 10(-4) to 6 x 10(-8) M) was studied.	Nicotine	113-121	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	15-19
10198208-7	1999	The bFGF release after nicotine stimulation was greater than controls, whereas TGF beta1 release was lower.	Nicotine	23-31	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	4-8
10198208-9	1999	The addition of monoclonal antibody anti-bFGF decreased the tritiated thymidine uptake of EC exposed to nicotine but the addition of monoclonal antibody anti-TGF beta1 had no significant effect.	Nicotine	104-112	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	41-45
10198208-10	1999	bFGF mRNA expression was significantly higher in EC exposed to nicotine than in controls, whereas TGF beta1 mRNA expression was not modified.	Nicotine	63-71	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	0-4
10198208-11	1999	From these data we concluded that nicotine regulates bFGF production and release and TGF beta1 release and may have a key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	34-42	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	53-57
10101239-3	1999	Nicotine caused a long-lasting increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in all subfields of the hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	43-62
10101239-3	1999	Nicotine caused a long-lasting increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in all subfields of the hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	64-67
10366615-1	1999	It is hypothesized that desensitization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) induced by chronic exposure to nicotine initiates upregulation of nAChR number.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
10235262-6	1999	The alpha4 nAChR subunit, possibly associated with the beta2 nAChR subunit, is therefore crucial for nicotine-elicited antinociception.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	4-16
10216184-5	1999	Chronic exposure to nicotine induces up-regulation of human recombinant alpha7-nAChR (80% up-regulation at 10 microM nicotine) just as it does native alpha7-nAChR in other human cell lines.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
10216184-5	1999	Chronic exposure to nicotine induces up-regulation of human recombinant alpha7-nAChR (80% up-regulation at 10 microM nicotine) just as it does native alpha7-nAChR in other human cell lines.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
10216184-5	1999	Chronic exposure to nicotine induces up-regulation of human recombinant alpha7-nAChR (80% up-regulation at 10 microM nicotine) just as it does native alpha7-nAChR in other human cell lines.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
10191324-7	1999	It is this alpha3-containing nAChR subtype that probably accounts for most of the excess activity elicited by nicotine application.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
10435011-7	1999	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in the conscious rat; (1) the pressor response to nicotine mainly depends on peripheral alpha-adrenergically-mediated vasoconstriction; (2) the vasomotor effect is caused by neural rather than adrenomedullary catecholamine release; (3) the nicotine-induced increase in heart rate (and presumably cardiac output) is per se unable to raise blood pressure, and (4) the nicotine-induced release of vasopressin plays no significant role in the pressor response.	Nicotine	80-88	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	424-435
9873232-3	1999	Therefore, we studied: (a) the influence of nicotine and cotinine on the effects of PGE2 on placental vasculature in perfused human placental cotyledon, and (b) the activation of placental phospholipase A2 (PLA2) by nicotine and cotinine using 1-palmitoyl-2-[1-14C]arachidonyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 2.2 nmol) as substrate.	Nicotine	216-224	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	189-205
10095079-4	1999	In the fetal rat SCN we show that NGFI-A and junB are also induced by nicotine, but not c-jun.	Nicotine	70-78	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
10350185-3	1999	CYP2E1, 2C19, 1A2, 2C8, 3A4, 2C9, and 1A1 catalysed nicotine C-oxidation only at high (500 microM) substrate concentration.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
10051526-0	1999	Regulation of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor desensitization by calcium and protein kinase C. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) desensitization is hypothesized to be a trigger for long-term changes in receptor number and function observed after chronic administration of nicotine at levels similar to those found in persons who use tobacco.	Nicotine	287-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
10208315-2	1999	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits are expressed in trigeminal primary afferents and could constitute the receptors involved in nicotine perception.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-41
10208315-2	1999	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits are expressed in trigeminal primary afferents and could constitute the receptors involved in nicotine perception.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
10066866-0	1999	Nicotine increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production by human brain endothelial cells via protein kinase C-associated pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	101-117
10066866-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine increases brain endothelial cell PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein production via PK-C-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
9873232-6	1999	Nicotine (2 microg/ml) prevented the effect of PGE2; (2) both cotinine (EC50 470-500 fmol/l) and nicotine (EC50 18-32 pmol/l) activated PLA2 in human placental tissues.	Nicotine	0-8	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	136-140
9873232-6	1999	Nicotine (2 microg/ml) prevented the effect of PGE2; (2) both cotinine (EC50 470-500 fmol/l) and nicotine (EC50 18-32 pmol/l) activated PLA2 in human placental tissues.	Nicotine	97-105	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	136-140
9873232-7	1999	These observations indicated that cotinine was more potent than in nicotine activating PLA2 and potentiating the vasoconstrictive effects of PGE2 on fetal placental circulation.	Nicotine	67-75	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	87-91
9886920-1	1999	The involvement of cAMP- and Ca2+-mediated pathways in the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression by nicotine was examined in PC-12 cells.	Nicotine	118-126	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
9701676-4	1998	Three months after the NGF treatment ended, a significant increase in nicotine binding was found in several brain areas in the first 2 patients and in the hippocampus in the third patient as studied by positron emission tomography.	Nicotine	70-78	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	23-26
9808712-6	1998	Although various hydrophilic organic cations such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, cimetidine, quinidine, nicotine, N1-methylnicotinamide and guanidine markedly inhibited TEA uptake by both MDCK-OCT1 and MDCK-OCT2 cells, there were no significant differences in the apparent inhibition constants (Ki) against these organic cations between both transfectants.	Nicotine	105-113	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Rattus norvegicus	208-212
10101239-12	1999	The reciprocal interaction between NGF and ascending cholinergic systems may be a component of the cognitive enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
10072197-5	1999	Pretreatment with several nAChR ligands (nicotine, cytisine, epibatidine, unlabeled fluoro-A-85380) substantially reduced uptake of the radioligand in the three cerebral areas.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10622280-0	1999	Regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor messenger RNA by nicotine in an immortalized amygdalar cell line.	Nicotine	62-70	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	14-44
9813140-4	1998	Pretreatment with nicotine caused a significant inhibition of LPS-induced IL-1, IL-8, and PGE2 expression at the transcriptional level in U937 cells.	Nicotine	18-26	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	80-84
9822891-2	1998	Relaxations induced by transmural electrical stimulation with electrical pulses, nicotine or K+ in the muscle strips contracted with bradykinin and treated with atropine were attenuated but not abolished by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), and the inhibition was reversed by L-arginine.	Nicotine	81-89	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	133-143
9774145-8	1998	In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for the occurrence of GST A4-4 enzyme activity in mammalian mitochondria, in addition to demonstrating that both mitochondria and microsomes are intracellular targets for nicotine- and NNK-induced organ toxicity.	Nicotine	222-230	glutathione S-transferase alpha 4	Homo sapiens	73-81
9765366-1	1998	ACh receptors sensitive to nicotine (nAChR) are present in human skin keratinocytes and in bronchial epithelial cells.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
9685679-4	1998	(-)Nicotine inhibits the AbetaP activation of phospholipase A2, with an IC50 of 76 microM and of phospholipase D with an IC50 of 252 microM.	Nicotine	3-11	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	46-62
9712657-5	1998	The activation of alpha-Bgt-AChRs by nicotine results in the induction of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the cdk inhibitor p21.	Nicotine	37-45	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	103-106
9685679-8	1998	Exposure of LA-N-2 cells to (-)nicotine for 2 h resulted in the blockade of phospholipase A2 activation by kainate and AbetaP but did not affect the ability of quisqualate and AbetaP to activate phospholipase D. These data suggest that if the nicotine inhibition of AbetaP activations is receptor occupancy mediated then it is by an atypical receptor type.	Nicotine	31-39	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	76-92
9767362-0	1998	Transdermal nicotine inhibits interleukin 2 synthesis by mononuclear cells derived from healthy volunteers.	Nicotine	12-20	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	30-43
9881909-2	1998	Nicotine neither at a dose of 5 microg nor at a dose of 10 microg injected icv at 1400 h caused significant changes in the surge of LH and PRL secretion.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
9881909-3	1998	When nicotine was given iv at a dose of 100 microg, a significant decrease in LH and PRL concentrations occurred immediately, lasting for 2 h. After 1700 h, LH and PRL concentrations as high as that observed after 1700 h in saline-injected control rats were recovered, just as if nicotine caused a transient deficit of the surge secretion of these hormones.	Nicotine	5-13	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
9881909-3	1998	When nicotine was given iv at a dose of 100 microg, a significant decrease in LH and PRL concentrations occurred immediately, lasting for 2 h. After 1700 h, LH and PRL concentrations as high as that observed after 1700 h in saline-injected control rats were recovered, just as if nicotine caused a transient deficit of the surge secretion of these hormones.	Nicotine	5-13	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
9694939-4	1998	nAChRs also are targets of nicotine, which acts acutely like acetylcholine to stimulate nAChR function.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
9694939-6	1998	Chronic nicotine treatment induces increases in numbers of human muscle-type nAChRs containing alpha-1, beta-1, gamma and delta subunits, a human ganglionic nAChR subtype containing alpha-3 and beta-4 subunits and a human ganglionic nAChR containing alpha-7 subunits in intracellular and (except for alpha-7 nAChRs) in cell surface pools.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
9694939-6	1998	Chronic nicotine treatment induces increases in numbers of human muscle-type nAChRs containing alpha-1, beta-1, gamma and delta subunits, a human ganglionic nAChR subtype containing alpha-3 and beta-4 subunits and a human ganglionic nAChR containing alpha-7 subunits in intracellular and (except for alpha-7 nAChRs) in cell surface pools.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
9694939-9	1998	Nicotine exposure more potently, more rapidly, and with nAChR-subtype specificity, induces two phases of losses in functional responsiveness of muscle-type nAChRs and alpha-3 beta-4 nAChRs, including a "persistent inactivation" that is distinct from classicly defined "desensitization."	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
9694939-10	1998	Based on these results, we hypothesize that chronic nicotine treatment induces persistent functional inactivation and numerical up-regulation of all nAChR subtypes via distinct post-transcriptional mechanisms and with potencies, at rates and with magnitudes that are nAChR-subtype specific.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
9694939-10	1998	Based on these results, we hypothesize that chronic nicotine treatment induces persistent functional inactivation and numerical up-regulation of all nAChR subtypes via distinct post-transcriptional mechanisms and with potencies, at rates and with magnitudes that are nAChR-subtype specific.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	267-272
9767362-7	1998	RESULTS: Transdermal nicotine caused a significant inhibition of IL-2 after 2 weeks" treatment compared with the placebo group.	Nicotine	21-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
9767362-9	1998	CONCLUSION: The beneficial effect of transdermal nicotine in ulcerative colitis may be mediated by a selective inhibition of the IL-2 production by mucosal mononuclear cells, which could result in diminished cell proliferation and consequently a reduction in the inflammatory process.	Nicotine	49-57	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
9726629-7	1998	In the strips treated with L-NA, the nicotine-induced relaxation was abolished or markedly reduced under desensitization with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and by treatment with high concentrations of beraprost, a stable analog of prostaglandin I2, but was unaffected by CGRP or VIP receptor antagonists.	Nicotine	37-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	157-160
9726629-7	1998	In the strips treated with L-NA, the nicotine-induced relaxation was abolished or markedly reduced under desensitization with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and by treatment with high concentrations of beraprost, a stable analog of prostaglandin I2, but was unaffected by CGRP or VIP receptor antagonists.	Nicotine	37-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	327-330
9582440-5	1998	Carbachol or nicotine increased expression of transfected FGF-2 gene promoter-luciferase constructs and were more potent than the muscarinic agonist ABMCB.	Nicotine	13-21	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	58-63
9572289-6	1998	The nicotine-induced up-regulation of nAChR binding sites in SH-SY5Y cells was shifted to the right by two orders of magnitude as compared with that in M10 cells.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
9676742-2	1998	MPA showed an affinity (Ki = 1.21 nM) which was higher than anatoxin-a &gt; (-)-nicotine &gt; (+)-[R]nornicotine &gt; (-)-[S]nornicotine &gt; and (+)-nicotine, but lower than cytisine (Ki = 0.46 nM) in competing for (-)-[3H]nicotine binding in M10 cells, which stably express the recombinant alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	304-309
9560282-5	1998	The proliferative response of SCLC cell lines to nicotine was also remarkably impaired by in vitro NGF treatment.	Nicotine	49-57	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	99-102
9600337-2	1998	The present study provides evidence that nicotine (a) activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathway in lung cancer cells, specifically extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK2), resulting in increased expression of the bcl-2 protein and inhibition of apoptosis in these cells; and (b) blocks the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and ERK2 activity in lung cancer cells by anti-cancer agents, such as therapeutic opioid drugs, and thus can adversely affect cancer therapy.	Nicotine	41-49	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	248-253
9600337-2	1998	The present study provides evidence that nicotine (a) activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathway in lung cancer cells, specifically extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK2), resulting in increased expression of the bcl-2 protein and inhibition of apoptosis in these cells; and (b) blocks the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and ERK2 activity in lung cancer cells by anti-cancer agents, such as therapeutic opioid drugs, and thus can adversely affect cancer therapy.	Nicotine	41-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	200-204
9552164-0	1998	Nicotine blocks TNF-alpha-mediated neuroprotection to NMDA by an alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	16-25
9489734-7	1998	Changes in the levels of nAChR protein and mRNA may have adaptive significance and be involved in the development of dependence, tolerance, and addiction to chronic ethanol and nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
9512361-0	1998	Identification of tryptophan 55 as the primary site of [3H]nicotine photoincorporation in the gamma-subunit of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
9512361-1	1998	[3H]nicotine has been used as a photoaffinity agonist to identify amino acids within the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma-subunit that contributes to the structure of the agonist binding site.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-129
9512361-1	1998	[3H]nicotine has been used as a photoaffinity agonist to identify amino acids within the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma-subunit that contributes to the structure of the agonist binding site.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
9512361-2	1998	UV irradiation (254 nm) of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]nicotine results in covalent incorporation into alpha- and gamma-subunits that is inhibitable by agonists and competitive antagonists, but not by non-competitive antagonists (Middleton, R.E.	Nicotine	70-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
9621392-1	1998	Nicotine has been shown to be a potent stimulus for the secretion of the stress-responsive hormones, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and prolactin.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	122-126
9621392-4	1998	Data are presented demonstrating that nicotine acts via a central mechanism to stimulate indirectly the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary corticotropes.	Nicotine	38-46	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	115-119
9486473-6	1998	These data indicate that mecamylamine reduced irritation elicited by nicotine but not capsaicin, and provide further evidence that nicotine oral irritation is mediated via a neuronal nAchR while capsaicin activates trigeminal fibers via a separate molecular receptor.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
9621392-7	1998	A reduction in the modulatory effect of these catecholamines (by neurotoxic lesion, synthetic enzyme inhibitors or adrenergic receptor antagonists) resulted in an inhibition of nicotine-stimulated ACTH secretion.	Nicotine	177-185	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	197-201
9621392-9	1998	The differential sensitivity of these receptors to the nicotinic agonists, cytisine and nicotine, reflects the heterogeneity of the NAchR subtypes involved.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
9600337-2	1998	The present study provides evidence that nicotine (a) activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathway in lung cancer cells, specifically extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK2), resulting in increased expression of the bcl-2 protein and inhibition of apoptosis in these cells; and (b) blocks the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and ERK2 activity in lung cancer cells by anti-cancer agents, such as therapeutic opioid drugs, and thus can adversely affect cancer therapy.	Nicotine	41-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	366-370
9600337-4	1998	While exposure to nicotine can result in the activation of the two major signalling pathways (MAP kinase and PKC) that are known to inhibit apoptosis, nicotine regulation of MAP (ERK2) kinase activity is not dependent on PKC.	Nicotine	151-159	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
9415721-6	1997	These data suggest a hypothetical mechanism of nicotine-induced deactivation that involves dephosphorylation of nicotinic receptors at PKC phosphorylation sites.	Nicotine	47-55	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	135-138
9458815-0	1998	Nicotine stimulates branching and expression of SP-A and SP-C mRNAs in embryonic mouse lung culture.	Nicotine	0-8	sparse coat	Mus musculus	57-61
9443850-8	1998	The major metabolic pathways of nicotine, i.e. cotinine formation catalyzed by CYP and nicotine-1"-N-oxide formation catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase, were investigated in these rat liver microsomes.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
9443850-12	1998	These results suggested that the reduction of nicotine metabolism in cirrhosis was due to decreases in CYP and flavin-containing monooxygenase protein expression levels.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9585143-3	1998	Examples of NAChR agonists studied are nicotine, SIB-1508Y, SIB-1553A and epibatidine.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
9585143-9	1998	The discovery of subtype-selective NAChR agonists such as SIB-1508Y and SIB-1553A provides a new class of neuropsychopharmacological agents with better therapeutic ratios than nonspecific agents such as nicotine.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
9695647-3	1998	The effect of nicotine activity is insulin resistance leading to lipid disorders which are risk factor for atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	14-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
9439476-0	1997	Increased plasma endothelin-1 after nicotine consumption in nonsmokers.	Nicotine	36-44	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	17-29
9413272-9	1997	These data suggest that nicotine, the principle pharmacological agent in cigarette smoke and related tobacco products, acts via a ganglionic-type nicotinic receptor to enhance leukocyte rolling via P-selectin and reactive oxygen radical-dependent mechanisms in cerebral microcirculation of the mouse.	Nicotine	24-32	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	198-208
9276735-9	1997	KCREB, a dominant negative mutant of the CRE-binding protein CREB, blunted activation of chromogranin A transcription by nicotine, phorbol ester, or membrane depolarization.	Nicotine	121-129	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	89-103
9387862-5	1997	A high level of signals for vasopressin mRNA was detected in the supraoptic nucleus after the animals were injected s.c. with nicotine.	Nicotine	126-134	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	28-39
9387862-7	1997	Nicotine may up-regulate vasopressin gene expression in the supraoptic nucleus, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	25-36
9549051-9	1997	CNA CRH neurons were most responsive and were maximally stimulated by the low dose of nicotine (62% of CRH neurons were cFos+, compared to 10-27% of the CRH population in other regions, including the PVN).	Nicotine	86-94	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
9549051-9	1997	CNA CRH neurons were most responsive and were maximally stimulated by the low dose of nicotine (62% of CRH neurons were cFos+, compared to 10-27% of the CRH population in other regions, including the PVN).	Nicotine	86-94	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9549051-9	1997	CNA CRH neurons were most responsive and were maximally stimulated by the low dose of nicotine (62% of CRH neurons were cFos+, compared to 10-27% of the CRH population in other regions, including the PVN).	Nicotine	86-94	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9549051-13	1997	These results indicate that the effect(s) of nicotine on the brain may be mediated, in part, by the selective activation of specific extrahypothalamic regions containing CRH neurons that also are involved in autonomic and behavioral responses to stress.	Nicotine	45-53	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
9549051-14	1997	The large fraction of CRH neurons responding to the low dose of nicotine in the CNA suggests that this limbic region may be particularly important in mediating these CNS effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	64-72	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
9549051-14	1997	The large fraction of CRH neurons responding to the low dose of nicotine in the CNA suggests that this limbic region may be particularly important in mediating these CNS effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	181-189	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
9336329-5	1997	In cation flux and channel current studies, ABT-089 displayed a more complex profile than (-)-nicotine having agonist, partial agonist and inhibitory activities depending on the nAChR subtype with which it interacts.	Nicotine	90-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
9282914-5	1997	The noncompetitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine potently antagonized (-)-nicotine-evoked ion flux, whereas the competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was a weak antagonist, giving support to an alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	70-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
9282914-5	1997	The noncompetitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine potently antagonized (-)-nicotine-evoked ion flux, whereas the competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was a weak antagonist, giving support to an alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	70-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	217-222
9281615-2	1997	In this study, the regulation of recombinant human alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype by (-)-nicotine and other cholinergic channel modulators was studied using human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing this subunit combination.	Nicotine	80-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
9175107-3	1997	DEX treatment also significantly potentiated the increases in cytosolic Ca2+ in response to submaximal stimulatory concentrations of KCl (delta +64%) and nicotine (delta +32%).	Nicotine	154-162	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
9387186-10	1997	An over exposure of BEC to Nic, however, produced an antagonist-like effect, suggesting that the pathobiological effects of Nic toxicity might result from both activation of nAChR channels and nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	27-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
9387186-10	1997	An over exposure of BEC to Nic, however, produced an antagonist-like effect, suggesting that the pathobiological effects of Nic toxicity might result from both activation of nAChR channels and nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	27-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
9270071-0	1997	Chronic nicotine treatment differentially regulates substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in substantia nigra ipsilateral to a unilateral lesion.	Nicotine	8-16	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
9270071-6	1997	Thus, nicotine induced a disappearance of SP immunoreactive nerve terminals in substantia nigra pars compacta on the lesioned side, while it was again shown to counteract the lesion-induced disappearance of nigral TH immunoreactivity in the same animals.	Nicotine	6-14	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	42-44
9270071-8	1997	Taken together these results indicate that nicotine may act by a reduced SP excitatory input to the nigral DA cells, which rescues them from dying.	Nicotine	43-51	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	73-75
9249245-0	1997	Involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in nicotine-induced relaxation of the rat gastric fundus.	Nicotine	52-60	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	15-48
9249245-2	1997	Nicotine-induced relaxation and release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)-like immunoreactivity (LI) were measured in longitudinal muscle strips from the rat gastric fundus.	Nicotine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
9249245-13	1997	NANC relaxation induced by 30 microM nicotine was significantly reduced by a specific anti-VIP serum (approximately 35% less than that seen with normal rabbit serum).	Nicotine	37-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
9249245-15	1997	Nicotine (30-300 microM) caused significant, concentration-dependent increases in the outflow of VIP- and PHI-LI from the strips; these effects were also diminished with re-exposure.	Nicotine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
9249245-18	1997	These findings indicate that VIP and possibly PHI are involved in NANC relaxation of the rat gastric fundus induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
9221946-0	1997	Nicotine activates NPY and catecholaminergic neurons in brainstem regions involved in ACTH secretion.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
9221946-8	1997	In nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)-A2 and NTS-C2, both NPY+ and TH+ neurons responded to the lower dose of nicotine, whereas the activin and galanin neurons in these regions were unresponsive to either dose of nicotine.	Nicotine	108-116	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
9221946-9	1997	In contrast, the higher dose of nicotine was required to activate NPY+ neurons in the A1 region and both NPY+ and galanin+ neurons in the locus coeruleus; the C1 region was unresponsive to nicotine.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9221946-9	1997	In contrast, the higher dose of nicotine was required to activate NPY+ neurons in the A1 region and both NPY+ and galanin+ neurons in the locus coeruleus; the C1 region was unresponsive to nicotine.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
9221946-10	1997	Since plasma ACTH is elevated by the low dose of nicotine and only NTS neurons are activated by this dose, NPY projections from the NTS are likely to contribute to nicotine-stimulated ACTH secretion, in addition to the previously described catecholaminergic neurons.	Nicotine	164-172	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
9187341-4	1997	Nicotine (10 ng/3 microl/rat) given at 10:00 h significantly inhibited TIDA neuronal activity from 5 to 30 min and stimulated serum PRL levels at 5 and 15 min.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
9187341-6	1997	A dose-related (0.1-100 ng) effect of nicotine on TIDA neuronal activity and serum PRL level was also observed in the morning when TIDA neuronal activity is high and serum PRL level is low, but not in the afternoon when the former activity is low and the latter is high.	Nicotine	38-46	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9187341-6	1997	A dose-related (0.1-100 ng) effect of nicotine on TIDA neuronal activity and serum PRL level was also observed in the morning when TIDA neuronal activity is high and serum PRL level is low, but not in the afternoon when the former activity is low and the latter is high.	Nicotine	38-46	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
9549051-3	1997	Other CRH neurons throughout the brain also are involved in coordinating aspects of the stress response, but very little is known about the effect of nicotine on CRH neurons in extrahypothalamic regions that are involved in the autonomic and behavioral responses to stress.	Nicotine	150-158	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
9549051-4	1997	The current study sought to determine the extent of nicotinic activation of extrahypothalamic CRH neurons, since these neurons may be involved in mediating the central effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	179-187	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
9549051-8	1997	In all of these areas, nicotine activated CRH neurons in a dose-dependent manner, showing differential sensitivity and efficacy with respect to region.	Nicotine	23-31	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
9151352-2	1997	Cortisol and ACTH were increased by nicotine, but not by noise and there was no noise by dose interaction.	Nicotine	36-44	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	13-17
9098679-3	1997	There are several lines of evidence which support a role for Ca2+ in nicotine"s acute pharmacological effects.	Nicotine	69-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	61-64
9104590-2	1997	For all nAChRs examined (chick and rat alpha 3 beta 4, chick alpha 3 beta 2, alpha 4 beta 2, alpha 7 and alpha 8), expression levels were high enough to allow measurements of acetylcholine-evoked whole-cell currents and nicotine-elicited Ca2+ transients as well as the functional characterization of nAChR channels.	Nicotine	220-228	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	8-13
9812615-3	1997	Number of positive c-fos cells in hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus of the mice treated with 2 mg/kg of nicotine was significantly greater than that in those treated with 1 mg/kg (P &lt; 0.01), and there was no difference in it between those treated with 1 mg/kg of nicotine and controls treated with normal saline.	Nicotine	104-112	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	46-49
9067314-0	1997	Nicotine-induced inhibition of neuronal phospholipase A2.	Nicotine	0-8	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	40-56
9067314-7	1997	In fact, using the fluorogenic phospholipase A2 substrate 1,2-bis-(1-pyrenedecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, (-)-nicotine was found to inhibit both particulate and soluble phospholipase A2 activities from striatal neurons.	Nicotine	114-126	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	31-47
9067314-7	1997	In fact, using the fluorogenic phospholipase A2 substrate 1,2-bis-(1-pyrenedecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, (-)-nicotine was found to inhibit both particulate and soluble phospholipase A2 activities from striatal neurons.	Nicotine	114-126	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	177-193
9076668-6	1997	The activity of lipoprotein lipase in extrahepatic tissues and plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity were significantly lower in nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	145-153	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	16-34
9812615-3	1997	Number of positive c-fos cells in hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus of the mice treated with 2 mg/kg of nicotine was significantly greater than that in those treated with 1 mg/kg (P &lt; 0.01), and there was no difference in it between those treated with 1 mg/kg of nicotine and controls treated with normal saline.	Nicotine	266-274	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	46-49
8999889-11	1997	Furthermore, exposure of PC-12 cells or primary bovine adrenal chromaffin cells to chromaffin cell secretagogues (60 microM nicotine, 55 mM KCl, or 2 mM BaCl2) resulted in co-release of t-PA in parallel with catecholamines.	Nicotine	124-132	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Bos taurus	186-190
9061614-7	1997	Nicotine treatment upregulated the expression of TH, PNMT, and NPY genes in a dose-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
8987816-4	1996	The rank order of potency of four nAChR ligands to activate human alpha4beta2 receptors is (-)-nicotine &gt; ACh &gt; (-)-cytisine &gt; ABT-418.	Nicotine	91-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
9250725-0	1997	The secretory response of hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons to acute and chronic nicotine treatments and following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	83-91	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	39-53
9250725-0	1997	The secretory response of hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons to acute and chronic nicotine treatments and following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	117-125	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	39-53
9250725-1	1997	In the present study, we determined the effect of acute and chronic nicotine treatments on the secretion of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (IR-beta-EP) and cell viability of cultured hypothalamic neurons.	Nicotine	68-76	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	123-137
8976346-0	1996	Nicotine and cotinine stimulate secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor and affect expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cultured human smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	45-75
8976346-14	1996	CONCLUSION: Nicotine and cotinine enhanced the production of bFGF, a major mitogen for smooth muscle cells, and up-regulated the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases that are critical in cell migration.	Nicotine	12-20	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
8941400-6	1996	All 12 alkaloids were assessed for activity at [3H]nicotine binding sites which are considered to represent alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
8917330-3	1996	Possible mechanisms include nicotine-induced peripheral and central sympathetic nervous system stimulation, persisting levels of nicotine in blood because of incomplete metabolism, release of vasopressin, and chemoreceptor stimulation.	Nicotine	129-137	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	192-203
8930570-3	1996	To find an explanation for the beneficial effect of nicotine in UC and the deteriorative effect in CD we studied the in-vivo effect of nicotine on the interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) production by human cells.	Nicotine	135-143	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	151-164
8930570-3	1996	To find an explanation for the beneficial effect of nicotine in UC and the deteriorative effect in CD we studied the in-vivo effect of nicotine on the interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) production by human cells.	Nicotine	135-143	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	166-170
8913794-0	1996	Nicotine inhibits the in vitro production of interleukin 2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human mononuclear cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	45-91
8913794-6	1996	Nicotine as well as prednisolone caused a significant inhibition of IL-2 and TNF alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
8913794-6	1996	Nicotine as well as prednisolone caused a significant inhibition of IL-2 and TNF alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-86
8923487-3	1996	Acute exposure to SP inhibits carbamylcholine- or nicotine-stimulated function measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays of human ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR expressed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (IC50 approximately 2.3 microM) or of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) nAChR expressed in TE671/RD clonal cells (IC50 approximately 21 microM).	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	151-156
8923487-3	1996	Acute exposure to SP inhibits carbamylcholine- or nicotine-stimulated function measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays of human ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR expressed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (IC50 approximately 2.3 microM) or of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) nAChR expressed in TE671/RD clonal cells (IC50 approximately 21 microM).	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	283-288
8976346-9	1996	RESULTS: Both nicotine and cotinine stimulated the production and secretion of bFGF in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	14-22	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
8976346-12	1996	Stromelysin-1 was up-regulated by nicotine and cotinine at 12 and 18 hours (1.5-fold to 7.0-fold).	Nicotine	34-42	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-13
8790020-0	1996	Long-term use of nicotine gum is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.	Nicotine	17-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
8790020-4	1996	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that nicotine is the major constituent in cigarette smoke that leads to insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, and increased cardiovascular morbidity.	Nicotine	41-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
8790020-2	1996	METHODS AND RESULTS: Long-term use of nicotine-containing chewing gum was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.	Nicotine	38-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
8790020-3	1996	The degree of insulin sensitivity correlated negatively to the extent of nicotine use measured as plasma cotinine levels.	Nicotine	73-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
8738758-0	1996	Nicotinic receptor subunits alpha 3, alpha 4, and beta 2 and high affinity nicotine binding sites are expressed by P19 embryonal cells.	Nicotine	75-83	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	115-118
9023586-6	1996	Responding T cells exposed to nicotine produced significantly less Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but significantly more Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10.	Nicotine	30-38	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	91-100
9023586-6	1996	Responding T cells exposed to nicotine produced significantly less Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but significantly more Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	149-154
8819110-0	1996	Recent problems with paracervical vasopressin: a possible synergistic reaction with nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	34-45
8819110-7	1996	We suspect her cardiac problems, and recently reported cardiac events in other women receiving small doses of paracervical vasopressin, could be caused by a synergism of the vasoconstrictive properties of nicotine and vasopressin.	Nicotine	205-213	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	123-134
8819110-8	1996	Caution is urged when vasopressin is to be administered to patients who smoke or use nicotine transdermal patches.	Nicotine	85-93	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	22-33
8793114-0	1996	Nicotine and prostaglandin E induce secretogranin II levels in bovine chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	0-8	secretogranin II	Bos taurus	36-52
8793114-2	1996	Nicotine and prostaglandin E2 elevated secretogranin II mRNA and protein up to three-fold.	Nicotine	0-8	secretogranin II	Bos taurus	39-55
8807663-2	1996	The aim of this study was to assess the role of CYP2D6 in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	48-54
8813591-7	1996	The slow restoration to the resting tone in the case of high-frequency- or nicotine-induced relaxation seems to be due to the release of VIP or VIP-like peptides.	Nicotine	75-83	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	137-140
8813591-7	1996	The slow restoration to the resting tone in the case of high-frequency- or nicotine-induced relaxation seems to be due to the release of VIP or VIP-like peptides.	Nicotine	75-83	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	144-147
8593811-1	1996	Systemically administered nicotine elicits ACTH release indirectly by acting on neurons in brainstem catecholaminergic regions known to send afferent projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the site of CRH neurons involved in initiating ACTH secretion.	Nicotine	26-34	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	232-235
8728564-4	1996	Previously nicotine was reported to increase Fos IS also in another stress-related area, the central nucleus of amygdala (ACe).	Nicotine	11-19	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
8804049-0	1996	The CCK-B antagonist LY288513 blocks the effects of nicotine withdrawal on auditory startle.	Nicotine	52-60	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	4-9
8804049-1	1996	In order to explore the potential clinical utility of CCK-B antagonists for the treatment of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, the auditory startle reflex was examined in rats undergoing withdrawal from the chronic administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	54-59
8804049-4	1996	Acute treatment with the CCK-B antagonist LY288513, at doses that have no effect on startle responses in naive rats, blocked the nicotine withdrawal-induced increase in the acoustic startle reflex.	Nicotine	129-137	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	25-30
8804049-5	1996	These results indicate that CCK-B antagonists may be an efficacious treatment for some nicotine withdrawal symptoms in man and may represent a novel pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	87-95	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	28-33
8779941-0	1996	Alterations of lipolysis and lipoprotein lipase in chronically nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	63-71	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	29-47
8779941-7	1996	Nicotine caused a 30% decrease in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, without any changes in LPL mass or mRNA levels, in epididymal fat in the fed state.	Nicotine	0-8	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	34-52
8779941-7	1996	Nicotine caused a 30% decrease in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, without any changes in LPL mass or mRNA levels, in epididymal fat in the fed state.	Nicotine	0-8	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
8779941-8	1996	In contrast, LPL activity, mass, and mRNA levels in heart were increased by nicotine whether animals were fed or fasted.	Nicotine	76-84	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
24226983-7	1996	The signal transduction pathway mediating wound-induced nicotine production therefore shares many features of the pathway eliciting wound-induced proteinase inhibitor production but differs in not being regulated at the lipase step in jasmonic acid production and not being responsive to abscisic acid.	Nicotine	56-64	endogenous retrovirus group K member 25	Homo sapiens	146-156
8708946-0	1996	Nicotine effects on PGE2 and IL-1 beta release by LPS-treated human monocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	29-38
8708946-10	1996	IL-1 beta secretion was lower for either LPS plus 100 micrograms/ml nicotine relative to LPS alone, although not significantly.	Nicotine	68-76	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-9
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-85
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	175-180
8873294-3	1996	The P50 deficit is normalized in nongating subjects by nicotine.	Nicotine	55-63	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
8807663-1	1996	That CYP2D6 activity is an important determinant of nicotine metabolism and that people who have abnormal CYP2D6 genes are poor metabolizers of nicotine has been reported in the medical literature.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
8807663-1	1996	That CYP2D6 activity is an important determinant of nicotine metabolism and that people who have abnormal CYP2D6 genes are poor metabolizers of nicotine has been reported in the medical literature.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	106-112
8807663-1	1996	That CYP2D6 activity is an important determinant of nicotine metabolism and that people who have abnormal CYP2D6 genes are poor metabolizers of nicotine has been reported in the medical literature.	Nicotine	144-152	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
8807663-1	1996	That CYP2D6 activity is an important determinant of nicotine metabolism and that people who have abnormal CYP2D6 genes are poor metabolizers of nicotine has been reported in the medical literature.	Nicotine	144-152	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	106-112
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	45-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-202
8683417-6	1995	Nicotine inhibited production of superoxide anion (measured by reduction of cytochrome c) and hydrogen peroxide (measured by oxidation of phenol red).	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome c	Nicotiana tabacum	76-88
8683417-8	1995	By observing that nicotine inhibited the reduction of cytochrome c by reagent potassium superoxide, we determined that nicotine directly absorbed superoxide.	Nicotine	18-26	cytochrome c	Nicotiana tabacum	54-66
8683417-8	1995	By observing that nicotine inhibited the reduction of cytochrome c by reagent potassium superoxide, we determined that nicotine directly absorbed superoxide.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome c	Nicotiana tabacum	54-66
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	45-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-202
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
8974638-0	1995	Nicotine administration reduces neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y mRNA concentrations in the rat hypothalamus: NPY may mediate nicotine"s effects on energy balance.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	32-46
8974638-2	1995	NPY injected into the PVN causes hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure and eventually obesity, effects which are opposed by nicotine.	Nicotine	126-134	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8974638-10	1995	Food restriction, which induced weight loss comparable with that during nicotine treatment, increased NPY mRNA to levels that were 100% above controls (P &lt; 0.01) and also significantly higher than in the nicotine-treated group (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	72-80	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
8974638-13	1995	We suggest that nicotine may inhibit NPY synthesis in the hypothalamus, independently of any effects due to altered energy balance.	Nicotine	16-24	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
8563721-0	1995	Nicotine acts directly on pituitary GH3 cells to inhibit prolactin promoter activity.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
8563721-1	1995	We have employed the GH3 rat pituitary cell line to investigate whether nicotine can regulate prolactin (PRL) gene expression.	Nicotine	72-80	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
8563721-1	1995	We have employed the GH3 rat pituitary cell line to investigate whether nicotine can regulate prolactin (PRL) gene expression.	Nicotine	72-80	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
8563721-2	1995	Nicotine strongly inhibited (45%) transient expression of a construct containing the first 187 base-pairs of the rat PRL promoter cloned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
8563721-3	1995	This implies that nicotine acts directly on the GH3 cells to inhibit transcription directed by the PRL promoter.	Nicotine	18-26	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
8563721-6	1995	Nicotine was also observed to yield a concentration-dependent inhibition of the stimulation by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) of PRL promoter activity, implying that nicotine can also interfere with hormonal regulation of the PRL gene.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
8563721-6	1995	Nicotine was also observed to yield a concentration-dependent inhibition of the stimulation by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) of PRL promoter activity, implying that nicotine can also interfere with hormonal regulation of the PRL gene.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	232-235
8563721-6	1995	Nicotine was also observed to yield a concentration-dependent inhibition of the stimulation by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) of PRL promoter activity, implying that nicotine can also interfere with hormonal regulation of the PRL gene.	Nicotine	172-180	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
8563721-6	1995	Nicotine was also observed to yield a concentration-dependent inhibition of the stimulation by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) of PRL promoter activity, implying that nicotine can also interfere with hormonal regulation of the PRL gene.	Nicotine	172-180	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	232-235
8563721-7	1995	These results suggest that the reduced serum PRL levels that result from smoking may originate in part from decreased transcription of the PRL gene resulting from a direct effect of nicotine on pituitary PRL-secreting cells.	Nicotine	182-190	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
8563721-7	1995	These results suggest that the reduced serum PRL levels that result from smoking may originate in part from decreased transcription of the PRL gene resulting from a direct effect of nicotine on pituitary PRL-secreting cells.	Nicotine	182-190	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
8563721-7	1995	These results suggest that the reduced serum PRL levels that result from smoking may originate in part from decreased transcription of the PRL gene resulting from a direct effect of nicotine on pituitary PRL-secreting cells.	Nicotine	182-190	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
8847680-5	1995	Nicotine significantly lowered plasma fibrinogen but did not affect markers of platelet activation, endothelial damage, white cell count and serum lipids.	Nicotine	0-8	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	38-48
8884888-6	1995	Nicotine also aggravated the CCl4 induced pathological changes in livers of both non-pregnant and pregnant animals.	Nicotine	0-8	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
8584207-4	1995	Microinfusion of nicotinic agonist, nicotine, to the SON also induced Fos expression, but mainly in the vasopressin neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	104-115
7494448-0	1995	Nicotine elicits changes in expression of adrenal catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, neuropeptide Y and immediate early genes by injection but not continuous administration.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	86-100
7494448-8	1995	These data indicate that activation of several transcription factors and increased expression of TH, DBH, and NPY is dependent on the mode of nicotine administration.	Nicotine	142-150	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
7638233-3	1995	Furthermore, nicotine reduced dopamine (DA) content and increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the carotid bodies, further suggesting that DA mediates the acute effect of nicotine on arterial chemoreceptor function.	Nicotine	13-21	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	84-104
7638233-3	1995	Furthermore, nicotine reduced dopamine (DA) content and increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the carotid bodies, further suggesting that DA mediates the acute effect of nicotine on arterial chemoreceptor function.	Nicotine	13-21	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	106-108
7638233-3	1995	Furthermore, nicotine reduced dopamine (DA) content and increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the carotid bodies, further suggesting that DA mediates the acute effect of nicotine on arterial chemoreceptor function.	Nicotine	189-197	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	84-104
7638233-3	1995	Furthermore, nicotine reduced dopamine (DA) content and increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the carotid bodies, further suggesting that DA mediates the acute effect of nicotine on arterial chemoreceptor function.	Nicotine	189-197	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	106-108
7638233-5	1995	Thus, nicotine from smoking may also interfere with the postnatal resetting of the oxygen sensitivity of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors by increasing carotid body TH mRNA, as well as DA release in this period.	Nicotine	6-14	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	171-173
8974638-0	1995	Nicotine administration reduces neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y mRNA concentrations in the rat hypothalamus: NPY may mediate nicotine"s effects on energy balance.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	51-65
8974638-0	1995	Nicotine administration reduces neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y mRNA concentrations in the rat hypothalamus: NPY may mediate nicotine"s effects on energy balance.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
8974638-0	1995	Nicotine administration reduces neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y mRNA concentrations in the rat hypothalamus: NPY may mediate nicotine"s effects on energy balance.	Nicotine	127-135	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
7891117-0	1995	Preproenkephalin mRNA and methionine-enkephalin content are increased in mouse striatum after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	109-117	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	0-16
7891117-1	1995	A single dose of nicotine increased methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) immunoreactivity in the striatum of mice in a time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	17-25	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	63-66
7891117-2	1995	Met-Enk content reached maximum by approximately 1 h after nicotine and returned to control values by 6 h. The response to nicotine was blocked by pretreating animals with the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	59-67	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	4-7
7891117-2	1995	Met-Enk content reached maximum by approximately 1 h after nicotine and returned to control values by 6 h. The response to nicotine was blocked by pretreating animals with the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	123-131	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	4-7
7891117-4	1995	A single dose of nicotine also increased mRNA for the precursor peptide preproenkephalin (PPE).	Nicotine	17-25	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	72-88
7891117-4	1995	A single dose of nicotine also increased mRNA for the precursor peptide preproenkephalin (PPE).	Nicotine	17-25	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	90-93
7891117-5	1995	The increase of PPE mRNA preceded that of Met-Enk and reached a maximum by approximately 30 min after nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	16-19
7891117-6	1995	PPE mRNA levels returned to near normal by approximately 3 h and increased again by 6 h after nicotine.	Nicotine	94-102	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	0-3
7891117-7	1995	Daily administration of nicotine for 14 days increased Met-Enk content and PPE mRNA in the striatum of mice as well.	Nicotine	24-32	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	59-62
7891117-7	1995	Daily administration of nicotine for 14 days increased Met-Enk content and PPE mRNA in the striatum of mice as well.	Nicotine	24-32	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	75-78
8587374-0	1995	Effect of cigarette smoking and nicotine on plasma endothelin-1 levels.	Nicotine	32-40	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	51-63
7792061-4	1995	Both nicotine and cytisine caused a preferential release of vasopressin.	Nicotine	5-13	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	60-71
7697878-8	1994	Also, in cultured chick cells, nicotine inhibits the ability of a potent mitogen (insulin) to induce ODC activity, but, paradoxically, in ovo nicotine exposure increased insulin binding and stimulated insulin receptor autophosphorylation in brain membranes.	Nicotine	31-39	insulin	Gallus gallus	82-89
7697878-8	1994	Also, in cultured chick cells, nicotine inhibits the ability of a potent mitogen (insulin) to induce ODC activity, but, paradoxically, in ovo nicotine exposure increased insulin binding and stimulated insulin receptor autophosphorylation in brain membranes.	Nicotine	142-150	insulin	Gallus gallus	170-177
7972134-8	1994	The present results indicate that nicotine-induced stimulation of alpha-MSH release in frog melanotrophs can be explained by activation of inositolphospholipid breakdown and mobilization of inositol triphosphate-dependent intracellular Ca2+ pools.	Nicotine	34-42	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	66-75
7894225-4	1994	In addition, nicotine induced a marked elevation of the immediate early gene mRNAs c-fos, c-jun, and jun-B.	Nicotine	13-21	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Bos taurus	101-106
7894225-6	1994	c-jun and jun-B were increased three- to fivefold 60 min after nicotine addition.	Nicotine	63-71	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Bos taurus	10-15
8082306-3	1994	The prawn-specific IgE antibody response was significantly associated with atopy (IgE antibody response to common allergens) and with a history of cigarette smoking, confirmed by level of serum cotinine, a major nicotine metabolite.	Nicotine	212-220	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	19-22
7923576-1	1994	The direct effect of nicotine on the expression of receptors for the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and the internalization, intracellular distribution and stability of these growth factors in cervical cancer cell line SiHa was studied.	Nicotine	21-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-96
7923576-1	1994	The direct effect of nicotine on the expression of receptors for the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and the internalization, intracellular distribution and stability of these growth factors in cervical cancer cell line SiHa was studied.	Nicotine	21-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-107
7923576-1	1994	The direct effect of nicotine on the expression of receptors for the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and the internalization, intracellular distribution and stability of these growth factors in cervical cancer cell line SiHa was studied.	Nicotine	21-29	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	113-144
7923576-1	1994	The direct effect of nicotine on the expression of receptors for the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and the internalization, intracellular distribution and stability of these growth factors in cervical cancer cell line SiHa was studied.	Nicotine	21-29	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	146-154
7923576-3	1994	Nicotine at 0.1% stabilized and protected from degradation [125I]TNF alpha and [125I]TGF beta internalized by cervical cancer SiHa cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-74
7923576-3	1994	Nicotine at 0.1% stabilized and protected from degradation [125I]TNF alpha and [125I]TGF beta internalized by cervical cancer SiHa cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	85-93
7923576-6	1994	In the presence of nicotine, both [125I]TNF alpha and [125I]TGF beta were detected in high quantities and in a non-degraded form in the cytoplasm and chromatin during 5 days of incubation.	Nicotine	19-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-49
7923576-6	1994	In the presence of nicotine, both [125I]TNF alpha and [125I]TGF beta were detected in high quantities and in a non-degraded form in the cytoplasm and chromatin during 5 days of incubation.	Nicotine	19-27	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-68
7923576-7	1994	In addition to the lack of growth factor degradation, the presence of nicotine induced a nuclear accumulation of growth factors, with up to 37% of the internalized [125I]TGF beta being in the chromatin.	Nicotine	70-78	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	170-178
7923576-8	1994	An increased intracellular accumulation of [125I]TNF alpha and [125I]TGF beta in cells exposed to nicotine occurred without changes in expression of the cell surface receptors.	Nicotine	98-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-58
7923576-8	1994	An increased intracellular accumulation of [125I]TNF alpha and [125I]TGF beta in cells exposed to nicotine occurred without changes in expression of the cell surface receptors.	Nicotine	98-106	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-77
7862939-2	1994	The purpose of this study was to examine changes in plasma beta-endorphin and mood states during periods of chronic smoking, abstinence from smoking, and abstinence while chewing nicotine gum.	Nicotine	179-187	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	59-73
7509377-8	1994	Secretory activity was elevated by both forms of c-src in response to either nicotine or carbachol (which activate the nicotinic and the nicotinic/muscarinic receptors, respectively).	Nicotine	77-85	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	49-54
7992201-1	1994	In a previous report, we described the ability of two secretogogues, histamine and nicotine, to stimulate additive effects on catecholamine (CA) release and synapsin II phosphorylation in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (BACC) [Firestone and Browning (1992), J.	Nicotine	83-91	synapsin II	Bos taurus	157-168
7972134-2	1994	We have recently observed that, in frog pituitary melanotrophs, nicotine stimulates alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) release through a noncholinergic mechanism.	Nicotine	64-72	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	84-120
7972134-2	1994	We have recently observed that, in frog pituitary melanotrophs, nicotine stimulates alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) release through a noncholinergic mechanism.	Nicotine	64-72	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	122-131
7972134-4	1994	Nicotine was capable of stimulating alpha-MSH release in the absence of Ca2+ and/or Na+ in the extracellular medium.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	36-45
8071871-9	1994	We conclude that nicotine stimulates nicotinic receptors in nerve terminals and liberates NO or NO-like substance(s) and CGRP as neurotransmitters in cat middle cerebral arteries.	Nicotine	17-25	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	121-125
7948840-2	1994	When SOM and the cholinergic agonists muscarine and nicotine (10(-6) M) were tested on the same cell, all three compounds produced hyperpolarizations, suggesting a colocalization of functional cholinergic and SOM receptors on the glial membrane.	Nicotine	52-60	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	209-212
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Nicotine	88-96	glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	133-139
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-192
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
7514649-0	1994	Functional studies with substance P analogues: effects of N-terminal, C-terminal, and C-terminus-extended analogues of substance P on nicotine-induced secretion and desensitization in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	134-142	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	119-130
8075828-4	1994	The ALS/beta 2 and D alpha 2/beta 2 receptors are highly sensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine, and their physiological properties resemble those of native or reconstituted receptors from vertebrates.	Nicotine	88-96	als	Drosophila melanogaster	4-7
8075828-4	1994	The ALS/beta 2 and D alpha 2/beta 2 receptors are highly sensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine, and their physiological properties resemble those of native or reconstituted receptors from vertebrates.	Nicotine	88-96	Proteasome beta2 subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	8-28
8075828-4	1994	The ALS/beta 2 and D alpha 2/beta 2 receptors are highly sensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine, and their physiological properties resemble those of native or reconstituted receptors from vertebrates.	Nicotine	88-96	Proteasome beta2 subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	8-14
8075828-7	1994	These results demonstrate that the Drosophila ALS and D alpha 2 cDNAs encode neuronal nicotinic subunits responding to physiological concentrations of the agonists acetylcholine and nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	als	Drosophila melanogaster	46-63
8139472-1	1994	The effect of short-term nicotine consumption on endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels was studied in 10 male healthy smokers.	Nicotine	25-33	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	49-61
8139472-1	1994	The effect of short-term nicotine consumption on endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels was studied in 10 male healthy smokers.	Nicotine	25-33	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
7913213-0	1994	Nicotine increases diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) mRNA in primary cultured neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein	Homo sapiens	19-45
7913213-0	1994	Nicotine increases diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) mRNA in primary cultured neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein	Homo sapiens	47-50
7913213-1	1994	The effect of nicotine on the expression of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) mRNA in primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons was examined using Northern blot analysis.	Nicotine	14-22	diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein	Homo sapiens	44-70
7913213-1	1994	The effect of nicotine on the expression of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) mRNA in primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons was examined using Northern blot analysis.	Nicotine	14-22	diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein	Homo sapiens	72-75
7913213-2	1994	Nicotine exposure (0.001-10 microM) for 24 h increased the DBI mRNA level in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the beta-actin mRNA level showed no change.	Nicotine	0-8	diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein	Homo sapiens	59-62
7913213-4	1994	Hexamethonium (100 microM) completely abolished the nicotine-induced increase in DBI mRNA expression.	Nicotine	52-60	diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein	Homo sapiens	81-84
7913213-5	1994	These results indicate that nicotine increases the expression of DBI mRNA in cerebral cortical neurons via the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	28-36	diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
8155780-1	1994	A comparative study has been carried out of homologous amino acid sequences of alpha-subunits of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and related proteins classified into three groups: (i) alpha-bungarotoxin-binding alpha-subunits of nicotine AChR from vertebrate muscles and electrical organ of the skate; (ii) alpha-bungarotoxin-binding alpha-subunits of neuronal AChR from chicken and rat brain and (iii) alpha-bungarotoxin-binding alpha-subunit of chicken brain proteins.	Nicotine	228-236	cholinergic receptor nicotinic delta subunit	Gallus gallus	122-126
8275340-4	1994	8-OH-DPAT blockade of this nicotine effect was reversed by spiperone, a 5-HT1A/2 antagonist.	Nicotine	27-35	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	72-78
7910680-0	1994	Nicotine-induced regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in adrenal gland of transgenic mouse carrying human tyrosine hydroxylase gene.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	113-133
8275340-7	1994	The present data suggest an important role of 5-HT1A receptors in the modulation of antinociceptive actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	46-52
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	248-281
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	283-288
7870924-4	1993	Our data indicate that the dopamine receptors D1 and D2 are not involved in all the central effects of nicotine in mice, but seems to be a substrate for locomotor activation induced by nicotine under specific experimental conditions.	Nicotine	185-193	deiodinase, iodothyronine, type I	Mus musculus	46-55
8680438-7	1993	We found that stimulation of chromaffin cells with nicotine and histamine and to a smaller extent with angiotensin II and bradykinin significantly enhanced the rate of SgII synthesis.	Nicotine	51-59	secretogranin II	Bos taurus	168-172
8117429-5	1993	Intraventricular infusion of 6.6 mg NGF over three months resulted in a marked transient increase in uptake and binding of [11C]nicotine in frontal and temporal cortex and a persistent increase in cortical blood flow as measured by PET as well as progressive decreases of slow wave EEG activity.	Nicotine	128-136	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	36-39
7902055-11	1993	Intraventricular infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) to an AD patients for 3 months resulted in an transient increase in uptake and binding of (S)(-)-11C-nicotine in the temporal and frontal cortex and a persistent increase in cortical blood flow.	Nicotine	156-164	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	29-48
7902055-11	1993	Intraventricular infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) to an AD patients for 3 months resulted in an transient increase in uptake and binding of (S)(-)-11C-nicotine in the temporal and frontal cortex and a persistent increase in cortical blood flow.	Nicotine	156-164	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	50-53
7679724-0	1993	An amyloid peptide, beta A4 25-35, mimics the function of substance P on modulation of nicotine-evoked secretion and desensitization in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	87-95	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	58-69
8510190-9	1993	The duration of nAChR desensitization may also be useful in explaining individual variability to nicotine"s behavioral effects and may be related to the induction of acute and/or chronic tolerance in both animals and man.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
8360687-6	1993	Cytochalasin-induced nAChR up-regulation is similar in magnitude to, but not additive with, up-regulation of nAChR following chronic exposure to nicotine or phorbol ester.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
8369734-5	1993	The cultured chromaffin cells secreted NPY and CAs in response to stimulation by nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
8369734-6	1993	The nicotine stimulated secretion of CA was enhanced by the presence of IgG fraction, prepared from NPY antiserum, in the secretion medium.	Nicotine	4-12	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
8510522-0	1993	Gamma-aminobutyric acid mediation of the inhibitory effect of endogenous opioids on the arginine vasopressin and oxytocin responses to nicotine from cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	135-143	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	97-108
8510522-1	1993	Previous studies have demonstrated that naloxone exerts positive effects on the responsiveness of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) to nicotine, suggesting inhibitory actions of endogenous opioids.	Nicotine	146-154	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	107-118
8510522-1	1993	Previous studies have demonstrated that naloxone exerts positive effects on the responsiveness of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) to nicotine, suggesting inhibitory actions of endogenous opioids.	Nicotine	146-154	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	120-123
8510522-5	1993	In the presence of naloxone, plasma AVP and OT levels in response to nicotine were significantly higher than those in the control test.	Nicotine	69-77	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	36-39
8510522-6	1993	In the naloxone plus nicotine test, AVP levels increased 4.2-fold (peak v baseline) and OT concentrations increased 1.6-fold (peak v baseline).	Nicotine	21-29	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	36-39
8510522-10	1993	These data indicate a GABAergic mediation of the inhibitory modulation by endogenous opioids of the AVP and OT responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	124-132	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	100-103
8390182-0	1993	Nicotine-induced stimulation of alpha-MSH release in frog pituitary melanotrophs is mediated through a novel type of receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	32-41
8386611-1	1993	The rapid secretion of ACTH in response to nicotine is mediated by a central mechanism involving brainstem catecholaminergic regions.	Nicotine	43-51	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	23-27
8386611-3	1993	Nicotine (0.05 mg/kg) stimulated cFos expression in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pcPVN; containing CRH-positive neurons mediating ACTH secretion); this correlated with the expression of cFos in the A2 (norepinephrinergic) and C2 (epinephrinergic) regions of the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius, which project directly to the pcPVN.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	144-148
8386611-9	1993	Thus, nicotine is a potent and selective stimulus for neuronal activation in brainstem catecholaminergic regions and their projection fields in the pcPVN and SON, which regulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and vasopressin/oxytocin secretion, respectively.	Nicotine	6-14	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	221-232
8482322-0	1993	Nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine have different effects on aldosterone and prolactin serum levels in the normal male rat.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
8482322-8	1993	Nicotine dose-dependently increased serum prolactin levels at 5 and 10 min following treatment, an effect which had diminished at 30 min.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
1504751-22	1992	We conclude that NSTX acts centrally on nicotinic cholinoceptors to block the release of vasopressin and oxytocin by nicotine and the release of vasopressin, but not that of oxytocin, by hypotension.	Nicotine	117-125	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	89-100
8482322-10	1993	In conclusion, acute nicotine and cotinine treatment produced opposite effects on aldosterone and prolactin serum levels.	Nicotine	21-29	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	98-107
1450287-5	1992	Nicotine-containing gum increased P50 sensory gating to near normal levels within 30 min of administration.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
1409734-6	1992	Microinjection of nicotine into the supraoptic nucleus at doses of 1 and 10 micrograms resulted in transient increases in the plasma vasopressin concentration that were 7-fold and 11-fold greater, respectively, than control values at 3 min.	Nicotine	18-26	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	133-144
2169395-1	1990	Previous studies determined that iv nicotine stimulates ACTH secretion by acting on sites accessible from the fourth ventricle (IV), rather than directly on CRF-containing neurons in the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	36-44	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	56-60
1325853-0	1992	The role of vasopressin in the nicotine-induced stimulation of ACTH and cortisol in men.	Nicotine	31-39	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	12-23
1325853-0	1992	The role of vasopressin in the nicotine-induced stimulation of ACTH and cortisol in men.	Nicotine	31-39	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	63-67
1325853-14	1992	Nicotine infusion led to greater increments of AVP, ACTH and cortisol than smoking without causing nausea.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	47-50
1325853-14	1992	Nicotine infusion led to greater increments of AVP, ACTH and cortisol than smoking without causing nausea.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	52-56
1325853-17	1992	However, it slightly attenuated the effect of nicotine on ACTH and cortisol (P less than 0.05, ANOVA).	Nicotine	46-54	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	58-62
1347640-1	1992	The possibility that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) may facilitate the nicotine-mediated induction of adrenal medullary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was investigated with primary cultures (5-7 days in vitro) of bovine adrenal chromaffin (BAC) cells.	Nicotine	80-88	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	21-54
1347640-1	1992	The possibility that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) may facilitate the nicotine-mediated induction of adrenal medullary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was investigated with primary cultures (5-7 days in vitro) of bovine adrenal chromaffin (BAC) cells.	Nicotine	80-88	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	56-59
1347640-6	1992	The marginal effects of large doses of nicotine on both cAMP accumulation and TH induction were blocked completely by hexamethonium but were also partially inhibited by the VIP antagonist [p-chloro-D-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP.	Nicotine	39-47	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	173-176
1347640-6	1992	The marginal effects of large doses of nicotine on both cAMP accumulation and TH induction were blocked completely by hexamethonium but were also partially inhibited by the VIP antagonist [p-chloro-D-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP.	Nicotine	39-47	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	212-215
1347640-7	1992	Nicotine may, therefore, stimulate the release of VIP from cultured BAC cells and VIP, in turn, by increasing cAMP, may synergize with nicotine to enhance TH gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	50-53
1347640-7	1992	Nicotine may, therefore, stimulate the release of VIP from cultured BAC cells and VIP, in turn, by increasing cAMP, may synergize with nicotine to enhance TH gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	82-85
1729391-3	1992	We have previously shown that nicotine stimulates incorporation of 32Pi into the vesicle-associated phosphoprotein synapsin II.	Nicotine	30-38	synapsin II	Bos taurus	115-126
1729391-6	1992	Interestingly, histamine and nicotine produced an additive increase in both catecholamine release and synapsin II phosphorylation, suggesting that these two secretogogues stimulate the phenomena via independent mechanisms.	Nicotine	29-37	synapsin II	Bos taurus	102-113
1641133-7	1992	Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 alpha mRNA levels in the adrenal gland are affected by systemic administration of the cholinergic agonists nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.)	Nicotine	145-153	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
1641133-7	1992	Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 alpha mRNA levels in the adrenal gland are affected by systemic administration of the cholinergic agonists nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.)	Nicotine	145-153	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	24-43
1641133-10	1992	In contrast to the increased mRNA levels, nicotine and carbachol reduce the interleukin-1 alpha protein level measured in the rat adrenal gland: nicotine by approximately 30%, 60 min after injection, and carbachol by approximately 55%, 30 min after injection.	Nicotine	42-50	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	76-95
1641133-10	1992	In contrast to the increased mRNA levels, nicotine and carbachol reduce the interleukin-1 alpha protein level measured in the rat adrenal gland: nicotine by approximately 30%, 60 min after injection, and carbachol by approximately 55%, 30 min after injection.	Nicotine	145-153	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	76-95
1641133-11	1992	The interleukin-1 alpha protein level returns to control level 90 min after nicotine injection, and 120 min after carbachol injection.	Nicotine	76-84	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-23
1705971-5	1991	The alpha 2 beta 2 combination was 5-fold more sensitive to nicotine than to acetylcholine, while the alpha 3 beta 2 combination was 17-fold less sensitive to nicotine than to ACh, and the alpha 3 beta 4 combination was equally sensitive to both nicotine and ACh.	Nicotine	159-167	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	102-109
1705971-5	1991	The alpha 2 beta 2 combination was 5-fold more sensitive to nicotine than to acetylcholine, while the alpha 3 beta 2 combination was 17-fold less sensitive to nicotine than to ACh, and the alpha 3 beta 4 combination was equally sensitive to both nicotine and ACh.	Nicotine	159-167	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	102-109
19215455-5	1991	Treatment with the high dose of chronic nicotine alone decreased vasopressin content in and release from the neural lobe and its plasma concentration, but it did not change significantly the vasopressin content in the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	40-48	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	65-76
19215455-6	1991	A similar pattern of changes in vasopressin release and plasma concentration, though less pronounced, was observed in the rats infused with the low dose of nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	32-43
19215455-7	1991	The withdrawal of the high dose of chronic nicotine gradually returned the decreased plasma vasopressin concentration, and its content in and release from the neural lobe to control values within 2 weeks.	Nicotine	43-51	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	92-103
19215455-8	1991	However, vasopressin content in the hypothalamus started to decline 1 week after nicotine withdrawal and persisted to decline for at least 3 subsequent weeks.	Nicotine	81-89	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	9-20
19215455-10	1991	The withdrawal of the low dose of nicotine exhibited a significant decline in plasma vasopressin concentration for up to 2 weeks only following chronic nicotine withdrawal, tending to return subsequently to control levels.	Nicotine	34-42	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	85-96
19215455-10	1991	The withdrawal of the low dose of nicotine exhibited a significant decline in plasma vasopressin concentration for up to 2 weeks only following chronic nicotine withdrawal, tending to return subsequently to control levels.	Nicotine	152-160	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	85-96
1632621-0	1992	Vasopressin system is impaired in rat offspring prenatally exposed to chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	78-86	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
1637084-3	1992	High capsaicin concentration and nicotine evoke CGRP release via other mechanisms.	Nicotine	33-41	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	48-52
1350068-5	1992	In the saline-treated animals, administration of nicotine, morphine, 8-OH-DPAT and haloperidol resulted in significant increases in plasma prolactin levels.	Nicotine	49-57	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	139-148
1350068-6	1992	Mecamylamine pretreatment prevented the prolactin response to nicotine only.	Nicotine	62-70	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	40-49
1350068-7	1992	Naltrexone blocked the stimulation of prolactin release by morphine and by nicotine.	Nicotine	75-83	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
1350068-11	1992	These data indicate that nicotine, morphine and 8-OH-DPAT act to release prolactin via a common synaptic pathway expressing nicotinic cholinergic, opiate, and 5-HT1A receptors at synapses arranged serially in that functional order.	Nicotine	25-33	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
1532909-8	1992	We now show that MST2 also recognizes (-) nicotine, an agonist of AcChoR.	Nicotine	42-50	serine/threonine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	17-21
1712037-6	1991	Epicardial application of either capsaicin (0.1-10 micrograms) or bradykinin (0.1-1 micrograms), consistently resulted in dose-related increases in blood pressure and heart rate, whereas reflex bradycardia and hypotensive effects were initiated by the application of nicotine (30-50 micrograms).	Nicotine	267-275	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	66-76
1891072-5	1991	Subacute nicotine decreased splenic concentrations of native and cryptic Met-enkephalin and native Leu-enkephalin, consistent with increased release of Met- and Leu-enkephalin from spleen and decreased synthesis of proenkephalin A or inadequate processing of larger peptides to enkephalin pentapeptides in spleen to compensate for the increased release during this period.	Nicotine	9-17	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	73-87
1891072-6	1991	HPLC characterization revealed that nicotine-induced decrease in native Met-enkephalin in spleen resulted from reductions in both pentapeptide and its sulfoxide.	Nicotine	36-44	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	72-86
1891072-7	1991	Nicotine also increased native Met-enkephalin in jejunum, decreased cryptic Met-enkephalin in heart atrium, increased native Leu-enkephalin in anterior pituitary and decreased cryptic Leu-enkephalin in jejunum.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	31-45
1891072-7	1991	Nicotine also increased native Met-enkephalin in jejunum, decreased cryptic Met-enkephalin in heart atrium, increased native Leu-enkephalin in anterior pituitary and decreased cryptic Leu-enkephalin in jejunum.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	76-90
2002334-2	1991	Chronic (3-72-h) agonist (nicotine or carbamylcholine) treatment of cells led to a complete (TE671) or nearly complete (PC12) loss of functional nAChR responses, which is referred to as "functional inactivation."	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
2002334-8	1991	Recovery of TE671 cell nAChR function following treatment with carbamylcholine, nicotine, or d-TC occurred with half-times of 1-3 days whether cells were maintained in situ or harvested and replated after removal of ligand.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
2169395-12	1990	Thus, both alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors are involved in mediating the ACTH response to nicotine.	Nicotine	88-96	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	71-75
2169395-3	1990	Therefore, these studies investigated the role of catecholamines in nicotine-stimulated ACTH secretion.	Nicotine	68-76	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	88-92
2169395-4	1990	Experiments with the catecholaminergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, demonstrate that the ACTH response to nicotine delivered iv (0.03 or 0.05 mg/kg body wt) or instilled into the IV (1 or 2.5 micrograms) was significantly reduced in lesioned animals (P less than 0.01).	Nicotine	108-116	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	91-95
2169395-5	1990	Selective inhibitors of epinephrine synthesis, SKF 64139 and 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine (DCMB), significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) the ACTH response to 0.05 mg/kg body wt nicotine iv, without affecting median eminence CRF content.	Nicotine	187-195	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	151-155
2169395-7	1990	To determine whether alpha 2 receptors are indeed involved in the ACTH response to nicotine, yohimbine, an alpha 2 antagonist, was injected into the third ventricle before nicotine injection into the IV.	Nicotine	83-91	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	66-70
2398362-4	1990	Chronic atropine (20 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d., 10 days) and nicotine (0.59 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d., 10 days) treatment significantly decreased the VIP content of the frontal cortex, by 42% and 26%, respectively.	Nicotine	55-63	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
2398362-7	1990	Therefore, long-term treatment with atropine and nicotine results in changes in the synthesis and release of VIP in the cerebral cortex, whereas in the hippocampus the effect is limited to an alteration of VIP release.	Nicotine	49-57	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
2398362-7	1990	Therefore, long-term treatment with atropine and nicotine results in changes in the synthesis and release of VIP in the cerebral cortex, whereas in the hippocampus the effect is limited to an alteration of VIP release.	Nicotine	49-57	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
2209600-8	1990	We have also shown that when the chick nAChR alpha-subunit is expressed in the absence of other receptor subunits, unexpectedly high concentrations of nicotine (10 mM) were required to displace bound alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	151-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2209600-8	1990	We have also shown that when the chick nAChR alpha-subunit is expressed in the absence of other receptor subunits, unexpectedly high concentrations of nicotine (10 mM) were required to displace bound alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	151-159	ovomucin, alpha subunit	Gallus gallus	45-58
2377076-0	1990	Effect of obesity and weight loss on arginine vasopressin response to metoclopramide and nicotine from cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	89-97	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	46-57
2377076-3	1990	The AVP response of 10 obese men to metoclopramide (MCP) or nicotine inhaled with cigarette smoking was compared with that obtained in eight sex- and age-matched controls.	Nicotine	60-68	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	4-7
2377076-4	1990	The AVP increase during nicotine and MCP tests were significantly lower in the obese patients than in the normal controls.	Nicotine	24-32	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	4-7
2377076-6	1990	The AVP response to nicotine and MCP administration was significantly higher than before slimming and did not differ from that observed in the normal weight subjects.	Nicotine	20-28	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	4-7
2377076-7	1990	These results demonstrate obesity-related alterations in the AVP responsiveness to nicotine inhaled with cigarette smoking and MCP, supporting the hypothesis for a hypothalamic-posterior pituitary disorder in obesity.	Nicotine	83-91	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	61-64
2302249-3	1990	Reconstitution of the rabbit nasal microsomal system with cytochromes P-450 NMa and NMb indicated that only P-450 NMa has significant activity toward nicotine, and the metabolite profile and turnover are similar to that observed with nasal microsomes.	Nicotine	150-158	neuromedin-B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	84-87
34946630-2	2021	Due to its well-known toxicity for humans, there is considerable interest in the development of synthetic analogues; in particular, conformationally restricted analogues of nicotine have emerged as promising drug molecules for selective nAChR-targeting ligands.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	237-242
2271146-2	1990	New data on the analysis of nicotine, fluoride ion, and some organophosphorus compounds are reported using the present AChE sensor based on the inhibition of the immobilized acetylcholine esterase.	Nicotine	28-36	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	119-123
2271146-3	1990	Reactivation of immobilized AChE after inhibition with reversible inhibitor, i.e. nicotine and fluoride ion is carried out using a mixture of working buffer and acetylcholine, whereas reactivation after inhibition with irreversible inhibitor, i.e. organophosphorus compounds is carried out using a mixture of acetylcholine and pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (PAM).	Nicotine	82-90	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-32
1966302-2	1990	Measurement of plasma ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin showed that nicotine produced in both groups a dose-dependent increase in cortisol, with ACTH in both groups and prolactin in the Alzheimer"s group significantly elevated only by the 0.5 micrograms dose.	Nicotine	64-72	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	22-26
1966302-2	1990	Measurement of plasma ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin showed that nicotine produced in both groups a dose-dependent increase in cortisol, with ACTH in both groups and prolactin in the Alzheimer"s group significantly elevated only by the 0.5 micrograms dose.	Nicotine	64-72	prolactin	Homo sapiens	42-51
1966302-2	1990	Measurement of plasma ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin showed that nicotine produced in both groups a dose-dependent increase in cortisol, with ACTH in both groups and prolactin in the Alzheimer"s group significantly elevated only by the 0.5 micrograms dose.	Nicotine	64-72	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	141-145
1966302-2	1990	Measurement of plasma ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin showed that nicotine produced in both groups a dose-dependent increase in cortisol, with ACTH in both groups and prolactin in the Alzheimer"s group significantly elevated only by the 0.5 micrograms dose.	Nicotine	64-72	prolactin	Homo sapiens	165-174
32795172-3	2020	Perinatal nicotine exposure resulted in increased collagen type I (COL1A1) and III (COL3A1) deposition along with a decrease in miR-29 family and an increase in long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) levels in offspring heart.	Nicotine	10-18	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	105-113	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	68-74
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	170-178	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	68-74
22792087-4	2012	A wide variety of molecular insults disrupt such highly evolved physiologic cell-cell interactions, ranging from overdistention to oxidants, infection, and nicotine, all of which predictably cause loss of mesenchymal peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) expression and the transdifferentiation of lipofibroblasts to myofibroblasts, the signature cell type for lung fibrosis.	Nicotine	156-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	217-265
22792087-4	2012	A wide variety of molecular insults disrupt such highly evolved physiologic cell-cell interactions, ranging from overdistention to oxidants, infection, and nicotine, all of which predictably cause loss of mesenchymal peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) expression and the transdifferentiation of lipofibroblasts to myofibroblasts, the signature cell type for lung fibrosis.	Nicotine	156-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	267-276
9362238-3	1997	We demonstrated that both K+ and nicotine stimulated concomitant release of NPY and dopamine from differentiated PC-12 cells.	Nicotine	33-41	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
1907749-5	1991	A single injection of oxotremorine or nicotine raised only the levels of CGRP and NPY and of the NPY mRNA whereas those of the chromogranins and their respective mRNAs remained unaltered.	Nicotine	38-46	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
1907749-5	1991	A single injection of oxotremorine or nicotine raised only the levels of CGRP and NPY and of the NPY mRNA whereas those of the chromogranins and their respective mRNAs remained unaltered.	Nicotine	38-46	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
34782407-0	2022	Evidence for alpha7 nicotinic receptor activation during the cough suppressing effects induced by nicotine and identification of ATA-101 as a potential novel therapy for the treatment of chronic cough.	Nicotine	98-106	CHRNA7 (exons 5-10) and FAM7A (exons A-E) fusion	Homo sapiens	13-38
34782407-10	2022	Significance Statement This study documents the antitussive actions of nicotine and identifies the alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtype as the target for nicotine during cough suppression described in humans.	Nicotine	151-159	CHRNA7 (exons 5-10) and FAM7A (exons A-E) fusion	Homo sapiens	99-124
2299587-0	1990	Acute effects of nicotine on prolactin release in the rat: agonist and antagonist effects of a single injection of nicotine.	Nicotine	17-25	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	29-38
2299587-3	1990	Intravenous administration of nicotine bitartrate dihydrate increases plasma prolactin concentrations in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of approximately 100 micrograms/kg (200 nmol/kg) and this effect is blocked completely by pretreatment with mecamylamine, indicating that it is mediated by a nicotinic cholinergic receptor.	Nicotine	30-59	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	77-86
2299587-4	1990	Intracerebral ventricular injection of 1 microgram of nicotine also increases plasma prolactin levels, but i.v.	Nicotine	54-62	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
2299587-5	1990	injection of this same amount of nicotine has no effect, indicating that nicotine acts within the brain to release prolactin.	Nicotine	33-41	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	115-124
2299587-5	1990	injection of this same amount of nicotine has no effect, indicating that nicotine acts within the brain to release prolactin.	Nicotine	73-81	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	115-124
2299587-7	1990	injection of nicotine resulted in desensitization of the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine given 1 to 2 hr later, thus confirming a previous report by Sharp and Beyer (J. Pharmacol.	Nicotine	13-21	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
2299587-7	1990	injection of nicotine resulted in desensitization of the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine given 1 to 2 hr later, thus confirming a previous report by Sharp and Beyer (J. Pharmacol.	Nicotine	105-113	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
2299587-11	1990	The prolactin response to nicotine was restored within 24 hr after a single injection.	Nicotine	26-34	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	4-13
2299587-12	1990	The acute desensitization after a single injection of nicotine appears to be specific to release of prolactin by nicotine because the prolactin response to morphine was unaffected 1 hr after injection of nicotine.	Nicotine	54-62	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	100-109
2299587-12	1990	The acute desensitization after a single injection of nicotine appears to be specific to release of prolactin by nicotine because the prolactin response to morphine was unaffected 1 hr after injection of nicotine.	Nicotine	54-62	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	134-143
2299587-12	1990	The acute desensitization after a single injection of nicotine appears to be specific to release of prolactin by nicotine because the prolactin response to morphine was unaffected 1 hr after injection of nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	100-109
2299587-12	1990	The acute desensitization after a single injection of nicotine appears to be specific to release of prolactin by nicotine because the prolactin response to morphine was unaffected 1 hr after injection of nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	100-109
2299587-13	1990	A single injection of nicotine appears to desensitize the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine with an ED50 of approximately 20 micrograms/kg (40 nmol/kg), indicating that nicotine is even more potent in stimulating desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic receptors than in stimulating prolactin release.	Nicotine	22-30	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
2299587-13	1990	A single injection of nicotine appears to desensitize the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine with an ED50 of approximately 20 micrograms/kg (40 nmol/kg), indicating that nicotine is even more potent in stimulating desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic receptors than in stimulating prolactin release.	Nicotine	22-30	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	307-316
2299587-13	1990	A single injection of nicotine appears to desensitize the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine with an ED50 of approximately 20 micrograms/kg (40 nmol/kg), indicating that nicotine is even more potent in stimulating desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic receptors than in stimulating prolactin release.	Nicotine	106-114	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
2299587-13	1990	A single injection of nicotine appears to desensitize the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine with an ED50 of approximately 20 micrograms/kg (40 nmol/kg), indicating that nicotine is even more potent in stimulating desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic receptors than in stimulating prolactin release.	Nicotine	106-114	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	307-316
2299587-13	1990	A single injection of nicotine appears to desensitize the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine with an ED50 of approximately 20 micrograms/kg (40 nmol/kg), indicating that nicotine is even more potent in stimulating desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic receptors than in stimulating prolactin release.	Nicotine	106-114	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
2299587-13	1990	A single injection of nicotine appears to desensitize the prolactin response to a subsequent injection of nicotine with an ED50 of approximately 20 micrograms/kg (40 nmol/kg), indicating that nicotine is even more potent in stimulating desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic receptors than in stimulating prolactin release.	Nicotine	106-114	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	307-316
2299591-0	1990	Effects of chronic administration of nicotine on prolactin release in the rat: inactivation of prolactin response by repeated injections of nicotine.	Nicotine	37-45	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
2299591-0	1990	Effects of chronic administration of nicotine on prolactin release in the rat: inactivation of prolactin response by repeated injections of nicotine.	Nicotine	37-45	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	95-104
2299591-0	1990	Effects of chronic administration of nicotine on prolactin release in the rat: inactivation of prolactin response by repeated injections of nicotine.	Nicotine	140-148	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	95-104
2299591-1	1990	The effects of chronic injections of nicotine on nicotine-induced prolactin release in the rat were measured and compared to the effects of this treatment on [3H]acetylcholine binding to nicotinic cholinergic sites in the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	49-57	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	66-75
2299591-2	1990	Treatment with nicotine for 10 days (s.c. injections twice daily) abolished prolactin release in response to an acute i.v.	Nicotine	15-23	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	76-85
2299591-5	1990	By 14 days after the last chronic injection of nicotine, the prolactin response to an acute injection of nicotine was restored.	Nicotine	47-55	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
2299591-5	1990	By 14 days after the last chronic injection of nicotine, the prolactin response to an acute injection of nicotine was restored.	Nicotine	105-113	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
2299591-6	1990	Coinciding with the return of the nicotine-induced prolactin response, the binding of [3H]acetylcholine had returned to control values.	Nicotine	34-42	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
2290712-4	1990	We observed that incubating the cells with nicotine resulted in a dose-dependent increase of the basal level of PGI2; however, at high doses, nicotine, tended to decrease the capacity of production obtained by thrombin stimulation.	Nicotine	43-51	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	210-218
2290712-4	1990	We observed that incubating the cells with nicotine resulted in a dose-dependent increase of the basal level of PGI2; however, at high doses, nicotine, tended to decrease the capacity of production obtained by thrombin stimulation.	Nicotine	142-150	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	210-218
33818369-7	2022	Nicotine-exposed males only showed lower IRS1 in VAT, while the females had hyperglycemia, higher pAKT in VAT, while lower IRbeta, IRS1, and GLUT4 in SAT.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
33818369-7	2022	Nicotine-exposed males only showed lower IRS1 in VAT, while the females had hyperglycemia, higher pAKT in VAT, while lower IRbeta, IRS1, and GLUT4 in SAT.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
33801584-7	2021	In Mexican-Mestizo smokers, there are SNPs in genes that encode proteins responsible for the metabolism of nicotine associated with a lower risk of COPD; individuals with a high Caucasian component harboring a haplotype in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3 loci have a higher risk of suffering from COPD.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	227-233
33772971-0	2021	Comparing the Rate of Nicotine Metabolism Among Smokers With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder.	Nicotine	22-30	EH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
33804804-4	2021	This article reviews the molecular mechanisms and crucial roles of CaMKII and ERK in nicotine and other stimulant drug-induced addiction.	Nicotine	85-93	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	78-81
33033284-4	2020	In the second study, levels of bone formation markers such as osteocalcin and uncarboxylated osteocalcin significantly increased after successful smoking cessation, as verified by significantly reduced levels of serum cotinine, a nicotine metabolite.	Nicotine	230-238	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	62-73
34890707-0	2022	Nicotine stimulates IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK/AP-1 axis in human gastric cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	20-24
34890707-0	2022	Nicotine stimulates IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK/AP-1 axis in human gastric cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	44-53
34890707-3	2022	The role of nicotine in IL-8 expression and the underlying mechanism is currently unknown.	Nicotine	12-20	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	24-28
34890707-4	2022	Here, we examined the effects of nicotine on IL-8 expression and explored the potential mechanisms in gastric cancer cells.	Nicotine	33-41	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	45-49
34890707-5	2022	We found that nicotine increases IL-8 expression.	Nicotine	14-22	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	33-37
34890707-9	2022	AGS gastric cancer cells pretreated with nicotine stimulate angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, partially abrogated by silencing IL-8 in AGS cells.	Nicotine	41-49	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	137-141
34890707-10	2022	In this study, we found that nicotine induces IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK (Erk1/2, p38)/AP-1 axis in gastric cancer cells, thus stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.	Nicotine	29-37	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	46-50
34890707-10	2022	In this study, we found that nicotine induces IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK (Erk1/2, p38)/AP-1 axis in gastric cancer cells, thus stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.	Nicotine	29-37	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	70-79
34890707-10	2022	In this study, we found that nicotine induces IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK (Erk1/2, p38)/AP-1 axis in gastric cancer cells, thus stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.	Nicotine	29-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	94-100
34890707-10	2022	In this study, we found that nicotine induces IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK (Erk1/2, p38)/AP-1 axis in gastric cancer cells, thus stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.	Nicotine	29-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	102-105
34431048-15	2022	Propolis extract could have a protective potential against nicotine-induced pulmonary and hepatic damage via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.	Nicotine	59-67	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
34963197-0	2022	Administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ventral tegmental area produces a switch from a nicotine nondependent D1R-mediated motivational state to a nicotine dependent-like D2R-mediated motivational state.	Nicotine	166-174	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	190-193
34939632-0	2022	Gas phase protonated nicotine is a mixture of pyridine- and pyrrolidine-protonated conformers: implications for its native structure in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-172
34939632-8	2022	One of the gas phase nicotine pyrrolidine protomers has the closest conformational resemblance among all low-lying energy isomers with the X-ray structure of nicotine in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
34939632-8	2022	One of the gas phase nicotine pyrrolidine protomers has the closest conformational resemblance among all low-lying energy isomers with the X-ray structure of nicotine in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-206
34939632-8	2022	One of the gas phase nicotine pyrrolidine protomers has the closest conformational resemblance among all low-lying energy isomers with the X-ray structure of nicotine in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
34939238-3	2022	Thus, the objective of our study was to explore the role of TRPV1 receptors (TRPV1Rs) on nicotine-induced behaviors and associated response of DA neuron activity.	Nicotine	89-97	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	60-65
34939238-7	2022	Our results showed that the genetic deletion of TRPV1Rs reduced nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	64-72	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	48-53
34939238-10	2022	In conclusion, TRPV1Rs modulate nicotine-induced psychomotor sensitization in mice independently of a control on VTA DA neuron activity.	Nicotine	32-40	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	15-20
34507631-6	2021	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity was reduced by nicotine- and tar-free CSE of IQOS and hi-lite (IQOS < hi-lite), but not Ploom S and glo.	Nicotine	58-66	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	0-33
34803779-1	2021	The gene CHRNA5 is strongly associated with the level of nicotine consumption in humans and manipulation of the expression or function of Chrna5 similarly alters nicotine consumption in rodents.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-15
34803779-1	2021	The gene CHRNA5 is strongly associated with the level of nicotine consumption in humans and manipulation of the expression or function of Chrna5 similarly alters nicotine consumption in rodents.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-15
34803779-1	2021	The gene CHRNA5 is strongly associated with the level of nicotine consumption in humans and manipulation of the expression or function of Chrna5 similarly alters nicotine consumption in rodents.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-144
34803779-2	2021	In both humans and rodents, reduced or complete loss of function of Chrna5 leads to increased nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-74
34803779-3	2021	However, the mechanism through which decreased function of Chrna5 increases nicotine intake is not well-understood.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-65
34732192-0	2021	Nicotine regulates autophagy of human periodontal ligament cells through alpha7 nAchR that promotes secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1beta and IL-8.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	147-151
34732192-3	2021	To investigated the mechanism through which nicotine regulates autophagy of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) through the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) and how autophagy further regulates the release of IL-1beta and IL-8 secretion in hPDLCs.	Nicotine	44-52	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	249-253
34732192-7	2021	RT-qPCR and ELISA results revealed a noticeable rise in the release of inflammatory factors IL-1beta and IL-8 from hPDLCs in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	137-145	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	105-109
34732192-8	2021	RT-qPCR and ELISA results showed that nicotine can significantly up-regulate the release of inflammatory factors IL-1beta and IL-8 in hPDLCs, and this effect can be inhibited by 3-MA (p < 0.05).	Nicotine	38-46	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	126-130
34159514-2	2021	Genetic variants such as the CHRNA5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968, which leads to an aspartic acid to asparagine substitution at amino acid position 398 (D398N) in the alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, can also confer risk for nicotine dependence and neurodevelopmental disorders in the absence of DNE.	Nicotine	261-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-35
34612013-13	2021	In addition, effective compounds that target CYP2E1, including 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, styrene, toluene, nicotine, m-xylene, p-xylene, and colchicine, were identified.	Nicotine	109-117	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
34737091-3	2021	Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist medications effectively decrease noradrenergic activity and have demonstrated benefit in preventing relapse to substance use and decreasing stress-reactivity and craving in cocaine- and nicotine-dependent women, compared to men.	Nicotine	213-221	glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-7
34601327-0	2021	In-vitro immunomodulatory effects of nicotine on Nitric Oxide, interleukin 1beta and interleukin 37 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with Behcet disease.	Nicotine	37-45	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	63-80
34601327-2	2021	In our current study we sought to evaluate the in-vitro modulatory effect of nicotine, the principal alkaloid of tobacco, on nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 37 (IL-37) production during Behcet"s disease.	Nicotine	77-85	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	144-161
34853315-0	2021	Nicotine-mediated OTUD3 downregulation inhibits VEGF-C mRNA decay to promote lymphatic metastasis of human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	48-54
34853315-5	2021	Downregulation of OTUD3 and ZFP36 is essential for nicotine-induced VEGF-C production and lymphatic metastasis in esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	51-59	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	68-74
34853315-6	2021	This study establishes that the OTUD3/ZFP36/VEGF-C axis plays a vital role in nicotine addiction-induced lymphatic metastasis, suggesting that OTUD3 may serve as a prognostic marker, and induction of the VEGF-C mRNA decay might be a potential therapeutic strategy against human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	78-86	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	44-50
34853315-6	2021	This study establishes that the OTUD3/ZFP36/VEGF-C axis plays a vital role in nicotine addiction-induced lymphatic metastasis, suggesting that OTUD3 may serve as a prognostic marker, and induction of the VEGF-C mRNA decay might be a potential therapeutic strategy against human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	78-86	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	204-210
34425507-0	2021	Chronic oral nicotine administration and withdrawal regulate the expression of neuropeptide Y and its receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	13-21	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	79-93
34425507-3	2021	This study examined the changes in the transcript levels of NPY, Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system during chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal.	Nicotine	137-145	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	60-67
34425507-10	2021	qRT-PCR analysis revealed that chronic nicotine treatment increased NPY mRNA levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	39-47	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
34425507-12	2021	These findings suggest that nicotine withdrawal enhances NPY signaling in the mesocorticolimbic system, which could be an important mechanism involved in regulating the negative affective state triggered during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	28-36	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
34425507-12	2021	These findings suggest that nicotine withdrawal enhances NPY signaling in the mesocorticolimbic system, which could be an important mechanism involved in regulating the negative affective state triggered during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	211-219	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
34491405-0	2021	Nicotine preference and affective behavior of Cd81 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	CD81 antigen	Mus musculus	46-50
34491405-4	2021	RESULTS: We found that Cd81 loss-of-function significantly increased voluntary nicotine consumption and somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	79-87	CD81 antigen	Mus musculus	23-27
34491405-4	2021	RESULTS: We found that Cd81 loss-of-function significantly increased voluntary nicotine consumption and somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	121-129	CD81 antigen	Mus musculus	23-27
34491405-5	2021	Nicotine consumption of Cd81 -/- female mice increased for 3 weeks and then remained relatively stable for the next 5 weeks, suggesting that their nicotine consumption continued to be limited by aversion to higher nicotine doses.	Nicotine	0-8	CD81 antigen	Mus musculus	24-28
34491405-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Cd81 knockouts have a strongly increased nicotine preference, plus a proactive response to specific stressful situations.	Nicotine	54-62	CD81 antigen	Mus musculus	13-17
34618202-3	2021	OBJECTIVE: The present study tested whether the prototypical nAChR agonist nicotine enhances the ability of humans and rodents to maintain a broad attentional window.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
34508846-11	2021	In parallel, we observed increased peripheral levels of IL-6 and IL-10 alongside increased hippocampal levels of NGF but decreased GDNF in mice treated with nicotine compared to controls.	Nicotine	157-165	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	56-60
34508846-11	2021	In parallel, we observed increased peripheral levels of IL-6 and IL-10 alongside increased hippocampal levels of NGF but decreased GDNF in mice treated with nicotine compared to controls.	Nicotine	157-165	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	65-70
34508846-12	2021	In the striatum, nicotine promoted decrease of IL-1ss, IL-10 and GDNF levels, while the levels of all the mediators were similar between groups in the pre-frontal cortex.	Nicotine	17-25	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	55-60
34648060-8	2021	The PI3K-Akt signaling was involved in nicotine-CPP via GPR55 activation.	Nicotine	39-47	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	9-12
34696824-7	2021	Ex vivo recordings from hippocampal slices provide insight into the underlying mechanism, as activation of nAChRs by nicotine increases the excitatory drive to CA2 principal cells via disinhibition.	Nicotine	117-125	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	160-163
34771509-8	2021	In summary, this study demonstrated that the well-known nicotine derivative-activated nAChRalpha7 could induce STAT3/NRF2 pathways and subsequently promote PD-L1 expression in normal lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	56-64	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	111-116
34771509-8	2021	In summary, this study demonstrated that the well-known nicotine derivative-activated nAChRalpha7 could induce STAT3/NRF2 pathways and subsequently promote PD-L1 expression in normal lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	56-64	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
34557491-0	2021	Protective Mechanism of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Against Nicotine-Induced Damage of Mouse Early Folliculogenesis.	Nicotine	85-93	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	48-76
34375672-0	2021	Cigarette smoking and nicotine exposure contributes for aberrant insulin signaling and cardiometabolic disorders.	Nicotine	22-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
34375672-1	2021	Cigarette smoking- and nicotine-mediated dysregulation in insulin-signaling pathways are becoming leading health issues associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide.	Nicotine	23-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
34375672-3	2021	Among these exogenous substances, nicotine and cigarette smoking are potential triggers for impairment of insulin-signaling pathways.	Nicotine	34-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
34375672-5	2021	Hence, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for cigarette smoking- and nicotine-induced altered insulin signaling pathways and subsequent participation in several health hazards are quite essential for prophylaxis and combating these complications.	Nicotine	96-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
34375672-6	2021	In this article, we have focused on the role of nicotine and cigarette smoking mediated pathological signaling; for instance, nicotine-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and oxidative damage, elevated cortisol that may promote central obesity, association PCOS and oxidative stress via diminished nitric oxide which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation.	Nicotine	48-56	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	158-201
34375672-6	2021	In this article, we have focused on the role of nicotine and cigarette smoking mediated pathological signaling; for instance, nicotine-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and oxidative damage, elevated cortisol that may promote central obesity, association PCOS and oxidative stress via diminished nitric oxide which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation.	Nicotine	126-134	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	158-201
34384845-4	2021	The mechanisms of action include reducing the level of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) as well as regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activation, protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathways, and others, all of which are related to the mechanisms of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	266-274	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	188-191
34647621-0	2022	Nicotine causes alternative polarization of macrophages via Src-mediated STAT3 activation: Potential pathobiological implications.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	60-63
34647621-0	2022	Nicotine causes alternative polarization of macrophages via Src-mediated STAT3 activation: Potential pathobiological implications.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	73-78
34647621-5	2022	We observed that nicotine induced M2 polarization of RAW264.7 and THP-1-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	17-25	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
34647621-8	2022	Mechanistic studies revealed increased phosphorylation of STAT3 in nicotine-treated macrophages that was mediated through Src activation.	Nicotine	67-75	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	58-63
34647621-8	2022	Mechanistic studies revealed increased phosphorylation of STAT3 in nicotine-treated macrophages that was mediated through Src activation.	Nicotine	67-75	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	122-125
34647621-9	2022	Importantly, pretreatment of macrophages with either Src or STAT3 inhibitor abrogated nicotine-induced macrophage polarization, growth, and motility, suggesting a functional role of the Src-STAT3 signaling axis.	Nicotine	86-94	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	186-189
34647621-9	2022	Importantly, pretreatment of macrophages with either Src or STAT3 inhibitor abrogated nicotine-induced macrophage polarization, growth, and motility, suggesting a functional role of the Src-STAT3 signaling axis.	Nicotine	86-94	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	190-195
34523332-2	2021	The alpha3beta2 nAChR subtype participates in pain, addiction to nicotine, and other neurophysiological and pathological activities.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
34119664-12	2021	On the other hand, chronic administration of modafinil and nicotine significantly down-regulated the caspase 3 and up-regulated both BDNF and TrkB levels in the MDMA-received rats.	Nicotine	59-67	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
34402100-5	2021	We recently reported that fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key de novo lipogenic enzyme, mediates EGFR activation in nicotine-treated oral dysplastic keratinocytes.	Nicotine	114-122	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	95-99
34981020-8	2021	Nicotine cessation for 4 weeks caused a marked reduction in the expression of STAT1alpha protein, COX-2 and iNOS genes and oxidative stress.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
34171359-0	2021	Nicotine stimulates CYP1A1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AP-1, NF-kappaB, and AhR.	Nicotine	0-8	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	82-86
34171359-3	2021	Nicotine stimulated CYP1A1 expression via the transcription factors, activator protein 1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	69-88
34171359-4	2021	Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as RelA (or p65), mediated the upregulation of CYP1A1 of nicotine in HepG2 cells.	Nicotine	169-177	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	66-102
34171359-8	2021	Additionally, liver hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with nicotine exhibited markedly enhanced proliferation via CYP1A1 expression and Akt activation.	Nicotine	70-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	147-150
34938964-9	2021	Revealing the differential affinities of lynx proteins for nAChR subtypes will help elucidate how lynx regulates nAChR-dependent functions in the brain, including nicotine addiction and other critical pathways.	Nicotine	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
34557491-2	2021	In this paper, we discovered that luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) could counteract the damage caused by nicotine of mouse germ cell cyst breakdown.	Nicotine	136-144	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	63-91
34557491-2	2021	In this paper, we discovered that luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) could counteract the damage caused by nicotine of mouse germ cell cyst breakdown.	Nicotine	136-144	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	93-96
34557491-4	2021	Compared with the nicotine group, the quality of oocytes and the number of follicles were remarkably increased in the nicotine plus LH group or nicotine plus FSH group.	Nicotine	144-152	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	158-161
34557491-5	2021	LH and FSH could alleviate nicotine-induced oocyte autophagy by different pathways.	Nicotine	27-35	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	7-10
34557491-6	2021	LH reduced the nicotine-induced autophagy by restoring the phosphorylation level of adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha-1, while FSH by downregulating the phosphorylation level of Forkhead box class O 1.	Nicotine	15-23	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	151-154
34557491-8	2021	Taken together, these results suggested that LH and FSH could counteract the damage caused by nicotine and finally ensure normal germ cell cyst breakdown and early embryo development.	Nicotine	94-102	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	52-55
34186153-7	2021	We then reviewed and discussed the evidence of ncRNA involvement in abnormal brain development resulted from alcohol, anesthetic drugs, nicotine, and viral infections.	Nicotine	136-144	RNANC	Homo sapiens	47-52
34462474-5	2021	However, despite an upward trend on SOD1 and catalase, increase was not found to be statistically significant, while total antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly increased in plasma and plasma EVs obtained after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue.	Nicotine	242-250	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
34462474-5	2021	However, despite an upward trend on SOD1 and catalase, increase was not found to be statistically significant, while total antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly increased in plasma and plasma EVs obtained after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue.	Nicotine	242-250	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	45-53
34462474-6	2021	Among cytokine and chemokine profiling, we found a significant increase in the levels of MCP-1 after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue and complete packaging of IL-1beta in EVs.	Nicotine	119-127	mast cell protease 1-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
34522797-0	2021	The effect of CHRNA3 rs1051730 C>T and ABCB1 rs3842 A>G polymorphisms on non-small cell lung cancer and nicotine dependence in Iranian population.	Nicotine	104-112	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
34522797-3	2021	The objective of the current study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1051730C > T in CHRNA3 and rs3842A > G in ABCB1, two genes contributing in the mechanism of disposition and metabolism of nicotine and its derivatives, could modify the risk of developing lung cancer, as well as nicotine dependence in Iranian.	Nicotine	225-233	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
34440849-0	2021	YAP-Dependent BiP Induction Is Involved in Nicotine-Mediated Oral Cancer Malignancy.	Nicotine	43-51	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	14-17
34490270-0	2021	alpha1-nAchR-Mediated Signaling Through Lipid Raft Is Required for Nicotine-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Nicotine-Accelerated Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	67-75	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	0-6
34490270-0	2021	alpha1-nAchR-Mediated Signaling Through Lipid Raft Is Required for Nicotine-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Nicotine-Accelerated Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	118-126	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	0-6
34490270-6	2021	We confirmed that nicotine triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and induced macrophage migration into atherosclerotic plaque, thus accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet.	Nicotine	18-26	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	165-169
34490270-7	2021	Mechanically, nicotine increased the expression of alpha1-nAChR and stimulated the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophage.	Nicotine	14-22	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	99-105
34490270-8	2021	Conversely, silencing of alpha1-nAChR in macrophage sufficiently blocked the pro-inflammasome activation effect of nicotine, indicating that alpha1-nAChR was the specific receptor for nicotine in triggering NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage.	Nicotine	115-123	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	141-147
34490270-8	2021	Conversely, silencing of alpha1-nAChR in macrophage sufficiently blocked the pro-inflammasome activation effect of nicotine, indicating that alpha1-nAChR was the specific receptor for nicotine in triggering NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage.	Nicotine	184-192	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	141-147
34490270-9	2021	Furthermore, both the destruction of lipid raft by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the interference of lipid raft clustering by silencing acid sphingomyelinase reversed nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft in macrophage, suggesting lipid raft-mediated accumulation of alpha1-nAChR was the key event in regulating the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine in macrophage.	Nicotine	166-174	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	334-340
34490270-9	2021	Furthermore, both the destruction of lipid raft by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the interference of lipid raft clustering by silencing acid sphingomyelinase reversed nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft in macrophage, suggesting lipid raft-mediated accumulation of alpha1-nAChR was the key event in regulating the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine in macrophage.	Nicotine	411-419	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	334-340
34490270-10	2021	Importantly, nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage migration into atherosclerotic plaque were reversed by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, making a significant improvement for atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet.	Nicotine	13-21	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	212-216
34490270-11	2021	Conclusion: alpha1-nAChR-mediated signaling through lipid raft is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pro-atherosclerotic property of nicotine.	Nicotine	145-153	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	12-18
34440849-6	2021	Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of BiP and its underlying regulatory mechanisms in nicotine-induced oral cancer progression.	Nicotine	100-108	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	52-55
34440849-7	2021	Our results showed that nicotine significantly induced the expression of BiP in time- and dose-dependent manners in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.	Nicotine	24-32	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	73-76
34440849-8	2021	In addition, BiP was involved in nicotine-mediated OSCC malignancy, and depletion of BiP expression remarkably suppressed nicotine-induced malignant behaviors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change, migration, and invasion.	Nicotine	33-41	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	13-16
34440849-8	2021	In addition, BiP was involved in nicotine-mediated OSCC malignancy, and depletion of BiP expression remarkably suppressed nicotine-induced malignant behaviors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change, migration, and invasion.	Nicotine	122-130	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	13-16
34440849-8	2021	In addition, BiP was involved in nicotine-mediated OSCC malignancy, and depletion of BiP expression remarkably suppressed nicotine-induced malignant behaviors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change, migration, and invasion.	Nicotine	122-130	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	85-88
34440849-9	2021	In vivo, BiP silencing abrogated nicotine-induced tumor growth and EMT switch in nude mice.	Nicotine	33-41	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	9-12
34440849-10	2021	Moreover, nicotine stimulated BiP expression through the activation of the YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex.	Nicotine	10-18	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	30-33
34440849-11	2021	Mechanistically, we observed that nicotine regulated YAP nuclear translocation and its interaction with TEAD through alpha7-nAChR-Akt signaling, subsequently resulting in increased TEAD occupancy on the HSPA5 promoter and elevated promoter activity.	Nicotine	34-42	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	130-133
34440849-11	2021	Mechanistically, we observed that nicotine regulated YAP nuclear translocation and its interaction with TEAD through alpha7-nAChR-Akt signaling, subsequently resulting in increased TEAD occupancy on the HSPA5 promoter and elevated promoter activity.	Nicotine	34-42	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	203-208
34440849-12	2021	These observations suggest that BiP is involved in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy and may have therapeutic potential in tobacco-related oral cancer.	Nicotine	51-59	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	32-35
34557761-0	2021	Nicotine and its metabolite cotinine target MD2 and inhibit TLR4 signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	60-64
34281843-7	2021	Heat shock protein, protein disulfide isomerase A3, profilin-1 and legumain were expressed at higher levels in A549 cells after prolonged nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	138-146	protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3	Homo sapiens	20-50
34281843-7	2021	Heat shock protein, protein disulfide isomerase A3, profilin-1 and legumain were expressed at higher levels in A549 cells after prolonged nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	138-146	profilin 1	Homo sapiens	52-62
34360698-2	2021	New drugs that bind only those receptors, such as alpha6beta2* nAChR, implicated in nicotine addiction would avoid the off-target binding.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
34273166-11	2021	Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers alpha-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-38
34273166-11	2021	Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers alpha-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
34194328-15	2021	Compared with the nicotine group, AEPS enhanced vascular NO level (p < 0.001) and increased antioxidant levels as measured by superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05), catalase activity (p < 0.01), and reduced glutathione level (p < 0.05).	Nicotine	18-26	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	168-176
34557761-8	2021	In keeping with targeting MD2, both nicotine and cotinine inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and blocked microglial activation.	Nicotine	36-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	111-138
34557761-8	2021	In keeping with targeting MD2, both nicotine and cotinine inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and blocked microglial activation.	Nicotine	36-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	140-149
34557761-10	2021	These data indicate that TLR4 inhibition by nicotine and cotinine at the concentrations tested in BV-2 cells is independent of classic neuronal nAChRs and validate that MD2 is a direct target of nicotine and cotinine in the inhibition of innate immunity.	Nicotine	44-52	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	25-29
34302119-0	2021	Correction: Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	68-76	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	137-142
34309798-0	2021	Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2.	Nicotine	79-87	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-119
34309798-0	2021	Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2.	Nicotine	79-87	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	121-129
34309798-0	2021	Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2.	Nicotine	79-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
34309798-0	2021	Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2.	Nicotine	79-87	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
34273166-7	2021	In vitro, nicotine induced human primary VSMC calcification, increased osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, Osx, BSP and OPN), and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion.	Nicotine	10-18	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
34273166-7	2021	In vitro, nicotine induced human primary VSMC calcification, increased osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, Osx, BSP and OPN), and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion.	Nicotine	10-18	integrin binding sialoprotein	Homo sapiens	111-114
34253876-15	2022	In conclusion, we demonstrate that l-THP blocks neuronal alpha4beta2-nAChR function, which may underlie its inhibition on nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
34820636-10	2021	We demonstrate how nicotine-induced desensitization and upregulation of the beta2 nAChRs located on SOM interneurons, as opposed to the activation of alpha5 nAChRs located on VIP interneurons, is sufficient to explain the nicotine-induced activity normalization in alpha5 SNP mice.	Nicotine	19-27	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	76-81
34820636-10	2021	We demonstrate how nicotine-induced desensitization and upregulation of the beta2 nAChRs located on SOM interneurons, as opposed to the activation of alpha5 nAChRs located on VIP interneurons, is sufficient to explain the nicotine-induced activity normalization in alpha5 SNP mice.	Nicotine	222-230	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	76-81
34820636-10	2021	We demonstrate how nicotine-induced desensitization and upregulation of the beta2 nAChRs located on SOM interneurons, as opposed to the activation of alpha5 nAChRs located on VIP interneurons, is sufficient to explain the nicotine-induced activity normalization in alpha5 SNP mice.	Nicotine	222-230	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	175-178
34230140-8	2021	Western blot and inhibitor assays showed that the nicotine-induced signaling was mediated through MAPK/ERK and AKT signaling pathways in EBV-infected and LMP1-transfected breast cancer cells, respectively.	Nicotine	50-58	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
34230140-8	2021	Western blot and inhibitor assays showed that the nicotine-induced signaling was mediated through MAPK/ERK and AKT signaling pathways in EBV-infected and LMP1-transfected breast cancer cells, respectively.	Nicotine	50-58	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
34220004-4	2021	Nicotine-treated and control mice were sacrificed 6, 16 and 24 weeks post-treatment, and their tissues evaluated for alterations in histology, oxidative stress, TNF-alpha levels, nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release, tumor suppressor response and DNA repair response.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	161-170
34220004-6	2021	The tissues of nicotine treated mice exhibited a large number of multinucleated and binucleated cells, enlarged nuclei and non-uniform distribution of cells, significant increase in expression of TNF-alpha gene and serum TNF-alpha, and time-dependent significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, NO and MPO release when compared to age-and gender-matched controls.	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	196-205
34220004-6	2021	The tissues of nicotine treated mice exhibited a large number of multinucleated and binucleated cells, enlarged nuclei and non-uniform distribution of cells, significant increase in expression of TNF-alpha gene and serum TNF-alpha, and time-dependent significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, NO and MPO release when compared to age-and gender-matched controls.	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	221-230
34081429-8	2021	For a given PG/VG composition, the addition of nicotine dominated the evaporation dynamics of the e-cig aerosol and the aforementioned negative correlation was no longer observed.	Nicotine	47-55	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
34214359-3	2021	Quercetin, known as an antioxidant, binds free radicals and modulates endogenous antioxidants through Nrf2 activations is expected as a potential agent to reduce the risk of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	174-182	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	102-106
34206324-1	2021	The gene cluster region, CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4, encoding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, contains several genetic variants linked to nicotine addiction and brain disorders.	Nicotine	155-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-38
34206324-2	2021	The CHRNA5 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968 is strongly associated with nicotine dependence and lung diseases.	Nicotine	87-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
34234676-1	2021	The behavioural responses to nicotine involve appetite-regulatory hormones; however, the effects of the anorexigenic hormone amylin on reward-related behaviours induced by nicotine remain to be established.	Nicotine	172-180	islet amyloid polypeptide	Mus musculus	125-131
34234676-5	2021	Finally, we performed Western Blot experiments in an attempt to identify the levels of the amylin receptor components CTRa, CTRb, and RAMP1 in reward-related areas of mice responding differently to repeated injections of sCT and nicotine in the locomotor sensitisation test.	Nicotine	229-237	chymotrypsinogen B1	Mus musculus	124-128
34234676-8	2021	Lastly, sCT-nicotine treated mice from the locomotor sensitisation experiment displayed higher levels of total CTR, i.e. CTRa and CTRb together, in the reward-processing laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) of the brain compared to mice treated with vehicle-nicotine.	Nicotine	12-20	chymotrypsinogen B1	Mus musculus	130-134
34557761-10	2021	These data indicate that TLR4 inhibition by nicotine and cotinine at the concentrations tested in BV-2 cells is independent of classic neuronal nAChRs and validate that MD2 is a direct target of nicotine and cotinine in the inhibition of innate immunity.	Nicotine	195-203	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	25-29
34557761-4	2021	Considering the psychoactive substances morphine, cocaine, and methamphetamine act as xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns and can be specifically sensed by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), here we sought to delineate whether nicotine and/or its metabolite cotinine may be recognized by the innate immune system via myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), an accessory protein of TLR4 that is responsible for ligand recognition.	Nicotine	253-261	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	188-208
34557761-4	2021	Considering the psychoactive substances morphine, cocaine, and methamphetamine act as xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns and can be specifically sensed by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), here we sought to delineate whether nicotine and/or its metabolite cotinine may be recognized by the innate immune system via myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), an accessory protein of TLR4 that is responsible for ligand recognition.	Nicotine	253-261	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	210-214
34557761-4	2021	Considering the psychoactive substances morphine, cocaine, and methamphetamine act as xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns and can be specifically sensed by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), here we sought to delineate whether nicotine and/or its metabolite cotinine may be recognized by the innate immune system via myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), an accessory protein of TLR4 that is responsible for ligand recognition.	Nicotine	253-261	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	408-412
34557761-5	2021	MD2-intrinsic fluorescence titrations, surface plasmon resonance, and competitive displacement binding assays with curcumin (MD2 probe) demonstrated that both nicotine and cotinine targeted the lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) binding pocket of MD2 with similar affinities.	Nicotine	159-167	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	219-223
35533447-10	2022	Moreover, inhibiting PI3K-AKT by LY294002 abrogated nicotine-mediated beta-catenin level increase and thymopoiesis abnormalities, and an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-btx) also reversed nicotine-induced PI3K-AKT activation.	Nicotine	52-60	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	209-212
34084204-2	2021	Orexin and cannabinoid regulate the addictive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	60-68	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
34586895-0	2021	Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Inhibit Nicotine-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through Regulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 Signaling Axis.	Nicotine	38-46	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	113-116
34586895-10	2021	Conclusively, the PDB impart reparative and tissue regenerative processes by inhibiting nicotine-initiated IVD degeneration, through regulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 signaling axis.	Nicotine	88-96	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	150-153
35581520-9	2022	The increased rate of DARPP-32 phosphorylation in adult PSH rats might result from excessive glutamatergic stimulation of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) caused by activation of presynaptic nAChR by nicotine.	Nicotine	233-241	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
35533447-10	2022	Moreover, inhibiting PI3K-AKT by LY294002 abrogated nicotine-mediated beta-catenin level increase and thymopoiesis abnormalities, and an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-btx) also reversed nicotine-induced PI3K-AKT activation.	Nicotine	187-195	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	26-29
35577041-8	2022	In addition, nicotine individually decreased expression levels of all examined protein targets, significantly for CYP1B1 (p < 0.001), CYP19A1 (p = 0.010), AhRR (p = 0.042), and ARNT (p < 0.001), compared to control.	Nicotine	13-21	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
35212946-0	2022	A20 alleviated caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and nicotine through autophagy enhancement.	Nicotine	124-132	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	15-24
35593989-7	2022	In vitro, alpha5-nAChR mediated nicotine-induced PD-L1 expression via STAT3 and the expression of EMT markers.	Nicotine	32-40	CD274 antigen	Mus musculus	49-54
35593989-7	2022	In vitro, alpha5-nAChR mediated nicotine-induced PD-L1 expression via STAT3 and the expression of EMT markers.	Nicotine	32-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	70-75
35563563-0	2022	Sulforaphane Suppresses the Nicotine-Induced Expression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 via Inhibiting ROS-Mediated AP-1 and NF-kappaB Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cells.	Nicotine	28-36	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	118-122
35563563-0	2022	Sulforaphane Suppresses the Nicotine-Induced Expression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 via Inhibiting ROS-Mediated AP-1 and NF-kappaB Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cells.	Nicotine	28-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	127-136
35565402-0	2022	Reducing Chemotherapy-Induced DNA Damage via nAChR-Mediated Redox Reprograming-A New Mechanism for SCLC Chemoresistance Boosted by Nicotine.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
35461327-7	2022	We also found that chronic nicotine exposure recruited STAT3-activated N2-neutrophils within the brain pre-metastatic niche and secreted exosomal miR-4466 which promoted stemness and metabolic switching via SKI/SOX2/CPT1A axis in the tumor cells in the brain thereby enabling metastasis.	Nicotine	27-35	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	55-60
35563563-6	2022	We discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPKs (p38 MAPK, Erk1/2) are involved in nicotine-induced MMP-9 expression.	Nicotine	94-102	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	70-76
35563563-9	2022	Sulforaphane suppresses the nicotine-induced MMP-9 by inhibiting ROS-mediated MAPK (p38 MAPK, Erk1/2)/AP-1 and ROS-mediated NF-kappaB signaling axes, which in turn inhibit cell invasion in human gastric cancer AGS cells.	Nicotine	28-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	124-133
35461327-7	2022	We also found that chronic nicotine exposure recruited STAT3-activated N2-neutrophils within the brain pre-metastatic niche and secreted exosomal miR-4466 which promoted stemness and metabolic switching via SKI/SOX2/CPT1A axis in the tumor cells in the brain thereby enabling metastasis.	Nicotine	27-35	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	216-221
35461327-10	2022	We also demonstrated that inhibiting nicotine-induced STAT3-mediated neutrophil polarization effectively abrogated brain metastasis in vivo.	Nicotine	37-45	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	54-59
35289351-11	2022	In-vitro studies revealed that nicotine lowers the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1beta) and proteins (TRAF2, P50, P65) at 1 microg/ml in TNFalpha induced SW982 cells.Nicotine from natural sources (Brassica oleracea) has been found to be an effective anti- inflammatory compound at a low dosage.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	94-97
35289351-11	2022	In-vitro studies revealed that nicotine lowers the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1beta) and proteins (TRAF2, P50, P65) at 1 microg/ml in TNFalpha induced SW982 cells.Nicotine from natural sources (Brassica oleracea) has been found to be an effective anti- inflammatory compound at a low dosage.	Nicotine	31-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	157-165
35289351-11	2022	In-vitro studies revealed that nicotine lowers the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1beta) and proteins (TRAF2, P50, P65) at 1 microg/ml in TNFalpha induced SW982 cells.Nicotine from natural sources (Brassica oleracea) has been found to be an effective anti- inflammatory compound at a low dosage.	Nicotine	186-194	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	157-165
35131329-6	2022	In vitro, nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR, p-STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression, accompanied by the expression of caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	10-18	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	59-64
35472028-3	2022	Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein can positively act on male reproduction, and its expression can be affected by nicotine and modulated by resveratrol.	Nicotine	105-113	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
35472028-3	2022	Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein can positively act on male reproduction, and its expression can be affected by nicotine and modulated by resveratrol.	Nicotine	105-113	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
35441257-2	2022	Nicotine has been shown to stimulate the production of cytokines that are priming agents for inflammation that induces tissue destruction, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, by gingival keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	157-161
35441257-2	2022	Nicotine has been shown to stimulate the production of cytokines that are priming agents for inflammation that induces tissue destruction, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, by gingival keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	167-171
35441257-8	2022	Nicotine elevated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 and decreased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in HGFs at 24 and 72 h. Boric acid at 100 ng/mL in the medium prevented the changes induced by nicotine alone.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-72
35441257-8	2022	Nicotine elevated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 and decreased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in HGFs at 24 and 72 h. Boric acid at 100 ng/mL in the medium prevented the changes induced by nicotine alone.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	84-88
35441257-8	2022	Nicotine elevated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 and decreased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in HGFs at 24 and 72 h. Boric acid at 100 ng/mL in the medium prevented the changes induced by nicotine alone.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	90-94
35479080-9	2022	Nicotine partially prevented the IL1beta-induced expression and production of IL6, MMP3, and RANKL in WT osteoblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	78-81
35479080-10	2022	The effect for IL6 and MMP was mediated by alpha7nAchR since nicotine had no effect on Chrna7-/- osteoblasts while the RANKL decrease persisted.	Nicotine	61-69	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	15-18
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Nicotine	209-217	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-127
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Nicotine	209-217	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Nicotine	209-217	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
35531217-5	2022	The observed viability in nicotine treated cells were due to elevated IL-6, IL-10 while in glucose was due to brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	26-34	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
35131329-7	2022	Nicotine-induced activation of p-STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling were inhibited by the silencing of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	33-38
35131329-11	2022	Together, these findings reveal a novel nicotine-mediated signaling pathway: nicotine promotes lung cell proliferation and migration via the alpha5-nAChR/STAT3/NLRP3 axis in lung cancer.	Nicotine	40-48	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	154-159
35131329-11	2022	Together, these findings reveal a novel nicotine-mediated signaling pathway: nicotine promotes lung cell proliferation and migration via the alpha5-nAChR/STAT3/NLRP3 axis in lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	154-159
35359576-7	2022	Multiple sera cytokines including C5, TIMP-1, and CXCL13 were decreased accordingly as per their peripheral immunometabolic responses to menthol flavor in the nicotine vapor.	Nicotine	159-167	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	38-44
35285601-0	2022	Whole Salivary Cotinine Levels and Interleukin 1-beta Levels among Young Adults Involuntarily Exposed to Vapor from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.	Nicotine	127-135	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	35-53
2522303-3	1989	We investigated the effects of 6-week continuous nicotine intake on the neuroleptic (haloperidol)-induced increase in murine striatal D2-dopamine receptor density.	Nicotine	49-57	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	134-154
34876472-0	2022	Disruption of VGLUT1 in cholinergic medial habenula projections increases nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	74-82	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7	Mus musculus	14-20
34876472-8	2022	However, when tested in a nicotine self-administration procedure we found that the loss of VGLUT1-mediated glutamate co-release led to increased responding for nicotine.	Nicotine	26-34	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7	Mus musculus	91-97
34876472-8	2022	However, when tested in a nicotine self-administration procedure we found that the loss of VGLUT1-mediated glutamate co-release led to increased responding for nicotine.	Nicotine	160-168	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7	Mus musculus	91-97
34876472-11	2022	We demonstrate that a loss of VGLUT1 from cholinergic MHb neurons promotes increased nicotine self-administration in mice.	Nicotine	85-93	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7	Mus musculus	30-36
35368468-9	2022	A higher adjusted MD for ferritin was present for maternal hypertension (12.5 (95% CI: -75.5, 100.5); P = 0.777) and gestational diabetes mellitus (21.4 (95% CI: -54.0, 96.9); P = 0.571) in the group with fetal nicotine absorption.	Nicotine	211-219	ferritin-1, chloroplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	25-33
2556506-9	1989	Our results show that muscarine, VIP, and phorbol ester facilitated nicotine-evoked secretion by increasing PKC activity, and it was associated with an additional increase in 45Ca accumulation.	Nicotine	68-76	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2558799-1	1989	Fifteen white patients participated in this study of a family-practice-based smoking cessation program in which corticotropin (ACTH) was used to assist patients during the first one to two weeks of abstinence from nicotine.	Nicotine	214-222	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	127-131
2594167-0	1989	Naltrexone blocks nicotine-induced prolactin release.	Nicotine	18-26	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	35-44
2594167-2	1989	The intravenous administration of either nicotine or morphine increased plasma prolactin levels.	Nicotine	41-49	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
2764913-3	1989	Depolarization of cells with nicotine or high K+ evoked a Ca2+-dependent increase in chromogranin A synthesis, whereas muscarine, which does not evoke significant Ca2+ influx from bovine chromaffin cells, had no effect on chromogranin A synthesis.	Nicotine	29-37	chromogranin A	Bos taurus	85-99
2764913-3	1989	Depolarization of cells with nicotine or high K+ evoked a Ca2+-dependent increase in chromogranin A synthesis, whereas muscarine, which does not evoke significant Ca2+ influx from bovine chromaffin cells, had no effect on chromogranin A synthesis.	Nicotine	29-37	chromogranin A	Bos taurus	222-236
2764913-7	1989	In addition, long-term treatment of chromaffin cells with TPA decreased protein kinase C activity and inhibited the nicotine-stimulated chromogranin A synthesis.	Nicotine	116-124	chromogranin A	Bos taurus	136-150
2657481-5	1989	When nicotine was administered after MPTP, their separate effects could be seen in that both the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor ligand binding activities were increased and that nicotine elevated the ratio of D1/D2 receptor binding activities in MPTP-treated mice.	Nicotine	5-13	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	104-124
35234149-4	2022	The ligands interact with the same residues as the archetypal nAChR agonist nicotine yet display greater affinity, thereby rationalizing their in vivo activity as potent antagonists of nicotine-induced antinociception.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
35059736-12	2022	Furthermore, nicotine exposure increased the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and gasdermin D in 16HBE cells.	Nicotine	13-21	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	66-75
35059736-12	2022	Furthermore, nicotine exposure increased the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and gasdermin D in 16HBE cells.	Nicotine	13-21	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	94-99
35204050-5	2022	RESULTS: After controlling for alcohol and nicotine use, cannabis users had lower RSFC within the DAN network, specifically between right inferior parietal sulcus and right anterior insula, as well as white matter, relative to controls.	Nicotine	43-51	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	98-101
35038444-2	2022	The goal of this study was to assess the role of two specific regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins namely RGS2 and RGS4 in the above described effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	166-174	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	127-131
35038444-10	2022	In contrast, nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects were observed in both male and female mice lacking RGS4 and their WT littermates.	Nicotine	13-21	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	123-127
35038444-11	2022	Interestingly, deletion of RGS4 facilitated antidepressant-like effect of nicotine in male, but not female mice compared to respective WT littermates.	Nicotine	74-82	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	27-31
35085258-0	2022	Nicotine treatment regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression via inhibition of Akt pathway in HER2-type breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
35085258-5	2022	In addition, nicotine treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Akt in SK-BR-3 cells, but not in other cell lines.	Nicotine	13-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
35085258-6	2022	These results show that nicotine regulates the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.	Nicotine	24-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
35111269-0	2022	The Natural Compound Dehydrocrenatidine Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating a7nAChR-Jak2 Signaling Pathways.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
35053378-9	2022	However, nicotine stimulation promoted CA3-CA1 synaptic potentiation in mature adult (not adolescent) wild-type and suppressed MPP-DG synaptic potentiation in miRNA-132/212-/- mice.	Nicotine	9-17	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	39-42
35013841-5	2022	We find that chronic exposure to 1 muM nicotine upregulated alpha7, beta2-contained nAChRs and PDLIM5 in cultured hippocampal neurons, and the upregulation of alpha7nAChRs and PDLIM5 is increased more on the cell membrane than the cytoplasm.	Nicotine	39-47	glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
19210408-4	1989	The microinjection of nicotine (0.1, 1 or 10 HQ) into the paraventricular nucleus had only questionable effects on vasopressin release and mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate was unaffected.	Nicotine	22-30	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	115-126
2594167-3	1989	Pretreatment with the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine blocked the prolactin response to nicotine only.	Nicotine	90-98	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
2594167-4	1989	In contrast, the opiate antagonist naltrexone blocked the prolactin response to both nicotine and morphine.	Nicotine	85-93	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
2594167-5	1989	These findings indicate that the nicotine stimulated release of prolactin is dependent not only on functional nicotinic cholinergic receptors but on opiate receptors as well.	Nicotine	33-41	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
2594167-6	1989	This suggests that nicotine and morphine release prolactin via a common pathway containing nicotinic cholinergic and opiate synapses in series.	Nicotine	19-27	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
2606936-3	1989	Nicotine and its metabolite cotinine are strong inhibitors of the aromatase.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	66-75
2914084-8	1989	In addition, nicotine was found to stimulate the release of VP from SON, but not PVN, cultures in both SHR and WKY explants.	Nicotine	13-21	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	60-62
2597022-0	1989	The effects of benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine, and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines on the generation of human lymphokine-activated killer cells.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	104-114
2660182-2	1989	The initial effects of nicotine are characterized by a marked hypersecretion of ACTH, vasopressin, beta-endorphin, prolactin and LH.	Nicotine	23-31	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	80-84
2660182-2	1989	The initial effects of nicotine are characterized by a marked hypersecretion of ACTH, vasopressin, beta-endorphin, prolactin and LH.	Nicotine	23-31	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	86-97
2660182-2	1989	The initial effects of nicotine are characterized by a marked hypersecretion of ACTH, vasopressin, beta-endorphin, prolactin and LH.	Nicotine	23-31	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	99-113
2660182-11	1989	Finally, the nicotine-induced alterations of neuroendocrine function, especially in the pituitary-adrenal axis and in vasopressin release, may also lead to behavioural consequences in smokers, especially in the withdrawal phase.	Nicotine	13-21	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	118-129
3350861-0	1988	Effect of nicotine on transferrin binding and iron uptake by cultured rat placenta.	Nicotine	10-18	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	22-33
2907166-14	1988	2 shows an excitatory relay through a cholinoceptive area on the ventral surface of the brain stem which has been termed the "nicotine-sensitive area" because topical application of nicotine to this area in the cat released vasopressin without oxytocin.	Nicotine	126-134	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	224-235
2907166-14	1988	2 shows an excitatory relay through a cholinoceptive area on the ventral surface of the brain stem which has been termed the "nicotine-sensitive area" because topical application of nicotine to this area in the cat released vasopressin without oxytocin.	Nicotine	182-190	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	224-235
3168397-0	1988	Response of plasma arginine vasopressin to nicotine in normal man.	Nicotine	43-51	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	28-39
3168397-1	1988	The response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to nicotine administered by chewing gum (Nicorette, 2 mg) was examined in nine healthy volunteers.	Nicotine	53-61	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	32-43
3168397-1	1988	The response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to nicotine administered by chewing gum (Nicorette, 2 mg) was examined in nine healthy volunteers.	Nicotine	53-61	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	45-48
3168397-5	1988	In one subject whose hemodynamic and plasma nicotine responses were similar to the others but who became nauseated, the plasma AVP level increased from 4.2 to 26 pg/ml.	Nicotine	44-52	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	127-130
2460186-0	1988	Effect of substance P on nicotine-induced desensitization of cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: possible receptor subtypes.	Nicotine	25-33	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	10-21
2460186-1	1988	The neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been reassessed for its ability to modify nicotine-induced catecholamine secretion from cultured bovine, adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	80-88	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	17-28
2460186-1	1988	The neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been reassessed for its ability to modify nicotine-induced catecholamine secretion from cultured bovine, adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	80-88	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	30-32
2460186-3	1988	At low concentrations, up to 3 microM, SP partially inhibited or partially protected the nicotine response by 15-20%, and at high concentrations (30 microM), SP markedly inhibited or markedly protected the nicotinic response by 80 or 92%, respectively.	Nicotine	89-97	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	39-41
2460187-3	1988	Both neurokinin A and neurokinin B were found to have two distinct actions similar to SP, on nicotine-induced CA release: (1) an inhibitory action at low nicotine concentrations; and (2) a protective action against desensitization by high nicotine concentrations.	Nicotine	93-101	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	86-88
3168397-7	1988	Other factors in association with nicotine use, in this case nausea, may be required for AVP stimulation to occur.	Nicotine	34-42	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	89-92
3380084-0	1988	Stereoselectivity in the N"-oxidation of nicotine isomers by flavin-containing monooxygenase.	Nicotine	41-49	flavin-containing monooxygenase	Cavia porcellus	61-92
3380084-1	1988	N"-Oxidation of nicotine isomers by porcine liver flavin-containing monooxygenase shows a clear stereoselectivity in the formation of the diastereomeric N"-oxides.	Nicotine	16-24	flavin-containing monooxygenase	Cavia porcellus	50-81
3214943-0	1988	Endogenous opioids inhibit oxytocin release during nicotine-stimulated secretion of vasopressin in man.	Nicotine	51-59	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	84-95
2897641-5	1988	Further evidence for the cholinergic regulation of the CRH neuron was provided by the findings that both carbachol, a muscarinic receptor agonist, and nicotine, a nicotinic receptor agonist, stimulated IR-rCRH secretion in a dose-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	151-159	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
3350861-1	1988	The effect of nicotine on transferrin and iron transport in placental cells has been studied.	Nicotine	14-22	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
3350861-4	1988	At a concentration of 15 mM nicotine inhibited transferrin endocytosis by 40%, while iron uptake was decreased by nearly 60%.	Nicotine	28-36	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	47-58
3350861-6	1988	The results suggest that nicotine acts by blocking uptake, probably by acting as a weak base inhibiting iron release from transferrin, and inhibiting exocytosis with a resultant block of endocytosis.	Nicotine	25-33	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	122-133
3335857-5	1988	Analysis of the perfusate by gel filtration showed that 80% of the total Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity whose release was induced by pilocarpine was eluted in fractions corresponding to fragments of low molecular weight, whereas these fractions accounted only for 10% of the total Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity whose release was induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	343-351	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	73-87
2908045-7	1988	The effect of nicotine on AVP production was confirmed in vitro using the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system preparation where nicotine increased AVP secretion in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	14-22	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2908045-7	1988	The effect of nicotine on AVP production was confirmed in vitro using the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system preparation where nicotine increased AVP secretion in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	14-22	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
2908045-7	1988	The effect of nicotine on AVP production was confirmed in vitro using the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system preparation where nicotine increased AVP secretion in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	132-140	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2908045-7	1988	The effect of nicotine on AVP production was confirmed in vitro using the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system preparation where nicotine increased AVP secretion in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	132-140	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
3370533-5	1988	The results demonstrated that during simultaneous release of both hormones, vasopressin is released in greater proportion following restraint stress, hemorrhage, isotonic hypovolemia, and nicotine, whereas oxytocin is released in greater proportion following endotoxin or hypertonic saline.	Nicotine	188-196	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	76-87
3266056-8	1988	Nicotine and K+ evoked the release of neuropeptide Y, which is present in sympathetic nerves.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	38-52
3184783-6	1988	Induction of cytochrome P-450 by pretreatment of the rats with phenobarbital caused an eightfold increase of the nicotine clearance in isolated livers, whereas the pulmonary nicotine clearance was almost doubled.	Nicotine	113-121	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-29
3184783-6	1988	Induction of cytochrome P-450 by pretreatment of the rats with phenobarbital caused an eightfold increase of the nicotine clearance in isolated livers, whereas the pulmonary nicotine clearance was almost doubled.	Nicotine	174-182	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-29
2835702-5	1988	VIP alone failed to evoke catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells, but potentiated potassium-, veratridine-, and nicotine-evoked secretion.	Nicotine	119-127	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	0-3
3275854-0	1988	Effects of chronic nicotine administration on insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.	Nicotine	19-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
3275854-4	1988	The results indicate that chronic nicotine administration is accompanied by significant decreases in circulating insulin levels.	Nicotine	34-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
3275854-6	1988	The effects of nicotine on insulin are consistent with the conclusion that nicotine administration increases energy utilization.	Nicotine	15-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
3275854-6	1988	The effects of nicotine on insulin are consistent with the conclusion that nicotine administration increases energy utilization.	Nicotine	75-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
3200116-2	1988	Chromogranin B (420-493)-LI was present in the bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin granules as well as in the anterior pituitary gland and was released from the cultured bovine chromaffin cells by stimulation with high K+ or nicotine.	Nicotine	223-231	chromogranin B	Bos taurus	0-14
3585342-5	1987	From 14 to 22% of total Chrg A is released from the cell during a 15-min exposure to a maximally stimulatory dose of nicotine (10-100 microM).	Nicotine	117-125	chromogranin A	Bos taurus	24-30
2449625-3	1987	A link between substance P neurones and central cholinergic systems, involving nicotinic receptors, was also suggested by the quickly developed cross-tolerance between the antinociceptive effect of substance P and nicotine.	Nicotine	214-222	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	15-26
2449625-4	1987	A smaller, subeffective dose of substance P was able to block, on acute administration, the antinociceptive action of nicotine, an effect not shared by the two other mammalian tachykinins, neurokinin A or neurokinin B.	Nicotine	118-126	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	32-43
3681699-0	1987	Nicotine-induced release of vasopressin in the conscious rat: role of opioid peptides and hemodynamic effects.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	28-39
3681699-1	1987	Nicotine has been shown to stimulate the release of vasopressin and to cause significant hemodynamic changes.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	52-63
3681699-2	1987	The mechanisms leading to enhanced vasopressin secretion and the vascular consequences of the high plasma vasopressin levels during nicotine infusion have not yet been determined.	Nicotine	132-140	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	106-117
3681699-3	1987	Therefore, the purposes of the present study were 1) to examine in normal conscious rats the role of opioid peptides in the nicotine-induced increase in plasma vasopressin levels and 2) to assess the role of vasopressin in the hemodynamic effects of nicotine (20 micrograms/min for 15 min) using a specific V1 antagonist of the vascular actions of vasopressin.	Nicotine	124-132	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	160-171
3681699-4	1987	Plasma vasopressin levels were significantly increased in the nicotine-treated animals (39.5 +/- 10 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.6 pg/ml in the controls, P less than .01).	Nicotine	62-70	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	7-18
3681699-8	1987	Thus, these results suggest that the nicotine-induced secretion of vasopressin is not mediated by opioid receptors and that the high plasma vasopressin levels do not exert any significant hemodynamic effect on cardiac output or blood flow distribution.	Nicotine	37-45	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	67-78
3675573-1	1987	Elimination of nicotine by isolated rat livers was increased eightfold after pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB) as an inducer of cytochrome P-450 while it was only marginally influenced after pretreatment with 5,6-benzoflavone (BF) as an inducer of cytochrome P-448.	Nicotine	15-23	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-147
3600293-1	1987	In order to establish whether ethanol exerts its inhibiting effect on the nicotine-induced release of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) by interacting with an opioid pathway, six normal volunteers were treated with naloxone (2 or 4 mg as IV bolus, plus 5 or 10 mg infused over 105 minutes) during (2 nonfilter) cigarette smoking and ethanol (50 mL to 110 mL of whiskey) drinking.	Nicotine	74-82	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	124-127
3600293-3	1987	When given alone, naloxone and ethanol did not modify AVP secretion, whereas nicotine increased plasma AVP levels by about 2.5-fold.	Nicotine	77-85	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	103-106
3600293-5	1987	In the presence of naloxone, AVP rose only by about 1.7-fold in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	29-32
3600293-7	1987	Alternatively, ethanol and naloxone-sensitive opioids might produce their inhibiting effects on AVP rise in response to nicotine through independent pathways.	Nicotine	120-128	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	96-99
3585342-9	1987	Chrg A and Met-enkephalin biosynthesis appear to be differentially regulated within the chromaffin cell, since chronic treatment of cells with nicotine and forskolin causes an elevation of Met-enkephalin pentapeptide without a concomitant elevation of intracellular levels of Chrg A.	Nicotine	143-151	chromogranin A	Bos taurus	0-6
3585342-9	1987	Chrg A and Met-enkephalin biosynthesis appear to be differentially regulated within the chromaffin cell, since chronic treatment of cells with nicotine and forskolin causes an elevation of Met-enkephalin pentapeptide without a concomitant elevation of intracellular levels of Chrg A.	Nicotine	143-151	chromogranin A	Bos taurus	276-282
2436732-3	1987	Furthermore, the contractile response to nicotine (10(-5) M) in the presence of atropine (10(-7) M) was abolished by a substance P antagonist, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9 Leu11]substance P (10(-5) M).	Nicotine	41-49	arginase-1	Cavia porcellus	146-150
3037582-2	1987	After ECT there were massive and rapid increases in the plasma concentrations of nicotine- and oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin (NSN and ESN), prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), smaller increases in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and cortisol, a significant decrease in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration but no change in plasma thyrotropin (TSH).	Nicotine	81-89	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	291-305
3037582-2	1987	After ECT there were massive and rapid increases in the plasma concentrations of nicotine- and oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin (NSN and ESN), prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), smaller increases in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and cortisol, a significant decrease in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration but no change in plasma thyrotropin (TSH).	Nicotine	81-89	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	307-309
3033216-0	1987	Attenuation of the plasma prolactin response to restraint stress after acute and chronic administration of nicotine to rats.	Nicotine	107-115	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	26-35
3033216-1	1987	We have previously shown that a single dose of nicotine elevates plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels in rats and has a biphasic effect on plasma prolactin (PRL).	Nicotine	47-55	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	150-159
3033216-1	1987	We have previously shown that a single dose of nicotine elevates plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels in rats and has a biphasic effect on plasma prolactin (PRL).	Nicotine	47-55	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
3033216-4	1987	Thus, the acute and chronic administration of nicotine might induce changes in central nicotinic cholinergic circuits that affect the ACTH and PRL responses to stress.	Nicotine	46-54	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
3033216-7	1987	Five injections of nicotine during 1 day produced a similar attenuation of the PRL response to restraint stress but neither of these paradigms affected ACTH.	Nicotine	19-27	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
3033216-9	1987	On the other hand, administration of the same schedule of low dose nicotine did significantly diminish the expected release of PRL in response to a final injection of nicotine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg b.wt.)	Nicotine	67-75	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
3033216-9	1987	On the other hand, administration of the same schedule of low dose nicotine did significantly diminish the expected release of PRL in response to a final injection of nicotine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg b.wt.)	Nicotine	167-175	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
3033216-11	1987	In summary, a single dose or 5 doses of nicotine in 1 day attenuated the PRL response to restraint stress, whereas, after chronic administration, this effect was lost.	Nicotine	40-48	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
3593464-3	1987	When investigated while abstaining from nicotine for 8 weeks, chronic cigarette smokers show a gradual normalization of blood and plasma viscosities, haematocrit, blood cell filterability, plasma fibrinogen levels as well as total white cell count.	Nicotine	40-48	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	196-206
3040045-0	1987	[Changes in the plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol during the inhalation of nicotine from cigarette smoke in normal smoking and non-smoking subjects].	Nicotine	76-84	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	33-37
3806608-0	1987	Stereochemical studies on the cytochrome P-450 catalyzed oxidation of (S)-nicotine to the (S)-nicotine delta 1"(5")-iminium species.	Nicotine	70-82	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	30-46
3806608-1	1987	Mammals metabolize the tobacco alkaloid (S)-nicotine primarily to the lactam (S)-cotinine by a pathway involving an initial cytochrome P-450 catalyzed two-electron oxidation at the prochiral 5"-carbon atom.	Nicotine	40-52	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	124-140
3806608-8	1987	These findings suggest that the structure of the complex formed between (S)-nicotine and the active site of cytochrome P-450 is highly ordered and dictates the stereochemical course of the reaction pathway.	Nicotine	72-84	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	108-124
3624944-0	1987	The effect of acute and chronic administration of nicotine on lipoprotein lipase activity.	Nicotine	50-58	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	62-80
2883103-0	1987	Effects of ethanol and nicotine on gastrin and somatostatin release in rats.	Nicotine	23-31	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	47-59
2883103-1	1987	An intravenous bolus injection of nicotine (1 mg/kg) markedly elevated gastric acid secretion; oral administration of ethanol (40%, 10 ml/kg) significantly increased arterial serum gastrin and somatostatin levels.	Nicotine	34-42	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	193-205
2883103-2	1987	Chronic pretreatment with oral nicotine (5 or 25 micrograms/ml in drinking tap water, for 10 days), but not acute pretreatment with a single oral dose of nicotine (2 or 4 mg/kg), inhibited the nicotine-induced gastric acid secretion and ethanol-induced gastrin and somatostatin release.	Nicotine	31-39	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	265-277
3624944-5	1987	The effect of nicotine on heart lipoprotein lipase activity was evident also after 6 days of continuous delivery and was accompanied by a fall in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity.	Nicotine	14-22	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	161-179
3624944-7	1987	A positive correlation was seen between plasma nicotine levels and heart lipoprotein lipase activity, while adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase correlated negatively with plasma nicotine levels.	Nicotine	47-55	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	73-91
3624944-3	1987	When 1 microliter/h of a solution of nicotine (120 mg/ml) was delivered for 3 days from subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pumps, total lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart increased 1.5-3.0 fold.	Nicotine	37-45	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	138-156
3624944-7	1987	A positive correlation was seen between plasma nicotine levels and heart lipoprotein lipase activity, while adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase correlated negatively with plasma nicotine levels.	Nicotine	176-184	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	123-141
3624944-9	1987	It is concluded that in the rat the acute effect of nicotine on the shift of lipoprotein lipase to the functional pool could be related to enhanced beta-adrenergic stimulation.	Nicotine	52-60	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	77-95
3624944-5	1987	The effect of nicotine on heart lipoprotein lipase activity was evident also after 6 days of continuous delivery and was accompanied by a fall in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity.	Nicotine	14-22	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	32-50
3788413-7	1986	Met-enk, FK33-824 (FK) (Met-enkephalin analogue), and dynorphin 1-13 (Dyn) significantly suppressed the secretion of CA evoked by 10(-5) M nicotine.	Nicotine	139-147	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	24-38
3099825-0	1986	Nicotine alters fibronectin and factor VIII/vWF in human vascular endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	16-27
3099825-0	1986	Nicotine alters fibronectin and factor VIII/vWF in human vascular endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	44-47
3099825-8	1986	These studies indicate that nicotine modifies fibronectin and factor VIII/vWF distributions but in different ways.	Nicotine	28-36	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-57
3099825-8	1986	These studies indicate that nicotine modifies fibronectin and factor VIII/vWF distributions but in different ways.	Nicotine	28-36	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	74-77
3778497-2	1986	This effect of TPA was not reproduced when the secretagogues acetylcholine, nicotine, or veratrine were substituted for high K+.	Nicotine	76-84	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Bos taurus	15-18
2874742-3	1986	Hexamethonium did, however, block the increase in blood pressure, the decrease in heart rate, and the very small elevation in the plasma vasopressin concentration induced by nicotine (10 micrograms icv).	Nicotine	174-182	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	137-148
3701338-3	1986	The kinetically determined dissociation constant for high-affinity binding of toxin is 0.56 nM (k1 = 6.3 X 10(-3) min-1 nM-1; k-1 = 3.5 X 10(-3) min-1) at 20 degrees C. Nicotine, d-tubocurarine, and acetylcholine are among the most effective inhibitors of high-affinity toxin binding.	Nicotine	169-177	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	114-119
3016239-0	1986	Rapid desensitization of the acute stimulatory effects of nicotine on rat plasma adrenocorticotropin and prolactin.	Nicotine	58-66	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	105-114
3016239-1	1986	The dose of nicotine and the frequency of its administration appear to be essential determinants of its action on multiple systems including the neuroendocrine regulation of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-corticosterone and prolactin (PRL) axes in the rat.	Nicotine	12-20	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	224-233
3016239-1	1986	The dose of nicotine and the frequency of its administration appear to be essential determinants of its action on multiple systems including the neuroendocrine regulation of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-corticosterone and prolactin (PRL) axes in the rat.	Nicotine	12-20	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	235-238
3016239-3	1986	Extensive dose and time course experiments showed that nicotine rapidly elevates rat plasma ACTH and PRL levels with a threshold dose between 0.1 to 0.25 mg/kg b.wt.	Nicotine	55-63	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
3016239-11	1986	Rapid desensitization to the acute stimulatory effects of nicotine on plasma PRL is independent of glucocorticoid negative-feedback whereas desensitization of the ACTH response is modestly dependent.	Nicotine	58-66	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
3701338-3	1986	The kinetically determined dissociation constant for high-affinity binding of toxin is 0.56 nM (k1 = 6.3 X 10(-3) min-1 nM-1; k-1 = 3.5 X 10(-3) min-1) at 20 degrees C. Nicotine, d-tubocurarine, and acetylcholine are among the most effective inhibitors of high-affinity toxin binding.	Nicotine	169-177	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	145-150
3697900-0	1986	Correlation of cigarette-induced increase in serum nicotine levels with arginine vasopressin concentrations in the syndrome of self-induced water intoxication and psychosis (SIWIP).	Nicotine	51-59	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	81-92
11539094-4	1986	Two kinds of evidence presented here support a major role for ADC in the generation of putrescine going into alkaloids:  (a) A specific "suicide inhibitor" of ADC effectively inhibits the biosynthesis of nicotine and nornicotine in tobacco callus, while the analogous inhibitor of ODC is less effective, and (b) the flow of 14C from uniformly labelled arginine into nicotine is much more efficient than that from ornithine.	Nicotine	204-212	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	62-65
3465543-6	1986	Increases in total leukocytes, neutrophils, C9 and alpha 1-PI were significantly associated with present and cumulative cigarette consumption, blood levels of smoke constituents/metabolites (i.e., carboxyhemoglobin, nicotine and cotinine) and impaired pulmonary function (i.e., FEV1 and FVC).	Nicotine	216-224	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	51-61
3796791-0	1986	Naloxone effects on plasma vasopressin and oxytocin concentrations elevated by histamine, nicotine, isoproterenol and an acute increase in [NaCl] in cerebrospinal fluid.	Nicotine	90-98	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
3796791-10	1986	The concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin in plasma were elevated (p less than 0.05) by histamine, isoproterenol (30 and 120 micrograms/kg), increases[NaCl] in CSF, and nicotine at the higher (1.5 mg/kg) but not lower (0.15 mg/kg) dose.	Nicotine	174-182	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	35-46
11539094-4	1986	Two kinds of evidence presented here support a major role for ADC in the generation of putrescine going into alkaloids:  (a) A specific "suicide inhibitor" of ADC effectively inhibits the biosynthesis of nicotine and nornicotine in tobacco callus, while the analogous inhibitor of ODC is less effective, and (b) the flow of 14C from uniformly labelled arginine into nicotine is much more efficient than that from ornithine.	Nicotine	204-212	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	159-162
11539094-4	1986	Two kinds of evidence presented here support a major role for ADC in the generation of putrescine going into alkaloids:  (a) A specific "suicide inhibitor" of ADC effectively inhibits the biosynthesis of nicotine and nornicotine in tobacco callus, while the analogous inhibitor of ODC is less effective, and (b) the flow of 14C from uniformly labelled arginine into nicotine is much more efficient than that from ornithine.	Nicotine	220-228	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	62-65
11539094-4	1986	Two kinds of evidence presented here support a major role for ADC in the generation of putrescine going into alkaloids:  (a) A specific "suicide inhibitor" of ADC effectively inhibits the biosynthesis of nicotine and nornicotine in tobacco callus, while the analogous inhibitor of ODC is less effective, and (b) the flow of 14C from uniformly labelled arginine into nicotine is much more efficient than that from ornithine.	Nicotine	220-228	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	159-162
4017213-7	1985	In 20 dogs, epicardial bradykinin applied before production of transmural myocardial infarction produced a maximal pressor response of 13 +/- 3 mm Hg 40 sec after application (p less than .01 vs preapplication values), while topical nicotine produced a maximal depressor response of 14 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than .01 vs preapplication values) 20 sec after application at all sites tested.	Nicotine	233-241	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	23-33
2937635-4	1985	However, smoking did provoke a significant increase of nicotine-stimulated-neurophysin (p less than 0.05) which reflects vasopressin increase and which might explain the high incidence of ischaemic accidents in cigarette smoking via the vasoactive properties of vasopressin.	Nicotine	55-63	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	121-132
2937635-4	1985	However, smoking did provoke a significant increase of nicotine-stimulated-neurophysin (p less than 0.05) which reflects vasopressin increase and which might explain the high incidence of ischaemic accidents in cigarette smoking via the vasoactive properties of vasopressin.	Nicotine	55-63	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	262-273
4015676-0	1985	Cytochrome P-450-dependent nicotine oxidation by liver microsomes of guinea pigs.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	0-16
3839453-1	1985	Two neuropeptides, enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), are simultaneously increased in cultures of bovine chromaffin cells after diverse treatments including elevation of cAMP, application of nicotine, or chronic depolarization.	Nicotine	212-220	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	34-67
3839453-1	1985	Two neuropeptides, enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), are simultaneously increased in cultures of bovine chromaffin cells after diverse treatments including elevation of cAMP, application of nicotine, or chronic depolarization.	Nicotine	212-220	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	69-72
3910212-5	1985	Experimental evidence from humans and rodents suggests that nicotine can alter the hypothalamic-pituitary axis through its stimulation of growth hormone, cortisol, vasopressin and oxytocin release which in turn inhibit luteinizing hormone and prolactin release.	Nicotine	60-68	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	138-152
3910212-5	1985	Experimental evidence from humans and rodents suggests that nicotine can alter the hypothalamic-pituitary axis through its stimulation of growth hormone, cortisol, vasopressin and oxytocin release which in turn inhibit luteinizing hormone and prolactin release.	Nicotine	60-68	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	164-175
2412845-1	1985	Nicotine-induced contraction of the isolated guinea pig bronchial preparation was abolished by capsaicin and a substance P (SP) antagonist [( D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]SP).	Nicotine	0-8	arginase-1	Cavia porcellus	144-148
3871890-4	1985	Plasma C9 and alpha 1-PI concentrations correlated with cumulative cigarette consumption and plasma nicotine concentrations.	Nicotine	100-108	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	14-24
2987434-3	1985	Similarly, nicotine causes increases in cAMP levels in PC12 cell cultures that are calcium-dependent and blocked by d-tubocurarine.	Nicotine	11-19	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
2987434-5	1985	Correspondingly, nicotine causes a 3-fold greater increase in cAMP levels in the NGF-treated cultures than in the controls.	Nicotine	17-25	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
2581649-1	1985	Substance P (SP) has two distinct actions on catecholamine (CA) release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: SP inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)- or nicotine-induced [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release; and SP protects against desensitization of ACh- or nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	155-163	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	0-16
2581649-1	1985	Substance P (SP) has two distinct actions on catecholamine (CA) release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: SP inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)- or nicotine-induced [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release; and SP protects against desensitization of ACh- or nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	155-163	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	13-15
2581649-1	1985	Substance P (SP) has two distinct actions on catecholamine (CA) release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: SP inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)- or nicotine-induced [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release; and SP protects against desensitization of ACh- or nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	155-163	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	119-121
2581649-1	1985	Substance P (SP) has two distinct actions on catecholamine (CA) release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: SP inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)- or nicotine-induced [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release; and SP protects against desensitization of ACh- or nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	260-268	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	0-16
2581649-1	1985	Substance P (SP) has two distinct actions on catecholamine (CA) release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: SP inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)- or nicotine-induced [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release; and SP protects against desensitization of ACh- or nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	260-268	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	13-15
2581649-1	1985	Substance P (SP) has two distinct actions on catecholamine (CA) release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: SP inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)- or nicotine-induced [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release; and SP protects against desensitization of ACh- or nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	260-268	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	119-121
2581649-3	1985	The naturally occurring tachykinins, physalaemin, eledoisin and kassinin, were about equipotent and all much less potent than SP in inhibiting nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	143-151	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	126-128
2581649-9	1985	Thus the chromaffin cell SP receptors mediating inhibition of nicotine-induced [3H]NE release appear to be very similar to those mediating protection against desensitization of nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	62-70	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	25-27
2581649-9	1985	Thus the chromaffin cell SP receptors mediating inhibition of nicotine-induced [3H]NE release appear to be very similar to those mediating protection against desensitization of nicotine-induced [3H]NE release.	Nicotine	177-185	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	25-27
3991359-8	1985	These results indicate that nicotine, in presence of bombesin, has an inhibitory effect on the release of gastrin and a stimulatory effect on the release of PP and CCK.	Nicotine	28-36	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	106-113
3991359-8	1985	These results indicate that nicotine, in presence of bombesin, has an inhibitory effect on the release of gastrin and a stimulatory effect on the release of PP and CCK.	Nicotine	28-36	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	157-159
3991359-5	1985	Significant increases in levels of gastrin, CCK and PP were, however, found with infusions of BBS alone or with BBS in combination with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	35-42
6149266-5	1984	Both nicotine and DMPP also produced a slightly greater release of total tritium, measured in the absence of cholinesterase inhibition, than of [3H]acetylcholine.	Nicotine	5-13	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	109-123
3991359-5	1985	Significant increases in levels of gastrin, CCK and PP were, however, found with infusions of BBS alone or with BBS in combination with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	52-54
6697176-6	1984	Estrogen-stimulated and nicotine-stimulated neurophysins (ESN and NSN) were both found in large amounts in those areas of the brain and spinal cord where the concentrations of the nonapeptides were greatest, but when the molar ratios of ESN to oxytocin and NSN to vasopressin were compared there was an excess of ESN.	Nicotine	24-32	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	264-275
6198467-3	1984	Substance P (10(-5) M) completely protected against desensitization of catecholamine release produced by acetylcholine at 37 degrees C or 23 degrees C and by nicotine at 23 degrees C; substance P also afforded appreciable protection against nicotine-induced desensitization at 37 degrees C. The peptide had no effect on K+-induced desensitization of catecholamine release.	Nicotine	241-249	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
6198467-3	1984	Substance P (10(-5) M) completely protected against desensitization of catecholamine release produced by acetylcholine at 37 degrees C or 23 degrees C and by nicotine at 23 degrees C; substance P also afforded appreciable protection against nicotine-induced desensitization at 37 degrees C. The peptide had no effect on K+-induced desensitization of catecholamine release.	Nicotine	241-249	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	184-195
6198467-7	1984	Nicotine-induced catecholamine release and nicotinic desensitization of catecholamine release were Na+-independent, although substance P"s inhibition of nicotine-induced catecholamine release was reduced by extracellular Na+.	Nicotine	153-161	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	125-136
6508989-0	1984	Nicotine from cigarette smoking enhances clonidine-induced increase of serum growth hormone concentrations in men.	Nicotine	0-8	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	77-91
6508989-1	1984	In order to determine whether nicotine exerts its stimulant effect on serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) by interacting with an adrenergic pathway, we evaluated the effect of cigarette smoking on the response of GH to the administration of clonidine, a specific alpha-adrenoceptor agonist.	Nicotine	30-38	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	94-108
6508989-1	1984	In order to determine whether nicotine exerts its stimulant effect on serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) by interacting with an adrenergic pathway, we evaluated the effect of cigarette smoking on the response of GH to the administration of clonidine, a specific alpha-adrenoceptor agonist.	Nicotine	30-38	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	110-112
6203633-8	1984	With regard to (1), substance P inhibited the secretion of catecholamines and ATP evoked by acetylcholine or nicotine but not that evoked by K+ or veratridine, nor did substance P by itself affect secretion.	Nicotine	109-117	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	20-31
6203633-11	1984	With regard to (2), substance P (greater than 5 X 10(-6) M) completely protected against desensitization of catecholamine release produced by acetylcholine (greater than 10(-4) M) or nicotine (greater than 2.5 X 10(-6) M) with no effect on K+-induced desensitization.	Nicotine	183-191	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	20-31
6198467-1	1984	Substance P, a peptide endogenous to the splanchnic nerve, is known to inhibit the acetylcholine-and nicotine-induced release of catecholamines from isolated adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	101-109	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
6198467-3	1984	Substance P (10(-5) M) completely protected against desensitization of catecholamine release produced by acetylcholine at 37 degrees C or 23 degrees C and by nicotine at 23 degrees C; substance P also afforded appreciable protection against nicotine-induced desensitization at 37 degrees C. The peptide had no effect on K+-induced desensitization of catecholamine release.	Nicotine	158-166	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
6420400-11	1984	Secretion of catecholamines, induced by veratridine or nicotine, a cholinergic agonist, was suppressed when NaCl in the medium was replaced by isosmotic sucrose and unexpectedly low levels of dopamine beta-hydroxylase were observed in some cases.	Nicotine	55-63	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Bos taurus	192-217
6730939-3	1984	The lower PRL levels in cigarette-smoking pregnant women may be due either to a direct effect of nicotine or secondary to lower estrogen levels, and the finding may be of clinical importance in relation to lactation.	Nicotine	97-105	prolactin	Homo sapiens	10-13
6422896-3	1984	This study showed that in some patients the inhalation of tobacco smoke caused a rise in plasma vasopressin and nicotine-stimulated-neurophysin, a substance easily measured and used as a marker of vasopressin secretion because of the close relationship of the two substances.	Nicotine	112-120	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	197-208
6745345-6	1984	All three groups showed a similar AVP response to intravenous nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	34-37
6436877-7	1984	Initially, nicotine visibly impaired motor performance for several minutes after injection, which may at least partly explain the observed reduction of SST; both effects waned across successive nicotine tests.	Nicotine	11-19	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
6151160-2	1984	Because nicotine alters the bioavailability of several behaviorally active neuroregulators, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, beta-endorphin, and vasopressin, we propose that nicotine is "used" by smokers to produce temporary improvements in performance or affect.	Nicotine	192-200	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	143-174
6482327-3	1984	Nicotine was applied as salicylate via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps at a dosage of 1 microgram/kg/min = 1.44 mg/kg/day, corresponding to heavy smoking in humans.	Nicotine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	112-119
6617738-6	1983	These changes in NA levels may be related to the nicotine- and stress-induced increases of ACTH (SEL and PA FP) and prolactin secretion (PV II) found in the present experiments.	Nicotine	49-57	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	91-95
6686153-2	1983	Nicotine caused a significant release of both vasopressin and oxytocin from the neural lobe.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	46-57
6195676-2	1983	Nicotine (N) when added to the perfusion medium caused a significant increase in PP to A II without altering that to A I.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
6195676-3	1983	Further addition of ZK 36374, a stable analog of prostacyclin (PGI2), to the medium prevented the potentiating effect of N on the A II pressor response.	Nicotine	121-122	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
6888186-3	1983	VIP in chromaffin cells in culture appears to be contained in a secretory granule pool, since it, like methionine-enkephalin (met-enk) was released into the medium after exposure of cells to nicotine, carbachol, veratridine and elevated potassium in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	191-199	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	0-3
6617738-7	1983	Stress enhanced the rapid but variable increase in vasopressin secretion induced by nicotine, suggesting one possible mechanism by which stress combined with smoking can contribute to the development of increased arterial blood pressure and finally to sustained hypertension.	Nicotine	84-92	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	51-62
6188774-7	1983	Substance P (SP) modulates the secretion of catecholamines and ATP evoked by ACh or nicotine but not that evoked by K+ or veratridine.	Nicotine	84-92	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	0-11
6308959-6	1983	Nicotine counteracted to a minor degree the immobilization stress-induced reduction in NA levels, and also the stress-induced secretion of ACTH, but not of prolactin suggesting the involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms possibly in the paraventricular nucleus in the nicotine modulation of stress induced increases of ACTH secretion.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	319-323
6188239-0	1983	Formaldehyde production promoted by rat nasal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases with nasal decongestants, essences, solvents, air pollutants, nicotine, and cocaine as substrates.	Nicotine	150-158	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-62
6136311-6	1983	These results indicate that VIP is released into the CSF from the wall of the fourth ventricle by a mechanism possibly involving nicotine-sensitive cholinergic pathways.	Nicotine	129-137	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
6312746-0	1983	Intravenous injections of nicotine induce very rapid and discrete reductions of hypothalamic catecholamine levels associated with increases of ACTH, vasopressin and prolactin secretion.	Nicotine	26-34	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	149-160
6312746-0	1983	Intravenous injections of nicotine induce very rapid and discrete reductions of hypothalamic catecholamine levels associated with increases of ACTH, vasopressin and prolactin secretion.	Nicotine	26-34	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	165-174
6188774-7	1983	Substance P (SP) modulates the secretion of catecholamines and ATP evoked by ACh or nicotine but not that evoked by K+ or veratridine.	Nicotine	84-92	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	13-15
6816226-0	1982	Participation of cytochrome P-450 in nicotine oxidation.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	17-33
6314418-5	1983	In the high-nicotine (2.87 mg) condition, there were significant positive correlations between integrated plasma nicotine and plasma arginine vasopressin (r = +0.985), its carrier protein neurophysin I (r = +0.944), and beta-endorphin-beta-lipotropin (r = +0.977), but not adrenocorticotropic hormone.	Nicotine	12-20	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	142-153
6314418-5	1983	In the high-nicotine (2.87 mg) condition, there were significant positive correlations between integrated plasma nicotine and plasma arginine vasopressin (r = +0.985), its carrier protein neurophysin I (r = +0.944), and beta-endorphin-beta-lipotropin (r = +0.977), but not adrenocorticotropic hormone.	Nicotine	12-20	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	220-234
6314418-5	1983	In the high-nicotine (2.87 mg) condition, there were significant positive correlations between integrated plasma nicotine and plasma arginine vasopressin (r = +0.985), its carrier protein neurophysin I (r = +0.944), and beta-endorphin-beta-lipotropin (r = +0.977), but not adrenocorticotropic hormone.	Nicotine	113-121	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	142-153
6314418-6	1983	Data from an experiment that used an extraction step to remove beta-lipotropin corroborated the functional relationship between plasma nicotine and beta-endorphin implied by the original findings.	Nicotine	135-143	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	148-162
6126121-3	1982	Treatment with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) abolished the relaxant response of cerebral arteries to repeated applications of VIP and SP, respectively; however, after VIP or SP, a normal relaxant response to transmural stimulation or nicotine was produced.	Nicotine	265-273	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	15-48
6181847-1	1982	Substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SRIF) are known to inhibit the nicotine-induced release of catecholamines (CAs) from isolated adrenal chromaffin cells in culture22,24.	Nicotine	66-74	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
6126121-3	1982	Treatment with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) abolished the relaxant response of cerebral arteries to repeated applications of VIP and SP, respectively; however, after VIP or SP, a normal relaxant response to transmural stimulation or nicotine was produced.	Nicotine	265-273	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	50-53
7197926-2	1981	Chronic administration of morphine, nicotine or phenobarbitone has previously been shown to inhibit rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity by increasing hepatic [NADPH], whereas subsequent withdrawal enhances pyrrolase activity by a hormonal-type mechanism.	Nicotine	36-44	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	110-130
7074142-4	1982	These results show that phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 and constitutive form(s) of the enzyme may be active in hepatic nicotine oxidation.	Nicotine	127-135	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-62
7310708-6	1981	Prior superfusion with xylocaine or intravenous infusions of 800 micrograms atropine-methyl bromate abolished this response, although vasopressin was still released to nicotine in atropine-blocked rats.	Nicotine	168-176	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	134-145
7094361-0	1982	Naloxone increases the nicotine-stimulated rise of vasopressin secretion in man.	Nicotine	23-31	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	51-62
7094361-2	1982	Nicotine stimulated vasopressin secretion in all subjects.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	20-31
7094361-3	1982	Naloxone infusion increased both the plasma vasopressin response to nicotine and the resulting rise in urine osmolality.	Nicotine	68-76	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	44-55
6276506-0	1982	Evidence that inhibition of nicotine-mediated catecholamine secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells by enkephalin, beta-endorphin, dynorphin (1-13), and opiates is not mediated via specific opiate receptors.	Nicotine	28-36	proopiomelanocortin	Bos taurus	115-129
6276506-5	1982	Finally (4), the I2-Tyr1 substituted analogues of beta-endorphin and dynorphin that are biologically less active than the parent compounds produced an inhibition of the nicotine-mediated [3H]NE release similar to that of their parent compounds.	Nicotine	169-177	proopiomelanocortin	Bos taurus	50-64
6119003-6	1981	It is suggested that the preferential increases of noradrenaline turnover in various hypothalamic noradrenaline nerve terminal systems by nicotine may be partly responsible for the nicotine induced increases of serum prolactin.	Nicotine	138-146	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	217-226
6119003-6	1981	It is suggested that the preferential increases of noradrenaline turnover in various hypothalamic noradrenaline nerve terminal systems by nicotine may be partly responsible for the nicotine induced increases of serum prolactin.	Nicotine	181-189	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	217-226
7243622-0	1981	Vasopressin release by nicotine in the cat.	Nicotine	23-31	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-11
7243622-1	1981	Our goal in this study was to examine where nicotine acted on the neurohypophysial release of arginine vasopressin (AVP).	Nicotine	44-52	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	103-114
7449837-1	1980	Water deprivation, drinking water containing 2% NaCl, or systemic injection with histamine or nicotine markedly increased plasma levels of vasopressin in rats.	Nicotine	94-102	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	139-150
7380990-1	1980	The plasma vasopressin response to intravenous nicotine (2 mg) and smoking cigarettes of high (1.2 mg) and low (0.6 mg) nicotine content was studied in healthy young subjects with a history of cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	47-55	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	11-22
7380990-1	1980	The plasma vasopressin response to intravenous nicotine (2 mg) and smoking cigarettes of high (1.2 mg) and low (0.6 mg) nicotine content was studied in healthy young subjects with a history of cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	120-128	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	11-22
16660940-3	1979	Putrescine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.53) and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.19) activities in root tissue of these four genotypes were proportional to leaf nicotine level, whereas N-methylputrescine oxidase activity in root tissue differed in proportion and ranking.	Nicotine	181-189	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	0-30
7403668-0	1980	Effect of nicotine on the metabolism of angiotensin I and II and prostaglandin E2 in isolated rat lungs.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	40-60
509217-9	1979	Substance P produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ACh (5 x 10(-5) M) stimulated [3H]NA release in the range of 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-5) M with an ID50 of 10(-6) M. A similar inhibition of NA release by substance P was obtained when nicotine (K X 10(-6) M) was used as the agonist, but not when K+ (50 MM) was used to depolarize the cells.	Nicotine	230-238	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	0-11
503252-1	1979	The cholinergic agonists, pilocarpine, physostigmine and nicotine, inhibited the prolactin release induced by morphine in male rats in vivo.	Nicotine	57-65	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	81-90
697825-0	1978	Conjugate of nicotine and cotinine to bovine serum albumin.	Nicotine	13-21	albumin	Homo sapiens	45-58
38334-3	1979	Acetylcholine, nicotine and bethanechol increased, in a dose-related manner, hypothalamic CRH release and content but the maximal responses to bethanechol or nicotine were less than those to acetylcholine.3.	Nicotine	15-23	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
38334-3	1979	Acetylcholine, nicotine and bethanechol increased, in a dose-related manner, hypothalamic CRH release and content but the maximal responses to bethanechol or nicotine were less than those to acetylcholine.3.	Nicotine	158-166	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
468744-4	1979	The 18-month followup results showed that the nicotine fading/self-monitoring group was the most successful: 40% were abstinent and all who had not quit were smoking cigarettes lower in tar and nicotine than their baseline brands.	Nicotine	46-54	RNA binding motif protein 8A	Homo sapiens	186-189
436724-1	1979	Acetylcholine and nicotine stimulated vasopressin (VP) release from the organ-cultured rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS).	Nicotine	18-26	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
436724-1	1979	Acetylcholine and nicotine stimulated vasopressin (VP) release from the organ-cultured rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS).	Nicotine	18-26	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	51-53
436724-2	1979	Nicotinic antagonists, hexamethonium, tetraethylammonium chloride, and trimethaphan blocked VP release in response to acetylcholine and nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	92-94
597785-1	1977	The calcium-magnesium (Ca2+-Mg2+) interaction in the process of nicotine-induced release of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) from rat isolated vas deferens was studied.	Nicotine	64-72	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
202888-3	1978	Our results suggest a dose-dependent activity of lysine vasopressin on the EEG, which might be similar to that observed in animal and man after administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	162-170	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	56-67
677957-1	1978	Nicotine and DMPP caused contraction of rat isolated vas deferens.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
895214-2	1977	Inhibitory influence of nicotine on LH, FSH and prolactin secretion in the ovariectomized female rat and its relation to regional changes in dopamine and noradrenaline levels and turnover.	Nicotine	24-32	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
615118-0	1977	Effect of contraction per se on the nicotine-induced outflow of 3H-norepinephrine from rat isolated vas deferens.	Nicotine	36-44	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
142574-0	1977	[Simultaneous liberation of vasopressin (ADH) and of neurophysins during nicotine perfusion in man].	Nicotine	73-81	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	28-39
833259-3	1977	The effects of water loading, hypertonic saline infusion and nicotine on serum PRL and on renal water metabolism were investigated in 6 normal subjects and in 8 patients with chronic hyperprolactinemia (four with and four without demonstrable pituitary tumors).	Nicotine	61-69	prolactin	Homo sapiens	79-82
874847-0	1977	Effect of hexamethonium on the release of vasopressin by nicotine and carotid occlusion [proceedings].	Nicotine	57-65	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	42-53
4735189-0	1973	Inhibition of the proestrous surge of prolactin in the rat by nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
1022188-0	1976	[Radioimmunoassay for vasopressin : plasma levels after stimulation by I-V nicotine injection (author"s transl)(proceedings)].	Nicotine	75-83	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	22-33
4476386-0	1974	[Proceedings: Effect of nicotine on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in rats].	Nicotine	24-32	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	55-64
1278094-5	1976	The cholinergic agonists arecoline, nicotine, and carbachol significantly inhibited the afternoon surge of prolactin.	Nicotine	36-44	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
1206097-0	1975	Nicotine-stimulated release of neurophysin and vasopressin in humans.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	47-58
1206097-1	1975	Nicotine stimulation, induced by cigarette smoking, has previously been identified as a potent stimulus for vasopressin release in humans.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	108-119
4449588-0	1974	Effect of nicotine on the secretion of growth hormone and prolactin in rats.	Nicotine	10-18	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
4743694-0	1973	Pup survival and prolactin levels in nicotine-treated lactating rats.	Nicotine	37-45	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	17-26
6018744-6	1967	AVP secretion was inhibited by hemodilution and stimulated with nicotine and hypertonic saline.	Nicotine	64-72	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-3
4345722-0	1973	The role of angiotensin II in a pressor response to nicotine after phenoxybenzamine.	Nicotine	52-60	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	12-26
5768107-0	1969	The effects of pempidine and hexamethonium on release of antidiuretic hormone by nicotine and osmotic stimuli in the cat.	Nicotine	81-89	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	57-77
14821302-0	1951	Analysis of certain interactions of nicotine with bradykinin and histamine.	Nicotine	36-44	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	50-60
6008228-1	1966	Effect of the administration of nicotine and hypertonic saline on the blood ADH (antidiuretic hormone) level in normal subjects under limited water intake].	Nicotine	32-40	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	76-79
6008228-1	1966	Effect of the administration of nicotine and hypertonic saline on the blood ADH (antidiuretic hormone) level in normal subjects under limited water intake].	Nicotine	32-40	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	81-101
14259494-0	1965	MECHANISM OF THE SYMPATHOMIMETIC RESPONSE OF THE CAT"S IRIS TO NICOTINE.	Nicotine	63-71	PICALM interacting mitotic regulator	Homo sapiens	49-54
33813843-0	2021	Decreased 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in the Kidney May Contribute to Nicotine/Smoking-Induced Blood Pressure Elevation in Mice.	Nicotine	96-104	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	10-52
33892114-4	2021	In this study, we investigated whether PPARalpha activation also blocks nicotine-enhanced AFL.	Nicotine	72-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	39-48
34001335-2	2021	We explore how rising global trends in the use nicotine as well as neonics impacts vulnerability, within and across species, and posit that evolutionary conservation at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) provides an operational strategy map for pathogens and disease.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	207-212
33892114-13	2021	In conclusion, PPARalpha activation by WY-14,643 attenuates alcohol/nicotine-induced fatty liver but deteriorates ethanol/nicotine-induced liver injury; WY-14,643 enhances ethanol metabolism via induction of catalase.	Nicotine	68-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	15-24
33892114-13	2021	In conclusion, PPARalpha activation by WY-14,643 attenuates alcohol/nicotine-induced fatty liver but deteriorates ethanol/nicotine-induced liver injury; WY-14,643 enhances ethanol metabolism via induction of catalase.	Nicotine	122-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	15-24
33813843-3	2021	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced blood pressure elevation is in part mediated by change in renal 11beta-HSD2 leading to higher MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) occupancy.	Nicotine	21-29	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	102-113
33813843-4	2021	Here, we show that nicotine exposure markedly decreased the expression and activity of renal 11beta-HSD2 and increased the mean systolic arterial pressure in C57BL/6J mice.	Nicotine	19-27	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	93-104
33813843-5	2021	Reduction of renal 11beta-HSD2 expression by nicotine was correlated with the suppression of C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta) and activation of Akt protein kinase phosphorylation (pThr308Akt/PKB) within the kidney.	Nicotine	45-53	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	19-30
33813843-5	2021	Reduction of renal 11beta-HSD2 expression by nicotine was correlated with the suppression of C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta) and activation of Akt protein kinase phosphorylation (pThr308Akt/PKB) within the kidney.	Nicotine	45-53	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	159-162
33813843-5	2021	Reduction of renal 11beta-HSD2 expression by nicotine was correlated with the suppression of C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta) and activation of Akt protein kinase phosphorylation (pThr308Akt/PKB) within the kidney.	Nicotine	45-53	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	206-209
33813843-7	2021	Treatment with the MR antagonist spironolactone significantly decreased the elevated mean systolic blood pressure and corrected ENaC along with inhibition of pThr308Akt/PKB within the kidney in nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	194-202	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	165-172
33813843-8	2021	Suppression of Akt/PKB activation by spironolactone was accompanied by upregulation of renal C/EBPbeta and amelioration of nicotine-mediated reduction of 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	123-131	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	15-18
33813843-8	2021	Suppression of Akt/PKB activation by spironolactone was accompanied by upregulation of renal C/EBPbeta and amelioration of nicotine-mediated reduction of 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	123-131	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	19-22
33813843-8	2021	Suppression of Akt/PKB activation by spironolactone was accompanied by upregulation of renal C/EBPbeta and amelioration of nicotine-mediated reduction of 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	123-131	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	154-165
33813843-9	2021	Addition of nicotine to mouse renal cortical collecting duct M1 cells downregulated 11beta-HSD2 and stimulated MR expression, and these effects are likely mediated by activation of Akt coupled inhibition of C/EBPbeta.	Nicotine	12-20	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	84-95
33813843-9	2021	Addition of nicotine to mouse renal cortical collecting duct M1 cells downregulated 11beta-HSD2 and stimulated MR expression, and these effects are likely mediated by activation of Akt coupled inhibition of C/EBPbeta.	Nicotine	12-20	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	181-184
33813843-10	2021	These findings suggest that nicotine-mediated suppression of 11beta-HSD2 in the kidney may contribute to the development of nicotine/smoking-induced hypertension through decreasing the intrarenal deactivation of glucocorticoids.	Nicotine	28-36	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	61-72
33813843-10	2021	These findings suggest that nicotine-mediated suppression of 11beta-HSD2 in the kidney may contribute to the development of nicotine/smoking-induced hypertension through decreasing the intrarenal deactivation of glucocorticoids.	Nicotine	124-132	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	61-72
33786606-5	2021	In AD, nicotine improves cognitive impairment by enhancing protein kinase B (also referred to as Akt) activity and stimulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, which regulates learning and memory processes.	Nicotine	7-15	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
33786606-5	2021	In AD, nicotine improves cognitive impairment by enhancing protein kinase B (also referred to as Akt) activity and stimulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, which regulates learning and memory processes.	Nicotine	7-15	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	153-156
33878302-0	2021	Potentiation of (alpha4)2(beta2)3, but not (alpha4)3(beta2)2, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Reduces Nicotine Self-Administration and Withdrawal Symptoms.	Nicotine	104-112	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	17-33
33878302-1	2021	The low sensitivity (alpha4)3(beta2)2 (LS) and high sensitivity (alpha4)2(beta2)3 (HS) nAChR isoforms may contribute to a variety of brain functions, pathophysiological processes, and pharmacological effects associated with nicotine use.	Nicotine	224-232	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	64-81
33878302-1	2021	The low sensitivity (alpha4)3(beta2)2 (LS) and high sensitivity (alpha4)2(beta2)3 (HS) nAChR isoforms may contribute to a variety of brain functions, pathophysiological processes, and pharmacological effects associated with nicotine use.	Nicotine	224-232	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	4-37
34009037-4	2021	These effects are largely driven by free radical exposure, changes in PI3K/Akt signalling pathways, nicotine-induced reduction in phagocytosis receptors and impaired lipid homeostasis leading to a foam-like lipid laden phenotype.	Nicotine	100-108	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
34057209-11	2021	Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type I collagen, type III collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	166-184
34057209-11	2021	Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type I collagen, type III collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression.	Nicotine	30-38	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	186-190
34057209-11	2021	Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type I collagen, type III collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression.	Nicotine	30-38	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	192-195
34057209-11	2021	Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type I collagen, type III collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression.	Nicotine	30-38	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	206-209
34057209-11	2021	Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type I collagen, type III collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	231-235
34057209-11	2021	Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type I collagen, type III collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression.	Nicotine	30-38	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	240-244
34047687-0	2022	Prenatal nicotine exposure leads to decreased histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation and increased p66shc expression in the neonatal pancreas.	Nicotine	9-17	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
34047687-3	2022	Maternal administration of nicotine in rats increased p66shc expression in the neonatal pancreas.	Nicotine	27-35	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-60
34047687-4	2022	Similarly, nicotine treatment augmented p66shc expression in INS-1E pancreatic beta cells.	Nicotine	11-19	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
34047687-6	2022	Finally, nicotine increased the expression of Kdm4c, a key histone lysine demethylase, and decreased Suv39h1, a critical histone lysine methyltransferase.	Nicotine	9-17	lysine demethylase 4C	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
34047687-7	2022	Collectively, these results suggest that upregulation of p66shc through posttranslational histone modifications may underlie the reported adverse outcomes of nicotine exposure on pancreatic function.	Nicotine	158-166	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
34006831-0	2021	Nicotine aggravates vascular adiponectin resistance via ubiquitin-mediated adiponectin receptor degradation in diabetic Apolipoprotein E knockout mouse.	Nicotine	0-8	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	120-136
34006831-8	2021	These results indicated that the circulating APN level in nicotine-administrated diabetic Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice was elevated in advance of 2 weeks of diabetic ApoE-/- mice.	Nicotine	58-66	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	118-122
34006831-8	2021	These results indicated that the circulating APN level in nicotine-administrated diabetic Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice was elevated in advance of 2 weeks of diabetic ApoE-/- mice.	Nicotine	58-66	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	179-183
34006831-11	2021	Additionally, nicotine provoked SOCS3, degraded AdipoR1, and attenuated APN-activated ERK1/2 in the presence of high glucose and high lipid (HG/HL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	14-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	86-92
33953172-10	2021	Thus, our findings not only confirmed that nicotine alleviated MIA-induced pain behavior and cartilage degradation via stimulating the alpha7-nAChRs/mTOR signal pathway but found the potential role of alpha7-nAChRs in mediating the balance between apoptosis and autophagy.	Nicotine	43-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	149-153
34045967-10	2021	We also found that nicotine offspring showed an increase of neurite length in the molecular layer and CA1 by Tuj1 staining, as well as an increase in the expression of synapse associated protein, PSD95, but the expression of NeuroD1 in CA1 and CA3 reduced.	Nicotine	19-27	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	244-247
33607168-12	2021	The ameliorating effects of nicotine and galantamine on depression-like behaviors in KMO KO mice are associated with the activation of alpha7nAChR.	Nicotine	28-36	kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase)	Mus musculus	85-88
33684450-6	2021	These effects of isoprenaline, except cardiac iNOS and alpha7-nAChRs downregulation, were ameliorated in rats treated with a low dose (20 mug/kg/day s.c. for 16 days) of nicotine or PHA.	Nicotine	170-178	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
32767546-0	2021	Chronic nicotine impairs sparse motor learning via striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons.	Nicotine	8-16	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	73-84
32767546-3	2021	Here, we demonstrate that chronic nicotine persistently suppresses the activity of striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons, which mediate nicotine-induced deficit in sparse motor learning.	Nicotine	34-42	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	105-116
32767546-3	2021	Here, we demonstrate that chronic nicotine persistently suppresses the activity of striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons, which mediate nicotine-induced deficit in sparse motor learning.	Nicotine	145-153	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	105-116
32767546-7	2021	Lastly, the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq-mediated activation of striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons reversed the chronic nicotine withdrawal-induced deficit in sparse motor learning.	Nicotine	127-135	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	81-92
32767546-8	2021	Taken together, we identified that chronic nicotine withdrawal impairs sparse motor learning via disruption of activity in striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons.	Nicotine	43-51	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	145-156
32767546-9	2021	These findings suggest that sparse motor learning paradigm can reveal the subtle effect of nicotine withdrawal on motor function and that striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons are a neural substrate of nicotine"s effect on motor learning.	Nicotine	211-219	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	160-171
33411237-11	2021	Taken together, these results indicate that impaired D2R signaling due to lack of FABP3 may affect D1R and c-Fos signaling and underlie nicotine-induced CPP behaviors.	Nicotine	136-144	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	53-56
33662786-0	2021	Nicotine-derived NNK induces the stemness enrichment of CRC cells through regulating the balance of DUSP4-ERK1/2 feedback loop.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	106-112
33905756-12	2021	Behavioural differences were associated with brain gene expression changes: nicotine withdrawn animals showed decreased expression of chrna 4 and chrna7 after 60 days, and of htr2a from 7 to 60 days.The expression of c-Fos was significantly increased at 7 days.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4b	Danio rerio	134-141
33926967-11	2021	Lung ACE-2 expression was increased in male mice in a nicotine-dependent manner as compared with female mice.	Nicotine	54-62	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	5-10
33926967-12	2021	Collectively, while vaping (+-nicotine) induced airway inflammation and impaired lung function, the induction of lung ACE-2 occurred to a significantly greater degree in males exposed to vapor containing nicotine as compared with females.	Nicotine	204-212	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	118-123
33933507-5	2021	Weakening of the dACC and MFG activations was particularly pronounced in nicotine users and stimulant users with impaired task performance, respectively.	Nicotine	73-81	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	17-21
33894105-0	2021	Maternal nicotine exposure aggravates metabolic associated fatty liver disease via PI3K/Akt signaling in adult offspring mice.	Nicotine	9-17	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	88-91
33905756-12	2021	Behavioural differences were associated with brain gene expression changes: nicotine withdrawn animals showed decreased expression of chrna 4 and chrna7 after 60 days, and of htr2a from 7 to 60 days.The expression of c-Fos was significantly increased at 7 days.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7a (neuronal)	Danio rerio	146-152
33879270-9	2021	Additional highlights from recent SUD GWAS include the robust confirmation of loci in alcohol metabolizing genes (e.g. ADH1B and ALDH2) affecting alcohol-related traits, and loci within the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster influencing nicotine-related traits.	Nicotine	236-244	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-196
33888815-9	2021	Specifically, in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, there were 41 miRNAs and 136 mRNAs differentially expressed in the DA neurons while only 16 miRNAs and 20 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the non-DA neurons after the nicotine-alcohol exposure.	Nicotine	223-231	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
33884179-9	2021	Nicotine (10 nM) also increased IRE1alpha and PERK phosphorylation, and ATF6 and GRP78 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	81-86
33838329-4	2021	In male lung, nicotine vapor inhalation induced a significant increase in ACE2 mRNA and protein, but surprisingly, these differences were not found in females.	Nicotine	14-22	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	74-78
33838329-7	2021	Together, these data indicate a direct link between e-cigarette vaping and increased ACE2 expression in male lung tissue, which thereby reveals an underlying mechanism of increased vulnerability to coronavirus infection in individuals vaping nicotine.	Nicotine	242-250	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	85-89
33825493-0	2021	Differential responses to e-cig generated aerosols from humectants and different forms of nicotine in epithelial cells from non-smokers and smokers.	Nicotine	90-98	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
33825493-7	2021	We also exposed hNECs from non-smokers and smokers to e-cig generated aerosol from PG:GLY with freebase nicotine or nicotine salt.	Nicotine	104-112	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
33825493-7	2021	We also exposed hNECs from non-smokers and smokers to e-cig generated aerosol from PG:GLY with freebase nicotine or nicotine salt.	Nicotine	116-124	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
33284031-0	2021	Nicotine: A Targeted Therapy for Epilepsy Due to nAChR Gene Variants.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
33284031-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a nicotine patch can be an effective therapy in epilepsy patients with nAChR gene variants.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
33284031-11	2021	We propose consideration of transdermal nicotine treatment in intractable epilepsy with known nAChR variants as an experimental therapy.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
33884179-10	2021	Although nicotine at concentrations up to 10 muM did not cause cell death, treatment of HCAEC with 10 nM nicotine in the presence of 13.8 mM dextrose aggravated ER stress, increased cell death, increased cleaved caspase 3 and BID, and decreased BCL2.	Nicotine	105-113	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	212-221
33884179-10	2021	Although nicotine at concentrations up to 10 muM did not cause cell death, treatment of HCAEC with 10 nM nicotine in the presence of 13.8 mM dextrose aggravated ER stress, increased cell death, increased cleaved caspase 3 and BID, and decreased BCL2.	Nicotine	105-113	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	245-249
33542535-0	2021	Author Correction: A cytochrome c is the natural electron acceptor for nicotine oxidoreductase.	Nicotine	71-79	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	21-33
32281736-0	2021	Gene-based association analysis reveals involvement of LAMA5 and cell adhesion pathways in nicotine dependence in African- and European-American samples.	Nicotine	91-99	laminin subunit alpha 5	Homo sapiens	55-60
32281736-7	2021	Considering that LAMA5 is the most significant gene in cell adhesion-related pathways, we did in vitro functional analysis of this gene, which showed that nicotine significantly suppressed its mRNA expression in HEK293T cells (p < 0.001).	Nicotine	155-163	laminin subunit alpha 5	Homo sapiens	17-22
32281736-9	2021	Importantly, nicotine-induced cell migration was abolished in LAMA5-KO cells.	Nicotine	13-21	laminin subunit alpha 5	Homo sapiens	62-67
33731234-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that multivariate endophenotypes of decision-making (P3/delta) and cognitive/attentional control (theta/antisaccade error) relate to alcohol/nicotine, schizophrenia, and educational attainment PGSs and represent promising targets for future research.	Nicotine	172-180	solute carrier family 10 member 3	Homo sapiens	84-92
33539855-2	2021	In human populations, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) D398N in the gene CHRNA5 has been associated with addiction to nicotine, opioids, cocaine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
33859744-7	2021	In addition, carcinogens, such as nicotine and arecoline, trigger c-MYC-directed NRF2 activation in HNSCC cells.	Nicotine	34-42	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	18-26	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	76-89
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	18-26	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	91-95
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	263-271	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	76-89
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	263-271	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	91-95
32339332-0	2021	Repeated nicotine exposure increases the intracellular interaction between ERK-mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens more in adult than adolescent rats.	Nicotine	9-17	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
32339332-3	2021	The results showed that repeated exposure to nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for seven consecutive days increased ERK phosphorylation more in adults than in adolescents.	Nicotine	45-53	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
32339332-5	2021	Blockade of mGluR5 with MPEP (0.5 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increase in ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	68-76	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
32339332-6	2021	Either blockade of mGluR5 or inhibition of ERK with SL327 (150 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increase in the level of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3 ), a key transducer associated with mGluR5-coupled signaling cascades.	Nicotine	97-105	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
32339332-7	2021	Similarly, interference of binding between activated ERK and mGluR5 by the blocking peptide, Tat-mGluR5-i (2 nmol/side), decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increases in IP3 and locomotor activity in adults.	Nicotine	144-152	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
32339332-8	2021	These findings suggest that the intracellular interaction between ERK and mGluR5 in the NAc is stronger in adult than in adolescent rats, which enhances the understanding of age-associated behavioral changes that occur after repeated exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	246-254	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
33432238-0	2021	A cytochrome c is the natural electron acceptor for nicotine oxidoreductase.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	2-14
33380469-1	2021	Allelic variation in CHRNA3, the gene encoding the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, increases vulnerability to tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases, but little is known about the role for alpha3-containing (alpha3*) nAChRs in regulating the addiction-related behavioral or physiological actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	333-341	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	21-27
33626512-4	2021	Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1beta, IL-18, and gasdermin D.	Nicotine	54-62	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	195-200
33626512-4	2021	Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1beta, IL-18, and gasdermin D.	Nicotine	54-62	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	201-206
33626512-4	2021	Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1beta, IL-18, and gasdermin D.	Nicotine	54-62	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	271-280
33626512-5	2021	Nicotine intake by ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet recapitulated those phenotypes.	Nicotine	0-8	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	19-23
33626512-7	2021	Silencing TXNIP in vivo reversed the effects of nicotine on macrophage invasion and vascular injury.	Nicotine	48-56	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	10-15
33626512-10	2021	Therefore, targeting the TXNIP/NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway in macrophages may ameliorate nicotine-induced endothelial damage.	Nicotine	95-103	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	25-30
33626512-10	2021	Therefore, targeting the TXNIP/NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway in macrophages may ameliorate nicotine-induced endothelial damage.	Nicotine	95-103	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	31-36
33603170-0	2021	Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	56-64	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	125-130
33603170-3	2021	Here we report that nicotine enhances ESCC cancer malignancy and tumor-initiating capacity by interacting with cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) and subsequently activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	204-209
33380469-3	2021	We found that Chrna3tm1.1Hwrt hypomorphic mice, which express constitutively low levels of alpha3* nAChRs, self-administer greater quantities of nicotine (0.4 mg kg-1 per infusion) than their wild-type littermates.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	91-98
33380469-4	2021	Micro-infusion of a lentivirus vector to express a short-hairpin RNA into the mHb or IPn to knock down Chrna3 transcripts markedly increased nicotine self-administration behavior in rats (0.01-0.18 mg kg-1 per infusion).	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
33380469-5	2021	Using whole-cell recordings, we found that the alpha3beta4* nAChR-selective antagonist alpha-conotoxin AuIB almost completely abolished nicotine-evoked currents in mHb neurons.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
33380469-10	2021	We report that Chrna3 hypomorphic mice consume greater quantities of nicotine than wild-type mice and that knockdown of Chrna3 gene transcripts in the habenula or interpeduncular nucleus (IPn) increases nicotine intake in rats.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	120-126
33633548-4	2020	The nicotine-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and its effects on the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and XCT mRNA levels in prefrontal cortex were also analyzed.	Nicotine	4-12	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
33597315-14	2021	A hike in MDA and a reduction in SOD activity without change on CAT, were observed in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	90-98	catalase	Mus musculus	64-67
33708805-4	2021	Nicotine promotes oxidative inflammation, thrombosis, pathological angiogenesis, and vasoconstriction, and induces insulin resistance.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
33633548-7	2020	Nicotine downregulated GLT-1 and xCT gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, an effect reversed by N-acetylcysteine, while acetylsalicylic acid reversed the nicotine-induced downregulation of GLT-1 gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
33633548-7	2020	Nicotine downregulated GLT-1 and xCT gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, an effect reversed by N-acetylcysteine, while acetylsalicylic acid reversed the nicotine-induced downregulation of GLT-1 gene expression.	Nicotine	159-167	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
33633548-9	2020	Conclusion: Nicotine reinstatement, following post-deprivation of chronic oral nicotine intake, downregulates the mRNA levels of GLT-1 and xCT transporters, an effect reversed by the coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and acetylsalicylic acid, leading to a marked inhibition of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	12-20	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
33633548-9	2020	Conclusion: Nicotine reinstatement, following post-deprivation of chronic oral nicotine intake, downregulates the mRNA levels of GLT-1 and xCT transporters, an effect reversed by the coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and acetylsalicylic acid, leading to a marked inhibition of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	79-87	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
33633548-9	2020	Conclusion: Nicotine reinstatement, following post-deprivation of chronic oral nicotine intake, downregulates the mRNA levels of GLT-1 and xCT transporters, an effect reversed by the coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and acetylsalicylic acid, leading to a marked inhibition of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	280-288	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
33369277-0	2021	The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers.	Nicotine	90-98	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
33369277-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: The cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown in preclinical studies to be involved in nicotine reinforcement and relapse-like behavior.	Nicotine	106-114	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	30-42
33369277-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: The cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown in preclinical studies to be involved in nicotine reinforcement and relapse-like behavior.	Nicotine	106-114	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
33369277-2	2021	The common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2023239 may code for an alternative CB1R protein, alter CB1R expression, and be involved in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	142-150	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
33369277-3	2021	To date, no study has explored the relationship between this SNP in CB1R and specific phenotypes of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	100-108	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
33369277-4	2021	METHODS: The current study investigated the influence of CB1R rs2023239 in nicotine reinforcement and craving in regular cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	75-83	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
33369277-10	2021	CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that the variation in the CB1R (i.e., rs2023239 SNP) may play a larger role in nicotine reinforcement compared to cue reactivity.	Nicotine	129-137	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
33473115-5	2021	Moreover, natural compound, salidroside effectively abrogates nicotine-induced neutrophil polarization and consequently reduced lung metastasis of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	62-70	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	147-163
32676916-5	2021	Thus, NACHO and 14-3-3eta are potential physiological regulators of subunit stoichiometry, and are potential drug targets for re-balancing the stoichiometry in pathological conditions involving alpha4beta2 nAChRs such as nicotine dependence and epilepsy.	Nicotine	221-229	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta	Homo sapiens	6-25
33483563-5	2021	We also determined the structure of VAT-1 in the NADP-bound state at 2.6 A resolution and found that NADP binds the binding cleft to create a putative active site with the nicotine ring.	Nicotine	172-180	vesicle amine transport 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
33469865-12	2021	Interestingly, the inflammatory effects of TF-ECVC (w/wo nicotine) were inhibited following the caveolin-1 knockdown, thus demonstrating a critical role of caveolae raft-mediated signaling in eliciting inflammatory responses upon TF-ECVC challenge.	Nicotine	57-65	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	96-106
33215946-8	2021	CYP2E1 and CYP2A enzymes may contribute to the oxidative stress in the lungs caused by ethanol- and nicotine-metabolism, respectively.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
33191077-0	2021	Chronic nicotine, but not suramin or resveratrol, partially remediates the mania-like profile of dopamine transporter knockdown mice.	Nicotine	8-16	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	97-117
33536884-8	2020	Results: GLP-1Rs are located in reward-related areas, and GLP-1, its agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors are effective in decreasing palatable food intake, along with reducing cocaine, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine use in animals.	Nicotine	207-215	glucagon	Homo sapiens	9-14
33706940-0	2021	Effects of nicotine on DARPP-32 and CaMKII signaling relevant to addiction.	Nicotine	11-19	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	23-31
33706940-4	2021	Specifically, we review the roles of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phospho-protein of 32kDa (DARPP-32) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in nicotine-dependent behaviors.	Nicotine	154-162	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	37-90
33706940-4	2021	Specifically, we review the roles of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phospho-protein of 32kDa (DARPP-32) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in nicotine-dependent behaviors.	Nicotine	154-162	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	92-100
33321327-0	2021	Targeting HDAC6 attenuates nicotine-induced macrophage pyroptosis via NF-kappaB/NLRP3 pathway.	Nicotine	27-35	histone deacetylase 6	Mus musculus	10-15
33321327-3	2021	This study aimed to investigate the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in nicotine-induced macrophage pyroptosis.	Nicotine	77-85	histone deacetylase 6	Mus musculus	44-65
33321327-3	2021	This study aimed to investigate the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in nicotine-induced macrophage pyroptosis.	Nicotine	77-85	histone deacetylase 6	Mus musculus	67-72
33321327-4	2021	METHODS: For the in vivo study, nicotine was administered to 8-week-old ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks.	Nicotine	32-40	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	72-76
33321327-9	2021	Inhibition of HDAC6 suppressed nicotine-induced pyroptosis, which is partly mediated by p65 acetylation and NLRP3 transcription.	Nicotine	31-39	histone deacetylase 6	Mus musculus	14-19
33321327-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine induces macrophage pyroptosis in atherosclerosis through HDAC6/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	histone deacetylase 6	Mus musculus	79-84
33321327-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine induces macrophage pyroptosis in atherosclerosis through HDAC6/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	85-94
33352289-9	2021	Chronic nicotine administration led to an increase of microglial cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and increased expression levels of the cytokines TNFalpha and COX-2.	Nicotine	8-16	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-166
33203525-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Daily e-cig use may be associated with lower odds of quitting smoking among treatment-seeking smokers, particularly among those with lower nicotine dependence and who initiate daily use after beginning an intervention.	Nicotine	152-160	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
33165201-0	2020	Nicotine induces P2X4 receptor, interleukin-1 beta, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in BV2 microglia cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	32-50
33355840-8	2021	In addition, we showed that E-cigarettes vapor with and without nicotine induce MUC5AC expression via activation of MAPK (ERK 1/2 and p38) and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	64-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	122-129
33355840-8	2021	In addition, we showed that E-cigarettes vapor with and without nicotine induce MUC5AC expression via activation of MAPK (ERK 1/2 and p38) and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	64-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
33276105-4	2021	We found that U87MG and GBM5 cells express similar nAChR subtypes, and choline and nicotine increase their proliferation rate and activate the anti-apoptotic AKT and pro-proliferative ERK pathways.	Nicotine	83-91	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	158-161
33276105-4	2021	We found that U87MG and GBM5 cells express similar nAChR subtypes, and choline and nicotine increase their proliferation rate and activate the anti-apoptotic AKT and pro-proliferative ERK pathways.	Nicotine	83-91	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	184-187
33541678-0	2021	5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors as potential targets for the treatment of nicotine use and dependence.	Nicotine	70-78	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	0-6
33082140-5	2020	Compared to unexposed controls, nicotine increased NGF, FN1, ET-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression in human and mouse LFs and mouse lung homogenates.	Nicotine	32-40	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	51-54
33082140-5	2020	Compared to unexposed controls, nicotine increased NGF, FN1, ET-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression in human and mouse LFs and mouse lung homogenates.	Nicotine	32-40	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
33082140-5	2020	Compared to unexposed controls, nicotine increased NGF, FN1, ET-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression in human and mouse LFs and mouse lung homogenates.	Nicotine	32-40	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
33334005-0	2020	Salivary Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Alcohol- and Nicotine-Dependent Males.	Nicotine	60-68	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
32638534-9	2020	Nicotine decreased the IL-1beta-induced IL-6 and MMP expression, in a dose-dependent manner, in WT chondrocytes but not in Chrna7-/- chondrocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	40-44
33091441-8	2020	The PGC-1alphaUCP1 signals and brown-like genes were down-regulated at 26 weeks, but the microvascular density and the expression of pro-angiogenic factors reduced more at 4 weeks in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	187-195	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-18
33091441-9	2020	In vitro, 50 muM nicotine significantly decreased the expression of PGC-1alphaUCP1 signals and angiogenesis-related genes.	Nicotine	17-25	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-82
33091441-10	2020	In conclusion, maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation led to the "whitening" of BAT in adult female offspring: nicotine decreased BAT angiogenesis in the early development stage, and then, the impairment of blood vessels programed for the reduction of BAT phenotype through down-regulating the PGC-1alphaUCP1 signals in adulthood.	Nicotine	24-32	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	313-327
33091441-10	2020	In conclusion, maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation led to the "whitening" of BAT in adult female offspring: nicotine decreased BAT angiogenesis in the early development stage, and then, the impairment of blood vessels programed for the reduction of BAT phenotype through down-regulating the PGC-1alphaUCP1 signals in adulthood.	Nicotine	130-138	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	313-327
33091562-7	2020	Nicotine reversed the LPS-evoked modest rises in serum TNFalpha and IL-1beta while had no effect on associated arterial baroreflex dysfunction, inferring no roles for inflammation or baroreflexes in LPS-nicotine interaction.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	55-63
33091562-7	2020	Nicotine reversed the LPS-evoked modest rises in serum TNFalpha and IL-1beta while had no effect on associated arterial baroreflex dysfunction, inferring no roles for inflammation or baroreflexes in LPS-nicotine interaction.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	68-76
33091562-8	2020	Estrogen or aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), but not pentoxifylline (TNFalpha inhibitor), abolished LPS/nicotine hypotension.	Nicotine	104-112	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
33414685-10	2020	In addition, nicotine or nicotine plus HFD increased a subset of mammary cancer stem cells (MCSCs) and key adipose browning markers CD137 and TMEM26.	Nicotine	13-21	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9	Mus musculus	132-137
33414685-10	2020	In addition, nicotine or nicotine plus HFD increased a subset of mammary cancer stem cells (MCSCs) and key adipose browning markers CD137 and TMEM26.	Nicotine	13-21	transmembrane protein 26	Mus musculus	142-148
33414685-10	2020	In addition, nicotine or nicotine plus HFD increased a subset of mammary cancer stem cells (MCSCs) and key adipose browning markers CD137 and TMEM26.	Nicotine	25-33	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9	Mus musculus	132-137
33414685-10	2020	In addition, nicotine or nicotine plus HFD increased a subset of mammary cancer stem cells (MCSCs) and key adipose browning markers CD137 and TMEM26.	Nicotine	25-33	transmembrane protein 26	Mus musculus	142-148
32638534-9	2020	Nicotine decreased the IL-1beta-induced IL-6 and MMP expression, in a dose-dependent manner, in WT chondrocytes but not in Chrna7-/- chondrocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	49-52
32959891-14	2020	Additionally, the PKA inhibitor H89 and the TMEM16A (Ca2+ -activated chloride channel) inhibitor T16Ainh-A01 significantly reduced the nicotine-effect.	Nicotine	135-143	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	44-51
33123372-3	2020	In the present study, the association between an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE and nicotine dependence amongst patients with lung cancer was assessed.	Nicotine	98-106	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	90-93
32976884-9	2020	It positively regulated nicotine, NNK, NNN, and BaP induced proliferation, survival and migration of lung cancer cells possibly via Akt/STAT-3 signaling.	Nicotine	24-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
32976884-9	2020	It positively regulated nicotine, NNK, NNN, and BaP induced proliferation, survival and migration of lung cancer cells possibly via Akt/STAT-3 signaling.	Nicotine	24-32	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	136-142
33253222-1	2020	The pathway from the medial habenular nucleus to the interpeduncular nucleus, in which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) including the alpha3 and alpha5 subunits (alpha3 * and alpha5 * nAChRs) are expressed, is implicated in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	232-240	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-119
32815115-5	2020	Furthermore, chronic exposure to nicotine enhanced the PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways and increased BDNF expression in the DG of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	33-41	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	60-63
32815115-5	2020	Furthermore, chronic exposure to nicotine enhanced the PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways and increased BDNF expression in the DG of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	33-41	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	68-71
32815115-5	2020	Furthermore, chronic exposure to nicotine enhanced the PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways and increased BDNF expression in the DG of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	33-41	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	72-76
32815115-8	2020	Taken together, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine rescues depressive-like behavior via alpha7-type nAChR through the activation of both PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways in CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	57-65	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	157-160
32815115-8	2020	Taken together, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine rescues depressive-like behavior via alpha7-type nAChR through the activation of both PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways in CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	57-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	165-168
32815115-8	2020	Taken together, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine rescues depressive-like behavior via alpha7-type nAChR through the activation of both PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways in CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	57-65	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	169-173
33329709-0	2020	Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of Drug Transporter ABCB1 (MDR1) and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP2A6, CYP2B6 on Nicotine Addiction and Smoking Cessation.	Nicotine	112-120	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
33329709-0	2020	Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of Drug Transporter ABCB1 (MDR1) and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP2A6, CYP2B6 on Nicotine Addiction and Smoking Cessation.	Nicotine	112-120	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	185-194
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	206-211
32920289-11	2020	In rats, oral GRd reversed the reduction NO and enhanced Ang II production in serum induced by nicotine administration, and HE staining revealed protection of aortic endothelial cells.	Nicotine	95-103	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
33253222-7	2020	The inhibition of alpha3 *, alpha5 *, alpha7 nAChR and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by using siRNAs and selective antagonists revealed the involvement of these nAChR subunits and channels in nicotine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation.	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
33203793-6	2020	In mice exposed to nicotine, ACE2 was not changed in olfactory bulbs but in the lungs, ACE2 was upregulated in females and downregulated in males.	Nicotine	19-27	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	29-33
33217889-5	2020	In the shower cubicle test, nicotine concentrations in indoor air using three types of HTP, namely IQOS, glo, and ploomTECH, were 25.9-257 mug/m3.	Nicotine	28-36	peroxisomal (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	105-108
33230755-7	2020	SBP/DBP increased in most nicotine e-cig arms, in some non-nicotine e-cig arms, and in none of the placebo arms.	Nicotine	26-34	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	4-7
33230755-9	2020	The use of e-cigs with and without nicotine may result in short-term elevations of both SBP and DBP.	Nicotine	35-43	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	96-99
33203793-6	2020	In mice exposed to nicotine, ACE2 was not changed in olfactory bulbs but in the lungs, ACE2 was upregulated in females and downregulated in males.	Nicotine	19-27	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	87-91
32835699-7	2020	A significant upregulation in mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MCP-1, and caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 was found in the PE-like rats compared to the control animals, the immunoreactivity of placental MCP-1, TNFR1, and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, Bax) was also enhanced; nicotine treatment significantly reversed those changes.	Nicotine	313-321	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
33380611-7	2020	In contrast, activation of splenic sympathetic nerve by nicotine treatment resulted in the enhancement of tissue ROS level and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the spleen of ND offspring; these molecular events were attenuated by treatment with a ROS scavenger, tempol.	Nicotine	56-64	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	141-144
32885978-0	2020	Electrospun alpha-lactalbumin nanofibers for site-specific and fast-onset delivery of nicotine in the oral cavity: an in vitro, ex vivo and tissue spatial distribution study.	Nicotine	86-94	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	12-29
32885978-2	2020	Here, we demonstrate that alpha-lactalbumin/polyethylene oxide (ALA/PEO) electrospun nanofibers constitute an efficient oromucosal delivery system for fast-onset nicotine delivery of high relevance for acute dosing NRT applications.	Nicotine	162-170	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	26-43
33002592-0	2020	Nicotine-mediated upregulation of microRNA-141 expression determines adipokine-intervened insulin resistance.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 141	Rattus norvegicus	34-46
33002592-8	2020	Higher doses of nicotine were associated with higher glucose, HbA1c, leptin, IL-6, MDA and lipids levels, while, insulin, adiponectin, G6PDH, hexokinase and HDL levels were lower.	Nicotine	16-24	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
33002592-9	2020	Higher doses of nicotine also impaired glucose tolerance and exhibited significant increase in miR-141 expression signifying that nicotine exposure may influence adipokines regulation altering glycemic profile.	Nicotine	130-138	microRNA 141	Rattus norvegicus	95-102
33002592-9	2020	Higher doses of nicotine also impaired glucose tolerance and exhibited significant increase in miR-141 expression signifying that nicotine exposure may influence adipokines regulation altering glycemic profile.	Nicotine	16-24	microRNA 141	Rattus norvegicus	95-102
33004014-6	2020	Among them SPATS2L, ZEB2, KCHN8, and MRPL13 which have been previously connected to psychiatric disorders with the latter two being responsive to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	146-154	spermatogenesis associated serine rich 2 like	Gallus gallus	11-18
33182055-7	2020	RESULTS: RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the expression of YAP1/TAZ and Notch1/Dll1 was upregulated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase	Mus musculus	79-82
32440821-6	2020	The results showed that the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in synaptic vesicle cycle, nicotine addiction, and GABAergic synapse, whereas the upregulated genes were enriched in the cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and cellular senescence.	Nicotine	96-104	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	202-205
32738310-0	2020	Genetic susceptibility to nicotine addiction: Advances and shortcomings in our understanding of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster contribution.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-112
33038243-0	2020	Melon with a Twist: A Case of Nicotine Overdose After Ingestion and Aspiration of Vape Liquid.	Nicotine	30-38	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
32841926-0	2020	Exposure to tobacco smoke measured by urinary nicotine metabolites increases risk of p16/Ki-67 co-expression and high-grade cervical neoplasia in HPV positive women: A two year prospective study.	Nicotine	46-54	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	85-88
32841926-3	2020	We examined the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke, measured using urinary nicotine metabolite concentrations, and p16/Ki-67 co-expression in cervical smears and subsequent risk of developing CIN2+/CIN3+ lesions in HPV positive women.	Nicotine	87-95	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	127-130
33010382-9	2020	Furthermore, 3MA reversed both the nicotine-induced decrease in Bcl-2 and the increase in Bax in both groups.	Nicotine	35-43	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	64-69
32707263-5	2020	Nicotine acts directly at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) to have its pharmacological effect.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
33004014-6	2020	Among them SPATS2L, ZEB2, KCHN8, and MRPL13 which have been previously connected to psychiatric disorders with the latter two being responsive to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	146-154	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2	Gallus gallus	20-24
32559759-2	2020	Considerable research has suggested that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays a key role in nicotine dependence, with its functional connections between other brain regions altered as a function of trait addiction and state withdrawal.	Nicotine	105-113	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	79-83
32820905-0	2020	Nicotine promotes WRL68 cells proliferation due to the mutant p53 gain-of-function by activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	62-65
32767216-0	2020	Nicotine Alleviates Cortical Neuronal Injury by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Upregulating Neuronal PI3K-AKT Signaling in an Eclampsia-Like Seizure Model.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
32767216-10	2020	Moreover, nicotine increased p-AKT levels and decreased cleaved caspase-3 levels in cortical neurons.	Nicotine	10-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
32767216-10	2020	Moreover, nicotine increased p-AKT levels and decreased cleaved caspase-3 levels in cortical neurons.	Nicotine	10-18	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	64-73
32767216-13	2020	Our results suggest that nicotine protects against neuronal injury in the cortex following eclampsia possibly by inhibiting neuroinflammation and activating neuronal PI3K-AKT pathway.	Nicotine	25-33	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	171-174
32820905-0	2020	Nicotine promotes WRL68 cells proliferation due to the mutant p53 gain-of-function by activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	97-101
32820905-0	2020	Nicotine promotes WRL68 cells proliferation due to the mutant p53 gain-of-function by activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	102-105
32820905-6	2020	Also remarkably, nicotine induced the level of p53 mutation at Ser249 (p53-RS).	Nicotine	17-25	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	47-50
32820905-6	2020	Also remarkably, nicotine induced the level of p53 mutation at Ser249 (p53-RS).	Nicotine	17-25	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	71-74
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	31-35
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	81-84
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	337-345	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	31-35
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	337-345	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	81-84
32820905-9	2020	Simply put, these findings indicated that nicotine induces mutant p53 gain-of function (GOF), activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation, which could contribute to HCC for smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	66-69
32820905-9	2020	Simply put, these findings indicated that nicotine induces mutant p53 gain-of function (GOF), activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation, which could contribute to HCC for smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	105-109
32820905-9	2020	Simply put, these findings indicated that nicotine induces mutant p53 gain-of function (GOF), activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation, which could contribute to HCC for smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	110-113
32707052-11	2020	RESULTS: The CMD were confirmed in the nicotine-exposed rats that exhibited lower body weight, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, glucose intolerance, increased cardiac and renal TG, TG/HDL-cholesterol, UA, lactate, lipid peroxidation, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, LDH, CK, ADA and XO activities.	Nicotine	39-47	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	246-272
32957649-0	2020	Low-Dose Nicotine Activates EGFR Signaling via alpha5-nAChR and Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression.	Nicotine	9-17	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	28-32
32957649-0	2020	Low-Dose Nicotine Activates EGFR Signaling via alpha5-nAChR and Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
32957649-7	2020	In LAC cell lines alpha 5-nAChR interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), positively regulates EGFR pathway, enhances the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, and is essential for low-dose nicotine-induced EGFR phosphorylation.	Nicotine	223-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
32957649-8	2020	Functionally, low-dose nicotine requires alpha 5-nAChR to enhance cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
32957649-11	2020	Our data identified alpha 5-nAChR as an essential mediator for low-dose nicotine-dependent LAC progression possibly through signaling crosstalk with EGFR, supporting the involvement of environmental smoke in tumor progression in LAC patients.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
32957649-11	2020	Our data identified alpha 5-nAChR as an essential mediator for low-dose nicotine-dependent LAC progression possibly through signaling crosstalk with EGFR, supporting the involvement of environmental smoke in tumor progression in LAC patients.	Nicotine	72-80	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	149-153
32663572-5	2020	Mechanistically, nicotine exposure markedly increased cleaved Caspase 3 and cleaved Caspase 9 indicating the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathway (mitochondrial cell death pathway).	Nicotine	17-25	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	84-93
32325354-7	2020	Of note, we found that melatonin ameliorated nicotine-induced oocyte damage and increased the expression of MnSOD, which decreased the production of nicotine-induced intracellular ROS.	Nicotine	149-157	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	108-113
32894161-0	2020	A nicotine-induced positive feedback loop between HIF1A and YAP1 contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	2-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	50-55
32894161-8	2020	In term of mechanism, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1A promoted YAP1 nuclear localization and YAP1 transactivation by directly binding to the hypoxia responsive elements of the YAP1 promoter upon nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	196-204	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	22-54
32894161-9	2020	Nicotine stimulated HIF1A and YAP1 expression by activating cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 (CHRNA7).	Nicotine	0-8	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	20-25
32894161-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that YAP1 enhances nicotine-stimulated EMT and tumor progression of PDAC through a HIF1A/YAP1 positive feedback loop.	Nicotine	55-63	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	119-124
31330570-1	2020	Nicotine self-administration is associated with decreased expression of the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1) and the cystine-glutamate exchange protein xCT within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore).	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
31330570-4	2020	Here, we confirm that extinction of nicotine-seeking behavior is associated with impaired NAcore GLT-1 function and expression and demonstrates that reinstatement of nicotine seeking rapidly enhances membrane fraction GLT-1 expression.	Nicotine	36-44	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
31330570-4	2020	Here, we confirm that extinction of nicotine-seeking behavior is associated with impaired NAcore GLT-1 function and expression and demonstrates that reinstatement of nicotine seeking rapidly enhances membrane fraction GLT-1 expression.	Nicotine	166-174	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	218-223
31330570-5	2020	Extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking was also associated with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the NAcore.	Nicotine	44-52	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	96-123
31330570-5	2020	Extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking was also associated with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the NAcore.	Nicotine	44-52	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-133
31330570-8	2020	NAC treatment rescued NAcore GLT-1 expression and attenuated cue-induced nicotine seeking, which was blocked by GLT-1 antisense.	Nicotine	73-81	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
31330570-10	2020	Viral manipulation of the NF-kappaB pathway, which is downstream of TNFalpha, revealed that cue-induced nicotine seeking is regulated by NF-kappaB pathway signaling in the NAcore independent of GLT-1 expression.	Nicotine	104-112	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-76
32496556-6	2020	Nicotine skewed the polarity of microglia to the M2 phenotype, thereby increasing the secretion of IGF-1 and CCL20, which promoted tumor progression and stemness.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
32496556-7	2020	Importantly, nicotine enhanced the expression of SIRPalpha in microglia and restricted their phagocytic ability.	Nicotine	13-21	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	49-58
32540646-7	2020	Data showed that estrogen-progestin treatment or nicotine exposure caused IR, hyperinsulinemia, increased cardiac and renal uric acid, malondialdehyde, triglyceride, glycogen synthase kinase-3, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, reduced bilirubin and circulating estradiol.	Nicotine	49-57	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-227
32649943-4	2020	Nicotine inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 and TOV112D OC cells, which have TP53 mutation and wild-type KRAS, but did not inhibit the proliferation of TOV21G or HEY OC cells, which have KRAS mutation and wild-type TP53.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	79-83
32649943-5	2020	Exposure to nicotine for 96 h led to a significant reduction in the amounts of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in SKOV3 cells, and in activated ERK in TOV112D cells.	Nicotine	12-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	89-126
32649943-5	2020	Exposure to nicotine for 96 h led to a significant reduction in the amounts of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in SKOV3 cells, and in activated ERK in TOV112D cells.	Nicotine	12-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	128-131
32649943-5	2020	Exposure to nicotine for 96 h led to a significant reduction in the amounts of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in SKOV3 cells, and in activated ERK in TOV112D cells.	Nicotine	12-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	226-229
32152934-3	2020	In this sense, the CHRNA5 gene has been associated with nicotine (with genome-wide significance), alcohol and cocaine addictions.	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-25
32360868-4	2020	The primary goal of this review is to introduce and summarize current literature surrounding the role of MCH in modulating the intake and reinforcement of commonly abused drugs, such as alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine and opiates.	Nicotine	217-225	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	105-108
32476165-0	2020	The role of pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide in affective signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	84-92	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	12-61
32476165-1	2020	Recent evidence implicates endogenous pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the aversive effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	122-130	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	38-87
32476165-1	2020	Recent evidence implicates endogenous pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the aversive effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	122-130	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	89-94
32476165-10	2020	These results suggest that endogenous PACAP is involved in affective signs of nicotine withdrawal, but there is a sex-related difference in this response.	Nicotine	78-86	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	38-43
32765304-13	2020	Conclusion: Based on our data, melatonin exerts a beneficial effect on rats with nicotine-related AAA by downregulating the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, improving autophagy dysfunction, and restoring the VSMC phenotype.	Nicotine	81-89	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
32473187-4	2020	The senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) assay showed that nicotine exposure induced apparent senescence phenotype of beta-TC-6 cells at an initiating dose of 100 muM and starting from 12 h. In addition, 100 and 500 muM of nicotine exposure altered the expression of senescence marker proteins, such as p16, p19 and p21.	Nicotine	77-85	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Mus musculus	321-324
32850233-12	2020	Nicotine causes a decrease in the absorption of subcutaneous insulin, but its effect has not been seen on inhaled insulin.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	88-96	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	188-191
32669976-8	2020	Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	34-44
32669976-8	2020	Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression.	Nicotine	0-8	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	49-53
32669976-9	2020	After specific knockdown of alpha7-nAChRs and inhibition of the PI3/AKT signal, the effect of nicotine on SNCG expression was attenuated.	Nicotine	94-102	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 1C	Mus musculus	64-67
32669976-9	2020	After specific knockdown of alpha7-nAChRs and inhibition of the PI3/AKT signal, the effect of nicotine on SNCG expression was attenuated.	Nicotine	94-102	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	68-71
32669976-9	2020	After specific knockdown of alpha7-nAChRs and inhibition of the PI3/AKT signal, the effect of nicotine on SNCG expression was attenuated.	Nicotine	94-102	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	106-110
32669976-10	2020	Silencing of SNCG abolished nicotine-induced invasion and migration of OSCC cells.	Nicotine	28-36	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	13-17
32669976-11	2020	The xenotransplantation model revealed that nicotine augmented tumor growth and SNCG expression.	Nicotine	44-52	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	80-84
32669976-12	2020	Conclusion: Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the alpha7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.	Nicotine	12-20	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	33-37
32669976-12	2020	Conclusion: Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the alpha7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.	Nicotine	12-20	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	85-88
32669976-12	2020	Conclusion: Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the alpha7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.	Nicotine	124-132	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	33-37
32669976-12	2020	Conclusion: Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the alpha7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.	Nicotine	124-132	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	85-88
32669976-0	2020	Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy.	Nicotine	27-35	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	0-15
32669976-2	2020	This study tested the hypothesis that SNCG is involved in nicotine-induced malignant behaviors of OSCC.	Nicotine	58-66	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	38-42
32669976-3	2020	The effect of nicotine on SNCG expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were examined.	Nicotine	14-22	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	26-30
32669976-5	2020	Knockdown of SNCG in nicotine-treated cells was performed to investigate the role of SNCG in cancer malignancy.	Nicotine	21-29	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	13-17
32669976-7	2020	Results: Nicotine increased SNCG expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	9-17	synuclein, gamma	Mus musculus	28-32
32659920-6	2020	Among them, we recently identified a receptor heteromer containing the nAChR and the D3R as the molecular effector of nicotine-mediated neurotrophic effects.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	88-96	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	290-293
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	88-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	298-304
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	158-166	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	188-191
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	158-166	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	290-293
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	158-166	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	298-304
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	158-166	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	188-191
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	158-166	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	290-293
32361056-5	2020	Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	158-166	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	298-304
32248717-7	2020	VEGF was assayed in U937 cell line supernatant using ELISA method.Key results: Both nicotine and ARR17779 inhibited FLS and U937 cell proliferation.	Nicotine	84-92	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	0-4
32304995-7	2020	Tracheas from mice with genetic deletion of nAChR subunits alpha5, alpha7, alpha9, alpha10, alpha9/10, and beta2 retained full PTS response to nicotine, whereas this was entirely lost in tracheas from mice lacking the beta4-subunit.	Nicotine	143-151	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	107-112
32265369-4	2020	Wire myography was used to measure vasoreactivity and indicated that nicotine-induced relaxation was sensitive to tetrodotoxin and lidocaine and drastically reduced levels of guanethidine (an adrenergic neuronal blocker), N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), CGRP8-37, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)6-28, capsaicin, capsazepine (a transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 inhibitor), and tetraethylammonium.	Nicotine	69-77	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	260-293
32265369-4	2020	Wire myography was used to measure vasoreactivity and indicated that nicotine-induced relaxation was sensitive to tetrodotoxin and lidocaine and drastically reduced levels of guanethidine (an adrenergic neuronal blocker), N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), CGRP8-37, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)6-28, capsaicin, capsazepine (a transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 inhibitor), and tetraethylammonium.	Nicotine	69-77	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	295-298
33184579-10	2020	Stimulation of nAChR with nicotine did not ameliorate TNF-alpha induced permeability nor alter 70 kDa dextran transport.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
32552811-6	2020	Sub-chronic e-cig exposure with nicotine increased inflammatory cellular influx of macrophages and T-lymphocytes including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased SARS-Cov-2 Covid-19 ACE2 receptor, whereas nAChRalpha7 KO mice show reduced inflammatory responses associated with decreased ACE2 receptor.	Nicotine	32-40	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	307-311
32113805-7	2020	Melamine and nicotine increased CYP19A1, melamine increased UGT and GST, PhIP with ethanol decreased CYP19A1 and increased GST, and PhIP with buprenorphine decreased CAT.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	32-39
32526913-1	2020	The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel expressed on capsaicin-sensitive afferents, immune and endothelial cells is activated by inflammatory mediators and exogenous irritants, e.g., endotoxins, nicotine, crotonaldehyde and acrolein.	Nicotine	221-229	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	51-65
32276728-9	2020	Nicotine 1 muM down-regulated cardiac progenitor cell, mesoderm cell, smooth muscle cell and neural crest cell relatively.	Nicotine	0-8	latexin	Homo sapiens	11-14
31925927-6	2020	RESULTS: Nicotine inhibits the increase in TXNIP and the decrease in Insulin 1/proinsulin expression levels induced by either forced IRE1alpha hyperactivation or ER stress agents.	Nicotine	9-17	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	43-48
31925927-6	2020	RESULTS: Nicotine inhibits the increase in TXNIP and the decrease in Insulin 1/proinsulin expression levels induced by either forced IRE1alpha hyperactivation or ER stress agents.	Nicotine	9-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-89
31925927-9	2020	The effects of nicotine on attenuating TXNIP and preserving Insulin 1 expression levels were attenuated by pharmacological and genetical inhibition of alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	15-23	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	39-44
31925927-9	2020	The effects of nicotine on attenuating TXNIP and preserving Insulin 1 expression levels were attenuated by pharmacological and genetical inhibition of alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
31837232-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Across a 24h-period in a hospital setting in the US, nicotine exposure for dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes was similar when using cigarettes or variable-power tank devices only but was lower for those using cig-a-like or fixed power devices only.	Nicotine	66-74	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
32191315-2	2020	A series of metabolic and transport genes involved in the nicotine pathway are coordinately upregulated by a pair of jasmonate-responsive AP2/ERF-family transcription factors, NtERF189 and NtERF199, in the roots of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco).	Nicotine	58-66	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	176-184
32198107-12	2020	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	116-134
32198107-12	2020	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
32198107-12	2020	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.	Nicotine	13-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	147-174
32198107-12	2020	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.	Nicotine	13-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	176-185
32198107-12	2020	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	257-262
32370298-10	2020	Further treatment of these macrophages with nicotine or HLE extracts caused higher inflammatory response (increased iNOS (M1), TNF-alpha, IL-6, and M1/M2 ratio, p < 0.05), increased MAP burden, and decreased apoptosis.	Nicotine	44-52	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-136
32547713-9	2020	METHODS: We studied human adrenocortical zona glomerulosa H295R cells and found that nicotine and cotinine upregulate betaarrestin1 mRNA and protein levels, thereby enhancing AngII-dependent aldosterone synthesis and secretion.	Nicotine	85-93	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	118-131
32547713-9	2020	METHODS: We studied human adrenocortical zona glomerulosa H295R cells and found that nicotine and cotinine upregulate betaarrestin1 mRNA and protein levels, thereby enhancing AngII-dependent aldosterone synthesis and secretion.	Nicotine	85-93	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	175-180
32547713-10	2020	RESULTS: In contrast, siRNA-mediated betaarrestin1 knockdown reversed the effects of nicotine on AngII-induced aldosterone production in H295R cells.	Nicotine	85-93	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-50
32547713-10	2020	RESULTS: In contrast, siRNA-mediated betaarrestin1 knockdown reversed the effects of nicotine on AngII-induced aldosterone production in H295R cells.	Nicotine	85-93	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
32702718-6	2020	Sub-chronic e-cig exposure with nicotine increased the inflammatory cellular influx of macrophages and T-lymphocytes including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased ACE2 Covid-19 receptor, whereas nAChR alpha7 KO mice show reduced inflammatory responses associated with decreased ACE2 receptor.	Nicotine	32-40	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	186-190
32702718-6	2020	Sub-chronic e-cig exposure with nicotine increased the inflammatory cellular influx of macrophages and T-lymphocytes including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased ACE2 Covid-19 receptor, whereas nAChR alpha7 KO mice show reduced inflammatory responses associated with decreased ACE2 receptor.	Nicotine	32-40	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	301-305
32113032-2	2020	This receptor plays a critical role in nicotine addiction, with potential smoking cessation therapeutics producing modulation of alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
32408505-2	2020	Robust evidence from animal models suggests that agonists at both the PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma isoforms can reduce both positive and negative reinforcing properties of ethanol, nicotine, opioids, and possibly psychostimulants.	Nicotine	178-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-95
32408505-7	2020	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone showed some promise in reducing heroin, nicotine, and cocaine craving in two human laboratory studies and one pilot trial, yet other outcomes were unaffected.	Nicotine	76-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
31403667-8	2020	By real-time PCR test, the mRNA of alpha 4 nAChR and beta 2 nAChR in rats given nicotine increased significantly compared with ischemic rats and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA (all ps < .05).	Nicotine	80-88	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Rattus norvegicus	35-59
31403667-8	2020	By real-time PCR test, the mRNA of alpha 4 nAChR and beta 2 nAChR in rats given nicotine increased significantly compared with ischemic rats and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA (all ps < .05).	Nicotine	80-88	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	155-164
31403667-8	2020	By real-time PCR test, the mRNA of alpha 4 nAChR and beta 2 nAChR in rats given nicotine increased significantly compared with ischemic rats and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA (all ps < .05).	Nicotine	80-88	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	166-174
31403667-8	2020	By real-time PCR test, the mRNA of alpha 4 nAChR and beta 2 nAChR in rats given nicotine increased significantly compared with ischemic rats and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA (all ps < .05).	Nicotine	80-88	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
32370298-10	2020	Further treatment of these macrophages with nicotine or HLE extracts caused higher inflammatory response (increased iNOS (M1), TNF-alpha, IL-6, and M1/M2 ratio, p < 0.05), increased MAP burden, and decreased apoptosis.	Nicotine	44-52	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	138-142
32186760-0	2020	Rat bone mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative effects on nicotine-exposed T cells via iNOS production.	Nicotine	67-75	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
31883107-6	2020	The reduction in nicotine self-administration was blocked by AM630, a selective CB2R antagonist, but not by AM251, a selective CB1R antagonist, suggesting the involvement of a CB2R mechanism.	Nicotine	17-25	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	80-84
31883107-6	2020	The reduction in nicotine self-administration was blocked by AM630, a selective CB2R antagonist, but not by AM251, a selective CB1R antagonist, suggesting the involvement of a CB2R mechanism.	Nicotine	17-25	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	176-180
31883107-7	2020	Genetic deletion of CB2Rs in CB2-knockout mice blocked the reduction in nicotine self-administration produced only by low doses, but not high doses, of BCP, suggesting the involvement of both CB2 and non-CB2 receptor mechanisms.	Nicotine	72-80	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	20-23
31883107-7	2020	Genetic deletion of CB2Rs in CB2-knockout mice blocked the reduction in nicotine self-administration produced only by low doses, but not high doses, of BCP, suggesting the involvement of both CB2 and non-CB2 receptor mechanisms.	Nicotine	72-80	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	29-32
31883107-7	2020	Genetic deletion of CB2Rs in CB2-knockout mice blocked the reduction in nicotine self-administration produced only by low doses, but not high doses, of BCP, suggesting the involvement of both CB2 and non-CB2 receptor mechanisms.	Nicotine	72-80	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	29-32
31821553-9	2020	Furthermore, nicotine exposure promoted autophosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and serine 831 phosphorylation of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1.	Nicotine	13-21	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-219
31821553-9	2020	Furthermore, nicotine exposure promoted autophosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and serine 831 phosphorylation of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1.	Nicotine	13-21	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-234
32186760-9	2020	BMSCs inhibited the proliferation of nicotine-exposed T cells, which was associated with iNOS expression in BMSCs and decreased STAT5 phosphorylation in T cells.	Nicotine	37-45	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
32186760-9	2020	BMSCs inhibited the proliferation of nicotine-exposed T cells, which was associated with iNOS expression in BMSCs and decreased STAT5 phosphorylation in T cells.	Nicotine	37-45	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
32373212-4	2020	Methods: ApoE-/- mice were administered nicotine in their drinking water for 12 weeks.	Nicotine	40-48	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	9-13
32184221-2	2020	Human genome-wide association studies have linked polymorphisms in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, coding for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4nAChR subunits, to nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-77
32184221-11	2020	These data indicate that beta4 is a critical modulator of reward-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human genetic studies have provided strong evidence for a relationship between variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	240-248	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	202-208
32174265-0	2020	Nicotine-induced upregulation of miR-132-5p enhances cell survival in PC12 cells by targeting the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
32174265-7	2020	Immunoblotting revealed a >2-fold increase in phosphorylation of CREB with nicotine, peaking at 4 h. Nicotine treatment of cells increased viability from 35% to 54%, and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity increased by 1.4-fold.	Nicotine	75-83	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
32368126-0	2020	Nicotine-Free e-Cigarette Vapor Exposure Stimulates IL6 and Mucin Production in Human Primary Small Airway Epithelial Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	52-55
32368126-7	2020	Results: Unlike the nicotine-containing e-vapor, nicotine-free e-vapor significantly increased the amount of IL6, which was coupled with increased levels of intracellular MUC5AC protein.	Nicotine	49-57	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	109-112
32368126-8	2020	Importantly, a neutralizing IL6 antibody (vs an IgG isotype control) significantly inhibited the production of MUC5AC induced by nicotine-free e-vapor.	Nicotine	129-137	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	28-31
32373212-8	2020	Results: Nicotine treatment resulted in larger atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice.	Nicotine	9-17	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	74-78
32293200-10	2020	In addition to differences in offspring behavior, maternal e-cigarette exposure with nicotine led to a reduction in interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in the diencephalon, as well as lower levels of hippocampal IFNgamma (females only).	Nicotine	85-93	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	139-155
32242247-2	2020	Downregulation of ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and aspartate oxidase resulted in viable plants with a significantly lower nicotine content.	Nicotine	142-150	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	43-65
32242247-9	2020	Down-regulation in arginine decarboxylase, aspartate oxidase, and ornithine decarboxylase consistently resulted in lower levels of nicotine in the leaves of the corresponding plants.	Nicotine	131-139	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	19-41
32242247-11	2020	The amount of putrescine, the main polyamine related to nicotine biosynthesis, showed a qualitative correlation with the nicotine content in the arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase RNAi-expressing transformants.	Nicotine	121-129	arginine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	145-167
31887290-5	2020	AN6001 mediated increases in both nicotine potency and efficacy at the human alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3V9"S nAChR in HEK293 cells, and it positively modulated ACh-evoked currents through both alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3V9"S and a concatenated beta3-alpha6-beta2-alpha6-beta2 receptor in Xenopus oocytes, displaying EC50 values of 0.58 microM and 0.40 microM, respectively.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
32293200-10	2020	In addition to differences in offspring behavior, maternal e-cigarette exposure with nicotine led to a reduction in interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in the diencephalon, as well as lower levels of hippocampal IFNgamma (females only).	Nicotine	85-93	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	157-165
32293200-10	2020	In addition to differences in offspring behavior, maternal e-cigarette exposure with nicotine led to a reduction in interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in the diencephalon, as well as lower levels of hippocampal IFNgamma (females only).	Nicotine	85-93	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	227-235
32146343-0	2020	Nicotine inhibits expression of Prrx1 in pituitary stem/progenitor cells through epigenetic regulation, leading to a delayed supply of growth-hormone-producing cells.	Nicotine	0-8	paired related homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
32146343-6	2020	On the other hand, nicotine inhibited expression of a progenitor cell marker, Prrx1, and growth hormone (Gh).	Nicotine	19-27	paired related homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
32146343-7	2020	Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the SOX2-positive cells positive for PRRX1 in nicotine-treated groups decreased to 61% (4-week-old) and 70% (8-week-old) of the saline-treated controls.	Nicotine	87-95	paired related homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
32146343-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: We show that persistent nicotine exposure in young animals inhibits expression of Prrx1 in pituitary stem/progenitor cells through epigenetic regulation, leading to a delayed supply of GH-producing cells.	Nicotine	37-45	paired related homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
31721620-7	2020	Subsequent western blotting results showed that nicotine induced increase in the levels of LC3B-II and Beclin1, and decreased SQSTM1/p62 in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	48-56	sequestosome 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32235384-3	2020	Subchronic nicotine administration decreased Cx43 expression of wild-type, but did not affect that of S286L-TG; however, zonisamide (ZNS) decreased Cx43 in both wild-type and S286L-TG.	Nicotine	11-19	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
31866132-3	2020	The developed methodology was applied to monitor urine samples from 86 volunteers having different smoking habits, where nicotine and cotinine were quantified in the range from 23.6 to 2612.6 mug L-1.	Nicotine	121-129	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	196-199
31953160-0	2020	Nicotine promotes activation of human pancreatic stellate cells through inducing autophagy via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	121-126
31935534-8	2020	Co-treatment of cisplatin and nicotine attenuated the effect of cisplatin on Bcl-2 expression.	Nicotine	30-38	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	77-82
31935534-9	2020	In addition, the effect of nicotine on cell survival under cisplatin treatment was attenuated with the addition of the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737.	Nicotine	27-35	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	119-124
32001831-8	2020	Furthermore, prolonged nicotine exposure interferes with p53 function triggered by sodium arsenite.	Nicotine	23-31	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	57-60
32001831-10	2020	CONCLUSION: The data suggest that nicotine treatment, by perturbing intracellular redox state and altering p53 function, can create a pro-tumorigenic environment in lung epithelium.	Nicotine	34-42	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	107-110
31655012-6	2020	Several factors including stress, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, glutamate, nicotine, glucose, hypoglycemia stimulate the expression of Hcrt/orexin system, but it is inhibited by ageing, bone morphogenetic protein, hypoxia/hypercapnia, melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 and glucagon.	Nicotine	79-87	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
31655012-6	2020	Several factors including stress, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, glutamate, nicotine, glucose, hypoglycemia stimulate the expression of Hcrt/orexin system, but it is inhibited by ageing, bone morphogenetic protein, hypoxia/hypercapnia, melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 and glucagon.	Nicotine	79-87	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	144-150
31783125-0	2020	Nicotine directly affects milk production in lactating mammary epithelial cells concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor in vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	124-147
31783125-9	2020	Nicotine at 1.0 muM directly inhibited alpha- and beta-casein secretion in lactating MECs concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor without affecting the TJ barrier.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	134-157
31783125-10	2020	Nicotine treatment also induced MEC apoptosis concurrently with inactivation of Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	80-83
32190681-9	2020	Results: After nicotine exposure, alveolar mean linear intercept (MLI) increased, but mean alveolar number (MAN) decreased and lung PPARgamma level decreased, but glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and serum corticosterone (Cort) levels increased, in line with the known PNE-induced lung phenotype.	Nicotine	15-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	132-141
32190681-9	2020	Results: After nicotine exposure, alveolar mean linear intercept (MLI) increased, but mean alveolar number (MAN) decreased and lung PPARgamma level decreased, but glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and serum corticosterone (Cort) levels increased, in line with the known PNE-induced lung phenotype.	Nicotine	15-23	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	163-186
32190681-10	2020	In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased.	Nicotine	7-15	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	122-149
32190681-13	2020	In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased.	Nicotine	7-15	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	122-149
31813548-0	2020	Low-dose nicotine promotes autophagy of cardiomyocytes by upregulating HO-1 expression.	Nicotine	9-17	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	71-75
31813548-5	2020	Moreover, low-dose nicotine upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and knocking down HO-1 abolished the effects of nicotine on the autophagy and apoptosis of NMCMs.	Nicotine	19-27	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	40-56
31813548-5	2020	Moreover, low-dose nicotine upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and knocking down HO-1 abolished the effects of nicotine on the autophagy and apoptosis of NMCMs.	Nicotine	19-27	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	58-62
31813548-5	2020	Moreover, low-dose nicotine upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and knocking down HO-1 abolished the effects of nicotine on the autophagy and apoptosis of NMCMs.	Nicotine	19-27	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	93-97
31813548-5	2020	Moreover, low-dose nicotine upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and knocking down HO-1 abolished the effects of nicotine on the autophagy and apoptosis of NMCMs.	Nicotine	123-131	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	93-97
31813548-7	2020	Furthermore, low-dose nicotine improved the inhibited autophagy and increased apoptosis induced by palmitic acid (PA) in NMCMs and these effects were reversed by knocking down HO-1.	Nicotine	22-30	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	176-180
31945395-0	2020	Paternal nicotine exposure induces hyperactivity in next-generation via down-regulating the expression of DAT.	Nicotine	9-17	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	106-109
31945395-7	2020	An analysis of the changes in DNA methylation revealed that nicotine exposure induced a rise in the total DNA methylation level of Dat in murine spermatozoa, and the hyper-methylation could imprint in the brains of the offspring mice.	Nicotine	60-68	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	131-134
31945395-11	2020	In conclusion, all results indicated that paternal nicotine exposure could induce hyperactivity in the offspring via the hyper-methylation of Dat.	Nicotine	51-59	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	142-145
31945395-12	2020	Consequently, Dat may be one of the genes that mediate the cross-generation effects of nicotine besides mmu-mmiR-15b.	Nicotine	87-95	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	14-17
32209227-0	2020	Identification of slit3 as a locus affecting nicotine preference in zebrafish and human smoking behaviour.	Nicotine	45-53	slit homolog 3 (Drosophila)	Danio rerio	18-23
32209227-3	2020	Out of 25 inactivating mutations carried by the F3 fish, one in the slit3 gene segregated with increased nicotine preference in heterozygous individuals.	Nicotine	105-113	slit homolog 3 (Drosophila)	Danio rerio	68-73
32209227-7	2020	These findings reveal a role for SLIT3 in development of pathways affecting responses to nicotine in zebrafish and smoking in humans.	Nicotine	89-97	slit homolog 3 (Drosophila)	Danio rerio	33-38
32143722-9	2020	Additionally, nicotine not merely elevated UCA1 and HIF-1alpha expressions in CRC cells, but also facilitated proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells (P < 0.05).	Nicotine	14-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	52-62
32106059-3	2020	rSLURP-1 fully abolished the nicotine-induced increase of the cell proliferation, down-regulation of the expression of PTEN (the negative regulator of the AKT pathway, controlling the growth, survival, and proliferation of cancer cells), and up-regulation of the alpha7-nAChR expression in the A549 cells.	Nicotine	29-37	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	155-158
32153570-0	2020	MicroRNA124-IL6R Mediates the Effect of Nicotine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance Toward Th1.	Nicotine	40-48	interleukin 6 receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	12-16
32153570-0	2020	MicroRNA124-IL6R Mediates the Effect of Nicotine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance Toward Th1.	Nicotine	40-48	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	91-94
32153570-0	2020	MicroRNA124-IL6R Mediates the Effect of Nicotine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance Toward Th1.	Nicotine	40-48	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	114-117
32153570-2	2020	Cigarette extracts, especially nicotine, affect the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	31-39	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	52-55
32153570-8	2020	Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 could eliminate the polarization toward Th1 after nicotine treatment, suggesting that miR-124 mediates the effect of nicotine on the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	81-89	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	71-74
32153570-8	2020	Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 could eliminate the polarization toward Th1 after nicotine treatment, suggesting that miR-124 mediates the effect of nicotine on the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	81-89	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	164-167
32153570-8	2020	Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 could eliminate the polarization toward Th1 after nicotine treatment, suggesting that miR-124 mediates the effect of nicotine on the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	148-156	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	71-74
32153570-8	2020	Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 could eliminate the polarization toward Th1 after nicotine treatment, suggesting that miR-124 mediates the effect of nicotine on the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	148-156	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	164-167
32153570-10	2020	Taken together, these results suggest that nicotine shifts the balance of Th1/Th2 toward Th1 via a miR-124-mediated IL-6R pathway, which might explain its dual role in IBDs.	Nicotine	43-51	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	74-77
32153570-10	2020	Taken together, these results suggest that nicotine shifts the balance of Th1/Th2 toward Th1 via a miR-124-mediated IL-6R pathway, which might explain its dual role in IBDs.	Nicotine	43-51	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	89-92
32153570-10	2020	Taken together, these results suggest that nicotine shifts the balance of Th1/Th2 toward Th1 via a miR-124-mediated IL-6R pathway, which might explain its dual role in IBDs.	Nicotine	43-51	interleukin 6 receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	116-121
31813548-8	2020	In conclusion, our data suggested that low-dose nicotine promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by upregulating HO-1.	Nicotine	48-56	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	134-138
31953160-4	2020	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary human PSCs were cultured and treated with nicotine (0.1 muM and 1 muM).	Nicotine	73-81	latexin	Homo sapiens	87-90
31953160-7	2020	KEY FINDINGS: The proliferation, alpha-SMA expression and autophagy of hPSCs were significantly promoted by 1 muM nicotine.	Nicotine	114-122	actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle	Homo sapiens	33-42
31953160-7	2020	KEY FINDINGS: The proliferation, alpha-SMA expression and autophagy of hPSCs were significantly promoted by 1 muM nicotine.	Nicotine	114-122	latexin	Homo sapiens	110-113
31953160-10	2020	Moreover, the alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated by nicotine, this pathway and effects of nicotine can be blocked by alpha-BTX.	Nicotine	81-89	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	40-45
31953160-10	2020	Moreover, the alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated by nicotine, this pathway and effects of nicotine can be blocked by alpha-BTX.	Nicotine	119-127	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	40-45
31953160-11	2020	SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding suggests that nicotine can promote activation of human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) through inducing autophagy via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, providing a new insight into the mechanisms by which nicotine affects pancreatic fibrosis.	Nicotine	40-48	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	172-177
31399700-8	2020	Kinetic analysis showed that cocaine accelerated alpha3beta4-nAChR desensitization, which caused a reduction of the amplitude of nicotine-induced currents.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
32024069-0	2020	Nicotine Induces IL-8 Secretion from Pancreatic Cancer Stroma and Worsens Cancer-Induced Cachexia.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	17-21
31941383-8	2020	Finally, at the molecular level, it was found that Akt (protein kinase B) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) phosphorylation are enhanced in the WPS and in nicotine-treated platelets.	Nicotine	170-178	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	51-54
31941383-8	2020	Finally, at the molecular level, it was found that Akt (protein kinase B) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) phosphorylation are enhanced in the WPS and in nicotine-treated platelets.	Nicotine	170-178	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	78-81
31941383-8	2020	Finally, at the molecular level, it was found that Akt (protein kinase B) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) phosphorylation are enhanced in the WPS and in nicotine-treated platelets.	Nicotine	170-178	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	83-121
32024069-6	2020	Nicotine induced secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by tumor-associated stroma cells in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	30-43
32024069-6	2020	Nicotine induced secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by tumor-associated stroma cells in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	45-49
32024069-6	2020	Nicotine induced secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by tumor-associated stroma cells in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	90-127
32024069-6	2020	Nicotine induced secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by tumor-associated stroma cells in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
32757664-0	2020	Amelioration of Nicotine-Induced Osteoarthritis by Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Through Modulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 Signaling Axis.	Nicotine	16-24	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	106-109
31631328-6	2020	Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	250-254
31631328-6	2020	Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	256-260
31631328-6	2020	Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	262-295
31631328-6	2020	Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	310-340
31949158-7	2020	A multistep signaling mechanism involving D2 receptors and CX3CL1 mediates nicotine-induced increases in cocaine self-administration and microglial activation.	Nicotine	75-83	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	59-65
31949158-8	2020	Moreover, nicotine depletes presynaptic markers in a manner that is microglia-, D2- and CX3CL1-dependent.	Nicotine	10-18	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	88-94
32002363-9	2020	The qRT-PCR revealed that nicotine increased the mRNA levels of alpha7nAChR as well as caspase-3 and suppressed the expression of cyclin B1.	Nicotine	26-34	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	87-96
33997178-10	2021	Finally, we observed that nicotine suppressed VPS33B expression by inducing PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-mediated transcription suppression.	Nicotine	26-34	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
32757664-11	2020	Taken together, the PDB exerts regenerative and reparative activities in nicotine-mediated initiation and progression of OA, through modulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 signaling axis.	Nicotine	73-81	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	150-153
32451953-5	2020	In this paper, we review the structure and diversity of nAChR subunits and our understanding for how different nAChR subtypes play specific roles in the phenomenon of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
32451953-5	2020	In this paper, we review the structure and diversity of nAChR subunits and our understanding for how different nAChR subtypes play specific roles in the phenomenon of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
31835083-9	2020	Consistently, in primary cultured KCs, the activation of NF-kappaB signaling was also regulated by nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	99-107	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	57-66
31846720-8	2020	In vitro, nicotine increased nAChRs and HDAC4 expression, and decreased the StAR/3beta-HSD H3K9ac level and expression, as well as the testosterone production in Leydig cells.	Nicotine	10-18	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
31846720-8	2020	In vitro, nicotine increased nAChRs and HDAC4 expression, and decreased the StAR/3beta-HSD H3K9ac level and expression, as well as the testosterone production in Leydig cells.	Nicotine	10-18	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-90
31835083-10	2020	This study suggests that nicotine increases alpha7-nAChR-mediated cholinergic activity in KCs resulting in decrease of ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis through inhibiting NF-kappaB signaling.	Nicotine	25-33	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	172-181
32250310-0	2020	Nicotine Promotes AbetaPP Nonamyloidogenic Processing via RACK1-Dependent Activation of PKC in SH-SY5Y-AbetaPP695 Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	88-91
32250310-5	2020	METHODS: The expression of AbetaPP and its C-terminal fragments including C99, C89, and C83, was measured in SH-SY5Y-AbetaPP695 cells treated with nicotine for 6 h. Protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist Ro30-8220 or agonist PMA was used to determine the role of PKC in AbetaPP processing.	Nicotine	147-155	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	165-181
32250310-9	2020	We also found that nicotine elevated the expression of phosphorylated PKC (P-PKC) and RACK1 on the cytomembrane.	Nicotine	19-27	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
32250310-9	2020	We also found that nicotine elevated the expression of phosphorylated PKC (P-PKC) and RACK1 on the cytomembrane.	Nicotine	19-27	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	77-80
32250310-10	2020	PKC antagonist Ro30-8220 treatment prevented the increase of ADAM10 and C83 by nicotine.	Nicotine	79-87	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
32250310-12	2020	CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results indicate that nicotine effectively promotes AbetaPP nonamyloidogenic processing via RACK1-dependent activation of PKC in SH-SY5Y-AbetaPP695 cells and could be a potential molecule for AD treatment.	Nicotine	56-64	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	156-159
31956373-0	2020	Nicotine Upregulates the Level of Mcl-1 through STAT3 in H1299 Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	48-53
31956373-3	2020	Therefore, we examined the STAT3 cascade in nicotine regulation of Mcl-1 transcription in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	44-52	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	27-32
31956373-4	2020	Methods: The effects of nicotine on the expression of STAT3 and Mcl-1 were determined using western blot.	Nicotine	24-32	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	54-59
31956359-4	2020	Activation of nicotine/nAChR signaling is associated with lung cancer risk and drug resistance.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
31956373-7	2020	Results: STAT3 was constitutively activated (i.e., tyrosine-phosphorylated, serine-phosphorylated and nuclear translocation), meanwhile the expression and transcriptional activity of Mcl-1 were up-regulated in lung cancer cells following treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	253-261	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	9-14
31956359-5	2020	We focused on nAChR pathways activated by nicotine and its downstream signaling involved in regulating apoptotic factors of mitochondria and drug resistance in lung cancer.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-19
31956373-9	2020	Deleted mutagenesis of a putative STAT3 consensus binding sequence decreased Mcl-1 promoter activity and eliminated the increase of Mcl-1 promoter activity induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	167-175	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	34-39
31956373-12	2020	Conclusions: We have demonstrated that nicotine induces up-regulation of Mcl-1 through STAT3, which process may be independent on JAKs and not only dependent on the phosphorylation of Y705.	Nicotine	39-47	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	87-92
31771811-4	2020	Here, we examined the effect of varenicline on atherosclerotic plaque formation in nicotine-pretreated ApoE KO mice and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake in nicotine-treated peritoneal macrophages.	Nicotine	83-91	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	103-107
31771811-5	2020	Varenicline caused significant progression of plaque formation in the whole aorta and aortic root and further accelerated the increased formation of a macrophage-rich plaque area in the aortic root in nicotine-pretreated ApoE KO mice.	Nicotine	201-209	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	221-225
31771811-0	2020	Varenicline aggravates atherosclerotic plaque formation in nicotine-pretreated ApoE knockout mice due to enhanced oxLDL uptake by macrophages through downregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression.	Nicotine	59-67	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	79-83
31622651-9	2020	The gene expression of alpha7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was significantly increased in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) and inguinal subcutaneous WAT (igSWAT) of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age.	Nicotine	159-167	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
33022581-1	2020	The thalamus, with the highest density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain, plays a central role in thalamo-cortical circuits that are implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-74
33022581-1	2020	The thalamus, with the highest density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain, plays a central role in thalamo-cortical circuits that are implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
31614362-0	2020	Overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor in the nucleus accumbens enhances the reinforcing effects of nicotine in female versus male rats.	Nicotine	110-118	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	18-48
33927788-3	2020	Epidemiological studies have shown that nicotine consumption decreases PD prevalence through neuroprotective mechanisms activation associated with the overstimulation of signaling pathways (SP) such as PI3K/AKT through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (e.g alpha7 nAChRs) and over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2.	Nicotine	40-48	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	207-210
33927788-3	2020	Epidemiological studies have shown that nicotine consumption decreases PD prevalence through neuroprotective mechanisms activation associated with the overstimulation of signaling pathways (SP) such as PI3K/AKT through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (e.g alpha7 nAChRs) and over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2.	Nicotine	40-48	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	325-330
33927788-6	2020	Methods: We present a computational strategy integrating structural bioinformatics, SP manual reconstruction, and deep learning to predict the potential neuroprotective activity of 8 novel nicotine analogs over the behavior of PI3K/AKT.	Nicotine	189-197	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	232-235
33927788-9	2020	Results: Our model was able to predict the potential neuroprotective activity of seven new nicotine analogs based on the binomial Bcl-2 response regulated by the activation of PI3K/AKT.	Nicotine	91-99	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	130-135
33927788-9	2020	Results: Our model was able to predict the potential neuroprotective activity of seven new nicotine analogs based on the binomial Bcl-2 response regulated by the activation of PI3K/AKT.	Nicotine	91-99	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	181-184
31622651-10	2020	The protein expression of alpha7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was increased in gWAT and igSWAT of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age, and increased in gWAT at 26 weeks.	Nicotine	89-97	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
31622651-11	2020	In vitro, nicotine increased the expression of lipid metabolism and alpha7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	10-18	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
31622651-13	2020	Therefore, maternal nicotine exposure promoted the early angiogenesis of adipose tissue via the alpha7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway, and this angiogenesis mechanism was associated with increased adipogenesis in adipose tissue of female offspring.	Nicotine	20-28	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
31473285-10	2019	The data suggests that peri-adolescent EtOH consumption produced cross-sensitization to the effects of nicotine during adulthood.	Nicotine	103-111	perilipin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
31473285-0	2019	Peri-adolescent alcohol consumption increases sensitivity and dopaminergic response to nicotine during adulthood in female alcohol-preferring (P) rats: Alterations to alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression.	Nicotine	87-95	perilipin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
31867655-0	2019	Examining Age as a Potential Moderator of Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations.	Nicotine	62-70	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	10-13
31891598-2	2019	Several studies have suggested that nicotine may affect insulin resistance, however, the impact of E-cigarette exposure on insulin resistance, an early measure of cardiometabolic risk, is not known.	Nicotine	36-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
31867655-13	2019	Overall, a nicotine reduction policy has the potential to reduce smoking across age groups.	Nicotine	11-19	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
31835256-0	2019	Nicotine instigates podocyte injury via NLRP3 inflammasomes activation.	Nicotine	0-8	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	40-45
31733211-4	2019	The confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that mice treated with nicotine exhibited disrupted inter-endothelial tight junctions as shown by decreased ZO-1 and ZO-2 expression in the coronary arterial endothelium, whereas the decreases in ZO-1/2 were prevented by Nlrp3 gene deficiency.	Nicotine	70-78	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	155-159
31733211-4	2019	The confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that mice treated with nicotine exhibited disrupted inter-endothelial tight junctions as shown by decreased ZO-1 and ZO-2 expression in the coronary arterial endothelium, whereas the decreases in ZO-1/2 were prevented by Nlrp3 gene deficiency.	Nicotine	70-78	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	243-249
31733211-5	2019	In cultured endothelial cells, nicotine caused Nlrp3 inflammasome complex formation and enhances the inflammasome activity as shown by increased cleavage of pro-caspase-1, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	176-193
31733211-5	2019	In cultured endothelial cells, nicotine caused Nlrp3 inflammasome complex formation and enhances the inflammasome activity as shown by increased cleavage of pro-caspase-1, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	195-203
31835256-3	2019	The present study tested whether nicotine induces NLRP3 inflammasomes activation and thereby contributes to podocyte injury.	Nicotine	33-41	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	50-55
31835256-4	2019	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment significantly increased the colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-beta production, cell permeability in podocytes compared to control cells.	Nicotine	9-17	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	74-79
31835256-4	2019	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment significantly increased the colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-beta production, cell permeability in podocytes compared to control cells.	Nicotine	9-17	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	85-88
31835256-4	2019	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment significantly increased the colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-beta production, cell permeability in podocytes compared to control cells.	Nicotine	9-17	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	90-99
31835256-5	2019	Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD significantly abolished the nicotine-induced colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production and cell permeability in podocytes.	Nicotine	72-80	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	18-27
31835256-5	2019	Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD significantly abolished the nicotine-induced colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production and cell permeability in podocytes.	Nicotine	72-80	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	107-112
31835256-5	2019	Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD significantly abolished the nicotine-induced colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production and cell permeability in podocytes.	Nicotine	72-80	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	118-121
31835256-5	2019	Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD significantly abolished the nicotine-induced colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production and cell permeability in podocytes.	Nicotine	72-80	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	123-132
31835256-6	2019	Immunofluorescence analysis showed that nicotine treatment significantly decreased the podocin and nephrin expression compared to control cells.	Nicotine	40-48	NPHS2 stomatin family member, podocin	Homo sapiens	87-94
31835256-7	2019	However, prior treatment with WEHD attenuated the nicotine-induced podocin and nephrin reduction.	Nicotine	50-58	NPHS2 stomatin family member, podocin	Homo sapiens	67-74
31835256-10	2019	Furthermore, prior treatment with ROS scavenger, NAC significantly attenuated the nicotine-induced caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production, podocin and nephrin reduction in podocytes.	Nicotine	82-90	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	99-108
31835256-10	2019	Furthermore, prior treatment with ROS scavenger, NAC significantly attenuated the nicotine-induced caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production, podocin and nephrin reduction in podocytes.	Nicotine	82-90	NPHS2 stomatin family member, podocin	Homo sapiens	140-147
31835256-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine-induced the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes and thereby results in podocyte injury.	Nicotine	13-21	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	34-39
31920673-7	2019	Rats administered nicotine alone exhibited significantly increased cardiac expression of angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in addition to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate.	Nicotine	18-26	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	89-103
31920673-7	2019	Rats administered nicotine alone exhibited significantly increased cardiac expression of angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in addition to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate.	Nicotine	18-26	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	108-137
31920673-0	2019	Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Dysfunction, and Aggravation of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.	Nicotine	53-61	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
31920673-7	2019	Rats administered nicotine alone exhibited significantly increased cardiac expression of angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in addition to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate.	Nicotine	18-26	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
31920673-3	2019	This study sought to elucidate the role of angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors in cardiac injury resulting from prolonged nicotine administration in a rat model.	Nicotine	124-132	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	43-57
31744841-6	2019	This, coupled with expression data demonstrating co-expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) in mVTA neurons, suggests that nicotine is able to stimulate GABA co-release from mVTA vGluT2+ neurons.	Nicotine	177-185	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	113-138
31817720-9	2019	Our results showed that TIPE2 was involved in nicotine-, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)-, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-mediated lung cancer through inhibited proliferation, survival, and migration via modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)- and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, which are involved in the regulation of diverse processes in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	57-65	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	275-284
31817720-9	2019	Our results showed that TIPE2 was involved in nicotine-, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)-, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-mediated lung cancer through inhibited proliferation, survival, and migration via modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)- and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, which are involved in the regulation of diverse processes in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	57-65	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	291-300
31835799-9	2019	Moreover, PD-L1 expression was upregulated in melanoma cells after nicotine treatment via the transcription factor STAT3 binding to the PD-L1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	115-120
31744841-7	2019	Nicotine had an altogether different effect on mVTA to latVTA GABA release from Gad2+ cells; nicotine suppressed GABA release from mVTA Gad2+ terminals in nearly all cells tested.	Nicotine	93-101	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	136-140
31744841-6	2019	This, coupled with expression data demonstrating co-expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) in mVTA neurons, suggests that nicotine is able to stimulate GABA co-release from mVTA vGluT2+ neurons.	Nicotine	177-185	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	140-144
31744841-7	2019	Nicotine had an altogether different effect on mVTA to latVTA GABA release from Gad2+ cells; nicotine suppressed GABA release from mVTA Gad2+ terminals in nearly all cells tested.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	80-84
31744841-7	2019	Nicotine had an altogether different effect on mVTA to latVTA GABA release from Gad2+ cells; nicotine suppressed GABA release from mVTA Gad2+ terminals in nearly all cells tested.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	136-140
31500447-0	2019	Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
31553625-0	2019	Perinatal nicotine exposure alters AKT/GSK-3beta/mTOR/autophagy signaling leading to development of hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype in rat neonatal brain.	Nicotine	10-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
31553625-11	2019	In addition, nicotine exposure significantly upregulated p-AKT and p-GSK-3beta.	Nicotine	13-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
31553625-12	2019	Treatment with the AKT selective inhibitor MK2206 reversed the enhanced p-AKT and p-GSK-3beta, restored basal autophagic flux and abolished nicotine-mediated HI brain injury.	Nicotine	140-148	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
30552041-1	2019	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine and the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor atomoxetine are widely studied substances due to their propensity to alleviate cognitive deficits in psychiatric and neurological patients and their beneficial effects on some aspects of cognitive functions in healthy individuals.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
30552041-1	2019	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine and the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor atomoxetine are widely studied substances due to their propensity to alleviate cognitive deficits in psychiatric and neurological patients and their beneficial effects on some aspects of cognitive functions in healthy individuals.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
30552041-11	2019	This finding is compatible with previous evidence of nicotine effects on stop-signal task performance in highly impulsive individuals and implicates the nAChR in the neural basis of impulsivity.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
30587400-2	2019	For example, nicotine and other constituents of tobacco smoke elevate serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain and may thereby cause homeostatic adaptations in 5-HTT availability that moderate effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype.	Nicotine	13-21	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
30587400-2	2019	For example, nicotine and other constituents of tobacco smoke elevate serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain and may thereby cause homeostatic adaptations in 5-HTT availability that moderate effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype.	Nicotine	13-21	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	200-208
31154625-0	2019	Involvement of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 in Nicotine"s Suppression of Antiviral Immune Responses.	Nicotine	49-57	interferon regulatory factor 7	Homo sapiens	15-45
31154625-12	2019	Overall, IRF7 is critical to nicotine"s effect on the antiviral immune response.	Nicotine	29-37	interferon regulatory factor 7	Homo sapiens	9-13
31154625-13	2019	Graphical Abstract Involvement of IRF7 in nicotine"s suppression of poly I:C-induced antiviral immune responses.	Nicotine	42-50	interferon regulatory factor 7	Homo sapiens	34-38
31154625-19	2019	In the IRF7-mutant cells, nicotine"s suppressive effects on poly I:C-stimulated immune responses were restrained.	Nicotine	26-34	interferon regulatory factor 7	Homo sapiens	7-11
30802143-5	2019	In addition, nicotine intoxication significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the levels of vitamins E and C in serum and kidney tissue as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.	Nicotine	13-21	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	179-187
31553625-13	2019	These findings suggest that perinatal nicotine-mediated alteration of AKT/GSK-3beta/mTOR signaling plays a key role in down-regulation of autophagic flux, which contributes to the development of hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain.	Nicotine	38-46	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
31525533-8	2019	Our data showed that nicotine upregulated Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2, and downregulated ASK1 in 4NQO-induced OLK in mice, at least in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	21-29	DIRAS family, GTP-binding RAS-like 2	Mus musculus	55-61
31525533-9	2019	The modulations of Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1 by nicotine were also found in OLK smokers compared to OLK non-smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	DIRAS family, GTP-binding RAS-like 2	Mus musculus	32-38
31129809-0	2019	Crucial Role of Dopamine D2 Receptor Signaling in Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference.	Nicotine	50-58	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	16-36
31129809-3	2019	Since reward signaling is mediated by dopamine receptors, we hypothesized that the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), in part, mediates the synaptic modulation of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in addition to dopamine D1 receptor.	Nicotine	156-164	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	83-103
31129809-6	2019	When kinase signaling was assessed in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampal CA1 region after repeated nicotine administration, both Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were upregulated in WT mice but not in D2RKO mice.	Nicotine	102-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	186-223
31129809-8	2019	Taken together, in addition to dopamine D1 receptor signaling, dopamine D2 receptor signaling is critical for induction of nicotine-induced CPP in mice.	Nicotine	123-131	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	63-83
31500447-8	2019	Taken together, the sustained activation of local bone RAS mediated prenatal nicotine-induced osteopenia in adult offspring via the alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.-Xiao, H., Wen, Y., Pan, Z., Shangguan, Y., Magdalou, J., Wang, H., Chen, L. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.	Nicotine	77-85	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	349-352
31500447-6	2019	In vitro, nicotine suppressed BMSCs" osteogenic function through promoting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and activating RAS.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	75-104
31500447-6	2019	In vitro, nicotine suppressed BMSCs" osteogenic function through promoting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and activating RAS.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
31500447-7	2019	Furthermore, nicotine induced histone acetylase p300 into the nuclei of the BMSCs by acting on the alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha4beta2-nAChR), leading to the increased histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation level of ACE and RAS activation.	Nicotine	13-21	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	230-233
31500447-8	2019	Taken together, the sustained activation of local bone RAS mediated prenatal nicotine-induced osteopenia in adult offspring via the alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.-Xiao, H., Wen, Y., Pan, Z., Shangguan, Y., Magdalou, J., Wang, H., Chen, L. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.	Nicotine	77-85	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
31518499-5	2019	Here, we evaluate the extent to which this model applies to cytisine at the alpha4beta2 nAChR, which is a subtype that is known to play a prominent role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
31325431-11	2019	In males, alpha7 increased following nicotine treatment and alpha2 and alpha3 increased during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	95-103	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Rattus norvegicus	60-77
31580538-8	2019	Experimentally, the proposed interventions, such as administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can not only block but also potentially reverse the perinatal nicotine exposure-induced respiratory morbidity in the exposed offspring.	Nicotine	202-210	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	70-118
31580538-8	2019	Experimentally, the proposed interventions, such as administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can not only block but also potentially reverse the perinatal nicotine exposure-induced respiratory morbidity in the exposed offspring.	Nicotine	202-210	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	120-129
31612866-0	2019	The interaction between STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 interferes with nicotine-induced atherosclerosis via Akt/mTOR signaling cascade.	Nicotine	62-70	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	24-29
31681430-6	2019	The repetitive element LINE-1 was hypermethylated in the three exposed groups, while P16 was hypomethylated in the alcohol and both the alcohol and nicotine exposure groups.	Nicotine	148-156	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	85-88
31681430-7	2019	Our results also show that alcohol and nicotine exposure altered sperm cell quality, which may be related to the methylation levels of MEST and GNAS.	Nicotine	39-47	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	144-148
31612866-2	2019	However, the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-related inflammatory pathways in nicotine-induced atherosclerosis has been poorly studied.	Nicotine	115-123	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	23-73
31612866-2	2019	However, the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-related inflammatory pathways in nicotine-induced atherosclerosis has been poorly studied.	Nicotine	115-123	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	75-80
31612866-3	2019	This study investigated the transcriptional mechanism of STAT3 in nicotine/nAChRalpha1-induced atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	66-74	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	57-62
31612866-7	2019	nAChRalpha1 knockdown significantly decreases the nicotine-induced upregulation of p-STAT3, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vitro, while nAChRalpha1 overexpression has the opposite effects.	Nicotine	50-58	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	85-90
31612866-7	2019	nAChRalpha1 knockdown significantly decreases the nicotine-induced upregulation of p-STAT3, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vitro, while nAChRalpha1 overexpression has the opposite effects.	Nicotine	50-58	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	94-97
31612866-8	2019	The inhibition of STAT3 attenuated nicotine-induced atherosclerosis, by reducing the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation in macrophages.	Nicotine	35-43	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	18-23
31612866-9	2019	Moreover, there is a direct interaction between STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 that modulates STAT3 nuclear translocation and its binding to the Akt promoter region upon nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	161-169	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	48-53
31612866-9	2019	Moreover, there is a direct interaction between STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 that modulates STAT3 nuclear translocation and its binding to the Akt promoter region upon nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	161-169	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	85-90
31612866-9	2019	Moreover, there is a direct interaction between STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 that modulates STAT3 nuclear translocation and its binding to the Akt promoter region upon nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	161-169	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	136-139
31612866-10	2019	Taken together, STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 blockade attenuates nicotine-induced atherosclerosis by reducing the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation in macrophages via the Akt/mTOR pathway.	Nicotine	58-66	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	16-21
31612866-10	2019	Taken together, STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 blockade attenuates nicotine-induced atherosclerosis by reducing the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation in macrophages via the Akt/mTOR pathway.	Nicotine	58-66	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	207-210
31299270-0	2019	Prenatal nicotine exposure increases osteoarthritis susceptibility in male elderly offspring rats via low-function programming of the TGFbeta signaling pathway.	Nicotine	9-17	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-141
31190333-0	2019	Downregulation of miR-218 by nicotine promotes cell proliferation through targeting CDK6 in non-small cell lung cancer.	Nicotine	29-37	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	84-88
31637050-0	2019	Behavior and Hippocampal Epac Signaling to Nicotine CPP in Mice.	Nicotine	43-51	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3	Mus musculus	25-29
31637050-4	2019	In this study, we examined the hippocampal Epac signaling in nicotine-induced place conditioning mice.	Nicotine	61-69	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3	Mus musculus	43-47
31637050-8	2019	However, Rap1 protein was elevated and CREB phosphorylation was reduced in female nicotine place conditioning mice.	Nicotine	82-90	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	39-43
31637050-9	2019	Our data provide direct evidence that hippocampal Epac signaling is altered in nicotine-induced CPP mice.	Nicotine	79-87	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3	Mus musculus	50-54
31637050-10	2019	Pharmacology manipulation Epac signaling may open a new avenue for the treatment of nicotine abuse and dependence.	Nicotine	84-92	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3	Mus musculus	26-30
31190333-10	2019	Furthermore, miR-218- or nicotine-induced proliferative effects of NSCLC cells were rescued by the recovery of the expression level of CDK6.	Nicotine	25-33	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	135-139
31190333-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Nicotine promotes proliferation of NSCLC cells through regulating the miR-218/CDK6 axis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.	Nicotine	12-20	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	90-94
31542742-8	2019	Jing Po men and women had the highest prevalence of current smokers (72.2% vs 23.1%, p<0.01), whereas the highest prevalence of nicotine dependence was found in male Dai current smokers and female Li Shu current smokers (44.8% vs 32.5%, p<0.01).	Nicotine	128-136	Z-DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	166-169
31660076-0	2019	Exosomes from nicotine-stimulated macrophages accelerate atherosclerosis through miR-21-3p/PTEN-mediated VSMC migration and proliferation.	Nicotine	14-22	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	91-95
31660076-3	2019	Methods: In an in vivo study, nicotine was administered subcutaneously to 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks.	Nicotine	30-38	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	90-94
31660076-20	2019	Conclusion: Exosomal miR-21-3p from nicotine-treated macrophages may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by increasing VSMC migration and proliferation through its target PTEN.	Nicotine	36-44	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	181-185
31377559-6	2019	The co-administration of aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), pentoxifylline (TNFalpha inhibitor), or nicotine attenuated lipopolysaccharide mediation of renal vasodilations and elevations in alpha7/alpha4beta2-nAChR and iNOS expressions.	Nicotine	98-106	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	217-221
31153915-2	2019	Studies have shown that orexin and cannabinoids are likely to play an important role in nicotine dependency.	Nicotine	88-96	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
31153915-3	2019	In this study, the effect of orexin receptor-2 (OX2R) and cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) blockade were investigated in response to nicotine in male rats, on the neural activity of VTA.	Nicotine	130-138	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
31315024-0	2019	Nicotine induces insulin resistance via downregulation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocyte.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	58-62
31315024-9	2019	Nicotine exposure directly inhibited Nrf2 and increased ERK phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes, which were obstructed by NAC.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	37-41
31315024-9	2019	Nicotine exposure directly inhibited Nrf2 and increased ERK phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes, which were obstructed by NAC.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	56-59
31315024-10	2019	Further exploration of signaling cascades revealed nicotine-induced ROS involved in inhibiting PI3K/Nrf2 and activating ERK in cardiomyocytes.	Nicotine	51-59	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	100-104
31542742-11	2019	Individuals in all five ethnic groups with higher levels of education had a lower probability of current smoking status (p<0.05), whereas a negative association of level of education with nicotine dependence was only observed in current smokers in the Han majority and Dai ethnic minority groups.	Nicotine	188-196	Z-DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	269-272
31315024-10	2019	Further exploration of signaling cascades revealed nicotine-induced ROS involved in inhibiting PI3K/Nrf2 and activating ERK in cardiomyocytes.	Nicotine	51-59	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	120-123
31315024-11	2019	Moreover, the mouse model treated with nicotine showed glucose intolerance and impaired insulin tolerance accompanied by inhibited PI3K/Nrf2 and increased ERK in myocardial tissues.	Nicotine	39-47	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	136-140
31547418-7	2019	CHRNA5 knockdown predominantly suppressed E2F activity and decreased the phosphorylation of the Rb protein; however, nicotine treatment dramatically promoted E2F activity and increased Rb phosphorylation, which was mitigated after CHRNA5 knockdown in OSCC cells.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	231-237
31315024-11	2019	Moreover, the mouse model treated with nicotine showed glucose intolerance and impaired insulin tolerance accompanied by inhibited PI3K/Nrf2 and increased ERK in myocardial tissues.	Nicotine	39-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	155-158
31315024-12	2019	Thus, nicotine induces insulin resistance via the downregulation of Nrf2 activity in cardiomyocytes, which is a potential mechanism of the pharmacological effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	6-14	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	68-72
31315024-12	2019	Thus, nicotine induces insulin resistance via the downregulation of Nrf2 activity in cardiomyocytes, which is a potential mechanism of the pharmacological effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	166-174	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	68-72
31326115-5	2019	Ectopic overexpression of NtERF91 not only increased the expression of most nicotine biosynthetic genes, but also altered alkaloid accumulation profile, resulting in dramatically anatabine accumulation.	Nicotine	76-84	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	26-33
31934215-5	2019	Meanwhile, stimulation with nicotine resulted in increased expression levels of alpha3nAChR, ADAM10, PS1, NCT, Notch1 and Hes1.	Nicotine	28-36	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	111-117
31062355-4	2019	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) was modelled by replacement of the agonist nicotine in the alpha4beta2 nAChR experimental structure.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
31492433-0	2019	Association between PLA2G6 gene polymorphism for calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and nicotine dependence among males with schizophrenia.	Nicotine	90-98	phospholipase A2 group VI	Homo sapiens	20-26
31492433-1	2019	We investigated the relationship between the rs10798059 (BanI) and rs4375 polymorphisms in the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)G4A and PLA2G6 genes and the risk of nicotine dependence in 263 Croatian patients with schizophrenia.	Nicotine	155-163	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	95-111
31492433-1	2019	We investigated the relationship between the rs10798059 (BanI) and rs4375 polymorphisms in the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)G4A and PLA2G6 genes and the risk of nicotine dependence in 263 Croatian patients with schizophrenia.	Nicotine	155-163	phospholipase A2 group VI	Homo sapiens	126-132
31492433-7	2019	Thus, the PLA2G6 polymorphism affected the risk of nicotine dependence in male patients and the PLA2G6 genotype-smoking interaction was linked to the age of disease onset.	Nicotine	51-59	phospholipase A2 group VI	Homo sapiens	10-16
31081950-0	2019	Nicotine excites VIP interneurons to disinhibit pyramidal neurons in auditory cortex.	Nicotine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	17-20
31081950-5	2019	Bath application of nicotine strongly depolarized and excited VIP neurons, weakly depolarized Pyr neurons, and had no effect on the membrane potential of SOM or PV neurons.	Nicotine	20-28	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	62-65
31081950-6	2019	The use of receptor antagonists showed that nicotine"s effects on VIP and Pyr neurons were direct and indirect, respectively.	Nicotine	44-52	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	66-69
31081950-7	2019	Nicotine also enhanced the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in Pyr, VIP, and SOM, but not PV, cells.	Nicotine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	102-105
31081950-8	2019	Using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), we show that chemogenetic inhibition of VIP neurons prevents nicotine"s effects on Pyr neurons.	Nicotine	137-145	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	116-119
31081950-9	2019	Since VIP cells preferentially contact other inhibitory interneurons, we suggest that nicotine drives VIP cell firing to disinhibit Pyr cell somata, potentially making Pyr cells more responsive to auditory stimuli.	Nicotine	86-94	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	6-9
31081950-9	2019	Since VIP cells preferentially contact other inhibitory interneurons, we suggest that nicotine drives VIP cell firing to disinhibit Pyr cell somata, potentially making Pyr cells more responsive to auditory stimuli.	Nicotine	86-94	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	102-105
31221718-2	2019	nAChR PAMs have therapeutic potential for the treatment of nicotine addiction and several neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
31460462-11	2019	In summary, users of E-cig are exposed to harmful chemicals even if the E-liquids contain only propylene glycol and glycerol without flavorings, nicotine, or impurities.	Nicotine	145-153	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
31166129-4	2019	We found that a dose of 7 mug/mL equi-nicotine units of cigarette TPM and WS-CM significantly decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function, which regulates fluid homeostasis in the lung.	Nicotine	38-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-155
31166129-4	2019	We found that a dose of 7 mug/mL equi-nicotine units of cigarette TPM and WS-CM significantly decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function, which regulates fluid homeostasis in the lung.	Nicotine	38-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	157-161
31026483-10	2019	Importantly, HPB level from Alb correlated positively with the level of human tobacco exposure estimated by urinary total nicotine equivalent (TNE) (R2 = 0.6170).	Nicotine	122-130	albumin	Homo sapiens	28-31
31228592-0	2019	Reduced adolescent risk-assessment and lower nicotinic beta-2 expression in rats exposed to nicotine through lactation by forcedly drinking dams.	Nicotine	92-100	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
30144335-4	2019	In this review, we present accumulating evidence indicating the involvement of FGF2 in neuroadaptations caused by drugs of abuse, namely, amphetamine, cocaine, nicotine and alcohol.	Nicotine	160-168	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
31144406-3	2019	Here, we have found that carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone (NNK)-induced tumors developing in Tg-SPC-SFN+/- mice show a similar histology to human lung adenocarcinoma and exhibit high hSFN expression.	Nicotine	36-44	sparse coat	Mus musculus	109-112
31112706-3	2019	Urinary excretion of BaP and cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) increased in a time-dependent manner increased after supplementation with APS (BaP, 2.23-fold; cotinine, 2.64-fold), propolis (BaP, 1.30-fold; cotinine, 2.08-fold), and the mixture (BaP, 2.33-fold; cotinine, 2.28-fold) compared with smoker control.	Nicotine	55-63	BAR/IMD domain containing adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	144-150
31112706-3	2019	Urinary excretion of BaP and cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) increased in a time-dependent manner increased after supplementation with APS (BaP, 2.23-fold; cotinine, 2.64-fold), propolis (BaP, 1.30-fold; cotinine, 2.08-fold), and the mixture (BaP, 2.33-fold; cotinine, 2.28-fold) compared with smoker control.	Nicotine	55-63	BRCA1 associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	192-198
31112706-3	2019	Urinary excretion of BaP and cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) increased in a time-dependent manner increased after supplementation with APS (BaP, 2.23-fold; cotinine, 2.64-fold), propolis (BaP, 1.30-fold; cotinine, 2.08-fold), and the mixture (BaP, 2.33-fold; cotinine, 2.28-fold) compared with smoker control.	Nicotine	55-63	BAR/IMD domain containing adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	247-253
31311925-5	2019	For example, we identify CHRNA9 with 12 PPIs (e.g., ERBB2) can be a therapeutic target and find its anti-metastasis agent, bupropion, for treatment in nicotine-induced breast cancer.	Nicotine	151-159	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
30912145-6	2019	Then, we found that the pretreatment with nicotine and PNU-282987 showed the neuroprotective antiapoptotic effects via activating the alpha7-nAChRs/MAPK/p53 axis.	Nicotine	42-50	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	153-156
30912145-8	2019	Moreover, alpha7-nAChR knockdown could only decrease the inhibitory effects of nicotine and PNU-282987 on the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), not c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and p38.	Nicotine	79-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	125-162
30912145-8	2019	Moreover, alpha7-nAChR knockdown could only decrease the inhibitory effects of nicotine and PNU-282987 on the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), not c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and p38.	Nicotine	79-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	164-167
30912145-8	2019	Moreover, alpha7-nAChR knockdown could only decrease the inhibitory effects of nicotine and PNU-282987 on the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), not c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and p38.	Nicotine	79-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	206-209
31286996-9	2019	Knockdown of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 by the intracerebral administration of an antisense oligonucleotide fully abolished the inhibitory effect of the secretome on ethanol and nicotine intake.	Nicotine	183-191	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	50-53
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	282-285
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	177-185	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	50-53
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	177-185	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	282-285
31005665-10	2019	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced hyperalgesia in mice that received acute or repeated rapamycin injections, and reversed the effects of rapamycin on the phosphorylation of S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser636/639, AKT at Ser473, and ERK at Thr202/Tyr204.	Nicotine	24-32	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	259-262
31092012-7	2019	Nicotine increased the levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the co-staining of SIRT1 and 3-nitrotyrosine, a footprint of ONOO- in aortas.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	33-37
31092012-7	2019	Nicotine increased the levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the co-staining of SIRT1 and 3-nitrotyrosine, a footprint of ONOO- in aortas.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	39-70
31130483-3	2019	In this in silico study, we use a combination of equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to map dynamic and structural changes induced by nicotine in the human alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
31005665-10	2019	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced hyperalgesia in mice that received acute or repeated rapamycin injections, and reversed the effects of rapamycin on the phosphorylation of S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser636/639, AKT at Ser473, and ERK at Thr202/Tyr204.	Nicotine	24-32	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	278-281
31217477-0	2019	Framework to Estimate Total Particulate Mass and Nicotine Delivered to E-cig Users from Natural Environment Monitoring Data.	Nicotine	49-57	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
31078264-7	2019	Considering that D3R plays important roles in mediating reward-related physiological actions of alpha4beta2 nAChR, this study could provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
30874860-1	2019	RATIONALE: The non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has been argued to improve attention via enhanced filtering of irrelevant stimuli.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-61
30874860-1	2019	RATIONALE: The non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has been argued to improve attention via enhanced filtering of irrelevant stimuli.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
31316930-10	2019	Expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were decreased in the nicotine withdrawal rats, in contrast, treadmill running increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB expressions.	Nicotine	100-108	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-70
31316930-10	2019	Expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were decreased in the nicotine withdrawal rats, in contrast, treadmill running increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB expressions.	Nicotine	100-108	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
31217477-6	2019	The mass of TPM and nicotine delivered to the mouth of an e-cig user are dependent upon the puffing behavior of the user.	Nicotine	20-28	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
31123168-0	2019	Nicotine promotes the development of non-small cell lung cancer through activating LINC00460 and PI3K/Akt signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	102-105
31214115-3	2019	Using Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice on a western diet (WD), a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we recently demonstrated that nicotine in e-cigarettes activates hepatocyte apoptosis, and causes hepatic steatosis.	Nicotine	161-169	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	6-22
31214115-3	2019	Using Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice on a western diet (WD), a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we recently demonstrated that nicotine in e-cigarettes activates hepatocyte apoptosis, and causes hepatic steatosis.	Nicotine	161-169	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	33-37
30856513-8	2019	In addition, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR showed that VSMCs exposed to nicotine underwent changes in the expression of differentiation markers (alpha-SMA, SM22alpha and osteopontin), confirming the role of nicotine in VSMC differentiation.	Nicotine	90-98	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	163-172
30718376-10	2019	In the ER, the inside-out pathway begins when nicotine becomes a stabilizing pharmacological chaperone for some nAChR subtypes, even at concentrations as low as ~10 nM.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
31150435-4	2019	Endogenous Lynx1 controls the nicotine-induced up-regulation of the expression of alpha7 type nAChRs in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells as well as the cell growth.	Nicotine	30-38	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
31384352-9	2019	Results: Nicotine has dose-dependent manner on serum osteocalcin and serum DPD level.	Nicotine	9-17	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
31486397-6	2019	Treatment with nicotine decreased local levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of GAP-43.	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
31486397-6	2019	Treatment with nicotine decreased local levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of GAP-43.	Nicotine	15-23	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	64-72
30959089-7	2019	In vitro, nicotine decreased P450arom expression and estradiol production in human granulosa cell line KGN.	Nicotine	10-18	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	29-37
31028757-0	2019	The role of endogenous pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in nicotine self-administration, reward and aversion.	Nicotine	84-92	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	23-72
31028757-0	2019	The role of endogenous pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in nicotine self-administration, reward and aversion.	Nicotine	84-92	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	74-79
31028757-1	2019	Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2) are localized in brain regions implicated in stress response, reward seeking and aversive responses, raising the possibility that PACAP may be involved in motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	280-288	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	0-49
31028757-1	2019	Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2) are localized in brain regions implicated in stress response, reward seeking and aversive responses, raising the possibility that PACAP may be involved in motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	280-288	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	51-56
31028757-1	2019	Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2) are localized in brain regions implicated in stress response, reward seeking and aversive responses, raising the possibility that PACAP may be involved in motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	280-288	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Mus musculus	83-88
31028757-6	2019	We discovered that mice lacking PACAP compared to their wild-type controls exhibited more preference for nicotine over water in the TBC paradigm, particularly at the two higher concentrations of nicotine.	Nicotine	105-113	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	32-37
31028757-6	2019	We discovered that mice lacking PACAP compared to their wild-type controls exhibited more preference for nicotine over water in the TBC paradigm, particularly at the two higher concentrations of nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	32-37
31028757-8	2019	The present results suggest that endogenous PACAP may play a functional role in nicotine preference and its aversive effect.	Nicotine	80-88	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	44-49
31113282-5	2019	On nicotine administration, the endometrial cells were associated with a decrease in antioxidant defense markers such as Glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control.	Nicotine	3-11	catalase	Homo sapiens	208-216
30772268-1	2019	In this paper, we designed, synthesized and tested a small set of three new derivatives potentially targeting the D3R-nAChR heteromer, a receptor complex recently identified and characterized as the molecular entity that, in dopaminergic neurons, mediates the neurotrophic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	284-292	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
30712397-0	2019	Nicotine-like discriminative stimulus effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and a muscarinic receptor agonist in Rhesus monkeys.	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Macaca mulatta	49-69
30712397-1	2019	Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and positive allosteric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulators are potential pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	151-159	acetylcholinesterase	Macaca mulatta	0-20
30712397-1	2019	Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and positive allosteric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulators are potential pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	151-159	acetylcholinesterase	Macaca mulatta	22-26
30712397-4	2019	Nicotine and the AChE inhibitors donepezil and galantamine dose-dependently increased responding on the nicotine-appropriate lever with ED50 values of 0.35, 0.22, and 0.77 mg/kg, respectively.	Nicotine	104-112	acetylcholinesterase	Macaca mulatta	17-21
30712397-8	2019	Collectively, these results suggest that AChE inhibitors can mimic the effects of nicotine by indirectly stimulating both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.	Nicotine	82-90	acetylcholinesterase	Macaca mulatta	41-45
30712397-9	2019	Inasmuch as some smoking cessation aids work by exerting nicotine-like effects, the current results are consistent with the potential use of AChE inhibitors as novel smoking cessation aids.	Nicotine	57-65	acetylcholinesterase	Macaca mulatta	141-145
31113282-5	2019	On nicotine administration, the endometrial cells were associated with a decrease in antioxidant defense markers such as Glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control.	Nicotine	3-11	catalase	Homo sapiens	218-221
30665006-3	2019	This study focuses on the alpha3 and alpha4 nAChR subunits as alpha3 is important for early postnatal survival while alpha4 is crucial for nicotine-elicited antinociception and sleep-wake cycle regulation.	Nicotine	139-147	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	26-32
30317657-0	2019	Nicotine stimulates IL-6 expression by activating the AP-1 and STAT-3 pathways in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-24
30763655-1	2019	Orexin has multiple physiological functions including wakefulness, appetite, nicotine intake, and nociception.	Nicotine	77-85	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
31019204-0	2019	Elevation of O-GlcNAc and GFAT expression by nicotine exposure promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	45-53	glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
30797147-0	2019	Potential roles of 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists in modulating the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	19-33
30797147-0	2019	Potential roles of 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists in modulating the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	35-41
30797147-5	2019	This review gathered existing studies conducted investigating the potential of "-setron" class of 5-HT3R antagonists in modulating nicotine effects.	Nicotine	131-139	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	98-104
30797147-6	2019	We proposed that the mechanism where 5-HT3R antagonists mediate the effects of nicotine could be attributed by both direct at 5-HT3R and indirect mechanism in nicotine addiction downstream regulation.	Nicotine	79-87	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	37-43
30797147-6	2019	We proposed that the mechanism where 5-HT3R antagonists mediate the effects of nicotine could be attributed by both direct at 5-HT3R and indirect mechanism in nicotine addiction downstream regulation.	Nicotine	79-87	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	126-132
30797147-6	2019	We proposed that the mechanism where 5-HT3R antagonists mediate the effects of nicotine could be attributed by both direct at 5-HT3R and indirect mechanism in nicotine addiction downstream regulation.	Nicotine	159-167	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	37-43
30836163-5	2019	We found that nicotine simultaneously activates AKT/mTOR pathway in HPV-immortalized cervical epithelial (H8) cell line, followed by elevation of 4EBP1/eIF4E axis expression and its translational activity with dose-dependent and time-dependent manners.	Nicotine	14-22	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
30836163-5	2019	We found that nicotine simultaneously activates AKT/mTOR pathway in HPV-immortalized cervical epithelial (H8) cell line, followed by elevation of 4EBP1/eIF4E axis expression and its translational activity with dose-dependent and time-dependent manners.	Nicotine	14-22	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	52-56
30836163-11	2019	Taken together, it can be concluded that nicotine promotes H8 cell proliferation by activating AKT/mTOR pathway, as well as 4EBP1/eIF4E axis and its translational activity.	Nicotine	41-49	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
30836163-11	2019	Taken together, it can be concluded that nicotine promotes H8 cell proliferation by activating AKT/mTOR pathway, as well as 4EBP1/eIF4E axis and its translational activity.	Nicotine	41-49	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	99-103
30833077-8	2019	Nicotine also activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, while blocking PI3K with the inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the effects of nicotine on the differentiation of C2C12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	33-36
30833077-11	2019	Taken together, our data suggested that nicotine promoted the differentiation of C2C12 cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and rescued the impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in obese mice.	Nicotine	40-48	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	124-127
30944308-7	2019	Surprisingly, VPS33B was downregulated in the nicotine-treated and LMP-1-overexpressing NPC cells by targeting PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-mediated signaling.	Nicotine	46-54	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
30317657-0	2019	Nicotine stimulates IL-6 expression by activating the AP-1 and STAT-3 pathways in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	54-58
30317657-0	2019	Nicotine stimulates IL-6 expression by activating the AP-1 and STAT-3 pathways in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	63-69
30317657-2	2019	In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotine, a major psychoactive compound in cigarette smoke, on IL-6 expression and EA.hy926 endothelial cell invasion.	Nicotine	46-54	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	109-113
30317657-3	2019	Nicotine stimulated IL-6 expression via the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-24
30317657-3	2019	Nicotine stimulated IL-6 expression via the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor.	Nicotine	0-8	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	44-63
30317657-3	2019	Nicotine stimulated IL-6 expression via the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor.	Nicotine	0-8	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	65-69
30317657-4	2019	Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediated the IL-6-induced upregulation of nicotine in EA.hy926 cells.	Nicotine	152-160	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	66-102
30317657-4	2019	Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediated the IL-6-induced upregulation of nicotine in EA.hy926 cells.	Nicotine	152-160	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	123-127
30317657-5	2019	Furthermore, the antioxidant compound N-acetyl-cysteine eliminated the nicotine-activated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) phosphorylation; these two mechanisms mediated the upregulation of IL-6 expression by nicotine.	Nicotine	71-79	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	275-279
30317657-5	2019	Furthermore, the antioxidant compound N-acetyl-cysteine eliminated the nicotine-activated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) phosphorylation; these two mechanisms mediated the upregulation of IL-6 expression by nicotine.	Nicotine	294-302	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	200-206
30317657-6	2019	In addition, the EA.hy926 cells treated with nicotine displayed markedly enhanced invasiveness due to IL-6 upregulation.	Nicotine	45-53	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	102-106
30317657-7	2019	Our data demonstrate that nicotine induced IL-6 expression, which, in turn, enhanced the invasiveness of endothelial EA.hy926 cells, via activation of the p38 MAPK/AP-1 and ROS/STAT-3 signaling pathways.	Nicotine	26-34	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	43-47
30317657-7	2019	Our data demonstrate that nicotine induced IL-6 expression, which, in turn, enhanced the invasiveness of endothelial EA.hy926 cells, via activation of the p38 MAPK/AP-1 and ROS/STAT-3 signaling pathways.	Nicotine	26-34	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	164-168
30317657-7	2019	Our data demonstrate that nicotine induced IL-6 expression, which, in turn, enhanced the invasiveness of endothelial EA.hy926 cells, via activation of the p38 MAPK/AP-1 and ROS/STAT-3 signaling pathways.	Nicotine	26-34	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	177-183
29567093-7	2019	Our respective in vitro and in vivo observations that OlGly activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) and the PPAR-alpha antagonist GW6471 prevented the OlGly-induced reduction of nicotine CPP in mice suggests that this lipid acts as a functional PPAR-alpha agonist to attenuate nicotine reward.	Nicotine	210-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	120-130
29567093-7	2019	Our respective in vitro and in vivo observations that OlGly activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) and the PPAR-alpha antagonist GW6471 prevented the OlGly-induced reduction of nicotine CPP in mice suggests that this lipid acts as a functional PPAR-alpha agonist to attenuate nicotine reward.	Nicotine	210-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	140-150
30508607-7	2019	However, pre-treatment with the CB2R selective agonist JWH133, blocked cocaine and nicotine induced CPP in the WT mice.	Nicotine	83-91	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	32-36
29567093-7	2019	Our respective in vitro and in vivo observations that OlGly activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) and the PPAR-alpha antagonist GW6471 prevented the OlGly-induced reduction of nicotine CPP in mice suggests that this lipid acts as a functional PPAR-alpha agonist to attenuate nicotine reward.	Nicotine	210-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	140-150
29567093-7	2019	Our respective in vitro and in vivo observations that OlGly activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) and the PPAR-alpha antagonist GW6471 prevented the OlGly-induced reduction of nicotine CPP in mice suggests that this lipid acts as a functional PPAR-alpha agonist to attenuate nicotine reward.	Nicotine	309-317	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	140-150
29567093-7	2019	Our respective in vitro and in vivo observations that OlGly activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) and the PPAR-alpha antagonist GW6471 prevented the OlGly-induced reduction of nicotine CPP in mice suggests that this lipid acts as a functional PPAR-alpha agonist to attenuate nicotine reward.	Nicotine	309-317	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	140-150
30831442-0	2019	Orexin type-2 receptor blockade prevents the nicotine-induced excitation of nucleus accumbens core neurons in rats: An electrophysiological perspective.	Nicotine	45-53	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
30831442-2	2019	Orexin is among important neurotransmitters, which regulates addictive properties of drugs of abuse including nicotine.	Nicotine	110-118	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
30831442-10	2019	Therefore, we proposed that orexin has a potential modulator effect, in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
30366711-2	2019	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha5 subunit gene (CHRNA5) is reported to be associated with cognitive function in nicotine-dependent populations and SCZ in non-smoking SCZ patients.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-64
30316531-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between degrees of nicotine dependence measured by the Fagerstrom test (FTCD) and different tests of motivation to stop smoking.	Nicotine	58-66	formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase	Homo sapiens	111-115
30550855-8	2019	Nicotine promoted HASMC proliferation, which was accompanied by elevated alpha5-nAchR and TRPC3 expressions, basal [Ca2+]cyt, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and the rate of Mn2+ quenching in HASMCs.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
30550855-9	2019	Further investigation indicated that nicotine-induced Ca2+ response and TRPC3 up-regulation was reversibly blocked by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppression of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
30550855-11	2019	In conclusion, nicotine-induced HASMC proliferation was mediated by TRPC3-dependent calcium entry via alpha5-nAchR, which provided a potential target for treatment of COPD.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
30478481-1	2019	The jasmonate-responsive transcription factor ERF189 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and its ortholog JRE4 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) regulate a series of biosynthetic genes involved in the nicotine and steroidal glycoalkaloid pathways.	Nicotine	195-203	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	46-52
30260034-6	2019	Continuous exposure to the mixture of 0.15 muM nicotine and 2 muM cotinine retarded pterygium cell proliferation by 16.04% (P = 0.009) and hindered their migration by 11.93% ( P = 0.039), without affecting cell apoptosis.	Nicotine	47-55	latexin	Homo sapiens	43-46
30260034-7	2019	SNAIL and alpha-smooth muscle actin protein expression was significantly downregulated in pterygium cells treated with 0.15 muM nicotine-2 muM cotinine mixture by 1.33- ( P = 0.036) and 1.31-fold ( P = 0.001), respectively.	Nicotine	128-136	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30260034-7	2019	SNAIL and alpha-smooth muscle actin protein expression was significantly downregulated in pterygium cells treated with 0.15 muM nicotine-2 muM cotinine mixture by 1.33- ( P = 0.036) and 1.31-fold ( P = 0.001), respectively.	Nicotine	128-136	latexin	Homo sapiens	124-127
30260034-7	2019	SNAIL and alpha-smooth muscle actin protein expression was significantly downregulated in pterygium cells treated with 0.15 muM nicotine-2 muM cotinine mixture by 1.33- ( P = 0.036) and 1.31-fold ( P = 0.001), respectively.	Nicotine	128-136	latexin	Homo sapiens	139-142
30260034-8	2019	Besides, the 0.15 muM nicotine-2 muM cotinine mixture also reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 expressions in pterygium cells by 1.56- ( P = 0.043) and 1.27-fold ( P = 0.012), respectively.	Nicotine	22-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	18-21
30260034-8	2019	Besides, the 0.15 muM nicotine-2 muM cotinine mixture also reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 expressions in pterygium cells by 1.56- ( P = 0.043) and 1.27-fold ( P = 0.012), respectively.	Nicotine	22-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	33-36
30681854-0	2019	New Rigid Nicotine Analogues, Carrying a Norbornane Moiety, Are Potent Agonists of alpha7 and alpha3* Nicotinic Receptors.	Nicotine	10-18	CHRNA7 (exons 5-10) and FAM7A (exons A-E) fusion	Homo sapiens	83-121
30557592-12	2019	Moreover, both alpha4-beta2 and alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes appear to mediate the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against toxicity induced by these two trace metals.	Nicotine	116-124	CHRNA7 (exons 5-10) and FAM7A (exons A-E) fusion	Homo sapiens	32-57
30137518-1	2019	Interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive disorders began more than 30 years ago when it was first demonstrated that the tobacco alkaloid nicotine could improve cognitive function in nicotine-deprived smokers as well as nonsmokers.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
30818860-1	2019	Previously, we reported that nicotine reduces erlotinib sensitivity in a xenograft model of PC9, an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-sensitive non-small-cell lung cancer cell line.	Nicotine	29-37	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	160-164
30811401-6	2019	We further showed a significant yet differential effect on expression levels of core clock and clock-controlled genes (Bmal1, Per2) in the lungs of mice exposed to e-cig vapor containing nicotine.	Nicotine	187-195	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	85-90
30811401-6	2019	We further showed a significant yet differential effect on expression levels of core clock and clock-controlled genes (Bmal1, Per2) in the lungs of mice exposed to e-cig vapor containing nicotine.	Nicotine	187-195	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	95-100
30811401-6	2019	We further showed a significant yet differential effect on expression levels of core clock and clock-controlled genes (Bmal1, Per2) in the lungs of mice exposed to e-cig vapor containing nicotine.	Nicotine	187-195	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	126-130
30811401-7	2019	Thus, acute exposure to WPS and e-cig vapor containing nicotine contributes to altered expression of circadian molecular clock genes in mouse lungs, which may have repercussions on lung cellular and biological functions.	Nicotine	55-63	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	121-126
30137518-1	2019	Interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive disorders began more than 30 years ago when it was first demonstrated that the tobacco alkaloid nicotine could improve cognitive function in nicotine-deprived smokers as well as nonsmokers.	Nicotine	248-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
30809122-10	2019	The mutation reduced the maximal currents by approximately 80% in response to saturating concentrations of nicotine in homo- and heterozygous form, in both the alpha2beta4 and alpha2beta2 nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
30760814-14	2019	Seeking the clinical relevance of our study, following our recent publication that reports the role of EZH2 in nicotine-mediated breast cancer development and progression, we observed significant reduced expression of SUMF1 in breast cancer patient samples with smoking history in comparison to never-smoked patient samples.	Nicotine	111-119	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-107
30598264-6	2019	We demonstrated the correlation between nicotine and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling.	Nicotine	40-48	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
30598264-7	2019	Nicotine treatment induced HSC-2 cell proliferation and migration and the phosphorylation of EGFR.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
30598264-8	2019	Furthermore, nicotine treatment activated the EGFR downstream effectors phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK), which, in turn, promoted cell proliferation.	Nicotine	13-21	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
30146678-0	2019	Rosmarinic acid inhibits nicotine-induced C-reactive protein generation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	25-33	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	42-60
30381441-6	2019	In addition to FMO1 and FMO3, the functional FMO2427Q isoform was active against nicotine, whereas FMO4 and FMO5 exhibited low activity against nicotine (K m > 5.0 mmol/L).	Nicotine	144-152	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
30146678-0	2019	Rosmarinic acid inhibits nicotine-induced C-reactive protein generation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	25-33	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
30146678-3	2019	Nicotine, the main addictive component of cigarette, has been shown to induce the production of CRP.	Nicotine	0-8	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
30146678-4	2019	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenol with antiinflammatory activity, on nicotine-induced elevation of CRP in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Nicotine	125-133	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
30146678-5	2019	We found that pretreatment of VSMCs with RA attenuated nicotine-induced expression of CRP in a time- and dose-dependant manner.	Nicotine	55-63	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
30146678-6	2019	In addition, RA also inhibited the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production resulting from nicotine treatment in VSMCs.	Nicotine	167-175	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-85
30146678-6	2019	In addition, RA also inhibited the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production resulting from nicotine treatment in VSMCs.	Nicotine	167-175	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
30146678-9	2019	RA also led to diminished nicotine-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and elevation in the CRP level in the aortic tissue of the model rats.	Nicotine	26-34	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
30146678-10	2019	The results of this study suggested a protective role of RA in nicotine-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome-CRP axial, and RA therefore represented a potential effective therapeutic approach to atherosclerosis, in particular for those who smoke.	Nicotine	63-71	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
30146678-10	2019	The results of this study suggested a protective role of RA in nicotine-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome-CRP axial, and RA therefore represented a potential effective therapeutic approach to atherosclerosis, in particular for those who smoke.	Nicotine	63-71	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
30358437-10	2019	Lungs of nicotine-inhaling animals revealed increased mRNA levels of IL-1A and CXCL1.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
29881944-7	2019	Initially, we performed a computational prediction of the molecular interactions between the nicotine analogs with the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
30272249-0	2019	Nicotine Promotes Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Immortalized Cervical Epithelial Cells (H8) Proliferation by Activating RPS27a-Mdm2-P53 Pathway In Vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	129-132
30272249-5	2019	Moreover, nicotine decreased the level of P53, resulted from a shortened P53 half-life.	Nicotine	10-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	42-45
30272249-5	2019	Moreover, nicotine decreased the level of P53, resulted from a shortened P53 half-life.	Nicotine	10-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	73-76
30272249-7	2019	It suggested that reduction in stabilization of P53 induced by nicotine may be negative regulator for P53/P21 signaling pathway that acts to prevent the growth of cells.	Nicotine	63-71	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	48-51
30272249-7	2019	It suggested that reduction in stabilization of P53 induced by nicotine may be negative regulator for P53/P21 signaling pathway that acts to prevent the growth of cells.	Nicotine	63-71	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	102-105
30272249-8	2019	In addition, reduction of RPS27a expression in nicotine treatment H8 cells up-regulated phosphorylation of Mdm2 at serine residue 166, followed by facilitating Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of P53.	Nicotine	47-55	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	192-195
30272249-9	2019	Simply put, these findings suggest that nicotine promotes H8 cell lines proliferation by activating RPS27a-Mdm2-P53 pathway in vitro.	Nicotine	40-48	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	112-115
30030777-5	2019	RESULTS: All tested oxidative stress inducers increased intracellular OGG1 levels, whereas only nicotine and 4-NQO induced NFE2L2/NRF2 levels.	Nicotine	96-104	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	123-129
30030777-5	2019	RESULTS: All tested oxidative stress inducers increased intracellular OGG1 levels, whereas only nicotine and 4-NQO induced NFE2L2/NRF2 levels.	Nicotine	96-104	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
30030777-6	2019	Nicotine, 4-NQO, and their combinational applications with Pg LPS induced the secretions of IL-1beta and IL-1Ra, while that of IL-8 was inhibited by the presence of Pg LPS.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	92-100
30030777-6	2019	Nicotine, 4-NQO, and their combinational applications with Pg LPS induced the secretions of IL-1beta and IL-1Ra, while that of IL-8 was inhibited by the presence of Pg LPS.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	127-131
30462985-4	2019	Our results showed that cerebellar surface perfusion of nicotine significantly facilitated the cerebellar GCL field potential responses evoked by air-puff stimulation of ipsilateral whisker pad, which exhibited increases in amplitude and area under the curve (AUC) of both stimulus onset responses (N1) and stimulus offset responses (N2).	Nicotine	56-64	germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1	Mus musculus	106-109
30462985-8	2019	These results indicate that nicotine activates alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, resulting in an enhancement of facial stimulation-evoked responses in mouse cerebellar GCL.	Nicotine	28-36	germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1	Mus musculus	200-203
30462985-9	2019	Our results suggest that nicotine modulates the sensory information processing in the cerebellar GCL through alpha7 and alpha4beta2 subunits nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	25-33	germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1	Mus musculus	97-100
30634632-6	2019	Findings indicated that nicotine (Grp.2) significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the number of produced 2-cell embryos compared to the control (Grp.1).	Nicotine	24-32	gastrin releasing peptide	Mus musculus	34-37
30634632-6	2019	Findings indicated that nicotine (Grp.2) significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the number of produced 2-cell embryos compared to the control (Grp.1).	Nicotine	24-32	gastrin releasing peptide	Mus musculus	142-145
30687021-8	2018	By including models of nAChR-mediated currents in the VTA DA-GABA circuit, we showed that nicotine should reduce the acetylcholine action on the VTA GABA neurons by receptor desensitization and potentially boost DA responses to reward-related signals in a non-trivial manner.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
30391635-8	2019	Notably, flow cytometric analysis also revealed an enhancement of TNFalpha and IFNgamma plasmatic levels at the same time point during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	135-143	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-74
30391635-8	2019	Notably, flow cytometric analysis also revealed an enhancement of TNFalpha and IFNgamma plasmatic levels at the same time point during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	135-143	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	79-87
30345917-8	2019	Pre-treatment with nicotine significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K in astrocytes.	Nicotine	19-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
29637850-0	2019	NAChR alpha4beta2 subtype and their relation with nicotine addiction, cognition, depression and hyperactivity disorder.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
30345917-4	2019	METHODS: The Abeta oligomers levels in astrocytic cell lysates and culture medium were measured after treatment with nicotine or co-treatment with a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor.	Nicotine	117-125	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	13-18
29637850-2	2019	This work aims review the structure and functioning of the alpha4beta2 nAChR emphasizing its role in the treatment of associated diseases like nicotine addiction and underlying pathologies such as cognition, depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
30240027-6	2019	PDE10a availability was measured with [11 C]IMA107 and positron emission tomography in 15 cocaine users and 15 controls matched for age, gender, and nicotine status.	Nicotine	149-157	phosphodiesterase 10A	Homo sapiens	0-6
30085294-7	2019	However, plasma TNFalpha levels were significantly increased in mice exposed to Copenhagen snuff or nicotine for 24 weeks.	Nicotine	100-108	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	16-24
30085294-14	2019	Increased formation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha by nicotine or Copenhagen snuff may lead to vascular inflammation and thereby exacerbate atherogenesis.	Nicotine	69-77	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	57-65
30585623-3	2018	The administration of nicotine for 12 weeks increased the area of the atherosclerotic lesion, the number of macrophages infiltrating the plaques, and the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice fed a high-fat diet.	Nicotine	22-30	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	208-253
30585623-3	2018	The administration of nicotine for 12 weeks increased the area of the atherosclerotic lesion, the number of macrophages infiltrating the plaques, and the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice fed a high-fat diet.	Nicotine	22-30	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	286-290
30504847-0	2018	MicroRNA cluster miR199a/214 are differentially expressed in female and male rats following nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	92-100	microRNA 199a-2	Rattus norvegicus	17-28
30559666-0	2018	Genetic Interaction Between Two VNTRs in the SLC6A4 Gene Regulates Nicotine Dependence in Vietnamese Men.	Nicotine	67-75	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
30559666-2	2018	Association between the SLC6A4 polymorphisms and nicotine dependence is controversial.	Nicotine	49-57	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
30559666-9	2018	Stratification analysis was used to find the genetic interaction between these two VNTRs in nicotine dependence as they may synergistically regulate the SLC6A4 expression.	Nicotine	92-100	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	153-159
30054897-3	2018	Nicotine"s weight effects appear to result especially from the drug"s stimulation of alpha3beta4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), leading to activation of the melanocortin circuit, which is associated with body weight.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	161-181
30054897-3	2018	Nicotine"s weight effects appear to result especially from the drug"s stimulation of alpha3beta4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), leading to activation of the melanocortin circuit, which is associated with body weight.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	183-187
30054897-3	2018	Nicotine"s weight effects appear to result especially from the drug"s stimulation of alpha3beta4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), leading to activation of the melanocortin circuit, which is associated with body weight.	Nicotine	97-105	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	161-181
30054897-3	2018	Nicotine"s weight effects appear to result especially from the drug"s stimulation of alpha3beta4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), leading to activation of the melanocortin circuit, which is associated with body weight.	Nicotine	97-105	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	183-187
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	338-342
30076938-0	2018	Long term effects of cigarette smoke extract or nicotine on nerve growth factor and its receptors in a bronchial epithelial cell line.	Nicotine	48-56	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	60-79
30076938-6	2018	The present study shows that long term exposure of BEAS-2B cells to cigarette smoke extract or nicotine induces: (A) differences: in cell viability, in the expression of cell cycle-related genes, in NGF release and in gene expression of NGF and its receptors; (B) similarities: in morphology and migration ability.	Nicotine	95-103	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	199-202
30076938-6	2018	The present study shows that long term exposure of BEAS-2B cells to cigarette smoke extract or nicotine induces: (A) differences: in cell viability, in the expression of cell cycle-related genes, in NGF release and in gene expression of NGF and its receptors; (B) similarities: in morphology and migration ability.	Nicotine	95-103	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	237-240
30543688-1	2018	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 5 (CHRNA5) is an important susceptibility locus for nicotine addiction and lung cancer.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-38
30543688-1	2018	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 5 (CHRNA5) is an important susceptibility locus for nicotine addiction and lung cancer.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-46
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	428-438
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	440-443
29619740-6	2018	In this regard, nicotine, which has been associated with relevant neuroprotective effects mainly through activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), exerts its effects at least in part by acting directly on mitochondrial physiology and morphology.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
29619740-6	2018	In this regard, nicotine, which has been associated with relevant neuroprotective effects mainly through activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), exerts its effects at least in part by acting directly on mitochondrial physiology and morphology.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
29619740-7	2018	Additionally, a recent description of mitochondrial nAChR localization suggests a nicotine-dependent mitochondrial function.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
30504847-5	2018	Of these, we found the expression of miR-199a and 214, which are expressed on the same cluster of chromosome 1, to be upregulated in the female rats exposed to nicotine; upregulation in this group was further validated by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).	Nicotine	160-168	microRNA 199a-2	Rattus norvegicus	37-45
30504847-7	2018	Using western-blot, we confirmed downregulation of SIRT1 and increased cleaved caspase 3 expression in the brains of nicotine-exposed female rats and no change in expression levels in the other groups.	Nicotine	117-125	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
30504847-8	2018	Collectively, our findings highlight a miR-199/214 regulatory network that, through SIRT1, may be associated with nicotine seeking in females which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for sex-specific treatment approaches.	Nicotine	114-122	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
30309879-4	2018	Since peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can prevent nicotine-induced MYF differentiation of LIFs, we further hypothesized that the modulation of PPARgamma expression would inhibit nicotine"s myogenic effect on BMSCs.	Nicotine	88-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	6-54
30309879-4	2018	Since peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can prevent nicotine-induced MYF differentiation of LIFs, we further hypothesized that the modulation of PPARgamma expression would inhibit nicotine"s myogenic effect on BMSCs.	Nicotine	88-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
30309879-4	2018	Since peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can prevent nicotine-induced MYF differentiation of LIFs, we further hypothesized that the modulation of PPARgamma expression would inhibit nicotine"s myogenic effect on BMSCs.	Nicotine	88-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	181-190
30309879-4	2018	Since peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can prevent nicotine-induced MYF differentiation of LIFs, we further hypothesized that the modulation of PPARgamma expression would inhibit nicotine"s myogenic effect on BMSCs.	Nicotine	216-224	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	6-54
30309879-4	2018	Since peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can prevent nicotine-induced MYF differentiation of LIFs, we further hypothesized that the modulation of PPARgamma expression would inhibit nicotine"s myogenic effect on BMSCs.	Nicotine	216-224	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	181-190
30309879-7	2018	Perinatal nicotine exposure resulted in decreased oil red O staining, triolein uptake, expression of PPARgamma, and its downstream target gene adipocyte differentiation-related protein by BMSCs, but enhanced alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression, and activated Wnt signaling, all features indicative of their inhibited lipogenic, but enhanced myogenic potential.	Nicotine	10-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-110
30309879-7	2018	Perinatal nicotine exposure resulted in decreased oil red O staining, triolein uptake, expression of PPARgamma, and its downstream target gene adipocyte differentiation-related protein by BMSCs, but enhanced alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression, and activated Wnt signaling, all features indicative of their inhibited lipogenic, but enhanced myogenic potential.	Nicotine	10-18	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	238-249
30309879-9	2018	Based on these data, we conclude that BMSCs can be directionally induced to differentiate into the lipofibroblastic phenotype, and PPARgamma agonists can effectively block perinatal nicotine-induced MYF transdifferentiation, suggesting a possible molecular therapeutic approach to augment BMSC"s lung injury/repair potential.	Nicotine	182-190	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	131-140
30409187-0	2018	Nicotine promotes neuron survival and partially protects from Parkinson"s disease by suppressing SIRT6.	Nicotine	0-8	sirtuin 6	Mus musculus	97-102
30453884-0	2018	Combined genetic influence of the nicotinic receptor gene cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 on nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-72
30453884-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene locus is associated with nicotine dependence and other smoking related disorders.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-22
30453884-4	2018	Searching for variants with evidence of regulatory functions, we have reported interactions between CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 enhancer variants (tagged by rs880395 and rs1948, respectively) and rs16969968, forming 3-SNP haplotypes and diplotypes that may more accurately reflect the cluster"s combined effects on nicotine dependence (Barrie et al., Hum Mutat 38:112-9, 2017).	Nicotine	305-313	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-106
30453884-7	2018	Additive logistic regression models indicate that rs4887074 is associated with nicotine dependence and modulates the effect of rs16969968 in GWAS datasets (COGEND, UW-TTURC, SAGE).	Nicotine	79-87	sarcoma antigen 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
30453884-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate rs4887074 is associated with CHRNB4 expression, and along with two regulatory variants of CHRNA3 and CHRNA5, modulates the effect of rs16969968 on nicotine dependence risk.	Nicotine	183-191	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-143
30409187-3	2018	We report that nicotine reduces the abundance of SIRT6 in neuronal culture and brain tissue.	Nicotine	15-23	sirtuin 6	Mus musculus	49-54
30409187-4	2018	We find that reduction of SIRT6 is partly responsible for neuroprotection afforded by nicotine.	Nicotine	86-94	sirtuin 6	Mus musculus	26-31
29993116-2	2018	Polymorphisms in CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 receptors play a critical role in nicotine dependence, lung cancer (LC) risk, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-31
29993116-3	2018	This study characterized the CHRNA3 rs1051730 and CHRNA5 rs16969968 polymorphisms in a Mexican population and its association with nicotine dependence, LC, and COPD.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-56
30257366-0	2018	Parthenolide inhibits tumor-promoting effects of nicotine in lung cancer by inducing P53 - dependent apoptosis and inhibiting VEGF expression.	Nicotine	49-57	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	85-88
30257366-0	2018	Parthenolide inhibits tumor-promoting effects of nicotine in lung cancer by inducing P53 - dependent apoptosis and inhibiting VEGF expression.	Nicotine	49-57	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	126-130
30091833-7	2018	In vivo, nicotine induced endothelial dysfunction and promoted atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, which were attenuated by GTPCH1 overexpression or BH4 supplement.	Nicotine	9-17	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	82-86
30248622-5	2018	Importantly, using the nAChR index, we demonstrate reversal of mecamylamine-induced neurophysiological effects due to 16 mg of galantamine as well as administering 21 mg of nicotine transdermally.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
29396723-0	2018	Duration-dependent effects of nicotine exposure on growth and AKT activation in human kidney epithelial cells.	Nicotine	30-38	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	62-65
29901817-10	2018	In vitro study, the TNF-alpha-enhanced mRNA expression of MAdCAM-1 was reduced by the coadministration of nicotine in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via nicotinic receptor activation.	Nicotine	106-114	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	20-29
29396723-11	2018	This suggests that nicotine, through modulating the AKT pathway, controls the duration-dependent effects on the growth of HK-2 cells.	Nicotine	19-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
29396723-12	2018	In summary, this is the first report showing long-duration exposure to nicotine causes increased proliferation of human kidney epithelial cells through activation of AKT pathway.	Nicotine	71-79	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	166-169
30099202-10	2018	Two key chromatin remodeling genes, Smarca2 and Bahcc1, exhibited inversely correlated changes in methylation and expression due to nicotine exposure; this was reversed by choline.	Nicotine	132-140	BAH domain and coiled-coil containing 1	Mus musculus	48-54
30293722-0	2018	A Human Polymorphism in CHRNA5 Is Linked to Relapse to Nicotine Seeking in Transgenic Rats.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-30
31516447-10	2018	Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) analysis revealed up-regulation of p-ERK expression by nicotine (p&lt;0.05) that was suppressed significantly by resveratrol (p&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	95-103	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
31516447-15	2018	Resveratrol suppressed lipid peroxidation and P-ERK activated signals induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
30829278-2	2018	Functional polymorphism in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-5 subunit gene (CHRNA5 c.1192G&gt;A; rs16969968) is associated with nicotine dependence and risk of lung cancer.	Nicotine	134-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-88
30036686-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine (0.1-10 muM) reduced the expression of LXRalpha, LXRbeta, SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in a concentration dependent manner, which could be annulled by nAChR antagonist and LXR agonist.	Nicotine	10-18	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
30036686-7	2018	Taken together, nicotine could inhibit the expression of SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 via nAChR and LXR alpha/beta in female placentas, finally leading to reduced blood cholesterol levels in fetal rats.	Nicotine	16-24	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
30325916-11	2018	Analysis of epigenetic changes in the spermatozoa of the nicotine-exposed male founders (F0) showed significant changes in global DNA methylation and DNA methylation at promoter regions of the dopamine D2 receptor gene.	Nicotine	57-65	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	193-213
30287806-0	2018	Genome-wide association study identifies glutamate ionotropic receptor GRIA4 as a risk gene for comorbid nicotine dependence and major depression.	Nicotine	105-113	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
30170085-9	2018	Our results showed that in the group that received acute nicotine, both GAD65 and GAD67 protein levels were downregulated in the vHPC, but not in dHPC.	Nicotine	57-65	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	72-77
30170085-11	2018	Finally, using c-fos/GAD65/67 double immunofluorescence, we showed that nicotine mainly increased c-fos expression in non-GABAergic ventral hippocampal cells, indicating that acute nicotine increases vHPC excitability.	Nicotine	72-80	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	21-26
30015910-0	2018	Nicotine enhances store-operated calcium entry by upregulating HIF-1alpha and SOCC components in non-small cell lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	63-73
30170085-11	2018	Finally, using c-fos/GAD65/67 double immunofluorescence, we showed that nicotine mainly increased c-fos expression in non-GABAergic ventral hippocampal cells, indicating that acute nicotine increases vHPC excitability.	Nicotine	181-189	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	21-26
30015910-9	2018	Furthermore, nicotine upregulated HIF-1alpha expression in the A549 and NCI-H292 cells.	Nicotine	13-21	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	34-44
30015910-12	2018	In conclusion, the results indicate that nicotine promotes lung cancer cell proliferation likely by upregulating HIF-1alpha and SOCC components and therefore enhancing SOCE and increasing basal [Ca2+]i.	Nicotine	41-49	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	113-123
30125591-5	2018	A separate group of mice was exposed to nicotine during adolescent and tissue was evaluated for changes in MOR-mediated G-protein activity using [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays.	Nicotine	40-48	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	107-110
30125591-8	2018	MOR-mediated G-protein activity in hippocampus, but not thalamus and striatum of adult mice, was significantly altered by adolescent nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	133-141	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	0-3
30319609-3	2018	Results: The results of this study showed that monocyte induced inflammation (raised tumor necrosis factor-alpha-TNF-alpha) induced by mCRP was significantly blocked in the presence of acetylcholine and nicotine, whilst tacrine and targeted antibodies (clones 8C10 and 3H12) had less of or no significant effects.	Nicotine	203-211	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-112
30319609-3	2018	Results: The results of this study showed that monocyte induced inflammation (raised tumor necrosis factor-alpha-TNF-alpha) induced by mCRP was significantly blocked in the presence of acetylcholine and nicotine, whilst tacrine and targeted antibodies (clones 8C10 and 3H12) had less of or no significant effects.	Nicotine	203-211	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	113-122
30323867-8	2018	Western blot analysis indicated the down-regulated expression levels of periostin expressed by nicotine-treated osteoblasts (1 muM to 100 muM).	Nicotine	95-103	periostin, osteoblast specific factor	Mus musculus	72-81
29573323-0	2018	The interaction of the Chrna5 D398N variant with developmental nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-29
29972271-0	2018	Targeting mitochondria with folic acid and vitamin B12 ameliorates nicotine mediated islet cell dysfunction.	Nicotine	67-75	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	51-54
29972271-3	2018	However, supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 were found effective against nicotine induced changes in pancreatic islet cells.	Nicotine	86-94	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	53-56
29972271-5	2018	In this study, nicotine exposure decreases mitochondrial enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, aconitase, malate dehydrogenase) activities by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ level which may contribute to increased mitochondrial ROS production by raising its flow to mitochondria.	Nicotine	15-23	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	136-156
29972271-7	2018	Simultaneously, nicotine induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis by modulating DeltaPsim via increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, altered Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, PARP expressions which were prevented by the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 .	Nicotine	16-24	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	133-138
29972271-7	2018	Simultaneously, nicotine induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis by modulating DeltaPsim via increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, altered Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, PARP expressions which were prevented by the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 .	Nicotine	16-24	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	140-143
29972271-7	2018	Simultaneously, nicotine induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis by modulating DeltaPsim via increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, altered Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, PARP expressions which were prevented by the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 .	Nicotine	16-24	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	145-157
29972271-7	2018	Simultaneously, nicotine induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis by modulating DeltaPsim via increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, altered Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, PARP expressions which were prevented by the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 .	Nicotine	16-24	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	257-260
30009813-9	2018	Elevations in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) observed in LPS-treated rats were compromised upon co-administration of nicotine, PHA, or 5IA.	Nicotine	132-140	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-47
30009813-9	2018	Elevations in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) observed in LPS-treated rats were compromised upon co-administration of nicotine, PHA, or 5IA.	Nicotine	132-140	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
30675824-0	2018	CB2R agonist prevents nicotine induced lung fibrosis.	Nicotine	22-30	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	0-4
30675824-17	2018	CONCLUSION: Nicotine induces interstitial lung fibrosis that is enhanced by the CB2R antagonist and diminished by the CB2R agonist.	Nicotine	12-20	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	80-84
30675824-17	2018	CONCLUSION: Nicotine induces interstitial lung fibrosis that is enhanced by the CB2R antagonist and diminished by the CB2R agonist.	Nicotine	12-20	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	118-122
29573323-1	2018	A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CHRNA5 (rs16969968, change from an aspartic acid [D] to asparagine [N] at position 398 of the human alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit) has been associated with increased risk for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	235-243	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-48
28972577-4	2018	In this largest-ever GWAS meta-analysis for nicotine dependence and the largest-ever cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis for any smoking phenotype, we reconfirmed the well-known CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 genes and further yielded a novel association in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	176-182
30150424-1	2018	BACKGROUND/AIM: We have previously reported that simvastatin exhibits antioxidant properties via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP-response element binding (CREB) protein-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and chronic nicotine exposure inhibits ERK/CREB signaling in renal proximal tubule cells (through p66shc).	Nicotine	244-252	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	97-134
30150424-1	2018	BACKGROUND/AIM: We have previously reported that simvastatin exhibits antioxidant properties via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP-response element binding (CREB) protein-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and chronic nicotine exposure inhibits ERK/CREB signaling in renal proximal tubule cells (through p66shc).	Nicotine	244-252	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
30150424-6	2018	RESULTS: Nicotine suppressed simvastatin-dependent activation of HO1 and MnSOD promoters and activity of CREB and ELK1 via p66shc.	Nicotine	9-17	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-129
30150424-7	2018	Overexpression of CREB or knockdown of p66shc restored simvastatin-dependent induction of HO1 and MnSOD in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	123-131	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-4	2018	Agonist activity is comprised of nAChR activation and desensitization, which were expressed as percentages of desensitization and activation by nicotine from smoking.	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
29980822-5	2018	Antagonist activity was expressed as the reduction in nAChR occupancy by nicotine during smoking in the presence of an agonist.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
30148841-0	2018	Exposure to nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone and arecoline synergistically facilitates tumor aggressiveness via overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.	Nicotine	12-20	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	133-165
30190688-10	2018	Increased CRP has also been associated with high nicotine dependence in SZ smokers and one study has suggested that increased CRP was associated with sedentary behavior.	Nicotine	49-57	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	10-13
30190688-11	2018	Conclusion: In the light of the above-mentioned studies, increased hs-CRP may be reasonably suggested as a marker for SZ onset risk, as well as a risk factor for increased positive symptoms, cognitive impairment, hypovitaminosis D, microbiota disturbances, cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk in SZ subjects, and increased nicotine dependence in SZ smokers.	Nicotine	330-338	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	70-73
30537800-0	2018	Nicotine Modulates the Release of Inflammatory Cytokines and Expression of TLR2, TLR4 of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
30537800-6	2018	We have found that nicotine (at concentration 0.01microM) induced release of TNF-a and IL-6 but not CXCL-8 production.	Nicotine	19-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-82
30537800-6	2018	We have found that nicotine (at concentration 0.01microM) induced release of TNF-a and IL-6 but not CXCL-8 production.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	87-91
30537800-7	2018	Besides we have shown that nicotine did not effect on TLR4 surface expression however up-regulated the TLR2 surface expression.	Nicotine	27-35	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
29803914-0	2018	Combination of TLR8 and TLR4 agonists reduces the degrading effects of nicotine on DC-NK mediated effector T cell generation.	Nicotine	71-79	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	15-19
30072754-1	2018	Nicotine and acetylcholine cause immunosuppresion by signaling to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) on immune cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
29803914-7	2018	However, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR8 agonists acted as the most effective adjuvants to increase the expression levels of antigen-presenting, costimulatory molecules and production of cytokines by nicotine-exposed DC (nicDC).	Nicotine	189-197	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	25-29
29803914-8	2018	When combined, TLR3 + 8 and TLR4 + 8 synergistically optimized nicDC maturation and IFN-gamma secretion from nicotine-exposed NK (nicNK) during co-cultures.	Nicotine	109-117	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	84-93
29784663-1	2018	Evidence suggests that the alpha4beta2, but not the alpha7, subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in mediating the behavioral effects of nicotine and related drugs.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-107
29603740-9	2018	RESULTS: In combination with cyclic tensile stress, nicotine prevented the tensile stress-induced increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, formation of mineralization nodules and the upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2, transcription factor Sp7 and collagen type I; however, canonical Wnt pathway was activated.	Nicotine	52-60	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	232-267
29784663-1	2018	Evidence suggests that the alpha4beta2, but not the alpha7, subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in mediating the behavioral effects of nicotine and related drugs.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
29551733-1	2018	Taking into account the rather frequent concomitance of nicotine abuse and stress, we aimed to research memory- and depression-related effects of nicotine administration in combination with chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) in mice and an involvement of the endocannabinoid system through CB1 and CB2 receptors.	Nicotine	146-154	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	304-307
29551733-7	2018	Regarding the unstressed mice, CB1 and CB2 receptor ligands reversed the antidepressive effects of subchronic nicotine administration, while nicotine, in an ineffective dose, co-administered with CB2 receptor ligands, improved cognition.	Nicotine	110-118	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	39-42
29551733-7	2018	Regarding the unstressed mice, CB1 and CB2 receptor ligands reversed the antidepressive effects of subchronic nicotine administration, while nicotine, in an ineffective dose, co-administered with CB2 receptor ligands, improved cognition.	Nicotine	141-149	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	196-199
29715455-9	2018	The results showed nicotine reduced IL-17A and increased IL-4 produced by stimulated PBMCs.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	57-61
29551733-8	2018	We confirmed the role of the two main subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB1 and CB2, on stress- and nicotine-related behavioral changes in mice.	Nicotine	108-116	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	88-91
29715455-10	2018	During Th17 differentiation conditions, nicotine reduced the levels of IL-17A and RORc, induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.	Nicotine	40-48	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	82-86
29715455-10	2018	During Th17 differentiation conditions, nicotine reduced the levels of IL-17A and RORc, induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.	Nicotine	40-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	119-125
29715455-11	2018	Meanwhile, nicotine increased the levels of IL-4 and GATA3 during Th2 differentiation.	Nicotine	11-19	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
29969495-3	2018	The objective in this study was to investigate the contribution of lynx1 to nicotine-mediated antinociception.	Nicotine	76-84	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Mus musculus	67-72
29969495-4	2018	Lynx1 contribution was investigated by mRNA expression analysis and electrophysiological responses to nicotine in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a part of the pain signaling pathway.	Nicotine	102-110	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
29969495-7	2018	Nicotine evoked responses in serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in the DRN are augmented in slices lacking lynx1 (lynx1KO).	Nicotine	0-8	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Mus musculus	107-112
29725702-1	2018	RATIONALE: We previously reported that following a short-term product use period, use of non-menthol Vuse Solo electronic cigarettes (ECs) resulted in product effect-related subjective responses and nicotine uptake between those of combustible cigarettes (high-abuse liability comparator) and nicotine gum (low-abuse liability comparator); the results were generally closer to those of nicotine gum.	Nicotine	199-207	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 40	Homo sapiens	106-110
29896224-0	2018	Nicotine reduces effectiveness of doxorubicin chemotherapy and promotes CD44+CD24- cancer stem cells in MCF-7 cell populations.	Nicotine	0-8	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	77-81
29753783-10	2018	In addition, the methylation level of the promoter region of TCL1 is increased in the nicotine-treated group compared to the control group, consequently decreasing the expression of TCL1.	Nicotine	86-94	T cell lymphoma breakpoint 1	Mus musculus	61-65
29753783-10	2018	In addition, the methylation level of the promoter region of TCL1 is increased in the nicotine-treated group compared to the control group, consequently decreasing the expression of TCL1.	Nicotine	86-94	T cell lymphoma breakpoint 1	Mus musculus	182-186
29753783-11	2018	In conclusion, the autophagy in Leydig cells induced by nicotine, which is set by the hyper-methylation of the TCL1 promoter region via the TCL1-mTOR-autophagy signaling pathway.	Nicotine	56-64	T cell lymphoma breakpoint 1	Mus musculus	111-115
29753783-11	2018	In conclusion, the autophagy in Leydig cells induced by nicotine, which is set by the hyper-methylation of the TCL1 promoter region via the TCL1-mTOR-autophagy signaling pathway.	Nicotine	56-64	T cell lymphoma breakpoint 1	Mus musculus	140-144
29906478-6	2018	Increased oxidative stress by tramadol and/or nicotine sequentially augmented nuclear factor kappa B and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha with the induction of apoptosis evident by the increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity.	Nicotine	46-54	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	134-161
29750975-0	2018	Nicotine increases fear responses and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in a context-dependent manner in zebrafish.	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Danio rerio	44-64
29750975-10	2018	Nicotine also stimulated brain AChE activity in CAS-exposed animals reintroduced in tanks with similar context.	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Danio rerio	31-35
29268635-7	2018	Furthermore, COC treatment or nicotine exposure led to glucose deregulation, insulin resistance, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, uric acid, oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and corticosteroids.	Nicotine	30-38	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-177
29725702-1	2018	RATIONALE: We previously reported that following a short-term product use period, use of non-menthol Vuse Solo electronic cigarettes (ECs) resulted in product effect-related subjective responses and nicotine uptake between those of combustible cigarettes (high-abuse liability comparator) and nicotine gum (low-abuse liability comparator); the results were generally closer to those of nicotine gum.	Nicotine	293-301	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 40	Homo sapiens	106-110
29725702-1	2018	RATIONALE: We previously reported that following a short-term product use period, use of non-menthol Vuse Solo electronic cigarettes (ECs) resulted in product effect-related subjective responses and nicotine uptake between those of combustible cigarettes (high-abuse liability comparator) and nicotine gum (low-abuse liability comparator); the results were generally closer to those of nicotine gum.	Nicotine	293-301	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 40	Homo sapiens	106-110
29725702-4	2018	RESULTS: Use of menthol Vuse Solo resulted in significantly lower responses to subjective measurements (product liking, intent to use product again, and liking of positive product effects), higher urge to smoke responses, and a lower peak (Cmax) and overall extent (AUC0-360) of nicotine uptake compared to smoking the usual brand menthol cigarette.	Nicotine	279-287	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 40	Homo sapiens	29-33
29984189-0	2018	Glutathione and Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (Itih3) mRNA levels in nicotine-treated Cd44 knockout mice.	Nicotine	83-91	inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor, heavy chain 3	Mus musculus	16-59
29984189-0	2018	Glutathione and Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (Itih3) mRNA levels in nicotine-treated Cd44 knockout mice.	Nicotine	83-91	inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor, heavy chain 3	Mus musculus	61-66
28726253-2	2018	The aim of this study was to identify molecularly, biochemically and pharmacologically which nAChR subtypes are expressed and functionally activated by nicotine in lung cancer cell lines.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
29301614-4	2018	Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of mGluR2/3 in different aspects of nicotine addiction, including acquisition and maintenance of nicotine taking, nicotine withdrawal, and persistent nicotine seeking even after prolonged abstinence.	Nicotine	85-93	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2	Mus musculus	52-60
29301614-4	2018	Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of mGluR2/3 in different aspects of nicotine addiction, including acquisition and maintenance of nicotine taking, nicotine withdrawal, and persistent nicotine seeking even after prolonged abstinence.	Nicotine	146-154	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2	Mus musculus	52-60
29301614-4	2018	Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of mGluR2/3 in different aspects of nicotine addiction, including acquisition and maintenance of nicotine taking, nicotine withdrawal, and persistent nicotine seeking even after prolonged abstinence.	Nicotine	146-154	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2	Mus musculus	52-60
29301614-4	2018	Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of mGluR2/3 in different aspects of nicotine addiction, including acquisition and maintenance of nicotine taking, nicotine withdrawal, and persistent nicotine seeking even after prolonged abstinence.	Nicotine	146-154	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2	Mus musculus	52-60
29266170-8	2018	Wheel running induced a significant up-regulation of alpha7 nAChR binding in the CA2/3 area of the hippocampus of nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	114-122	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	81-84
28726253-4	2018	KEY RESULTS: The two adenocarcinoma cell lines express distinctive nAChR subtypes, and this affects their nicotine-induced proliferation.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
29572389-9	2018	Similarly, nicotine increased the expression of Wnts, beta-catenin, and fibronectin in normal glucose medium, but further increased mesangial cell expression of these proteins in high glucose milieu.	Nicotine	11-19	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	72-83
28585241-12	2018	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results indicate that mice with reduced expression of the alpha4 nAChR subunit have a more robust response to chronic nicotine than mice with normal expression of this subunit.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	94-106
29215705-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine induced expressions of CTGF, and TGF-beta in fibroblasts as identified through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-dependent activation of the AKT/TAZ signaling mechanism.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
29215705-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine induced expressions of CTGF, and TGF-beta in fibroblasts as identified through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-dependent activation of the AKT/TAZ signaling mechanism.	Nicotine	10-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	174-177
29215705-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine induced expressions of CTGF, and TGF-beta in fibroblasts as identified through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-dependent activation of the AKT/TAZ signaling mechanism.	Nicotine	10-18	tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase	Homo sapiens	178-181
29658573-7	2018	The results indicated that A549 had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha when cultured with nicotine when compared with the control cells.	Nicotine	100-108	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	56-60
29658573-7	2018	The results indicated that A549 had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha when cultured with nicotine when compared with the control cells.	Nicotine	100-108	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	62-66
29658573-7	2018	The results indicated that A549 had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha when cultured with nicotine when compared with the control cells.	Nicotine	100-108	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-80
29663646-9	2018	This study, which is the first TMT-based proteome profiling of HAP1 cells, defines further the effects of nicotine on non-neuronal cellular proteomes.	Nicotine	106-114	huntingtin associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
29572389-0	2018	Nicotine enhances mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin production in high glucose milieu via activation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	51-62
29572389-10	2018	Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of beta-catenin activity or expression with specific inhibitor FH535 or siRNA significantly impaired the nicotine/glucose-stimulated cell proliferation and fibronectin production.	Nicotine	153-161	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	204-215
29572389-11	2018	We conclude that nicotine may enhance renal mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin production under high glucose milieus partly through activating Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-88
29791835-5	2018	Electrophysiology, coupled with two-photon microscopy and laser flash photolysis of photoactivatable nicotine, was used to demonstrate nAChR functional activity in the somatodendritic subcellular compartment of VTA VGLUT2+ neurons.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
29791746-1	2018	Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	114-136
29791746-1	2018	Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	138-142
29626481-9	2018	Demethylated drug, antagonist of alpha7nAChR and inhibitor of p38 MAPK is verified to attenuate the overexpression of DNMTs stimulated by nicotine as well as inhibit aberrant hypermethylation-related silence of PENK gene.	Nicotine	138-146	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	62-65
29626481-9	2018	Demethylated drug, antagonist of alpha7nAChR and inhibitor of p38 MAPK is verified to attenuate the overexpression of DNMTs stimulated by nicotine as well as inhibit aberrant hypermethylation-related silence of PENK gene.	Nicotine	138-146	proenkephalin	Homo sapiens	211-215
29609021-7	2018	We also demonstrated that compared with the IL-6 expression elicited by CRP alone (p = 0.0489), the CRP-induced rise in monocytic IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in the presence of nicotine (p = 0.0002), is mediated by alpha7-nAChR activation and the deregulation of the human p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	182-190	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	130-134
29609021-7	2018	We also demonstrated that compared with the IL-6 expression elicited by CRP alone (p = 0.0489), the CRP-induced rise in monocytic IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in the presence of nicotine (p = 0.0002), is mediated by alpha7-nAChR activation and the deregulation of the human p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	182-190	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	278-281
29609021-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that the elevated monocytic IL-6 and alpha7-nAChR mRNA and protein expression levels are associated with the interaction between nicotine and CRP positively modulates CAS development.	Nicotine	163-171	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
29338098-0	2018	Increase in motility and invasiveness of MCF7 cancer cells induced by nicotine is abolished by melatonin through inhibition of ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	70-78	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
28641491-0	2018	Nicotine and cigarette smoke modulate Nrf2-BDNF-dopaminergic signal and neurobehavioral disorders in adult rat cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	0-8	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
29338098-4	2018	This finding suggests that melatonin hampers ERK phosphorylation presumably by targeting a still unknown intermediate factor that connects nicotine stimulation to ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	139-147	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
29338098-4	2018	This finding suggests that melatonin hampers ERK phosphorylation presumably by targeting a still unknown intermediate factor that connects nicotine stimulation to ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	139-147	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-166
29496477-8	2018	Following CNN, acute nicotine stimulated IEG expression in all three areas, but activation was significantly reduced in the LC (c-Fos, Egr-1, Npas4), and CeA (c-Fos).	Nicotine	21-29	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
28868937-0	2018	Ameliorative effect of nicotine exposure on insulin resistance is accompanied by decreased cardiac glycogen synthase kinase-3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 during oral oestrogen-progestin therapy.	Nicotine	23-31	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-163
28868937-3	2018	OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that nicotine would ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) that is accompanied by decreased cardiac glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).	Nicotine	32-40	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-195
28868937-3	2018	OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that nicotine would ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) that is accompanied by decreased cardiac glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).	Nicotine	32-40	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
28868937-5	2018	RESULTS: Data showed that COC treatment or nicotine exposure led to IR, glucose deregulation, atherogenic dyslipidemia, increased corticosterone, aldosterone, cardiac and circulating GSK-3 values and PAI-1.	Nicotine	43-51	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-205
28968632-2	2018	Here, we present the qPCR analysis of PMT2 gene, a predominant member of a multigene family from tobacco, expressed in the root tissues and is involved in the biosynthesis of nicotine.	Nicotine	175-183	putrescine N-methyltransferase 2	Nicotiana tabacum	38-42
29338098-1	2018	Through activation of the ERK pathway, nicotine, in both normal MCF-10A and low-malignant breast cancer cells (MCF7), promotes increased motility and invasiveness.	Nicotine	39-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
29621993-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The identification of variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes associated with smoking phenotypes are increasingly important for prevention and treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-82
29621993-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The identification of variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes associated with smoking phenotypes are increasingly important for prevention and treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
29475793-4	2018	Here we investigated whether caffeine and nicotine, alone or combined with haloperidol, elicited significant changes in the levels of both transcripts and proteins of the PSD members Homer1 and Arc, which have been implicated in synaptic plasticity, schizophrenia pathophysiology, and antipsychotics molecular action.	Nicotine	42-50	homer scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	183-189
29475793-5	2018	Homer1a mRNA expression was significantly reduced by caffeine and nicotine, alone or combined with haloperidol, compared to haloperidol.	Nicotine	66-74	homer scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
29475793-9	2018	Homer1b mRNA expression was significantly increased by nicotine and nicotine plus haloperidol, while protein levels were unaffected.	Nicotine	68-76	homer scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
29475793-8	2018	Both Homer1a and Arc protein levels were significantly increased by caffeine, nicotine, and nicotine plus haloperidol.	Nicotine	78-86	homer scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	5-12
29475793-8	2018	Both Homer1a and Arc protein levels were significantly increased by caffeine, nicotine, and nicotine plus haloperidol.	Nicotine	92-100	homer scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	5-12
29475793-9	2018	Homer1b mRNA expression was significantly increased by nicotine and nicotine plus haloperidol, while protein levels were unaffected.	Nicotine	55-63	homer scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
29486207-0	2018	nAChRs-ERK1/2-Egr-1 signaling participates in the developmental toxicity of nicotine by epigenetically down-regulating placental 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	76-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	7-13
29486207-7	2018	In human BeWo cells, nicotine decreased 11beta-HSD2 expression, increased nAChRalpha9 expression, and activated ERK1/2/Elk-1/Egr-1 signaling in the concentration (0.1-10 muM)-dependent manner.	Nicotine	21-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	112-118
29486207-8	2018	Antagonism of nAChRs, inhibition of ERK1/2 and Egr-1 knockdown by siRNA were able to block/abrogate the effects of nicotine on histone modification and expression of 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	115-123	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	36-42
29519998-4	2018	Our bio-realistic computational model explains nicotine"s effects via the disruption of endogenous bioelectrical gradients and predicts that exogenous HCN2 ion channels would restore the endogenous bioelectric prepatterns necessary for brain patterning.	Nicotine	47-55	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2	Homo sapiens	151-155
29615536-2	2018	The effects of nicotine on the pups ovaries were associated with decreased expression of oocyte specific genes such as Nobox, Lhx8, Figlalpha and Sohlh2.	Nicotine	15-23	spermatogenesis and oogenesis specific basic helix-loop-helix 2	Mus musculus	146-152
29615536-3	2018	Moreover, the ovaries of pups injected with nicotine showed increased level of cell oxidative stress and autophagic markers (upregulation of AMPKalpha-1, increased ratio LC3-II/LC3-I, downregulation of AKT and mTOR).	Nicotine	44-52	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	141-152
29615536-3	2018	Moreover, the ovaries of pups injected with nicotine showed increased level of cell oxidative stress and autophagic markers (upregulation of AMPKalpha-1, increased ratio LC3-II/LC3-I, downregulation of AKT and mTOR).	Nicotine	44-52	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	202-205
29437173-7	2018	Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers.	Nicotine	69-77	forkhead box G1	Homo sapiens	149-154
29519998-5	2018	Voltage mapping in vivo confirms these predictions, and exogenous expression of the HCN2 ion channel rescues nicotine-exposed embryos, resulting in normal brain morphology and molecular marker expression, with near-normal learning capacity.	Nicotine	109-117	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
28960086-8	2018	In the mothers" lungs, e-cigarette exposure with and without nicotine increased the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	61-69	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	110-118
28960086-8	2018	In the mothers" lungs, e-cigarette exposure with and without nicotine increased the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	61-69	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	120-124
28960086-8	2018	In the mothers" lungs, e-cigarette exposure with and without nicotine increased the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	61-69	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	130-139
29065194-0	2018	Nicotine-Induced Neuroprotection against Cognitive Dysfunction after Partial Hepatectomy Involves Activation of BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway and Inhibition of NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway in Aged Rats.	Nicotine	0-8	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
29065194-7	2018	Results: We found that nicotine markedly attenuated the POCD and reduced the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including IL-1beta and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), on postoperative day 1.	Nicotine	23-31	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	143-151
29065194-8	2018	Additionally, nicotine suppressed the surgery-induced release of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, HMGB1, and NF-kappaB p65 in the hippocampus on postoperative day 1 and day 3.	Nicotine	14-22	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
29065194-8	2018	Additionally, nicotine suppressed the surgery-induced release of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, HMGB1, and NF-kappaB p65 in the hippocampus on postoperative day 1 and day 3.	Nicotine	14-22	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	75-84
29065194-8	2018	Additionally, nicotine suppressed the surgery-induced release of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, HMGB1, and NF-kappaB p65 in the hippocampus on postoperative day 1 and day 3.	Nicotine	14-22	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
29065194-10	2018	However, nicotine pre-treatment clearly reversed the surgical stress-induced decrease in both BDNF and p-TrkB expression in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	9-17	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
29065194-12	2018	Conclusions: Our results showed that nicotine-induced neuroprotection against POCD may involve activation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Nicotine	37-45	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
29510587-8	2018	More specifically, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Wnt5a expression was dramatically upregulated after nicotine treatment, and Wnt5a rescued organoid growth and differentiation in response to mecamylamine.	Nicotine	109-117	Wnt family member 5A	Homo sapiens	57-62
29355739-0	2018	Nicotine induces apoptosis in human osteoblasts via a novel mechanism driven by H2O2 and entailing Glyoxalase 1-dependent MG-H1 accumulation leading to TG2-mediated NF-kB desensitization: Implication for smokers-related osteoporosis.	Nicotine	0-8	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	152-155
29363182-4	2018	In two clinical studies, we evaluated intranasal insulin for efficacy in improving learning and memory function during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	119-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
29161446-7	2018	Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols with and without nicotine caused significant reductions in hippocampal gene expression of Ngfr and Bdnf, as well as in serum levels of cytokines IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6.	Nicotine	50-58	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	123-127
29339018-12	2018	Consequently, chronic nicotine played a role of neuroprotection in either CUS mice or corticosterone cells associating with the enhancement of the autophagy signaling, which was involved in activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.	Nicotine	22-30	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	210-213
29181816-9	2018	Both groups had significant nicotine-induced activation of dACC and rACC in response to errors.	Nicotine	28-36	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	59-63
29161446-7	2018	Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols with and without nicotine caused significant reductions in hippocampal gene expression of Ngfr and Bdnf, as well as in serum levels of cytokines IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6.	Nicotine	50-58	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	198-202
29416034-0	2018	Nicotine promotes atherosclerosis via ROS-NLRP3-mediated endothelial cell pyroptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	42-47
29470537-8	2018	In addition, nicotine inhibited TNFalpha release by LPS activated mPGES-1 (+/+) splenocytes in vitro.	Nicotine	13-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	32-40
29416034-7	2018	Moreover, silencing NLRP3 or ASC by small interfering RNA efficiently suppressed nicotine-induced caspase-1 cleavage, IL-18 and IL-1beta production, and pyroptosis in HAECs.	Nicotine	81-89	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	20-25
29416034-5	2018	We found that nicotine resulted in larger atherosclerotic plaques and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD).	Nicotine	14-22	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	109-113
29416034-7	2018	Moreover, silencing NLRP3 or ASC by small interfering RNA efficiently suppressed nicotine-induced caspase-1 cleavage, IL-18 and IL-1beta production, and pyroptosis in HAECs.	Nicotine	81-89	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	29-32
29416034-7	2018	Moreover, silencing NLRP3 or ASC by small interfering RNA efficiently suppressed nicotine-induced caspase-1 cleavage, IL-18 and IL-1beta production, and pyroptosis in HAECs.	Nicotine	81-89	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	98-107
29416034-6	2018	Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with nicotine resulted in NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase-1, production of downstream interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, and elevation of LDH activity and increase of propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, which were all inhibited by caspase-1 inhibitor.	Nicotine	57-65	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	78-83
29416034-7	2018	Moreover, silencing NLRP3 or ASC by small interfering RNA efficiently suppressed nicotine-induced caspase-1 cleavage, IL-18 and IL-1beta production, and pyroptosis in HAECs.	Nicotine	81-89	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	128-136
29416034-8	2018	Further experiments revealed that the nicotine-NLRP3-ASC-pyroptosis pathway was activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), since ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-cysteine, NAC) prevented endothelial cell pyroptosis.	Nicotine	38-46	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	47-52
29416034-6	2018	Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with nicotine resulted in NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase-1, production of downstream interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, and elevation of LDH activity and increase of propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, which were all inhibited by caspase-1 inhibitor.	Nicotine	57-65	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	84-87
29416034-8	2018	Further experiments revealed that the nicotine-NLRP3-ASC-pyroptosis pathway was activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), since ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-cysteine, NAC) prevented endothelial cell pyroptosis.	Nicotine	38-46	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	53-56
29416034-6	2018	Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with nicotine resulted in NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase-1, production of downstream interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, and elevation of LDH activity and increase of propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, which were all inhibited by caspase-1 inhibitor.	Nicotine	57-65	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	156-165
29416034-9	2018	We conclude that pyroptosis is likely a cellular mechanism for the pro-atherosclerotic property of nicotine and stimulation of ROS to activate NLRP3 inflammasome is a signaling mechanism for nicotine-induced pyroptosis.	Nicotine	191-199	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	143-148
29416034-6	2018	Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with nicotine resulted in NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase-1, production of downstream interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, and elevation of LDH activity and increase of propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, which were all inhibited by caspase-1 inhibitor.	Nicotine	57-65	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	338-347
29396474-0	2018	Nicotine associated breast cancer in smokers is mediated through high level of EZH2 expression which can be reversed by methyltransferase inhibitor DZNepA.	Nicotine	0-8	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-83
29396474-3	2018	In the present study, for the first time we have shown NIC-induced enhanced EZH2 expression.	Nicotine	55-58	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-80
29396474-6	2018	The upregulation in EZH2, which is due to NIC, was further confirmed in breast carcinoma cell lines using 10 microM NIC, 1 microM DZNepA, and EZH2si.	Nicotine	42-45	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-24
28963785-0	2018	Nicotine increases apoptosis in HUVECs cultured in high glucose/high fat via Akt ubiquitination and degradation.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
28963785-7	2018	Moreover, nicotine induced Akt degradation via UPS, and Akt overexpression blocked nicotine-induced apoptosis in HUVECs cultured in HG/HF media.	Nicotine	10-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
28963785-7	2018	Moreover, nicotine induced Akt degradation via UPS, and Akt overexpression blocked nicotine-induced apoptosis in HUVECs cultured in HG/HF media.	Nicotine	83-91	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
28963785-8	2018	Furthermore, the TTC3 and MUL1 shRNA adenovirus dramatically decreased the Akt ubiquitination and apoptosis induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
28963785-9	2018	These results indicate that nicotine-induced Akt ubiquitination and degradation occurs through TTC3 and MUL1 and results in a dramatic increase in apoptosis in HUVECs cultured in HG/HF media.	Nicotine	28-36	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
28407244-6	2018	A slight downregulation of NFkB pathway and an increase in the production of TNF-alpha and, particularly PGE2, were involved in the observed effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	152-160	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-86
29247491-5	2018	The hydrophilic nicotine was ineffective unless applied unprotonated in alkaline (pH9) solution, activating TRPA1 and TRPV1.	Nicotine	16-24	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	118-123
29225110-6	2018	Prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure induced oxidative stress, did not affect the mitochondrial functions, increased the monoamine oxidase activity, increased caspase expression and decreased ILK, PSD-95 and GLUR1 expression without affecting the GSK-3beta.	Nicotine	9-17	integrin linked kinase	Homo sapiens	194-197
29293602-11	2018	Giving nicotine (100 mug/ml) in drinking water to WT mice for 3 weeks differentially increased the expression of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, alpha7, beta2 and beta4 mRNAs in circumvallate TRCs to varying degrees.	Nicotine	7-15	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	113-151
29379516-3	2017	Here we isolated a transcription factor NtWRKY-R1 from the group IIe of WRKY family and it had strong negative correlation with the expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase, the key enzyme of nicotine synthesis pathway.	Nicotine	196-204	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	146-176
29316708-6	2018	CO causes an increased expression of NtPMT1 (a key nicotine biosynthesis enzyme), via promoting NtMYC2a binding to the G-box region of its promoter, leading to heightened nicotine levels under HT conditions.	Nicotine	51-59	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	37-43
29316708-6	2018	CO causes an increased expression of NtPMT1 (a key nicotine biosynthesis enzyme), via promoting NtMYC2a binding to the G-box region of its promoter, leading to heightened nicotine levels under HT conditions.	Nicotine	171-179	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	37-43
30384810-0	2018	Nicotine Induces Progressive Properties of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Inhibiting Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Expression and Plasma Membrane Localization.	Nicotine	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	88-139
28762314-2	2018	Many nAChR subunits have been identified and shown to be involved in signal transduction on binding to them of either the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or exogenous ligands such as nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
28762314-5	2018	This review intends to provide insights into recent advances in nAChR signaling, considering the subtypes and subunits of nAChRs and their roles in nicotinic cholinergic systems, including structure, diversity, functional allosteric modulation, targeted knockout mutations, and rare variations of specific subunits, and the potency and functional effects of mutations by focusing on their effects on nicotine addiction (NA) and smoking cessation (SC).	Nicotine	400-408	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
29110618-6	2018	Recent studies have demonstrated that the alpha4, beta2, and alpha7 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) participate in the cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	175-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
30423575-5	2018	Nicotine withdrawal was monitored by evaluating the following objective signs - skin conductance, heart rate, temperature, respiration, locomotor activity, cortisol, prolactin and ACTH levels as well as craving.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	180-184
29618714-0	2018	Nicotine and methyl vinyl ketone, major components of cigarette smoke extracts, increase protective amyloid-beta peptides in cells harboring amyloid-beta precursor protein.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	100-112
29618714-0	2018	Nicotine and methyl vinyl ketone, major components of cigarette smoke extracts, increase protective amyloid-beta peptides in cells harboring amyloid-beta precursor protein.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	141-171
29618714-2	2018	To investigate the role of smoking in Abeta production, we determined the production of Abeta species in the presence of nicotine or methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), major components of cigarette smoke extracts, in Flp-In  T-REx -293 (T-REx293) cells harboring a single copy of human APP.	Nicotine	121-129	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	88-93
29618714-7	2018	T-REx293 cells expressed the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and tubocurarine, an nAChR antagonist, completely blocked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-61
29618714-7	2018	T-REx293 cells expressed the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and tubocurarine, an nAChR antagonist, completely blocked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
29618714-7	2018	T-REx293 cells expressed the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and tubocurarine, an nAChR antagonist, completely blocked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
29618714-8	2018	Treatment with nicotine significantly elevated cellular levels of beta-secretase that cleaves APP prior to Abeta generation.	Nicotine	15-23	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	107-112
29618714-9	2018	Taken together, a protective role of nicotine against AD pathology was suggested by enhanced extracellular Abeta1-40 production, which may suppress Abeta fibrillogenesis.	Nicotine	37-45	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	107-112
28859996-2	2018	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists such as nicotine may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for this population.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
28859996-2	2018	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists such as nicotine may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for this population.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
30384810-0	2018	Nicotine Induces Progressive Properties of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Inhibiting Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Expression and Plasma Membrane Localization.	Nicotine	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	141-145
30384810-5	2018	In the present study, we aimed to interrogate the impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator on the nicotine-promoted progressive potency in lung adenocarcinoma cells by assessing capacities of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to cell migration, invasion, and clonogenicity and the expression of markers of cell proliferation and lung stem cell-related transcription factors in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.	Nicotine	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-111
30384810-6	2018	The exposure of nicotine exhibited an ability to enhance progressive properties of adenocarcinoma cells including A549 cells, HCC827 cells, and PC-9 cells, alone with an inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein expression.	Nicotine	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	184-235
30384810-7	2018	Remarkably, an overexpression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator significantly inhibited the progressive potency of A549 cells, including capacity of cell migration and invasion and clonogenicity, along with a decreased expression of cell proliferative markers Ki67, p63, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cancer stem cell marker CD133, stem cell pluripotency-related transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4, and sex-determining region Y-box 2, regardless of the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	528-536	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-84
30176160-9	2018	Nicotine treatment increased the proportion of Th2 and Treg cells, decreased the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen, reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines, and attenuated the severity of myocardium lesions and cellular infiltration in viral myocarditis.	Nicotine	0-8	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	95-98
29074617-9	2017	Moreover, nicotine altered nAChR assembly in the ER, resulting in increased production of the receptor isoform that traffics more efficiently to the cell surface.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
29074617-10	2017	We conclude that the combined effects of the increased assembly of one nAChR stoichiometry and its preferential trafficking likely drive the up-regulation of nAChRs on the cell surface upon nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
29206881-5	2017	Lynx1 removal reduced the alpha6 component of nicotine-mediated rubidium efflux and dopamine (DA) release from synaptosomal preparations with no effect on numbers of alpha6beta2 binding sites, indicating that lynx1 is functionally important for alpha6* nAChR activity.	Nicotine	46-54	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
29236702-6	2017	In the peritoneal macrophages from obese rats, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin 1beta and CD36 were increased, and were further increased in nicotine-treated obese rats.	Nicotine	155-163	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	47-80
29236702-6	2017	In the peritoneal macrophages from obese rats, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin 1beta and CD36 were increased, and were further increased in nicotine-treated obese rats.	Nicotine	155-163	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	82-99
29236702-8	2017	HUVECs, incubated with conditioned medium from the peritoneal macrophages of nicotine treated-obese rats, exhibited reduced eNOS and increased NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p22phox expression.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	179-186
29158387-4	2017	Here we identified two nonoverlapping alpha5 + cell populations (alpha5- Amigo1 and alpha5- Epyc ) in mouse IPN that respond differentially to nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	adhesion molecule with Ig like domain 1	Mus musculus	73-79
29158387-5	2017	Chronic nicotine treatment altered the translational profile of more than 1,000 genes in alpha5- Amigo1 neurons, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos1) and somatostatin (Sst).	Nicotine	8-16	adhesion molecule with Ig like domain 1	Mus musculus	97-103
29158387-8	2017	Moreover, in vivo silencing of neurotransmitter release from the alpha5- Amigo1 but not from the alpha5- Epyc population eliminates nicotine reward, measured using place preference.	Nicotine	132-140	adhesion molecule with Ig like domain 1	Mus musculus	73-79
29206881-5	2017	Lynx1 removal reduced the alpha6 component of nicotine-mediated rubidium efflux and dopamine (DA) release from synaptosomal preparations with no effect on numbers of alpha6beta2 binding sites, indicating that lynx1 is functionally important for alpha6* nAChR activity.	Nicotine	46-54	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Mus musculus	209-214
29206881-8	2017	Lynx1 removal affected some behaviors, including a novel-environment assay and nicotine-stimulated locomotion.	Nicotine	79-87	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
29172281-0	2017	SNP rs16969968 as a Strong Predictor of Nicotine Dependence and Lung Cancer Risk in a North Indian Population Background: The 15q24-25 loci contain genes (CHRNA5 and CHRNA3) encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptorsubunits.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-161
28986172-5	2017	Nicotine in vitro inhibited androgen production in Leydig cells by downregulating the expression levels of P450 cholesterol side cleavage enzyme, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, and steroidogenic factor 1 at different concentration ranges.	Nicotine	0-8	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-182
29196725-2	2017	There is growing evidence that genetic variations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits influence the risk of nicotine dependence and the ability to quit smoking.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-85
29196725-2	2017	There is growing evidence that genetic variations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits influence the risk of nicotine dependence and the ability to quit smoking.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
29196725-3	2017	To investigate the role of polymorphisms in nAChR genes on smoking quantity and the outcome of smoking-cessation therapies, we carried out an association study on 337 smokers who underwent pharmacotherapy with varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone, or NRT plus bupropion.	Nicotine	234-242	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
29416638-7	2018	Nicotine-treated hUC-MSCs produce higher level of IL-6.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	50-54
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	118-128
29058303-4	2017	Despite the increased diffusion, nicotine in combination with TOB significantly increased mucosal cell survival (p &lt; 0.05) by reducing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm when compared with nicotine without TOB.	Nicotine	33-41	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	167-179
29058303-5	2017	The average percentage distribution of cytochrome c in the cytosolic fraction over time of nicotine + 79% ethyl alcohol (ETOH) versus nicotine plus TOB (79% ETOH) was significantly different over 120 min (60.0 +- 29.9% cytosol, 16.1 +- 9.4% cytosol, p = 0.03).	Nicotine	91-99	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	39-51
29058303-6	2017	Related to the reduction of cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, TOB suppressed caspase-3 and -9 activity, thereby preventing intrinsic apoptosis and providing cytoprotection of the mucosal cells (ETOH + nicotine vs ETOH + nicotine + TOB: p = 0.008 for caspase 3, p &lt; 0.001 for caspase 9).	Nicotine	208-216	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	84-100
29058303-6	2017	Related to the reduction of cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, TOB suppressed caspase-3 and -9 activity, thereby preventing intrinsic apoptosis and providing cytoprotection of the mucosal cells (ETOH + nicotine vs ETOH + nicotine + TOB: p = 0.008 for caspase 3, p &lt; 0.001 for caspase 9).	Nicotine	227-235	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	84-100
29058303-7	2017	CONCLUSION: Two hours of TOB (17-24% benzoin, 79% ETOH) plus nicotine promotes diffusion of nicotine across human mucosal cells and simultaneously prevents human mucosal cell toxicity by inhibiting cytochrome c release into the cytosol, thereby preventing caspase 3 and 9 activity and subsequent intrinsic apoptosis.	Nicotine	61-69	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	198-210
29058303-7	2017	CONCLUSION: Two hours of TOB (17-24% benzoin, 79% ETOH) plus nicotine promotes diffusion of nicotine across human mucosal cells and simultaneously prevents human mucosal cell toxicity by inhibiting cytochrome c release into the cytosol, thereby preventing caspase 3 and 9 activity and subsequent intrinsic apoptosis.	Nicotine	61-69	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	256-265
28944930-8	2017	Treatment with nicotine decreased AP and osteocalcin levels, increased TNF-alpha and COX-2 expression levels, and led to alveolar bone loss compared with the control group.	Nicotine	15-23	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	41-52
28944930-8	2017	Treatment with nicotine decreased AP and osteocalcin levels, increased TNF-alpha and COX-2 expression levels, and led to alveolar bone loss compared with the control group.	Nicotine	15-23	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
29039603-0	2017	Blockade of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors inhibit nicotine-induced tumor growth and vimentin expression in non-small cell lung cancer through MEK/ERK signaling way.	Nicotine	61-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	153-156
29039603-0	2017	Blockade of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors inhibit nicotine-induced tumor growth and vimentin expression in non-small cell lung cancer through MEK/ERK signaling way.	Nicotine	61-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	157-160
29039603-8	2017	Furthermore, under the stimulation of nicotine, the MEK/ERK signaling pathway was found to be inhibited when cells were treated with an antagonist of alpha7nAChR or an inhibitor of MEK.	Nicotine	38-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	52-55
29039603-8	2017	Furthermore, under the stimulation of nicotine, the MEK/ERK signaling pathway was found to be inhibited when cells were treated with an antagonist of alpha7nAChR or an inhibitor of MEK.	Nicotine	38-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
29039603-8	2017	Furthermore, under the stimulation of nicotine, the MEK/ERK signaling pathway was found to be inhibited when cells were treated with an antagonist of alpha7nAChR or an inhibitor of MEK.	Nicotine	38-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	181-184
29020601-2	2017	The current study extends this research into the human laboratory as the first clinical study into the effects of the PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the abuse potential of nicotine.	Nicotine	178-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	118-128
29145840-8	2017	Moreover, 180 mg/kg/d MEGR reversed increases in malondialdehyde production, decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and the reduced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 in the nicotine-sensitized Nacc.	Nicotine	238-246	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	166-209
28931778-5	2017	Nicotine (10 nM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-1beta and iNOS, but not TNF-alpha and MCP-1.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	72-80
28931778-5	2017	Nicotine (10 nM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-1beta and iNOS, but not TNF-alpha and MCP-1.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
28849146-0	2017	Nicotine induces H9C2 cell apoptosis via Akt protein degradation.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
29117550-4	2017	We show that the nAChR gene acr-19 and alg-1, a key Argonaute-family member in the microRNA machinery, are specifically required for nicotine withdrawal response following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	133-141	AcetylCholine Receptor	Caenorhabditis elegans	28-34
29117550-4	2017	We show that the nAChR gene acr-19 and alg-1, a key Argonaute-family member in the microRNA machinery, are specifically required for nicotine withdrawal response following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	180-188	AcetylCholine Receptor	Caenorhabditis elegans	28-34
29117550-5	2017	Chronic exposure to nicotine downregulates alg-1, leading to upregulation of acr-19.	Nicotine	20-28	AcetylCholine Receptor	Caenorhabditis elegans	77-83
28901402-7	2017	CORM-3 attenuated the LPS- and nicotine-induced production of PGE2, COX-2 and RANKL in human PDLCs by releasing CO, and upregulated the expression of OPG.	Nicotine	31-39	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
28602809-10	2017	They are suggested to mediate the deleterious effects of the major tobacco component, nicotine, a nAChR agonist.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
28849146-9	2017	The protein level of Akt was downregulated by nicotine in a concentration-dependent manner (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	46-54	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
28849146-11	2017	The cell viability was significantly improved by Akt overexpression when cells were exposed to nicotine at 10 microM, compared with control cells.	Nicotine	95-103	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
28849146-12	2017	Nicotine also upregulated the level of TTC3 mRNA (P&lt;0.05) and the protein level of Akt, and cell viability was recovered by TTC3 siRNA.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
28849146-13	2017	In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that nicotine induced H9C2 cell apoptosis via Akt protein degradation, which may be mediated by TTC3.	Nicotine	51-59	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
29017931-4	2017	Our results showed that acute nicotine administered prior to extinction sessions downregulated the phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 in the ventral hippocampus, but not dorsal hippocampus, and JNK1 in both dorsal and ventral hippocampus on the 3rd extinction day.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	123-129
28890319-0	2017	Arctic Abeta40 blocks the nicotine-induced neuroprotective effect of CHRNA7 by inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway in human neuroblastoma cells.	Nicotine	26-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	94-100
28462940-4	2017	We used whole-cell patch clamp recording to investigate the effect of chronic nicotine (cNIC) on synaptic plasticity in dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium-spiny neurons in the indirect, striatopallidal pathway in dorsolateral striatum.	Nicotine	78-86	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	120-140
29017931-4	2017	Our results showed that acute nicotine administered prior to extinction sessions downregulated the phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 in the ventral hippocampus, but not dorsal hippocampus, and JNK1 in both dorsal and ventral hippocampus on the 3rd extinction day.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	190-194
28890319-8	2017	Furthermore, Arctic Abeta40 blocked the neuroprotective effect of nicotine by inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway downstream of CHRNA7.	Nicotine	66-74	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	93-99
28890319-9	2017	Moreover, we show that ERK1/2 activation mediates the neuroprotective effect of nicotine against oxidative stress.	Nicotine	80-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	23-29
29017931-7	2017	Finally, acute nicotine injections immediately after extinction sessions upregulated the phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 in the ventral hippocampus, but did not affect JNK1.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	113-119
29089568-3	2017	Here, we used AFM imaging and NMR, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry to monitor in vitro how Abeta aggregation is affected by the cigarette-related compounds nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with one to five aromatic rings, and the metal ions Cd(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), and Pb(IV).	Nicotine	160-168	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	95-100
28665927-6	2017	In agreement with this, overexpression of p66shc or knockdown of Nrf2/MnSOD augmented nicotine-induced ROS production in renal proximal tubule cells.ConclusionChronic nicotine exposure incites higher oxidative stress in the adolescent than in adult kidney because of a pre-existent pro-oxidant milieu.	Nicotine	86-94	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	65-69
28665927-6	2017	In agreement with this, overexpression of p66shc or knockdown of Nrf2/MnSOD augmented nicotine-induced ROS production in renal proximal tubule cells.ConclusionChronic nicotine exposure incites higher oxidative stress in the adolescent than in adult kidney because of a pre-existent pro-oxidant milieu.	Nicotine	86-94	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	70-75
28665927-6	2017	In agreement with this, overexpression of p66shc or knockdown of Nrf2/MnSOD augmented nicotine-induced ROS production in renal proximal tubule cells.ConclusionChronic nicotine exposure incites higher oxidative stress in the adolescent than in adult kidney because of a pre-existent pro-oxidant milieu.	Nicotine	167-175	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	65-69
28665927-6	2017	In agreement with this, overexpression of p66shc or knockdown of Nrf2/MnSOD augmented nicotine-induced ROS production in renal proximal tubule cells.ConclusionChronic nicotine exposure incites higher oxidative stress in the adolescent than in adult kidney because of a pre-existent pro-oxidant milieu.	Nicotine	167-175	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	70-75
28586306-3	2017	Nicotine is an exogenous agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and acts as a pharmacological chaperone in the regulation of nAChR expression, potentially intervening in age-related changes in diverse molecular pathways leading to pathology.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
29062606-8	2017	In conclusion, our data indicate that nicotine likely exerts neuroprotective effects in PD through the alpha7 nAChR and downstream pathways including PARP-1 and caspase-3.	Nicotine	38-46	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	161-170
28707873-4	2017	Using amperometry to detect individual vesicle release events, we show that when calcein is present in the media, the number of vesicles that fuse with the cellular membrane is reduced when cells are stimulated with either nicotine or high K+.	Nicotine	223-231	Polykaryocytosis inducer	Homo sapiens	142-146
29062606-0	2017	The neuroprotective effect of nicotine in Parkinson"s disease models is associated with inhibiting PARP-1 and caspase-3 cleavage.	Nicotine	30-38	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
28928157-7	2017	And immunohistochemistry confirmed that the nicotine administration-induced increase of connexin 43 was located in intercellular junctions.	Nicotine	44-52	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-99
29062606-0	2017	The neuroprotective effect of nicotine in Parkinson"s disease models is associated with inhibiting PARP-1 and caspase-3 cleavage.	Nicotine	30-38	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	110-119
29062606-5	2017	Blocking alpha7 nAChR with methyllycaconitine (MLA) prevented the protective effects of nicotine, demonstrating that these receptors are necessary for the neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
29062606-5	2017	Blocking alpha7 nAChR with methyllycaconitine (MLA) prevented the protective effects of nicotine, demonstrating that these receptors are necessary for the neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
29062606-8	2017	In conclusion, our data indicate that nicotine likely exerts neuroprotective effects in PD through the alpha7 nAChR and downstream pathways including PARP-1 and caspase-3.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
29062606-8	2017	In conclusion, our data indicate that nicotine likely exerts neuroprotective effects in PD through the alpha7 nAChR and downstream pathways including PARP-1 and caspase-3.	Nicotine	38-46	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	150-156
28986583-6	2017	Nicotine at 10 micromol/L significantly downregulated the release of TNF-alpha, but showed a lesser effect on IL-8 secretion and no effect on TGF-beta.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-78
28986583-6	2017	Nicotine at 10 micromol/L significantly downregulated the release of TNF-alpha, but showed a lesser effect on IL-8 secretion and no effect on TGF-beta.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	110-114
28733145-0	2017	Adipocytes promote nicotine-induced injury of endothelial cells via the NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	19-27	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	72-81
28733145-8	2017	Our results showed that nicotine dose-dependently induces the apoptosis of HUVECs and adipocytes and is associated with increased IKKbeta and NF-kappaB p65 expression and with IkBalpha degradation.	Nicotine	24-32	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	142-151
28733145-11	2017	Moreover, the NF-kappaB pathway plays pivotal roles in nicotine-induced vascular injury.	Nicotine	55-63	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	14-23
28711174-5	2017	RESULTS: Hair nicotine levels were correlated directly with blood pressure and serum C-reactive protein, and inversely correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and endothelial cell progenitor cell prevalence.	Nicotine	14-22	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	85-103
28242873-10	2017	In the original study, intranasal insulin significantly reduced morning nicotine craving (b=3.65, P&lt;=0.05).	Nicotine	72-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
28242873-11	2017	Similarly, in the second study, intranasal insulin reduced nicotine cravings over time (b=0.065, P&lt;=0.05) and the effect lasted through the psychosocial stress period.	Nicotine	59-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
28608236-12	2017	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of GSH, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and Bax, while reducing Bcl-2, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
28608236-12	2017	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of GSH, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and Bax, while reducing Bcl-2, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
28608236-12	2017	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of GSH, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and Bax, while reducing Bcl-2, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
28928157-5	2017	Western blot revealed that eliciting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway by nicotine treatment showed a significant reduction in the amounts of collagens, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators in the left ventricular infarcted border zone via inhibited NF-kappaB activation, whereas it increased the phosphorylated connexin 43.	Nicotine	82-90	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	327-338
29085297-5	2017	As intranasal insulin has been shown in clinical trials to be effective in reducing nicotine cravings, in the remainder of the review, hypothesis-generating literature for additional mediators (i.e., other than the already shown nicotine craving) of smoking persistence will be reviewed.	Nicotine	84-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
29085297-5	2017	As intranasal insulin has been shown in clinical trials to be effective in reducing nicotine cravings, in the remainder of the review, hypothesis-generating literature for additional mediators (i.e., other than the already shown nicotine craving) of smoking persistence will be reviewed.	Nicotine	229-237	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
28126360-7	2017	IL-6 was weakly inverse associated with omega-6 PUFA, and highly increased in nicotine users.	Nicotine	78-86	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
28766689-5	2017	Here, we demonstrated that nicotine exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by TIPE2 upregulation and phosphorylated stat3 mediated the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which was supported by the following evidence: firstly, both nicotine and TIPE2 inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release via NF-kappaB inactivation.	Nicotine	229-237	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	113-118
28874590-3	2017	We addressed these challenges in the context of the alpha4beta2 nAChR, a widespread ligand-gated ion channel in the brain and a target for nicotine addiction therapy, and the 19-residue conotoxin alpha-GID that antagonizes it.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
28551462-5	2017	Meanwhile, it was found that the anti-nicotine antibodies elicited by LPKN and LPNKN bind nicotine stronger than those elicited by LPKN, and LPNK and LPNKN resulted in a more balanced Th1-Th2 immunity than LPKN.	Nicotine	38-46	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	184-187
28551462-5	2017	Meanwhile, it was found that the anti-nicotine antibodies elicited by LPKN and LPNKN bind nicotine stronger than those elicited by LPKN, and LPNK and LPNKN resulted in a more balanced Th1-Th2 immunity than LPKN.	Nicotine	90-98	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	184-187
28675817-8	2017	CONCLUSION: The PATH Study Adult Wave 1 Questionnaire provided psychometrically valid measures of TD that enables future regulatory investigations of nicotine dependence across tobacco products.	Nicotine	150-158	WASP family member 1	Homo sapiens	33-39
28960194-5	2017	Animals exposed to nicotine showed significantly heightened serum cotinine and IL-6 levels corresponding to those of regular European smokers.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
28546155-0	2017	Long-term nicotine exposure dampens LPS-induced nerve-mediated airway hyperreactivity in murine airways.	Nicotine	10-18	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	36-39
28546155-3	2017	The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and to explore the potential involvement of neuronal mechanisms behind nicotine"s effects in murine models in vivo and in vitro.	Nicotine	61-69	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	93-96
28546155-9	2017	Interestingly, long-term nicotine exposure markedly dampened this LPS-induced AHR both in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	25-33	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	66-69
28546155-11	2017	In conclusion, long-term nicotine exposure dampened LPS-induced AHR.	Nicotine	25-33	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	52-55
28766689-5	2017	Here, we demonstrated that nicotine exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by TIPE2 upregulation and phosphorylated stat3 mediated the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which was supported by the following evidence: firstly, both nicotine and TIPE2 inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release via NF-kappaB inactivation.	Nicotine	27-35	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	113-118
28766689-7	2017	Moreover, the enhancement of stat3 phosphorylation and decrease of LPS-induced p65 translocation were achieved by nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	114-122	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	29-34
28766689-8	2017	Importantly, nicotine treatment augments the interaction of phosphorylated stat3 and p65, indicating that the inhibitory effect of nicotine on NF-kappaB activation was mediated with protein-protein interactions.	Nicotine	13-21	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	75-80
28766689-8	2017	Importantly, nicotine treatment augments the interaction of phosphorylated stat3 and p65, indicating that the inhibitory effect of nicotine on NF-kappaB activation was mediated with protein-protein interactions.	Nicotine	131-139	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	75-80
28766689-9	2017	Hence, this study revealed that TIPE2 upregulation and stat3 phosphorylation contribute to nicotine-mediated anti-inflammation effect, indicating that TIPE2 and stat3 might be potential molecules for dealing with inflammation-associated diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	55-60
28766689-9	2017	Hence, this study revealed that TIPE2 upregulation and stat3 phosphorylation contribute to nicotine-mediated anti-inflammation effect, indicating that TIPE2 and stat3 might be potential molecules for dealing with inflammation-associated diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	161-166
28440100-8	2017	Moreover, nicotine increased the mRNA levels of TAA-induced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen type I alpha 1 in the liver.	Nicotine	10-18	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	93-101
28852126-6	2017	To determine smoking effect on FSTL1, normal cell BEAS2B and lung cancer cell lines was treated with nicotine and the results showed nicotine increased the proliferation of these cells.	Nicotine	133-141	follistatin like 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
28852126-7	2017	Interestingly, FSTL1 attenuated nicotine-induced BEAS2B and lung cancer cell line proliferation.	Nicotine	32-40	follistatin like 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
28852126-10	2017	FSTL1 may prevent nicotine-induced lung cancer cell proliferation.	Nicotine	18-26	follistatin like 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28853501-9	2017	RT-PCR and Western blot showed the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN), and the Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) were lower than in the control group when nicotine suppressed the PDLSCs (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	202-210	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	152-158
28878681-2	2017	Our previous studies suggested that alpha5-nAChR mediates nicotine-induced lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
28878681-6	2017	In vivo, alpha5-nAChR silencing inhibited the growth of lung tumors, especially in the context of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
28878681-8	2017	These results reveal that alpha5-nAChR silencing inhibits the progression of nicotine-related NSCLC, making this receptor a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of nicotine-related lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
28878681-8	2017	These results reveal that alpha5-nAChR silencing inhibits the progression of nicotine-related NSCLC, making this receptor a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of nicotine-related lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	178-186	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
29100355-8	2017	Nicotine differentially increased DNMT3a expression and global DNA methylation levels in LV tissues.	Nicotine	0-8	DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
29100355-9	2017	Treatment with 5-Aza inhibited nicotine-induced an increase in DNMT3a and global DNA methylation, and blocked the nicotine-induced increase in I/R injury and dysfunction in the heart.	Nicotine	31-39	DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
28691127-8	2017	It is worthy to note that nicotine toxicity induced significant increments in serum inflammatory markers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha and vascular cell adhesion protein 1.	Nicotine	26-34	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	106-133
28791704-6	2017	Granulocyte abundance, nAChR expression, and nAChR upregulation following chronic nicotine administration makes granulocytes interesting models for identifying protein markers of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
28791704-7	2017	Nicotinic receptor subunits and several non-nAChR proteins have been identified as protein markers of granulocyte nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
28722015-8	2017	Moreover, TRPV1 knockouts have reduced Schaffer collateral LTP, which is rescued by activating OLM neurons with nicotine-via alpha2beta2-containing nicotinic receptors-to bypass innervation defects.	Nicotine	112-120	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	10-15
28867672-7	2017	E-liquid, nicotine, and E-liquid+ nicotine reduced phagocytic recognition molecules; SR-A1 and TLR-2.	Nicotine	34-42	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	95-100
28867672-8	2017	IL-8 secretion increased with flavor and nicotine, while TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and MCP-1 decreased after exposure to most flavors and nicotine.	Nicotine	41-49	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
28759616-0	2017	Altered nicotine reward-associated behavior following alpha4 nAChR subunit deletion in ventral midbrain.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	54-66
28750889-0	2017	Reciprocal activation of alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 in nicotine-induced human lung cancer cell proliferation.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
28750889-0	2017	Reciprocal activation of alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 in nicotine-induced human lung cancer cell proliferation.	Nicotine	51-59	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	42-47
28750889-6	2017	Nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR mRNA and protein in NSCLC cell lines and activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascade.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
28750889-6	2017	Nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR mRNA and protein in NSCLC cell lines and activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascade.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	106-111
28750889-7	2017	Nicotine-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling was inhibited by the silencing of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	36-41
28750889-7	2017	Nicotine-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling was inhibited by the silencing of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
28750889-10	2017	By silencing STAT3 expression, nicotine-induced upregulation of alpha5-nAChR was suppressed.	Nicotine	31-39	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	13-18
28750889-10	2017	By silencing STAT3 expression, nicotine-induced upregulation of alpha5-nAChR was suppressed.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
28750889-11	2017	Downregulation of alpha5-nAChR and/or STAT3 expression inhibited nicotine-induced lung cancer cell proliferation.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
28750889-11	2017	Downregulation of alpha5-nAChR and/or STAT3 expression inhibited nicotine-induced lung cancer cell proliferation.	Nicotine	65-73	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	38-43
28750889-12	2017	These results suggest that there is a feedback loop between alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 that contributes to the nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which indicates that alpha5-nAChR is an important therapeutic target involved in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
28750889-12	2017	These results suggest that there is a feedback loop between alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 that contributes to the nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which indicates that alpha5-nAChR is an important therapeutic target involved in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	107-115	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
28750889-12	2017	These results suggest that there is a feedback loop between alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 that contributes to the nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which indicates that alpha5-nAChR is an important therapeutic target involved in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
28725182-5	2017	In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nAChR gene-deficient mice, we demonstrated that inhibition of ATP-dependent release of IL-1beta by acetylcholine (ACh), nicotine and PC depends on subunits alpha7, alpha9 and alpha10.	Nicotine	163-171	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	130-138
28959665-4	2017	Endogenous antioxidant status as the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases were found to be decreased significantly in the lung of the nicotine-treated group, which were significantly raised in resveratrol-administered groups.	Nicotine	204-212	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	71-79
28385482-0	2017	Nicotine promotes cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa migration and invasion by activating PI3k/Akt/NF-kappaB pathway in vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
28385482-0	2017	Nicotine promotes cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa migration and invasion by activating PI3k/Akt/NF-kappaB pathway in vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	98-107
28385482-5	2017	In our study, we found that nicotine could accelerate HeLa cells migration and invasion, activate PI3K/Akt and NF-kappaB pathways and increase the expression of Vimentin in vitro.	Nicotine	28-36	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
28385482-5	2017	In our study, we found that nicotine could accelerate HeLa cells migration and invasion, activate PI3K/Akt and NF-kappaB pathways and increase the expression of Vimentin in vitro.	Nicotine	28-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	111-120
28340505-3	2017	However, structures downstream of the MHb-IP axis, including the median (MnR) and caudal dorsal raphe nucleus (DRC), may contribute to the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	KIAA0753	Homo sapiens	73-76
28385482-6	2017	Moreover, we demonstrated that the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could reverse nicotine-induced cell migration and invasion, NF-kappaB activation and up-regulation of Vimentin.	Nicotine	82-90	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	128-137
28385482-7	2017	Inhibition of NF-kappaB by Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also antagonized nicotine-induced cell migration, invasion and up-regulation of Vimentin.	Nicotine	79-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	14-23
28385482-8	2017	Simply put, these findings suggest that nicotine promotes cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa migration and invasion by activating PI3k/Akt/NF-kappaB pathway in vitro.	Nicotine	40-48	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
28385482-8	2017	Simply put, these findings suggest that nicotine promotes cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa migration and invasion by activating PI3k/Akt/NF-kappaB pathway in vitro.	Nicotine	40-48	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	138-147
28340505-10	2017	Moreover, they support a cardinal role of GABAergic IP/MnR interconnections in the behavioral response to nicotine.	Nicotine	106-114	KIAA0753	Homo sapiens	55-58
28644870-9	2017	Furthermore, the mRNA expression of the pro-fibrogenic factors alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and collagen alpha1 (Col1) was enhanced in the high-concentration nicotine-treated group compared with the vehicle group after corneal injury.	Nicotine	211-219	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	63-88
28298165-3	2017	The alpha6beta2beta3 nAChR subtype is expressed in terminals of dopaminergic neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens and striatum and modulate dopamine release in brain regions involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
28644870-9	2017	Furthermore, the mRNA expression of the pro-fibrogenic factors alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and collagen alpha1 (Col1) was enhanced in the high-concentration nicotine-treated group compared with the vehicle group after corneal injury.	Nicotine	211-219	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	90-98
28644870-10	2017	Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that the alphaSMA-positive area was increased in chronic nicotine-treated mice after corneal alkali burn.	Nicotine	98-106	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	50-58
28600524-9	2017	In addition, cotinine and nicotine-cotinine mixture suppressed VEGF and IL-8 expression and upregulated TIMP-2 expression.	Nicotine	26-34	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	63-67
28600524-9	2017	In addition, cotinine and nicotine-cotinine mixture suppressed VEGF and IL-8 expression and upregulated TIMP-2 expression.	Nicotine	26-34	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	72-76
28583088-10	2017	Finally, we found that liver-specific CHRNA4 transcription was highly correlated with genes involved in the nicotine metabolism, including CYP2A6, UGT2B7, and FMO3.	Nicotine	108-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-44
28576119-14	2017	Nicotine also stimulated fibroblast proliferation via MEK-1/ERK, unveiling a potentially amplifying pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	60-63
28279662-7	2017	The present study investigated PPARalpha as a possible mediator of the effect of alpha7 nAChR activation in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	108-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	31-40
28647281-4	2017	The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetraline (8-OH-DPAT), significantly enhanced nicotine-induced tremor and the action of 8-OH-DPAT was antagonized by WAY-100135 (5-HT1A antagonist).	Nicotine	88-96	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	4-10
28647281-4	2017	The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetraline (8-OH-DPAT), significantly enhanced nicotine-induced tremor and the action of 8-OH-DPAT was antagonized by WAY-100135 (5-HT1A antagonist).	Nicotine	88-96	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	171-177
28647281-9	2017	These results suggest that postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors are involved in induction of nicotine tremor mediated by alpha7 nACh receptors.	Nicotine	86-94	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	40-46
29100274-6	2017	It indicates that nicotine increases EP4 expression through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent activations of PI3-K, JNK and PKC pathways that leads to reduction of AP-2alpha-DNA binding.	Nicotine	18-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	132-135
28584068-8	2017	The allotetraploid tobacco has homologous clusters of ERF genes on different chromosomes, which are possibly derived from two ancestral diploids and include either nicotine-controlling ERF189 or ERF199 A large chromosomal deletion was found within one allele of the nicotine-controlling NICOTINE2 locus, which is part of one of the ERF gene clusters, and which has been used to breed tobacco cultivars with a low-nicotine content.	Nicotine	164-172	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	185-191
28279662-11	2017	We also studied PPARalpha in nicotine dependence by evaluating its activation in nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	29-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	16-25
28279662-11	2017	We also studied PPARalpha in nicotine dependence by evaluating its activation in nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	81-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	16-25
28279662-13	2017	This suggests that PPARalpha plays a role in nicotine reward and withdrawal and that further studies are warranted to elucidate its function in mediating the effects of alpha7 nAChRs in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	45-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	19-28
28279662-8	2017	Our results demonstrate the PPARalpha antagonist GW6471 blocks actions of the alpha7 nAChR agonist PNU282987 on nicotine reward in an unbiased CPP test in male ICR adult mice.	Nicotine	112-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	28-37
28279662-13	2017	This suggests that PPARalpha plays a role in nicotine reward and withdrawal and that further studies are warranted to elucidate its function in mediating the effects of alpha7 nAChRs in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	186-194	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	19-28
28279662-9	2017	These findings suggests that alpha7 nAChR activation attenuates nicotine CPP in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Nicotine	64-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	82-91
28279662-10	2017	To evaluate PPARalpha activation in nicotine dependence we used the selective and potent PPARalpha agonist, WY-14643 and the clinically used PPARalpha activator, fenofibrate, in nicotine CPP and we observed attenuation of nicotine preference, but fenofibrate was less potent.	Nicotine	36-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	12-21
28496137-6	2017	MEN1 knockdown decreased nAChR alpha5 subunit expression, the clustering of alpha7 subunit-containing nAChRs at glutamatergic presynaptic terminals, and nicotine-induced presynaptic facilitation.	Nicotine	153-161	multiple endocrine neoplasia 1	Mus musculus	0-4
28258105-12	2017	CSE and nicotine-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen content were mediated through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and were dependent on PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and reduced p38-MAPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	8-16	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	156-165
28177698-8	2017	Nicotine induced high levels of liver enzymes, TGF-beta1, VCAM-1, and dyslipidemia with histopathological changes in the lung and liver.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-56
28177698-9	2017	ALA administration along with nicotine attenuated oxidative stress and normalized the SOD and GSH levels, ameliorated dyslipidemia, and improved TGF-beta1 and VCAM-1 with better histopathology of the lung and liver.	Nicotine	30-38	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-154
28243714-10	2017	Synaptosomal glutamate mGluR5 and dopamine D4 receptor expression were reduced during chronic nicotine but increased during withdrawal, potentially contributing to cognitive deficits.	Nicotine	94-102	dopamine receptor D4	Mus musculus	34-54
28257922-9	2017	DrG cell line and zebrafish exposed to nicotine significantly increased the elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) while depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidise(GPx1a) was observed.	Nicotine	39-47	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Danio rerio	160-190
28257922-9	2017	DrG cell line and zebrafish exposed to nicotine significantly increased the elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) while depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidise(GPx1a) was observed.	Nicotine	39-47	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Danio rerio	192-197
28089854-0	2017	Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice.	Nicotine	42-50	microtubule-associated protein 2	Mus musculus	90-95
28521453-4	2017	Nicotine stimulation can promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells in vitro, downregulate E-cadherin, and activate the Wnt/beta-catenin and Wnt/PCP pathways, which could be antagonized by the alpha7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) inhibitor alpha-BTX.	Nicotine	0-8	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	109-119
28638710-10	2017	CONCLUSION: This study suggests that changes in DREAM protein expression in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions of rat"s hippocampus and mean relative level of DREAM protein may involve in the mechanism of nicotine treatment-prevented REM sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Nicotine	200-208	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
28028641-1	2017	We investigated the relationship between the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the risk of nicotine dependence in Croatian schizophrenia patients.	Nicotine	158-166	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	101-130
27295092-0	2017	Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Results in the Inhibition of Baroreflex Sensitivity Induced by Intravenous Injection Angiotensin II in the Adult Male Offspring Rats.	Nicotine	9-17	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	112-126
28185965-0	2017	Cav1.2, but not Cav1.3, L-type calcium channel subtype mediates nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in mice.	Nicotine	64-72	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	0-6
28185965-3	2017	This study aims to determine the contribution of these two LTCC subtypes to nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) responses by using transgenic mouse models that do not express Cav1.3 (Cav1.3-/-) or contain a mutation in the dihydropyridine (DHP) site of the Cav1.2 (Cav1.2DHP-/-).	Nicotine	76-84	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	273-279
28185965-3	2017	This study aims to determine the contribution of these two LTCC subtypes to nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) responses by using transgenic mouse models that do not express Cav1.3 (Cav1.3-/-) or contain a mutation in the dihydropyridine (DHP) site of the Cav1.2 (Cav1.2DHP-/-).	Nicotine	76-84	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	281-293
28185965-8	2017	These results collectively indicate Cav1.2, but not Cav1.3 LTCC subtype regulates, at least in part, the reinforcing effects of nicotine use.	Nicotine	128-136	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	36-42
28100642-7	2017	Lynx1 is expressed in the habenulopeduncular tract, where alpha3beta4*-alpha5*-nAChR subtypes are critical contributors to the balance between nicotine aversion and reward.	Nicotine	143-151	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28100642-7	2017	Lynx1 is expressed in the habenulopeduncular tract, where alpha3beta4*-alpha5*-nAChR subtypes are critical contributors to the balance between nicotine aversion and reward.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
28028641-1	2017	We investigated the relationship between the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the risk of nicotine dependence in Croatian schizophrenia patients.	Nicotine	158-166	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	132-135
28028641-8	2017	This is the first study to investigate the possible association between ACE-I/D polymorphism and nicotine dependence in schizophrenia.	Nicotine	97-105	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	72-75
28028641-9	2017	Our results suggest that the ACE-I/D polymorphism may be relevant in determining the risk of nicotine dependence in female patients with schizophrenia while the ACE genotype-smoking interaction does not contribute to the clinical expression of schizophrenia.	Nicotine	93-101	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	29-32
27956702-7	2017	Our study showed that nicotine treatment significantly decreases the levels of miR-493-with a concomitant increase in the levels of Snail-an indication of progression of cells toward tumorigenesis, reestablishing the role of tobacco as a major risk factor for head and neck cancers and elucidating the mechanism behind nicotine-mediated tumorigenesis.	Nicotine	22-30	microRNA 615	Mus musculus	79-82
27604968-2	2017	miR-1305 upregulation and its potential target RUNX2 downregulation exist in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
27604968-3	2017	In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nicotine inhibits PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation by increasing miR-1305 level and decreasing RUNX2 level.	Nicotine	47-55	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	172-177
27604968-4	2017	METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-1305 and RUNX2 in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine, respectively.	Nicotine	164-172	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
27604968-8	2017	RESULTS: Nicotine promoted miR-1305 expression and inhibited RUNX2 expression in PDLSCs.	Nicotine	9-17	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-66
27604968-10	2017	Moreover, we identified and validated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-1305, and upregulation of RUNX2 had similar effects with the downregulation of miR-1305 on relieving the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs.	Nicotine	202-210	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
27604968-10	2017	Moreover, we identified and validated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-1305, and upregulation of RUNX2 had similar effects with the downregulation of miR-1305 on relieving the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs.	Nicotine	202-210	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	102-107
27604968-11	2017	CONCLUSION: Nicotine suppresses proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs depending on its target RUNX2.	Nicotine	162-170	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	205-210
28013195-7	2017	Nicotine induced dose-dependent NETosis in ex vivo neutrophils from healthy non-smokers, and co-incubation with ACPA-immune complexes or TNF-alpha facilitated a synergistic effect on NETosis.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	137-146
28296947-1	2017	The orexin/hypocretin system is important for appetitive motivation towards multiple drugs of abuse, including nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
27613895-4	2017	We have manually curated a set of genes believed to play a role in nicotine-induced nAChR upregulation.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
28109704-0	2017	Nicotine promotes vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by human trophoblast cells under hypoxic conditions and improves the proliferation and tube formation capacity of human umbilical endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	18-52
28109704-4	2017	In the present study, it is demonstrated that a low dose of nicotine decreased soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sFlt1) secretion in human trophoblast cells under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	60-68	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	87-121
28109704-5	2017	Nicotine was then observed to promote vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by reducing sFlt1 secretion and increasing VEGF mRNA transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	38-72
28109704-5	2017	Nicotine was then observed to promote vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by reducing sFlt1 secretion and increasing VEGF mRNA transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	74-78
28109704-5	2017	Nicotine was then observed to promote vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by reducing sFlt1 secretion and increasing VEGF mRNA transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	133-137
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	25-33	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	93-103
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	120-130
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	180-184
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	120-130
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	264-268
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	120-130
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	180-184
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	120-130
28109704-6	2017	Further data showed that nicotine enhanced hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA abrogated nicotine-induced VEGF secretion, indicating that HIF-1alpha may be responsible for nicotine-mediated VEGF transcription under hypoxic conditions.	Nicotine	163-171	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	264-268
28109704-7	2017	Moreover, conditioned medium from human trophoblast cells treated with nicotine under hypoxic conditions promoted the proliferation and tube formation capacity of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) by promoting VEGF secretion.	Nicotine	71-79	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	218-222
28109704-8	2017	These findings indicate that nicotine may promote VEGF secretion in human trophoblast cells under hypoxic conditions by reducing sFlt1 secretion and up-regulating VEGF transcription and improve the proliferation and tube formation of HUVEC cells, which may contribute to elucidate the protective effect of cigarette smoking against pre-eclampsia.	Nicotine	29-37	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	50-54
28109704-8	2017	These findings indicate that nicotine may promote VEGF secretion in human trophoblast cells under hypoxic conditions by reducing sFlt1 secretion and up-regulating VEGF transcription and improve the proliferation and tube formation of HUVEC cells, which may contribute to elucidate the protective effect of cigarette smoking against pre-eclampsia.	Nicotine	29-37	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	163-167
28361878-4	2017	This study provides novel structural insights into the molecular basis for alpha-conotoxin activity at alpha3beta4 nAChR, a therapeutic target where subtype specific antagonists have potential to treat nicotine addiction and lung cancer.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
28252009-0	2017	Nicotine facilitates VSMC dysfunction through a miR-200b/RhoGDIA/cytoskeleton module.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	48-56
28252009-3	2017	Here, we found that nicotine can activate the Rho GTPase pathway and induce the synthesis of the cytoskeletal proteins in VSMCs through the activation of intracellular downstream signaling pathways, including targets such as MYPT1, PAK1 and PI3K/AKT.	Nicotine	20-28	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	246-249
28252009-5	2017	By the dual luciferase reporter assay, we identified the microRNA-200b (miR-200b) as a modulator of the behavioural changes of VSMCs in response to nicotine through targeting RhoGDIA directly.	Nicotine	148-156	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	57-70
28252009-5	2017	By the dual luciferase reporter assay, we identified the microRNA-200b (miR-200b) as a modulator of the behavioural changes of VSMCs in response to nicotine through targeting RhoGDIA directly.	Nicotine	148-156	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	72-80
28252009-7	2017	Additionally, we found that hypomethylation in the CpG island shore region of miR-200b was responsible for the nicotine-induced miR-200b up-regulation in VSMCs.	Nicotine	111-119	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	78-86
28252009-7	2017	Additionally, we found that hypomethylation in the CpG island shore region of miR-200b was responsible for the nicotine-induced miR-200b up-regulation in VSMCs.	Nicotine	111-119	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	128-136
28252009-8	2017	The study demonstrates that nicotine facilitates VSMC dysfunction through a miR-200b/RhoGDIA/cytoskeleton module through the hypomethylation of miR-200b promoter and suggests that epigenetic modifications may play an important role in the pathological progression.	Nicotine	28-36	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	76-84
28252009-8	2017	The study demonstrates that nicotine facilitates VSMC dysfunction through a miR-200b/RhoGDIA/cytoskeleton module through the hypomethylation of miR-200b promoter and suggests that epigenetic modifications may play an important role in the pathological progression.	Nicotine	28-36	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	144-152
28082123-5	2017	The expression of thioredoxin-1(Trx-1) was decreased by MPP+, which was restored by nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	thioredoxin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
28082123-8	2017	Consistently, pretreatment with nicotine ameliorated the motor ability, restored the declines of Trx-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and suppressed the expressions of Bip and CHOP induced by 1-Methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice.	Nicotine	32-40	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	168-171
28219337-2	2017	In this study, RNA-sequencing was performed in acutely isolated cortical somatostatin (Sst)- positive interneurons and pyramidal neurons (Thy1) from mice treated with systemic nicotine for 14 days.	Nicotine	176-184	somatostatin	Mus musculus	73-85
28179583-1	2017	We have previously reported that activation of AMP-activated kinase alpha 2 (AMPKalpha2) by nicotine or angiotensin II (AngII) instigates formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in Apoe-/- mice.	Nicotine	92-100	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	47-75
28179583-1	2017	We have previously reported that activation of AMP-activated kinase alpha 2 (AMPKalpha2) by nicotine or angiotensin II (AngII) instigates formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in Apoe-/- mice.	Nicotine	92-100	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	77-87
28179583-1	2017	We have previously reported that activation of AMP-activated kinase alpha 2 (AMPKalpha2) by nicotine or angiotensin II (AngII) instigates formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in Apoe-/- mice.	Nicotine	92-100	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	187-191
28293176-11	2017	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with nAChR agonist nicotine or DMPP had no effect on the excitability of RA PNs, and the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine failed to inhibit the effects of carbachol.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
28293176-11	2017	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with nAChR agonist nicotine or DMPP had no effect on the excitability of RA PNs, and the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine failed to inhibit the effects of carbachol.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
28219337-2	2017	In this study, RNA-sequencing was performed in acutely isolated cortical somatostatin (Sst)- positive interneurons and pyramidal neurons (Thy1) from mice treated with systemic nicotine for 14 days.	Nicotine	176-184	somatostatin	Mus musculus	87-90
28219337-4	2017	RESULTS: In Sst-neurons, the DEGs by nicotine were associated with glycerophospholipid and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; while in Thy1-neurons those related to immune response and purine and pyrimidine metabolisms were affected.	Nicotine	37-45	somatostatin	Mus musculus	12-15
28219337-6	2017	However, some new DEGs between Sst- and Thy1- neurons were found after nicotine, the majority of which belong to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex.	Nicotine	71-79	somatostatin	Mus musculus	31-34
28219337-6	2017	However, some new DEGs between Sst- and Thy1- neurons were found after nicotine, the majority of which belong to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex.	Nicotine	71-79	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	40-44
28219337-7	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine differentially affected subset of genes in Sst- and Thy1- neurons, which might contribute to the distinct effect of nicotine on interneuron and pyramidal neuron activities.	Nicotine	13-21	somatostatin	Mus musculus	65-68
28219337-7	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine differentially affected subset of genes in Sst- and Thy1- neurons, which might contribute to the distinct effect of nicotine on interneuron and pyramidal neuron activities.	Nicotine	13-21	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	74-78
28219337-7	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine differentially affected subset of genes in Sst- and Thy1- neurons, which might contribute to the distinct effect of nicotine on interneuron and pyramidal neuron activities.	Nicotine	138-146	somatostatin	Mus musculus	65-68
28219337-7	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine differentially affected subset of genes in Sst- and Thy1- neurons, which might contribute to the distinct effect of nicotine on interneuron and pyramidal neuron activities.	Nicotine	138-146	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	74-78
28111280-0	2017	Inhibition of Gata4 and Tbx5 by Nicotine-Mediated DNA Methylation in Myocardial Differentiation.	Nicotine	32-40	T-box transcription factor 5	Homo sapiens	24-28
28111280-4	2017	Persistent nicotine exposure selectively inhibited expression of two cardiac genes, Tbx5 and Gata4, by promoter DNA hypermethylation.	Nicotine	11-19	T-box transcription factor 5	Homo sapiens	84-88
27856558-3	2017	The neuronal alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is critically involved in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
27770269-0	2017	Coenzyme Q10 protects renal proximal tubule cells against nicotine-induced apoptosis through induction of p66shc-dependent antioxidant responses.	Nicotine	58-66	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
27770269-2	2017	The pro-apoptotic p66shc protein-via serine36 phosphorylation that facilitates its mitochondrial translocation and therein cytochrome c binding-generates oxidative stress that leads to injury of renal proximal tubule cells during chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	238-246	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
27770269-2	2017	The pro-apoptotic p66shc protein-via serine36 phosphorylation that facilitates its mitochondrial translocation and therein cytochrome c binding-generates oxidative stress that leads to injury of renal proximal tubule cells during chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	238-246	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	123-135
27770269-6	2017	Our studies revealed that Coenzyme Q10 strongly inhibits nicotine-mediated production of reactive oxygen species and consequent apoptosis that requires serine36 phosphorylation but not mitochondrial translocation/cytochrome c binding of p66shc.	Nicotine	57-65	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	237-243
27770269-7	2017	While both nicotine and Coenzyme Q10 stimulates the p66shc promoter, only nicotine exposure results in mitochondrial translocation of p66shc.	Nicotine	11-19	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-58
27770269-7	2017	While both nicotine and Coenzyme Q10 stimulates the p66shc promoter, only nicotine exposure results in mitochondrial translocation of p66shc.	Nicotine	74-82	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
27770269-8	2017	In contrast, the Coenzyme Q10-stimulated and non-mitochondrial p66shc activates the anti-oxidant manganese superoxide dismutase promoter via the antioxidant response elements and hence, rescues cells from nicotine-induced oxidative stress and consequent apoptosis.	Nicotine	205-213	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
27784625-0	2017	Nicotine-induced neuroplasticity counteracts the effect of schizophrenia-linked neuregulin 1 signaling on NMDAR function in the rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	neuregulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-92
28293398-0	2017	Nicotine-induced damages in testicular tissue of rats; evidences for bcl-2, p53 and caspase-3 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
28293398-7	2017	Animals in nicotine-received groups exhibited a significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction at mRNA and protein levels of bcl-2.	Nicotine	11-19	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
28293398-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Our data showed that, nicotine by suppressing the testosterone biosynthesis, reducing mRNA and protein levels of bcl-2 and up regulating the p53 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels adversely affects the spermatogenesis and results in cellular depletion.	Nicotine	34-42	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
27709266-0	2017	Nicotine protects against DSS colitis through regulating microRNA-124 and STAT3.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	74-79
27709266-6	2017	Further analysis indicated that nicotine inhibited STAT3 activation in vivo and in IL-6 treated Caco-2 cells and Jurkat human T lymphocytes, in which miR-124 knockdown led to increased activation of STAT3.	Nicotine	32-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	51-56
27709266-6	2017	Further analysis indicated that nicotine inhibited STAT3 activation in vivo and in IL-6 treated Caco-2 cells and Jurkat human T lymphocytes, in which miR-124 knockdown led to increased activation of STAT3.	Nicotine	32-40	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	83-87
27709266-6	2017	Further analysis indicated that nicotine inhibited STAT3 activation in vivo and in IL-6 treated Caco-2 cells and Jurkat human T lymphocytes, in which miR-124 knockdown led to increased activation of STAT3.	Nicotine	32-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	199-204
27709266-7	2017	Blocking STAT3 activity alone is beneficial for DSS colitis and also abolished nicotine"s protective effect in this model.	Nicotine	79-87	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	9-14
27709266-8	2017	These data indicate that nicotine exerts its protective action in UC through inducing miR-124 and inhibiting STAT3, and suggest that the miR-124/STAT3 system is a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of UC.	Nicotine	25-33	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	109-114
27709266-8	2017	These data indicate that nicotine exerts its protective action in UC through inducing miR-124 and inhibiting STAT3, and suggest that the miR-124/STAT3 system is a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of UC.	Nicotine	25-33	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	145-150
27709266-11	2017	The protective effect of nicotine in murine DSS colitis depends on blocking STAT3 activation.	Nicotine	25-33	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	76-81
27709266-12	2017	MiR-124 mediates the inhibitory role of nicotine on STAT3/p-STAT3.	Nicotine	40-48	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	52-57
27709266-12	2017	MiR-124 mediates the inhibitory role of nicotine on STAT3/p-STAT3.	Nicotine	40-48	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	60-65
27784625-6	2017	Chronic nicotine exposure causes enhanced GluN2B-NMDAR responses via Src upregulation and recruits Fyn for the enhancement of GluN2A-NMDAR responses.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	126-138
27784625-10	2017	These effects of chronic nicotine exposure may counteract the negative effect of increased NRG1-ErbB4 signaling on the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory in individuals with schizophrenia, and therefore may motivate heavy smoking.	Nicotine	25-33	neuregulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
27784625-10	2017	These effects of chronic nicotine exposure may counteract the negative effect of increased NRG1-ErbB4 signaling on the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory in individuals with schizophrenia, and therefore may motivate heavy smoking.	Nicotine	25-33	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
27834689-0	2017	Nicotine Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by Activating alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Mast Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	40-56
28474065-8	2017	PI3K levels were upregulated, but Akt1/2 and eNOS levels were remarkedly reduced by nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
27923665-1	2017	We recently found that extracellular administration of nicotine indirectly excited hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA-expressing neurons.	Nicotine	55-63	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	126-157
27923665-1	2017	We recently found that extracellular administration of nicotine indirectly excited hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA-expressing neurons.	Nicotine	55-63	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
28074940-2	2017	Here, we hypothesized that Glycoprotein 120 (gp120), methamphetamine (METH) and nicotine (NT) can enhance amyloid-beta (Abeta) accumulation in BMEC through Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR).	Nicotine	80-88	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	120-125
28074940-2	2017	Here, we hypothesized that Glycoprotein 120 (gp120), methamphetamine (METH) and nicotine (NT) can enhance amyloid-beta (Abeta) accumulation in BMEC through Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR).	Nicotine	90-92	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	120-125
27531501-0	2017	alpha3beta4 nicotinic receptors in the medial habenula and substance P transmission in the interpeduncular nucleus modulate nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	124-132	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	59-70
27531501-7	2017	Furthermore, while alpha3beta4 nAChRs have been suggested as a possible pharmacological target for nicotine addiction, this is the first evidence that substance P also plays a role in mediating responding to nicotine.	Nicotine	208-216	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	151-162
28474065-0	2017	[Ginsenoside Rg1 regulates the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament cells via Akt/eNOS signaling under nicotine stress].	Nicotine	124-132	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
28372298-7	2017	The proliferation of hWJ-MSCs with 5 muM nicotine was measured by the MTT assay on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th day.	Nicotine	41-49	latexin	Homo sapiens	37-40
28372298-12	2017	The functional activity of alpha7 nAChR was evaluated by calcium (Ca2+) influx mediated by nicotine using the Fluo-4 NW Calcium assay.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
28372298-13	2017	RESULTS: The proliferation of hWJ-MSCs was significantly impaired by nicotine (5 muM) from the 3rd day of treatment, but nicotine did not significantly induce modifications on the viability of hWJ-MSCs.	Nicotine	69-77	latexin	Homo sapiens	81-84
28372298-15	2017	The mRNA expression of Sox9, type II collagen (Col2a1), aggrecan in control group was higher than in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	105-113	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	47-53
28372298-18	2017	CONCLUSIONS: At the concentration used, nicotine had an adverse effect on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of hWJ-MSCs which was probably impaired through a alpha7 nAChR mediation.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
27834689-4	2017	APPROACH AND RESULTS: Nicotine administration increased the size of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice fed a fat-enriched diet.	Nicotine	22-30	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	123-127
27834689-6	2017	MC deficiency in Apoe-/- mice (Apoe-/-KitW-sh/W-sh) diminished nicotine-induced atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	63-71	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	17-21
29050484-0	2017	eNOS and XRCC4 VNTR variants contribute to formation of nicotine dependence and/or schizophrenia.	Nicotine	56-64	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
27834689-6	2017	MC deficiency in Apoe-/- mice (Apoe-/-KitW-sh/W-sh) diminished nicotine-induced atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	63-71	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	31-35
29050484-1	2017	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate whether VNTR variants in the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and the XRCC4 gene play any role in nicotine dependence (ND) and/or Schizophrenia+ND (Sch+ND) ethiopathogenesis.	Nicotine	147-155	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	70-103
29050484-1	2017	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate whether VNTR variants in the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and the XRCC4 gene play any role in nicotine dependence (ND) and/or Schizophrenia+ND (Sch+ND) ethiopathogenesis.	Nicotine	147-155	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	105-109
27984197-5	2017	The results indicated that chronic nicotine administration (0.1mg/kg, s.c., 14days) inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear binding of NF-kappaB and mRNA expression levels of Tnf, Il1b, Nos2, and Tlr4.	Nicotine	35-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	169-172
28957813-9	2017	Furthermore, we verified that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in nicotine-enhanced proliferation and calcium influx in HBSMCs.	Nicotine	99-107	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
29348704-0	2017	Stimulation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Upregulation of MMP, MCP-1, and RANTES through Modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS Cells.	Nicotine	66-74	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	104-109
29348704-0	2017	Stimulation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Upregulation of MMP, MCP-1, and RANTES through Modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS Cells.	Nicotine	66-74	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	115-121
29348704-5	2017	Pretreatment with U0126 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and further attenuated nicotine-induced activation of c-Jun and upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Nicotine	98-106	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	169-207
29348704-5	2017	Pretreatment with U0126 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and further attenuated nicotine-induced activation of c-Jun and upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Nicotine	98-106	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	213-275
29348704-5	2017	Pretreatment with U0126 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and further attenuated nicotine-induced activation of c-Jun and upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Nicotine	98-106	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	277-283
29348704-6	2017	Similarly, nicotine treatment also increased phosphorylation of c-Jun and expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES in MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	11-19	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	103-108
29348704-6	2017	Similarly, nicotine treatment also increased phosphorylation of c-Jun and expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES in MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	11-19	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	114-120
28123348-7	2017	In addition, nicotine enhanced miR-210 expression and significantly attenuated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase isoform B (TrkB) protein abundance in the brain.	Nicotine	13-21	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	124-160
28123348-7	2017	In addition, nicotine enhanced miR-210 expression and significantly attenuated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase isoform B (TrkB) protein abundance in the brain.	Nicotine	13-21	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
28123348-9	2017	Furthermore, miR-210-LNA treatment also reversed nicotine-mediated down-regulation of BDNF and TrkB protein expression in the neonatal brains.	Nicotine	49-57	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
27805736-1	2017	Varenicline is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist used to treat nicotine addiction, but a live debate persists concerning its mechanism of action in reducing nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
27805736-2	2017	Although initially reported as alpha4beta2 selective, varenicline was subsequently shown to activate other nAChR subtypes implicated in nicotine addiction including alpha3beta4.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
27805736-5	2017	Varenicline and nicotine activated alpha3beta4* nAChRs with EC50 values of 1.8 (1.2-2.7) muM and 19.4 (11.1-33.9) muM, respectively.	Nicotine	16-24	latexin	Homo sapiens	89-92
27805736-5	2017	Varenicline and nicotine activated alpha3beta4* nAChRs with EC50 values of 1.8 (1.2-2.7) muM and 19.4 (11.1-33.9) muM, respectively.	Nicotine	16-24	latexin	Homo sapiens	114-117
29348704-8	2017	Furthermore, nicotine-induced secretions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES were remarkably downregulated.	Nicotine	13-21	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	58-63
29348704-8	2017	Furthermore, nicotine-induced secretions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES were remarkably downregulated.	Nicotine	13-21	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	69-75
27984197-5	2017	The results indicated that chronic nicotine administration (0.1mg/kg, s.c., 14days) inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear binding of NF-kappaB and mRNA expression levels of Tnf, Il1b, Nos2, and Tlr4.	Nicotine	35-43	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	174-178
27984197-5	2017	The results indicated that chronic nicotine administration (0.1mg/kg, s.c., 14days) inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear binding of NF-kappaB and mRNA expression levels of Tnf, Il1b, Nos2, and Tlr4.	Nicotine	35-43	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	180-184
27976742-0	2016	Increased Fetal Thymocytes Apoptosis Contributes to Prenatal Nicotine Exposure-induced Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Male Offspring Mice.	Nicotine	61-69	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	87-90
28012451-12	2017	Nicotine significantly increased the expression of alpha7nAChR (P &lt; 0.01) and attenuated the activation of NF-kappaB p65 in the placenta in LPS-induced preeclampsia (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	0-8	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
28012451-14	2017	DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that the activation of alpha7nAChR by nicotine attenuates preeclampsia-like symptoms, and this protective effect is likely the result of the inhibition of inflammation via the NF-kappaB p65 pathway.	Nicotine	71-79	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	219-222
27976742-2	2016	This study was designed to investigate the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on the balance of Th1/Th2 in offspring, and further explore the developmental origin mechanisms from the perspective of fetal thymocytes apoptosis.	Nicotine	63-71	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	105-108
27660057-1	2016	Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A503V (rs1057868) in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) gene was reported to influence nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	138-146	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	70-100
27832994-0	2016	Possible involvement of iNOS and TNF-alpha in nutritional intervention against nicotine-induced pancreatic islet cell damage.	Nicotine	79-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
27832994-0	2016	Possible involvement of iNOS and TNF-alpha in nutritional intervention against nicotine-induced pancreatic islet cell damage.	Nicotine	79-87	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
27832994-5	2016	Supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 suppressed the nicotine induced changes in HbA1c, insulin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, generation of reactive oxygen species, and attenuated the changes in markers of oxidative stress.	Nicotine	63-71	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
27832994-5	2016	Supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 suppressed the nicotine induced changes in HbA1c, insulin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, generation of reactive oxygen species, and attenuated the changes in markers of oxidative stress.	Nicotine	63-71	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
27832994-6	2016	Moreover, folic acid and vitamin B12 also counteracted the increased expression of protein and mRNA contents of TNF-alpha and iNOS produced by nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	112-121
27832994-6	2016	Moreover, folic acid and vitamin B12 also counteracted the increased expression of protein and mRNA contents of TNF-alpha and iNOS produced by nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
27796078-0	2016	Withdrawal from Chronic Nicotine Exposure Produces Region-Specific Tolerance to Alcohol-Stimulated GluA1 Phosphorylation.	Nicotine	24-32	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
27796078-4	2016	We examined regional neuroadaptations in nicotine-experienced versus nonexperienced animals, focusing on changes in phosphorylation of the AMPA glutamate channel subunit GluA1 in reward-related brain regions as excitatory neuroadaptations are heavily implicated in both alcohol and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	282-290	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
27796078-5	2016	RESULTS: During withdrawal, nicotine exposure and alcohol challenge (1 g/kg) interactively produced neuroadaptations in GluA1 phosphorylation in a brain region-dependent manner.	Nicotine	28-36	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
27796078-8	2016	This interactive effect suggests a molecular tolerance to alcohol-stimulated phosphorylation of GluA1 in the context of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	120-128	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
27660057-1	2016	Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A503V (rs1057868) in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) gene was reported to influence nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	138-146	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	102-105
27660057-2	2016	Considering the importance of nicotine metabolism to smoking cessation, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between POR gene polymorphisms and smoking cessation in a Chinese population.	Nicotine	30-38	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	137-140
27638450-8	2016	Interestingly, these nocifensive behavior alterations and differential responses to nicotine antinociceptive effects in BTBR mice were associated with significant downregulation of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, beta3, and beta4 nAChR subunits in several cerebral regions both, during embryonic development and adulthood.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	181-211
27840928-8	2016	The results indicated that treatment with nicotine significantly attenuated the clinical and histopathological changes associated with arthritis, reduced CD11b-positive macrophages in the synovium, and downregulated the serum expression levels of MIP-1alpha and MCP-1.	Nicotine	42-50	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	154-159
27907022-13	2016	Nicotine enhanced podocyte phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, and their specific inhibitors attenuated nicotine-induced apoptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	46-52
27907022-13	2016	Nicotine enhanced podocyte phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, and their specific inhibitors attenuated nicotine-induced apoptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	54-57
27907022-13	2016	Nicotine enhanced podocyte phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, and their specific inhibitors attenuated nicotine-induced apoptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
27907022-13	2016	Nicotine enhanced podocyte phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, and their specific inhibitors attenuated nicotine-induced apoptosis.	Nicotine	109-117	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	46-52
27907022-13	2016	Nicotine enhanced podocyte phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, and their specific inhibitors attenuated nicotine-induced apoptosis.	Nicotine	109-117	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
27907022-14	2016	nAChR antagonists significantly suppressed the effects of nicotine on podocyte.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
27491589-0	2016	Nicotinic receptor blockade decreases fos immunoreactivity within orexin/hypocretin-expressing neurons of nicotine-exposed rats.	Nicotine	106-114	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
27558745-9	2016	Exposure of NHBE cells to nicotine for 5 days increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion.	Nicotine	26-34	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	56-74
27846263-5	2016	Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine acutely (24h) or chronically (4 days) induced a differential increase in the expression of nAChR subunit mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
27846263-7	2016	Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine increased intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
27846263-13	2016	In STC-1 cells nAChR expression is modulated by exposure to nicotine in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-155
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	222-225
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
27424921-10	2016	Immunohistochemistry showed enhanced expression levels of aPKC and phosphorylated Akt in nodules from nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	102-110	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	82-85
27424921-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nicotine induces aberrant activation of aPKC via nAChR/PI3K signaling in PC cells, resulting in enhancement of cellular proliferation, migration and invasion.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
27769050-7	2016	A series of biochemical experiments using nicotine-treated cells suggested that the dephosphorylation of p53 (Ser-20) and BAX (Ser-184) by PPM1F is a critical posttranslational modification, as observed in breast cancer patients who were heavy smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	105-108
27769050-7	2016	A series of biochemical experiments using nicotine-treated cells suggested that the dephosphorylation of p53 (Ser-20) and BAX (Ser-184) by PPM1F is a critical posttranslational modification, as observed in breast cancer patients who were heavy smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	122-125
28127518-10	2017	In the context of reports on the ACE-I/D polymorphism and nicotine dependence among healthy controls and patients with depression, we may speculate that the mechanism by which this polymorphism influences nicotine dependence risk differs in MS compared to depression, although not compared to a healthy population.	Nicotine	205-213	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	33-36
27645992-11	2016	Agonists or antagonists for these unorthodox sites might be selective and effective drugs for modulating nAChR function to treat nicotine addiction and other disorders.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
27491589-11	2016	Results demonstrate that nicotinic receptor blockade leads to reduced orexin cell activity, as indicated by lowered Fos-immunoreactivity, and suggest that this underlying cellular activity may be associated with symptoms of nicotine withdrawal as effects were most prominently observed in rats given chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	224-232	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
27491589-11	2016	Results demonstrate that nicotinic receptor blockade leads to reduced orexin cell activity, as indicated by lowered Fos-immunoreactivity, and suggest that this underlying cellular activity may be associated with symptoms of nicotine withdrawal as effects were most prominently observed in rats given chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	308-316	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
27312847-6	2016	Nicotine-induced NET formation is mediated via nicotine acetylcholine receptors, depends on Akt and PAD4 activation, but is Nox2-independent, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 and by use of Nox2-deficient mouse neutrophils.	Nicotine	0-8	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	92-95
27711239-8	2016	However, a few linkage studies have reported suggestive linkage to the 3p26.1 region, and a few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported markers in the gene (GRM7) nearest to this 3p26.1 area of polymorphic deletions are associated with measures of nicotine dependence among subjects of European ancestry.	Nicotine	261-269	glutamate metabotropic receptor 7	Homo sapiens	170-174
27833561-1	2016	Environmental stress elevates the level of jasmonic acid (JA) and activates the biosynthesis of nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by up-regulating the expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase 1 (NtPMT1), which encodes a putrescine N-methyl transferase that catalyzes nicotine formation.	Nicotine	96-104	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	205-237
27833561-1	2016	Environmental stress elevates the level of jasmonic acid (JA) and activates the biosynthesis of nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by up-regulating the expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase 1 (NtPMT1), which encodes a putrescine N-methyl transferase that catalyzes nicotine formation.	Nicotine	96-104	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	239-245
27833561-1	2016	Environmental stress elevates the level of jasmonic acid (JA) and activates the biosynthesis of nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by up-regulating the expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase 1 (NtPMT1), which encodes a putrescine N-methyl transferase that catalyzes nicotine formation.	Nicotine	311-319	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	205-237
27833561-4	2016	Overexpression of NtMYC2a increased nicotine biosynthesis by enhancing its binding to the promoter of NtPMT1.	Nicotine	36-44	putrescine N-methyltransferase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	102-108
27938563-5	2016	Results: The results of ELISA showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in supernatant (IL-6: 1 599+-65 pg/ml vs 1 465+-45 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05; TNF-alpha: 1 567+-66 pg/ml vs 1 433+-50 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	117-125	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	194-198
27938563-5	2016	Results: The results of ELISA showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in supernatant (IL-6: 1 599+-65 pg/ml vs 1 465+-45 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05; TNF-alpha: 1 567+-66 pg/ml vs 1 433+-50 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	117-125	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	203-212
27938563-5	2016	Results: The results of ELISA showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in supernatant (IL-6: 1 599+-65 pg/ml vs 1 465+-45 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05; TNF-alpha: 1 567+-66 pg/ml vs 1 433+-50 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	117-125	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	229-233
27938563-5	2016	Results: The results of ELISA showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in supernatant (IL-6: 1 599+-65 pg/ml vs 1 465+-45 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05; TNF-alpha: 1 567+-66 pg/ml vs 1 433+-50 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	117-125	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	284-293
27938563-6	2016	The results of Western blot showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher relative protein expression of phosphorylated NF-kappaB and TLR-4 (NF-kappaB: 69 425+-600 vs 51 133+-200, P &lt; 0.05; TLR-4: 93 387+-684 vs 64 198+-630, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	115-123	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	228-237
27938563-6	2016	The results of Western blot showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher relative protein expression of phosphorylated NF-kappaB and TLR-4 (NF-kappaB: 69 425+-600 vs 51 133+-200, P &lt; 0.05; TLR-4: 93 387+-684 vs 64 198+-630, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	115-123	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	242-247
27938563-6	2016	The results of Western blot showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher relative protein expression of phosphorylated NF-kappaB and TLR-4 (NF-kappaB: 69 425+-600 vs 51 133+-200, P &lt; 0.05; TLR-4: 93 387+-684 vs 64 198+-630, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	115-123	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	249-258
27938563-6	2016	The results of Western blot showed that compared with the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice, the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher relative protein expression of phosphorylated NF-kappaB and TLR-4 (NF-kappaB: 69 425+-600 vs 51 133+-200, P &lt; 0.05; TLR-4: 93 387+-684 vs 64 198+-630, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	115-123	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	301-306
27938563-7	2016	The results of indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had a significantly higher fluorescence intensity of NF-kappaB than the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice.	Nicotine	75-83	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	170-179
27938563-8	2016	The results of PCR showed that the endotoxin+nicotine group of gene knockout NASH mice had significantly higher relative mRNA expression of TLR-4 than the endotoxin+nicotine group of C57 NASH mice (4.13+-0.13 vs 2.93+-0.14, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	45-53	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	140-145
27752155-9	2016	The results of our investigation demonstrated that nicotine could reduce significantly the levels of IL-6, and TNF-alpha in serum (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	51-59	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	101-105
27752155-9	2016	The results of our investigation demonstrated that nicotine could reduce significantly the levels of IL-6, and TNF-alpha in serum (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	51-59	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	111-120
27552315-3	2016	The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of nicotine on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrial stromal cells.	Nicotine	53-61	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	102-104
27698409-0	2016	Increased nicotine response in iPSC-derived human neurons carrying the CHRNA5 N398 allele.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-77
27698409-6	2016	Glutamatergic N398 neurons responded to lower nicotine doses (0.1 muM) with greater frequency and amplitude but they also exhibited rapid desensitization, consistent with previous analyses of N398-associated nicotinic receptor function.	Nicotine	46-54	latexin	Homo sapiens	66-69
27522872-10	2016	Furthermore, these results indicate that dACC Glu is associated with enhanced DMN engagement when nicotine-dependent individuals are exposed to self-relevant smoking cues.	Nicotine	98-106	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	41-45
27327412-7	2016	The expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, was reduced in the treatment of CSEs while the expression of its reverse transition marker, N-cadherin, was slightly increased by CSEs containing 2.1muM of nicotine, but a statistical significance was not observed.	Nicotine	208-216	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	18-28
27552315-0	2016	Quantitative analysis of expression level of estrogen and progesterone receptors and VEGF genes in human endometrial stromal cells after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	152-160	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	85-89
27552315-3	2016	The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of nicotine on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrial stromal cells.	Nicotine	53-61	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	83-100
27474751-8	2016	UGT2B4 activity against codeine and UGT2B10 activity against nicotine were significantly decreased in both HuH-7 and Hep3B cells (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.0048, and P = 0.017 and P = 0.043, respectively) after overexpression of miR-216b-5p mimic.	Nicotine	61-69	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B4	Homo sapiens	0-6
27552315-3	2016	The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of nicotine on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrial stromal cells.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	139-173
27552315-3	2016	The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of nicotine on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrial stromal cells.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	175-179
27552315-6	2016	Real-time PCR data showed that despite decrease in ER expression in the nicotine-treated groups compared with the control, nicotine exerted an increased inhibitory effect on PR expression compared to that on ER expression.	Nicotine	72-80	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	51-53
27552315-6	2016	Real-time PCR data showed that despite decrease in ER expression in the nicotine-treated groups compared with the control, nicotine exerted an increased inhibitory effect on PR expression compared to that on ER expression.	Nicotine	72-80	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	208-210
27552315-7	2016	VEGF mRNA expression in nicotine-treated endometrial stromal cells was increased.	Nicotine	24-32	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	0-4
27609221-0	2016	Epigenomic and metabolic responses of hypothalamic POMC neurons to gestational nicotine exposure in adult offspring.	Nicotine	79-87	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	51-55
27681882-0	2016	Immunomodulatory effects of nicotine on interleukin 1beta activated human astrocytes and the role of cyclooxygenase 2 in the underlying mechanism.	Nicotine	28-36	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	40-57
27681882-4	2016	Here, we investigated the effects of nicotine, an ACh receptor agonist, on the cytokine and cholinesterase production of immunocompetent human astrocytes stimulated with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in vitro.	Nicotine	37-45	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	170-187
27681882-4	2016	Here, we investigated the effects of nicotine, an ACh receptor agonist, on the cytokine and cholinesterase production of immunocompetent human astrocytes stimulated with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in vitro.	Nicotine	37-45	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	189-197
27681882-11	2016	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment dose dependently limits the production of critical proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (60.5 +- 3.3, %inhibition), IL-1beta (42.4 +- 1.7, %inhibition), and TNF-alpha (68.9 +- 7.7, %inhibition) by activated human astrocytes.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	113-117
27681882-11	2016	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment dose dependently limits the production of critical proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (60.5 +- 3.3, %inhibition), IL-1beta (42.4 +- 1.7, %inhibition), and TNF-alpha (68.9 +- 7.7, %inhibition) by activated human astrocytes.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	146-154
27681882-11	2016	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment dose dependently limits the production of critical proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (60.5 +- 3.3, %inhibition), IL-1beta (42.4 +- 1.7, %inhibition), and TNF-alpha (68.9 +- 7.7, %inhibition) by activated human astrocytes.	Nicotine	9-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	187-196
27681882-14	2016	Importantly, nicotine"s inhibitory effect on IL-6 production was reversed with the specific COX-2 inhibitor NS-398.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	45-49
27681882-14	2016	Importantly, nicotine"s inhibitory effect on IL-6 production was reversed with the specific COX-2 inhibitor NS-398.	Nicotine	13-21	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
27365175-4	2016	Suppressing dopaminergic neurons or down-regulating dopamine 1-like receptor (DopR) abolishes this acute nicotine response, but surprisingly, does so only in male flies.	Nicotine	105-113	Dopamine 1-like receptor 1	Drosophila melanogaster	52-76
27365175-4	2016	Suppressing dopaminergic neurons or down-regulating dopamine 1-like receptor (DopR) abolishes this acute nicotine response, but surprisingly, does so only in male flies.	Nicotine	105-113	Dopamine 1-like receptor 1	Drosophila melanogaster	78-82
27409670-4	2016	Meanwhile, nicotine induced activation of MEK/ERK signaling in NSCLC cells; alpha7-nAChR antagonism or MEK/ERK signaling pathway inhibition suppressed NSCLC cell invasion and EMT marker expression.	Nicotine	11-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	42-45
27409670-5	2016	These results indicate that nicotine induces NSCLC cell invasion, migration, and EMT; the effects are mediated by alpha7-nAChRs and involve MEK/ERK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	28-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	140-143
27609221-3	2016	Furthermore, hypothalamic POMC neurons were recently found to mediate the anorectic effects of nicotine through activation of acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	95-103	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	26-30
26553320-0	2016	Impact of nicotine on the interplay between human periodontal ligament cells and CD4+ T cells.	Nicotine	10-18	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-84
27598153-0	2016	Nicotine Suppressed Fetal Adrenal StAR Expression via YY1 Mediated-Histone Deacetylation Modification Mechanism.	Nicotine	0-8	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
27598153-3	2016	This study further explored the potential role of the transcriptional repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in nicotine-mediated StAR inhibition.	Nicotine	100-108	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	80-90
27598153-3	2016	This study further explored the potential role of the transcriptional repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in nicotine-mediated StAR inhibition.	Nicotine	100-108	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	92-95
27598153-7	2016	Prenatal nicotine exposure increased YY1 expression and suppressed StAR expression.	Nicotine	9-17	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	37-40
27598153-8	2016	ChIP assay showed that there was a decreasing trend for histone acetylation at the StAR promoter in fetal adrenal glands, whereas H3 acetyl-K14 at the YY1 promoter presented an increasing trend following nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	204-212	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	151-154
27598153-9	2016	Furthermore, in nicotine-treated NCI-H295A cells, nicotine enhanced YY1 expression and inhibited StAR expression.	Nicotine	16-24	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	68-71
27598153-9	2016	Furthermore, in nicotine-treated NCI-H295A cells, nicotine enhanced YY1 expression and inhibited StAR expression.	Nicotine	50-58	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	68-71
27598153-11	2016	These data indicated that YY1-medicated histone deacetylation modification in StAR promoters might play an important role in the inhibitory effect of nicotine on StAR expression.	Nicotine	150-158	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	26-29
27461514-4	2016	Here we investigated whether the overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) diminishes nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rats.	Nicotine	149-157	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	51-81
26553320-12	2016	In addition, PDL cell-derived CXCL12 following nicotine treatment recruited CD4(+) T cells.	Nicotine	47-55	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	76-79
26553320-13	2016	Above all, nicotine deteriorated periodontitis partially by promoting PDL cell-CD4(+) T cell-mediated inflammatory response and matrix degradation.	Nicotine	11-19	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	79-82
27453054-0	2016	Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene variant moderates neural index of cognitive disruption during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	97-105	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
27453054-0	2016	Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene variant moderates neural index of cognitive disruption during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	97-105	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
27453054-3	2016	Variation on the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) has been related to nicotine dependence, and CNR1 antagonists may increase attention and memory functioning.	Nicotine	72-80	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	17-39
27453054-3	2016	Variation on the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) has been related to nicotine dependence, and CNR1 antagonists may increase attention and memory functioning.	Nicotine	72-80	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
27453054-4	2016	We targeted CNR1 variants as moderators of a validated neural marker of nicotine withdrawal-related cognitive disruption.	Nicotine	72-80	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
26553320-4	2016	However, the impact of nicotine on the interaction between human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and CD4(+) T cells remains unrevealed.	Nicotine	23-31	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	102-105
26553320-10	2016	Compared with the monoculture, MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21 in supernatant of cocultures were markedly elevated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	38-43
26553320-10	2016	Compared with the monoculture, MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21 in supernatant of cocultures were markedly elevated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	45-67
26553320-10	2016	Compared with the monoculture, MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21 in supernatant of cocultures were markedly elevated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	69-73
27344019-4	2016	Additionally, soluble recombinant Lypd6 protein attenuates nicotine-induced hippocampal inward currents in rat brain slices and decreases nicotine-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in PC12 cells, suggesting that binding of Lypd6 is sufficient to inhibit nAChR-mediated intracellular signaling.	Nicotine	59-67	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
27344019-4	2016	Additionally, soluble recombinant Lypd6 protein attenuates nicotine-induced hippocampal inward currents in rat brain slices and decreases nicotine-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in PC12 cells, suggesting that binding of Lypd6 is sufficient to inhibit nAChR-mediated intracellular signaling.	Nicotine	138-146	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
27344019-5	2016	We further show that perinatal nicotine exposure in rats (4 mg/kg/day through minipumps to dams from embryonic day 7 to post-natal day 21) significantly increases Lypd6 protein levels in the hippocampus in adulthood, which did not occur after exposure to nicotine in adulthood only.	Nicotine	31-39	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
27344019-6	2016	Our findings suggest that Lypd6 is a versatile inhibitor of cholinergic signaling in the brain, and that Lypd6 is dysregulated by nicotine exposure during early development.	Nicotine	130-138	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	105-110
27344019-8	2016	We report for the first time that the Lynx protein Lypd6 binds to nAChRs in human brain extracts, and that recombinant Lypd6 decreases nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and attenuates nicotine-induced hippocampal inward currents.	Nicotine	135-143	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	51-56
27344019-8	2016	We report for the first time that the Lynx protein Lypd6 binds to nAChRs in human brain extracts, and that recombinant Lypd6 decreases nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and attenuates nicotine-induced hippocampal inward currents.	Nicotine	135-143	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	119-124
27344019-8	2016	We report for the first time that the Lynx protein Lypd6 binds to nAChRs in human brain extracts, and that recombinant Lypd6 decreases nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and attenuates nicotine-induced hippocampal inward currents.	Nicotine	187-195	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	51-56
27344019-8	2016	We report for the first time that the Lynx protein Lypd6 binds to nAChRs in human brain extracts, and that recombinant Lypd6 decreases nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and attenuates nicotine-induced hippocampal inward currents.	Nicotine	187-195	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	119-124
27102349-7	2016	Nicotine self-administration was elevated in the P44 group, peaked at P54-60 and was drastically lower in the P66 through P86 groups.	Nicotine	0-8	polymerase (DNA-directed), delta 3, accessory subunit	Mus musculus	110-113
27430244-9	2016	However, in the cells co-expressing human RIC-3 and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nicotine induced calcium influx via the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in a concentration-dependent manner (concentration required to elicit 50% of the maximal effect=29.21 microM).	Nicotine	93-101	RIC3 acetylcholine receptor chaperone	Homo sapiens	42-47
27486058-0	2016	The pro-oxidant gene p66shc increases nicotine exposure-induced lipotoxic oxidative stress in renal proximal tubule cells.	Nicotine	38-46	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
27486058-1	2016	Nicotine (NIC) exposure augments free fatty acid (FFA) deposition and oxidative stress, with a concomitant increase in the expression of the pro-oxidant p66shc.	Nicotine	0-8	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-159
27486058-1	2016	Nicotine (NIC) exposure augments free fatty acid (FFA) deposition and oxidative stress, with a concomitant increase in the expression of the pro-oxidant p66shc.	Nicotine	10-13	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-159
27486058-3	2016	The present study aimed to determine whether the pro-oxidant p66shc mediates NIC-dependent increases in renal oxidative stress by augmenting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressing the FFA-induced antioxidant response in cultured NRK52E renal proximal tubule cells.	Nicotine	77-80	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
27486058-9	2016	NIC also suppressed OA-mediated induction of the antioxidant MnSOD promoter activity through p66shc-dependent inactivation of FOXO activity.	Nicotine	0-3	SHC adaptor protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-99
27626030-3	2016	Nicotine also induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression, leading to increased synthesis of catecholamines.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	22-42
27242276-6	2016	The current study sought to develop a limited-access model of nicotine intake using the Drinking-in-the-Dark paradigm, which results in high levels of binge-like ethanol consumption that can be pharmacologically manipulated.	Nicotine	62-70	dark	Mus musculus	104-108
27626030-3	2016	Nicotine also induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression, leading to increased synthesis of catecholamines.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	44-46
27259998-2	2016	Previously, we found that nicotine up-regulates peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), an important antioxidant enzyme, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in OSCC cells.	Nicotine	26-34	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-141
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
27235579-4	2016	Learning in the presence of acute nicotine increases the transcription of mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8, also known as JNK1), likely through a CREB-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	34-42	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	155-159
27179524-8	2016	RESULTS: Concomitant EA application blocked nicotine-induced changes in lung morphology, lung peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and wingless-int signaling, two key lung developmental signaling pathways, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (hypothalamic corticotropic releasing hormone and lung glucocorticoid receptor levels), and plasma beta-endorphin levels.	Nicotine	44-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-142
27179524-8	2016	RESULTS: Concomitant EA application blocked nicotine-induced changes in lung morphology, lung peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and wingless-int signaling, two key lung developmental signaling pathways, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (hypothalamic corticotropic releasing hormone and lung glucocorticoid receptor levels), and plasma beta-endorphin levels.	Nicotine	44-52	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	353-367
28955940-8	2016	The impaired inhibition in bas-1 and tph-1mutants was recovered by exogenous serotonin, demonstrating that serotonin plays an important role in the long-lasting inhibitory effects of short-term chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	202-210	Biogenic Amine Synthesis related	Caenorhabditis elegans	27-32
28955940-8	2016	The impaired inhibition in bas-1 and tph-1mutants was recovered by exogenous serotonin, demonstrating that serotonin plays an important role in the long-lasting inhibitory effects of short-term chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	202-210	BH4_AAA_HYDROXYL_2 domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	37-42
26751916-1	2016	Polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA5/CHRNA3 locus) have been associated with several smoking related traits such as nicotine dependence, cigarette consumption, smoking cessation, lung cancer, and COPD.	Nicotine	146-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-66
26548452-9	2016	LPS- and nicotine-induced p38 phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappaB activation were blocked by Ad-A20.	Nicotine	9-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	26-29
26548452-10	2016	Ad-A20 inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of pan-protein kinase C, Akt, GSK-3beta and protein kinase Calpha.	Nicotine	32-40	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
26867505-4	2016	We found that nicotine-induced depotentiation is not due to masking LTP by inducing long-term depression and requires the activation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs.	Nicotine	14-22	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	136-142
27459726-3	2016	Here we use this model system together with a cohort of German youth to examine the role of the OPRM1 A118G variation on nicotine reward.	Nicotine	121-129	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	96-101
27436995-5	2016	RESULTS: At the non-toxic dosages, chemical compounds belonging to nicotine, aromatic amines, benzopyrene, phenols, aldehydes, and some other volatile organics dose-dependently increased IL-8 reporter gene expression.	Nicotine	67-75	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	187-191
27436995-6	2016	Consistently, the representative compounds belonging to nicotine, aromatic amines, benzopyrene, phenols, aldehydes, and some other volatile organics significantly and dose-dependently increased IL-8 levels in the culture supernatants of 16HBE cells, among these compounds, benzopyrene is a most potent stimulator for inducing IL-8 production.	Nicotine	56-64	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	194-198
27436995-6	2016	Consistently, the representative compounds belonging to nicotine, aromatic amines, benzopyrene, phenols, aldehydes, and some other volatile organics significantly and dose-dependently increased IL-8 levels in the culture supernatants of 16HBE cells, among these compounds, benzopyrene is a most potent stimulator for inducing IL-8 production.	Nicotine	56-64	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	326-330
26771213-9	2016	Our top result was rs16969968 (P = 1.7 x 10(-14)) in CHRNA5, a locus previously associated with COPD susceptibility and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-59
27224911-0	2016	Increased translocation of antigens to endosomes and TLR4 mediated endosomal recruitment of TAP contribute to nicotine augmented cross-presentation.	Nicotine	110-118	SEC14 like lipid binding 2	Homo sapiens	92-95
27224911-4	2016	We demonstrated that nicotine increase the expressiones of mannose receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) via PI3K-Akt-mTOR-p70S6 pathway.	Nicotine	21-29	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
27224911-4	2016	We demonstrated that nicotine increase the expressiones of mannose receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) via PI3K-Akt-mTOR-p70S6 pathway.	Nicotine	21-29	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	121-125
27224911-6	2016	Importantly, the recruitment of TAP toward endosomes via TLR4-MyD88-IRAK4 signaling contributes to nicotine-increased cross-presentation and cross-activation of T cells.	Nicotine	99-107	SEC14 like lipid binding 2	Homo sapiens	32-35
26833871-8	2016	The genome-wide analysis of nearly one million genetic markers took 7h, identifying heterogeneous effects of two new genes (i.e., CYP3A5 and IKBKB) on nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	130-136
27484987-3	2016	In e-liquid without nicotine-exposed group, activities of the liver biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase increase.	Nicotine	20-28	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-105
27563403-1	2016	Hint1 has recently emerged to be an important target of interest due to its involvement in the regulation of a broad range of CNS functions including opioid signaling, tolerance, neuropathic pain, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	201-209	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
26364593-6	2016	IL-1beta had a positive correlation with nicotine (r = 0.351) and the cotinine (r = 0.376), nicotine (r = 0.492) and hydroxycotinine (r = 0.358), and hydroxycotinine (r = 0.413) levels at 2 wk and 4 and 6 mo follow-up, respectively.	Nicotine	41-49	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-8
26364593-6	2016	IL-1beta had a positive correlation with nicotine (r = 0.351) and the cotinine (r = 0.376), nicotine (r = 0.492) and hydroxycotinine (r = 0.358), and hydroxycotinine (r = 0.413) levels at 2 wk and 4 and 6 mo follow-up, respectively.	Nicotine	92-100	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-8
26364593-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: This 1-year prospective smoking cessation study without nonsurgical periodontal therapy shows IL-1beta in gingival crevicular fluid could have a positive relationship with the nicotine and cotinine levels in saliva.	Nicotine	189-197	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	107-115
26875732-2	2016	Nicotine has been reported to inhibit TNF-alpha, IL-1, and ROS production in microglia.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
27022819-0	2016	Nicotine excites corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA-expressing neuron in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in vitro in rats.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	17-48
27228072-5	2016	Treatment of cells with nicotine induced the mRNA and protein levels of alpha7 nAChR; this could be abrogated by treatment with inhibitors targeting Src, PI3K, MEK, alpha7 nAChR, CDK4/6 or a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 interaction.	Nicotine	24-32	cyclin-dependent kinase 4	Mus musculus	179-185
27022819-1	2016	Nicotine is known to modulate the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by stimulating corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) release from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN).	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	101-132
27022819-1	2016	Nicotine is known to modulate the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by stimulating corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) release from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN).	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
27022819-2	2016	However, the mechanism by which nicotine affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by modulating PVN CRH neuronal activity is currently unclear.	Nicotine	32-40	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
27022819-5	2016	Under current-clamp recording conditions, application of nicotine (1 muM) induced excitation in 92% (23/25) PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons, which showed a significant increase in the spike firing rate accompanied by a depolarization of the membrane potential.	Nicotine	57-65	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
27022819-6	2016	Nicotine induced an increase in the spike firing rate of PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
27022819-7	2016	The half-effective concentration (EC50) of nicotine for increasing the spike firing rate of PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons was 1.6 muM.	Nicotine	43-51	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
27022819-8	2016	Extracellular application of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (1 mM) abolished the nicotine-induced excitation of PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons.	Nicotine	106-114	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
27022819-10	2016	Biocytin staining confirmed that the nicotine-sensitive CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons were located in the PVN parvocellular division.	Nicotine	37-45	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
27022819-11	2016	These results indicated that extracellular administration of nicotine indirectly excited PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons, suggesting that nicotine modulated PVN CRH secretion by enhancement of both the presynaptic action potential drive and quantal glutamate release.	Nicotine	61-69	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
27022819-11	2016	These results indicated that extracellular administration of nicotine indirectly excited PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons, suggesting that nicotine modulated PVN CRH secretion by enhancement of both the presynaptic action potential drive and quantal glutamate release.	Nicotine	61-69	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
27022819-11	2016	These results indicated that extracellular administration of nicotine indirectly excited PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons, suggesting that nicotine modulated PVN CRH secretion by enhancement of both the presynaptic action potential drive and quantal glutamate release.	Nicotine	138-146	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
27022819-11	2016	These results indicated that extracellular administration of nicotine indirectly excited PVN CRH-mRNA-expressing neurons, suggesting that nicotine modulated PVN CRH secretion by enhancement of both the presynaptic action potential drive and quantal glutamate release.	Nicotine	138-146	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
27170121-9	2016	Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC) treatment or specific deletion of beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits in dopamine neurons mitigates aberrant motor learning induced by dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockade in mice.	Nicotine	27-35	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	176-196
26952864-1	2016	Using Icelandic whole-genome sequence data and an imputation approach we searched for rare sequence variants in CHRNA4 and tested them for association with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-118
26239294-0	2016	Rare, low frequency and common coding variants in CHRNA5 and their contribution to nicotine dependence in European and African Americans.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-56
26239294-1	2016	The common nonsynonymous variant rs16969968 in the alpha5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene (CHRNA5) is the strongest genetic risk factor for nicotine dependence in European Americans and contributes to risk in African Americans.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-97
26239294-8	2016	Our results indicate that common, low frequency and rare CHRNA5 coding variants are independently associated with nicotine dependence risk.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-63
26952864-2	2016	We show that carriers of a rare missense variant (allele frequency=0.24%) within CHRNA4, encoding an R336C substitution, have greater risk of nicotine addiction than non-carriers as assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (P=1.2 x 10(-4)).	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
26952864-2	2016	We show that carriers of a rare missense variant (allele frequency=0.24%) within CHRNA4, encoding an R336C substitution, have greater risk of nicotine addiction than non-carriers as assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (P=1.2 x 10(-4)).	Nicotine	218-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
26992205-0	2016	Increased chemoresistance via Snail-Raf kinase inhibitor protein signaling in colorectal cancer in response to a nicotine derivative.	Nicotine	113-121	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
27127891-0	2016	Association Between CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 Nicotine Receptor Subunit Gene Variants and Nicotine Dependence in an Isolated Populationof Kashubians in Poland.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
27127891-1	2016	BACKGROUND Genome-wide and allelic association studies have shown the contribution of CHRNA5-A3-B4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster within chromosome 15 to nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-92
27001463-5	2016	After treatment with nicotine (0.1-10 muM for 24 h), the HUVECs released chemotactic factors (IL-8) to attract monocytes into the tunica intima of the artery, and the monocytes then transformed into foam cells.	Nicotine	21-29	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	94-98
26803847-6	2016	We next investigated select target genes known to play essential roles in placental TG cell differentiation and function (Pl-1, Pgf, Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2), and found that nicotine significantly augmented the mRNA levels of Hsd11b1 in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	171-179	prolactin family 3, subfamily D, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
26803847-6	2016	We next investigated select target genes known to play essential roles in placental TG cell differentiation and function (Pl-1, Pgf, Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2), and found that nicotine significantly augmented the mRNA levels of Hsd11b1 in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	171-179	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-140
26803847-6	2016	We next investigated select target genes known to play essential roles in placental TG cell differentiation and function (Pl-1, Pgf, Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2), and found that nicotine significantly augmented the mRNA levels of Hsd11b1 in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	171-179	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-230
26803847-7	2016	Furthermore, using tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a safe bile acid known to improve protein chaperoning and folding, we were able to prevent nicotine-induced increases in both PERK phosphorylation and Hsd11b1 mRNA levels, revealing a potential novel therapeutic approach to reverse the deleterious effects of nicotine exposure in pregnancy.	Nicotine	137-145	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-204
26239821-7	2016	RESULTS: Both nicotine-containing and nicotine-free fluids induced an increased ROS production after 24 h, along with an increased Bax expression, followed by apoptosis occurrence after 48 h of exposure.	Nicotine	14-22	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	131-134
26418512-2	2016	Nicotine is the most extensively investigated component of cigarette smoke, and a comprehensive analysis of the genes induced by nicotine stimulation revealed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) was induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell (OSCC).	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	164-177
26418512-2	2016	Nicotine is the most extensively investigated component of cigarette smoke, and a comprehensive analysis of the genes induced by nicotine stimulation revealed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) was induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell (OSCC).	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	179-183
26418512-2	2016	Nicotine is the most extensively investigated component of cigarette smoke, and a comprehensive analysis of the genes induced by nicotine stimulation revealed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) was induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell (OSCC).	Nicotine	129-137	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	164-177
26418512-2	2016	Nicotine is the most extensively investigated component of cigarette smoke, and a comprehensive analysis of the genes induced by nicotine stimulation revealed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) was induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell (OSCC).	Nicotine	129-137	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	179-183
26418512-3	2016	Based on this background, the signaling mechanisms of nicotine-mediated IL-8 induction in OSCC was investigated.	Nicotine	54-62	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	72-76
26418512-6	2016	Only the CaMK II inhibitor was found to exert an inhibitory effect on nicotine-mediated IL-8 secretion.	Nicotine	70-78	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	88-92
26418512-10	2016	The results from this study indicate that the binding of nicotine to nAChR induces Ca(2+) influx, which results in the activation and phosphorylation of CaMK II and NF-kappaB p65, respectively.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
26418512-11	2016	Nicotine-mediated IL-8 induction should be a trigger for the initiation of various diseases.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	18-22
27118643-3	2016	METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression changes of EMT-related markers, E-cadherin and Vimentin, in A549 lung cancer cells treated with nicotine; The transposition of beta-catenin protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence; Scratch test and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of nicotine on lung cancer cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	171-179	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	107-117
26721233-6	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Restoration of miR-98 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on differentiation of P19 cells via targeting the 3"-UTR of Wnt1, which offers novel insights into our understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of congenital heart defects.	Nicotine	69-77	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
26667487-7	2016	In culture, nicotine-stimulated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion in primary patient-derived TAS and nicotine stimulation was required for persistent pancreatic cancer cell c-Met activation in a coculture model.	Nicotine	108-116	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	180-185
26418512-0	2016	Nicotine-Mediated Ca(2+)-Influx Induces IL-8 Secretion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	40-44
26239821-7	2016	RESULTS: Both nicotine-containing and nicotine-free fluids induced an increased ROS production after 24 h, along with an increased Bax expression, followed by apoptosis occurrence after 48 h of exposure.	Nicotine	38-46	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	131-134
27028622-8	2016	Nicotine treatment reduced cell viability dose dependently, increased ROS levels, and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK expression.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	96-133
26684861-6	2016	RESULTS: Pretreatment with nicotine strongly alleviated severity of SAP-associated lung injury through attenuating serum amylase, lipase, and interleukin 6 levels; pancreas and lung pathological injury; lung myeloperoxidase activity; lung tumor necrosis factor-alpha; and high-mobility group box 1 expression.	Nicotine	27-35	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	68-155
27028622-8	2016	Nicotine treatment reduced cell viability dose dependently, increased ROS levels, and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK expression.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
27028622-8	2016	Nicotine treatment reduced cell viability dose dependently, increased ROS levels, and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK expression.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	141-164
27028622-8	2016	Nicotine treatment reduced cell viability dose dependently, increased ROS levels, and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK expression.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	166-169
27028622-9	2016	Nicotine increased NF-kappaB activation, which was attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and ERK and JNK inhibitors, but was not affected by a p38 MAPK inhibitor.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
27028622-9	2016	Nicotine increased NF-kappaB activation, which was attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and ERK and JNK inhibitors, but was not affected by a p38 MAPK inhibitor.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	98-101
27028622-10	2016	Nicotine increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which was attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the NF-kappaB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, and hexamethonium, a non-specific nAChR blocker.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	23-26
27028622-10	2016	Nicotine increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which was attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the NF-kappaB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, and hexamethonium, a non-specific nAChR blocker.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	27-32
26520239-5	2016	After nicotine administration, there was a positive shift in correlation of mass/charge peak expression levels with substance P and proenkephalin A (218-228).	Nicotine	6-14	preproenkephalin	Mus musculus	132-147
26970742-9	2016	This inhibitory effect on Ca(2+) oscillation subsequently led to the inhibition of RANKL-induced NFATc1 and c-fos expression after long-term treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	97-103
26810225-9	2016	Finally, mRNA transcript levels for CCL2 and CXCL2, chemokines involved in the chemotaxis of proinflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, respectively, are reduced in the brain of nicotine-treated EAE mice before the massive infiltration of these cells.	Nicotine	178-186	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	45-50
26589642-4	2016	We and others have shown increased extracellular glutamate concentration, which was associated with down regulation of the major glutamate transporter, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), in brain reward regions of animals exposed to drug abuse, including nicotine and ethanol.	Nicotine	253-261	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	152-175
26589642-4	2016	We and others have shown increased extracellular glutamate concentration, which was associated with down regulation of the major glutamate transporter, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), in brain reward regions of animals exposed to drug abuse, including nicotine and ethanol.	Nicotine	253-261	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	177-182
26719530-6	2016	These investigations showed that nicotine increased glutamine consumption and invasiveness of cancer cells in vitro and accelerated metastatic progression in tumor-bearing TRAMP mice.	Nicotine	33-41	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25	Mus musculus	172-177
26997181-0	2016	CHRNA5/A3/B4 Variant rs3743078 and Nicotine-Related Phenotypes: Indirect Effects Through Nicotine Craving.	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
26997181-0	2016	CHRNA5/A3/B4 Variant rs3743078 and Nicotine-Related Phenotypes: Indirect Effects Through Nicotine Craving.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
26419886-8	2016	There is indirect evidence to suggest that nicotine and acrolein may lead to CFTR dysfunction thereby influencing ductal secretion.	Nicotine	43-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-81
26741278-6	2016	Although ARPG and LRG were associated with multiple past-year Axis-I and lifetime Axis-II psychiatric disorders in both AI/AN and other American adults, LRG was more strongly associated with both Axis-I disorders (particularly major depression, generalized anxiety disorder and nicotine dependence) and Cluster-B Axis-II (particularly antisocial personality disorder) disorders in AI/AN versus other American adults.	Nicotine	278-286	leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	153-156
26851533-8	2016	The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly decreased in the infected mice treated with nicotine compared with methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	130-138	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	30-39
26851533-8	2016	The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly decreased in the infected mice treated with nicotine compared with methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	130-138	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	41-49
26851533-8	2016	The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly decreased in the infected mice treated with nicotine compared with methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	130-138	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	51-55
26992678-7	2016	RESULTS: Nicotine suppresses LPS-stimulated placental proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) production except IL-17 in vitro, and reduces leucocytes infiltration in the placental chorionic plate caused by LPS in vivo.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
26992678-7	2016	RESULTS: Nicotine suppresses LPS-stimulated placental proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) production except IL-17 in vitro, and reduces leucocytes infiltration in the placental chorionic plate caused by LPS in vivo.	Nicotine	9-17	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	99-108
26918336-7	2016	In addition, nicotine enhanced cardiac ROS production and significantly attenuated protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) protein abundance in the heart.	Nicotine	13-21	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	83-106
26803692-0	2016	nAChR dysfunction as a common substrate for schizophrenia and comorbid nicotine addiction: Current trends and perspectives.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
26925951-5	2016	Using primary cultures of murine bone marrow cells, we then determined the effect of nicotine on monocyte colony-stimulating factor and interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-induced monocyte production.	Nicotine	85-93	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	136-164
26925951-6	2016	We found that nicotine lowered the overall number of monocytes, and more specifically, inhibited the IFNgamma-induced increase in pro-inflammatory monocytes by reducing cell proliferation and viability.	Nicotine	14-22	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	101-109
26925951-8	2016	We thus confirmed this hypothesis by measuring cytokine expression, where we found that nicotine inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-12, while stimulating the secretion of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine.	Nicotine	88-96	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	156-164
26925951-8	2016	We thus confirmed this hypothesis by measuring cytokine expression, where we found that nicotine inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-12, while stimulating the secretion of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine.	Nicotine	88-96	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	166-174
26925951-8	2016	We thus confirmed this hypothesis by measuring cytokine expression, where we found that nicotine inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-12, while stimulating the secretion of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine.	Nicotine	88-96	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	221-226
26918336-9	2016	NAC inhibited nicotine-mediated increase in ROS production, recovered PKCepsilon gene expression and abrogated increased phosphorylation of GSK3beta.	Nicotine	14-22	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
26918336-7	2016	In addition, nicotine enhanced cardiac ROS production and significantly attenuated protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) protein abundance in the heart.	Nicotine	13-21	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
26909550-0	2016	Nicotine Inhibits Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis via Regulating alpha5-nAChR/AKT Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
26909550-12	2016	This effect correlated with the induction of Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin and Caspase-3 by nicotine in gastric cell lines.	Nicotine	83-91	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	45-50
26909550-12	2016	This effect correlated with the induction of Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin and Caspase-3 by nicotine in gastric cell lines.	Nicotine	83-91	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	52-55
26909550-12	2016	This effect correlated with the induction of Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin and Caspase-3 by nicotine in gastric cell lines.	Nicotine	83-91	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	70-79
26909550-13	2016	These results suggest that exposure to nicotine might negatively impact the apoptotic potential of chemotherapeutic drugs and that alpha5-nAChR/AKT signaling plays a key role in the anti-apoptotic activity of nicotine induced by cisplatin.	Nicotine	209-217	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
26607717-0	2016	Nicotine Induced Murine Spermatozoa Apoptosis via Up-Regulation of Deubiquitinated RIP1 by Trim27 Promoter Hypomethylation.	Nicotine	0-8	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1	Mus musculus	83-87
26879047-1	2016	Nicotine addiction is associated with risky behaviors and abnormalities in local brain areas related to risky decision-making such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula (AI), and thalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	172-176
26879047-6	2016	Furthermore, the severity of nicotine dependence positively correlated with RSFC of the dACC-thalamus but was not associated with risk level-related activation.	Nicotine	29-37	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	88-92
26879047-7	2016	Importantly, the dACC-thalamus coupling fully mediated the effect of nicotine-dependent severity on risky decision-making.	Nicotine	69-77	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	17-21
26607717-6	2016	TRIM27, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that activated TNF apoptotic pathway through up-regulating deubiquitinated RIP1, was also overexpressed in nicotine-treated spermatocytes; moreover, four consecutive CpG sites near the Trim27 transcription start site were less frequently methylated.	Nicotine	138-146	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	46-49
26607717-6	2016	TRIM27, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that activated TNF apoptotic pathway through up-regulating deubiquitinated RIP1, was also overexpressed in nicotine-treated spermatocytes; moreover, four consecutive CpG sites near the Trim27 transcription start site were less frequently methylated.	Nicotine	138-146	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1	Mus musculus	106-110
26687064-6	2016	STAT3 and NF-kappaB activation in HFD-O mice ICV injected with nicotine (agonist) were lower than SC-O mice.	Nicotine	63-71	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	0-5
26774337-9	2016	These nicotine effects were blocked by treatment with mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
26774337-10	2016	These data suggest that nicotine degrades mitofusin in NT2/D1 cells and thus induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell growth inhibition in a nAChR-dependent manner.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
26848839-9	2016	Moreover, the patients with schizophrenia with completed suicide or positive nicotine exposure showed significantly higher expression of GAD2 full length transcript.	Nicotine	77-85	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
26608528-2	2016	Delineation of nAChR subtypes and their responses to nicotine stimulation in bronchial epithelium may provide information for therapeutic targeting in smoking-related inflammation in the airway.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
26608528-4	2016	Seven human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs) were exposed to nicotine in vitro for their response in nAChR subunit gene expression to nicotine exposure and removal.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
26608528-4	2016	Seven human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs) were exposed to nicotine in vitro for their response in nAChR subunit gene expression to nicotine exposure and removal.	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
26608528-6	2016	Nicotine stimulation in HBECs resulted in transient increase in the levels of nAChR alpha5 and alpha6 but more sustained increase in nAChR alpha7 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
26608528-6	2016	Nicotine stimulation in HBECs resulted in transient increase in the levels of nAChR alpha5 and alpha6 but more sustained increase in nAChR alpha7 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
26608528-8	2016	Nicotine exposure in HBECs resulted in both short and longer term responses in nAChR subunit gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
26317299-6	2016	Our data suggest that insulin signaling genes, daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, and akt-2, modulate behavioral responses to nicotine in C. elegans, indicating a genetic link between nicotine behavior and insulin signaling.	Nicotine	119-127	Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Protein kinase domain-containing protein;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase	Caenorhabditis elegans	47-52
26317299-6	2016	Our data suggest that insulin signaling genes, daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, and akt-2, modulate behavioral responses to nicotine in C. elegans, indicating a genetic link between nicotine behavior and insulin signaling.	Nicotine	177-185	Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Protein kinase domain-containing protein;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase	Caenorhabditis elegans	47-52
26607717-8	2016	In summary, our study suggests that nicotine may induce murine spermatozoal apoptosis via the TNF apoptotic pathway through up-regulation of deubiquitinated RIP1 by Trim27 promoter hypomethylation.	Nicotine	36-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	94-97
26607717-8	2016	In summary, our study suggests that nicotine may induce murine spermatozoal apoptosis via the TNF apoptotic pathway through up-regulation of deubiquitinated RIP1 by Trim27 promoter hypomethylation.	Nicotine	36-44	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1	Mus musculus	157-161
26607717-3	2016	Out of the 86 genes related to apoptosis, Tnf (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was screened to be the most significant varied transcript, and the Onto-pathway analysis indicated that the TNF apoptotic pathway was especially activated by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	234-242	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	42-45
26607717-3	2016	Out of the 86 genes related to apoptosis, Tnf (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was screened to be the most significant varied transcript, and the Onto-pathway analysis indicated that the TNF apoptotic pathway was especially activated by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	234-242	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	47-74
26607717-3	2016	Out of the 86 genes related to apoptosis, Tnf (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was screened to be the most significant varied transcript, and the Onto-pathway analysis indicated that the TNF apoptotic pathway was especially activated by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	234-242	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	184-187
26607717-5	2016	The results showed that RIP1, the key component in the TNF apoptotic pathway, was up-expressed in its deubiquitinated form in nicotine-treated mice testis.	Nicotine	126-134	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1	Mus musculus	24-28
26607717-5	2016	The results showed that RIP1, the key component in the TNF apoptotic pathway, was up-expressed in its deubiquitinated form in nicotine-treated mice testis.	Nicotine	126-134	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-58
27251500-3	2016	Kaempferol, kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, puerarin and ferulic acid showed strong inhibition of nicotine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) expression while kaempferol, kaempferin, and caffeic acid attenuated intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression.	Nicotine	107-115	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	157-163
26472220-0	2016	Nicotine reduces the levels of surfactant proteins A and D via Wnt/beta-catenin and PKC signaling in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
26472220-3	2016	Nicotine induced activation of protein kinase C(PKC), and the involvement of PKC in mediating Wnt signaling has been demonstrated previously.	Nicotine	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-51
26472220-5	2016	We showed that nicotine activated the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway, and this activation was accompanied by a decrease in SP-A and SP-D expression.	Nicotine	15-23	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
26529089-5	2016	The nicotine treatment significantly decreased body weight, total glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the N group compared to controls.	Nicotine	4-12	glutathione peroxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
26530054-9	2016	Nicotine increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, Akt and PI3K p85 but had no effect on phosphorylation of JNK, or NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
26845123-5	2016	Most of these effects are a result of nicotine binding and activation of cell-surface neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and downstream intracellular signalling cascades, and many are blocked by nAChR subtype-selective antagonists.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
26845123-6	2016	Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms of nAChR subunits that influence nicotine dependence and lung cancer.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	82-113
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	115-119
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	136-163
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	165-174
26530054-0	2016	Nicotine enhances invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor downstream p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
26530054-0	2016	Nicotine enhances invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor downstream p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	135-139
26530054-9	2016	Nicotine increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, Akt and PI3K p85 but had no effect on phosphorylation of JNK, or NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
26496817-0	2016	BAG2 expression dictates a functional intracellular switch between the p38-dependent effects of nicotine on tau phosphorylation levels via the alpha7 nicotinic receptor.	Nicotine	96-104	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	71-74
26496817-12	2016	Thus, we report that BAG2 expression dictates a functional intracellular switch between the p38-dependent functions of nicotine on tau phosphorylation levels via the alpha7 nicotinic receptor.	Nicotine	119-127	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	92-95
26001208-0	2016	Nicotine contributes to the neural stem cells fate against toxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Abeta via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	109-114
26001208-7	2016	However, addition of 10 mumol/L nicotine before microglias treated with Abeta was beneficial to protect the NSCs against neurotoxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Abeta, which partially rescued proliferation, differentiation and inhibited apoptosis of NSCs via activation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	32-40	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	176-181
29238623-3	2016	The other drugs, including nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and perhaps caffeine can affect CARTp or CART mRNA levels.	Nicotine	27-35	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	87-92
29238623-3	2016	The other drugs, including nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and perhaps caffeine can affect CARTp or CART mRNA levels.	Nicotine	27-35	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	87-91
27688602-6	2016	In vitro, nicotine induced the expression of MCP-1 and RANTES in both RAW264.7 (mouse macrophage) and MOVAS (mouse vascular smooth muscle) cells in a dose-dependent manner; expression was upregulated by 0.5 ng/mL nicotine but strongly downregulated by 500 ng/mL nicotine.	Nicotine	10-18	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	55-61
27688602-6	2016	In vitro, nicotine induced the expression of MCP-1 and RANTES in both RAW264.7 (mouse macrophage) and MOVAS (mouse vascular smooth muscle) cells in a dose-dependent manner; expression was upregulated by 0.5 ng/mL nicotine but strongly downregulated by 500 ng/mL nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	55-61
27688602-6	2016	In vitro, nicotine induced the expression of MCP-1 and RANTES in both RAW264.7 (mouse macrophage) and MOVAS (mouse vascular smooth muscle) cells in a dose-dependent manner; expression was upregulated by 0.5 ng/mL nicotine but strongly downregulated by 500 ng/mL nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	55-61
27688602-8	2016	In conclusion, SP600125 attenuates nicotine plus AngII-induced AAA formation likely by inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES.	Nicotine	35-43	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	123-129
25316032-8	2016	As a result, following treatment with 1 mug/ml nicotine, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and transforming growth factor-beta1 production in both cell lysates and supernatants, and matrix metalloproteinases-1 production in cell lysates, were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	47-55	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	57-133
26870265-12	2016	Nicotine did not induce Akt phosphorylation by itself, but instead promoted the HGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
26870265-12	2016	Nicotine did not induce Akt phosphorylation by itself, but instead promoted the HGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
26870265-15	2016	The current study provides an insight into the mechanism of tumor promotion by demonstrating that nicotine and alpha7-nAchRs act in synergy with the HGF-induced PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to HGF, and thereby promoting cell migration, a vital step in invasion and metastasis.	Nicotine	98-106	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	166-169
26530054-9	2016	Nicotine increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, Akt and PI3K p85 but had no effect on phosphorylation of JNK, or NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
26530054-11	2016	We concluded that nicotine stimulates the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro via activation of the nAchRs and the p38 MAPK downstream signaling pathway.	Nicotine	18-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
25973643-7	2016	Moreover, folic acid in combination with vitamin B12 also attenuated the nicotine-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress (17-88% recovery), TNF-alpha (40-99% recovery), and IL-6 level (47-65% recovery), CRP level (59-73% recovery), expression of NF-kappaB and caspase-3, and apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells.	Nicotine	73-81	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	148-157
25973643-7	2016	Moreover, folic acid in combination with vitamin B12 also attenuated the nicotine-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress (17-88% recovery), TNF-alpha (40-99% recovery), and IL-6 level (47-65% recovery), CRP level (59-73% recovery), expression of NF-kappaB and caspase-3, and apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells.	Nicotine	73-81	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
25973643-7	2016	Moreover, folic acid in combination with vitamin B12 also attenuated the nicotine-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress (17-88% recovery), TNF-alpha (40-99% recovery), and IL-6 level (47-65% recovery), CRP level (59-73% recovery), expression of NF-kappaB and caspase-3, and apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells.	Nicotine	73-81	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
26429939-2	2015	nAChRs in the medial habenula (MHb) have recently been shown to play a role in nicotine dependence, but it is not clear which nAChR subtypes or MHb neuron types are most important.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
26812869-0	2015	The effect of nicotine on the expressions of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor gene and Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the mammary gland epithelial-7 breast cancer cell line and its relationship to drug resistance.	Nicotine	14-22	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	84-87
26812869-0	2015	The effect of nicotine on the expressions of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor gene and Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the mammary gland epithelial-7 breast cancer cell line and its relationship to drug resistance.	Nicotine	14-22	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	92-97
26812869-4	2015	This study focuses on the effect of nicotine on the expressions of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor gene and Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in mammary gland epithelial-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells and its relationship to drug resistance.	Nicotine	36-44	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	106-109
26812869-4	2015	This study focuses on the effect of nicotine on the expressions of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor gene and Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in mammary gland epithelial-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells and its relationship to drug resistance.	Nicotine	36-44	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	114-119
24986226-0	2015	Regulation of tumor progression via the Snail-RKIP signaling pathway by nicotine exposure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.	Nicotine	72-80	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
26440997-0	2015	Postnatal nicotine effects on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the developing piglet hippocampus and brainstem.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-81
26440997-3	2015	Nicotine, the major neurotoxic component of cigarette smoke, induces its actions by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-128
26440997-3	2015	Nicotine, the major neurotoxic component of cigarette smoke, induces its actions by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
26440997-8	2015	This is the first demonstration that non-classical nAChR subunits are affected by postnatal nicotine in the developing brain, and the implications are discussed.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
26334245-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to investigate the expression of phospholipase D (PLD) 1 and PLD2 in periodontal patients and in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) exposed to nicotine plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Toll-like receptor 2 ligand).	Nicotine	194-202	phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	77-100
26334245-8	2015	Nicotine and LPS upregulated PLD1 and PLD2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in HPDLCs.	Nicotine	0-8	phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	29-33
26334245-9	2015	Pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine- and LPS-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8.	Nicotine	76-84	phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	47-51
26334245-9	2015	Pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine- and LPS-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8.	Nicotine	76-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	159-175
26334245-9	2015	Pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine- and LPS-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8.	Nicotine	76-84	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	254-281
26334245-9	2015	Pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine- and LPS-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8.	Nicotine	76-84	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	283-305
26334245-9	2015	Pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine- and LPS-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8.	Nicotine	76-84	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	311-315
26334245-11	2015	In addition, PLD isoform inhibitors and siRNA inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase C, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	60-68	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	13-16
26334245-11	2015	In addition, PLD isoform inhibitors and siRNA inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase C, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	60-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	145-148
26318101-2	2015	SNPs in the putative promoter region of CHRNB3, the gene that encodes the beta3 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), have been repeatedly associated with nicotine behaviors.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
26429939-6	2015	The latter result was correlated with a differing ability of nicotine to induce nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
26429939-7	2015	Chronic nicotine caused functional upregulation of nAChRs selectively in MHbVI cells, but did not change nAChR function in MHbVL.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
26429939-11	2015	Together, these results suggest that acute and chronic nicotine differentially affect nAChR function and output of cells in MHb subregions.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
26438212-2	2015	The alpha3beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR subtypes are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and play a critical role in various pathophysiological conditions ranging from nicotine addiction to the development and progression of lung cancer.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
26586280-6	2015	Chronic nicotine administration alone or combined to ethanol caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity in lung tissue compared to control rats suggesting an oxidative damage.	Nicotine	8-16	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	163-171
26397133-1	2015	In tobacco-associated lung cancers, the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathway frequently is activated by nicotine and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).	Nicotine	133-141	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	57-86
26397133-1	2015	In tobacco-associated lung cancers, the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathway frequently is activated by nicotine and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).	Nicotine	133-141	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
26397133-1	2015	In tobacco-associated lung cancers, the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathway frequently is activated by nicotine and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).	Nicotine	133-141	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	92-96
26586280-6	2015	Chronic nicotine administration alone or combined to ethanol caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity in lung tissue compared to control rats suggesting an oxidative damage.	Nicotine	8-16	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
26617606-8	2015	This article presents our perspective on the modulatory effects of CS and nicotine on the "histamine-TLR-COX-2 axis."	Nicotine	74-82	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	105-110
26588686-3	2015	This study aims to investigate whether iPLA2beta mediates nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and migration through both in-vitro and in-vivo techniques.	Nicotine	58-66	phospholipase A2, group VI	Mus musculus	39-48
26588686-7	2015	Additionally, nicotine-induced MMP-9 expression was found to be mediated in an iPLA2beta dependent manner.	Nicotine	14-22	phospholipase A2, group VI	Mus musculus	79-88
26588686-8	2015	These results suggest that iPLA2beta plays a critical role in mediating both basal and nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and migration in-vitro.	Nicotine	87-95	phospholipase A2, group VI	Mus musculus	27-36
26588686-12	2015	CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that nicotine-induced migration is mediated by MMP-9 production in an iPLA2beta dependent manner.	Nicotine	45-53	phospholipase A2, group VI	Mus musculus	110-119
25108310-5	2015	Specific effects of orexin on layer VIb neurons were potentiated by low nicotine concentrations and we used this paradigm to explore their intracortical projections.	Nicotine	72-80	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	20-26
25998908-7	2015	Nicotine abolished PVIgG-dependent CytC release, showing a dose-dependent effect, suggesting that protection of mitochondria can be a novel mechanism of therapeutic action of nicotinic agonists in PV.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	35-39
26025503-6	2015	In normal lung lynx1 serves to limit the ability of chronic nicotine exposure to increase levels of nicotinic receptors and also serves to limit the ability of nicotine to upregulate levels of GABAA receptors in lung.	Nicotine	60-68	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
26025503-6	2015	In normal lung lynx1 serves to limit the ability of chronic nicotine exposure to increase levels of nicotinic receptors and also serves to limit the ability of nicotine to upregulate levels of GABAA receptors in lung.	Nicotine	160-168	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
26025503-7	2015	In turn this allows lynx1 to limit the ability of nicotine to upregulate levels of mucin which is mediated by GABAergic signaling.	Nicotine	50-58	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
26209886-4	2015	The PBMC treatment with PHA plus nicotine produced a significant decrease of IL-1beta e IL-17 both as transcript and as protein, confirming that the PBMC of the patients respond to the cholinergic stimulation more than PBMC of HD.	Nicotine	33-41	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	77-85
26272810-7	2015	RESULTS: Thalamic nAChR alpha4beta2* availability was significantly reduced in slow nicotine metabolizers (P = 0.04).	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
26250894-4	2015	The levels of CRMP2 mRNA and protein were increased 2-24 hr and 4-24 hr, respectively, after application of nicotine (3 mg/kg, i.p.	Nicotine	108-116	dihydropyrimidinase-like 2	Mus musculus	14-19
26250894-8	2015	Although the level of ubiquitinated CRMP2 was increased 8 hr after nicotine treatment, the ratio of ubiquitinated CRMP2 to total CRMP2 protein was similar for nicotine-treated and nontreated mice.	Nicotine	67-75	dihydropyrimidinase-like 2	Mus musculus	36-41
26272810-9	2015	CONCLUSION: The rate of nicotine metabolism is associated with thalamic nAChR availability.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
26272810-10	2015	Additional studies could examine whether altered nAChR availability underlies the differences in treatment response between slow and normal metabolizers of nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
26397391-7	2015	In addition, the present study showed that nicotine-stimulated alpha7 nAChR activation led to a significant downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NK-kappaB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Nicotine	43-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	165-202
26397391-5	2015	Investigation of the underlying mechanism showed that nicotine reduced the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	54-62	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	119-146
26397391-5	2015	Investigation of the underlying mechanism showed that nicotine reduced the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	54-62	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	151-164
25948103-0	2015	A CHRNA5 Smoking Risk Variant Decreases the Aversive Effects of Nicotine in Humans.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	2-8
25948103-3	2015	We evaluated the effects of a candidate causal variant in CHRNA5, rs16969968, on the acute response to nicotine in European American (EA) and African American (AA) smokers (n=192; 50% AA; 73% male).	Nicotine	103-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-64
26397391-7	2015	In addition, the present study showed that nicotine-stimulated alpha7 nAChR activation led to a significant downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NK-kappaB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Nicotine	43-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	204-207
26507386-8	2015	The mRNA expressions and protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly downregulated in dose-dependent manners in the nicotine treatment groups compared to the infected untreated group.	Nicotine	147-155	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	43-52
26277383-6	2015	Indeed, the effects of nicotine-pretreatment were not seen in synaptosomes containing pre-entrapped pep2-SVKI, a peptide known to compete for the binding of GluA2 subunit to scaffolding proteins involved in AMPA endocytosis, while entrapment of pep2-SVKE, an inactive peptide used as negative control, was inefficacious.	Nicotine	23-31	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-162
26507386-8	2015	The mRNA expressions and protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly downregulated in dose-dependent manners in the nicotine treatment groups compared to the infected untreated group.	Nicotine	147-155	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	54-62
26507386-8	2015	The mRNA expressions and protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly downregulated in dose-dependent manners in the nicotine treatment groups compared to the infected untreated group.	Nicotine	147-155	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	64-68
26474621-3	2015	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was investigated by real-time PCR after U937 cells were treated with nicotine, P.g-LPS and their combination.	Nicotine	101-109	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-13
26474621-7	2015	However, the ability of P.g-LPS induced IL-6 expression was inhibited by 100 mumol/L nicotine in U937 cells.	Nicotine	85-93	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	40-44
26474621-10	2015	CONCLUSION: P.g-LPS in combination with nicotine could recruit monocytes to endothelial lesion through up-regulation of CCL-8, and promote adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells through enhancement of Vcam-1/VLA4alpha and OX40/OX40L interactions, which could be involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	40-48	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	205-211
26474621-10	2015	CONCLUSION: P.g-LPS in combination with nicotine could recruit monocytes to endothelial lesion through up-regulation of CCL-8, and promote adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells through enhancement of Vcam-1/VLA4alpha and OX40/OX40L interactions, which could be involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	40-48	TNF receptor superfamily member 4	Homo sapiens	226-230
26474621-8	2015	In HUVECs, the expressions of CCL-8, Vcam-1, VLA4alpha, OX40 and OX40L were significantly up-regulated by nicotine and P.g-LPS combination compared with nicotine alone, P.g-LPS alone and the untreated control.	Nicotine	106-114	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
26474621-8	2015	In HUVECs, the expressions of CCL-8, Vcam-1, VLA4alpha, OX40 and OX40L were significantly up-regulated by nicotine and P.g-LPS combination compared with nicotine alone, P.g-LPS alone and the untreated control.	Nicotine	106-114	TNF receptor superfamily member 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
26220977-0	2015	A multiancestry study identifies novel genetic associations with CHRNA5 methylation in human brain and risk of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-71
26220977-1	2015	Nicotine dependence is influenced by chromosome 15q25.1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the missense SNP rs16969968 that alters function of the alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA5) and noncoding SNPs that regulate CHRNA5 mRNA expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-209
26220977-1	2015	Nicotine dependence is influenced by chromosome 15q25.1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the missense SNP rs16969968 that alters function of the alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA5) and noncoding SNPs that regulate CHRNA5 mRNA expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	244-250
26220977-5	2015	Of the eight cis-meQTL SNPs, only the intronic CHRNB4 SNP rs11636753 was associated with CHRNA5 methylation independently of the known SNP effects in prefrontal cortex, and it was the most significantly associated SNP with nicotine dependence across five independent cohorts (total N = 7858 European ancestry and 3238 AA participants): P = 6.7 x 10(-4), odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.11 (1.05-1.18).	Nicotine	223-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-95
26220977-8	2015	Our findings identify a novel regulatory SNP association with nicotine dependence and connect, for the first time, previously observed differences in CHRNA5 mRNA expression and nicotine dependence risk to underlying DNA methylation differences.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-156
26440539-0	2015	Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-79
26440539-6	2015	Using criteria for smoking behavior that encompass more than the single "cigarettes per day" item, we identified a common CHRNA4 variant with important regulatory properties that contributes to nicotine dependence and smoking-related consequences.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-128
26269589-3	2015	The effect of cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, on nAChR trafficking and assembly has not been extensively investigated.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
26265067-3	2015	Here, we present the first large-scale analysis of the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations in pancreatic stellate cells following treatment with two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands: nicotine and alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	206-214	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-188
26265067-3	2015	Here, we present the first large-scale analysis of the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations in pancreatic stellate cells following treatment with two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands: nicotine and alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	206-214	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
26055203-15	2015	In addition, cross state-dependent learning between WIN and ethanol or nicotine was associated with the increase of the hippocampal p-CREB/CREB ratio.	Nicotine	71-79	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	134-138
26055203-15	2015	In addition, cross state-dependent learning between WIN and ethanol or nicotine was associated with the increase of the hippocampal p-CREB/CREB ratio.	Nicotine	71-79	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	139-143
26055203-9	2015	The hippocampal p-CREB/CREB ratio enhanced in ethanol- and ethanol-nicotine induced STD.	Nicotine	67-75	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26055203-9	2015	The hippocampal p-CREB/CREB ratio enhanced in ethanol- and ethanol-nicotine induced STD.	Nicotine	67-75	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	23-27
27350810-3	2015	We previously identified common SNPs in a distant regulatory element (DRE) that increase CHRNA5 mRNA expression in the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) and confer risk for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	169-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-95
25802079-0	2015	The Novel Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Positive Allosteric Modulator, AZD8529, Decreases Nicotine Self-Administration and Relapse in Squirrel Monkeys.	Nicotine	94-102	glutamate metabotropic receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-43
25393899-10	2015	Furthermore, pretreatment with isoproterenol or resistin-specific siRNA blocked nicotine plus LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, beta-catenin, p38, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB.	Nicotine	80-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	194-197
25393899-10	2015	Furthermore, pretreatment with isoproterenol or resistin-specific siRNA blocked nicotine plus LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, beta-catenin, p38, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB.	Nicotine	80-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	199-202
26370265-6	2015	Moreover, an enhanced inward rectification of AMPAR current by nicotine suggested a functional role of calcium permeable and GluA1 containing AMPAR.	Nicotine	63-71	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
26175091-4	2015	Starting from classical homology and docking approaches, binding mode hypotheses are created for five agonists of the nAChR, covering insecticides in the main group 4 of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mode of action (MoA) classification, namely, neonicotinoids, nicotine, sulfoxaflor, and butenolides.	Nicotine	282-290	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
26441658-7	2015	At 100 muM, it activated 16% of the maximal current activated by nicotine.	Nicotine	65-73	latexin	Homo sapiens	7-10
26441658-9	2015	At higher concentrations of nicotine, NNK always inhibited the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
26441658-10	2015	In contrast, NNN was a pure inhibitor of this nAChR subtype, with IC50 of approximately 1 nM in the presence of 10 muM nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
26441658-10	2015	In contrast, NNN was a pure inhibitor of this nAChR subtype, with IC50 of approximately 1 nM in the presence of 10 muM nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	latexin	Homo sapiens	115-118
26370265-9	2015	These results have revealed that nicotine increases AMPAR current by modulating the phosphorylation state of GluA1 which is dependent on alpha7-nAChR and intracellular calcium.	Nicotine	33-41	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
26205096-0	2015	alpha5-nAChR modulates nicotine-induced cell migration and invasion in A549 lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
26355604-11	2015	In particular, co-administration of menthol and nicotine appears to promote significant increase in beta2 and alpha4 nAChR subunit expression in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum of mice.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	110-122
26259694-3	2015	We found that acute nicotine injection markedly attenuated LPS-elicited cognitive deficits and suppressed the strong LPS-induced release of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha into serum and the dorsal hippocampus at 4 and 24h after LPS injection.	Nicotine	20-28	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	140-148
26259694-3	2015	We found that acute nicotine injection markedly attenuated LPS-elicited cognitive deficits and suppressed the strong LPS-induced release of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha into serum and the dorsal hippocampus at 4 and 24h after LPS injection.	Nicotine	20-28	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	150-154
26259694-3	2015	We found that acute nicotine injection markedly attenuated LPS-elicited cognitive deficits and suppressed the strong LPS-induced release of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha into serum and the dorsal hippocampus at 4 and 24h after LPS injection.	Nicotine	20-28	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	160-169
26224008-7	2015	Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced BP responses were significantly higher in nicotine-treated group than in saline-treated control group, and NAC treatment blocked the nicotine-induced increase in BP response.	Nicotine	74-82	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
26224008-7	2015	Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced BP responses were significantly higher in nicotine-treated group than in saline-treated control group, and NAC treatment blocked the nicotine-induced increase in BP response.	Nicotine	74-82	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	16-22
26224008-7	2015	Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced BP responses were significantly higher in nicotine-treated group than in saline-treated control group, and NAC treatment blocked the nicotine-induced increase in BP response.	Nicotine	165-173	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
26224008-7	2015	Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced BP responses were significantly higher in nicotine-treated group than in saline-treated control group, and NAC treatment blocked the nicotine-induced increase in BP response.	Nicotine	165-173	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	16-22
26224008-8	2015	Consistent with that, the nicotine treatment significantly increased both Ang II-induced and phorbol [12, 13]-dibutyrate (PDBu, a Prkc activator)-induced arterial contractions in adult offspring, which were blocked by NAC treatment.	Nicotine	26-34	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	74-80
26142345-2	2015	This study tests whether the coding variant rs16969968 in the CHRNA5 nicotinic receptor gene predicts the effects of combination nicotine replacement therapy (cNRT) and varenicline on treatment outcomes.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-68
26205096-4	2015	Recently studies have indicated that alpha5-nAChR is highly associated with lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
26205096-10	2015	Nicotine can induce activation of alpha5-nAChR in association with increased migration and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cell.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
26205096-11	2015	Treatment of cells with alpha5-nAChR specific siRNA blocks nicotine-stimulated activation of alpha5-nAChR and suppresses A549 cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
26205096-11	2015	Treatment of cells with alpha5-nAChR specific siRNA blocks nicotine-stimulated activation of alpha5-nAChR and suppresses A549 cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
26205096-13	2015	These findings suggest that nicotine-induced migration and invasion may occur in a mechanism through activation of alpha5-nAChR, which can contribute to metastasis or development of human lung cancer.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
26228411-8	2015	This approach, combined with an optimized genetic selection strategy (Vrieze et al., 2012), revealed genetic variants involved in stress regulation (FKBP5, SERT x OPMR), social bonding (OXTR), and nicotine responsivity (CHRNA5) in predicting comorbid status.	Nicotine	197-205	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	220-226
26184482-0	2015	Nicotine Induces Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance through Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Bladder Cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
26141182-2	2015	However, the acute and chronic effects of smoking and nicotine gum on the ET-1 response to acute physical stress in young healthy smokers have not been investigated.	Nicotine	54-62	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
26184482-0	2015	Nicotine Induces Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance through Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Bladder Cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	85-89
26184482-7	2015	Phospho-specific Akt (pAkt) and phospho-specific p70 S6 kinase (pS6) were significantly upregulated by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	103-111	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
26184482-11	2015	In conclusion, nicotine increases tumor growth and induces acquired chemoresistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in bladder cancer.	Nicotine	15-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
26184482-11	2015	In conclusion, nicotine increases tumor growth and induces acquired chemoresistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in bladder cancer.	Nicotine	15-23	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	119-123
26100595-0	2015	Nicotine-induced cellular stresses and autophagy in human cancer colon cells: A supportive effect on cell homeostasis via up-regulation of Cox-2 and PGE(2) production.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	139-144
25498233-1	2015	Recent human genetic studies have identified genetic variants in multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes that are associated with risk for nicotine dependence and other smoking-related measures.	Nicotine	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-106
25498233-1	2015	Recent human genetic studies have identified genetic variants in multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes that are associated with risk for nicotine dependence and other smoking-related measures.	Nicotine	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
25498233-9	2015	As an example of the ability of a natural genetic variant to modify the effect of an engineered mutation, data will be presented that demonstrate that the effect of Chrna5 deletion on oral nicotine intake is dependent upon naturally occurring variant alleles of Chrna4.	Nicotine	189-197	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	262-268
26310325-7	2015	Consistently, treatment of ERG-expressing cells with nicotine induced elevated calcium influx, GSK3beta (Ser9) phosphorylation and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	53-61	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	27-30
26310325-9	2015	CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data suggest that ERG sensitizes prostate tumor cells to neurotransmitter receptor agonists like nicotine.	Nicotine	127-135	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	48-51
25907750-8	2015	These data reveal important age-dependent regulation of DRD1- and DRD3-related mRNAs during the course of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	106-114	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
25907750-9	2015	Furthermore, they highlight a requirement for DRD3 signaling in the development of adolescent nicotine sensitization, suggesting it may represent an appropriate target in the prevention of nicotine dependence initiated at this age.	Nicotine	94-102	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
25907750-9	2015	Furthermore, they highlight a requirement for DRD3 signaling in the development of adolescent nicotine sensitization, suggesting it may represent an appropriate target in the prevention of nicotine dependence initiated at this age.	Nicotine	189-197	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
25907750-0	2015	Role of the D3 dopamine receptor in nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	36-44	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	12-32
25907750-5	2015	Nicotine-induced changes were seen for DRD3 and D3nf mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens shell early in repeated exposure in both age groups.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
26210671-0	2015	Nicotine regulates the expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in humanized UGT1 mouse brain.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 35 (UDP-galactose transporter), member A2	Mus musculus	37-64
26210671-0	2015	Nicotine regulates the expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in humanized UGT1 mouse brain.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 35 (UDP-galactose transporter), member A2	Mus musculus	66-69
26210671-0	2015	Nicotine regulates the expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in humanized UGT1 mouse brain.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 35 (UDP-galactose transporter), member A2	Mus musculus	84-88
25616906-7	2015	Nicotine downregulated production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in RA-FLSs induced by TNFalpha in a concentration-dependent manner, and IL-10 levels were not significantly different after nicotine pretreatment.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	37-41
25616906-7	2015	Nicotine downregulated production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in RA-FLSs induced by TNFalpha in a concentration-dependent manner, and IL-10 levels were not significantly different after nicotine pretreatment.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	74-82
25616906-8	2015	Nicotine-induced activation of STAT3 (but not STAT1) and deactivation of STAT3 decreased the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	31-36
25616906-8	2015	Nicotine-induced activation of STAT3 (but not STAT1) and deactivation of STAT3 decreased the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	73-78
25616906-11	2015	In conclusion, nicotine has an anti-inflammatory effect on RA by downregulating production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in FLSs, and this is mediated through activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signal pathway.	Nicotine	15-23	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	94-98
25616906-11	2015	In conclusion, nicotine has an anti-inflammatory effect on RA by downregulating production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in FLSs, and this is mediated through activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signal pathway.	Nicotine	15-23	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	170-175
26100595-6	2015	Additionally, we have shown that nicotine induces a PI3-K dependent up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production.	Nicotine	33-41	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	85-101
26100595-6	2015	Additionally, we have shown that nicotine induces a PI3-K dependent up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production.	Nicotine	33-41	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	103-108
25503516-8	2015	Additionally, exposure of human macrophages to nicotine activated AMPK and induced IL-8 and that these effects were lessened by hexamethonium or compound C, implying that nicotine in CS may be causative.	Nicotine	47-55	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	83-87
25964258-2	2015	The nAChR subtype transduces the irritant effects of nicotine in tobacco smoke and, in certain brain areas, may be involved in nicotine addiction and/or withdrawal.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
25964258-2	2015	The nAChR subtype transduces the irritant effects of nicotine in tobacco smoke and, in certain brain areas, may be involved in nicotine addiction and/or withdrawal.	Nicotine	127-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
26320635-6	2015	A very low concentration of Ru(bpy)32+, namely 9 muM, was demonstrated to be enough for achieving the sensitive detection of TPrA, nicotine and atropine.	Nicotine	131-139	latexin	Homo sapiens	49-52
25754762-0	2015	Effects of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors in Non-Human Primate Models of Nicotine Reward and Relapse.	Nicotine	87-95	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	11-37
25754762-0	2015	Effects of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors in Non-Human Primate Models of Nicotine Reward and Relapse.	Nicotine	87-95	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	39-43
25754762-1	2015	Inhibition of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) counteracts reward-related effects of nicotine in rats, but it has not been tested for this purpose in non-human primates.	Nicotine	97-105	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	25-51
25754762-3	2015	Both FAAH inhibitors: (1) blocked FAAH activity in brain and liver, increasing levels of endogenous ligands for cannabinoid and alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR-alpha) receptors; (2) shifted nicotine self-administration dose-response functions in a manner consistent with reduced nicotine reward; (3) blocked reinstatement of nicotine seeking induced by reexposure to either nicotine priming or nicotine-associated cues; and (4) had no effect on cocaine or food self-administration.	Nicotine	209-217	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	5-9
25754762-3	2015	Both FAAH inhibitors: (1) blocked FAAH activity in brain and liver, increasing levels of endogenous ligands for cannabinoid and alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR-alpha) receptors; (2) shifted nicotine self-administration dose-response functions in a manner consistent with reduced nicotine reward; (3) blocked reinstatement of nicotine seeking induced by reexposure to either nicotine priming or nicotine-associated cues; and (4) had no effect on cocaine or food self-administration.	Nicotine	298-306	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	5-9
25754762-3	2015	Both FAAH inhibitors: (1) blocked FAAH activity in brain and liver, increasing levels of endogenous ligands for cannabinoid and alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR-alpha) receptors; (2) shifted nicotine self-administration dose-response functions in a manner consistent with reduced nicotine reward; (3) blocked reinstatement of nicotine seeking induced by reexposure to either nicotine priming or nicotine-associated cues; and (4) had no effect on cocaine or food self-administration.	Nicotine	298-306	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	5-9
25754762-3	2015	Both FAAH inhibitors: (1) blocked FAAH activity in brain and liver, increasing levels of endogenous ligands for cannabinoid and alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR-alpha) receptors; (2) shifted nicotine self-administration dose-response functions in a manner consistent with reduced nicotine reward; (3) blocked reinstatement of nicotine seeking induced by reexposure to either nicotine priming or nicotine-associated cues; and (4) had no effect on cocaine or food self-administration.	Nicotine	298-306	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	5-9
25754762-3	2015	Both FAAH inhibitors: (1) blocked FAAH activity in brain and liver, increasing levels of endogenous ligands for cannabinoid and alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR-alpha) receptors; (2) shifted nicotine self-administration dose-response functions in a manner consistent with reduced nicotine reward; (3) blocked reinstatement of nicotine seeking induced by reexposure to either nicotine priming or nicotine-associated cues; and (4) had no effect on cocaine or food self-administration.	Nicotine	298-306	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	5-9
25754762-4	2015	The effects of FAAH inhibition on nicotine self-administration and nicotine priming-induced reinstatement were reversed by the PPAR-alpha antagonist, MK886.	Nicotine	34-42	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	15-19
25532758-0	2015	FKBP5 variation is associated with the acute and chronic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	68-76	FKBP prolyl isomerase 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
25532758-2	2015	Here, we systematically examine the contribution of a stress response gene, FKBP5, to the acute and chronic behavioral effects of nicotine in smokers.	Nicotine	130-138	FKBP prolyl isomerase 5	Homo sapiens	76-81
25532758-9	2015	Low FKBP5 mRNA expression was associated lower cortisol levels, lower subjective ratings of negative drug effects and a blunted HR response to nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	FKBP prolyl isomerase 5	Homo sapiens	4-9
25532758-10	2015	Stress hormone regulation via FKBP5 warrants further investigation as a potential contributor to the effects of nicotine withdrawal, which occurs commonly, and has an important role in the maintenance of smoking behavior and relapse following a quit attempt.	Nicotine	112-120	FKBP prolyl isomerase 5	Homo sapiens	30-35
25704105-8	2015	Independently, genetic deletion of both MT1 and MT2 receptors in a melatonin-proficient mouse strain (C3H) resulted in significantly more nicotine consumption than controls.	Nicotine	138-146	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	40-43
26710957-6	2015	Then the protein expression level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) was measured by Western blot to define the effect of various concentrations of nicotine and different dosing periods of nicotine on the protein expression level of CHOP.	Nicotine	173-181	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	37-86
26710957-6	2015	Then the protein expression level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) was measured by Western blot to define the effect of various concentrations of nicotine and different dosing periods of nicotine on the protein expression level of CHOP.	Nicotine	173-181	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	88-92
26710957-6	2015	Then the protein expression level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) was measured by Western blot to define the effect of various concentrations of nicotine and different dosing periods of nicotine on the protein expression level of CHOP.	Nicotine	173-181	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	258-262
26710957-6	2015	Then the protein expression level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) was measured by Western blot to define the effect of various concentrations of nicotine and different dosing periods of nicotine on the protein expression level of CHOP.	Nicotine	214-222	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	37-86
26710957-6	2015	Then the protein expression level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) was measured by Western blot to define the effect of various concentrations of nicotine and different dosing periods of nicotine on the protein expression level of CHOP.	Nicotine	214-222	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	88-92
26710957-6	2015	Then the protein expression level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) was measured by Western blot to define the effect of various concentrations of nicotine and different dosing periods of nicotine on the protein expression level of CHOP.	Nicotine	214-222	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	258-262
26710957-10	2015	RESULTS: Nicotine could concentration and time-dependently improve the expression of CHOP in 16HBE cells.	Nicotine	9-17	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	85-89
26710957-11	2015	The ratio of CHOP to average absorbance of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was significantly higher in 40 micromol/L nicotine group than that in control group (1.04 +- 0.32 vs 0.30 +- 0.17, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	132-140	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	13-17
26710957-11	2015	The ratio of CHOP to average absorbance of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was significantly higher in 40 micromol/L nicotine group than that in control group (1.04 +- 0.32 vs 0.30 +- 0.17, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	132-140	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	43-81
26710957-11	2015	The ratio of CHOP to average absorbance of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was significantly higher in 40 micromol/L nicotine group than that in control group (1.04 +- 0.32 vs 0.30 +- 0.17, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	132-140	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	83-88
26184244-2	2015	However, it has been shown in inexperienced e-cig users that ineffective nicotine delivery can cause tobacco craving that could be responsible for unsuccessful smoking reduction/cessation.	Nicotine	73-81	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
26184244-3	2015	Moreover, the incorrect use of an e-cig could also led to potential nicotine overdosage and intoxication.	Nicotine	68-76	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
26184244-5	2015	We performed an eight-month pilot study of adult smokers who started e-cig use after receiving a multi-component medically assisted training program with monitoring of nicotine intake as a biomarker of correct e-cig use.	Nicotine	168-176	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	212-215
26184244-9	2015	The proposed medically assisted training program of e-cig use led to a successful nicotine intake, lack of typical cigarette craving and overdosage symptoms and a significant decrease in the biomarker of cigarette combustion products.	Nicotine	82-90	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	119-124
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	134-137
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
26059367-0	2015	Adiponectin may be a biomarker of early atherosclerosis of smokers and decreased by nicotine through KATP channel in adipocytes.	Nicotine	84-92	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
26059367-8	2015	Finally, the effect of nicotine via ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels on adiponectin secretion by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was examined in vitro.	Nicotine	23-31	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	79-90
26059367-10	2015	In 3-T3-L1 preadipocytes, nicotine treatment significantly decreased adiponectin levels (P = 0.003), whereas the adiponectin level was rescued by the inhibition of KATP channel (P &lt; 0.001).	Nicotine	26-34	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	69-80
26059367-12	2015	Nicotine might decrease adiponectin in part through altering KATP channels in adipocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	24-35
25647695-0	2015	Modulation of nicotine effects on selective attention by DRD2 and CHRNA4 gene polymorphisms.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-72
25647695-4	2015	OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether CHRNA4 and DRD2 genotypes alter the effects of nicotine on distractor interference.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-49
25704105-8	2015	Independently, genetic deletion of both MT1 and MT2 receptors in a melatonin-proficient mouse strain (C3H) resulted in significantly more nicotine consumption than controls.	Nicotine	138-146	metallothionein 2	Mus musculus	48-51
25704105-12	2015	The fact that expression of either the MT1 or MT2 melatonin receptor is sufficient to maintain lower nicotine consumption suggests functional overlap and potential mechanistic explanations.	Nicotine	101-109	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	39-42
25792088-4	2015	Several molecules shown to cause transgenerational changes like phthalates, BPA, nicotine, tributylin bind and activate nuclear receptors like ERs, androgen receptors, glucocorticoid receptors or PPARgamma.	Nicotine	81-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	196-205
26150803-10	2015	Thus, these findings indicate that the direct injection of Tat at the VTA may mediate CREB and ERK activity in response to nicotine-induced locomotor activity.	Nicotine	123-131	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
26079805-6	2015	On behavioural level, the strongest benefits of nicotine in invalid trials were observed in participants carrying both, the DRD2 T- and CHRNA4 C+ variant.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-142
26079805-7	2015	Neurally, we were able to demonstrate that different DRD2/CHRNA4 groups can be decoded from the pattern of brain activity in invalid trials under nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-64
26079805-9	2015	Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 and DRD2 genes are a relevant source of individual variability in pharmacological studies with nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-53
27486368-6	2015	Nicotine also caused oxidative stress in pancreatic tissue as evidenced by increased nitric oxide and malondialdehyde level and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione level.	Nicotine	0-8	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	160-168
26082767-3	2015	We have recently shown the possible role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in smoking/nicotine-mediated viral replication.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	44-59
26082767-3	2015	We have recently shown the possible role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in smoking/nicotine-mediated viral replication.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	61-64
25941919-9	2015	In the present study, we have shown that gene-gene interaction of components of different systems associated with nicotine reinforcing effects, such as OPRM1 and GRIK1, rather than one gene polymorphism, is associated with smoking behavior.	Nicotine	114-122	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
24750355-3	2015	alpha4-S248F mice contain a point mutation within the alpha4 nAChR subunit which confers increased sensitivity to nicotine and resistance to mecamylamine.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	54-66
25666034-11	2015	This finding supports involvement of TRbeta signaling in the effect of acute nicotine on hippocampus-dependent memory.	Nicotine	77-85	apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor	Mus musculus	37-43
25666034-12	2015	Acute nicotine enhances learning and these effects may involve processes regulated by the transcription factor TRbeta.	Nicotine	6-14	apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor	Mus musculus	111-117
25567427-3	2015	Thus, insula-dACC interactions may be integral in processing salient information such as smoking cues that facilitate continued nicotine use.	Nicotine	128-136	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	13-17
25783522-5	2015	RESULTS: Smoked nicotine activated HPA, measured by adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) response and affected subjective states in both follicular and luteal phases, with increased "High," "Rush," and decreased "Craving."	Nicotine	16-24	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	81-85
25745024-11	2015	By utilizing additional information (i.e., between-family information), family-U confirmed a previous association of CHRNA5 with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-123
25770198-4	2015	Upon finding a missense mutation in CHRNA2, we measured whole-cell currents in human embryonic kidney cells in both wild-type and mutant alpha2beta4 and alpha2beta2 nAChR subtypes stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-42
25858413-0	2015	A functional polymorphism in the interleukin-1beta and severity of nicotine dependence in male schizophrenia: a case-control study.	Nicotine	67-75	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	33-50
25858413-10	2015	Our findings suggest that the IL-1beta-511C/T polymorphism may not be related to schizophrenia or smoking status in Chinese individuals, but may affect the severity of nicotine dependence among male smokers with schizophrenia.	Nicotine	168-176	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	30-38
25388292-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Although replicating nicotine-induced upregulation of nAChRs in human smokers and demonstrating NVHL validity in terms of schizophrenia-associated nAChR density patterns, these findings do not support hypotheses explaining increased nicotine use in schizophrenia as reflecting illness-specific effects of nicotine to therapeutically alter cognition or nAChR densities.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
24947337-4	2015	A subset of the NIC2-locus ERFs and their homologs, including ERF189 and ERF199, have been shown to be most effective in controlling nicotine biosynthetic pathway genes.	Nicotine	133-141	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	62-68
25770198-4	2015	Upon finding a missense mutation in CHRNA2, we measured whole-cell currents in human embryonic kidney cells in both wild-type and mutant alpha2beta4 and alpha2beta2 nAChR subtypes stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
26097542-8	2015	Nicotine treatment ameliorated cartilage destruction, promoted matrix production, reduced the serum level of TNF-alpha and the expression of TNF-alpha in the synovial tissue, and increased the expression of alpha7nAChR in the synovial tissue in the rat model of early stage OA.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
26097542-8	2015	Nicotine treatment ameliorated cartilage destruction, promoted matrix production, reduced the serum level of TNF-alpha and the expression of TNF-alpha in the synovial tissue, and increased the expression of alpha7nAChR in the synovial tissue in the rat model of early stage OA.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	141-150
25704955-0	2015	Chronic nicotine exposure mediates resistance to EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated lung cancer via an EGFR signal.	Nicotine	8-16	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	49-53
25204733-5	2015	In a human OSCC cell line TW2.6, we demonstrated nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and arecoline stimulated IL-1beta secretion in an inflammasome-dependent manner.	Nicotine	49-57	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	116-124
25704955-0	2015	Chronic nicotine exposure mediates resistance to EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated lung cancer via an EGFR signal.	Nicotine	8-16	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
25670150-5	2015	RESULTS: We confirmed the effects of nicotine on EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and determined nicotine"s potential in preventing from the effect of erlotinib on NSCLC cells.	Nicotine	37-45	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	49-53
25670150-0	2015	Nicotine induces resistance to erlotinib via cross-talk between alpha 1 nAChR and EGFR in the non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
25670150-5	2015	RESULTS: We confirmed the effects of nicotine on EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and determined nicotine"s potential in preventing from the effect of erlotinib on NSCLC cells.	Nicotine	37-45	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
25704955-0	2015	Chronic nicotine exposure mediates resistance to EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated lung cancer via an EGFR signal.	Nicotine	8-16	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
25670150-8	2015	injection of nicotine through activating alpha 1 nAChR and EGFR pathways.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
25670150-0	2015	Nicotine induces resistance to erlotinib via cross-talk between alpha 1 nAChR and EGFR in the non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
25704955-3	2015	Nicotine, while not carcinogenic by itself, has been shown to induce proliferation, angiogenesis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; these effects might be associated with EGFR-TKI resistance.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	180-184
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	126-134	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	253-257
25670150-8	2015	injection of nicotine through activating alpha 1 nAChR and EGFR pathways.	Nicotine	13-21	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	59-63
25670150-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that nicotine contributes to the progression and erlotinib-resistance of the NSCLC xenograft model via the cooperation between nAChR and EGFR.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
25670150-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that nicotine contributes to the progression and erlotinib-resistance of the NSCLC xenograft model via the cooperation between nAChR and EGFR.	Nicotine	40-48	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	172-176
25704955-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic nicotine exposure because of cigarette smoking mediates resistance to EGFR-TKI via an EGFR signal.	Nicotine	21-29	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	91-95
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	162-170	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	253-257
25670150-2	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism between nAChR and EGFR for nicotine-induced resistance to EGFR-TKI erlotinib in the NSCLC xenograft model.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
25670150-2	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism between nAChR and EGFR for nicotine-induced resistance to EGFR-TKI erlotinib in the NSCLC xenograft model.	Nicotine	92-100	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	83-87
25670150-2	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism between nAChR and EGFR for nicotine-induced resistance to EGFR-TKI erlotinib in the NSCLC xenograft model.	Nicotine	92-100	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
25670150-3	2015	MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified the role of nicotine to EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and to erlotinib-resistance in NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells by MTS assay and western blot.	Nicotine	49-57	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
25670150-3	2015	MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified the role of nicotine to EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and to erlotinib-resistance in NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells by MTS assay and western blot.	Nicotine	49-57	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
25704955-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic nicotine exposure because of cigarette smoking mediates resistance to EGFR-TKI via an EGFR signal.	Nicotine	21-29	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	107-111
25799226-4	2015	The nicotine-dependent reduction of MKP1 induces the aberrant activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, leading to increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307.	Nicotine	4-12	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	153-161	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
25661292-9	2015	The nicotine-induced alterations in DNA methylation modulators DNMT1 and MeCP2, PPARgamma promoter methylation, and its down-stream targets, were also validated in perinatally nicotine exposed rat lung tissue.	Nicotine	4-12	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
25680266-5	2015	We further showed that PSCA forms stable complexes with the alpha4 nAChR subunit and decreases nicotine-induced extracellular-signal regulated kinase phosphorylation in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	95-103	prostate stem cell antigen	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
25661292-3	2015	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced PPARgamma down-regulation is mediated by PPARgamma promoter methylation, controlled by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), two known key regulators of DNA methylation.	Nicotine	21-29	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	161-189
25661292-3	2015	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced PPARgamma down-regulation is mediated by PPARgamma promoter methylation, controlled by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), two known key regulators of DNA methylation.	Nicotine	21-29	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	191-196
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	44-52	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	44-52	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	153-161	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
25799226-0	2015	Activation of AMPKalpha2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo.	Nicotine	56-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
25799226-3	2015	Here we show that nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 (AMPKalpha2) in adipocytes, which in turn phosphorylates MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) at serine 334, initiating its proteasome-dependent degradation.	Nicotine	18-26	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	183-207
25799226-3	2015	Here we show that nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 (AMPKalpha2) in adipocytes, which in turn phosphorylates MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) at serine 334, initiating its proteasome-dependent degradation.	Nicotine	18-26	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
25799226-4	2015	The nicotine-dependent reduction of MKP1 induces the aberrant activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, leading to increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307.	Nicotine	4-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	81-84
25799226-6	2015	Consequently, nicotine increases lipolysis, which results in body weight reduction, but this increase also elevates the levels of circulating free fatty acids and thus causes IR in insulin-sensitive tissues.	Nicotine	14-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-188
25762751-9	2015	During nicotine exposure, intact females displayed a decrease in CRF-R1, CRF-R2, Drd3, and Esr2 gene expression and an increase in CRF-BP.	Nicotine	7-15	dopamine receptor D3	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
25486621-5	2015	In the present study, we showed that nicotine exerts a protective effect on H2O2-induced astrocyte apoptosis and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) downregulation, and this effect was abolished by an alpha7-nAChR-selective antagonist.	Nicotine	37-45	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	113-151
25486621-5	2015	In the present study, we showed that nicotine exerts a protective effect on H2O2-induced astrocyte apoptosis and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) downregulation, and this effect was abolished by an alpha7-nAChR-selective antagonist.	Nicotine	37-45	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	153-157
25486621-7	2015	Systemic administration of nicotine dramatically alleviated MPTP-induced symptoms, protected dopaminergic neurons against degeneration, inhibited astrocytes and microglia activation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and blocked the decrease of GDNF in the striatum by activating alpha7-nAChRs.	Nicotine	27-35	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	255-259
25815723-5	2015	In the present study, we show that nicotine can activate the MAPK/ERK/EGR-1 signaling pathway partially through alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	35-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
25815723-6	2015	In addition, the up-regulation of EGR-1 by nicotine can also increase the phosphorylation of CyclinD1 which contributes to the attenuation of amyloid-beta (Abeta(25-35)) -induced neurotoxicity.	Nicotine	43-51	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	142-154
25859226-3	2015	The CB1 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist rimonabant (also known as SR141716) was effective to decrease nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking in rodents, as well as the elevation of dopamine induced by nicotine in brain reward area.	Nicotine	106-114	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
25811377-8	2015	Maternal nicotine exposure led to increased expression of Grp78, phosphorylated eIF2alpha, Atf4, and CHOP (p&lt;0.05) in the rat placenta, demonstrating the presence of augmented ER stress.	Nicotine	9-17	activating transcription factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
25859226-3	2015	The CB1 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist rimonabant (also known as SR141716) was effective to decrease nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking in rodents, as well as the elevation of dopamine induced by nicotine in brain reward area.	Nicotine	126-134	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
25859226-3	2015	The CB1 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist rimonabant (also known as SR141716) was effective to decrease nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking in rodents, as well as the elevation of dopamine induced by nicotine in brain reward area.	Nicotine	126-134	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
25885699-5	2015	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of alpha7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha3 - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha4 - insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas alpha9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
25885699-5	2015	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of alpha7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha3 - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha4 - insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas alpha9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF.	Nicotine	61-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	219-223
25885699-5	2015	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of alpha7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha3 - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha4 - insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas alpha9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF.	Nicotine	61-69	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	265-270
25885699-5	2015	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of alpha7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha3 - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha4 - insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas alpha9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF.	Nicotine	61-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	276-280
25885699-5	2015	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of alpha7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha3 - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha4 - insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas alpha9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF.	Nicotine	61-69	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	307-312
25885699-5	2015	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of alpha7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha3 - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha4 - insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas alpha9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF.	Nicotine	61-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	276-280
25600647-0	2015	beta-arrestin-1 mediates nicotine-induced metastasis through E2F1 target genes that modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	Nicotine	25-33	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-15
25600647-3	2015	Here, we demonstrate that the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin-1 is necessary for nicotine-mediated induction of mesenchymal genes vimentin and fibronectin as well as EMT regulators ZEB1 and ZEB2.	Nicotine	83-91	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	50-65
25600647-3	2015	Here, we demonstrate that the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin-1 is necessary for nicotine-mediated induction of mesenchymal genes vimentin and fibronectin as well as EMT regulators ZEB1 and ZEB2.	Nicotine	83-91	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	145-156
25600647-6	2015	Stimulation of multiple NSCLC cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of beta-arrestin-1 and E2F1 on vimentin, fibronectin, and ZEB1 and ZEB2 promoters.	Nicotine	46-54	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-101
25600647-6	2015	Stimulation of multiple NSCLC cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of beta-arrestin-1 and E2F1 on vimentin, fibronectin, and ZEB1 and ZEB2 promoters.	Nicotine	46-54	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	124-135
25806984-0	2015	Nicotine-enhanced oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and its components by myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system.	Nicotine	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	77-92
25806984-1	2015	In this study, the effect of nicotine on the LDL oxidation by the MPO/H2O2/Cl- system and the effect of HOCl on LDL and some of its components, such as methyl linoleate, vitamin E and the amino acid tryptophan were explored.	Nicotine	29-37	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	66-69
25653393-7	2015	NIC exposure caused lower 5"-D1 and mGPD activities; lower TRbeta1 content in liver as well as lower 5"-D1 activity in muscle; and higher 5"-D2 activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), heart, and testis, which are in accordance with hypothyroidism.	Nicotine	0-3	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Mus musculus	36-40
25787100-3	2015	In the present brief review, we report our recent studies about the effects of various pharmacological agents such as fasudil, nicotine, pentazocine, ketamine and genistein on norepinephrine transporter function.	Nicotine	127-135	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	176-202
25601486-11	2015	In contrast, alpha7 nAChR was a repressor of proliferation in tumour cells isolated from well differentiated NSCLC but mediated the pro-proliferative activity of nicotine in cells isolated from poorly differentiated NSCLC.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
25180076-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Genome-wide association studies linking the alpha3, beta4, and alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits to nicotine dependence suggest that alpha3beta4* nAChR may be targets for smoking cessation pharmacotherapies.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
25180076-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Genome-wide association studies linking the alpha3, beta4, and alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits to nicotine dependence suggest that alpha3beta4* nAChR may be targets for smoking cessation pharmacotherapies.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
25723596-12	2015	Conversely, receiving care in Nam Dinh, greater alcohol consumption, ever drug use, and a longer smoking duration were associated with greater nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	143-151	SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3	Homo sapiens	30-33
25642160-6	2014	Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence involving a number of nAChR ligands that target different nAChR subtypes in alcohol and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
25409894-9	2015	Thus, the transgenic CYP2B6 was inducible and functional, and, in the absence of mouse CYP2A and CYP2B enzymes, it contributed to nicotine metabolism in vivo.	Nicotine	130-138	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 9	Mus musculus	21-26
25642160-6	2014	Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence involving a number of nAChR ligands that target different nAChR subtypes in alcohol and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
25613062-9	2015	In primary cultured rat chondrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed both p38, extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 activation induced by MIA- or IL-1beta, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	272-275
26351626-0	2015	Ex vivo nicotine stimulation augments the efficacy of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived dendritic cell vaccination via activating Akt-S6 pathway.	Nicotine	8-16	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
26351626-3	2015	We could demonstrate that the treatment with nicotine resulted in increased surface molecules expression, enhanced hu-imDCs-mediated PBMC proliferation, upregulated release of IL-12 in the supernatant of cocultured DCs-PBMC, and augmented phosphorylation of Akt and ribosomal protein S6.	Nicotine	45-53	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	258-261
26351626-5	2015	Importantly, the upregulation of nicotine-increased surface molecules upregulation was significantly abrogated by the inhibition of Akt kinase.	Nicotine	33-41	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
26351626-6	2015	These findings demonstrate that ex vivo nicotine stimulation augments hu-imDCs surface molecules expression via Akt-S6 pathway, combined with increased Ag-presentation result in augmented efficacy of DCs-mediated PBMC proliferation and Th1 polarization.	Nicotine	40-48	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
25428810-3	2015	The gustatory plasticity was also augmented when tph-1 mutants, with a defect in serotonin biosynthesis, were maintained on a medium containing nicotine until the YA stage.	Nicotine	144-152	BH4_AAA_HYDROXYL_2 domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	49-54
25428810-5	2015	However, augmentation of gustatory plasticity was observed when bas-1 and cat-2 mutants were maintained on a growth medium containing nicotine along with dopamine, suggesting that dopamine signaling is involved in the augmentation of gustatory plasticity due to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	134-142	Biogenic Amine Synthesis related	Caenorhabditis elegans	64-69
25428810-5	2015	However, augmentation of gustatory plasticity was observed when bas-1 and cat-2 mutants were maintained on a growth medium containing nicotine along with dopamine, suggesting that dopamine signaling is involved in the augmentation of gustatory plasticity due to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	270-278	Biogenic Amine Synthesis related	Caenorhabditis elegans	64-69
25613062-9	2015	In primary cultured rat chondrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed both p38, extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 activation induced by MIA- or IL-1beta, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	306-314
26022265-5	2015	Cocaine, opioids, ethanol, nicotine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids each affect GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake, and restoring GLT-1 expression with N-acetylcysteine or ceftriaxone shows promise in correcting pre-clinical and clinical manifestations of drug addiction.	Nicotine	27-35	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
26022265-5	2015	Cocaine, opioids, ethanol, nicotine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids each affect GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake, and restoring GLT-1 expression with N-acetylcysteine or ceftriaxone shows promise in correcting pre-clinical and clinical manifestations of drug addiction.	Nicotine	27-35	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
26022263-5	2015	This review summarizes nonhuman experimental animal data that indicate a critical role for mGluR7 in drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors for the psychostimulants cocaine and nicotine.	Nicotine	177-185	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 3	Mus musculus	91-97
26022263-9	2015	These findings indicate an important role for mGluR7 in mesolimbic areas in modulating the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs, such as nicotine and cocaine, and the conditioned behaviors associated with drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	145-153	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 3	Mus musculus	46-52
25552485-0	2015	The sleep-modulating peptide orexin-B protects midbrain dopamine neurons from degeneration, alone or in cooperation with nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
25921743-6	2015	Overall, findings from preclinical and clinical studies included here suggest that the nAChR ligands may be of potential benefit in reducing MDD symptoms and that may aid in the prevention and treatment of MDD and co-morbid alcohol or nicotine use disorder.	Nicotine	235-243	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
25655889-3	2015	Attention-enhancing effects of the nonselective nAChR agonist nicotine can be observed in human nonsmokers and in laboratory animals, suggesting that benefits go beyond a reversal of withdrawal deficits in smokers.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
25655889-8	2015	Thus, attention-enhancing nAChR agents could spare the system central to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
25451094-0	2014	Contribution of alpha4beta2 nAChR in nicotine-induced intracellular calcium response and excitability of MSDB neurons.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
26536586-0	2015	Nornicotine and Nicotine Induced Neovascularization via Increased VEGF/PEDF Ratio.	Nicotine	16-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	66-70
26536586-1	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	79-87	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	146-180
26536586-1	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	79-87	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	182-186
26536586-1	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	102-104	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	146-180
26536586-1	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	102-104	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	182-186
26536586-9	2015	Nornicotine and NT upregulated the expression of VEGF but suppressed the expression of PEDF at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner in ARPE-19 cells and HUVECs.	Nicotine	16-18	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	49-53
25671045-10	2014	Nicotine treatment led to a decrease of the effect of the burn trauma with significantly lower concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 compared to the trauma group.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-140
25671045-10	2014	Nicotine treatment led to a decrease of the effect of the burn trauma with significantly lower concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 compared to the trauma group.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	142-160
25671045-10	2014	Nicotine treatment led to a decrease of the effect of the burn trauma with significantly lower concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 compared to the trauma group.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	166-179
25950378-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To assess if the allelic variations of rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster are associated with smoking cessation after nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-84
25751390-7	2015	The degree of liver inflammation in the NASH mice decreased after nicotine administration, and the level of serum TNFa also significantly decreased.	Nicotine	66-74	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	114-118
25751390-8	2015	The levels of serum TNFa were 21.95+/-0.8 pg/mL in nicotine-treated mice and 38.07+/-1.7 pg/mL in the non-nicotine-treated NASH mice (P less than 0.05).	Nicotine	51-59	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	20-24
25751390-8	2015	The levels of serum TNFa were 21.95+/-0.8 pg/mL in nicotine-treated mice and 38.07+/-1.7 pg/mL in the non-nicotine-treated NASH mice (P less than 0.05).	Nicotine	106-114	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	20-24
25751390-9	2015	The nicotine treatment also significantly reduced the concentration of TNFa in the culture supernatants of Kupffer cells after LPS stimulation; moreover, the supernatant level of TNFa decreased significantly after the nicotine treatment (Pless than 0.05).	Nicotine	4-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	71-75
25751390-9	2015	The nicotine treatment also significantly reduced the concentration of TNFa in the culture supernatants of Kupffer cells after LPS stimulation; moreover, the supernatant level of TNFa decreased significantly after the nicotine treatment (Pless than 0.05).	Nicotine	218-226	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	179-183
25451094-4	2014	Our results showed that nicotine increased calcium responses in the majority of MSDB neurons, pre-treatment of MSDB slices with a alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, DhbetaE but not a alpha7 nAChR antagonist, MLA prevented nicotine-induced calcium responses.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
25520621-0	2014	Prenatal nicotine exposure enhances Cx43 and Panx1 unopposed channel activity in brain cells of adult offspring mice fed a high-fat/cholesterol diet.	Nicotine	9-17	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	36-40
25520621-8	2014	We found that prenatal nicotine increased the opening of Cx43 HCs in astrocytes, and Panx1 channels in microglia and neurons only if offspring mice were fed with HFC diet.	Nicotine	23-31	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	57-61
25520621-10	2014	Importantly, inhibition of the above mentioned enzymes and receptors, or blockade of Cx43 and Panx1 unopposed channels greatly reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate release from hippocampal slices of prenatally nicotine-exposed offspring.	Nicotine	224-232	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	85-89
25344397-2	2014	Chronic nicotine exposure alters the expression of various nAChR subtypes, which likely contributes to nicotine dependence; however, the underlying mechanisms regulating these changes remain unclear.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
25344505-3	2014	When NUP1 expression was suppressed in cultured tobacco cells treated with jasmonate, which induces nicotine biosynthesis, the NICOTINE2-locus transcription factor gene ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR189 (ERF189) and its target structural genes, which function in nicotine biosynthesis and transport, were strongly suppressed, resulting in decreased total alkaloid levels.	Nicotine	100-108	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	169-196
25344505-3	2014	When NUP1 expression was suppressed in cultured tobacco cells treated with jasmonate, which induces nicotine biosynthesis, the NICOTINE2-locus transcription factor gene ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR189 (ERF189) and its target structural genes, which function in nicotine biosynthesis and transport, were strongly suppressed, resulting in decreased total alkaloid levels.	Nicotine	257-265	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	169-196
25344505-3	2014	When NUP1 expression was suppressed in cultured tobacco cells treated with jasmonate, which induces nicotine biosynthesis, the NICOTINE2-locus transcription factor gene ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR189 (ERF189) and its target structural genes, which function in nicotine biosynthesis and transport, were strongly suppressed, resulting in decreased total alkaloid levels.	Nicotine	257-265	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 13-like	Nicotiana tabacum	198-204
25297392-1	2014	Genome-wide association and large cohort studies have consistently linked several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster to smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	187-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-142
25297392-6	2014	8 SNPs were selected based on findings from recent studies on smoking and nicotine dependence, all located in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-162
25280790-4	2014	Rats born to prenatal nicotine-treated dams exhibited significantly greater cell width of cardiomyocytes, fewer cardiomyocyte nuclei number, higher beta-myosin heavy chain and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) expression, and higher collagen deposition in heart compared with rats born to normal saline-treated dams on Postnatal Days 7 and 21.	Nicotine	22-30	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-213
25280790-6	2014	We conclude that TGF-beta1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling induced by maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation in rat offspring.	Nicotine	105-113	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-26
25344397-2	2014	Chronic nicotine exposure alters the expression of various nAChR subtypes, which likely contributes to nicotine dependence; however, the underlying mechanisms regulating these changes remain unclear.	Nicotine	103-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
25344397-11	2014	Our results provide evidence for a novel mode of nicotine-mediated regulation of the mammalian nAChR gene family.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
25401222-2	2014	beta-arrestin-1 (ARRB1), a scaffolding protein involved in the desensitization of signals arising from activated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been shown to play a role in invasion and proliferation of cancer cells, including nicotine-induced proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).	Nicotine	237-245	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-15
25258409-8	2014	Furthermore, nicotine inhibited the IL-6 production of CD4 T cells in the DSS-induced inflamed colonic mucosa.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	36-40
25258409-10	2014	Nicotine markedly inhibited the elevation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA as well as phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 expression in the colons of the tumor model mice.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	45-54
25258409-10	2014	Nicotine markedly inhibited the elevation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA as well as phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 expression in the colons of the tumor model mice.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	59-63
25258409-10	2014	Nicotine markedly inhibited the elevation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA as well as phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 expression in the colons of the tumor model mice.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	95-152
25258409-12	2014	Furthermore, it is presumed that nicotine downregulates the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6/Stat3 and TNF-alpha, thereby reducing the colonic tumorigenesis associated with chronic colitis.	Nicotine	33-41	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	105-109
25258409-12	2014	Furthermore, it is presumed that nicotine downregulates the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6/Stat3 and TNF-alpha, thereby reducing the colonic tumorigenesis associated with chronic colitis.	Nicotine	33-41	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	110-115
25258409-12	2014	Furthermore, it is presumed that nicotine downregulates the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6/Stat3 and TNF-alpha, thereby reducing the colonic tumorigenesis associated with chronic colitis.	Nicotine	33-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	120-129
25396421-7	2014	Nicotine treatments significantly improved survival rate, attenuated myocardial lesions, and downregulated the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	125-134
25396421-7	2014	Nicotine treatments significantly improved survival rate, attenuated myocardial lesions, and downregulated the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	139-143
25396421-9	2014	In addition, levels of the signaling protein phosphorylated STAT3 were higher in the nicotine group and lower in the methyllycaconitine group compared with the untreated myocarditis group.	Nicotine	85-93	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	60-65
25401222-2	2014	beta-arrestin-1 (ARRB1), a scaffolding protein involved in the desensitization of signals arising from activated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been shown to play a role in invasion and proliferation of cancer cells, including nicotine-induced proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).	Nicotine	237-245	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
25401222-3	2014	In this study, we identified genes that are differentially regulated by nicotine in an ARRB1/beta-arrestin-1 dependent manner in NSCLC cells by microarray analysis.	Nicotine	72-80	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
25401222-3	2014	In this study, we identified genes that are differentially regulated by nicotine in an ARRB1/beta-arrestin-1 dependent manner in NSCLC cells by microarray analysis.	Nicotine	72-80	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	93-108
24769008-6	2014	Nicotine treatment significantly reduces LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations (P &lt; .001) but does not change (P &gt; .05) IL-10 levels.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-62
25295465-8	2014	Interestingly, renalase promoter activity was augmented by nicotine and catecholamines; while Sp1 and STAT3 synergistically activated the nicotine-induced effect, Sp1 appeared to enhance epinephrine-evoked renalase transcription.	Nicotine	138-146	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	102-107
25384568-0	2014	Hippocampal changes produced by overexpression of the human CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster may underlie cognitive deficits rescued by nicotine in transgenic mice.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-66
24769008-6	2014	Nicotine treatment significantly reduces LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations (P &lt; .001) but does not change (P &gt; .05) IL-10 levels.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
25151121-0	2014	Nicotine mediates oxidative stress and apoptosis through cross talk between NOX1 and Bcl-2 in lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	85-90
25151121-8	2014	Overexpression of Bcl-2 completely prevented nicotine"s detrimental effects, suggesting Bcl-2as a downstream key regulator in nicotine/NOX1-induced cell damage.	Nicotine	45-53	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	18-23
25151121-8	2014	Overexpression of Bcl-2 completely prevented nicotine"s detrimental effects, suggesting Bcl-2as a downstream key regulator in nicotine/NOX1-induced cell damage.	Nicotine	45-53	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	88-93
25151121-8	2014	Overexpression of Bcl-2 completely prevented nicotine"s detrimental effects, suggesting Bcl-2as a downstream key regulator in nicotine/NOX1-induced cell damage.	Nicotine	126-134	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	18-23
25151121-8	2014	Overexpression of Bcl-2 completely prevented nicotine"s detrimental effects, suggesting Bcl-2as a downstream key regulator in nicotine/NOX1-induced cell damage.	Nicotine	126-134	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	88-93
24916432-0	2014	The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the basolateral amygdala is critical for nicotine-induced behavioural sensitization.	Nicotine	86-94	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	4-33
24958205-10	2014	In addition, the recent findings showing that GLP-1 controls reward induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine and nicotine in rodents are overviewed herein.	Nicotine	113-121	glucagon	Homo sapiens	46-51
25845234-0	2014	[Association of the nicotine and cigarette smoke toxicants metabolic (CHRNA3/5, CYP2A6, NQO1) and DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XRCC3, XPC, XPA) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].	Nicotine	20-28	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	135-138
25037113-10	2014	Smoking and especially severe nicotine dependence are significantly associated with the MetS although these effects were no longer significant after considering the effects of the smoking by PON1 Q192R genotype interaction.	Nicotine	30-38	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	191-195
25296021-0	2014	Nicotine stimulates nerve growth factor in lung fibroblasts through an NFkappaB-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	71-79
25296021-6	2014	The role of the NFkappaB pathway in nicotine-induced NGF expression was investigated by measuring NFkappaB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and si-p65 NFkappaB knockdown.	Nicotine	36-44	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	16-24
25296021-6	2014	The role of the NFkappaB pathway in nicotine-induced NGF expression was investigated by measuring NFkappaB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and si-p65 NFkappaB knockdown.	Nicotine	36-44	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	98-106
25296021-6	2014	The role of the NFkappaB pathway in nicotine-induced NGF expression was investigated by measuring NFkappaB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and si-p65 NFkappaB knockdown.	Nicotine	36-44	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	98-106
25296021-9	2014	Nicotine increased NGF secretion in lung fibroblasts in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and stimulated NFkappaB nuclear translocation, p65 binding to the NGF promoter, and NFkappaB transcriptional activity.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	104-112
25296021-9	2014	Nicotine increased NGF secretion in lung fibroblasts in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and stimulated NFkappaB nuclear translocation, p65 binding to the NGF promoter, and NFkappaB transcriptional activity.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	173-181
25296021-12	2014	CONCLUSION: Nicotine stimulates NGF release by lung fibroblasts through alpha7 nAChR and NFkappaB dependent pathways.	Nicotine	12-20	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	89-97
25296021-13	2014	These novel findings suggest that the nicotine-alpha7 nAChR-NFkappaB- NGF axis may provide novel therapeutic targets to attenuate tobacco smoke-induced AHR.	Nicotine	38-46	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	60-68
25051446-13	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment enhanced PI-3-kinase activities and increased Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta phosphorylation in an nAChR-dependent manner coupled with decreased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Nicotine	8-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	186-223
25051446-7	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment significantly suppressed expression of alpha3-nAChR (predominant peripheral alpha-subunit) in liver.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	66-72
25051446-13	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment enhanced PI-3-kinase activities and increased Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta phosphorylation in an nAChR-dependent manner coupled with decreased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Nicotine	8-16	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	73-76
24906187-9	2014	Among these 10, the most noteworthy are FRMD4A, ATP9A, GALNT2, and MEG3, implicated in processes related to nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and placental and embryonic development.	Nicotine	108-116	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	55-61
25051446-13	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment enhanced PI-3-kinase activities and increased Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta phosphorylation in an nAChR-dependent manner coupled with decreased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Nicotine	8-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	225-229
24950454-4	2014	Two-electrode voltage clamp analyses indicate that the agonist (ACh or nicotine) induced peak current responses (Imax) of alpha2beta2-nAChR isoforms and those of alpha2beta4-nAChR isoforms are increased (1.3-4.7-fold) as a result of D478E variation.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
24942236-9	2014	Significant changes in hydrogen peroxide content and cellular antioxidant enzymes: SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were stated in melanocytes exposed to nicotine, which indicates alterations of antioxidant defense system.	Nicotine	150-158	catalase	Homo sapiens	88-91
24950454-4	2014	Two-electrode voltage clamp analyses indicate that the agonist (ACh or nicotine) induced peak current responses (Imax) of alpha2beta2-nAChR isoforms and those of alpha2beta4-nAChR isoforms are increased (1.3-4.7-fold) as a result of D478E variation.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
25158103-6	2014	Our data showed that the expression of locomotor sensitization to the low dose nicotine challenge and the increase in social anxiety-like behavior were accompanied by an increase in mossy fiber terminal field size, as well as an increase in spinophilin mRNA levels in the hippocampus in nicotine pre-trained HRs compared to saline pre-trained controls.	Nicotine	79-87	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9B	Rattus norvegicus	241-252
24836728-4	2014	The general nAChR agonist nicotine, as well as several nAChR agonists (varenicline, ABT-089 and ABT-894), reduces l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesias up to 60% in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and rodents.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
24836728-10	2014	Several nAChR subtypes appear to be involved in these beneficial effects of nicotine and nAChR drugs including alpha4beta2*, alpha6beta2* and alpha7 nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other subunits in the receptor).	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	8-13
24836728-11	2014	Overall, the above findings, coupled with nicotine"s neuroprotective effects, suggest that nAChR drugs have potential for future drug development for movement disorders.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
25158103-6	2014	Our data showed that the expression of locomotor sensitization to the low dose nicotine challenge and the increase in social anxiety-like behavior were accompanied by an increase in mossy fiber terminal field size, as well as an increase in spinophilin mRNA levels in the hippocampus in nicotine pre-trained HRs compared to saline pre-trained controls.	Nicotine	287-295	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9B	Rattus norvegicus	241-252
25259522-0	2014	A new IRAK-M-mediated mechanism implicated in the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine via alpha7 nicotinic receptors in human macrophages.	Nicotine	78-86	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3	Homo sapiens	6-12
25265052-5	2014	KEY FINDINGS: Nicotine treatment enhanced Angitension II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction and 20-kDa myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC20-P) levels.	Nicotine	14-22	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	42-56
25265052-5	2014	KEY FINDINGS: Nicotine treatment enhanced Angitension II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction and 20-kDa myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC20-P) levels.	Nicotine	14-22	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
25265052-6	2014	In addition, the ratio of Ang II-induced tension/MLC-P was also significantly increased in nicotine-treated group compared with the saline group.	Nicotine	91-99	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
25259522-6	2014	Moreover, down-regulation of this expression by small interfering RNAs specific to the IRAK-M gene significantly reverses the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine on LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	154-162	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3	Homo sapiens	87-93
25259522-6	2014	Moreover, down-regulation of this expression by small interfering RNAs specific to the IRAK-M gene significantly reverses the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine on LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	154-162	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	178-187
25259522-7	2014	Interestingly, macrophages pre-exposed to nicotine exhibit higher IRAK-M levels and reduced TNF-alpha response to an additional LPS challenge, a behavior reminiscent of the "endotoxin tolerant" phenotype identified in monocytes either pre-exposed to LPS or from immunocompromised septic patients.	Nicotine	42-50	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3	Homo sapiens	66-72
25259522-7	2014	Interestingly, macrophages pre-exposed to nicotine exhibit higher IRAK-M levels and reduced TNF-alpha response to an additional LPS challenge, a behavior reminiscent of the "endotoxin tolerant" phenotype identified in monocytes either pre-exposed to LPS or from immunocompromised septic patients.	Nicotine	42-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	92-101
25259522-2	2014	A signaling pathway downstream from the alpha7 nAChRs, which involves the collaboration of JAK2/STAT3 and NF-kappaB to interfere with signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), has been implicated in this anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	231-239	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	96-101
25259522-2	2014	A signaling pathway downstream from the alpha7 nAChRs, which involves the collaboration of JAK2/STAT3 and NF-kappaB to interfere with signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), has been implicated in this anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	231-239	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	106-115
25259522-4	2014	Our data show that nicotine up-regulates IRAK-M expression at the mRNA and protein level in human macrophages, and that this effect is secondary to alpha7 nAChR activation.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3	Homo sapiens	41-47
25259522-5	2014	By using selective inhibitors of different signaling molecules downstream from the receptor, we provide evidence that activation of STAT3, via either JAK2 and/or PI3K, through a single (JAK2/PI3K/STAT3) or two convergent cascades (JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/STAT3), is necessary for nicotine-induced IRAK-M expression.	Nicotine	276-284	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	132-137
25233467-6	2014	Results show that nicotine dependence is a mediator of the association between lung adenocarcinoma and gene variations in the regions of CHRNA5/A3/B4 and accounts for approximately 15% of this relationship.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-143
25244293-6	2014	We found that nicotine-free e-liquid promoted IL-6 production and HRV infection.	Nicotine	14-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	46-50
25233467-10	2014	Our findings suggest that nicotine dependence plays an important role between genetic variants in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 region, especially CHRNA3, and lung adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	102-108
25233467-10	2014	Our findings suggest that nicotine dependence plays an important role between genetic variants in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 region, especially CHRNA3, and lung adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	26-34	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	109-114
25233467-6	2014	Results show that nicotine dependence is a mediator of the association between lung adenocarcinoma and gene variations in the regions of CHRNA5/A3/B4 and accounts for approximately 15% of this relationship.	Nicotine	18-26	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	144-149
24669857-12	2014	In conclusion, long-term exposure to nicotine up-regulated the expression of TLR4 and -6 via a JNK-related pathway, causing an exaggeration of the LPS-induced local airway inflammation and increased AHR.	Nicotine	37-45	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	77-81
24934182-0	2014	CHRNA5 variants moderate the effect of nicotine deprivation on a neural index of cognitive control.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
24669857-0	2014	Nicotine exaggerates LPS-induced airway hyperreactivity via JNK-mediated up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4.	Nicotine	0-8	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	90-110
24669857-5	2014	Nicotine"s effect on the expression of cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), MCP-1, COX-2, and TNF-alpha were examined by real-time PCR.	Nicotine	0-8	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	80-85
24669857-5	2014	Nicotine"s effect on the expression of cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), MCP-1, COX-2, and TNF-alpha were examined by real-time PCR.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	98-107
24669857-10	2014	Nicotine increased mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and -6 in the epithelium and smooth muscle layer, with MCP-1 and COX-2 mRNA increasing in parallel.	Nicotine	0-8	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	50-54
24934182-3	2014	Minor allele carriers at rs16969968 in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha5 subunit gene (CHRNA5) have been shown to exhibit both reduced cognitive control and greater nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	175-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-103
24934182-6	2014	We tested the hypothesis that individuals possessing at least one minor allele at rs16969968 in CHRNA5 would show greater nicotine deprivation-induced reductions in P3b and P3a amplitude.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-102
24698733-3	2014	Therefore, primary salivary gland cells from 10 patients undergoing parotid gland surgery were exposed to nicotine concentrations between 1 muM and 1000 muM for 1 h in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation.	Nicotine	106-114	latexin	Homo sapiens	140-143
24313917-8	2014	Moreover, serum TNFalpha levels were lower in the nicotine-treated group.	Nicotine	50-58	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	16-24
24313917-9	2014	Spleen IL-17 level of nicotine-treated mice was lower than that of the control group, and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and IL-6) in splenocytes were also lower than that of the control group.	Nicotine	22-30	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	152-156
25128927-0	2014	Role of vitamin C and selenium in attenuation of nicotine induced oxidative stress, P53 and Bcl2 expression in adult rat spleen.	Nicotine	49-57	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
25128927-7	2014	SOD and CAT activities of nicotine group decreased significantly compared to control group.	Nicotine	26-34	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
25128927-10	2014	In splenic tissues, nicotine significantly decreases the protein levels and the mRNA expression of P53 and increases the protein levels of Bcl2 and its expression.	Nicotine	20-28	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
25128927-12	2014	C. to nicotine-treated rats completely reversed the decrease in P53 levels and its mRNA expression and the increase in Bcl2 levels and its mRNA expression to the control values.	Nicotine	6-14	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
25128927-15	2014	C supplementation to nicotine treated rats was more effective than selenium in attenuation of nicotine-induced oxidative stress, p53 and Bcl2 expression in rat spleen tissues.	Nicotine	21-29	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
25128927-15	2014	C supplementation to nicotine treated rats was more effective than selenium in attenuation of nicotine-induced oxidative stress, p53 and Bcl2 expression in rat spleen tissues.	Nicotine	94-102	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
24599396-7	2014	RESULTS: Nicotine (100 and 200 muM) microinjected into the pVTA enhanced EtOH seeking.	Nicotine	9-17	latexin	Homo sapiens	31-34
24599396-8	2014	Coinfusion with 200 muM mecamylamine (nACh antagonist) or 100 and 200 muM zacopride (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) blocked the observed nicotine enhancement of EtOH seeking.	Nicotine	133-141	latexin	Homo sapiens	20-23
24599396-8	2014	Coinfusion with 200 muM mecamylamine (nACh antagonist) or 100 and 200 muM zacopride (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) blocked the observed nicotine enhancement of EtOH seeking.	Nicotine	133-141	latexin	Homo sapiens	70-73
24809892-5	2014	The cytotoxic components of e-CIG were restrained to the flavoring compound and, to a lesser extent, to nicotine although their effects were less harmful to that of CS.	Nicotine	104-112	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
24137042-7	2014	In relation to the objectives of the study, we concluded that (a) IFN-gamma at biologically relevant concentrations significantly enhanced pro-inflammatory responses; (b) CSE, nicotine and cotinine dysregulated the inflammatory response and that the effects of CSE were different from those of the individual components, nicotine and cotinine; (c) when both IFN-gamma and CSE were present, IFN-gamma masked the effect of CSE.	Nicotine	321-329	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	66-75
24698733-3	2014	Therefore, primary salivary gland cells from 10 patients undergoing parotid gland surgery were exposed to nicotine concentrations between 1 muM and 1000 muM for 1 h in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation.	Nicotine	106-114	latexin	Homo sapiens	153-156
24755145-13	2014	Nicotine may induce a shift to the Th2 lineage and improve the Th1/Th2 imbalance.	Nicotine	0-8	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	63-66
24828283-15	2014	Co-culture of stimulated Caco-2 cells with nicotine-activated EGCs prevented Cytomix-induced increases in P-IkappaBalpha and P-NF-kappaB expression.	Nicotine	43-51	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	127-136
24828283-17	2014	Nicotine-activated EGCs appear to modulate barrier function by preventing the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	96-105
25028095-0	2014	Nicotine-mediated invasion and migration of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells by modulating STMN3 and GSPT1 genes in an ID1-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	stathmin 3	Homo sapiens	94-99
25028095-0	2014	Nicotine-mediated invasion and migration of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells by modulating STMN3 and GSPT1 genes in an ID1-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	G1 to S phase transition 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
25028095-9	2014	RESULTS: A microarray analysis showed multiple genes are affected by the depletion of ID1; we focused on two of them: Stathmin-like3 (STMN3), a microtubule destabilizing protein, and GSPT1, a protein involved in translation termination; these proteins were induced by both nicotine and EGF in an ID1 dependent fashion.	Nicotine	273-281	stathmin 3	Homo sapiens	134-139
25028095-13	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggests that nicotine and EGF induce genes such as STMN3 and GSPT1 to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC, thus enhancing their tumorigenic properties.	Nicotine	50-58	stathmin 3	Homo sapiens	88-93
25028095-13	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggests that nicotine and EGF induce genes such as STMN3 and GSPT1 to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC, thus enhancing their tumorigenic properties.	Nicotine	50-58	G1 to S phase transition 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
25063196-5	2014	We previously showed that ethanol decreased, while nicotine increased miR-153 expression in NSCs.	Nicotine	51-59	microRNA 153	Mus musculus	70-77
25063196-11	2014	Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that, like nicotine, induces miR-153 expression, also prevented and reversed the effects of ethanol exposure.	Nicotine	75-83	microRNA 153	Mus musculus	93-100
24755145-14	2014	Activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with nicotine can inhibit Th17 cell responses and may improve the Th1/Th2 imbalance in CIA, providing a new justification for its application in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	Nicotine	58-66	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	79-82
24830635-7	2014	Addition of nicotine to HFD further resulted in an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular apoptosis and was associated with activation of caspase 2, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and perturbation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio.	Nicotine	12-20	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	167-198
24793809-0	2014	alpha5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in non-small cell lung cancer.	Nicotine	49-57	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	66-76
24793809-0	2014	alpha5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in non-small cell lung cancer.	Nicotine	49-57	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	81-85
24793809-2	2014	Previous studies have indicated that alpha5-nAChR is highly associated with lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
24793809-4	2014	In the present study, we investigated the roles of alpha5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
24793809-4	2014	In the present study, we investigated the roles of alpha5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	71-79	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	102-133
24793809-4	2014	In the present study, we investigated the roles of alpha5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	71-79	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	135-145
24793809-4	2014	In the present study, we investigated the roles of alpha5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	71-79	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	151-185
24793809-4	2014	In the present study, we investigated the roles of alpha5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	71-79	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	187-191
24793809-7	2014	In a cell line that highly expressed alpha5-nAChR, the loss of alpha5-nAChR function by siRNA was used to study whether alpha5-nAChR is involved in the nicotine-induced expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF through the activation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	152-160	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	183-193
24793809-10	2014	In the A549 cell line, alpha5-nAChR and HIF-1alpha were found to be expressed under normal conditions, and their expression levels were significantly increased in response to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	175-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
24793809-10	2014	In the A549 cell line, alpha5-nAChR and HIF-1alpha were found to be expressed under normal conditions, and their expression levels were significantly increased in response to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	175-183	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	40-50
24793809-11	2014	The silencing of alpha5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
24793809-11	2014	The silencing of alpha5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
24793809-11	2014	The silencing of alpha5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	145-153	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	178-188
24793809-11	2014	The silencing of alpha5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	145-153	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	193-197
24793809-11	2014	The silencing of alpha5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	145-153	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	249-255
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	41-51
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	52-56
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
24140878-4	2014	A "bench to bedside strategy" was initially used to develop cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	118-126	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
24321995-8	2014	Furthermore, the impact of nicotine treatment on phosphorylation of STAT3, HIF-1alpha and CA9 expression was assessed in HT29 cells.	Nicotine	27-35	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	68-73
24321995-8	2014	Furthermore, the impact of nicotine treatment on phosphorylation of STAT3, HIF-1alpha and CA9 expression was assessed in HT29 cells.	Nicotine	27-35	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	75-85
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	199-207	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	41-51
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	199-207	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	52-56
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
24830635-7	2014	Addition of nicotine to HFD further resulted in an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular apoptosis and was associated with activation of caspase 2, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and perturbation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio.	Nicotine	12-20	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	200-204
24830635-7	2014	Addition of nicotine to HFD further resulted in an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular apoptosis and was associated with activation of caspase 2, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and perturbation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio.	Nicotine	12-20	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	235-240
24830635-8	2014	Together, our data indicate the involvement of caspase 2 and iNOS-mediated apoptotic signaling in nicotine plus HFD-induced hepatocellular apoptosis.	Nicotine	98-106	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	61-65
24661093-3	2014	Previous studies have demonstrated that alpha6beta2*-nAChR are down-regulated following chronic nicotine exposure (unlike other subtypes that have been investigated - most prominently alpha4beta2* nAChR).	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
24661093-3	2014	Previous studies have demonstrated that alpha6beta2*-nAChR are down-regulated following chronic nicotine exposure (unlike other subtypes that have been investigated - most prominently alpha4beta2* nAChR).	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-202
24661093-5	2014	Chronic nicotine dose-responses and quantitative ligand-binding autoradiography were used to define nicotine sensitivity of changes in alpha4beta2*-nAChR and alpha6beta2*-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
24661093-5	2014	Chronic nicotine dose-responses and quantitative ligand-binding autoradiography were used to define nicotine sensitivity of changes in alpha4beta2*-nAChR and alpha6beta2*-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	171-176
24661093-6	2014	alpha6beta2*-nAChR down-regulation by chronic nicotine exposure in dopaminergic and optic-tract nuclei was  three-fold more sensitive than up-regulation of alpha4beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
24661093-7	2014	In contrast, nAChR-mediated [(3) H]-dopamine release from dopamine-terminal region synaptosomal preparations changed only in response to chronic treatment with high nicotine doses, whereas dopaminergic parameters (transporter expression and activity, dopamine receptor expression) were largely unchanged.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
24661093-12	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment altered alpha6beta2*- and alpha4beta2*-nAChR-mediated [(3) H]-dopamine release from striatal and olfactory tubercle synaptosomes, but dopaminergic parameters were largely unaffected.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
24945726-12	2014	Nicotine augmented the activation of NF-kappaB in the presence of SLCO3A1.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	37-46
24647121-0	2014	A systemically-available kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) inhibitor restores nicotine-evoked glutamatergic activity in the cortex of rats.	Nicotine	84-92	aminoadipate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	25-55
24647121-0	2014	A systemically-available kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) inhibitor restores nicotine-evoked glutamatergic activity in the cortex of rats.	Nicotine	84-92	aminoadipate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
24647121-4	2014	Here we report that administration of a systemically available KAT II inhibitor, PF-04859989, restores glutamate release events ("transients") evoked by pressure ejections of nicotine into the prefrontal cortex of rats exhibiting elevated KYNA levels.	Nicotine	175-183	aminoadipate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
24756761-0	2014	Nicotine upregulates microRNA-21 and promotes TGF-beta-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	46-54
24756761-6	2014	Moreover, the upregulated miR-21 by nicotine promoted EMT transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) dependently.	Nicotine	36-44	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	91-99
24611668-0	2014	Ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment increase brain levels of CYP2D in African green monkeys.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	76-81
24704194-1	2014	The electronic cigarette (e-cig) is a device with a conventional cigarette shape that releases a determined dose of nicotine vapour through an electronic heating process.	Nicotine	116-124	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
24927283-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to analyze associations of dopamine receptor genes (DRD1-5) with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and nicotine dependence (ND), and to investigate whether ND moderates genetic influences on MDD.	Nicotine	141-149	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	92-98
24611668-2	2014	Alcohol consumers and smokers have higher levels of CYP2D6 in brain, but not liver, suggesting ethanol and/or nicotine may induce human brain CYP2D6.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	52-58
24611668-2	2014	Alcohol consumers and smokers have higher levels of CYP2D6 in brain, but not liver, suggesting ethanol and/or nicotine may induce human brain CYP2D6.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	142-148
24611668-3	2014	We investigated the independent and combined effects of chronic ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment on CYP2D expression in African green monkeys.	Nicotine	96-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	118-123
24611668-7	2014	KEY RESULTS: Both nicotine and ethanol dose-dependently increased CYP2D in brain; brain mRNA was unaffected, and neither drug altered hepatic CYP2D protein or mRNA.	Nicotine	18-26	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	66-71
24611668-8	2014	The combination of ethanol and nicotine increased brain CYP2D protein levels to a greater extent than either drug alone (1.2-2.2-fold, P &lt; 0.05 among the eight brain regions assessed).	Nicotine	31-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	56-61
24611668-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Ethanol and nicotine increase brain CYP2D protein levels in monkeys, in a region and treatment-specific manner, suggesting that CNS drug responses, neurodegeneration and personality may be affected among people who consume alcohol and/or nicotine.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	66-71
24611668-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Ethanol and nicotine increase brain CYP2D protein levels in monkeys, in a region and treatment-specific manner, suggesting that CNS drug responses, neurodegeneration and personality may be affected among people who consume alcohol and/or nicotine.	Nicotine	268-276	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	66-71
24827506-5	2014	There is also growing evidence that the unique genetic makeup of an individual, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding nAChR subunits, might influence the susceptibility of that individual to the pathobiological effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	224-232	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
24044905-9	2014	Furthermore, the intervention of enalapril in nicotine-treated diabetic rat attenuated the testicular damage and restored sperm count, sperm DNA damage, as well as reduced the expression of NF-kappaB, COX-2, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	46-54	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	212-221
24682045-6	2014	CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in African-Americans, variants (common or rare) in genes other than CHRNA5 most likely contribute toward the nicotine-dependent phenotype, either independently or in combination with variants in CHRNA5.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-231
24406270-0	2014	Functional interactions of varenicline and nicotine with nAChR subtypes implicated in cardiovascular control.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
24406270-5	2014	and of nicotine in smokers was derived from activation-inhibition curves for each nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	7-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
24470632-0	2014	Transcriptional regulation of L-type calcium channel subtypes Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 by nicotine and their potential role in nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	83-91	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	62-68
24470632-0	2014	Transcriptional regulation of L-type calcium channel subtypes Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 by nicotine and their potential role in nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	120-128	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	62-68
24470632-3	2014	METHODS: Using quantitative in situ hybridization, we examined expression levels of Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 in forebrain regions of mice treated with nicotine (0.175 mg/kg) or saline for 1 or 14 days and sacrificed 24 hr or 7 days following the last injection.	Nicotine	148-156	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	84-92
24470632-6	2014	Following 14 days of nicotine treatment and 24 hr of abstinence, Ca(v)1.2 mRNA was downregulated throughout the areas examined, whereas Ca(v)1.3 mRNA had mostly returned to control values.	Nicotine	21-29	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	65-73
24470632-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest a differential involvement of Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 in nicotine-related processes.	Nicotine	85-93	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	60-68
24470632-11	2014	Ca(v)1.2 appears to play a role in the long-term molecular and behavioral changes that occur following chronic nicotine and abstinence.	Nicotine	111-119	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	0-8
24637631-2	2014	The primary hypothesis of this study was to identify whether the polymorphisms of two glutathione-S-transferase enzymes (GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes) predict an increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders in smokers with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	216-224	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
24298024-9	2014	Nicotine enhanced PI3K/Akt activation and reduced PU.1 activity and TLR4 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	23-26
24885237-5	2014	After 3-4 days of IH, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) protein phosphorylation decreased, which could be reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), 1,10-phenanthroline (Phe), the PP2A phosphorylation inhibitors, okadaic acid (OKA) and cantharidin, and the ERK phosphorylation activator nicotine (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	302-310	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
24298024-9	2014	Nicotine enhanced PI3K/Akt activation and reduced PU.1 activity and TLR4 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	68-72
24886748-8	2014	HIV and nicotine synergize to significantly dysregulate the expression of synaptic plasticity genes and spine density; with a concomitant increase of HDAC2 levels in SK-N-MC cells.	Nicotine	8-16	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	150-155
24886748-9	2014	In addition, inhibition of HDAC2 up-regulation with the use of vorinostat resulted in HIV latency breakdown and recovery of synaptic plasticity genes expression and spine density in nicotine/HIV alone and in co-treated SK-N-MC cells.	Nicotine	182-190	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
22862850-1	2014	The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human mu-opioid receptor (MOPR) gene (OPRM1) was associated with heightened dopamine release by alcohol intake, better treatment outcome for nicotine and alcohol addiction, and reduced analgesic responses to morphine.	Nicotine	195-203	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	80-84
24804708-4	2014	We previously undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes and found that rare missense variants at conserved residues in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence among African Americans.	Nicotine	247-255	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-99
24668500-0	2014	Nicotine promotes apoptosis resistance of breast cancer cells and enrichment of side population cells with cancer stem cell-like properties via a signaling cascade involving galectin-3, alpha9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and STAT3.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	230-235
24253422-0	2014	Significant associations of CHRNA2 and CHRNA6 with nicotine dependence in European American and African American populations.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-34
24569419-2	2014	Genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes have been associated with nicotine dependence, and are likely to influence renal function and related traits.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-56
24668500-3	2014	Nicotine-induced up regulation of galectin-3 is due to an increased expression of alpha9 isoform of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha9nAChR), which activates transcription factor STAT3 that in turn, physically binds to galectin-3 (LGALS3) promoter and induces transcription of galectin-3.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	185-190
24668500-5	2014	Moreover, nicotine-induced enrichment of side population cells with cancer stem cell-like properties was modulated by galectin-3 expression and could be significantly reduced by transient knock down of LGALS3 and its upstream signaling molecules STAT3 and alpha9nAChR.	Nicotine	10-18	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	246-251
24668500-6	2014	Thus, galectin-3 or its upstream signaling molecule STAT3 or alpha9nAChR could be a potential target to prevent nicotine-induced chemoresistance in breast cancer.	Nicotine	112-120	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	52-57
24569419-2	2014	Genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes have been associated with nicotine dependence, and are likely to influence renal function and related traits.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
24627467-1	2014	Although nicotine mediates its effects through several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, it remains to be determined which nAChR subtypes directly mediate heightened anxiety during withdrawal.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
24627467-1	2014	Although nicotine mediates its effects through several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, it remains to be determined which nAChR subtypes directly mediate heightened anxiety during withdrawal.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
24481039-0	2014	Nicotine exerts neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through the Erk1/2-p38-JNK-dependent signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	112-118
24412748-1	2014	Studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduce nicotine-induced non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth through inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	102-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	26-74
24412748-1	2014	Studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduce nicotine-induced non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth through inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	102-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
24412748-1	2014	Studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduce nicotine-induced non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth through inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-223
24412748-1	2014	Studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduce nicotine-induced non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth through inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
24481039-3	2014	The aim of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against toxicity induced by beta-amyloid (Abeta) in relation to cell apoptosis, and to elucidate the role of the activation of the Erk1/2-p38-JNK pathway and the modulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in the nicotine-induced neuroprotective effects.	Nicotine	74-82	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	221-224
24481039-3	2014	The aim of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against toxicity induced by beta-amyloid (Abeta) in relation to cell apoptosis, and to elucidate the role of the activation of the Erk1/2-p38-JNK pathway and the modulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in the nicotine-induced neuroprotective effects.	Nicotine	74-82	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	225-228
24481039-3	2014	The aim of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against toxicity induced by beta-amyloid (Abeta) in relation to cell apoptosis, and to elucidate the role of the activation of the Erk1/2-p38-JNK pathway and the modulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in the nicotine-induced neuroprotective effects.	Nicotine	290-298	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	214-220
24733557-0	2014	PI3K/Akt-independent NOS/HO activation accounts for the facilitatory effect of nicotine on acetylcholine renal vasodilations: modulation by ovarian hormones.	Nicotine	79-87	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
24733557-8	2014	Together, the data suggests that chronic nicotine potentiates acetylcholine renal vasodilation in female rats via, at least partly, Akt-independent HO-1 upregulation.	Nicotine	41-49	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
24548862-0	2014	Nicotine increases the resistance of lung cancer cells to cisplatin through enhancing Bcl-2 stability.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	86-91
24548862-3	2014	METHODS: In this study, we used immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation methods to test the ubiquitination and degradation of Bcl-2 affected by nicotine in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	143-151	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	125-130
24548862-5	2014	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the addition of nicotine greatly attenuated Bcl-2 ubiquitination and degradation, which further desensitised lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.	Nicotine	46-54	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	74-79
24548862-6	2014	In this process, Bcl-2 was persistently phosphorylated in the cells cotreated with nicotine and cisplatin.	Nicotine	83-91	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	17-22
24548862-7	2014	Furthermore, Akt was proven to be responsible for sustained activation of Bcl-2 by nicotine, which further antagonised cisplatin-mediated apoptotic signalling.	Nicotine	83-91	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
24548862-7	2014	Furthermore, Akt was proven to be responsible for sustained activation of Bcl-2 by nicotine, which further antagonised cisplatin-mediated apoptotic signalling.	Nicotine	83-91	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	74-79
24548862-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that nicotine activates its downstream signalling to interfere with the ubiquitination process and prevent Bcl-2 from being degraded in lung cancer cells, resulting in the increase of chemoresistance.	Nicotine	38-46	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	140-145
24481039-8	2014	As shown by our in vivo experiments, nicotine effectively ameliorated the impairment in spatial working memory induced by Abeta25-35; this was confirmed by a Morris water maze navigation test and further supported by the upregulation of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus of Abeta25-35-injected mice treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	37-45	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	237-242
24481039-8	2014	As shown by our in vivo experiments, nicotine effectively ameliorated the impairment in spatial working memory induced by Abeta25-35; this was confirmed by a Morris water maze navigation test and further supported by the upregulation of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus of Abeta25-35-injected mice treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	303-311	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	237-242
24481039-9	2014	The phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK increased following treatment with nicotine in the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas caspase-3 activation was inhibited by treatment with nicotine prior to exposure to Abeta25-35.	Nicotine	78-86	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	23-29
24481039-9	2014	The phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK increased following treatment with nicotine in the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas caspase-3 activation was inhibited by treatment with nicotine prior to exposure to Abeta25-35.	Nicotine	78-86	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
24481039-0	2014	Nicotine exerts neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through the Erk1/2-p38-JNK-dependent signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
24481039-9	2014	The phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK increased following treatment with nicotine in the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas caspase-3 activation was inhibited by treatment with nicotine prior to exposure to Abeta25-35.	Nicotine	78-86	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	39-42
24481039-9	2014	The phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK increased following treatment with nicotine in the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas caspase-3 activation was inhibited by treatment with nicotine prior to exposure to Abeta25-35.	Nicotine	170-178	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	23-29
24481039-9	2014	The phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK increased following treatment with nicotine in the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas caspase-3 activation was inhibited by treatment with nicotine prior to exposure to Abeta25-35.	Nicotine	170-178	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	117-126
24481039-10	2014	Of note, these effects of nicotine against Abeta25-35-induced damage were abolished by inhibitors of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	26-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
24481039-10	2014	Of note, these effects of nicotine against Abeta25-35-induced damage were abolished by inhibitors of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	26-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
24481039-10	2014	Of note, these effects of nicotine against Abeta25-35-induced damage were abolished by inhibitors of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	26-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	117-120
24481039-0	2014	Nicotine exerts neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through the Erk1/2-p38-JNK-dependent signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	123-126
24690900-6	2014	Nicotine also significantly increased the number of RASMCs, which was associated with the increased expression of Cyclin D1, phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) and was dependent on the activation of Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
24843849-7	2014	RESULTS: The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg nicotine treated groups.	Nicotine	133-141	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	54-62
24843849-7	2014	RESULTS: The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg nicotine treated groups.	Nicotine	133-141	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
24467848-0	2014	A signal peptide missense mutation associated with nicotine dependence alters alpha2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-118
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	238-246	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	238-246	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
24467848-6	2014	We hypothesize that lower sensitivity of human alpha2*-nAChR to nicotine could contribute to increased susceptibility to ND.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
24690900-6	2014	Nicotine also significantly increased the number of RASMCs, which was associated with the increased expression of Cyclin D1, phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) and was dependent on the activation of Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-218
24690900-7	2014	The activation of Akt by nicotine occurred within minutes and depended upon the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs).	Nicotine	25-33	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
24690900-9	2014	Our data suggest that the binding of nicotine to the nAchRs on RASMCs can regulate cellular proliferation by activating the Akt pathway.	Nicotine	37-45	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
24581246-9	2014	In contrast, nicotine had anti-inflammatory properties (0.6 fold IL-8 release after 50 muM exposure to nicotine for 24 h), and acetylaldehyde was without effect.	Nicotine	13-21	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	65-69
24287167-9	2014	Nicotine alone impaired IL-10 and TNF-alpha production by 48.8 (37)% and 49 (50)%, respectively (p&lt;0.05) through an alpha-7 nicotine receptor-independent mechanism.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-43
23996702-11	2014	A nicotine dependent correlation between SLPI and annexin 2 gene expression (r(2) = 0.15, p &lt; 0.001) was shown ex vivo.	Nicotine	2-10	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	41-45
24633083-5	2014	Similar changes in nAChR-mediated neurotransmitter production were identified as the cause of NSCLC stimulation in vitro and in xenograft models by chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
24581246-9	2014	In contrast, nicotine had anti-inflammatory properties (0.6 fold IL-8 release after 50 muM exposure to nicotine for 24 h), and acetylaldehyde was without effect.	Nicotine	13-21	latexin	Homo sapiens	87-90
24581246-9	2014	In contrast, nicotine had anti-inflammatory properties (0.6 fold IL-8 release after 50 muM exposure to nicotine for 24 h), and acetylaldehyde was without effect.	Nicotine	103-111	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	65-69
24581246-9	2014	In contrast, nicotine had anti-inflammatory properties (0.6 fold IL-8 release after 50 muM exposure to nicotine for 24 h), and acetylaldehyde was without effect.	Nicotine	103-111	latexin	Homo sapiens	87-90
24385388-9	2014	Taken together, these experiments suggest that genetic variation at CHRNA4 alters the assembly and expression of human alpha4beta2 nAChRs, resulting in receptors that are more sensitive to nicotine exposure than those assembled with the common alpha4 variant.	Nicotine	189-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-74
24567151-9	2014	MD simulation studies revealed that interaction of the nicotine molecule with the beta-sheet of Abeta16-22 peptide transforms the beta-sheet to an alpha-helical structure, which helps prohibit the aggregation of Abeta-protein.	Nicotine	55-63	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	96-101
23925944-0	2014	Nicotine induces alteration of H3K27 demethylase UTX in kidney cancer cell.	Nicotine	0-8	lysine demethylase 6A	Homo sapiens	49-52
23925944-2	2014	To examine the expression change of histone H3 on lysine 27 trimethylase (H3K27me3) demethylases ubiquitously transcribed TPR gene on the X chromosome (UTX) in kidney cancer cell line 786-O after nicotine treatment, quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis were carried out.	Nicotine	196-204	lysine demethylase 6A	Homo sapiens	152-155
23925944-3	2014	These results showed that nicotine can increase UTX messenger RNA and protein levels and also decrease the content of H3K27me3.	Nicotine	26-34	lysine demethylase 6A	Homo sapiens	48-51
23925944-5	2014	Future investigation on nicotine induced UTX expression and its epigenetic effect would deepen our understanding on nicotine toxicity and carcinogenicity.	Nicotine	24-32	lysine demethylase 6A	Homo sapiens	41-44
23925944-5	2014	Future investigation on nicotine induced UTX expression and its epigenetic effect would deepen our understanding on nicotine toxicity and carcinogenicity.	Nicotine	116-124	lysine demethylase 6A	Homo sapiens	41-44
24385388-10	2014	The changes in nAChR pharmacology could contribute to differences in responses to smoked nicotine in individuals harboring these rare variants.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
24399025-8	2014	Both Erk-JNK-p38 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways could be activated by nicotine treatment in Raw264.7 and El4 cells.	Nicotine	71-79	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	5-8
24399025-9	2014	Notably, when Erk-JNK and PI3K-Akt activities were inhibited, nicotine-augmented cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects were abolished accordingly.	Nicotine	62-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	14-17
24399025-10	2014	The results presented here indicate that nicotine could achieve alpha7 nAChR-mediated proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects by activating Erk-JNK and PI3K-Akt pathways respectively, providing potential therapeutic molecules to deal with smoking-associated human diseases.	Nicotine	41-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
24399025-10	2014	The results presented here indicate that nicotine could achieve alpha7 nAChR-mediated proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects by activating Erk-JNK and PI3K-Akt pathways respectively, providing potential therapeutic molecules to deal with smoking-associated human diseases.	Nicotine	41-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	145-148
24368177-7	2014	Given that FAS is regulated by the nuclear receptor Liver X receptor (LXRalpha), we measured LXRalpha expression in both control and nicotine-exposed offspring.	Nicotine	133-141	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	93-101
24448396-0	2014	Variation in P450 oxidoreductase (POR) A503V and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)-3 E158K is associated with minor alterations in nicotine metabolism, but does not alter cigarette consumption.	Nicotine	135-143	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	13-32
24448396-0	2014	Variation in P450 oxidoreductase (POR) A503V and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)-3 E158K is associated with minor alterations in nicotine metabolism, but does not alter cigarette consumption.	Nicotine	135-143	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	34-37
24448396-6	2014	Thus, FMO3 E158K and POR A503V are minor sources of nicotine metabolism variation, insufficient to appreciably alter smoking.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	21-24
24368177-8	2014	Nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation led to an increase in hepatic LXRalpha protein expression and enriched binding to the putative LXRE element on the FAS promoter in PND 180 male offspring.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	79-87
24501347-6	2014	Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the cells, in combination with fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching experiments, revealed that nicotine, acting through alpha7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, induces the stabilization and accumulation of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors on dendritic spines.	Nicotine	145-153	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	296-301
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-97
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	268-276	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-97
23990377-1	2014	Through linkage analysis, candidate gene approach, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), many genetic susceptibility factors for substance dependence have been discovered such as the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) for alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit variants on chromosomes 8 and 15 for nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	342-350	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	256-288
23990377-1	2014	Through linkage analysis, candidate gene approach, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), many genetic susceptibility factors for substance dependence have been discovered such as the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) for alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit variants on chromosomes 8 and 15 for nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	342-350	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	290-295
24287136-1	2014	Biosynthesis of nicotine in tobacco requires N-methylputrescine oxidase (MPO), which belongs to the copper-containing amine oxidase superfamily.	Nicotine	16-24	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	45-71
24287136-5	2014	Both MPO1 and NtDAO1 are targeted to peroxisomes by their C-terminal motifs, and the peroxisomal localization of MPO1 is required for it to function in nicotine biosynthesis in jasmonate-elicited cultured tobacco cells.	Nicotine	152-160	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	113-117
24157491-4	2014	Nicotine enhancement of adolescent quinpirole-induced locomotion was mediated by D2 receptors (D2Rs) since it was blocked by the D2R antagonist, L-741,626, but not by the D3R and D4R antagonists, NGB 2904 and L-745,870.	Nicotine	0-8	neuroglobin	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
24157491-8	2014	Adolescent nicotine pretreatment enhanced c-fos mRNA expression in corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) cells of the paraventricular nucleus, and enhancement of penile erection was blocked by the CRF-1 receptor antagonist, CP 376,396.	Nicotine	11-19	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	67-97
24287136-1	2014	Biosynthesis of nicotine in tobacco requires N-methylputrescine oxidase (MPO), which belongs to the copper-containing amine oxidase superfamily.	Nicotine	16-24	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	73-76
24287136-4	2014	MPO1 is coordinately regulated with other nicotine biosynthesis genes with regard to COI1-MYC2-dependent jasmonate induction and its dependence on nicotine-specific ERF transcription factors, whereas NtDAO1 is constitutively expressed at low basal levels in tobacco plants.	Nicotine	42-50	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-4
24287136-4	2014	MPO1 is coordinately regulated with other nicotine biosynthesis genes with regard to COI1-MYC2-dependent jasmonate induction and its dependence on nicotine-specific ERF transcription factors, whereas NtDAO1 is constitutively expressed at low basal levels in tobacco plants.	Nicotine	147-155	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-4
24287136-5	2014	Both MPO1 and NtDAO1 are targeted to peroxisomes by their C-terminal motifs, and the peroxisomal localization of MPO1 is required for it to function in nicotine biosynthesis in jasmonate-elicited cultured tobacco cells.	Nicotine	152-160	copper methylamine oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	5-9
24478678-1	2014	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, encoding the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, has been linked to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	11-17
24300109-7	2014	The nicotine-induced expression of GLAST mRNA and protein is mediated through an inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) depend intracellular pathway, since pretreatment with either xestospongin C, an IP3 receptor antagonist, or KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked GLAST expression.	Nicotine	4-12	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	249-261
24498031-4	2014	Alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit-related phenotypes were assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS).	Nicotine	116-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
24478678-1	2014	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, encoding the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, has been linked to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	18-24
24478678-1	2014	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, encoding the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, has been linked to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	60-66
24478678-12	2014	Altogether, these data confirm the critical role of habenular beta4 in nicotine consumption, and identify specific SNPs in CHRNB4 that modify nicotine-elicited currents and alter nicotine consumption in mice.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	123-129
24478678-12	2014	Altogether, these data confirm the critical role of habenular beta4 in nicotine consumption, and identify specific SNPs in CHRNB4 that modify nicotine-elicited currents and alter nicotine consumption in mice.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	123-129
25059554-0	2014	Nicotine induces the production of IL-1beta and IL-8 via the alpha7 nAChR/NF-kappaB pathway in human periodontal ligament cells: an in vitro study.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	35-43
24454942-9	2014	Nicotine treatment suppressed MMCs hyperplasia, enhanced MPO and upregulated mRNA expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the FA mice colon.	Nicotine	0-8	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	96-99
24033696-10	2014	The effect of nicotine replacement on continuous abstinence is moderated by the combined genetic risks from CYP2A6 and CHRNA5 (Wald = 7.44, d.f.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-125
24201001-2	2014	We found that combined exposure to relevant exposure concentrations of ethanol (2%) and nicotine (15 muM) induces an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Nicotine	88-96	latexin	Homo sapiens	101-104
24201001-5	2014	Nicotine increased the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress related protein GRP78/BiP, but not another marker of ER-stress, IRE1alpha.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	91-96
24201001-5	2014	Nicotine increased the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress related protein GRP78/BiP, but not another marker of ER-stress, IRE1alpha.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	97-100
24201001-7	2014	Nicotine decreased the phosphorylation of JNK and also had similar effect on total amount of this protein.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	42-45
24201001-8	2014	Phosphorylation and expression of p38 were increased 1.7- and 1.6-fold, respectively, by nicotine alone, and 1.9- and 2.1-fold by the combined treatment.	Nicotine	89-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
24201001-9	2014	Some increase (1.8-fold) was also seen in the phosphorylation of ERK2 at 48 h, in cells exposed to both ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	116-124	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
25059554-0	2014	Nicotine induces the production of IL-1beta and IL-8 via the alpha7 nAChR/NF-kappaB pathway in human periodontal ligament cells: an in vitro study.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	48-52
25059554-6	2014	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, nicotine could significantly induce production of IL-1beta and IL-8 in human PDL cells and cause the similar effects on the expression of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit and NF-kappaB activity.	Nicotine	42-50	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	92-100
25059554-6	2014	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, nicotine could significantly induce production of IL-1beta and IL-8 in human PDL cells and cause the similar effects on the expression of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit and NF-kappaB activity.	Nicotine	42-50	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	105-109
25059554-7	2014	CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that nicotine could induce production of IL-1beta and IL-8 via the alpha7 nAChR/NF-kappaB pathway in human PDL cells, providing data for a better understanding of the relationships among smoking, nicotine, and periodontitis.	Nicotine	41-49	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	77-85
25059554-7	2014	CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that nicotine could induce production of IL-1beta and IL-8 via the alpha7 nAChR/NF-kappaB pathway in human PDL cells, providing data for a better understanding of the relationships among smoking, nicotine, and periodontitis.	Nicotine	41-49	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	90-94
25059554-7	2014	CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that nicotine could induce production of IL-1beta and IL-8 via the alpha7 nAChR/NF-kappaB pathway in human PDL cells, providing data for a better understanding of the relationships among smoking, nicotine, and periodontitis.	Nicotine	232-240	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	77-85
25059554-7	2014	CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that nicotine could induce production of IL-1beta and IL-8 via the alpha7 nAChR/NF-kappaB pathway in human PDL cells, providing data for a better understanding of the relationships among smoking, nicotine, and periodontitis.	Nicotine	232-240	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	90-94
24949556-0	2014	Activation of alpha7nAChR by nicotine reduced the Th17 response in CD4(+)T lymphocytes.	Nicotine	29-37	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	67-70
24807738-4	2014	This paper discusses the changes in other markers of oxidative stress - the isozymes of superoxide dismutase Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD - in nicotine- and nicotine + D-amphetamine-treated rats.	Nicotine	135-143	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
24807738-4	2014	This paper discusses the changes in other markers of oxidative stress - the isozymes of superoxide dismutase Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD - in nicotine- and nicotine + D-amphetamine-treated rats.	Nicotine	149-157	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
24478552-0	2014	Effect of Resveratrol and Nicotine on PON1 Gene Expression: In Vitro Study.	Nicotine	26-34	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
24478552-5	2014	Resveratrol in a dose of 15 mumol/l or above significantly increased the PON1 enzyme activity (p &gt; 0.001) where as nicotine in a dose of 1 mumol/l or higher significantly reduced it (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	118-126	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
24949556-9	2014	However, alpha7nAChR expression reduced to 80% on CD4(+)T cells after stimulation with PHA for 24 h. Stimulation of alpha7nAChR with nicotine increased the expression of Th17 cells, and this upregulation reduced when AChRalpha7 was inhibited by alpha-BTX.	Nicotine	133-141	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	50-53
24949556-11	2014	Meanwhile, activation of nAChRalpha7 by nicotine in CD4 cells reduced the Th17 response.	Nicotine	40-48	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	52-55
24107512-4	2014	Using cell-based sorting and proteomic analysis we define an alpha4 nAChR expressing helper T-cell population (alpha4(+)CD3(+)CD4(+)) and show that this group of cells is responsive to sustained nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	61-73
24683417-3	2014	The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a Positive Psychotherapy for Smoking Cessation (PPT-S) intervention that integrates standard smoking cessation counseling with nicotine patch and a package of positive psychology interventions.	Nicotine	211-219	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
25346042-0	2014	Association between KCNJ6 (GIRK2) gene polymorphism rs2835859 and post-operative analgesia, pain sensitivity, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	114-122	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6	Homo sapiens	20-25
25346042-0	2014	Association between KCNJ6 (GIRK2) gene polymorphism rs2835859 and post-operative analgesia, pain sensitivity, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	114-122	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6	Homo sapiens	27-32
24825567-2	2014	Neuroprotective properties for nicotine have been described in AD, through its actions on nicotinic receptors and the further activation of the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 survival pathway.	Nicotine	31-39	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
24825567-2	2014	Neuroprotective properties for nicotine have been described in AD, through its actions on nicotinic receptors and the further activation of the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 survival pathway.	Nicotine	31-39	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
23765240-8	2014	We proposed a model where nicotine addiction is mediated by miRNAs" regulation of fos-1 and is maintained by epigenetic factors.	Nicotine	26-34	Transcription factor fos-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	82-87
24117996-8	2014	In addition, nicotine exerted full spine-enlarging response in the post-synaptic neuron whose beta2 nAChR expression was knocked down.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
24882143-10	2014	Taken together, these findings suggest that NIC-induced antinociception and the development of physical dependence are mediated by the endogenous opioid system, via the alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	44-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	176-181
25242867-5	2014	Mean +- SD of hs-CRP was significantly higher among groups exposed to various dosages of nicotine (2, 4, and 6 mg/kg) compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.0001) and its increasing rate was also dose dependent.	Nicotine	89-97	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
25242867-6	2014	Mean +- SD serum level of IL-6 and TNF-alpha among all groups exposed to nicotine, except for 2 mg/kg nicotine injected group, was increased significantly (P &lt; 0.0001).	Nicotine	73-81	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
25242867-6	2014	Mean +- SD serum level of IL-6 and TNF-alpha among all groups exposed to nicotine, except for 2 mg/kg nicotine injected group, was increased significantly (P &lt; 0.0001).	Nicotine	73-81	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	35-44
24107512-5	2014	In the circulation, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus, we find that nicotine promotes an increase in CD3(+)CD4(+) cells via its activation of the alpha4 nAChR and regulation of G protein subunit o, G protein regulated-inducer of neurite outgrowth, and CDC42 signaling within T cells.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	144-156
23959951-3	2013	We hypothesized that nicotine would exacerbate cardiovascular remodeling induced by angiotensin-II (Ang II) treatment.	Nicotine	21-29	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	84-98
24274400-1	2013	Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which can exist as many different subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-51
24274400-1	2013	Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which can exist as many different subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
24274400-2	2013	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is the most prevalent subtype in the brain and possesses the most evidence linking it to nicotine seeking behavior.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
24967145-0	2014	Bcl2 Family Functions as Signaling Target in Nicotine-/NNK-Induced Survival of Human Lung Cancer Cells.	Nicotine	45-53	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
24967145-7	2014	In the past several years, multiple signaling links between nicotine/NNK and Bcl2 family members have been identified that regulate survival and proliferation.	Nicotine	60-68	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	77-81
24358207-12	2013	Nicotine was sensed by nAChR and the signal was transduced by Sp1 which bound to the R3 region of LDLR gene.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
23959951-3	2013	We hypothesized that nicotine would exacerbate cardiovascular remodeling induced by angiotensin-II (Ang II) treatment.	Nicotine	21-29	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	100-106
23959951-5	2013	Heart weights were increased by all treatments, with control &lt; nicotine &lt; Ang II &lt; nicotine + Ang II.	Nicotine	66-74	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	80-86
23959951-5	2013	Heart weights were increased by all treatments, with control &lt; nicotine &lt; Ang II &lt; nicotine + Ang II.	Nicotine	92-100	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	80-86
24054990-2	2013	However, no studies to date have examined the role of Clock genes on nicotine-mediated behaviors.	Nicotine	69-77	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	54-59
24012499-3	2013	Incubation with (S)-nicotine increased d-Ser levels, which were attenuated by the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	16-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
24054990-3	2013	We examined the involvement of Clock, one of several Clock genes, on the effects of nicotine by examining mice with the ClockDelta19 mutation in behaviors commonly used to assess drug effects in rodents.	Nicotine	84-92	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	31-36
24054990-11	2013	Further studies are needed to determine the effect of other Clock genes on nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	75-83	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	60-65
24099969-2	2013	OBJECTIVE: To test the concurrent and predictive relations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and use and abuse of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis in a longitudinal, population sample of adolescents and young adults, at the period of highest increase in drug use.	Nicotine	122-130	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	67-85
24099969-2	2013	OBJECTIVE: To test the concurrent and predictive relations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and use and abuse of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis in a longitudinal, population sample of adolescents and young adults, at the period of highest increase in drug use.	Nicotine	122-130	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	87-90
25214750-5	2013	The genetic variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region that predict nicotine dependence also predict a later age of smoking cessation in a community-based sample.	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-34
24099969-6	2013	RESULTS: CRP levels were higher in the presence of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	51-59	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	9-12
24099969-6	2013	RESULTS: CRP levels were higher in the presence of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	91-99	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	9-12
24099969-7	2013	In prospective analyses, higher CRP levels predicted cannabis use and nicotine dependence, and nicotine use predicted higher CRP levels, once covariates were included in the models.	Nicotine	95-103	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	125-128
24095726-0	2013	A functional link between heme oxygenase-1 and tristetraprolin in the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	26-42
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	98-106	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	33-49
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	98-106	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	51-55
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	153-161	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	33-49
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	153-161	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	51-55
24095726-4	2013	In this study, we sought to determine whether HO-1 associates with TTP to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	115-123	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	46-50
24095726-5	2013	Inhibition of HO-1 activity or HO-1 expression attenuated the effects of nicotine on STAT3 activation, TTP induction, and TNF-alpha production in LPS-treated macrophages.	Nicotine	73-81	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	14-18
24095726-5	2013	Inhibition of HO-1 activity or HO-1 expression attenuated the effects of nicotine on STAT3 activation, TTP induction, and TNF-alpha production in LPS-treated macrophages.	Nicotine	73-81	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	31-35
24095726-5	2013	Inhibition of HO-1 activity or HO-1 expression attenuated the effects of nicotine on STAT3 activation, TTP induction, and TNF-alpha production in LPS-treated macrophages.	Nicotine	73-81	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	85-90
24095726-7	2013	In an LPS-induced endotoxemia model, HO-1 deficiency blocked the effects of nicotine on the STAT3 phosphorylation, TTP induction, and LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in the liver.	Nicotine	76-84	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	92-97
24095726-8	2013	Downregulation of STAT3 by siRNA attenuated the effect of nicotine on TTP expression and TNF-alpha production but did not affect the nicotine-mediated induction of HO-1.	Nicotine	58-66	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	18-23
24095726-9	2013	In TTP knockout mice, nicotine treatment enhanced HO-1 expression and STAT3 activation but failed to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	22-30	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	50-54
24095726-9	2013	In TTP knockout mice, nicotine treatment enhanced HO-1 expression and STAT3 activation but failed to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	22-30	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	70-75
24095726-10	2013	Our results suggest that HO-1 and TTP are functionally linked in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine; HO-1 is necessary for the induction of TTP by nicotine.	Nicotine	108-116	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	25-37
24095726-10	2013	Our results suggest that HO-1 and TTP are functionally linked in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine; HO-1 is necessary for the induction of TTP by nicotine.	Nicotine	108-116	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	25-29
24095726-10	2013	Our results suggest that HO-1 and TTP are functionally linked in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine; HO-1 is necessary for the induction of TTP by nicotine.	Nicotine	164-172	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	25-37
24095726-10	2013	Our results suggest that HO-1 and TTP are functionally linked in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine; HO-1 is necessary for the induction of TTP by nicotine.	Nicotine	164-172	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	25-29
24201082-2	2013	Nicotine injection in full-thickness excisional skin wounds minimally affected inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 while it induced a down-regulation in the expression of growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	112-116
24201082-2	2013	Nicotine injection in full-thickness excisional skin wounds minimally affected inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 while it induced a down-regulation in the expression of growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Mus musculus	229-238
24201082-2	2013	Nicotine injection in full-thickness excisional skin wounds minimally affected inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 while it induced a down-regulation in the expression of growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	275-280
24095863-8	2013	Moreover, P-ERK/ERK ratio was modified by nicotine addition to 5-FU and CPT treated cells in an opposite manner.	Nicotine	42-50	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
24045421-4	2013	Further comparisons of nicotine metabolism between Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null and Cyp2a5-null mice revealed significant roles of both CYP2A5 and CYP2B enzymes in nicotine clearance.	Nicotine	154-162	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 10	Mus musculus	137-142
24095863-7	2013	Nicotine addition to Caco-2 and HCT-8, treated with 5-FU or CPT, decreased the cleavage of substrate of caspase 3 and 7, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).	Nicotine	0-8	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	121-147
24095863-7	2013	Nicotine addition to Caco-2 and HCT-8, treated with 5-FU or CPT, decreased the cleavage of substrate of caspase 3 and 7, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).	Nicotine	0-8	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
24095863-10	2013	In Caco-2 and HCT-8 nicotine reverted 5-FU and CPT apoptotic effects through AKT phosphorylation, as demonstrated by apoptotic increase in presence of LY294002, an AKT phosphorylation inhibitor.	Nicotine	20-28	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
24095863-10	2013	In Caco-2 and HCT-8 nicotine reverted 5-FU and CPT apoptotic effects through AKT phosphorylation, as demonstrated by apoptotic increase in presence of LY294002, an AKT phosphorylation inhibitor.	Nicotine	20-28	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	164-167
24095863-12	2013	Nicotine anti-apoptotic effects were exerted through ERK and AKT pathway activation.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
24095863-12	2013	Nicotine anti-apoptotic effects were exerted through ERK and AKT pathway activation.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
23681163-12	2013	Overall, TBA-1, CDC-42, EIF3.C, ARP-6, and Y45F10D.4 were the most reliable reference genes for mutigenerational nicotine-exposed study.	Nicotine	113-121	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit C	Caenorhabditis elegans	24-30
24084318-5	2013	An involvement of MOR and DOR, but not KOR, in the development of nicotine physical dependence or in abstinence-induced withdrawal was thus demonstrated in a sensitive and facile invertebrate model.	Nicotine	66-74	tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
23236076-8	2013	Functional connectivity between the dACC and limbic regions is inherently abnormal in schizophrenia, related to its genetic liability regardless of smoking, and overlaps with a nicotine addiction-related circuit.	Nicotine	177-185	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	36-40
24227714-1	2013	The Chrna5 gene encodes the alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, an "accessory" subunit of pentameric nicotinic receptors, that has been shown to play a role in nicotine-related behaviors in rodents and is genetically linked to smoking behavior in humans.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
23954803-1	2013	Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7nAChRs) mediate nicotine-induced burst-firing of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a limbic brain region critically involved in reward and in dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)-related cortical dysfunctions associated with psychosis.	Nicotine	64-72	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	210-230
23958867-1	2013	Nicotine has been shown to speed attentional reorienting in cued target detection tasks, and work in young adults suggest that individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele might show greater sensitivity to the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	152-168
23958867-1	2013	Nicotine has been shown to speed attentional reorienting in cued target detection tasks, and work in young adults suggest that individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele might show greater sensitivity to the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	170-174
23958867-1	2013	Nicotine has been shown to speed attentional reorienting in cued target detection tasks, and work in young adults suggest that individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele might show greater sensitivity to the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	245-253	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	152-168
23958867-1	2013	Nicotine has been shown to speed attentional reorienting in cued target detection tasks, and work in young adults suggest that individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele might show greater sensitivity to the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	245-253	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	170-174
23958867-9	2013	These results are consistent with differential sensitivity to nicotine according to APOE status, possibly reflecting abnormal cholinergic function and accelerated cognitive ageing in mid-age e4+.	Nicotine	62-70	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	84-88
23817165-0	2013	Role of CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the rewarding, reinforcing, and physical effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	89-97	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	8-33
23817165-1	2013	This study was aimed to evaluate the involvement of CB2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2r) in the rewarding, reinforcing and motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	52-77
23817165-1	2013	This study was aimed to evaluate the involvement of CB2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2r) in the rewarding, reinforcing and motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	79-83
23817165-5	2013	CB2KO mice did not show nicotine-induced place conditioning and self-administered significantly less nicotine.	Nicotine	101-109	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	0-3
23817165-11	2013	These results suggest that CB2r play a relevant role in the rewarding, reinforcing, and motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	27-31
23681163-12	2013	Overall, TBA-1, CDC-42, EIF3.C, ARP-6, and Y45F10D.4 were the most reliable reference genes for mutigenerational nicotine-exposed study.	Nicotine	113-121	NifU_N domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	43-52
23830821-3	2013	We review what is known of the processes regulating nAChR assembly, degradation and trafficking, and how nicotine-induced modulation of these processes leads to nAChR up-regulation and changes in downstream neuronal plasticity at molecular, cellular and circuit level.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
24167564-5	2013	In neuronal cells, the presence of LRRK2(G2019S) pathological mutant determines increased extracellular dopamine levels either under basal conditions or upon nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	158-166	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
23692359-0	2013	CHRNA5-A3-B4 genetic variants alter nicotine intake and interact with tobacco use to influence body weight in Alaska Native tobacco users.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
23994388-0	2013	Long-term nicotine treatment suppresses IL-1beta release and attenuates substance P- and 5-HT-evoked Ca2+ responses in astrocytes.	Nicotine	10-18	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	40-48
23994388-0	2013	Long-term nicotine treatment suppresses IL-1beta release and attenuates substance P- and 5-HT-evoked Ca2+ responses in astrocytes.	Nicotine	10-18	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	72-83
23994388-1	2013	The aim of this study was to investigate whether short- or long-term nicotine treatment, had an influence on Ca(2+)-induced intracellular Ca(2+) release in astrocytes co-cultured with microvascular endothelial cells, and if the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) changed during this treatment.	Nicotine	69-77	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	239-256
23994388-1	2013	The aim of this study was to investigate whether short- or long-term nicotine treatment, had an influence on Ca(2+)-induced intracellular Ca(2+) release in astrocytes co-cultured with microvascular endothelial cells, and if the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) changed during this treatment.	Nicotine	69-77	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	258-266
23994388-4	2013	Furthermore, substance P- and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-evoked Ca(2+) transients were attenuated after 10d of nicotine treatment, but glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) had no effect on these transients.	Nicotine	111-119	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	13-24
23994388-5	2013	The results show that long-term nicotine treatment had no influence on nicotine-evoked Ca(2+) transients or protein expression of the alpha7-nAChR, but had with a decreased IL-1beta release.	Nicotine	32-40	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	173-181
23692359-3	2013	We investigated CHRNA5-A3-B4 haplotype structure and its association with nicotine intake and obesity in Alaska Native people.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-22
23692359-7	2013	In 290 Alaska Native tobacco users the "G" allele of rs578776, which tagged a 30 kb haplotype in CHRNA5-A3-B4, was prevalent (16%) and associated significantly with nicotine intake (20% higher plasma cotinine, P &lt; 0.001, 16% higher TNE, P = 0.076), while rs16969968 was not associated with nicotine intake.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-103
23692359-7	2013	In 290 Alaska Native tobacco users the "G" allele of rs578776, which tagged a 30 kb haplotype in CHRNA5-A3-B4, was prevalent (16%) and associated significantly with nicotine intake (20% higher plasma cotinine, P &lt; 0.001, 16% higher TNE, P = 0.076), while rs16969968 was not associated with nicotine intake.	Nicotine	293-301	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-103
23692359-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variants in CHRNA5-A3-B4 alter nicotine intake and body mass index in a population of Alaska Native people, who have a distinct haplotype structure, smoking behaviors and prevalence of obesity.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-39
23664126-0	2013	Intravenous prenatal nicotine exposure increases orexin expression in the lateral hypothalamus and orexin innervation of the ventral tegmental area in adult male rats.	Nicotine	21-29	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
23664126-0	2013	Intravenous prenatal nicotine exposure increases orexin expression in the lateral hypothalamus and orexin innervation of the ventral tegmental area in adult male rats.	Nicotine	21-29	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
24028591-0	2013	Neutral endopeptidase regulates neurogenic inflammatory responses induced by stimulation of human oral keratinocytes with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and nicotine.	Nicotine	155-163	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	0-21
24028591-8	2013	The concentrations of SP and IL-1beta were significantly increased in cells incubated with NEP inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, in cells incubated with ECE-1/NEP inhibitors, compared with controls (cells incubated with LPS or nicotine alone).	Nicotine	229-237	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	29-37
24062692-4	2013	Recently, variants in the nAChR genes CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 have been implicated in nicotine dependence and lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-52
23619603-11	2013	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 amplification was associated with nicotine and alcohol consumption, but was mutually exclusive with human papilloma virus infection.	Nicotine	70-78	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-35
23624811-5	2013	RESULTS: The objective of this review is to describe the multiple cellular pathways through which chronic nicotine exposure regulates nAChR expression, and to juxtapose these mechanisms with evidence for altered expression of high-affinity nAChRs in human psychiatric illness.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
23652588-0	2013	The cannabinoid CB2 receptor is necessary for nicotine-conditioned place preference, but not other behavioral effects of nicotine in mice.	Nicotine	46-54	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	16-19
23652588-2	2013	OBJECTIVE: Here, we evaluated the role of CB2 receptors in the rewarding properties of nicotine, as assessed in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal in nicotine dependent mice.	Nicotine	87-95	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	42-45
23652588-2	2013	OBJECTIVE: Here, we evaluated the role of CB2 receptors in the rewarding properties of nicotine, as assessed in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal in nicotine dependent mice.	Nicotine	204-212	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	42-45
23652588-3	2013	METHODS: Using complementary pharmacological and genetic approaches, we investigated the involvement of CB2 receptors in nicotine- and cocaine-induced CPP in mice and mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal in nicotine-dependent mice.	Nicotine	121-129	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	104-107
23652588-5	2013	RESULTS: Nicotine-induced (0.5 mg/kg) CPP was completely blocked by selective CB2 antagonist, SR144528 (3 mg/kg) in wild-type mice, and was absent in CB2 (-/-) mice.	Nicotine	9-17	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	78-81
23652588-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results indicate that CB2 receptors are required for nicotine-induced CPP in the mouse, while it is not involved in nicotine withdrawal or acute effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	86-94	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	55-58
23652588-10	2013	Moreover, these results suggest that CB2 receptors play opposing roles in nicotine- and cocaine-induced CPP.	Nicotine	74-82	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	37-40
23604333-2	2013	Moreover, the TT genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha3-subunit (CHRNA3) rs1051730 polymorphism has previously been associated with diminished PPI and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-65
23639433-0	2013	Ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment induce brain levels of CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 in African green monkeys.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
23639433-3	2013	The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment, alone and in combination, on brain CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 levels in monkeys.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	158-164
23639433-6	2013	Immunocytochemistry revealed induction of both CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 protein in certain brain regions and cells within monkey brain as a result of ethanol self-administration, nicotine treatment and combined exposure to both drugs.	Nicotine	172-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	58-64
23639433-7	2013	Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated CYP2B6 induction by ethanol in the caudate, putamen and cerebellum (1.5-3.2 fold, P &lt; 0.05), and CYP2E1 induction by nicotine in the frontal cortex and putamen (1.6-2.0 fold, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	157-165	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	137-143
23639433-8	2013	Combined ethanol and nicotine exposure induced CYP2B6 in the caudate, putamen, thalamus and cerebellum (1.4-2.4 fold, P &lt; 0.05), and CYP2E1 in the frontal cortex and putamen (1.5-1.8, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	21-29	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	136-142
23639433-10	2013	In summary, ethanol and nicotine can induce CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 protein in the primate brain, which could potentially result in altered sensitivity to centrally acting drugs and toxins.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	55-61
23744798-0	2013	Baseline dependency of nicotine"s sensory gating actions: similarities and differences in low, medium and high P50 suppressors.	Nicotine	23-31	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
23604333-2	2013	Moreover, the TT genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha3-subunit (CHRNA3) rs1051730 polymorphism has previously been associated with diminished PPI and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
23604333-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The present findings imply that the effect of nicotine on sensorimotor gating is modulated by nAChR alpha3-subunits.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	161-169	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	161-169	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	132-134
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	253-261	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	253-261	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	132-134
23966683-3	2013	The results demonstrated that nicotine exposure during gestation at low doses (0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg/d) significantly increased mRNA levels and density of neurons that express ENK in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala, OX, and another orexigenic peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus in preweanling offspring.	Nicotine	30-38	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	257-259
23966683-5	2013	Colabeling of the cell proliferation marker BrdU with the neuronal marker NeuN and peptides revealed a marked stimulatory effect of prenatal nicotine on neurogenesis, but not gliogenesis, and also on the number of newly generated neurons expressing ENK, OX, or melanin-concentrating hormone.	Nicotine	141-149	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	254-256
23748423-4	2013	Nicotine in the same plasma concentration range found in smokers increased the CD36(+)/CD14(+) cell population in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increased CD36 expression of human THP1 macrophages, and increased macrophage production of reactive oxygen species, PKCdelta phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression.	Nicotine	0-8	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	191-195
23748423-4	2013	Nicotine in the same plasma concentration range found in smokers increased the CD36(+)/CD14(+) cell population in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increased CD36 expression of human THP1 macrophages, and increased macrophage production of reactive oxygen species, PKCdelta phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	303-351
23748423-4	2013	Nicotine in the same plasma concentration range found in smokers increased the CD36(+)/CD14(+) cell population in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increased CD36 expression of human THP1 macrophages, and increased macrophage production of reactive oxygen species, PKCdelta phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	353-362
23748423-5	2013	Nicotine-induced CD36 expression was suppressed by antioxidants and by specific PKCdelta and PPARgamma inhibitors, implicating mechanistic roles for these intermediates.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	93-102
23748423-9	2013	Treatment of apoE-/- mice with nicotine markedly exacerbated inflammatory monocyte levels and atherosclerotic plaque accumulation, effects that were not seen in CD36-/- apoE-/- mice.	Nicotine	31-39	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	13-17
23748423-9	2013	Treatment of apoE-/- mice with nicotine markedly exacerbated inflammatory monocyte levels and atherosclerotic plaque accumulation, effects that were not seen in CD36-/- apoE-/- mice.	Nicotine	31-39	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	169-173
23574176-5	2013	This review highlights the important preclinical findings involving nAChR ligands in regulating nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drug-induced neurobiological changes in animal models and humans.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
23562218-0	2013	Nicotine in cigarettes promotes chromogranin A production by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	32-46
23562218-4	2013	To investigate the influence of nicotine on periodontal tissue, we measured ChgA production in nicotine-treated periodontal ligament fibroblasts.	Nicotine	95-103	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	76-80
23562218-10	2013	In the nicotine-treated HPdLF group, the ChgA mRNA expression level, protein production, and immunostaining-positive rate increased, and the levels were higher in the cells treated with 10nM nicotine corresponding to passive smoking than in the cells treated with 100nM nicotine corresponding to active smoking.	Nicotine	7-15	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	41-45
23562218-10	2013	In the nicotine-treated HPdLF group, the ChgA mRNA expression level, protein production, and immunostaining-positive rate increased, and the levels were higher in the cells treated with 10nM nicotine corresponding to passive smoking than in the cells treated with 100nM nicotine corresponding to active smoking.	Nicotine	191-199	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	41-45
23562218-10	2013	In the nicotine-treated HPdLF group, the ChgA mRNA expression level, protein production, and immunostaining-positive rate increased, and the levels were higher in the cells treated with 10nM nicotine corresponding to passive smoking than in the cells treated with 100nM nicotine corresponding to active smoking.	Nicotine	191-199	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	41-45
23562218-11	2013	CONCLUSION: Human periodontal ligament-derived fibroblasts (HPdLF) produced ChgA, and nicotine increased ChgA production.	Nicotine	86-94	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	105-109
23697901-9	2013	These results show that chronic daily nicotine administration is a robust zeitgeber that dose-dependently entrains a nonphotic oscillator system that includes opioid, orexin, and glutamate pathways.	Nicotine	38-46	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	167-173
23458267-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Common variants in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster have been shown to be associated with nicotine dependence and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and related traits, including the level of response (LR) to alcohol.	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-41
23458267-2	2013	Recently, rare variants (MAF &lt; 0.05) in CHRNB4 have been reported to be associated with a decreased risk of developing nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	122-130	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
23801676-3	2013	We also present a receptor blocking study in a nicotine subject dosed with the alpha4beta2-nAChR-selective partial agonist varenicline.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
23386463-7	2013	For ALP staining, we found that BMSCs treated with 50 and 100 ng/ml nicotine showed a higher activity compared with the control, and decreased at the 1,000 ng/ml.	Nicotine	68-76	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	4-7
23386463-9	2013	By real-time PCR, we detected that the mRNA expression of collagen type I (COL-I) and ALP were also increased in 50 and 100 ng/ml nicotine groups (P &lt; 0.05), while reduced at 1,000 ng/ml (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	130-138	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	86-89
23545467-6	2013	In the medial habenula, alpha5-containing, alpha3-containing, and beta4-containing nAChRs were shown to be crucially important in the regulation of the aversive aspects of nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	43-49
23884938-2	2013	The prototypical agonist nicotine acts intracellularly to upregulate many nAChR subtypes, a phenomenon that is thought to contribute to the nicotine dependence of cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
23503685-2	2013	Chronic nicotine administration in rats decreases the expression of the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and cysteine-glutamate exchanger (system xC-) in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	8-16	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-95
23503685-2	2013	Chronic nicotine administration in rats decreases the expression of the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and cysteine-glutamate exchanger (system xC-) in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	8-16	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
23199342-8	2013	Resveratrol and Ad-SIRT1 inhibited nicotine and LPS-mediated protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p38, ERK, JNK, MAPK and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation.	Nicotine	35-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	128-131
23518606-4	2013	In addition, relapse to nicotine-seeking increased the phosphorylation levels of GluR2-Ser880, NR1-Ser890, and p38 MAPK in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not in the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	24-32	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
23884938-2	2013	The prototypical agonist nicotine acts intracellularly to upregulate many nAChR subtypes, a phenomenon that is thought to contribute to the nicotine dependence of cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
23884938-8	2013	Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of nicotine-induced alpha3beta4 nAChR upregulation that may be relevant also for other nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
23884938-8	2013	Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of nicotine-induced alpha3beta4 nAChR upregulation that may be relevant also for other nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
23869214-1	2013	Human genetic association studies have shown gene variants in the alpha5 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) influence both ethanol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	151-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
23869214-11	2013	Additionally, the alpha5alpha4* nAChR in VTA dopaminergic neurons regulates the effect of nicotine but not ethanol on currents.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
23535252-0	2013	Effects of COMT genotype on sensory gating and its modulation by nicotine: Differences in low and high P50 suppressors.	Nicotine	65-73	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
23875064-1	2013	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster on chromosome 15q25.1 encoding the cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunits is robustly associated with smoking behavior and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
23618901-14	2013	In contrast, nicotine inhibited VEGF release by HFL-1 in a dose and time dependent manner.	Nicotine	13-21	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	32-36
23529585-10	2013	The HNSCCs of patients with a positive history for alcohol and nicotine abuse showed higher TCF21 protein expression levels than their respective counterparts (p = 0.028 and p = 0.062, respectively).	Nicotine	63-71	transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	92-97
23785432-0	2013	Prenatal nicotine and maternal deprivation stress de-regulate the development of CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus neurons in hippocampus of infant rats.	Nicotine	9-17	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
23529585-13	2013	The methylation frequencies of TCF21 were found to be significantly higher in tumors of patients without nicotine abuse (p = 0.030), in HPV-positive tumors (p = 0.014) and in tumors exhibiting over-expression of p16, a protein induced by HPV (p = 0.006).	Nicotine	105-113	transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	31-36
23529585-16	2013	These epigenetic, and possibly also genetic, alterations of the TCF21 gene in HNSCCs may be driven by HPV infection, nicotine and alcohol abuse, or both.	Nicotine	117-125	transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	64-69
23543412-7	2013	Challenge with nicotine triggered phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the thymoma viral proto-oncogene (Akt), followed by activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
23529162-1	2013	Perinatal nicotine exposure caused a sex-dependent heightened vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II) and increased blood pressure in adult male but not in female rat offspring.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	83-97
23529162-1	2013	Perinatal nicotine exposure caused a sex-dependent heightened vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II) and increased blood pressure in adult male but not in female rat offspring.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
23529162-2	2013	The present study tested the hypothesis that estrogen normalizes perinatal nicotine-induced hypertensive response to Ang II in female offspring.	Nicotine	75-83	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	117-123
23529162-6	2013	In contrast, nicotine significantly enhanced Ang II-induced blood pressure responses as compared with saline control in the ovariectomy groups, which was associated with increased Ang II-induced vascular contractions.	Nicotine	13-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	45-51
23529162-6	2013	In contrast, nicotine significantly enhanced Ang II-induced blood pressure responses as compared with saline control in the ovariectomy groups, which was associated with increased Ang II-induced vascular contractions.	Nicotine	13-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	180-186
23529162-8	2013	In addition, nicotine enhanced Ang II receptor type I, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase type 2 protein expressions, and reactive oxygen species production of aortas as compared with saline control in the ovariectomy groups.	Nicotine	13-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
23543412-0	2013	Nicotine-induced structural plasticity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons is mediated by dopamine D3 receptors and Akt-mTORC1 signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	118-121
23067581-0	2013	Nicotine induces chromatin remodelling through decreases in the methyltransferases GLP, G9a, Setdb1 and levels of H3K9me2.	Nicotine	0-8	SET domain, bifurcated 1	Mus musculus	93-99
23067581-5	2013	There was a significant decrease of the HMT GLP, G9a and Setdb1 mRNA expression in the nicotine-treated tissue examined, with significant decreases seen in both total and promoter-specific H3K9me2 levels.	Nicotine	87-95	SET domain, bifurcated 1	Mus musculus	57-63
23543412-7	2013	Challenge with nicotine triggered phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the thymoma viral proto-oncogene (Akt), followed by activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	57-94
23543412-7	2013	Challenge with nicotine triggered phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the thymoma viral proto-oncogene (Akt), followed by activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase.	Nicotine	15-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
22773025-0	2013	Low-dose nicotine facilitates spatial memory in ApoE-knockout mice in the radial arm maze.	Nicotine	9-17	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	48-52
23543412-11	2013	These findings indicate that nicotine-induced structural plasticity at mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons involves alpha4beta2 nAChRs together with dopamine D3R-mediated recruitment of ERK/Akt-mTORC1 signaling.	Nicotine	29-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	185-188
22773025-5	2013	The results were that 0.1 mg/kg nicotine decreased errors in ApoE-KO mice, while 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg nicotine reduced errors in WT mice, indicating that lower doses of nicotine elicit a memory improvement.	Nicotine	32-40	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	61-65
22773025-10	2013	In ApoE-KO mice, nicotine improves memory at a low dose and has no effect at a higher dose, suggesting that the ApoE deficiency may influence the efficacy of nicotine.	Nicotine	17-25	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	3-7
22773025-10	2013	In ApoE-KO mice, nicotine improves memory at a low dose and has no effect at a higher dose, suggesting that the ApoE deficiency may influence the efficacy of nicotine.	Nicotine	17-25	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	112-116
22773025-10	2013	In ApoE-KO mice, nicotine improves memory at a low dose and has no effect at a higher dose, suggesting that the ApoE deficiency may influence the efficacy of nicotine.	Nicotine	158-166	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	112-116
23543412-11	2013	These findings indicate that nicotine-induced structural plasticity at mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons involves alpha4beta2 nAChRs together with dopamine D3R-mediated recruitment of ERK/Akt-mTORC1 signaling.	Nicotine	29-37	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	189-192
23500635-6	2013	Nicotine increased OxR1 in the DMN (P&lt;0.001) and SONr (P=0.036), and OxR2 in the DMN (P&lt;0.001), VMN (P=0.014) and the TMN (P=0.026).	Nicotine	0-8	oxidation resistance 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
23671067-9	2013	In support of this hypothesis, we found that pharmacological inhibition of GluN2A with 3-Chloro-4-fluoro-N-[4-[[2-(phenylcarbonyl)hydrazino]carbonyl]benzyl]benzenesulfonamide (TCN-201) or GluN2B with ifenprodil abolished reinstated nicotine seeking.	Nicotine	232-240	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
23671067-10	2013	These results indicate that up-regulated GluN2A, GluN2B, and rapid synaptic potentiation in the accumbens contribute to cue-induced relapse to nicotine use.	Nicotine	143-151	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	41-47
23717691-8	2013	Nicotine activated STAT3 in macrophages in long-term culture.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
23535606-11	2013	The nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and phosphorylation of both phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and Akt increased; nicotine also augmented these increases.	Nicotine	130-138	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	115-118
23535606-14	2013	Furthermore, zinc protoporphyrin, an HO-1 inhibitor, also reversed the observed effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	91-99	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
23216389-0	2013	Genome-wide significant association signals in IPO11-HTR1A region specific for alcohol and nicotine codependence.	Nicotine	91-99	importin 11	Homo sapiens	47-52
23216389-7	2013	RESULTS: We identified a significant risk region for alcohol and nicotine codependence between IPO11 and HTR1A on chromosome 5q that was reported to be suggestively associated with alcohol dependence previously.	Nicotine	65-73	importin 11	Homo sapiens	95-100
23216389-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that this IPO11-HTR1A region might harbor a causal variant for alcohol and nicotine codependence.	Nicotine	101-109	importin 11	Homo sapiens	36-41
23500520-0	2013	Angiotensin II-mediated vascular changes in aged offspring rats exposed to perinatal nicotine.	Nicotine	85-93	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
23724059-6	2013	Previous studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPARalpha), nuclear receptor transcription factors, suppress nicotine-induced behavioral and electrophysiological effects by modulating nAChRs containing beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	147-155	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	86-95
23724059-7	2013	On these bases, we tested whether PPARalpha agonists were protective against nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	77-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	34-43
23724059-14	2013	We found that both acute and chronic treatment with PPARalpha agonists abolished nicotine-induced sIPSC increases.	Nicotine	81-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	52-61
23535606-0	2013	Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway by nicotine attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via heme oxygenase-1 induction.	Nicotine	59-67	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	119-135
23535606-11	2013	The nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and phosphorylation of both phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and Akt increased; nicotine also augmented these increases.	Nicotine	130-138	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	29-51
23500635-11	2013	IHH induced increases were specific to arousal and stress related regions and nic+IHH results suggest that for OxR1, nicotine has no additive effect whereas for OxR2 it does, and is region dependent.	Nicotine	117-125	oxidation resistance 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
23192567-5	2013	NaHS blocked nicotine and LPS-induced activation of p38, ERK, MKP-1, PI3K, PKC, and PKC isoenzymes, and NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	52-55
23290502-0	2013	Serotonin transporter and receptor genes significantly impact nicotine dependence through genetic interactions in both European American and African American smokers.	Nicotine	62-70	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
23290502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic studies implicate a significant role of genes encoding the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and the 5-HT3AB subunits HTR3A and HTR3B in nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	160-168	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	85-106
23290502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic studies implicate a significant role of genes encoding the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and the 5-HT3AB subunits HTR3A and HTR3B in nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	160-168	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	108-114
23290502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic studies implicate a significant role of genes encoding the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and the 5-HT3AB subunits HTR3A and HTR3B in nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	160-168	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	141-146
23553665-8	2013	In addition, rs755203 and rs1044397 in CHRNA4 were associated with nicotine dependence in healthy controls.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
23553665-10	2013	In addition, rs755203 and rs1044397 in CHRNA4 might play a role in the pathophysiology of nicotine dependence in healthy controls in the Japanese population.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
23192567-5	2013	NaHS blocked nicotine and LPS-induced activation of p38, ERK, MKP-1, PI3K, PKC, and PKC isoenzymes, and NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
23192567-5	2013	NaHS blocked nicotine and LPS-induced activation of p38, ERK, MKP-1, PI3K, PKC, and PKC isoenzymes, and NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	13-21	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
23192567-6	2013	The effects of H(2)S on nicotine- and LPS-induced osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation were remarkably reversed by MKP-1 enzyme inhibitor (vanadate) and expression inhibitor (triptolide).	Nicotine	24-32	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
23399701-7	2013	Nicotine (at 100 and 1000muM) was able to stimulate S100B secretion in astrocyte cultures.	Nicotine	0-8	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	52-57
23479730-5	2013	Sustained exposure of Abeta(1-42) to alpha4beta2 nAChR-transfected cells for several days led to increased Ca(2+) responses on subsequent acute stimulation with Abeta(1-42) or nicotine, paralleled by increased expression levels of alpha4beta2 nAChRs, likely the result of enhanced receptor recycling.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
23586521-8	2013	Could the coexpression of RIC-3 modulate the extent of nicotine-induced upregulation not only for alpha7 receptors but also alpha4beta2 receptors?	Nicotine	55-63	RIC3 acetylcholine receptor chaperone	Homo sapiens	26-31
23641218-8	2013	In addition, ethanol potentiates distinct nAChR subtype responses to ACh and nicotine in vitro and in DAergic neurons.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
23586521-13	2013	Surprisingly, when RIC-3 was coexpressed with alpha4beta2 receptors nicotine-induced upregulation was prevented.	Nicotine	68-76	RIC3 acetylcholine receptor chaperone	Homo sapiens	19-24
23586521-16	2013	These results also show that nicotine-mediated upregulation of alpha4beta2 receptors can be dynamically regulated by the presence of the chaperone, RIC-3.	Nicotine	29-37	RIC3 acetylcholine receptor chaperone	Homo sapiens	148-153
26105867-12	2013	CONCLUSION: Nicotine exposure in pregnancy increases nAChR subunit mRNAs that play a role in vasoconstriction and amino acid uptake, possibly contributing to abnormalities in placentas from smoking mothers.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
22614999-0	2013	Nicotine enhances proliferation, migration, and radioresistance of human malignant glioma cells through EGFR activation.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	104-108
22614999-7	2013	Nicotine increased phosphorylation of EGFR(tyr992), AKT(ser473), and ERK.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	38-42
22614999-7	2013	Nicotine increased phosphorylation of EGFR(tyr992), AKT(ser473), and ERK.	Nicotine	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
22614999-7	2013	Nicotine increased phosphorylation of EGFR(tyr992), AKT(ser473), and ERK.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
22614999-9	2013	It was therefore concluded that nicotine stimulates the malignant behavior of glioma cells in vitro by activation of the EGFR and downstream AKT and ERK pathways.	Nicotine	32-40	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	121-125
22614999-9	2013	It was therefore concluded that nicotine stimulates the malignant behavior of glioma cells in vitro by activation of the EGFR and downstream AKT and ERK pathways.	Nicotine	32-40	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
22614999-9	2013	It was therefore concluded that nicotine stimulates the malignant behavior of glioma cells in vitro by activation of the EGFR and downstream AKT and ERK pathways.	Nicotine	32-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	149-152
23275008-7	2013	Moreover, BCX supplementation restored the nicotine-suppressed expression of lung SIRT1, p53, and RAR-beta to that of the control group, increased survival probability, and decreased the levels of lung il-6 mRNA and phosphorylation of AKT.	Nicotine	43-51	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	235-238
23443505-0	2013	Nicotine favors osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament cells co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells by upregulating IL-1beta.	Nicotine	0-8	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	88-91
23443505-0	2013	Nicotine favors osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament cells co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells by upregulating IL-1beta.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	119-127
23443505-6	2013	In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) through which nicotine affects osteoclastogenesis in human PDL cells co-cultured/non-co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells.	Nicotine	62-70	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	150-153
23443505-8	2013	Compared with mono-culture systems, stimulation with nicotine caused an increased secretion of IL-1beta in serum of human PDL cell-CD4(+) T cell co-culture, and the expression of RANKL in human PDL cells was further upregulated co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, while no differences were observed in the expression of OPG between the co-culture and mono-culture systems.	Nicotine	53-61	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	95-103
23443505-8	2013	Compared with mono-culture systems, stimulation with nicotine caused an increased secretion of IL-1beta in serum of human PDL cell-CD4(+) T cell co-culture, and the expression of RANKL in human PDL cells was further upregulated co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, while no differences were observed in the expression of OPG between the co-culture and mono-culture systems.	Nicotine	53-61	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	131-134
23443505-8	2013	Compared with mono-culture systems, stimulation with nicotine caused an increased secretion of IL-1beta in serum of human PDL cell-CD4(+) T cell co-culture, and the expression of RANKL in human PDL cells was further upregulated co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, while no differences were observed in the expression of OPG between the co-culture and mono-culture systems.	Nicotine	53-61	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	245-248
23443505-9	2013	Our data suggested that nicotine upregulated IL-1beta secretion, further upregulated RANKL expression in smoking-associated periodontitis, which may aid in the better understanding of the relationship between nicotine and alveolar bone resorption.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	45-53
23443505-9	2013	Our data suggested that nicotine upregulated IL-1beta secretion, further upregulated RANKL expression in smoking-associated periodontitis, which may aid in the better understanding of the relationship between nicotine and alveolar bone resorption.	Nicotine	209-217	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	45-53
23125003-9	2013	The down-regulation of MMP and TIMP expression by nicotine shown in our in vitro experiment might deteriorate normal metabolism of the tendon.	Nicotine	50-58	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
23351035-0	2013	Nicotine-motivated behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans requires the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits acr-5 and acr-15.	Nicotine	0-8	AcetylCholine Receptor	Caenorhabditis elegans	119-125
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	164-169
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	367-372
23431131-8	2013	Inhibition of emc-6 also reduced the expression of homomeric nicotine-sensitive AChRs and GABAA receptors in C. elegans muscle cells.	Nicotine	61-69	ER membrane protein complex subunit 6	Caenorhabditis elegans	14-19
23201359-2	2013	Nicotine - a nonspecific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist - improves vigilance in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients as measured by continuous performance tests (CPTs), but the nAChR mediating this effect remains unclear.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-57
23201359-2	2013	Nicotine - a nonspecific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist - improves vigilance in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients as measured by continuous performance tests (CPTs), but the nAChR mediating this effect remains unclear.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
23201359-10	2013	The similarity of nicotine and ABT-418 effects provides support for an alpha4beta2 nAChR mechanism of action for nicotine-induced improvement in attention/vigilance.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
23146955-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure in vitro to nicotine for 7 days inhibited the gemcitabine-induced reduction in viable cells, gemcitabine-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduced expression of cleaved caspase-3 while inducing the phosphorylation of signalling proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), v-akt thymoma viral oncogene homolog (protein kinase B, AKT) and Src.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	255-292
23146955-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure in vitro to nicotine for 7 days inhibited the gemcitabine-induced reduction in viable cells, gemcitabine-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduced expression of cleaved caspase-3 while inducing the phosphorylation of signalling proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), v-akt thymoma viral oncogene homolog (protein kinase B, AKT) and Src.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	294-297
23146955-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure in vitro to nicotine for 7 days inhibited the gemcitabine-induced reduction in viable cells, gemcitabine-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduced expression of cleaved caspase-3 while inducing the phosphorylation of signalling proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), v-akt thymoma viral oncogene homolog (protein kinase B, AKT) and Src.	Nicotine	30-38	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	302-305
23146955-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure in vitro to nicotine for 7 days inhibited the gemcitabine-induced reduction in viable cells, gemcitabine-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduced expression of cleaved caspase-3 while inducing the phosphorylation of signalling proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), v-akt thymoma viral oncogene homolog (protein kinase B, AKT) and Src.	Nicotine	30-38	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	356-359
23313596-0	2013	Nicotine promotes survival of cells expressing amyloid precursor protein and presenilin: implication for Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	47-72
22751493-2	2013	This nicotine addiction is mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), expressed on most neurons, and also many other organs in the body.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
22751493-2	2013	This nicotine addiction is mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), expressed on most neurons, and also many other organs in the body.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
23232444-0	2013	APOE E4 Carriers show prospective memory enhancement under nicotine, and evidence for specialisation within medial BA10.	Nicotine	59-67	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-4
23232444-5	2013	Nicotine effects varied according to APOE status.	Nicotine	0-8	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	37-41
23232444-13	2013	These results demonstrate that cognitive enhancement by nicotine can selectively benefit APOE e4 carriers, and point to genotype-specific differences in neural activity during PM.	Nicotine	56-64	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	89-93
23037950-0	2013	Possible association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in Japanese males: an exploratory study.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-69
23030247-6	2013	Furthermore, their osteogenic differentiation capabilities were reduced in the presence of nicotine as evidenced by gene expression (RUNX2, ALPL, BGLAP, COL1A1, and COL1A2), calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity analyses.	Nicotine	91-99	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
23030247-6	2013	Furthermore, their osteogenic differentiation capabilities were reduced in the presence of nicotine as evidenced by gene expression (RUNX2, ALPL, BGLAP, COL1A1, and COL1A2), calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity analyses.	Nicotine	91-99	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	146-151
23030247-6	2013	Furthermore, their osteogenic differentiation capabilities were reduced in the presence of nicotine as evidenced by gene expression (RUNX2, ALPL, BGLAP, COL1A1, and COL1A2), calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity analyses.	Nicotine	91-99	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	165-171
23169348-1	2013	Cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB(1)) have an important role in nicotine reward and their function is disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting nicotine-induced alterations in endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling.	Nicotine	58-66	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-23
23169348-1	2013	Cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB(1)) have an important role in nicotine reward and their function is disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting nicotine-induced alterations in endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling.	Nicotine	58-66	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
23169348-1	2013	Cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB(1)) have an important role in nicotine reward and their function is disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting nicotine-induced alterations in endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling.	Nicotine	117-125	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-23
23169348-1	2013	Cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB(1)) have an important role in nicotine reward and their function is disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting nicotine-induced alterations in endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling.	Nicotine	117-125	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
23169348-1	2013	Cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB(1)) have an important role in nicotine reward and their function is disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting nicotine-induced alterations in endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling.	Nicotine	117-125	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-23
23169348-1	2013	Cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB(1)) have an important role in nicotine reward and their function is disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting nicotine-induced alterations in endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling.	Nicotine	117-125	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
23222296-4	2013	Nicotine increased the production of ACh in human BACs, and ACh acts as a growth factor for these cells.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 27 member 5	Homo sapiens	50-54
23204070-4	2013	We show that nicotine activates the Wnt3a signal pathway, which leads to the translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus and activation of beta-catenin/Tcf-dependent transcription in the human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) line.	Nicotine	13-21	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	155-158
23204070-6	2013	We also noted that the release of TGF-beta(1) from these cells was stimulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-45
23204070-8	2013	Furthermore, specific knockdown of TGF-beta(1) with TGF-beta(1) siRNA partially prevented nicotine-induced EMT, suggesting that TGF-beta(1) has a role in nicotine-mediated EMT in HBECs.	Nicotine	90-98	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	35-46
23204070-8	2013	Furthermore, specific knockdown of TGF-beta(1) with TGF-beta(1) siRNA partially prevented nicotine-induced EMT, suggesting that TGF-beta(1) has a role in nicotine-mediated EMT in HBECs.	Nicotine	90-98	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
23204070-8	2013	Furthermore, specific knockdown of TGF-beta(1) with TGF-beta(1) siRNA partially prevented nicotine-induced EMT, suggesting that TGF-beta(1) has a role in nicotine-mediated EMT in HBECs.	Nicotine	90-98	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
23204070-8	2013	Furthermore, specific knockdown of TGF-beta(1) with TGF-beta(1) siRNA partially prevented nicotine-induced EMT, suggesting that TGF-beta(1) has a role in nicotine-mediated EMT in HBECs.	Nicotine	154-162	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	35-46
23204070-8	2013	Furthermore, specific knockdown of TGF-beta(1) with TGF-beta(1) siRNA partially prevented nicotine-induced EMT, suggesting that TGF-beta(1) has a role in nicotine-mediated EMT in HBECs.	Nicotine	154-162	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
23204070-8	2013	Furthermore, specific knockdown of TGF-beta(1) with TGF-beta(1) siRNA partially prevented nicotine-induced EMT, suggesting that TGF-beta(1) has a role in nicotine-mediated EMT in HBECs.	Nicotine	154-162	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
23142498-0	2013	NF-kappaB pathway mediates vascular smooth muscle response to nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
23142498-4	2013	Nicotine-induced effects were observed in SMCs by both monoculture and co-culture with the 3 mum-pore size, including the phosphorylation of IKK and IkappaB, the shift of transcription factor NF-kappaB, and the enhancement of SMC cytoskeleton protein expression and migration ability, but none were observed by co-culture with the 0.4 mum-pore size.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	192-201
23142498-7	2013	The results imply that nicotine induces SMC cytoskeleton protein up-expression and migration via the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and that EC-SMC crosstalk via CAM facilitates its response to nicotine.	Nicotine	23-31	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	101-110
23110878-5	2013	During the amygdala reactivity paradigm, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation by nicotine and varenicline decreased reaction time (RT) in abstinent smokers but not in nonsmokers.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
22878868-0	2013	Nicotine treatment improves Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 9 responsiveness in active pulmonary sarcoidosis.	Nicotine	0-8	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	28-48
22878868-8	2013	Nicotine treatment was associated with restoration of TLR2 and TLR9 responsiveness, and expansion of Tregs, including the CD4 1 CD25 2 FoxP3 1 phenotype.	Nicotine	0-8	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
22878868-8	2013	Nicotine treatment was associated with restoration of TLR2 and TLR9 responsiveness, and expansion of Tregs, including the CD4 1 CD25 2 FoxP3 1 phenotype.	Nicotine	0-8	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	122-125
22878868-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine treatment in active pulmonary sarcoidosis was well tolerated and restored peripheral immune responsiveness to TLR2 and TLR9 agonists and expansion of FoxP3 1 Tregs, including a specific "preactivated" (CD25 2 ) phenotype.	Nicotine	13-21	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
23110878-5	2013	During the amygdala reactivity paradigm, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation by nicotine and varenicline decreased reaction time (RT) in abstinent smokers but not in nonsmokers.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
23028093-2	2013	Of 51 genes expressed in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathways, mRNA expression of 15 genes in RAW264.7 cells was attenuated by nicotine, of which mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta was confirmed to be attenuated in peritoneal macrophages.	Nicotine	158-166	DEXH (Asp-Glu-X-His) box polypeptide 58	Mus musculus	58-77
23737837-3	2013	Embryos exposed to nicotine (1 mM) exhibited severe morphological anomalies and apoptotic cell death, as well as increased levels of TNF- alpha , IL-1 beta , and caspase 3 mRNAs, and lipid peroxidation.	Nicotine	19-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	133-143
23737837-3	2013	Embryos exposed to nicotine (1 mM) exhibited severe morphological anomalies and apoptotic cell death, as well as increased levels of TNF- alpha , IL-1 beta , and caspase 3 mRNAs, and lipid peroxidation.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	146-155
23219715-0	2013	Enhancement of cancer stem-like and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation property in oral epithelial cells with long-term nicotine exposure: reversal by targeting SNAIL.	Nicotine	129-137	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
23219715-8	2013	Knockdown of Snail in long-term nicotine-treated OE cells was found to reduce their CSCs properties.	Nicotine	32-40	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
23219715-9	2013	Therapeutic delivery of Si-Snail significantly blocked the xenograft tumorigenesis of long-term nicotine-treated OSCC cells and largely significantly improved the recipient survival.	Nicotine	96-104	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
22750421-9	2013	Neostigmine (10 mumol l(-1)), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, mimicked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	89-97	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	33-53
22750421-10	2013	These results demonstrate that nicotine and endogenous ACh enhance the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs of IA-AVPNs and cause a postsynaptic excitatory current and that the nicotinic effects are mediated presynaptically by activation of the alpha4beta2 type of nAChR and postsynaptically by activation of multiple nAChRs, including alpha7 and alpha4beta2 types.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	270-275
22945906-7	2013	In addition, nicotine caused a dose-dependent decrease in alizarin red staining for calcium and staining for ALP.	Nicotine	13-21	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	109-112
22898831-0	2013	Nicotine up-regulated 4-1BBL expression by activating Mek-PI3K pathway augments the efficacy of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell vaccination.	Nicotine	0-8	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	22-28
22898831-0	2013	Nicotine up-regulated 4-1BBL expression by activating Mek-PI3K pathway augments the efficacy of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell vaccination.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	54-57
22898831-1	2013	PURPOSE: To explore the role of 4-1BBL in nicotine-treated immature dendritic cells (imDCs) mediated anti-tumor effects.	Nicotine	42-50	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	32-38
22898831-3	2013	Then, the roles of 4-1BBL in nicotine-augmented DCs-dependent T cell proliferation, CTL priming and anti-tumor effects were investigated by BrdU cell proliferation assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay and in vivo preventive effect on tumor development, respectively.	Nicotine	29-37	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	19-25
22898831-4	2013	Finally, using relative kinase inhibitors, the mechanism of 4-1BBL up-regulation by nicotine stimulation and the roles of Mek-PI3K signal pathways in nicotine-augmented DCs-dependent T cell proliferation were explored by Western blot and BrdU cell proliferation assay, respectively.	Nicotine	84-92	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	60-66
22898831-5	2013	RESULTS: Firstly, nicotine could up-regulate 4-1BBL expression in both protein and mRNA levels.	Nicotine	18-26	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	45-51
22898831-6	2013	Secondly, the effects of nicotine-augmented DCs-dependent T-cell proliferation, CTL priming and anti-tumor effects could be significantly abolished by blocking CD80, CD86 and 4-1BBL activity, respectively.	Nicotine	25-33	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	175-181
22898831-8	2013	Importantly, nicotine-induced 4-1BBL up-regulation could be decreased by the usage of Mek-PI3K pathway kinase inhibitors.	Nicotine	13-21	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	30-36
22898831-8	2013	Importantly, nicotine-induced 4-1BBL up-regulation could be decreased by the usage of Mek-PI3K pathway kinase inhibitors.	Nicotine	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	86-89
22898831-9	2013	The pre-treatment of Mek-p38-PI3K kinase inhibitors could obviously abolish nicotine-augmented DCs-dependent T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	76-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	21-24
22898831-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: CD80/CD86 and 4-1BBL are critical for nicotine augmented DCs-mediated anti-tumor effects.	Nicotine	51-59	TNF superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	27-33
23028093-2	2013	Of 51 genes expressed in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathways, mRNA expression of 15 genes in RAW264.7 cells was attenuated by nicotine, of which mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta was confirmed to be attenuated in peritoneal macrophages.	Nicotine	158-166	DEXH (Asp-Glu-X-His) box polypeptide 58	Mus musculus	79-82
23028093-2	2013	Of 51 genes expressed in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathways, mRNA expression of 15 genes in RAW264.7 cells was attenuated by nicotine, of which mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta was confirmed to be attenuated in peritoneal macrophages.	Nicotine	158-166	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	196-200
23028093-2	2013	Of 51 genes expressed in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathways, mRNA expression of 15 genes in RAW264.7 cells was attenuated by nicotine, of which mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta was confirmed to be attenuated in peritoneal macrophages.	Nicotine	158-166	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	202-211
23028093-2	2013	Of 51 genes expressed in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathways, mRNA expression of 15 genes in RAW264.7 cells was attenuated by nicotine, of which mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta was confirmed to be attenuated in peritoneal macrophages.	Nicotine	158-166	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	217-225
23028093-3	2013	Concurrently, nicotine treatment attenuated the release of IL-6 and TNF-alpha from poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages.	Nicotine	14-22	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	59-63
23028093-3	2013	Concurrently, nicotine treatment attenuated the release of IL-6 and TNF-alpha from poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages.	Nicotine	14-22	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	68-77
23028093-4	2013	However, when poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages were challenged with nicotine plus alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX), secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was found to be in a level seen with poly(I:C) stimulation only, indicating that alpha7-nAChR, a highly Ca(2+) permeable ion channel sensitive to blockade by alpha-BTX, is involved in this process.	Nicotine	68-76	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	127-131
23028093-4	2013	However, when poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages were challenged with nicotine plus alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX), secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was found to be in a level seen with poly(I:C) stimulation only, indicating that alpha7-nAChR, a highly Ca(2+) permeable ion channel sensitive to blockade by alpha-BTX, is involved in this process.	Nicotine	68-76	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	136-145
22884254-0	2013	Association of nicotine dependence susceptibility gene, CHRNA5, with Parkinson"s disease age at onset: gene and smoking status interaction.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-62
22809709-4	2013	We report nicotine-induced normalization of effects on locomotion and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI) in DAT KO mice that require intact serotonin 5-HT1A systems.	Nicotine	10-18	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	161-167
22809709-6	2013	This nicotine effect was blocked by pretreatment with the non-specific nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor antagonist mecamylamine, or the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY100635.	Nicotine	5-13	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	143-149
22809709-12	2013	These data support the idea that nicotine might ameliorate some of the cognitive dysfunctions found in schizophrenia in a 5-HT1A-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	33-41	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	122-128
23201341-5	2013	In contrast, when untransfected SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to nicotine, the levels of both alpha3 nAChR mRNA and protein were enhanced; while the levels of BACE1 mRNA and protein were diminished and the corresponding levels of BACE2 enhanced; and the level of Abeta in the culture medium was attenuated.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
23201341-5	2013	In contrast, when untransfected SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to nicotine, the levels of both alpha3 nAChR mRNA and protein were enhanced; while the levels of BACE1 mRNA and protein were diminished and the corresponding levels of BACE2 enhanced; and the level of Abeta in the culture medium was attenuated.	Nicotine	62-70	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
23201341-5	2013	In contrast, when untransfected SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to nicotine, the levels of both alpha3 nAChR mRNA and protein were enhanced; while the levels of BACE1 mRNA and protein were diminished and the corresponding levels of BACE2 enhanced; and the level of Abeta in the culture medium was attenuated.	Nicotine	62-70	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	260-265
23821941-9	2013	Apart from them, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, cytosolic aldehyde oxidase, amine N-methyltransferase, and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 are involved in the decomposition of nicotine.	Nicotine	177-185	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	57-73
23555029-12	2013	Nicotine increased CA II expression although decreased the expression of V-ATPase d2 and the distribution of F-actin.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	19-24
23966848-2	2013	Recent data have led to a debate about the principal pathway of nicotine action: direct stimulation of the DAergic cells through nAChR activation, or disinhibition mediated through desensitization of nAChRs on GABAergic interneurons.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
23308091-0	2013	A complex interplay between personality domains, marital status and a variant in CHRNA5 on the risks of cocaine, nicotine dependences and cocaine-induced paranoia.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
22571166-5	2012	RESULTS:   LPS and nicotine synergistically induced the production of PGE(2) , MMP-2 and MMP-9, and increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2 and HIF-1alpha proteins.	Nicotine	19-27	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	142-147
22966072-5	2012	In muscle cell culture, nicotine exposure significantly increased IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and decreased insulin sensitivity, recapitulating the phenotype of smoking-induced insulin resistance in humans.	Nicotine	24-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
22966072-5	2012	In muscle cell culture, nicotine exposure significantly increased IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and decreased insulin sensitivity, recapitulating the phenotype of smoking-induced insulin resistance in humans.	Nicotine	24-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
22966072-6	2012	The two pathways known to stimulate IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]) were both stimulated by nicotine in culture.	Nicotine	180-188	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	118-147
22966072-6	2012	The two pathways known to stimulate IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]) were both stimulated by nicotine in culture.	Nicotine	180-188	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	149-153
22966072-7	2012	Inhibition of mTOR, but not p44/42 MAPK, during nicotine exposure prevented IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and normalized insulin sensitivity.	Nicotine	48-56	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	14-18
22966072-7	2012	Inhibition of mTOR, but not p44/42 MAPK, during nicotine exposure prevented IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and normalized insulin sensitivity.	Nicotine	48-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
22966072-8	2012	These data indicate nicotine induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by activating mTOR.	Nicotine	20-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
22966072-8	2012	These data indicate nicotine induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by activating mTOR.	Nicotine	20-28	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	89-93
22571166-8	2012	CONCLUSION:   These data demonstrate novel mechanisms by which nicotine and LPS promote periodontal tissue destruction, and provide further evidence that HIF-1alpha is a potential target in periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.	Nicotine	63-71	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	154-164
23755407-0	2012	Effects of maternal nicotine exposure on expression of laminin alpha 5 in lung tissue of newborn.	Nicotine	20-28	laminin subunit alpha 5	Homo sapiens	55-70
23755407-4	2012	Previous investigation indicated that maternal nicotine exposures induce decreased fibronectin expression in lung parenchyma.	Nicotine	47-55	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	83-94
23755407-8	2012	The finding indicated that laminin alpha 5 (Lama5) mRNA expressions in the lung of newborn in the nicotine treated Exp D1 decreased by 0.63 fold but increased in Exp D14 by 1.57 fold comparing to Sh-Con groups.	Nicotine	98-106	laminin subunit alpha 5	Homo sapiens	27-42
23755407-8	2012	The finding indicated that laminin alpha 5 (Lama5) mRNA expressions in the lung of newborn in the nicotine treated Exp D1 decreased by 0.63 fold but increased in Exp D14 by 1.57 fold comparing to Sh-Con groups.	Nicotine	98-106	laminin subunit alpha 5	Homo sapiens	44-49
22982626-6	2012	We use quantitative isotopic in situ hybridization to examine the expression of mRNAs for NKCC1, KCC2, BDNF, and NMDA receptor subunit 2A (NR2A) and NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) in the postnatal day (P) 5 and 8 rat hippocampi in both sexes that were either control-treated or with 6mg/kg/day nicotine in milk formula (CNN) via gastric intubation starting at P1.	Nicotine	295-303	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
22571166-2	2012	The aim of this study was to explore the effects, as well as the signaling pathway, of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of HIF-1alpha and on the production of its target genes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ), MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PDLCs.	Nicotine	87-95	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	146-156
22571166-2	2012	The aim of this study was to explore the effects, as well as the signaling pathway, of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of HIF-1alpha and on the production of its target genes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ), MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PDLCs.	Nicotine	87-95	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	210-226
22571166-2	2012	The aim of this study was to explore the effects, as well as the signaling pathway, of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of HIF-1alpha and on the production of its target genes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ), MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PDLCs.	Nicotine	87-95	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	228-233
22571166-6	2012	Inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity by chetomin or knockdown of HIF1alpha gene expression by small interfering RNA markedly attenuated the production of LPS- and nicotine-stimulated PGE(2) and MMPs, as well as the expression of COX-2 and HIF-1alpha.	Nicotine	160-168	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24
22571166-6	2012	Inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity by chetomin or knockdown of HIF1alpha gene expression by small interfering RNA markedly attenuated the production of LPS- and nicotine-stimulated PGE(2) and MMPs, as well as the expression of COX-2 and HIF-1alpha.	Nicotine	160-168	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	62-71
22571166-6	2012	Inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity by chetomin or knockdown of HIF1alpha gene expression by small interfering RNA markedly attenuated the production of LPS- and nicotine-stimulated PGE(2) and MMPs, as well as the expression of COX-2 and HIF-1alpha.	Nicotine	160-168	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	226-231
22571166-6	2012	Inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity by chetomin or knockdown of HIF1alpha gene expression by small interfering RNA markedly attenuated the production of LPS- and nicotine-stimulated PGE(2) and MMPs, as well as the expression of COX-2 and HIF-1alpha.	Nicotine	160-168	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	236-246
22571166-7	2012	Furthermore, pretreatment with inhibitors of COX-2, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased the expression of nicotine- and LPS-induced HIF-1alpha and COX-2, as well as the activity of PGE(2) and MMPs.	Nicotine	221-229	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	45-50
22571166-7	2012	Furthermore, pretreatment with inhibitors of COX-2, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased the expression of nicotine- and LPS-induced HIF-1alpha and COX-2, as well as the activity of PGE(2) and MMPs.	Nicotine	221-229	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	52-55
22571166-7	2012	Furthermore, pretreatment with inhibitors of COX-2, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased the expression of nicotine- and LPS-induced HIF-1alpha and COX-2, as well as the activity of PGE(2) and MMPs.	Nicotine	221-229	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	96-117
22571166-7	2012	Furthermore, pretreatment with inhibitors of COX-2, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased the expression of nicotine- and LPS-induced HIF-1alpha and COX-2, as well as the activity of PGE(2) and MMPs.	Nicotine	221-229	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	262-267
22959963-6	2012	Interestingly, the identical AM251 treatment administered during the late phase of a long abstinence further augments anxiety and associated changes in BDNF and spinophilin mRNA in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in nicotine pre-exposed HRs.	Nicotine	224-232	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9B	Rattus norvegicus	161-172
22959963-4	2012	Moreover, these behavioral effects of nicotine are accompanied by a persistent imbalance between neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin releasing factor systems, and a persistent increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and spinophilin mRNA levels in the amygdala.	Nicotine	38-46	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9B	Rattus norvegicus	231-242
22807215-3	2012	Exposure to nicotine predominantly induced mRNA expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) among the different neurotrophic factors examined in cultured astrocytes, in a manner sensitive to nAChR antagonists, nifedipine, and aCa(2+) chelator.	Nicotine	12-20	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	62-105
23021898-2	2012	We previously found that resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and striatum is independently associated with nicotine addiction and psychiatric illness.	Nicotine	161-169	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	109-113
23021898-10	2012	Reduced rsFC strength between the insula, dACC and striatum is associated with nicotine addiction severity in both non-psychiatrically ill and in SZ smokers.	Nicotine	79-87	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	42-46
22738920-2	2012	We tested the hypothesis that perinatal nicotine exposure causes heightened brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal rats through aberrant expression patterns of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)R) and type 2 (AT(2)R) receptors in the developing brain.	Nicotine	40-48	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	185-214
22738920-2	2012	We tested the hypothesis that perinatal nicotine exposure causes heightened brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal rats through aberrant expression patterns of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)R) and type 2 (AT(2)R) receptors in the developing brain.	Nicotine	40-48	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	220-234
22738920-7	2012	In fetal brains, nicotine caused a decrease in mRNA and protein abundance of AT(2)R but not AT(1)R.	Nicotine	17-25	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
22738920-8	2012	The downregulation of AT(2)R persisted in brains of male pups, and nicotine treatment resulted in a significant increase in methylation of CpG locus 3 bases upstream of TATA-box at the AT(2)R gene promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	185-191
22738920-12	2012	In male pups, AT(2)R agonist CGP42112 abrogated nicotine-induced increase in HI brain infarction.	Nicotine	48-56	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
22738920-14	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal nicotine exposure causes epigenetic repression of the AT(2)R gene in the developing brain resulting in heightened brain vulnerability to HI injury in neonatal male rats in a sex-dependent manner.	Nicotine	23-31	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
23158075-12	2012	The ratio of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 mRNA expression in rat distal PASMCs treated with nicotine (100 nmol/L, 48 h) to control group were (62 +- 14)% (P &lt; 0.05) and (72 +- 15)% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively.	Nicotine	79-87	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
23158075-13	2012	Nicotine inhibited Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 mRNA expression in rat distal PASMCs.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
22489671-11	2012	Nicotine treatment led to the downregulation of ECM molecules, including collagen type I, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulation of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9).	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
22379121-7	2012	Nicotine also attenuated endogenously expressed ATF6 translocation and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha in mouse cortical neurons transfected with alpha4beta2 nAChRs.	Nicotine	0-8	activating transcription factor 6	Mus musculus	48-52
22349182-1	2012	Since previous in vitro experiments revealed that nicotine can impair endothelial intercellular communication via the downregulation of connexin43 (Cx43), we wanted to find out which nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in the molecular mechanism of communication failure.	Nicotine	50-58	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	136-146
22349182-1	2012	Since previous in vitro experiments revealed that nicotine can impair endothelial intercellular communication via the downregulation of connexin43 (Cx43), we wanted to find out which nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in the molecular mechanism of communication failure.	Nicotine	50-58	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
22349182-6	2012	In cultured human endothelial cells, nicotine decreased the Cx43 protein amount as shown by western blot and immunohistochemistry; however, together with an unaltered mRNA expression as shown by RT-PCR.	Nicotine	37-45	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
22349182-7	2012	The nicotine-induced Cx43 downregulation functionally impaired intercellular dye transfer, which could be prevented by mecamylamine, kappa-bungarotoxin, lobeline, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine but not alpha-bungarotoxin, indicating that the nAChR subtypes alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta2 but not alpha7 are involved in signal cascade.	Nicotine	4-12	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
22349182-8	2012	RT-PCR analysis revealed that nicotine exposure resulted in the upregulation of alpha3 and beta4 and the downregulation of alpha4-nAChR, while alpha7- and beta2-nAChR-mRNA expressions remained unaltered.	Nicotine	30-38	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	155-160
22561688-6	2012	Mechanistically, we found that both nicotine and AngII activated AMPK-alpha2 in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the phosphorylation of activator protein 2alpha (AP-2alpha) and consequent matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) gene expression.	Nicotine	36-44	transcription factor AP-2, alpha	Mus musculus	189-198
22561688-7	2012	We conclude that smoking (through nicotine) instigates AAA through AMPK-alpha2-mediated AP-2alpha-dependent MMP2 expression in VSMCs.	Nicotine	34-42	transcription factor AP-2, alpha	Mus musculus	88-97
22241830-0	2012	Analysis of detailed phenotype profiles reveals CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster association with several nicotine dependence traits.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-61
22569203-0	2012	CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 genetic variation and its association with nicotine metabolism in South Western Alaska Native people.	Nicotine	61-69	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	11-17
22569203-2	2012	Variations in the CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 genes, encoding enzymes responsible for nicotine metabolic inactivation and procarcinogen activation, have not been characterized in AN and may contribute toward the increased risk.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
22569203-6	2012	Nicotine metabolism [as measured by the plasma and urinary ratio of metabolites trans-3"-hydroxycotinine to cotinine (3HC/COT)] was significantly associated with CYP2A6 (P&lt;0.001), but not CYP2B6 genotype (P=0.95) when controlling for known covariates.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	191-197
22624500-8	2012	In primary cultured mouse astrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed MPP(+)-induced or LPS-induced astrocyte activation, as evidenced by both decreased production of TNF-alpha and inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38 activation in astrocytes, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	236-242
22624500-8	2012	In primary cultured mouse astrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed MPP(+)-induced or LPS-induced astrocyte activation, as evidenced by both decreased production of TNF-alpha and inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38 activation in astrocytes, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	248-251
22191943-0	2012	Nicotine stimulates secretion of corticosterone via both CRH and AVP receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	65-68
22191943-12	2012	Although the AVP antagonist did not alter basal or nicotine-stimulated corticosterone secretion, it attenuated the AVP-induced stimulation of corticosterone and its combination with AST but not AST2b completely abolished nicotine-mediated stimulation of corticosterone secretion.	Nicotine	221-229	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	13-16
22191943-12	2012	Although the AVP antagonist did not alter basal or nicotine-stimulated corticosterone secretion, it attenuated the AVP-induced stimulation of corticosterone and its combination with AST but not AST2b completely abolished nicotine-mediated stimulation of corticosterone secretion.	Nicotine	221-229	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	115-118
22191943-13	2012	Our results demonstrate that the nicotine-induced stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated by both the CRH-R and the AVP V(1b) receptor and when the CRH receptor is blocked, nicotine may utilize the AVP V(1b) receptor to mediate secretion of corticosterone.	Nicotine	33-41	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	143-146
22191943-13	2012	Our results demonstrate that the nicotine-induced stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated by both the CRH-R and the AVP V(1b) receptor and when the CRH receptor is blocked, nicotine may utilize the AVP V(1b) receptor to mediate secretion of corticosterone.	Nicotine	33-41	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	225-228
22310173-3	2012	However, whether nicotine modulates DAT function in vivo is still not well understood.	Nicotine	17-25	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
22310173-10	2012	These results suggest that nicotine may exert its addictive role by dynamically modulating DAT function in vivo.	Nicotine	27-35	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
22154844-9	2012	Nicotine significantly reduced expression of Cx43 and Cx37 as well as average length of capillary branches, number of branches and pattern in the Matrigel assay.	Nicotine	0-8	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
22182462-3	2012	It was investigated if blockade of CRF1 receptors, blockade of alpha1-adrenergic receptors, or stimulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the CeA diminishes the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	213-221	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
22308372-6	2012	Modification of D1 receptor activity prevents the aversive response to acute nicotine, but not to nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	77-85	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	16-27
21831361-8	2012	Nicotine withdrawal increased the percentage of hypocretin cells expressing c-Fos in the perifornical, dorsomedial, and lateral hypothalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-58
21831361-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that hypocretin signaling acting on Hcrtr-1 in the PVN plays a crucial role in the expression of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	133-141	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-51
23226481-7	2012	To complement our animal studies, we also conducted a human genetic association analysis and found that variants in the CaMKIV gene are associated with a protective effect against nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	180-188	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	120-126
23226481-9	2012	Further, CaMKIV mediates affective, but not physical nicotine withdrawal signs, and has a protective effect against nicotine dependence in human genetic association studies.	Nicotine	53-61	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	9-15
23226481-9	2012	Further, CaMKIV mediates affective, but not physical nicotine withdrawal signs, and has a protective effect against nicotine dependence in human genetic association studies.	Nicotine	116-124	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	9-15
20665032-5	2012	Nicotine also inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (p65) translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, based on Western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis.	Nicotine	0-8	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	52-55
22876341-4	2012	Nicotine caused significant inhibition in yields of the physiologically active metabolite 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in HGF and HPF, overcome to varying degrees by the anti-oxidant glutathione (n = 6; p&lt;0.01, one way ANOVA); this is suggestive of moderation of an oxidative mechanism induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	126-129
21971485-0	2011	Nicotine induced CpG methylation of Pax6 binding motif in StAR promoter reduces the gene expression and cortisol production.	Nicotine	0-8	paired box 6	Homo sapiens	36-40
21971485-0	2011	Nicotine induced CpG methylation of Pax6 binding motif in StAR promoter reduces the gene expression and cortisol production.	Nicotine	0-8	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	58-62
21971485-3	2011	Here using primary human fetal adrenal cortex (pHFAC) cells and a human fetal adrenal cell line NCI-H295A, we show that nicotine inhibits StAR expression and cortisol production in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and prolongs the inhibitory effect on cells proliferating over 5 passages after termination of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	120-128	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	138-142
21971485-4	2011	Methylation detection within the StAR promoter region uncovers a single site CpG methylation at nt -377 that is sensitive to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	125-133	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	33-37
21971485-5	2011	Nicotine-induced alterations in frequency of this point methylation correlates well with the levels of StAR expression, suggesting an important role of the single site in regulating StAR expression.	Nicotine	0-8	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	103-107
21971485-5	2011	Nicotine-induced alterations in frequency of this point methylation correlates well with the levels of StAR expression, suggesting an important role of the single site in regulating StAR expression.	Nicotine	0-8	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	182-186
21971485-8	2011	These data identify a nicotine-sensitive CpG site at the Pax6 binding motif in the StAR promoter that may play a central role in regulating StAR expression.	Nicotine	22-30	paired box 6	Homo sapiens	57-61
21971485-8	2011	These data identify a nicotine-sensitive CpG site at the Pax6 binding motif in the StAR promoter that may play a central role in regulating StAR expression.	Nicotine	22-30	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	83-87
21971485-8	2011	These data identify a nicotine-sensitive CpG site at the Pax6 binding motif in the StAR promoter that may play a central role in regulating StAR expression.	Nicotine	22-30	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	140-144
21903141-0	2011	Pharmacologic antagonism of ghrelin receptors attenuates development of nicotine induced locomotor sensitization in rats.	Nicotine	72-80	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-35
21903141-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GHR-R activity is required for the induction of locomotor sensitization to nicotine and complement an emerging literature implicating central GHR systems in drug reward/reinforcement.	Nicotine	115-123	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
21903141-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GHR-R activity is required for the induction of locomotor sensitization to nicotine and complement an emerging literature implicating central GHR systems in drug reward/reinforcement.	Nicotine	115-123	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
21310553-3	2011	As the target circuits for other drugs of abuse, including nicotine, in the brain includes this reward link, we sought to determine whether the central ghrelin signalling system is involved in nicotine"s activation of this system.	Nicotine	193-201	ghrelin	Mus musculus	152-159
21653710-12	2011	Nicotine also excited hypocretin/orexin neurons that enhance cognitive arousal, but the responses were smaller than in NPY or POMC cells.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	22-39
22971543-5	2012	The increase in DARPP-32 phosphorylation was completely abolished either by a dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist (SCH23390), tetrodotoxin, genetic deletion of M5 receptors, muscarinic toxins for M1 and M4 receptors, or 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of dopaminergic neurons, whereas it was enhanced by nicotine.	Nicotine	298-306	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	16-24
23308043-0	2012	Nicotine induces inhibitor of differentiation-1 in a Src-dependent pathway promoting metastasis and chemoresistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	53-56
23308043-3	2012	Here, we show that stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells with nicotine concentrations that are within the range of human exposure results in activation of Src kinase, which facilitated the induction of the inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) transcription factor.	Nicotine	63-71	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	156-159
22922325-4	2012	Here, using zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that nicotine alters the expression of the validated endocrine disruption (ED) biomarkers, vitellogenin (vtg 1 and vtg 2) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b) at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	51-59	vitellogenin	Danio rerio	137-149
22377092-0	2012	ANAPC1 and SLCO3A1 are associated with nicotine dependence: meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.	Nicotine	39-47	anaphase promoting complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
22855798-8	2012	Short- and long-term adaptation of mPFC synaptic plasticity after adolescent nicotine exposure could be explained by changed mGluR2 signaling.	Nicotine	77-85	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	125-131
22562289-5	2012	RESULTS: In utero nicotine increased interleukin-13 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) in the neonatal lung.	Nicotine	18-26	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	56-88
22562289-5	2012	RESULTS: In utero nicotine increased interleukin-13 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) in the neonatal lung.	Nicotine	18-26	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	90-98
22562289-6	2012	Nicotine-exposed AMs demonstrated increased TGFbeta1 and increased markers of alternative activation with diminished phagocytic function.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	44-52
22526143-7	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment transiently induced translation of GluR2 mRNA and Akt phosphorylation with a concomitant increase of YB-1/HSP60 interaction.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	63-68
22526143-7	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment transiently induced translation of GluR2 mRNA and Akt phosphorylation with a concomitant increase of YB-1/HSP60 interaction.	Nicotine	9-17	Y box protein 1	Mus musculus	129-133
22526143-9	2012	On a sucrose gradient, nicotine treatment shifted the distribution of YB-1 to much heavier-sedimenting polysome fractions.	Nicotine	23-31	Y box protein 1	Mus musculus	70-74
22526143-12	2012	In HSP60-depleted cells, nicotine treatment induced nuclear localization of YB-1.	Nicotine	25-33	Y box protein 1	Mus musculus	76-80
22042234-3	2012	Genetic variation in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster has been associated with early substance experimentation, nicotine dependence, and other drug behaviors.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-38
22300039-3	2012	The nonneuronal alpha7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors are a primary target for nicotine through the JAK2 and STAT3/NF-kappaB pathways, ultimately mediating the inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene transcription.	Nicotine	80-88	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
22191943-14	2012	These results argue in favor of the development of specific antagonists that block both AVP and CRH receptors to decrease the pleasurable component of nicotine, which may be mediated by corticosterone.	Nicotine	151-159	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	88-91
22348963-8	2012	Application of AC253, an amylin receptor antagonist, blocked the excitatory effects of not only hAmylin but also nicotine; dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a nAChR antagonist, also blocked the effects of nicotine and hAmylin.	Nicotine	113-121	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	25-31
22240023-3	2012	Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced E-selectin transcription in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be significantly blocked by alpha7-nAChR subunit inhibitor, alpha-BT, Src-kinase inhibitor, PP2, or siRNAs against Src or beta-Arrestin-1 (beta-Arr1).	Nicotine	25-33	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	207-210
22042774-9	2012	The minor allele of each polymorphism increased cellular response to nicotine (T375I P = 0.01, T91I P = 0.02, R37H P = 0.003), but the largest effect on in vitro receptor activity was seen in the presence of both CHRNB4 T91I and CHRNA3 R37H (P = 2 x 10(-6)).	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	229-235
21494021-7	2012	We demonstrated that TSP-1, TGF-beta1 and PAI-1 increased after nicotine administration.	Nicotine	64-72	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
22508055-9	2012	This effect of nicotine was p38 MAPK dependent.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
22150678-4	2012	It also reduced aortic malondialdehyde, hydroxyproline levels, calcium content and caspase-3 expression induced in nicotine-treated OVX rats.	Nicotine	115-123	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
23300696-0	2012	Down-regulation of Decapping Protein 2 mediates chronic nicotine exposure-induced locomotor hyperactivity in Drosophila.	Nicotine	56-64	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	19-38
23300696-5	2012	Strikingly, this chronic nicotine-induced locomotor hyperactivity (cNILH) was abolished in Decapping Protein 2 or 1 (Dcp2 or Dcp1) -deficient flies, while only Dcp2-deficient flies exhibited higher basal levels of locomotor activity than controls.	Nicotine	25-33	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	91-115
23300696-5	2012	Strikingly, this chronic nicotine-induced locomotor hyperactivity (cNILH) was abolished in Decapping Protein 2 or 1 (Dcp2 or Dcp1) -deficient flies, while only Dcp2-deficient flies exhibited higher basal levels of locomotor activity than controls.	Nicotine	25-33	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	117-121
23300696-5	2012	Strikingly, this chronic nicotine-induced locomotor hyperactivity (cNILH) was abolished in Decapping Protein 2 or 1 (Dcp2 or Dcp1) -deficient flies, while only Dcp2-deficient flies exhibited higher basal levels of locomotor activity than controls.	Nicotine	25-33	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	160-164
23300696-6	2012	These results indicate that Dcp2 plays a critical role in the response to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	82-90	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	28-32
23300696-7	2012	Moreover, the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of Dcp2 in the fly head was suppressed by chronic nicotine treatment, and up-regulation of Dcp2 expression in the nervous system blocked cNILH.	Nicotine	91-99	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	44-48
23300696-8	2012	These results indicate that down-regulation of Dcp2 mediates chronic nicotine-exposure-induced locomotor hyperactivity in Drosophila.	Nicotine	69-77	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	47-51
23300696-10	2012	Our findings reveal a significant role for the mRNA decapping pathway in developing locomotor hyperactivity in response to chronic nicotine exposure and identify Dcp2 as a potential candidate for future research on nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	162-166
23300696-10	2012	Our findings reveal a significant role for the mRNA decapping pathway in developing locomotor hyperactivity in response to chronic nicotine exposure and identify Dcp2 as a potential candidate for future research on nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	215-223	Decapping protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	162-166
22952803-11	2012	These results therefore indicate that nicotine promotes proliferation of human NPC cells in vitro through simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling and suggest that the related molecules such as HIF-1alpha might be the potential therapeutic targets for tobacco-associated diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinomas.	Nicotine	38-46	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
21940627-4	2011	Nicotine markedly increased alpha4beta2 nAChR binding site density and beta2 subunit protein.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
21964286-9	2011	Sucrose gradient analysis revealed that in nicotine-treated myotubes, YB-1-containing polysomes were shifted to the heavier-sedimenting fractions, and showed an apparent decrease in the amount of YB-1 bound to AChR alpha mRNA.	Nicotine	43-51	Y box protein 1	Mus musculus	70-74
21964286-9	2011	Sucrose gradient analysis revealed that in nicotine-treated myotubes, YB-1-containing polysomes were shifted to the heavier-sedimenting fractions, and showed an apparent decrease in the amount of YB-1 bound to AChR alpha mRNA.	Nicotine	43-51	Y box protein 1	Mus musculus	196-200
21514748-5	2011	Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of persistent nicotine dependence at Wave 2 given the presence of various sociodemographic and psychiatric predictors at Wave 1.	Nicotine	74-82	WASP family member 2	Homo sapiens	97-103
21911609-5	2011	In contrast, the non-selective ASIC and Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHE1) antagonists, amiloride and its analogues, suppressed nicotine-evoked responses in MHb neurones of wild-type and ASIC2 null mice, excluding a possible involvement of ASIC2 in the nAChR inhibition by amiloride.	Nicotine	121-129	acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1	Mus musculus	31-35
22006310-0	2011	Tobacco nicotine uptake permease (NUP1) affects alkaloid metabolism.	Nicotine	8-16	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
22006310-3	2011	Here, we show that this gene fragment corresponds to a Nicotiana tabacum gene encoding a nicotine uptake permease (NUP1).	Nicotine	89-97	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	115-119
22006310-5	2011	NUP1 expressed in yeast cells preferentially transported nicotine relative to other pyridine alkaloids, tropane alkaloids, kinetin, and adenine.	Nicotine	57-65	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
21742048-9	2011	Blockade of NO pathway may be selective target to reduce ERK1/2 phosphorylation via attenuation of the nicotine responses in the CNS.	Nicotine	103-111	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
21617846-6	2011	Compared with the control group, ghrelin mRNA expression was up-regulated and the myocardium calcium content was significantly increased in vitamin D3 and nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	155-163	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
21617846-11	2011	These results indicate that exogenous administration with ghrelin attenuates myocardial calcification induced by nicotine and vitamin D3, and that the possible mechanism is via the ghrelin-induced increase in the OPN mRNA levels and decrease in the ET-1 mRNA expression in the myocardium.	Nicotine	113-121	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	58-65
21617846-11	2011	These results indicate that exogenous administration with ghrelin attenuates myocardial calcification induced by nicotine and vitamin D3, and that the possible mechanism is via the ghrelin-induced increase in the OPN mRNA levels and decrease in the ET-1 mRNA expression in the myocardium.	Nicotine	113-121	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	181-188
21999690-4	2011	Evidence gathered from expression and injection studies suggests that the consumption of drugs, such as ethanol and nicotine, and also of palatable foods rich in fat is stimulated by different orexigenic peptides, such as enkephalin, galanin, orexin, and melaninconcentrating hormone, acting within the hypothalamus or various limbic structures, while another peptide, neuropeptide Y, is closely related to carbohydrate consumption and shows an inverse relationship with ethanol and nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	116-124	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	243-249
21767384-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The contributions of brain cannabinoid (CB) receptors, typically CB1 (CB type 1) receptors, to the behavioral effects of nicotine (NC) have been reported to involve brain transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, and the activation of candidate endogenous TRPV1 ligands is expected to be therapeutically effective.	Nicotine	133-141	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	77-80
21497036-1	2011	Nicotine is considered to be a specific substrate for UGT2B10, an isoform of human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT).	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	83-126
21497036-1	2011	Nicotine is considered to be a specific substrate for UGT2B10, an isoform of human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT).	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	54-57
21597011-8	2011	Oral nicotine administration reduced inflammation within the myocardium, decreased the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, RANTES, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.	Nicotine	5-13	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	273-277
21091651-4	2011	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar-Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin-specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)-selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)-specific inhibitor.	Nicotine	46-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	236-246
21091651-6	2011	This depressor effect of nicotine was attenuated after pretreatment with a nAChR antagonist or blockers of the calmodulin-eNOS pathway.	Nicotine	25-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
21091651-8	2011	Calmodulin was found to bind eNOS after nicotine injection into NTS.	Nicotine	40-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
20554619-0	2011	The alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and MMP-2/-9 pathway mediate the proangiogenic effect of nicotine in human retinal endothelial cells.	Nicotine	101-109	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
20554619-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine-induced angiogenesis required nAChR function and was associated with the upregulation of MMP-2 and -9 in HRMECs.	Nicotine	9-17	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	107-119
21083424-5	2011	In addition, HO-1 is required for nicotine-mediated suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and high mobility group box 1 expression induced by LPS in macrophages, as evidenced by the fact that nicotine failed to inhibit production of these mediators when HO-1 was suppressed.	Nicotine	34-42	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	133-158
21216262-4	2011	This study employed in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that the prior administration of the mGluR5 receptor antagonist, MPEP, inhibits a neural response to nicotine, increased dopamine (DA) overflow in the nucleus accumbens, implicated in directly in nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	261-269	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	102-108
21330654-0	2011	Nicotine increases the VEGF/PEDF ratio in retinal pigment epithelium: a possible mechanism for CNV in passive smokers with AMD.	Nicotine	0-8	serpin family F member 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
21330654-13	2011	NT, which did not result in either cell death or proliferation, induced beta1 nAchR, upregulated VEGF, and downregulated PEDF expression through nAChR in ARPE-19 cells.	Nicotine	0-2	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
21412223-0	2011	Nicotine alters limbic function in adolescent rat by a 5-HT1A receptor mechanism.	Nicotine	0-8	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
21412223-7	2011	Nicotine enhancement of cocaine self-administration and quinpirole-induced locomotor activity was blocked by co-administration of WAY 100 635 (N-{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl] ethyl}-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide), a selective serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	257-263
21412223-10	2011	These findings indicate that early adolescent nicotine exposure uniquely alters limbic function by both 5-HT1A and non-5-HT1A receptor mechanisms.	Nicotine	46-54	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
21412223-10	2011	These findings indicate that early adolescent nicotine exposure uniquely alters limbic function by both 5-HT1A and non-5-HT1A receptor mechanisms.	Nicotine	46-54	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	119-125
21430644-0	2011	The necessity of alpha4* nicotinic receptors in nicotine-driven behaviors: dissociation between reinforcing and motor effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	48-56	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	17-24
21430644-10	2011	These data demonstrate a necessary role for alpha4* nAChRs in the locomotor depressant effect of nicotine but not the reinforcing effects that support ongoing self-administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	97-105	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	44-51
21418355-2	2011	Here, we functionally characterized the JA-inducible tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) AP2/ERF factor ORC1, one of the members of the NIC2-locus ERFs that control nicotine biosynthesis and a close homologue of ORCA3, a transcriptional activator of alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus.	Nicotine	157-165	ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3-like	Nicotiana tabacum	81-84
20936688-2	2011	Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition is a major consequence of smoking and MAO inhibitors, such as tranylcypromine, increase nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	123-131	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
20936688-2	2011	Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition is a major consequence of smoking and MAO inhibitors, such as tranylcypromine, increase nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	123-131	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
20936688-2	2011	Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition is a major consequence of smoking and MAO inhibitors, such as tranylcypromine, increase nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	123-131	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
20936688-8	2011	Such animals did immediately acquire nicotine self-administration when the tranylcypromine pretreatment interval was switched to 1 h prior to testing on Day 4, indicating that an acute effect of the MAO inhibitor was responsible for enhanced nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	37-45	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
20936688-8	2011	Such animals did immediately acquire nicotine self-administration when the tranylcypromine pretreatment interval was switched to 1 h prior to testing on Day 4, indicating that an acute effect of the MAO inhibitor was responsible for enhanced nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	242-250	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
20936688-10	2011	These findings suggest that MAO inhibition enhances serotonergic transmission, which serves a critical role in the reinforcing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	138-146	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
21396990-1	2011	Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to single-dose nicotine (NIC) are sexually diergic: Female rats have higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) responses than do males.	Nicotine	62-70	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
21502501-6	2011	These data suggest that alpha4-dominated enhancement of burst firing in DA neurons, relayed by DA transmission in NAc that is gated by nAChRs containing alpha4 and alpha6 subunits, underlies nicotine self-administration and its long-term maintenance.	Nicotine	191-199	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	153-170
21654734-6	2011	These intriguing findings suggest that activation of mGlu2/3 receptors negatively modulates the combined effects of nicotine and nicotine-associated contexts/cues on NAcc dopamine.	Nicotine	116-124	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	53-60
21654734-6	2011	These intriguing findings suggest that activation of mGlu2/3 receptors negatively modulates the combined effects of nicotine and nicotine-associated contexts/cues on NAcc dopamine.	Nicotine	129-137	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	53-60
21654734-7	2011	Thus, these data highlight a critical role for mGlu2/3 receptors in context/cue-induced drug-seeking behavior and suggest a neurochemical mechanism by which mGlu2/3 receptor agonists may promote smoking cessation by preventing relapse induced by the combination of nicotine and nicotine-associated contexts and cues.	Nicotine	265-273	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	157-164
21654734-7	2011	Thus, these data highlight a critical role for mGlu2/3 receptors in context/cue-induced drug-seeking behavior and suggest a neurochemical mechanism by which mGlu2/3 receptor agonists may promote smoking cessation by preventing relapse induced by the combination of nicotine and nicotine-associated contexts and cues.	Nicotine	278-286	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	157-164
21605206-2	2011	Here, we analyzed how duplicated genes encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the pyridine moiety of nicotine, are regulated by the jasmonate-responsive transcriptional factor ERF189 that functions critically for nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).	Nicotine	199-207	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	48-85
21605206-2	2011	Here, we analyzed how duplicated genes encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the pyridine moiety of nicotine, are regulated by the jasmonate-responsive transcriptional factor ERF189 that functions critically for nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).	Nicotine	199-207	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	87-90
21605206-2	2011	Here, we analyzed how duplicated genes encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the pyridine moiety of nicotine, are regulated by the jasmonate-responsive transcriptional factor ERF189 that functions critically for nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).	Nicotine	311-319	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	48-85
21605206-2	2011	Here, we analyzed how duplicated genes encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the pyridine moiety of nicotine, are regulated by the jasmonate-responsive transcriptional factor ERF189 that functions critically for nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).	Nicotine	311-319	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	87-90
21605206-3	2011	The tobacco genome contains duplicated QPT genes; QPT1 is expressed at a constitutive basal level, whereas QPT2 is regulated coordinately with other structural genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis, in terms of tissue specificity, jasmonate induction, and regulation by ERF189.	Nicotine	178-186	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	39-42
21605206-3	2011	The tobacco genome contains duplicated QPT genes; QPT1 is expressed at a constitutive basal level, whereas QPT2 is regulated coordinately with other structural genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis, in terms of tissue specificity, jasmonate induction, and regulation by ERF189.	Nicotine	178-186	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	50-54
21605206-3	2011	The tobacco genome contains duplicated QPT genes; QPT1 is expressed at a constitutive basal level, whereas QPT2 is regulated coordinately with other structural genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis, in terms of tissue specificity, jasmonate induction, and regulation by ERF189.	Nicotine	178-186	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	107-111
21596105-10	2011	However, CaMKIIalpha was significantly upregulated with nicotine treatment while CaM showed downregulation at P14.	Nicotine	56-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
21596105-11	2011	The effects of nicotine persisted in P63 young adult brains which exhibited significantly downregulated GluR2, NR1, and NR2c expression levels in hippocampal homogenates and a considerably muted overall distribution of [3H]AMPA binding in areas CA1, CA2 and CA3, and the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	15-23	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
21596105-13	2011	The persistent depression, in adults, of the requisite NR1 subunit for NMDAR assembly, and of GluR2, important for assembly, trafficking, and biophysical properties of AMPAR, indicates that nicotine may alter ionotropic glutamate receptor stoichiometry and functional properties in adults after prenatally restricted nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	190-198	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
21507900-6	2011	Signaling studies revealed that Ca(2+)(cyt) elevations evoked by nicotine and concomitant depolarizing treatments served to activate a survival pathway involving the calcium effector protein calmodulin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.	Nicotine	65-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
21616978-0	2011	Nicotine restores morphine-induced memory deficit through the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	69-89
21454915-0	2011	Effect of mint drink on metabolism of nicotine as measured by nicotine to cotinine ratio in urine of Jordanian smoking volunteers.	Nicotine	38-46	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	10-14
21454915-0	2011	Effect of mint drink on metabolism of nicotine as measured by nicotine to cotinine ratio in urine of Jordanian smoking volunteers.	Nicotine	62-70	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	10-14
21454915-2	2011	The purpose of this research was to evaluate mint drink effect on nicotine metabolism as judged by nicotine/cotinine ratio in urine of Jordanian smokers.	Nicotine	66-74	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	45-49
21454915-2	2011	The purpose of this research was to evaluate mint drink effect on nicotine metabolism as judged by nicotine/cotinine ratio in urine of Jordanian smokers.	Nicotine	99-107	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	45-49
21454915-9	2011	RESULTS: All participants showed a consistent pattern of higher nicotine/cotinine ratios during mint drink compared with off-menthol periods, although to a variable extent.	Nicotine	64-72	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	96-100
21454915-10	2011	Mean nicotine/cotinine ratio during mint drink for all participants (1.327 +- 0.707) was higher than that during off-menthol (0.993 +- 0.547).	Nicotine	5-13	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	36-40
21454915-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Mint drink increased nicotine/cotinine ratio in urine, suggesting a reduction in conversion of nicotine to cotinine.	Nicotine	33-41	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	12-16
21454915-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Mint drink increased nicotine/cotinine ratio in urine, suggesting a reduction in conversion of nicotine to cotinine.	Nicotine	107-115	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	12-16
21550361-0	2011	Role of adenosine A2A receptor signaling in the nicotine-evoked attenuation of reflex cardiac sympathetic control.	Nicotine	48-56	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	8-30
21606196-4	2011	ID1 depletion prevented nicotine- and EGF-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells and angiogenic tubule formation of human microvascular endothelial cells from lungs (HMEC-Ls).	Nicotine	24-32	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
21291387-8	2011	TRPA1 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and nicotine but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in pain and inflammatory responses, including in the airways.	Nicotine	75-83	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21336821-5	2011	Nicotine also decreases BACE1 and PSEN1 expression, as well as ERK1 and NFkappaB P65 subunit expression in the cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
21336821-6	2011	Furthermore, BACE1 promoter activity is, but PSEN1 not, decreased by nicotine in the cell line.	Nicotine	69-77	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
21559516-6	2011	When these cells were co-treated with nicotine, the growth restriction was compromised, manifested by upregulation of cyclin D and A, and attenuation of Chk2 phosphorylation.	Nicotine	38-46	checkpoint kinase 2	Homo sapiens	153-157
21559516-7	2011	Knockdown of cyclin D or Chk2 by the siRNAs blocked nicotine-mediated effect on DNA damage checkpoint activation.	Nicotine	52-60	checkpoint kinase 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
21239632-4	2011	An analysis of the phenotype of isolated brain microvessels after nicotine exposure indicated higher expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-18), chemokines (CCL2 and CX(3)CL1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectins), and this was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration into brain during ischemia/reperfusion (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	66-74	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	175-180
21239632-4	2011	An analysis of the phenotype of isolated brain microvessels after nicotine exposure indicated higher expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-18), chemokines (CCL2 and CX(3)CL1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectins), and this was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration into brain during ischemia/reperfusion (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	66-74	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	204-212
21239632-4	2011	An analysis of the phenotype of isolated brain microvessels after nicotine exposure indicated higher expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-18), chemokines (CCL2 and CX(3)CL1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectins), and this was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration into brain during ischemia/reperfusion (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	66-74	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	239-245
21419142-0	2011	The monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor tranylcypromine enhances nicotine self-administration in rats through a mechanism independent of MAO inhibition.	Nicotine	63-71	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	4-21
21419142-0	2011	The monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor tranylcypromine enhances nicotine self-administration in rats through a mechanism independent of MAO inhibition.	Nicotine	63-71	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
22807215-3	2012	Exposure to nicotine predominantly induced mRNA expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) among the different neurotrophic factors examined in cultured astrocytes, in a manner sensitive to nAChR antagonists, nifedipine, and aCa(2+) chelator.	Nicotine	12-20	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
22807215-4	2012	Nicotine significantly increased GDNF in a concentration-dependent manner in cultured astrocytes but not in neurons or neural progenitors even at the highest concentration used.	Nicotine	0-8	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
21540762-0	2011	Common polymorphisms in FMO1 are associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	49-57	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
21336271-3	2011	We found that adolescent nicotine exposure induced lasting attentional disturbances and reduced mGluR2 protein and function on presynaptic terminals of PFC glutamatergic synapses.	Nicotine	25-33	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	96-102
21336271-4	2011	Restoring mGluR2 activity in vivo by local infusion of a group II mGluR agonist in adult rats that received nicotine as adolescents rescued attentional disturbances.	Nicotine	108-116	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	10-16
21540762-7	2011	Subsequent in-vitro experiments characterized FMO1 as a more efficient catalyst of nicotine N-oxidation than FMO3.	Nicotine	83-91	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
22807215-5	2012	In cultured astrocytes, a transient increase was seen in the expression of mRNA and corresponding protein for GDNF during sustained exposure to nicotine for 24 hr.	Nicotine	144-152	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
21540762-9	2011	FMO1 is also expressed in the brain and could contribute to the nicotine concentration in this tissue.	Nicotine	64-72	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21540762-10	2011	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that polymorphisms in FMO1 are significant risk factors in the development of nicotine dependence and that the mechanism may involve variation in nicotine pharmacology.	Nicotine	113-121	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
21540762-10	2011	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that polymorphisms in FMO1 are significant risk factors in the development of nicotine dependence and that the mechanism may involve variation in nicotine pharmacology.	Nicotine	181-189	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
21239887-0	2011	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the alpha4 subunit are critical for the nicotine-induced reduction of acute voluntary ethanol consumption.	Nicotine	85-93	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	49-55
21239887-6	2011	Consistent with this result, here we show that a more efficacious nAChR agonist, nicotine, also decreased voluntary ethanol intake, and that alpha4* nAChRs are critical for this reduction.	Nicotine	81-89	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	141-147
22807215-7	2012	Intraperitoneal administration of nicotine transiently increased the number of cells immunoreactive for both GDNF and glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	34-42	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
20854418-0	2011	CHRNB2 promoter region: association with subjective effects to nicotine and gene expression differences.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
20854418-11	2011	The human genetic study and functional assays suggest that variation in the promoter region of CHRNB2 gene may be important in mediating levels of expression of the beta2 nicotinic receptor subunit, which may be associated with variation in subjective response to nicotine.	Nicotine	264-272	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-101
21659607-0	2011	Nicotine decreases food intake through activation of POMC neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	53-57
22926197-0	2012	Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ adipokine gene expression levels are modulated in murine adipose tissues by both nicotine and nACh receptors containing the beta2 subunit.	Nicotine	107-115	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	10-14
20229177-1	2011	Previous studies have demonstrated that the persistent exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to nicotine (Nic) through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors increases cyclin D1 promoter activity and protein expression.	Nicotine	103-111	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	170-179
20229177-1	2011	Previous studies have demonstrated that the persistent exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to nicotine (Nic) through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors increases cyclin D1 promoter activity and protein expression.	Nicotine	113-116	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	170-179
22926197-6	2012	Furthermore, interactions between mouse beta2 subunit and nicotine treatment affected the expression levels of the adipokine genes Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ in WAT and of AdipoQ in BAT.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	141-145
21395539-2	2011	Since CYP2A5 metabolizes various important xenobiotics including nicotine and pro-carcinogens such as nitrosamines and aflatoxin B(1), altered gene expression could affect tobacco addiction, hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	6-12
21691078-0	2011	Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression through a alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kB pathway in HBE16 airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	61-66
22926197-7	2012	Finally, analysis of a cellular model of cultured adipocytes demonstrated that application of nicotine after silencing of the beta2 nAChR subunit significantly elevated the expression level of Cox2 gene.	Nicotine	94-102	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	193-197
21691078-9	2011	Furthermore, we found that nicotine decreased MyD88 protein, NF-kappaB p65 protein, NF-kappaB activity and phospho-I-kappaBalpha expression induced by CE or LPS.	Nicotine	27-35	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	46-51
22985517-1	2012	Nicotine, an active tobacco derived alkaloid, regulates the activity of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) as well as the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	108-112
21691078-9	2011	Furthermore, we found that nicotine decreased MyD88 protein, NF-kappaB p65 protein, NF-kappaB activity and phospho-I-kappaBalpha expression induced by CE or LPS.	Nicotine	27-35	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	71-74
21691078-11	2011	CONCLUSION: Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression in HBE16 airway epithelial cells, mainly through an alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	12-20	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	115-120
21045689-4	2011	Recent genome-wide association studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the nAChR encoding genes cluster CHRNA3/A5/B4 with both nicotine dependence and lung cancer incidence and susceptibility.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-135
21051534-11	2011	In summary, ethanol elevated mouse hepatic CYP2A5 levels, which may be of toxicological significance because CYP2A5 metabolizes nicotine and other drugs and activates hepatocarcinogens.	Nicotine	128-136	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	43-49
21051534-11	2011	In summary, ethanol elevated mouse hepatic CYP2A5 levels, which may be of toxicological significance because CYP2A5 metabolizes nicotine and other drugs and activates hepatocarcinogens.	Nicotine	128-136	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	109-115
20957418-7	2011	RESULTS: The results showed that: firstly, nicotine could upregulate the expressions of CD80, CD86, CD40,CD11b, MHC class I and II molecules in imDCs.	Nicotine	43-51	CD40 antigen	Mus musculus	100-104
22963803-7	2012	Our results demonstrate how immunization with CNI-KLH produces large amounts of moderate affinity anti-nicotine antibodies even when formulated with ALUM adjuvant, making it particularly relevant for human use.	Nicotine	103-111	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	46-49
21166804-8	2011	Moreover, striatal expression of HDAC2 in response to phenylbutyrate mirrored the behavioral effects of the inhibitor, suggesting that HDAC2 is involved in promoting synaptic plasticity underlying the preference for nicotine.	Nicotine	216-224	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
21166804-8	2011	Moreover, striatal expression of HDAC2 in response to phenylbutyrate mirrored the behavioral effects of the inhibitor, suggesting that HDAC2 is involved in promoting synaptic plasticity underlying the preference for nicotine.	Nicotine	216-224	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
21048701-3	2011	Recent human genetic association studies have implicated the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 encoding the alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits of the nAChR in susceptibility to develop nicotine and alcohol dependence; however, their role in ethanol-mediated behaviors is unknown due to the lack of suitable and selective research tools.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-80
21492092-9	2011	Individuals possessing a paucity of serotonergic and/or dopaminergic receptors and an increased rate of synaptic dopamine catabolism, due to high catabolic genotype of the COMT gene, are predisposed to self-medicating any substance or behavior that will activate dopamine release including alcohol, opiates, psychostimulants, nicotine, glucose, gambling, sex, and even excessive internet gaming, among others.	Nicotine	326-334	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	172-176
20943775-7	2011	However, the effects of nicotine on NF-kappaB activity were significantly blocked by the highly specific janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide (AG-490) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor 2-hydroxy-4-[[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]acetyl]amino]-benzoic acid (NSC74859).	Nicotine	24-32	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	105-119
20943775-7	2011	However, the effects of nicotine on NF-kappaB activity were significantly blocked by the highly specific janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide (AG-490) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor 2-hydroxy-4-[[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]acetyl]amino]-benzoic acid (NSC74859).	Nicotine	24-32	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
21228559-2	2011	Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have consistently linked several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 cluster on chromosome 15.q25 to smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	200-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-131
21858091-1	2011	Genome-wide association studies implicate variations in CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 as being associated with nicotine addiction (NA).	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-73
20890227-2	2010	This study aimed to further assess the role of beta2 and coexpressed nAChR subunits in the brain (alpha4, alpha6 and alpha7) to control monoamine-mediated locomotor response, that is, response to novelty, saline, nicotine with tranylcypromine pretreatment, cocaine, d-amphetamine and morphine treatments.	Nicotine	213-221	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	98-123
20941594-1	2011	RATIONALE: The synthesis and release of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin, endogenous ligands for delta-opioid peptide receptors (DOPrs), are altered following nicotine administration and may play a role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	160-168	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	40-54
20941594-1	2011	RATIONALE: The synthesis and release of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin, endogenous ligands for delta-opioid peptide receptors (DOPrs), are altered following nicotine administration and may play a role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	160-168	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	59-73
20941594-1	2011	RATIONALE: The synthesis and release of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin, endogenous ligands for delta-opioid peptide receptors (DOPrs), are altered following nicotine administration and may play a role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	207-215	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	40-54
20941594-1	2011	RATIONALE: The synthesis and release of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin, endogenous ligands for delta-opioid peptide receptors (DOPrs), are altered following nicotine administration and may play a role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	207-215	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	59-73
21266057-6	2011	Participants responded to survey items and provided blood samples for evaluation of phenotype and genotype of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 enzymes involved in nicotine and bupropion metabolism.	Nicotine	148-156	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	121-127
22963803-10	2012	Vaccination with CNI, but not NIC, resulted in an increase of self-administration responding on a progressive ratio schedule using a high nicotine dose (0.03 mg/kg/infusion;   2 cigarettes in human) as compared to KLH-controls.	Nicotine	138-146	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	17-20
22963803-11	2012	Furthermore, vaccination with CNI was able to antagonize the analgesic effects of a heavy bolus dose of nicotine (0.35 mg/kg).	Nicotine	104-112	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	30-33
22923641-9	2012	Consistent with this, inhibition of Src signaling blocked the ability of the lynx1 knockdown to increase basal and nicotine-stimulated GABA(A)R and mucin mRNA expression.	Nicotine	115-123	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	148-153
21232152-6	2011	Genotypes for two SNPs in the CHRNA3/5 region (rs8034191, rs1051730) previously associated with nicotine dependence and COPD were analyzed for association to COPD and nicotine dependence phenotypes.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-36
21232152-6	2011	Genotypes for two SNPs in the CHRNA3/5 region (rs8034191, rs1051730) previously associated with nicotine dependence and COPD were analyzed for association to COPD and nicotine dependence phenotypes.	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-36
22458409-4	2012	Here, we tested in fetal NSCs the extent to which EtOH and nicotine coregulated known EtOH-sensitive (miR-9, miR-21, miR-153, and miR-335), a nicotine-sensitive miRNA (miR-140-3p), and mRNAs for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	59-67	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	109-115
22085699-11	2011	We further demonstrated that through Src, the ligation of nicotine with nAChR stimulated the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway for the activation of E2F1 and further cell progression.	Nicotine	58-66	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	37-40
22085699-11	2011	We further demonstrated that through Src, the ligation of nicotine with nAChR stimulated the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway for the activation of E2F1 and further cell progression.	Nicotine	58-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	98-104
23012289-2	2012	Nicotine catabolism genes of the nicotine-degrading plasmid pAO1 were predicted, but plasmid function genes were not found.	Nicotine	0-8	spermine oxidase	Homo sapiens	60-64
22085699-11	2011	We further demonstrated that through Src, the ligation of nicotine with nAChR stimulated the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway for the activation of E2F1 and further cell progression.	Nicotine	58-66	E2F transcription factor 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	135-139
21822476-0	2011	Modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide y, glutamate, and substance p in Ganglia and brain areas involved in cardiovascular control after chronic exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	167-175	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
21822476-2	2011	Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization data demonstrated increased expression of TH in brain and ganglia related to blood pressure control, preferentially in SHR, after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	176-184	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	88-90
21187334-5	2011	Pixel-resolved normalized Forster resonance energy transfer microscopy between alpha4-FP subunits shows that nicotine stabilizes the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) stoichiometry before the nAChRs reach the trans-Golgi apparatus.	Nicotine	109-117	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	145-150
21187334-10	2011	The experimental data are simulated with a model incorporating two mechanisms: (1) nicotine acts as a stabilizing pharmacological chaperone for nascent alpha4beta2 nAChRs in the ER, eventually increasing PM receptors despite a bottleneck(s) in ER export; and (2) removal of the bottleneck (e.g., by expression of the beta2(enhanced-ER-export) subunit) is sufficient to increase PM nAChR numbers, even without nicotine.	Nicotine	83-91	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	158-163
23012289-2	2012	Nicotine catabolism genes of the nicotine-degrading plasmid pAO1 were predicted, but plasmid function genes were not found.	Nicotine	33-41	spermine oxidase	Homo sapiens	60-64
22728133-0	2012	Effect of prenatal exposure to nicotine on kidney glomerular mass and AT1R expression in genetically diverse strains of rats.	Nicotine	31-39	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
22205969-0	2011	ACSL6 is associated with the number of cigarettes smoked and its expression is altered by chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	98-106	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6	Mus musculus	0-5
22205969-7	2011	We then used in vitro and in vivo techniques to test if nicotine exposure influences the expression of ACSL6 in brain.	Nicotine	56-64	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6	Mus musculus	103-108
22205969-8	2011	Primary cortical culture studies showed that chronic (5-day) exposure to nicotine stimulated ACSL6 mRNA expression.	Nicotine	73-81	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6	Mus musculus	93-98
22205969-9	2011	Fourteen days of nicotine administration via osmotic mini pump also increased ACSL6 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice.	Nicotine	17-25	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6	Mus musculus	78-83
21931826-9	2011	Levels of the NOD2-RIPK2 complex were no different at 8 hours post-stimulation with combinations of CSE, nicotine and TNFalpha, but at 18 hours it was increased in cells stimulated with TNFalpha+CSE but decreased with TNFalpha alone (p = 0.0330); CSE reduced TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activity (p = 0.0014) at the same time-point.	Nicotine	105-113	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
22688057-7	2012	Treatment with nicotine prevented decreased expression and altered localization of occludin and ZO-1, as seen in animals undergoing burn alone.	Nicotine	15-23	occludin	Homo sapiens	83-91
21858078-1	2011	CYP82E4, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, has nicotine N-demethylase (NND) activity, which mediates the bioconversion of nicotine into nornicotine in senescing tobacco leaves.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	70-73
22855798-3	2012	Recently, we reported that nicotine exposure during adolescence results in a short-term increase and lasting reduction in synaptic mGluR2 levels in the rat mPFC, causing attention deficits during adulthood.	Nicotine	27-35	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	131-137
20664191-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine pretreatment significantly attenuated the severity of lung injury and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and HMGB-1 in mice with ALI.	Nicotine	9-17	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	140-146
22727790-6	2012	KEY FINDINGS: Treatment of HepG2 cells with the AhR receptor agonists BaP and CAY10465, inhibited apo A-I protein synthesis while nicotine, which does not bind AhR had no effect.	Nicotine	130-138	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	48-51
21209835-9	2010	Finally, activating DA VTA neurons optogenetically is sufficient to drive insertion of GluA2-lacking AMPARs, mimicking the changes observed after a single injection of morphine, nicotine or cocaine.	Nicotine	178-186	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	87-92
22147259-8	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine-treated mGluR5(+/+) and mGluR5(-/-) mice demonstrated similar threshold elevations during mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal compared with their saline-treated counterparts.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	26-32
21209835-9	2010	Finally, activating DA VTA neurons optogenetically is sufficient to drive insertion of GluA2-lacking AMPARs, mimicking the changes observed after a single injection of morphine, nicotine or cocaine.	Nicotine	178-186	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	101-107
22147259-9	2012	During spontaneous nicotine and cocaine withdrawal, thresholds in drug-withdrawing mGluR5(+/+), but not mGluR5(-/-), mice were elevated up to 72 h of nicotine/cocaine withdrawal and then returned to baseline, indicating attenuation of withdrawal-induced anhedonia in mGluR5(-/-) mice.	Nicotine	19-27	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	83-89
22147259-9	2012	During spontaneous nicotine and cocaine withdrawal, thresholds in drug-withdrawing mGluR5(+/+), but not mGluR5(-/-), mice were elevated up to 72 h of nicotine/cocaine withdrawal and then returned to baseline, indicating attenuation of withdrawal-induced anhedonia in mGluR5(-/-) mice.	Nicotine	150-158	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	83-89
22147259-10	2012	Nicotine-withdrawing mGluR5(+/+), but not mGluR5(-/-), mice showed increases in somatic signs compared with saline-treated counterparts.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	21-27
22382052-0	2012	A DRD2 and ANKK1 haplotype is associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	46-54	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	2-6
20626419-9	2010	Also, expression levels of osteopontin, type II collagen, bone morphogenic protein-2, bone sialoprotein, and core-binding factor alpha-1 were significantly down-regulated in the nicotine-delivered group compared with the control.	Nicotine	178-186	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
22382052-1	2012	To test the importance of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) region in nicotine dependence, 150 smokers and 228 controls were genotyped for the DRD2 C957T, -141delC and ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphisms (rs6277, rs1799732 and rs1800497, respectively).	Nicotine	68-76	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	52-56
22382052-5	2012	Our findings suggest that the DRD2 C957T polymorphism and the ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism are key contributors to the genetic susceptibility to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	141-149	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	30-34
22537161-0	2012	Nicotine, IFN-gamma and retinoic acid mediated induction of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer requires E2F1 and STAT-1 transcription factors and utilize different signaling cascades.	Nicotine	0-8	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-64
22537161-4	2012	Smoking is strongly correlated with pancreatic cancer and in the present study; we elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which nicotine as well as agents like retinoic acid (RA) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induce the expression of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer cell lines CD18, CAPAN2, AsPC1 and BxPC3.	Nicotine	127-135	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	236-240
20977974-4	2010	Nornicotine is likely produced almost entirely via the N-demethylation of nicotine, in a process called nicotine conversion that is catalyzed by the enzyme nicotine N-demethylase (NND).	Nicotine	3-11	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	156-178
22537161-6	2012	IFN-gamma and RA could collaborate with nicotine in elevating the expression of MUC4, utilizing E2F1 and STAT1 transcription factors.	Nicotine	40-48	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	80-84
20977974-4	2010	Nornicotine is likely produced almost entirely via the N-demethylation of nicotine, in a process called nicotine conversion that is catalyzed by the enzyme nicotine N-demethylase (NND).	Nicotine	3-11	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	180-183
22537161-7	2012	Depletion of STAT1 or E2F1 abrogated the induction of MUC4; nicotine-mediated induction of MUC4 appeared to require alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit.	Nicotine	60-68	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	54-58
20977974-4	2010	Nornicotine is likely produced almost entirely via the N-demethylation of nicotine, in a process called nicotine conversion that is catalyzed by the enzyme nicotine N-demethylase (NND).	Nicotine	74-82	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	156-178
22537161-7	2012	Depletion of STAT1 or E2F1 abrogated the induction of MUC4; nicotine-mediated induction of MUC4 appeared to require alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit.	Nicotine	60-68	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	91-95
20977974-4	2010	Nornicotine is likely produced almost entirely via the N-demethylation of nicotine, in a process called nicotine conversion that is catalyzed by the enzyme nicotine N-demethylase (NND).	Nicotine	74-82	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	180-183
20696214-2	2010	CHRNB4, which encodes the nAChR beta4 subunit, plays a major role in the molecular mechanisms that govern nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	106-114	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	32-37
20696214-3	2010	Thus, elucidating how expression of the beta4 gene is regulated is critical for understanding the pathophysiology of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	117-125	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	40-45
20615913-5	2010	Nicotine activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	19-66
22537161-9	2012	MUC4 was also found to be necessary for the nicotine-mediated invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that induction of MUC4 by nicotine and other agents might contribute to the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.	Nicotine	44-52	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
20736992-0	2010	Cortico-thalamic connectivity is vulnerable to nicotine exposure during early postnatal development through alpha4/beta2/alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	47-55	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	108-114
22537161-9	2012	MUC4 was also found to be necessary for the nicotine-mediated invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that induction of MUC4 by nicotine and other agents might contribute to the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.	Nicotine	44-52	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	128-132
20736992-7	2010	Consistent with a role for (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(2)alpha5 nAChRs in mediating the effect of developmental nicotine exposure on adult passive avoidance behavior, constitutive deletion of the alpha5 nAChR subunit also alters this behavior.	Nicotine	103-111	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	28-34
22537161-9	2012	MUC4 was also found to be necessary for the nicotine-mediated invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that induction of MUC4 by nicotine and other agents might contribute to the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.	Nicotine	136-144	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
22537161-9	2012	MUC4 was also found to be necessary for the nicotine-mediated invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that induction of MUC4 by nicotine and other agents might contribute to the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.	Nicotine	136-144	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	128-132
22155355-0	2012	Simultaneous determination of nicotine and PAH metabolites in human hair specimen: a potential methodology to assess tobacco smoke contribution in PAH exposure.	Nicotine	30-38	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	147-150
20579680-2	2010	We showed recently that nicotine induces osteopontin (OPN), a protein that plays critical roles in inflammation and tumor metastasis.	Nicotine	24-32	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	41-52
20579680-2	2010	We showed recently that nicotine induces osteopontin (OPN), a protein that plays critical roles in inflammation and tumor metastasis.	Nicotine	24-32	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	54-57
20579680-3	2010	We identified an OPN isoform, OPNc, that is selectively inducible by nicotine and highly expressed in PDA tissue from smokers.	Nicotine	69-77	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	17-20
22244706-7	2012	FINDINGS: Compared to participants who received 8 weeks of nicotine patch therapy, participants who received 24 weeks of treatment showed significantly less weight gain from pre-treatment to week 24 (beta=-4.76, 95% CI: -7.68 to -1.84, p=.002) and significantly less weight gain from week 8 to week 24 (beta=-2.31, 95% CI: -4.39 to -0.23, p=.03).	Nicotine	59-67	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	200-207
20615259-5	2010	RESULTS: The DTNBP1 polymorphism was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as nicotine and opiate dependence but not alcohol dependence.	Nicotine	116-124	dystrobrevin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
22218593-11	2012	Nicotine also reduced the level of gene expression of the renal inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-155
20477753-3	2010	Here, we studied whether effects of FAAH inhibition on nicotine-induced changes in activity of VTA DA neurons were specific for nicotine or extended to two drugs of abuse acting through different mechanisms, cocaine and morphine.	Nicotine	55-63	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
22315316-0	2012	Nicotine induces negative energy balance through hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	62-90
20353771-10	2010	Inhibitors of the acylethanolamide-degrading enzyme FAAH can increase levels of all acylethanolamides including annandamide, and some of the pharmacological effects caused by these inhibitors may be explained by increased cerebral levels of OEA and PEA, e.g., suppression of nicotine-induced activation of dopamine neurons.	Nicotine	275-283	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
22315316-4	2012	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its effect on energy balance.	Nicotine	55-63	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	80-108
22315316-4	2012	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its effect on energy balance.	Nicotine	55-63	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
22315316-5	2012	Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced weight loss is associated with inactivation of hypothalamic AMPK, decreased orexigenic signaling in the hypothalamus, increased energy expenditure as a result of increased locomotor activity, increased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and alterations in fuel substrate utilization.	Nicotine	25-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
22315316-6	2012	Conversely, nicotine withdrawal or genetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus reversed nicotine-induced negative energy balance.	Nicotine	132-140	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
22245993-4	2012	The results showed that, firstly, nicotine treatment promoted the development of DC precursors into imDCs with a semi-mature phenotype revealed by a higher expression of CD11c and more branched projections.	Nicotine	34-42	integrin alpha X	Mus musculus	170-175
22245993-5	2012	Secondly, lower doses of nicotine (16.5 ng/ml), but not higher (200 microg/ml), up-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD40 and CD54 on imDCs.	Nicotine	25-33	CD40 antigen	Mus musculus	146-150
22245993-5	2012	Secondly, lower doses of nicotine (16.5 ng/ml), but not higher (200 microg/ml), up-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD40 and CD54 on imDCs.	Nicotine	25-33	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	155-159
20422403-0	2010	The effects of the mGluR5 receptor antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) on behavioural responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	117-125	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	19-25
22382680-0	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 and beta4 subunits contribute nicotine-induced apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells.	Nicotine	70-78	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	44-49
20422403-1	2010	RATIONALE: Previous studies have shown that blockade of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors (mGluR5) results in inhibition of nicotine self-administration in experimental animals.	Nicotine	125-133	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	92-98
20422403-3	2010	OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of antagonising mGluR5 receptors on psychopharmacological responses to nicotine measured using conditioned and unconditioned behaviours.	Nicotine	110-118	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	55-61
20422403-9	2010	CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that mGluR5 receptors play an important role in mediating the effects of contextual cues in conditioned behavioural responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	188-196	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	64-70
20196140-0	2010	Differential effects of serotonin (5-HT)2 receptor-targeting ligands on locomotor responses to nicotine-repeated treatment.	Nicotine	95-103	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	24-50
20546793-6	2010	In Experiment 2, in situ hybridization was used to assess, in different male adolescent and adult rats, CRF mRNA expression in the BNST, PVN and CeA in response to acute nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
21063506-3	2010	They show that CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) is elevated in response to nicotine and that a neutralizing CCN2 antibody reduces the ability of nicotine to promote collagen production.	Nicotine	87-95	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	15-19
21063506-3	2010	They show that CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) is elevated in response to nicotine and that a neutralizing CCN2 antibody reduces the ability of nicotine to promote collagen production.	Nicotine	87-95	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	21-52
21063506-3	2010	They show that CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) is elevated in response to nicotine and that a neutralizing CCN2 antibody reduces the ability of nicotine to promote collagen production.	Nicotine	87-95	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
21063506-3	2010	They show that CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) is elevated in response to nicotine and that a neutralizing CCN2 antibody reduces the ability of nicotine to promote collagen production.	Nicotine	157-165	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
21063506-4	2010	These data suggest that nicotine from smoking may promote periodontal fibrosis via CCN2.	Nicotine	24-32	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
22382680-5	2012	The gene expressions of alpha7 and beta4 nAChR were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	65-73	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	35-40
20392695-1	2010	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) composed of alpha4 + beta2 subunits, the high affinity nicotine-binding site in the mammalian brain, up-regulate in response to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	106-114	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
20392695-1	2010	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) composed of alpha4 + beta2 subunits, the high affinity nicotine-binding site in the mammalian brain, up-regulate in response to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	187-195	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
22382680-12	2012	Collectively, the presence of alpha7 and beta4 nAChRs in PDLSCs supports a key role of nAChRs in the modulation of nicotine-induced apoptosis.	Nicotine	115-123	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	41-46
20803089-5	2010	While, nicotine treatment for 14 days induced an increase in hypothalamic agouti-related protein, cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript, pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expressions, nicotine also produced a reducing effect in body weight gain and leptin concentration in NF mice.	Nicotine	7-15	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	146-166
23061658-6	2012	Moreover variants on the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNB4-CHRNA5 are associated with nicotine addiction antismoking therapy and antismoking therapy side-effects.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-44
22949846-7	2012	The simulations also account for previous macroscopic and single-channel observations that pharmacological chaperoning by nicotine and cytisine increase the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) populations, respectively.	Nicotine	122-130	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	169-174
20566638-1	2010	In the mammalian brain high affinity nicotine-binding sites are composed of at least the alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	37-45	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
20566638-3	2010	The introduction of alpha5 into 293 cells expressing alpha4+beta2 strongly favors assembly of alpha4+alpha5+beta2 receptors, increases constitutive ligand binding density as measured using [(3)H]epibatidine, but reduces the magnitude of up-regulation in response to chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	274-282	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
20808433-1	2010	Multiple genome-wide and targeted association studies reveal a significant association of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-119
20700436-1	2010	Recently, genetic association findings for nicotine dependence, smoking behavior, and smoking-related diseases converged to implicate the chromosome 15q25.1 region, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit genes.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-197
21423427-1	2010	We previously reported that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in humans.	Nicotine	97-105	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	28-56
21423427-1	2010	We previously reported that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in humans.	Nicotine	97-105	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	58-62
20153341-0	2010	Effects of serotonin (5-HT)2 receptor ligands on depression-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	81-89	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	11-37
20400893-2	2010	Although numerous studies have shown that high-affinity beta2-containing nAChRs are necessary for the nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual fear conditioning, it is unknown whether other high-affinity nAChR agonists are capable of enhancing this learning.	Nicotine	102-110	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
22949846-7	2012	The simulations also account for previous macroscopic and single-channel observations that pharmacological chaperoning by nicotine and cytisine increase the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) populations, respectively.	Nicotine	122-130	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
20117222-2	2010	We previously reported sexually diergic, dose-dependent HPA responses in vivo following nicotine administration: Male rats had greater arginine vasopressin (AVP) responses than females, and female rats had greater adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) responses than males.	Nicotine	88-96	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	269-273
20482699-4	2010	Nicotine-induced oxidation currents were blocked by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, nitro-l-arginine (NLA, 100 micromol L(-1)).	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Cavia porcellus	56-77
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	0-36
20106947-8	2010	We provide evidence for the first time that nicotine strongly activated Stat3, leading to Cyclin D1 overexpression, cell cycle perturbations, and chemoresistance.	Nicotine	44-52	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	90-99
20582262-5	2010	Nicotine (1-300 muM), acting at neuronal nicotinic receptors, caused similar longitudinal muscle relaxations in colonic segments from WT and P2X2 and P2X3 subunit KO mice.	Nicotine	0-8	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2	Mus musculus	141-145
19833142-0	2010	Nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in rats: sex differences and the role of mGluR5 receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	87-93
19833142-3	2010	Modulation of nicotine-induced CPP with mGluR5 inhibition was obtained by MPEP (2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride).	Nicotine	14-22	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	40-46
19833142-6	2010	The selective mGluR5 antagonist MPEP inhibited nicotine-induced CPP in male rats.	Nicotine	47-55	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	14-20
20827341-6	2010	Nicotine as a ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in adrenal medulla stimulates catecholamine secretion and activates TH and DBH gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	137-139
20827341-7	2010	Nicotine treatment increased mRNA levels of TH and DBH by 3.3- and 3.1-fold in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	44-46
20712524-1	2010	AIMS: This study evaluates the relationship of six polymorphisms found in the CHRNA3, DRD2 and COMT genes with nicotine dependence, the ability to quit smoking and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms after short-term use of nicotine patch in hospitalized patients.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-84
20712524-1	2010	AIMS: This study evaluates the relationship of six polymorphisms found in the CHRNA3, DRD2 and COMT genes with nicotine dependence, the ability to quit smoking and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms after short-term use of nicotine patch in hospitalized patients.	Nicotine	111-119	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	86-90
20712524-1	2010	AIMS: This study evaluates the relationship of six polymorphisms found in the CHRNA3, DRD2 and COMT genes with nicotine dependence, the ability to quit smoking and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms after short-term use of nicotine patch in hospitalized patients.	Nicotine	111-119	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	95-99
20712524-1	2010	AIMS: This study evaluates the relationship of six polymorphisms found in the CHRNA3, DRD2 and COMT genes with nicotine dependence, the ability to quit smoking and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms after short-term use of nicotine patch in hospitalized patients.	Nicotine	226-234	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-84
20712524-1	2010	AIMS: This study evaluates the relationship of six polymorphisms found in the CHRNA3, DRD2 and COMT genes with nicotine dependence, the ability to quit smoking and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms after short-term use of nicotine patch in hospitalized patients.	Nicotine	226-234	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	86-90
20712524-1	2010	AIMS: This study evaluates the relationship of six polymorphisms found in the CHRNA3, DRD2 and COMT genes with nicotine dependence, the ability to quit smoking and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms after short-term use of nicotine patch in hospitalized patients.	Nicotine	226-234	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	95-99
20712524-4	2010	RESULTS: After correcting for multiple testing, three polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene (Taq1A, Taq1B and Pro319Pro) were significantly associated with nicotine dependence (p = 0.018, p = 0.048 and p = 0.006, respectively).	Nicotine	149-157	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	75-79
20339300-8	2010	Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Bcl-2, Pax3, Bmp4 and Slug was down-regulated in the nicotine group, while the expression of P53, Bax and Msx1 was up-regulated.	Nicotine	100-108	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	38-44
20712524-5	2010	Using a cutoff point for the FTND score, the CHRNA3 Tyr215Tyr (rs1051730) polymorphism was also associated with nicotine dependence (p = 0.037 and p = 0.074 after correction for multiple testing).	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-51
20712524-7	2010	CONCLUSION: This study confirms the reported association of the CHRNA3 locus with nicotine dependence and shows the involvement of two independent DRD2 polymorphisms in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-70
20712524-7	2010	CONCLUSION: This study confirms the reported association of the CHRNA3 locus with nicotine dependence and shows the involvement of two independent DRD2 polymorphisms in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	169-177	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	147-151
19957878-5	2009	The authors found differences between male alcohol-dependent inpatients with nicotine dependence (n = 94) and those with nondependence (n = 32) in OAS subtypes.	Nicotine	77-85	SPARC related modular calcium binding 1	Homo sapiens	147-150
23056257-8	2012	Sustained exposure to nicotine preferentially increased the expression of Math1 among different basic helix-loop-helix proneural genes examined.	Nicotine	22-30	atonal bHLH transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	74-79
19641473-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that SNPs in the CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 region contribute to lung cancer risk, and while variant alleles are less frequent in African Americans, risk in this group may be greater than in whites and less likely to reflect an indirect effect on lung cancer risk through nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	299-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-59
19749751-4	2009	We found that micromolar concentrations of nicotine activated heterologously expressed mouse and human TRPA1.	Nicotine	43-51	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
20498001-5	2010	Human chorionic gonadotropin or taurine supplementation with nicotine prevented the degeneration of germ cells to some extent, restored spermatogenesis moderately with decreased sperm head abnormalities, and enhanced sperm counts, accompanied with increase in plasma and ITT concentrations, testicular StAR gene expression, and key androgenic enzymes activities.	Nicotine	61-69	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	302-306
20490579-6	2010	Subsequently, we analyzed the modulatory effects of nicotine on A(2a)R in cell culture in order to evaluate its possible involvement in the development of hypertension.	Nicotine	52-60	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
20490579-8	2010	Moreover, nicotine modulated A(2a)R binding, protein, and mRNA expression in cells from both strains.	Nicotine	10-18	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
20490579-9	2010	Interestingly, nicotine decreased A(2a)R binding and increased protein levels, as well as, induced a differential modulation in A(2a)R mRNA expression.	Nicotine	15-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
20490579-9	2010	Interestingly, nicotine decreased A(2a)R binding and increased protein levels, as well as, induced a differential modulation in A(2a)R mRNA expression.	Nicotine	15-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	128-134
22952803-0	2012	Nicotine promotes proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating alpha7AChR, ERK, HIF-1alpha and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
20490579-10	2010	Results give us a clue about the mechanisms involved in the modulatory effects of nicotine on A(2a)R as well as hypothesize its possible contribution to the development of hypertension.	Nicotine	82-90	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	94-100
20490579-11	2010	In conclusion, we demonstrated that A(2a)R of SHR cells which differ from WKY and nicotine differentially modulates A(2a)R in dorsal brainstem cells of SHR and WKY.	Nicotine	82-90	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
20490579-11	2010	In conclusion, we demonstrated that A(2a)R of SHR cells which differ from WKY and nicotine differentially modulates A(2a)R in dorsal brainstem cells of SHR and WKY.	Nicotine	82-90	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	116-122
19828259-0	2010	Orexin and leptin are associated with nicotine craving: a link between smoking, appetite and reward.	Nicotine	38-46	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	0-6
19828259-3	2010	The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between orexin and leptin, and nicotine craving in smokers in a clinical case-control study under standardized conditions.	Nicotine	93-101	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	70-76
19763258-0	2009	Association and interaction analyses of GABBR1 and GABBR2 with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American populations.	Nicotine	63-71	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	51-57
19482438-0	2009	Association of genes coding for the alpha-4, alpha-5, beta-2 and beta-3 subunits of nicotinic receptors with cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	54-60
19483072-1	2009	Nicotine stimulates presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in perivascular adrenergic nerves and releases unknown transmitter(s) that activate transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) nerves, resulting in vasodilation.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-197
19828259-6	2010	RESULTS: As main results we detected a significant negative correlation between orexin plasma concentration and nicotine craving (r=-0.28; p&lt;.05), and a positive association between craving and leptin plasma concentration (r=0.29; p&lt;.05).	Nicotine	112-120	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	80-86
22952803-4	2012	The mechanism studies showed that the observed stimulation of proliferation was accompanied by the nicotine-mediated simultaneous modulation of alpha7AChR, HIF-1alpha, ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling.	Nicotine	99-107	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
19828259-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an association between craving for nicotine and plasma concentrations of orexin and leptin suggesting that both peptides interfere with the dopaminergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal in a bidirectional manner and, thus, modulate craving for nicotine.	Nicotine	65-73	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	103-109
19828259-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an association between craving for nicotine and plasma concentrations of orexin and leptin suggesting that both peptides interfere with the dopaminergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal in a bidirectional manner and, thus, modulate craving for nicotine.	Nicotine	203-211	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	103-109
19483072-1	2009	Nicotine stimulates presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in perivascular adrenergic nerves and releases unknown transmitter(s) that activate transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) nerves, resulting in vasodilation.	Nicotine	0-8	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	210-241
19483072-1	2009	Nicotine stimulates presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in perivascular adrenergic nerves and releases unknown transmitter(s) that activate transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) nerves, resulting in vasodilation.	Nicotine	0-8	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	243-247
19483072-5	2009	Capsazepine (TRPV1 antagonist) blunted nicotine-induced vasodilation, but had no effect on the reduction of pH.	Nicotine	39-47	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
19828259-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an association between craving for nicotine and plasma concentrations of orexin and leptin suggesting that both peptides interfere with the dopaminergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal in a bidirectional manner and, thus, modulate craving for nicotine.	Nicotine	203-211	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	103-109
19483072-12	2009	These results indicate that nicotine initially stimulates adrenergic nerves via nicotinic alpha(3)beta(4)-receptors to release protons and thereby induces CGRPergic nerve-mediated vasodilation via TRPV1.	Nicotine	28-36	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
22952803-9	2012	Moreover, nicotine upregulated the expression of VEGF but suppressed the expression of PEDF at mRNA and protein levels, leading to a significant increase of the ratio of VEGF/PEDF in NPC cells.	Nicotine	10-18	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
22952803-9	2012	Moreover, nicotine upregulated the expression of VEGF but suppressed the expression of PEDF at mRNA and protein levels, leading to a significant increase of the ratio of VEGF/PEDF in NPC cells.	Nicotine	10-18	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
22952803-10	2012	Pretreatment with a alpha7AChR or ERK-selective inhibitor or transfection with a HIF-1alpha-specific siRNA in NPC cells significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha expression and VEGF/PEDF ratio.	Nicotine	148-156	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	196-200
21592253-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes were used much as people would use nicotine replacement medications: by former smokers to avoid relapse or as an aid to cut down or quit smoking.	Nicotine	61-69	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-142
19484221-5	2009	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the effect of inhibiting FAAH enzyme by URB597 on nicotine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule and reinstatement of nicotine seeking, in comparison with the effect of the CB(1) antagonist rimonabant.	Nicotine	97-105	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
19484221-5	2009	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the effect of inhibiting FAAH enzyme by URB597 on nicotine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule and reinstatement of nicotine seeking, in comparison with the effect of the CB(1) antagonist rimonabant.	Nicotine	182-190	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
19529922-0	2009	Hypocretin mechanisms in nicotine addiction: evidence and speculation.	Nicotine	25-33	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	0-10
20211606-4	2010	Robust concentration-dependent increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation was triggered by structurally diverse alpha7 nAChR agonists such as nicotine, choline, GTS-21, SSR-180711A and PNU-282987 in the presence of the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) PNU-120596.	Nicotine	134-142	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
20211707-4	2010	Males displayed persistent upregulation of 5HT(1A) and 5HT(2) receptors and the 5HT transporter, with a distinct hierarchy of effects: nicotine&lt;dexamethasone&lt;combined treatment.	Nicotine	135-143	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
19529922-2	2009	Theoretically, hypocretin (hcrt) mechanisms appear to be potential substrates for nicotine addiction: arousal and attentional mechanisms influence use and withdrawal symptoms, and hcrt systems overlap anatomically with a number of brain regions associated with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	82-90	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	27-31
19529922-2	2009	Theoretically, hypocretin (hcrt) mechanisms appear to be potential substrates for nicotine addiction: arousal and attentional mechanisms influence use and withdrawal symptoms, and hcrt systems overlap anatomically with a number of brain regions associated with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	261-269	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	27-31
19529922-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: This review summarizes the studies that have examined hcrt mechanisms in the effects of nicotine and describes hcrt innervation of, and effects in, several brain regions implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	99-107	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	65-69
19529922-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: This review summarizes the studies that have examined hcrt mechanisms in the effects of nicotine and describes hcrt innervation of, and effects in, several brain regions implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	195-203	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	65-69
19529922-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: This review summarizes the studies that have examined hcrt mechanisms in the effects of nicotine and describes hcrt innervation of, and effects in, several brain regions implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	195-203	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	122-126
19529922-4	2009	The review speculates on the possible mechanisms by which hcrt may contribute to nicotine addiction in these regions, with the objective of encouraging research in this area.	Nicotine	81-89	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	58-62
19529922-5	2009	RESULTS: In a small literature, both experimenter-administered and self-administered nicotine have been shown to elicit or depend on hcrt signaling.	Nicotine	85-93	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	133-137
19529922-6	2009	However, although untested in experimental designs, there is compelling evidence that hcrt mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area, the pontine region, thalamocortical circuits, the prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala could have a broad influence on nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	251-259	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	86-90
19529922-7	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Evidence reviewed leads to the conclusion that hcrt mechanisms could mediate several dimensions of nicotine addiction, including a multi-faceted regulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic function, but beyond dopaminergic mechanisms, hcrt could influence nicotine use and relapse during abstinence through broadly based arousal/attentional effects.	Nicotine	112-120	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	60-64
19529922-7	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Evidence reviewed leads to the conclusion that hcrt mechanisms could mediate several dimensions of nicotine addiction, including a multi-faceted regulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic function, but beyond dopaminergic mechanisms, hcrt could influence nicotine use and relapse during abstinence through broadly based arousal/attentional effects.	Nicotine	112-120	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	249-253
19529922-7	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Evidence reviewed leads to the conclusion that hcrt mechanisms could mediate several dimensions of nicotine addiction, including a multi-faceted regulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic function, but beyond dopaminergic mechanisms, hcrt could influence nicotine use and relapse during abstinence through broadly based arousal/attentional effects.	Nicotine	270-278	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	60-64
20188797-8	2010	These results suggest that carriers of the high activity COMT variant are more prone to develop a higher level of nicotine dependence, or that they release more dopamine than carriers of Met/Met or Met/Val genotypes.	Nicotine	114-122	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	57-61
19859904-0	2010	Association and interaction analysis of variants in CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in African and European Americans.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-65
19859904-1	2010	Several previous genome-wide and targeted association studies revealed that variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 that encode the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in European Americans (EAs) or others of European origin.	Nicotine	279-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-105
19859904-1	2010	Several previous genome-wide and targeted association studies revealed that variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 that encode the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in European Americans (EAs) or others of European origin.	Nicotine	279-287	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	174-199
22006310-8	2011	NUP1-RNAi hairy roots had reduced NUP1 mRNA accumulation levels, reduced total nicotine levels, and increased nicotine accumulation in the hairy root culture media.	Nicotine	79-87	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
20056136-4	2010	We found that s.c. nicotine infusion (1.2 mg free base/kg/d delivered by mini-pumps for 7 days) induced in vivo an increase in tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA)-but not TrkB, TrkC or low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75)-expression in BF cholinergic neurons targeting the cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	19-27	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	218-221
20056136-4	2010	We found that s.c. nicotine infusion (1.2 mg free base/kg/d delivered by mini-pumps for 7 days) induced in vivo an increase in tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA)-but not TrkB, TrkC or low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75)-expression in BF cholinergic neurons targeting the cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	19-27	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	223-226
19065145-1	2009	The val allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val(158)met polymorphism has been linked with nicotine dependence and with cognitive performance in healthy volunteers.	Nicotine	104-112	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	22-50
19065145-1	2009	The val allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val(158)met polymorphism has been linked with nicotine dependence and with cognitive performance in healthy volunteers.	Nicotine	104-112	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	52-56
19065145-7	2009	These data suggest a novel brain-behavior mechanism that may underlie the increased susceptibility to nicotine dependence and smoking relapse associated with the COMT val allele.	Nicotine	102-110	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	162-166
22006310-8	2011	NUP1-RNAi hairy roots had reduced NUP1 mRNA accumulation levels, reduced total nicotine levels, and increased nicotine accumulation in the hairy root culture media.	Nicotine	110-118	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
19644963-0	2010	Association of a variant in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 gene (CHRM2) with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	74-79
22006310-9	2011	Regenerated NUP1-RNAi plants showed reduced foliar and root nicotine levels as well as increased seedling root elongation rates.	Nicotine	60-68	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	12-16
19644963-3	2010	In the present study we provide evidence that a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5" untranslated region of CHRM2, the gene coding for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 is associated with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	211-219	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	125-130
22006310-10	2011	Thus, NUP1 affected nicotine metabolism, localization, and root growth.	Nicotine	20-28	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-10
19644963-4	2010	CHRM2 was defined as a candidate gene for nicotine addiction based on previous evidence that linked variations in CHRM2 to alcohol and drug dependence.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
19644963-4	2010	CHRM2 was defined as a candidate gene for nicotine addiction based on previous evidence that linked variations in CHRM2 to alcohol and drug dependence.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
19644963-6	2010	The impact of three SNPs in CHRM2 on smoking behavior/nicotine addiction was investigated using logistic regression models or a quasi-Poisson regression model, respectively.	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
19644963-10	2010	Alternatively, variations in CHRM2 could modulate presynaptic auto-regulation in cholinergic systems and may thereby affect an individual"s response to nicotine more specifically.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
19347958-0	2009	Interactions of serotonin (5-HT)2 receptor-targeting ligands and nicotine: locomotor activity studies in rats.	Nicotine	65-73	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	16-42
19594327-10	2009	Ketoconazole reduced the nicotine-mediated increase in CYP2D22 expression and activity, dopamine content, and TH-immunoreactivity.	Nicotine	25-33	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22	Mus musculus	55-62
19594327-11	2009	The results indicate the expression of CYP2D22 in mouse striatum and its possible role in the MPTP-induced PD phenotype and nicotine-mediated neuroprotection.	Nicotine	124-132	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22	Mus musculus	39-46
19469000-6	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine (100 microg/mL, 200 microg/mL) enhanced TE-13 cells migration and invasion, and increased the protein expression of COX-2 and the activity of MMP-2.	Nicotine	9-17	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	160-165
19285975-0	2009	Differential induction of ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1 and nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1/2 in rat liver by chronic nicotine treatment and voluntary ethanol intake.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-86
19285975-0	2009	Differential induction of ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1 and nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1/2 in rat liver by chronic nicotine treatment and voluntary ethanol intake.	Nicotine	113-121	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-86
19285975-8	2009	CYP2B1/2 proteins were not induced by nicotine alone, but were increased by 2.2-2.5 fold by ethanol drinking (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	38-46	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
20033907-5	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The effects of aripiprazole, a partial agonist of the dopamine D2 receptor, may reduce the severity of nicotine dependence in schizophrenic patients.	Nicotine	116-124	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	67-87
21742048-2	2011	In the present study, we demonstrated that nNOS expression enhances the nicotine-triggered activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in nNOS-transfected PC12 (NPC12) cells.	Nicotine	72-80	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	105-146
19285975-11	2009	Chronic nicotine increased voluntary ethanol intake thereby enhancing CYP2E1 and CYP2B1/2 levels.	Nicotine	8-16	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
21742048-2	2011	In the present study, we demonstrated that nNOS expression enhances the nicotine-triggered activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in nNOS-transfected PC12 (NPC12) cells.	Nicotine	72-80	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	148-154
19906009-3	2010	A growing number of HMGB1 inhibitors ranging from neutralizing antibodies, endogenous hormones, to medicinal herb-derived small molecule HMGB1 inhibitors (such as nicotine, glycyrrhizin, tanshinones, and EGCG) are proven protective against lethal infection and ischemic injury.	Nicotine	163-171	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
19906009-3	2010	A growing number of HMGB1 inhibitors ranging from neutralizing antibodies, endogenous hormones, to medicinal herb-derived small molecule HMGB1 inhibitors (such as nicotine, glycyrrhizin, tanshinones, and EGCG) are proven protective against lethal infection and ischemic injury.	Nicotine	163-171	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
21742048-3	2011	Treatment with nicotine increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 in the NPC12 cells as compared with that in control PC12 cells.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
19890701-12	2010	Nicotine reduced the expression and translocation of HMGB1 in the inflamed joints of CIA mice.	Nicotine	0-8	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	53-58
19137279-12	2009	When monkeys were given nicotine bid repeatedly after overnight nicotine abstinence, CA utilization was reduced.	Nicotine	24-32	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Macaca mulatta	33-36
19137279-12	2009	When monkeys were given nicotine bid repeatedly after overnight nicotine abstinence, CA utilization was reduced.	Nicotine	64-72	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Macaca mulatta	33-36
21742048-5	2011	The nicotine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PC12 cells was observed by their pretreatment with a NO donor.	Nicotine	4-12	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
21742048-6	2011	Moreover, the enhancement of nicotine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the NPC12 cells was regulated by intracellular glutathione levels, but not by the soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling.	Nicotine	29-37	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
21742048-8	2011	Taken together, these findings suggest that nicotine modulates NO-dependent redox condition; the resulting calcium influx, would increase ERK1/2 phosphorylation in nNOS expressing cells.	Nicotine	44-52	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	138-144
21620901-7	2011	While nicotinic cholinergic agonist, nicotine, significantly attenuated ICV STZ induced mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3 activity.	Nicotine	37-45	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
19162104-1	2009	To determine the effect of perinatal exposure to nicotine on water intake and salt appetite related to renin-angiotensin system in the offspring, maternal rats during perinatal period [gestation (G) or gestation plus lactation (G+L)] were subcutaneously administrated with nicotine.	Nicotine	49-57	renin	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
19098091-2	2009	We here report that tobacco genes (NtMATE1 and NtMATE2) encoding transporters of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family are coordinately regulated with structural genes for nicotine biosynthesis in the root, with respect to spatial expression patterns, regulation by NIC regulatory loci, and induction by methyl jasmonate.	Nicotine	191-199	protein DETOXIFICATION 40-like	Nicotiana tabacum	35-42
19098091-5	2009	In contrast, overexpression of NtMATE1 in cultured tobacco cells induced strong acidification of the cytoplasm after jasmonate elicitation or after the addition of nicotine under nonelicited conditions.	Nicotine	164-172	protein DETOXIFICATION 40-like	Nicotiana tabacum	31-38
20131324-3	2010	The purpose of this study was to determine if nicotine exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy alters the expression of SP-A and SP-D of fetal lung epithelia.	Nicotine	46-54	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	Ovis aries	129-133
20131324-6	2010	Exposure to nicotine significantly decreased SP-A gene expression (P = 0.01) and SP-A protein level in pre-term lambs.	Nicotine	12-20	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	Ovis aries	45-49
20131324-6	2010	Exposure to nicotine significantly decreased SP-A gene expression (P = 0.01) and SP-A protein level in pre-term lambs.	Nicotine	12-20	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	Ovis aries	81-85
20066400-1	2010	AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine if acute nicotine attenuated ketamine-induced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).	Nicotine	57-65	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
20066400-5	2010	Nicotine alone induced marked rCBF elevations in the lateral occipital cortex and rCBF suppressions in the basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex.	Nicotine	0-8	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
20066400-5	2010	Nicotine alone induced marked rCBF elevations in the lateral occipital cortex and rCBF suppressions in the basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex.	Nicotine	0-8	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
20066400-6	2010	Nicotine added to ketamine attenuated the ketamine-induced elevated rCBF in the anterior cingulate cortex but caused a marked rCBF increase in the orbital frontal region.	Nicotine	0-8	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
20066400-6	2010	Nicotine added to ketamine attenuated the ketamine-induced elevated rCBF in the anterior cingulate cortex but caused a marked rCBF increase in the orbital frontal region.	Nicotine	0-8	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
20066400-8	2010	Nicotine substantially ameliorated the effects of ketamine on anterior cingulate rCBF and, when given alone, markedly suppressed anterior cingulate rCBF.	Nicotine	0-8	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
20066400-8	2010	Nicotine substantially ameliorated the effects of ketamine on anterior cingulate rCBF and, when given alone, markedly suppressed anterior cingulate rCBF.	Nicotine	0-8	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
19098091-6	2009	Expression of NtMATE1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells compromised the accumulation of exogenously supplied nicotine into the yeast cells.	Nicotine	117-125	protein DETOXIFICATION 40-like	Nicotiana tabacum	14-21
18849602-6	2009	COX-2 expression was also determined by Western blot in the kidney cortex of rats treated with nicotine and in cultured human mesangial cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	95-103	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
18849602-6	2009	COX-2 expression was also determined by Western blot in the kidney cortex of rats treated with nicotine and in cultured human mesangial cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	155-163	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
18849602-8	2009	In nephritic rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased fibronectin and COX-2 expression.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
19013940-1	2009	Models of intravenous nicotine self-administration in laboratory animals are being used to investigate the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of nicotine reinforcement, and to aid in the development of novel pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	22-30	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	185-188
19879865-1	2010	Nicotine plays a role in smoking-associated cardiovascular diseases, and may upregulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	88-120
19879865-8	2010	MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels increased in the supernatant of SMC cells incubated with nicotine 150 nM (P&lt;0.05) but not with 50 nM.	Nicotine	80-88	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
19879865-12	2010	These findings suggest that nicotine produces cardiovascular effects involving MMPs.	Nicotine	28-36	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
21743000-0	2011	Effects of nicotine administration in a mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, alpha-tropomyosin D175N.	Nicotine	11-19	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	93-110
19879865-13	2010	It is possible that MMPs inhibition may counteract the effects produced by nicotine.	Nicotine	75-83	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
20147556-7	2010	Intracerebroventricular infusion of hypocretin-1 (Hcrt-1) (0.75 nmol/1 mul) or footshock stress reinstated a previously extinguished nicotine-seeking behavior.	Nicotine	133-141	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	50-54
20147556-10	2010	Therefore, the Hcrt system interacts with CRF and AVP neurons in the PVN and modulates the anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine whereas Hcrt and CRF play a different role in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	118-126	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	15-19
20147556-10	2010	Therefore, the Hcrt system interacts with CRF and AVP neurons in the PVN and modulates the anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine whereas Hcrt and CRF play a different role in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	194-202	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	15-19
20147556-10	2010	Therefore, the Hcrt system interacts with CRF and AVP neurons in the PVN and modulates the anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine whereas Hcrt and CRF play a different role in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	194-202	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	135-139
19658047-1	2009	Whole genome scan studies have recently identified the NRXN1 and NRXN3 genes as potential contributing factors in the risk for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	127-135	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	65-70
19658047-7	2009	However, this candidate gene study supports the observations of molecular studies implicating the NRXN genes in drug addiction and suggests that variants in the NRXN3 gene could contribute to the degree of nicotine dependence in patients with schizophrenia.	Nicotine	206-214	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	161-166
19064933-5	2008	Genetic association studies indicate that a genetic locus, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, plays a role in nicotine consumption and dependence.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-91
20147556-11	2010	Indeed, Hcrt-1 reinstates nicotine-seeking through a mechanism independent of CRF activation whereas CRF mediates the reinstatement induced by stress.	Nicotine	26-34	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	8-12
21795689-8	2011	In functional secretion assays, nicotine-evoked [(3)H]norepinephrine release from cells overexpressing Plg-R(KT) was markedly decreased (by 51 +- 2%, p &lt; 0.001) when compared with control transfected cells, and antibody blockade increased [(3)H]norepinephrine release from non-transfected PC12 cells.	Nicotine	32-40	plasminogen receptor with a C-terminal lysine	Rattus norvegicus	103-112
19896527-2	2010	We tested the hypothesis that nicotine increases expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha7 and beta2 in a piglet model.	Nicotine	30-38	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
19896527-5	2010	Compared to controls, nicotine exposed piglets had decreased alpha7 in the rostral dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (rDMNV) (p=0.01), and increased beta2 in the caudal DMNV (cDMNV) (p=0.05), caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (cNSTT) (p=0.03) and caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) (p=0.04).	Nicotine	22-30	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	149-154
19896527-7	2010	Compared to control males, nicotine exposed males had lower beta2 in the cXII (p&lt;0.01).	Nicotine	27-35	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
18950618-7	2008	Ketanserin, a 5-HT2a and 5-HT2c receptor antagonist, significantly attenuates nicotine effects on attention and memory.	Nicotine	78-86	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	14-40
18926802-1	2008	The present study determined the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during the early developmental period on AT(1)R and AT(2)R mRNA and protein abundance in the rat brain.	Nicotine	52-60	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	111-117
18926802-1	2008	The present study determined the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during the early developmental period on AT(1)R and AT(2)R mRNA and protein abundance in the rat brain.	Nicotine	52-60	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	122-128
19714494-5	2010	Protective effects of nicotine and the AChE inhibitors were antagonized by nAChR antagonists.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
19559037-1	2010	Pharmacological activation of group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2 and mGlu3) receptors inhibits reward-seeking behavior and/or rewarding efficacy induced by drugs (cocaine, nicotine) or natural rewards (food, sucrose).	Nicotine	176-184	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	73-78
19846875-5	2009	Nicotine reduced T cell proliferation in response to an encephalitogenic Ag, as well as the production of Th1 (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	163-169
21911393-0	2011	Protein kinase C epsilon modulates nicotine consumption and dopamine reward signals in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	35-43	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	0-24
19165623-2	2009	By down-regulation of PMT through three kinds of RNA silencing approaches, the nicotine levels decreased accordingly.	Nicotine	79-87	putrescine N-methyltransferase 3	Nicotiana tabacum	22-25
21911393-5	2011	Here we find that Prkce(-/-) mice self-administer less nicotine and show decreased conditioned place preference for nicotine compared with wild-type mice.	Nicotine	55-63	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	18-23
19824047-5	2009	Nicotine increased NGF expression both at the mRNA and protein level and also created a receptor imbalance deriving from increased expression of the pro-inflammatory p75(NTR) receptor without any concomitant change in the high-affinity trkA receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	166-183
21911393-5	2011	Here we find that Prkce(-/-) mice self-administer less nicotine and show decreased conditioned place preference for nicotine compared with wild-type mice.	Nicotine	116-124	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	18-23
19628475-7	2009	NAChRs formed by mutant alpha3 and alpha4 and wild-type (WT) beta4 subunits exhibited altered affinity for nicotine (Nic), reduced use-dependent rundown of Nic-activated currents (I(Nic)) and reduced desensitization leading to sustained intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, in comparison with WT-nAChR.	Nicotine	107-115	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	61-66
19628476-1	2009	A cluster of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes on chromosome 15 (CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4) has been shown to be associated with nicotine dependence and smoking quantity.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-89
21911393-7	2011	Our results indicate that PKCepsilon regulates reward signaling through alpha(6)-containing nicotinic receptors and suggest that PKCepsilon could be a target for the treatment of comorbid nicotine and alcohol addictions.	Nicotine	188-196	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	26-36
19628476-8	2009	Variation at CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 cluster influences nicotine level, measured as cotinine, more strongly than smoking quantity, measured by CPD, and appears thus to be involved in regulation of nicotine levels among smokers.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-26
21911393-7	2011	Our results indicate that PKCepsilon regulates reward signaling through alpha(6)-containing nicotinic receptors and suggest that PKCepsilon could be a target for the treatment of comorbid nicotine and alcohol addictions.	Nicotine	188-196	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	129-139
19628476-8	2009	Variation at CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 cluster influences nicotine level, measured as cotinine, more strongly than smoking quantity, measured by CPD, and appears thus to be involved in regulation of nicotine levels among smokers.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-26
21778810-6	2011	It was of interest that the CHRNA3/5 locus was associated with nicotine dependence and lung cancer as well.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-34
20871796-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Several studies have found replicable associations between nicotine dependence and specific variants in the nicotinic receptor genes CHRNA5(rs16969968) and CHRNA3(rs3743078).	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-174
19803778-6	2009	These findings suggest that genetic variation in UGT isoenzymes that act in additive and interactive ways is an important determinant of individual variability in nicotine and cotinine metabolism via glucuronidation pathways.	Nicotine	163-171	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	49-52
21606497-0	2011	Tristetraprolin mediates anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.	Nicotine	54-62	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	0-15
19706762-0	2009	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster affects risk for nicotine dependence in African-Americans and in European-Americans.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-17
21606497-3	2011	Here we show that in LPS-stimulated human macrophages the anti-inflammatory action of nicotine is mediated by TTP.	Nicotine	86-94	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	110-113
19706762-1	2009	Genetic association studies have shown the importance of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q24-25.1 for the risk of nicotine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer in populations of European descent.	Nicotine	187-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-86
19706762-7	2009	The CHRNA3 SNP rs578776, which has a low correlation with rs16969968, is associated with nicotine dependence in European-Americans but not in African-Americans.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
21606497-4	2011	Nicotine induced activation of STAT3 enhanced STAT3 binding to the TTP promoter, increased TTP promoter activity, and increased TTP expression resulting in the suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	67-70
21606497-4	2011	Nicotine induced activation of STAT3 enhanced STAT3 binding to the TTP promoter, increased TTP promoter activity, and increased TTP expression resulting in the suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	91-94
19483072-0	2009	Proton acts as a neurotransmitter for nicotine-induced adrenergic and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve-mediated vasodilation in the rat mesenteric artery.	Nicotine	38-46	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-101
21606497-4	2011	Nicotine induced activation of STAT3 enhanced STAT3 binding to the TTP promoter, increased TTP promoter activity, and increased TTP expression resulting in the suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	0-8	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	91-94
19483072-1	2009	Nicotine stimulates presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in perivascular adrenergic nerves and releases unknown transmitter(s) that activate transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) nerves, resulting in vasodilation.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-190
21606497-5	2011	Overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of STAT3 (R382W) or down-regulation of STAT3 by siRNA abolished nicotine-induced TTP expression and suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	109-117	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	126-129
21606497-7	2011	However, siRNA to TTP abrogated these effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	49-57	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	18-21
21606497-8	2011	In this experiment, we are reporting for the first time the involvement of TTP in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory cascade consisting of nicotine-STAT3-TTP-dampening inflammation.	Nicotine	138-146	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	75-78
19494806-6	2009	The DRD2 SNP appears to represent a novel association with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	59-67	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	4-8
19443489-1	2009	Nicotine dependence risk and lung cancer risk are associated with variants in a region of chromosome 15 encompassing genes encoding the nicotinic receptor subunits CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-178
19398468-7	2009	Nicotine produced significant upregulation of expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaRII at the protein level, and a 60-70% decrease in the levels of miRNAs miR-133 and miR-590.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Canis lupus familiaris	60-69
19372204-9	2009	The pool of peptides generated from the CTSL cleavage of CgA inhibited nicotine-induced catecholamine secretion from PC12 cells.	Nicotine	71-79	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
21606497-8	2011	In this experiment, we are reporting for the first time the involvement of TTP in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory cascade consisting of nicotine-STAT3-TTP-dampening inflammation.	Nicotine	138-146	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	153-156
21216262-0	2011	The effects of the mGluR5 receptor antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) on the stimulation of dopamine release evoked by nicotine in the rat brain.	Nicotine	138-146	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	19-25
21216262-2	2011	However, recent studies in this laboratory have shown that an mGluR5 receptor antagonist, MPEP (2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine), also attenuates contextually-conditioned responding evoked by cues associated with the delivery or availability of nicotine.	Nicotine	249-257	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	62-68
19476543-0	2009	Induction of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA by nicotine in rat midbrain is inhibited by mifepristone.	Nicotine	42-50	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	13-33
19476543-1	2009	Repeated nicotine administration induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in rat midbrain.	Nicotine	9-17	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	41-61
21216262-4	2011	This study employed in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that the prior administration of the mGluR5 receptor antagonist, MPEP, inhibits a neural response to nicotine, increased dopamine (DA) overflow in the nucleus accumbens, implicated in directly in nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	166-174	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	102-108
19476543-1	2009	Repeated nicotine administration induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in rat midbrain.	Nicotine	9-17	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	63-65
21576194-3	2011	We here show that tobacco MYC2 (NtMYC2) recognizes the G-box sequences, 5"-CAC(G/A)T(G/T)-3", found in the proximal promoter regions of several nicotine biosynthesis genes, including Putrescine N-Methyltransferase 2 (PMT2) and Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase 2 (QPT2).	Nicotine	144-152	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	227-266
19476543-3	2009	In both models nicotine stimulates TH gene transcription rate in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	15-23	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	35-37
19476543-5	2009	Nicotine elevates circulating glucocorticoids, which induce TH expression in some model systems.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	60-62
19476543-6	2009	We tested the hypothesis that the effect of nicotine on midbrain TH mRNA is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor.	Nicotine	44-52	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	65-67
21576194-3	2011	We here show that tobacco MYC2 (NtMYC2) recognizes the G-box sequences, 5"-CAC(G/A)T(G/T)-3", found in the proximal promoter regions of several nicotine biosynthesis genes, including Putrescine N-Methyltransferase 2 (PMT2) and Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase 2 (QPT2).	Nicotine	144-152	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	268-272
19476543-7	2009	When rats are administered the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone, the induction of TH mRNA by nicotine in both substantia nigra and ventral tegmentum is inhibited.	Nicotine	108-116	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	97-99
19476543-9	2009	Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotine induces TH mRNA in midbrain by elevating glucocorticoids, which then act on glucocorticoid receptors in dopamine neurons leading to transcriptional activation of the TH gene.	Nicotine	52-60	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	69-71
21268243-7	2011	We focused on eight SNPs in the 15q24 region, which contains the genes for the nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4, and has previously been implicated in nicotine addiction and smoking cessation.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-133
19476543-9	2009	Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotine induces TH mRNA in midbrain by elevating glucocorticoids, which then act on glucocorticoid receptors in dopamine neurons leading to transcriptional activation of the TH gene.	Nicotine	52-60	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	227-229
20801430-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Recent findings indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) counteract the rewarding effects of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	126-134	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	56-82
19376143-0	2009	Nicotine anxiogenic and rewarding effects are decreased in mice lacking beta-endorphin.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	72-86
19376143-7	2009	Mice lacking beta-endorphin exhibited a spontaneous hypoalgesia and hyperlocomotion and a reduction on the anxiogenic and rewarding effects induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	151-159	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	13-27
19376143-9	2009	The dissociation between nicotine rewarding properties and physical dependence suggests a differential implication of beta-endorphin in these addictive related responses.	Nicotine	25-33	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	118-132
20801430-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Recent findings indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) counteract the rewarding effects of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	126-134	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
19145226-7	2009	The administration of the nonspecific CRF1/2 receptor antagonist D-Phe CRF((12-41)) into the CeA and the Nacc shell prevented the mecamylamine-induced elevations in brain reward thresholds in the nicotine-dependent rats.	Nicotine	196-204	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
19145226-9	2009	These studies indicate that the negative emotional state associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal is at least partly mediated by an increased release of CRF in the CeA and the Nacc shell.	Nicotine	86-94	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
21289608-8	2011	Prenatal nicotine exposure increased expression of the D5 dopamine receptor gene in the striatum, but did not change expression of other dopamine-related genes (DRD4, DAT1, NR4A2, and TH) in either the striatum or the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	9-17	dopamine receptor D5	Rattus norvegicus	55-75
19594327-0	2009	The expression of CYP2D22, an ortholog of human CYP2D6, in mouse striatum and its modulation in 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson"s disease phenotype and nicotine-mediated neuroprotection.	Nicotine	183-191	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22	Mus musculus	18-25
19594327-4	2009	The present study was undertaken to investigate CYP2D22 expression in mouse striatum and to assess its involvement in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD phenotype and nicotine-mediated neuroprotection.	Nicotine	199-207	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22	Mus musculus	48-55
19594327-9	2009	MPTP increased dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and the striatal MPP(+) level and reduced striatal dopamine content; it attenuated expression/activity of CYP2D22 and nAChRs that were significantly restored in nicotine-treated animals.	Nicotine	211-219	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22	Mus musculus	156-163
19416779-8	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment resulted in a marked reduction in lung allograft infiltration by CD68-like antigen(+) alveolar and tissue macrophages, whereas resident mature macrophages (CD163(+)) and T cells remained unchanged.	Nicotine	9-17	Cd68 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
19237585-8	2009	In contrast, 24- to 48-h nicotine (1 muM) exposure increased the proportion of (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) in WT receptors and also returned subunit stoichiometry to WT levels for alpha4S248F and beta2V287L nAChRs.	Nicotine	25-33	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
19088301-4	2009	nAChR mediation of the effect of nicotine on DAT function and trafficking in PFC was determined by pretreatment with mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, or methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	33-41	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
19088301-6	2009	Biotinylation and Western blot assays showed that nicotine (0.8 mg/kg; 30 min) increased DAT cell surface expression in PFC.	Nicotine	50-58	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
19088301-9	2009	In addition, mecamylamine completely blocked the nicotine-induced increase in DAT cell surface expression in PFC.	Nicotine	49-57	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
19088301-10	2009	Nicotine did not increase DAT function and cell surface expression in striatum, indicating that nicotine modulates DAT function in a brain region-specific manner.	Nicotine	96-104	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
19088301-11	2009	Thus, results from the present study suggest that the nicotine-induced increases in DAT function and cell surface expression in PFC may mediate some of the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	54-62	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
19088301-11	2009	Thus, results from the present study suggest that the nicotine-induced increases in DAT function and cell surface expression in PFC may mediate some of the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	178-186	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
19063868-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the effects of inhibiting the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2 pro-survival cascade on the nicotine-induced production of the survival factor Bcl-2 and the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5.	Nicotine	107-115	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	213-217
19063868-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the effects of inhibiting the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2 pro-survival cascade on the nicotine-induced production of the survival factor Bcl-2 and the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5.	Nicotine	107-115	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	219-224
19063868-4	2009	We report that nicotine induced the production of Bcl-2 and increased the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, and STAT3, and with the exception of AP-1, the other transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT1, and STAT3) were significantly reduced by JAK2 inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
19063868-4	2009	We report that nicotine induced the production of Bcl-2 and increased the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, and STAT3, and with the exception of AP-1, the other transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT1, and STAT3) were significantly reduced by JAK2 inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
19063868-4	2009	We report that nicotine induced the production of Bcl-2 and increased the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, and STAT3, and with the exception of AP-1, the other transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT1, and STAT3) were significantly reduced by JAK2 inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-220
19063868-5	2009	We also demonstrate that, via transfection of either Bcl-2 antisense or NF-kappaB, STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factor decoys oligodeoxyribonucleotides into PC12 cells, nicotine induces its neuroprotection in PC12 cells via activation of the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2-(NF-kappaB; STAT3)-Bcl-2 pro-survival pathway.	Nicotine	170-178	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
19164511-0	2009	Nicotine activates TRPM5-dependent and independent taste pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
18442069-7	2009	In nicotine group, there was a decrease of mdr1a expression on GD 15, GD 18, and GD 21, with the most significant decrease on GD 15.	Nicotine	3-11	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
19220487-2	2009	This study examined differences in attentional processing between nonsmokers, satiated smokers and overnight nicotine-deprived smokers by comparing the amplitude of the P300 (P3) component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) elicited during a go-nogo task.	Nicotine	109-117	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	169-173
19220487-2	2009	This study examined differences in attentional processing between nonsmokers, satiated smokers and overnight nicotine-deprived smokers by comparing the amplitude of the P300 (P3) component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) elicited during a go-nogo task.	Nicotine	109-117	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	169-171
19155522-4	2009	In the CNS, nicotine exposure selectively reduces numbers of CD11c(+) dendritic and CD11b(+) infiltrating monocytes and resident microglial cells and down-regulates the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 molecules on these cells.	Nicotine	12-20	integrin alpha X	Mus musculus	61-66
18534558-0	2008	Gene-gene interactions among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-43
18534558-0	2008	Gene-gene interactions among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	64-72	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
18687784-5	2008	Prenatal nicotine exposure led to a decrease in endocrine pancreatic islet size and number at 7 d of life (postnatal d 7), which corroborates with a decrease in gene expression of specific transcription factors such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, Pax-6, Nkx6.1, and of hormones such as insulin and glucagon.	Nicotine	9-17	paired box 6	Rattus norvegicus	255-260
18687784-5	2008	Prenatal nicotine exposure led to a decrease in endocrine pancreatic islet size and number at 7 d of life (postnatal d 7), which corroborates with a decrease in gene expression of specific transcription factors such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, Pax-6, Nkx6.1, and of hormones such as insulin and glucagon.	Nicotine	9-17	NK6 homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	262-268
18848603-0	2008	Acute nicotine activates c-fos and activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein mRNA expression in limbic brain areas involved in the central stress-response in rat pups during a period of hypo-responsiveness to stress.	Nicotine	6-14	activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein	Rattus norvegicus	35-85
18848603-9	2008	Acute nicotine resulted in significant induction of c-fos expression in the PVN and CeA at P5, P7 and P10, and in the BST at P7 and P10.	Nicotine	6-14	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
18848603-10	2008	Acute nicotine significantly induced expression of Arc in CeA at P5, P7 and P10, and in the BST at P10.	Nicotine	6-14	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
18626793-4	2008	Regarding the effect of nicotine on PACAP gene expression, nicotine increased its mRNA level in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners in the PC12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF).	Nicotine	24-32	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
18626793-4	2008	Regarding the effect of nicotine on PACAP gene expression, nicotine increased its mRNA level in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners in the PC12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF).	Nicotine	59-67	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
18626793-5	2008	In addition, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that nicotine treatment significantly augments the promoter activity of PACAP gene.	Nicotine	57-65	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
18626793-8	2008	These results suggest that the increment of PACAP gene expression due to nicotine treatment might be involved in the neuroprotection by nicotine.	Nicotine	73-81	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
18626793-8	2008	These results suggest that the increment of PACAP gene expression due to nicotine treatment might be involved in the neuroprotection by nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
18725543-10	2008	These findings suggest that FAAH inhibition can counteract the addictive properties of nicotine and that FAAH may serve as a new target for development of medications for treatment of tobacco dependence.	Nicotine	87-95	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
18635526-2	2008	The tobacco component nicotine increases the transcription of the survivin gene in non-small cell lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	22-30	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	66-74
18635526-4	2008	We investigated the effects of the tobacco components nicotine and its related carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on survivin expression in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and examined the role of survivin in the malignant transformation of normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells induced by these components.	Nicotine	54-62	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	146-154
18635526-6	2008	Nicotine and NNK increased survivin mRNA and protein expression levels in primary cultured NHBE cells and immortalized HBE cells.	Nicotine	0-8	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	27-35
18635526-8	2008	Nicotine and NNK stimulated the Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in NHBE cells, leading to increased de novo synthesis of survivin protein.	Nicotine	0-8	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	138-146
18635526-11	2008	These findings suggest that NNK and nicotine induce survivin protein synthesis in NHBE cells by activating the Akt-mTOR pathway and thus blockade of the pathway effectively inhibits the tobacco-induced malignant transformation of HBE cells.	Nicotine	36-44	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	52-60
18351285-0	2008	Immunohistochemical increase in cyclooxygenase-2 without apoptosis in different brain areas of subchronic nicotine- and D-amphetamine-treated rats.	Nicotine	106-114	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-48
18351285-2	2008	To clarify whether nicotine-induced upregulation of COX-2 occurs, and to analyse its significance, a comparative immunohistochemical and Western blot study was performed on the frontoparietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex of rats treated (14 days) with nicotine, D(+)amphetamine (0.35 and 1.16 mg free base/kg/day, respectively), or both drugs simultaneously.	Nicotine	19-27	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
18351285-7	2008	Western blot analysis revealed a 50-80% increase in COX-2 in the brain cortex and hippocampus of nicotine-treated rats, and similar increases (150-200%) in the cortex of the D(+)amphetamine- and nicotine + D(+)amphetamine-treated rats.	Nicotine	97-105	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
18351285-8	2008	Nicotine-induced upregulation of COX-2 seems to be related to neuronal plasticity rather than neurodegeneration.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
18046312-0	2008	Metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGluR5) antagonists decrease nicotine seeking, but do not affect the reinforcement enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	64-72	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	35-41
18046312-3	2008	We evaluated the effects of pretreatment with noncompetitive antagonists of the metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGluR5) on each reinforcement-related effect of nicotine using a model in which a reinforcing visual stimulus (VS) and nicotine infusions were concurrently available.	Nicotine	163-171	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	115-121
18565636-0	2008	Sensitization to nicotine significantly decreases expression of GABA transporter GAT-1 in the medial prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	17-25	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
18565636-5	2008	We found that nicotine significantly decreased expression of the transporter GAT-1/SLC6A1 (p&lt;0.05) in the medial prefrontal cortex while the expression of the GAT-3/SLC6A11 (p&lt;0.05) transporter was increased in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	14-22	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
18565636-5	2008	We found that nicotine significantly decreased expression of the transporter GAT-1/SLC6A1 (p&lt;0.05) in the medial prefrontal cortex while the expression of the GAT-3/SLC6A11 (p&lt;0.05) transporter was increased in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	14-22	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-89
18448488-9	2008	We conclude that through nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors, nicotine activates ERK1/2 and Stat3 signaling pathways, leading to Cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	55-63	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	122-131
18926802-4	2008	Nicotine significantly increased brain AT(1)R in fetuses at gestation 15 and 21 days and decreased central AT(2)R at gestation day 21.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
18926802-4	2008	Nicotine significantly increased brain AT(1)R in fetuses at gestation 15 and 21 days and decreased central AT(2)R at gestation day 21.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
18926802-5	2008	In the offspring, perinatal nicotine significantly increased brain AT(1)R protein in males but not females at 30 days, and increased it in both males and females at 5-month-old.	Nicotine	28-36	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
18926802-6	2008	AT(2)R protein levels were significantly decreased by nicotine in both male and female offspring regardless of ages.	Nicotine	54-62	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
18926802-8	2008	Nicotine significantly increased brain AT(1)R mRNA in the female offspring.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
18926802-10	2008	In control offspring, there was a developmental increase in the AT(1)R/AT(2)R mRNA ratio in the brain of adult animals, which was significantly up-regulated in nicotine-treated animals with females being more prominent than males.	Nicotine	160-168	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
18926802-10	2008	In control offspring, there was a developmental increase in the AT(1)R/AT(2)R mRNA ratio in the brain of adult animals, which was significantly up-regulated in nicotine-treated animals with females being more prominent than males.	Nicotine	160-168	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-77
18926802-11	2008	The results demonstrate that perinatal nicotine exposure alters AT(1)R and AT(2)R gene expression pattern in the developing brain and suggest maternal smoking-mediated pathophysiological consequences related to brain RAS development in postnatal life.	Nicotine	39-47	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
18926802-11	2008	The results demonstrate that perinatal nicotine exposure alters AT(1)R and AT(2)R gene expression pattern in the developing brain and suggest maternal smoking-mediated pathophysiological consequences related to brain RAS development in postnatal life.	Nicotine	39-47	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
19098386-0	2008	Basic and translational research on proteinase-activated receptors: regulation of nicotine reward by the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - plasmin system via proteinase-activated receptor 1.	Nicotine	82-90	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	135-138
19098386-3	2008	We show that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by activating proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)).	Nicotine	79-87	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	47-50
19098386-4	2008	Nicotine-induced conditioned place preference and dopamine release in the NAc are diminished in tPA knockout (tPA-/-) mice.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	96-99
19098386-4	2008	Nicotine-induced conditioned place preference and dopamine release in the NAc are diminished in tPA knockout (tPA-/-) mice.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	110-117
19098386-5	2008	The defect of nicotine-induced dopamine release in tPA-/- mice is reversed by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	14-22	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	51-57
19098386-5	2008	The defect of nicotine-induced dopamine release in tPA-/- mice is reversed by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	14-22	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	51-54
19098386-6	2008	Acute nicotine treatment increases tPA protein levels and promoted the release of tPA into the extracellular space.	Nicotine	6-14	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	35-38
19098386-6	2008	Acute nicotine treatment increases tPA protein levels and promoted the release of tPA into the extracellular space.	Nicotine	6-14	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	82-85
19098386-9	2008	These findings suggest that targeting the tPA-plasmin-PAR(1) system would provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	130-138	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	42-45
19067528-4	2008	We used a smokeless tobacco model to study leptin responses to nicotine or placebo treatment.	Nicotine	63-71	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
18776044-0	2008	Nicotine relieves anxiogenic-like behavior in mice that overexpress the read-through variant of acetylcholinesterase but not in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	96-116
18776044-11	2008	In summary, we found that nicotine acts as an anxiolytic in TgR mice but not in control mice and that continuously overexpressed AChE-R regulates striatal gene expression, modulating cholinergic signaling and stress-related pathways.	Nicotine	26-34	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	129-135
19020025-0	2008	Crucial role of alpha4 and alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits from ventral tegmental area in systemic nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	116-124	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	16-33
19014506-4	2008	Individuals possessing a paucity of serotonergic and/or dopaminergic receptors, and an increased rate of synaptic DA catabolism due to high catabolic genotype of the COMT gene, are predisposed to self-medicating any substance or behavior that will activate DA release, including alcohol, opiates, psychostimulants, nicotine, gambling, sex, and even excessive internet gaming.	Nicotine	315-323	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	166-170
18674523-5	2008	We aimed to determine the effects of nicotine and IHH, alone or in combination, on pro- and rhBDNF and TrkB expression in the developing piglet brainstem.	Nicotine	37-45	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
18674523-7	2008	Applying immunohistochemistry, and studying six nuclei of the caudal medulla, we found that compared to controls, TrkB was the only protein significantly decreased after nicotine and nic+IHH exposure regardless of gender.	Nicotine	170-178	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	114-118
18674523-9	2008	The implications of these findings are that a prior nicotine exposure makes the developing brainstem susceptible to greater changes in the neurotrophic effects of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the face of a hypoxic insult, and that the effects are greater in males than females.	Nicotine	52-60	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	185-189
18602444-5	2008	The existing information indicating the importance of beta-endorphin neurotransmission in mediating the reward pathways of nicotine and THC, is thus far circumstantial.	Nicotine	123-131	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	54-68
18822160-5	2008	Nicotine and H2O2 at these dose and time intervals produced similar levels of malondialdyde (MDA) production and p-ERK1/2 activation.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
18822160-9	2008	These results suggest that nicotine- induced mitogenic and functional response in AR42J cells are associated with ERK signaling and increase in reactive oxygen species production.	Nicotine	27-35	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
18533147-7	2008	Nicotine vasodilation was also significantly attenuated after selective blockade of ATP-sensitive (K(ATP), glibenclamide) or inward rectifier (Kir, BaCl2) K+ channels but remained unaltered after blockade of large-conductance calcium-activated (BKCa, tetraethylammonium, TEA) or voltage-dependent (Kv, 4-aminopyridine) K+ channels.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-249
18596162-8	2008	Chronic nicotine treatment eliminated differences in PPI between type III Nrg1 heterozygous mice and their wild-type littermates.	Nicotine	8-16	neuregulin 1	Mus musculus	74-78
18596163-2	2008	The alpha4 and beta2 nAChR subunits assemble into two alternate stoichiometries, (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2), which differ in their functional properties and sensitivity to chronic exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
18646640-0	2008	[Role of tissue plasminogen activator in the rewarding effect of nicotine].	Nicotine	65-73	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	9-37
18646640-8	2008	Here we show that the tPA-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release.	Nicotine	51-59	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	22-25
18646640-10	2008	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	61-64
18646640-10	2008	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	76-83
18646640-10	2008	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	76-79
18646640-10	2008	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	76-79
18646640-11	2008	Nicotine increased tPA protein levels and promoted the release of tPA into the extracellular space in the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	19-22
18646640-11	2008	Nicotine increased tPA protein levels and promoted the release of tPA into the extracellular space in the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	66-69
18646640-14	2008	Our findings suggest that targeting the tPA-plasmin-PAR1 system would provide new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	125-133	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	40-43
18054212-8	2008	In both control and nicotine-exposed lung LDH-1 is the dominant isoenzyme.	Nicotine	20-28	lactate dehydrogenase A	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
18054212-9	2008	The LDH-M and LDH-H isoenzyme levels are higher (P&lt;0.001) in the lungs of the nicotine exposed rats.	Nicotine	81-89	lactate dehydrogenase A	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
17644111-7	2008	RESULTS: The wound area was significantly decreased in the wound treated with bFGF, with 10(-4) M nicotine, and with both bFGF and 10(-4) M nicotine.	Nicotine	98-106	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	78-82
18261852-0	2008	Voluntary oral nicotine intake in mice down-regulates GluR2 but does not modulate depression-like behaviors.	Nicotine	15-23	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	54-59
18204935-6	2008	Treatment of AR42J cells with nicotine induced p-ERK 1/2 activation as confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging of cytoplasmic localization of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
18204935-6	2008	Treatment of AR42J cells with nicotine induced p-ERK 1/2 activation as confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging of cytoplasmic localization of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
18374908-6	2008	The study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of nicotine and caffeine on the expression and activity of toxicant responsive genes, i.e., CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 in the striatum of control and MPTP-induced PD phenotype in mouse.	Nicotine	64-72	glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4	Mus musculus	185-192
18374908-10	2008	The results obtained thus suggest that nicotine and caffeine modulate MPTP-induced alterations in CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 expression/activity.	Nicotine	39-47	glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4	Mus musculus	130-137
18190895-0	2008	Nicotine-induced fibroblast growth factor-2 restores the age-related decline of precursor cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of rat brain.	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-43
18190895-2	2008	Previous studies have shown that acute intermittent nicotine treatment significantly increases fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression in several brain regions of aged rats.	Nicotine	52-60	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-121
18190895-2	2008	Previous studies have shown that acute intermittent nicotine treatment significantly increases fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression in several brain regions of aged rats.	Nicotine	52-60	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
18190895-3	2008	The aim of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that nicotine-induced expression of FGF-2 may restore the age-related decline of precursor cell proliferation.	Nicotine	69-77	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
18190895-4	2008	It was first demonstrated that nicotine treatment increases both mRNA and protein FGF-2 in the SVZ of aged male rats (18 months old).	Nicotine	31-39	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
21252231-2	2011	The predominant nAChR subtype in the mammalian brain with a high affinity for nicotine is composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	78-86	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	113-118
18164554-11	2008	The interaction between Abeta and AChE-S may also explain the different effect of nicotine on Abeta pathology in the hAChE-Tg//APPswe mice.	Nicotine	82-90	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	34-38
21212384-12	2011	Furthermore, nicotine induced the binding of ARRB1, EP300, and Ac-H3 on E2F-regulated genes.	Nicotine	13-21	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	52-57
21081469-9	2011	Furthermore, activation of COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in response to nicotine was mediated by the action of prostaglandin E receptors (EP2 and EP4).	Nicotine	82-90	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	148-151
21081469-10	2011	EP2 or EP4 siRNA or antagonists impaired the nicotine-mediated NF-kappaB activity, upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21 and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	45-53	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
18411702-8	2008	Finally, we show that the tPA-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release by activating protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1).	Nicotine	55-63	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	26-29
18411702-9	2008	Nicotine-induced dopamine release is markedly diminished in tPA-/- mice.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	60-63
21081469-11	2011	Taken together, these results suggest that miR-16 and miR-21 are directly regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB and yet nicotine-promoted cell proliferation is mediated via EP2/4 receptors.	Nicotine	130-138	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	183-186
20837109-2	2010	Using a pharmacological approach to investigate the effects of nicotine on receptor subunit expression and phosphorylation in SH-EP1 cells expressing human alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits, we have demonstrated that incubation with nicotine for 24 h increased the expression of immature and mature forms of both alpha4 and beta2 subunits in a concentration-dependent manner, and that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibited the nicotine-induced increased expression of subunits.	Nicotine	244-252	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	167-172
18192898-1	2008	OBJECTIVES: We attempted to extend a previous finding of an association of COMT genotype with response to nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT), in a larger cohort of treatment-seeking smokers, with greater statistical power to detect possible moderating effects of sex.	Nicotine	106-114	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	75-79
20837109-2	2010	Using a pharmacological approach to investigate the effects of nicotine on receptor subunit expression and phosphorylation in SH-EP1 cells expressing human alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits, we have demonstrated that incubation with nicotine for 24 h increased the expression of immature and mature forms of both alpha4 and beta2 subunits in a concentration-dependent manner, and that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibited the nicotine-induced increased expression of subunits.	Nicotine	244-252	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	335-340
18849647-3	2008	Bilateral administration of nicotine (1 and 2 microg/rat; 1 microl/rat; 0.5 microl/rat in each side) into the central amygdala (intra-CeA) induced an anxiogenic-like effect, shown by specific decreases in the percentage of open-arm time (%OAT) and percentage of open arm entries (%OAE).	Nicotine	28-36	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
21312287-1	2010	VII COMT as a risk modifying gene for Nicotine dependence - role of gene-gene interaction, personality, and environmental factors.	Nicotine	38-46	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-8
18098062-7	2008	Methoxsalen, an irreversible inhibitor of CYP2A5, significantly reduced the metabolic elimination of nicotine in vivo, but the reversible inhibitors had no effect.	Nicotine	101-109	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	42-48
17986348-14	2007	The effect of nicotine on P300 amplitudes in healthy subjects exceeds the effects of long term opioid addiction under methadone substitution.	Nicotine	14-22	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	26-30
21312287-2	2010	OBJECTIVES: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) may be a risk modifying gene for Nicotine dependence (ND) rather than a direct susceptibility gene for this phenotype.	Nicotine	81-89	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	12-40
21312287-2	2010	OBJECTIVES: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) may be a risk modifying gene for Nicotine dependence (ND) rather than a direct susceptibility gene for this phenotype.	Nicotine	81-89	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	42-46
17912044-0	2007	The monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine enhances the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	90-98	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	4-21
20406207-2	2010	The present study was designed to examine if lipid-soluble cigarette smoking particles (DSP), nicotine and endotoxin (LPS), induce GPCR up-regulation for thromboxane A(2) (TP), endothelin type A (ET(A) ) and type B (ET(B) ) receptors in renal artery, and if intracellular signal mechanisms are involved.	Nicotine	94-102	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	177-194
17912044-9	2007	These findings indicate that concomitant inhibition of MAOA and MAOB can enhance the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	119-127	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
17878927-9	2007	Taken together, our results suggest that cholinergic agonists, including nicotine, may reduce cytokine production by placenta cells via NFkappaB to protect against PIH.	Nicotine	73-81	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	164-167
17923451-1	2007	In the species of genus Nicotiana, nicotine to nornicotine conversion is mediated by closely related nicotine N-demethylase (NND) proteins that are encoded by the CYP82E subfamily of cytochrome P450 genes.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	101-123
17923451-1	2007	In the species of genus Nicotiana, nicotine to nornicotine conversion is mediated by closely related nicotine N-demethylase (NND) proteins that are encoded by the CYP82E subfamily of cytochrome P450 genes.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	125-128
20584212-5	2010	Variants in or near CHRND-CHRNG, CHRNA7 and CHRNA10 show modest association with nicotine dependence risk in the AA sample.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 10 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-51
20930539-4	2010	However, ET-insensitivity combined with otherwise normal levels of JA in mETR1 plants promoted faster caterpillar growth, which correlated with reduced accumulation of the alkaloidal direct defense nicotine in mETR1 compared to WT plants.	Nicotine	198-206	CUGBP, Elav-like family member 3	Mus musculus	73-78
17617403-1	2007	The present study tested the hypothesis that serotonergic (5-HT) 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors or their pharmacological stimulation modulated the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in male Wistar rats.	Nicotine	178-186	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
17898222-6	2007	The same nicotine treatment increased the levels of the AMPA glutamate receptor subunit GluR1, the NMDA receptor subunit NR2A, the metabotropic receptor mGluR1alpha, the plasticity factor Homer-1A, and the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, whereas the levels of another scaffolding protein, Shank, were reduced.	Nicotine	9-17	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
17898222-6	2007	The same nicotine treatment increased the levels of the AMPA glutamate receptor subunit GluR1, the NMDA receptor subunit NR2A, the metabotropic receptor mGluR1alpha, the plasticity factor Homer-1A, and the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, whereas the levels of another scaffolding protein, Shank, were reduced.	Nicotine	9-17	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2	Homo sapiens	306-311
20930539-4	2010	However, ET-insensitivity combined with otherwise normal levels of JA in mETR1 plants promoted faster caterpillar growth, which correlated with reduced accumulation of the alkaloidal direct defense nicotine in mETR1 compared to WT plants.	Nicotine	198-206	CUGBP, Elav-like family member 3	Mus musculus	210-215
20715982-5	2010	In addition, these data also provide the first evidence for nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, accompanying the down-regulation of PTHrP/PPARgamma signaling in vivo following nicotine exposure during pregnancy.	Nicotine	189-197	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	145-150
17635921-0	2007	Nicotine-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits fatty acid synthase in 3T3L1 adipocytes: a role for oxidant stress.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	31-59
20598018-2	2010	This frequency-dependent inhibition is because of nicotine desensitizing heteromeric beta2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Nicotine	50-58	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
17635921-2	2007	The objective of this study was to investigate the role of AMPK in nicotine-induced lipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3L1 adipocytes.	Nicotine	67-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
17635921-4	2007	The effects of nicotine on FAS activity were accompanied by phosphorylation of both AMPK (Thr(172)) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; Ser(79)).	Nicotine	15-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
20598018-3	2010	Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 muM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Nicotine	29-37	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	239-244
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	275-279
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	275-279
20200934-9	2010	Nicotine exposure upregulated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor and enhanced angiogenesis but inhibited the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and impaired bone healing.	Nicotine	0-8	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	177-205
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	115-123	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	115-123	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	275-279
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	115-123	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	275-279
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	263-271	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
17635921-5	2007	Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	263-271	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
17635921-6	2007	Inhibition of AMPK using either pharmacologic (insulin, compound C) or genetic means (overexpression of dominant negative AMPK; AMPK-DN) abolished FAS inhibition induced by nicotine or ONOO(-).	Nicotine	173-181	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
17635921-6	2007	Inhibition of AMPK using either pharmacologic (insulin, compound C) or genetic means (overexpression of dominant negative AMPK; AMPK-DN) abolished FAS inhibition induced by nicotine or ONOO(-).	Nicotine	173-181	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
17635921-6	2007	Inhibition of AMPK using either pharmacologic (insulin, compound C) or genetic means (overexpression of dominant negative AMPK; AMPK-DN) abolished FAS inhibition induced by nicotine or ONOO(-).	Nicotine	173-181	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
17635921-7	2007	Conversely, activation of AMPK by pharmacologic (nicotine, ONOO(-), metformin, and AICAR) or genetic (overexpression of constitutively active AMPK) means inhibited FAS activity.	Nicotine	49-57	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
17932221-2	2008	Nicotinic receptors containing alpha4, alpha6, beta2, and beta3 subunits are expressed in midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and they are implicated in the response to smoked nicotine.	Nicotine	171-179	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	47-63
17989509-1	2007	The mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) may be beneficial for drug abuse treatment, as it has been found to reduce self-administration of ethanol, nicotine and cocaine in preclinical models.	Nicotine	172-180	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	4-10
17572697-0	2007	Alpha3beta4-nicotinic receptors mediate adrenergic nerve- and peptidergic (CGRP) nerve-dependent vasodilation induced by nicotine in rat mesenteric arteries.	Nicotine	121-129	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
20448088-8	2010	Expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in nicotine-treated RPE cells was decreased.	Nicotine	31-39	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	23-27
20307138-7	2010	A weak correlation between CYP2B6 and nicotine C-oxidation activity was observed, which was abrogated when controlling for CYP2A6 protein levels.	Nicotine	38-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
17562392-5	2007	Prenatal nicotine exposure elicited persistent suppression of 5HT1A receptors and upregulation of 5HT2 receptors, effects that were selective for males and that first emerged in young adulthood.	Nicotine	9-17	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
17804423-9	2007	Taken together with recent reports of NRXN3 association with nicotine dependence and linkage with opiate dependence, these data support roles for NRXN3 haplotypes that alter expression of specific NRXN3 isoforms in genetic vulnerabilities to dependence on a variety of addictive substances.	Nicotine	61-69	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	38-43
17804423-9	2007	Taken together with recent reports of NRXN3 association with nicotine dependence and linkage with opiate dependence, these data support roles for NRXN3 haplotypes that alter expression of specific NRXN3 isoforms in genetic vulnerabilities to dependence on a variety of addictive substances.	Nicotine	61-69	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	146-151
17804423-9	2007	Taken together with recent reports of NRXN3 association with nicotine dependence and linkage with opiate dependence, these data support roles for NRXN3 haplotypes that alter expression of specific NRXN3 isoforms in genetic vulnerabilities to dependence on a variety of addictive substances.	Nicotine	61-69	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	146-151
17652825-0	2007	Different effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on convulsions induced by nicotine in mice.	Nicotine	80-88	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	21-42
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	15-23	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
17331737-6	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2x day) of hypothyroid rats reversed hypothyroidism-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. Western blot analysis of the NMDA receptor subunits in the membranous fractions of hippocampal area CA1 neurons revealed that hypothyroidism reduced NR1 and increased NR2B without affecting NR2A protein levels.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	283-286
17944865-1	2007	We have previously demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plays an important role through the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) evoked by depolarization or the systemic administration of drugs of abuse such as morphine and nicotine.	Nicotine	298-306	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	44-51
17953677-10	2007	Results indicate that enrichment eliminated the dynamic response of mPFC DAT to repeated DA application in saline-control and augmented the nicotine-induced increase in DAT function in mPFC, but not in striatum.	Nicotine	140-148	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	15-23	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
17662697-7	2007	In cultures chronically treated with 10nM nicotine, there was significantly increased alpha4* nicotinic-induced Ca(2+) influx elicited by low concentration of ACh (3 microM).	Nicotine	42-50	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	86-93
17635921-10	2007	Taken together, our results strongly suggest that nicotine, via ONOO(-) activates AMPK, resulting in enhanced threonine phosphorylation and consequent inhibition of FAS.	Nicotine	50-58	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
17241745-0	2007	Acute intermittent nicotine treatment induces fibroblast growth factor-2 in the subventricular zone of the adult rat brain and enhances neuronal precursor cell proliferation.	Nicotine	19-27	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-72
17241745-4	2007	It is also demonstrated that the nicotine effect on neuronal precursor proliferation is mediated by FGF-2 via fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) activation by showing that i.c.v.	Nicotine	33-41	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	15-23	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	206-214	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	206-214	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
17399881-6	2007	Western blot analysis demonstrated that nicotine up-regulated the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 (p &lt; or = 0.01).	Nicotine	40-48	occludin	Homo sapiens	108-116
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	206-214	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	206-214	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	206-214	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
20171986-7	2010	Both basal and nicotine-induced (0.5mg/kg sc) elevations in urinary CORT were consistent between groups of animals with weights ranging from 200 to 400 g. The magnitude of urinary CORT elevation induced by nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) was found to be similar to that induced by a forced swim stressor in male Lister ) antagonist mecamylamine (0.05-0.5mg/kg sc) dose-dependently reversed the effects of nicotine (0.5mg/kg sc) on urinary CORT.	Nicotine	206-214	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
17287824-9	2007	Nicotine induced c-fos expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), nucleus accumbens, and the superior colliculus (SC) at both ages, whereas it activated the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and consequent corticosterone secretion only in adults.	Nicotine	0-8	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
17287824-10	2007	Acetaldehyde potentiated nicotine-induced c-fos in CeA and SC, and activation of PVN c-fos expression/plasma corticosterone release; however, this drug interaction was only observed in behaviorally tested animals, not those that were minimally stressed.	Nicotine	25-33	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
19923441-0	2010	Role of CYP2A5 in the clearance of nicotine and cotinine: insights from studies on a Cyp2a5-null mouse model.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	8-14
17431097-6	2007	The reduction of proinflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and TNF-alpha) in the BAL with nicotine probably resulted from the suppression of NF-kappaB activation in alveolar macrophages.	Nicotine	109-117	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-77
19923441-2	2010	Heterologously expressed CYP2A5 is active in the metabolism of both endogenous substrates, such as testosterone, and xenobiotic compounds, such as nicotine and cotinine.	Nicotine	147-155	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	25-31
17651428-2	2007	The aim of the present study was to determine if individual differences in response to novelty based on inescapable or free-choice novelty tests predict dopamine transporter (DAT) function and trafficking as well as nicotine-induced modulation of DAT.	Nicotine	216-224	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	247-250
17651428-7	2007	Compared with the saline control, nicotine increased Vmax and cell surface DAT immunoreactivity in PFC from high responders but not from low responders.	Nicotine	34-42	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
19923441-5	2010	The Cyp2a5-null mouse and wild-type mouse were then used for determination of the roles of CYP2A5 in the metabolism of nicotine and its major circulating metabolite, cotinine.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	91-97
17651428-8	2007	Similarly, nicotine increased Vmax and cell surface DAT in PFC in rats classified as low in novelty place preference but not in rats classified as high in novelty place preference.	Nicotine	11-19	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
17651428-9	2007	Thus, despite the different behavioral phenotypes, the pharmacological effect of nicotine to increase DAT function and cell surface expression was apparent, such that rats with inherently lower DAT function show a greater sensitivity to the neurochemical effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
17651428-9	2007	Thus, despite the different behavioral phenotypes, the pharmacological effect of nicotine to increase DAT function and cell surface expression was apparent, such that rats with inherently lower DAT function show a greater sensitivity to the neurochemical effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
17503330-7	2007	We applied our proposed method to a genetics study of four genes that were reported to be associated with nicotine dependence and found significant joint action between CHRNB4 and NTRK2.	Nicotine	106-114	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	180-185
19923441-6	2010	The results indicated that the Cyp2a5-null mouse has lower hepatic nicotine 5"-hydroxylation activity in vitro, and slower systemic clearance of both nicotine and cotinine in vivo.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	31-37
19923441-6	2010	The results indicated that the Cyp2a5-null mouse has lower hepatic nicotine 5"-hydroxylation activity in vitro, and slower systemic clearance of both nicotine and cotinine in vivo.	Nicotine	150-158	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	31-37
19923441-8	2010	Further pharmacokinetics analysis confirmed that the brain levels of nicotine and cotinine are also influenced by the Cyp2a5 deletion.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	118-124
19923441-9	2010	These findings provide direct evidence that CYP2A5 is the major nicotine and cotinine oxidase in mouse liver.	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	44-50
17548664-0	2007	Association of COMT Val108/158Met genotype with smoking cessation in a nicotine replacement therapy randomized trial.	Nicotine	71-79	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-19
20113502-12	2010	Confocal-microscopy-based immunohistochemistry showed that 4 days of nicotine treatment induced activation (phosphorylation) of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38.	Nicotine	69-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	214-220
17512954-10	2007	Interestingly, nicotine stimulated the production of IL4 and IL5, implying a possible role of the cholinergic system in pathogenesis of allergic diseases.	Nicotine	15-23	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	61-64
17254563-4	2007	In the present study, we examined the effect of increasing concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 microM of nicotine on the expression of ICAM-1, B7.1, B7.2 and CD40, production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 and proliferation of lymphocytes during mixed lymphocyte reaction treated with IL-18 at 100 ng/ml for 48 h. Nicotine inhibited the expression of adhesion molecules, cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation.	Nicotine	108-116	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	161-165
20113502-12	2010	Confocal-microscopy-based immunohistochemistry showed that 4 days of nicotine treatment induced activation (phosphorylation) of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38.	Nicotine	69-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	226-229
19766150-3	2010	In this study, we investigated in rats whether CST inhibits vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 and nicotine treatment in vivo and calcification of cultured rat vascular smooth muscular cells (VSMCs) induced by beta-glycerophosphate in vitro and the underlying mechanism.	Nicotine	109-117	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
17301675-0	2007	Differential effects of acute and chronic nicotine on Elk-1 in rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	42-50	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
17301675-4	2007	We show here that nicotine modulates Elk-1 in the rat hippocampus in a spatially and temporally specific manner.	Nicotine	18-26	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
17301675-5	2007	In-vitro nicotine (1 muM) activated Elk-1 in hippocampal slices.	Nicotine	9-17	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
17301675-6	2007	In-vivo acute nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) activated Elk-1 in the CA1 area but not in the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	14-22	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
19966042-0	2010	Nicotine-induced CCN2: from smoking to periodontal fibrosis.	Nicotine	0-8	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
17301675-7	2007	Chronic nicotine for 14 days changed the level of total Elk-1 but not its phosphorylation state.	Nicotine	8-16	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
17301675-8	2007	Thus, Elk-1 regulation of transcriptional events may contribute to nicotine-induced changes in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	67-75	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Rattus norvegicus	6-11
19966042-2	2010	Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of nicotine on the induction of a profibrotic molecule, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF), in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.	Nicotine	57-65	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	110-141
19966042-2	2010	Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of nicotine on the induction of a profibrotic molecule, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF), in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.	Nicotine	57-65	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	143-147
17113075-0	2007	Interactive effects of the mGlu5 receptor antagonist MPEP and the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 on nicotine self-administration and reward deficits associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	106-114	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	66-73
17113075-3	2007	We hypothesized that increasing glutamate transmission by blocking presynaptic inhibitory mGlu2/3 autoreceptors would antagonize MPEP-induced decreases in nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	155-163	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	90-97
19966042-4	2010	Interestingly, 1 microg/mL nicotine increased the production of CCN2/CTGF protein in both cells without increasing mRNA expression.	Nicotine	27-35	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
17113075-4	2007	We also hypothesized that blocking postsynaptic actions of glutamate on mGlu5 receptors would exacerbate nicotine withdrawal-induced reward deficits, and that this effect would be attenuated by co-administration of the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495.	Nicotine	105-113	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	219-226
17113075-12	2007	Thus, increasing glutamate transmission via mGlu2/3 autoreceptor blockade reduces the effects of mGlu5 receptor blockade on nicotine self-administration and MPEP-induced exacerbation of brain reward deficits associated with nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	124-132	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	44-51
19966042-4	2010	Interestingly, 1 microg/mL nicotine increased the production of CCN2/CTGF protein in both cells without increasing mRNA expression.	Nicotine	27-35	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
17113075-12	2007	Thus, increasing glutamate transmission via mGlu2/3 autoreceptor blockade reduces the effects of mGlu5 receptor blockade on nicotine self-administration and MPEP-induced exacerbation of brain reward deficits associated with nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	224-232	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	44-51
19966042-6	2010	This is the first report to describe a relationship between nicotine and CCN2/CTGF in periodontal tissue cells.	Nicotine	60-68	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	73-77
19966042-6	2010	This is the first report to describe a relationship between nicotine and CCN2/CTGF in periodontal tissue cells.	Nicotine	60-68	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
16959216-5	2006	Similarly, the medium levels of both ADMA and lactate dehydrogenase were markedly elevated in umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with nicotine (10 microM) for 48 h. Nicotine-induced endothelial damages were markedly attenuated by L-arginine or overexpression of DDAH-II.	Nicotine	149-157	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	277-284
16959216-5	2006	Similarly, the medium levels of both ADMA and lactate dehydrogenase were markedly elevated in umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with nicotine (10 microM) for 48 h. Nicotine-induced endothelial damages were markedly attenuated by L-arginine or overexpression of DDAH-II.	Nicotine	180-188	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	277-284
16959216-6	2006	Nicotine greatly downregulated both mRNA and protein levels of DDAH-II, and decreased DDAH activity in HUVECs.	Nicotine	0-8	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-70
16825297-2	2006	beta4 subunits are also richly expressed and colocalize with alpha4 subunits in several brain regions implicated in behavioural responses to nicotine and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	141-149	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	0-5
16825297-2	2006	beta4 subunits are also richly expressed and colocalize with alpha4 subunits in several brain regions implicated in behavioural responses to nicotine and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	154-162	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	0-5
16980882-6	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine suppressed the expression of CD14, toll-like receptor 4, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, B7.1, and CD40 on monocytes and the production of TNF-alpha, but not interleukin 10, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of LPS.	Nicotine	36-44	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	74-78
16980882-6	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine suppressed the expression of CD14, toll-like receptor 4, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, B7.1, and CD40 on monocytes and the production of TNF-alpha, but not interleukin 10, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of LPS.	Nicotine	36-44	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	147-151
19966042-7	2010	Analysis of our data also indicated that nicotine was cytotoxic, while it increased CCN2/CTGF and, eventually, type I collagen production.	Nicotine	41-49	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
19966042-7	2010	Analysis of our data also indicated that nicotine was cytotoxic, while it increased CCN2/CTGF and, eventually, type I collagen production.	Nicotine	41-49	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
19966042-8	2010	These findings suggest that periodontal fibrosis can be promoted by nicotine from smoking via effects on CCN2/CTGF.	Nicotine	68-76	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
19966042-8	2010	These findings suggest that periodontal fibrosis can be promoted by nicotine from smoking via effects on CCN2/CTGF.	Nicotine	68-76	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
16893910-0	2006	Monoamine oxidase A knockout mice exhibit impaired nicotine preference but normal responses to novel stimuli.	Nicotine	51-59	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	0-19
19602125-8	2009	The secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 occurred in a dose-dependent manner that was dependent on the concentration of nicotine (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	112-120	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
16893910-5	2006	Nicotine preference in WT mice was reduced in Maoa-KO mice in the CPP and oral preference/intake tests.	Nicotine	0-8	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	46-50
16893910-8	2006	The observed phenotypes suggest that a constitutive deficiency of MAOA reduces the rewarding effects of nicotine without altering behavioral responses to novel stimuli in mice.	Nicotine	104-112	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	66-70
19778551-13	2009	These results indicate that beta2* and potentially alpha3beta4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play a role in the CS effects of nicotine and are potential targets for the development of nicotine cessation aids.	Nicotine	131-139	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
16893910-9	2006	Constitutive MAOA activity levels are likely to contribute to the vulnerability or resiliency to nicotine addiction by altering the rewarding effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	97-105	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	13-17
16893910-9	2006	Constitutive MAOA activity levels are likely to contribute to the vulnerability or resiliency to nicotine addiction by altering the rewarding effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	153-161	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	13-17
16928859-2	2006	In particular, nAChRs containing beta2-subunits (beta2*-nAChRs) the most prevalent subtype, mediate the reinforcing properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
16928859-2	2006	In particular, nAChRs containing beta2-subunits (beta2*-nAChRs) the most prevalent subtype, mediate the reinforcing properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
16928859-9	2006	Higher brain beta2*-nAChR during early abstinence indicates that, when smokers quit smoking, they do so in the face of a significant increase in the receptors normally activated by nicotine.	Nicotine	181-189	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
16862215-0	2006	Nicotine induces cell proliferation by beta-arrestin-mediated activation of Src and Rb-Raf-1 pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	87-92
16862215-3	2006	Here we find that mitogenic effects of nicotine in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are analogous to those of growth factors and involve activation of Src, induction of Rb-Raf-1 interaction, and phosphorylation of Rb.	Nicotine	39-47	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	176-181
16862215-5	2006	The mitogenic effects of nicotine were mediated via the alpha7-nAChR subunit and resulted in enhanced recruitment of E2F1 and Raf-1 on proliferative promoters in NSCLC cell lines and human lung tumors.	Nicotine	25-33	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	126-131
16862215-7	2006	Proliferative signaling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) required the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin; ablation of beta-arrestin or disruption of the Rb-Raf-1 interaction blocked nicotine-induced proliferation of NSCLCs.	Nicotine	195-203	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	169-174
16862215-8	2006	Additionally, suppression of beta-arrestin also blocked activation of Src, suppressed levels of phosphorylated ERK, and abrogated Rb-Raf-1 binding in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	162-170	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	133-138
16862215-9	2006	It appears that nicotine induces cell proliferation by beta-arrestin-mediated activation of the Src and Rb-Raf-1 pathways.	Nicotine	16-24	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	107-112
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	144-152	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
16485261-4	2006	In this study, we have examined the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on alpha7 and beta2 nAChR subunits in vitro in cell lines and in vivo in mouse striatum.	Nicotine	55-63	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
16488025-0	2006	Chronic nicotine improves working and reference memory performance and reduces hippocampal NGF in aged female rats.	Nicotine	8-16	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
16488025-5	2006	In addition, our study reports a nicotine-induced reduction in nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels in the hippocampus of the aged rat.	Nicotine	33-41	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	63-82
16488025-5	2006	In addition, our study reports a nicotine-induced reduction in nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels in the hippocampus of the aged rat.	Nicotine	33-41	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
16488025-6	2006	The effects of nicotine on hippocampal NGF levels are discussed as a potential mechanism of nicotine-induced improvements in working and reference memory.	Nicotine	15-23	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
16488025-6	2006	The effects of nicotine on hippocampal NGF levels are discussed as a potential mechanism of nicotine-induced improvements in working and reference memory.	Nicotine	92-100	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
16407464-7	2006	However, both antibodies substantially reduced the early distribution of nicotine to brain 5 min after a dose.	Nicotine	73-81	POU class 6 homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-92
16452470-0	2006	Prolonged activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein and ATF-2 needed for nicotine-triggered elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	83-91	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	115-135
16539839-6	2006	Treatment of HGF with nicotine was shown to mediate COX-2 protein expression.	Nicotine	22-30	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	13-16
16539839-9	2006	Treatment of HGF with PD98059 decreased nicotine-induced COX-2 protein expression.	Nicotine	40-48	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	13-16
16408261-7	2006	Interestingly, nicotine treatment to controls produced a significant increase of NGF in the frontal cortex, but a significant decrease of both NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and BDNF in the frontal cortex.	Nicotine	15-23	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
16408261-7	2006	Interestingly, nicotine treatment to controls produced a significant increase of NGF in the frontal cortex, but a significant decrease of both NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and BDNF in the frontal cortex.	Nicotine	15-23	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
16408261-8	2006	The decreases shown in NGF and BDNF is contrary to past findings that have shown nicotine to produce significant increases of hippocampal NGF and BDNF, but these past studies utilized male rats or mice or were performed in vitro.	Nicotine	81-89	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
16266722-2	2006	The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of nicotine and LPS on the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in osteoblasts, and the indirect effect of nicotine and LPS on the formation of osteoclast-like cells.	Nicotine	60-68	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	144-159
16266722-2	2006	The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of nicotine and LPS on the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in osteoblasts, and the indirect effect of nicotine and LPS on the formation of osteoclast-like cells.	Nicotine	60-68	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	161-164
16266722-8	2006	OPG expression increased in the initial stages of culture with nicotine and LPS but decreased in the later stages of culture.	Nicotine	63-71	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	0-3
16416159-7	2006	RESULTS: Rimonabant completely abolished nicotine-induced anxiolytic-like effects and increased the anxiogenic-like responses of nicotine, suggesting an involvement of CB1 receptors in these behavioural responses.	Nicotine	129-137	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	168-171
16181727-5	2006	Participants demonstrated greater HR and SBP increases to the PASAT during the nicotine withdrawal condition.	Nicotine	79-87	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
16307449-5	2006	Stress also facilitated the induction of LTD. Nicotine treatment of stressed rats prevented stress-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. For chronically stressed rats, we previously reported marked decreases in the basal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CaMKII, P-CaMKII, and calmodulin as well as a significant increase in calcineurin basal levels.	Nicotine	46-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	302-312
16420579-5	2006	Nicotine- and cotinine-induced TF expression was mediated by the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and by the suppression of TF expression by the NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithio carbamate ammonium.	Nicotine	0-8	Relish	Drosophila melanogaster	105-127
16420579-5	2006	Nicotine- and cotinine-induced TF expression was mediated by the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and by the suppression of TF expression by the NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithio carbamate ammonium.	Nicotine	0-8	Relish	Drosophila melanogaster	129-138
16420579-5	2006	Nicotine- and cotinine-induced TF expression was mediated by the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and by the suppression of TF expression by the NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithio carbamate ammonium.	Nicotine	0-8	Relish	Drosophila melanogaster	244-253
16254210-6	2006	Among 107 nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) target genes screened from the aorta, we found that nicotine treatment upregulated only 4 atherogenic genes including vascular adhesion molecule 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 on day 60 and platelet-derived growth factor B and platelet 12-lipoxygenase on day 90.	Nicotine	96-104	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	195-211
16150053-12	2005	These results suggest that nicotine prevented or reversed the adverse effects of celecoxib on spatial memory retention and protected or restored the immunostaining pattern of COX-2 neurons in the rat dorsal hippocampus.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	175-180
16317086-11	2005	The activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and protein expressions of plasminogen activators (urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor), which are the indicators of invasion and migration processes, were increased by nicotine but blocked by COX-2 and VEGFR inhibitors.	Nicotine	237-245	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	16-49
15951329-9	2005	The nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation was completely prevented by concomitant treatment with PTHrP, DBcAMP, RGZ, and by transiently overexpressing PPARgamma.	Nicotine	4-12	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	108-113
15951329-10	2005	Our data suggest nicotine induces alveolar LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation through a mechanism involving downregulation of lipogenic PTHrP-mediated, cAMP-dependent PKA signaling pathway, which can be prevented using specific molecular targets.	Nicotine	17-25	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	133-138
16176386-10	2005	A number of putative candidate genes were in proximity to regions identified with nicotine sensitivity, including the alpha2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the dopamine D3 receptor.	Nicotine	82-90	dopamine receptor D3	Mus musculus	181-201
16335059-6	2005	In addition, in vitro studies were also carried out to elucidate the effects of nicotine and vitamin E on G-6PD activity, which correlated well with in vivo experimental results in lungs, testicles, kidney, stomach, brain and liver tissues.	Nicotine	80-88	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
16335059-7	2005	These results show that vitamin E administration generally restores the inactivation of G-6PD activity due to nicotine administration in various rat tissues in vivo, and also in vitro.	Nicotine	110-118	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
15983034-4	2005	Also, Ras and its downstream effector ERK1/2 are activated after long term exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	87-95	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
16011614-6	2005	Nicotine treatment increased p21 expression in immortalized cells (HaCaT, IHOK) and oral cancer cells (HN4, HN12), but decreased pRb and p53 expression in oral cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
15988129-0	2005	Long-term effects of high doses of nicotine on feeding behavior and brain nitric oxide synthase activity in female mice.	Nicotine	35-43	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	74-95
17174071-3	2007	failed to attenuate KA-induced neurotoxicity, repeated nicotine infusions (1.0 microg/side/day for 10 days) attenuated the seizures, the severe loss of cells in hippocampal regions CA1 and CA3, the increase in activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding activity, and mortality after KA administration.	Nicotine	55-63	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	210-234
17158199-2	2007	Previous studies have shown that the nicotine-metabolizing enzyme CYP2A5 differs in coumarin metabolism between these two strains, suggesting differences in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	66-72
17158199-2	2007	Previous studies have shown that the nicotine-metabolizing enzyme CYP2A5 differs in coumarin metabolism between these two strains, suggesting differences in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	157-165	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	66-72
17158199-9	2007	Inhibitory antibody studies demonstrated that the metabolism of both nicotine and cotinine was mediated by CYP2A5.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	107-113
17158199-10	2007	Genetic differences in Cyp2a5 potentially contributed to similar nicotine but different cotinine metabolism, which may confound the interpretation of nicotine pharmacological studies and studies using cotinine as a biomarker.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	23-29
17158199-10	2007	Genetic differences in Cyp2a5 potentially contributed to similar nicotine but different cotinine metabolism, which may confound the interpretation of nicotine pharmacological studies and studies using cotinine as a biomarker.	Nicotine	150-158	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	23-29
17268847-3	2007	Treatment of H19-7 cells with bFGF increased NO production through upregulated iNOS/ nNOS expression, and also increased expressions of neuronal markers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and Neuro-D. Pretreatment of the cells with nicotine decreased iNOS promoter activity as well as iNOS/nNOS expression induced by bFGF, resulting in decreased NO production.	Nicotine	268-276	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
17268847-0	2007	Nicotine inhibits bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth through suppression of NO synthesis in H19-7 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
17268847-2	2007	In this study, we elucidated how nicotine inhibits neuronal differentiation induced by the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in hippocampal cell line, H19-7 cells, because nicotine is one of the key neuroregulatory components.	Nicotine	33-41	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-121
17268847-2	2007	In this study, we elucidated how nicotine inhibits neuronal differentiation induced by the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in hippocampal cell line, H19-7 cells, because nicotine is one of the key neuroregulatory components.	Nicotine	33-41	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
17268847-2	2007	In this study, we elucidated how nicotine inhibits neuronal differentiation induced by the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in hippocampal cell line, H19-7 cells, because nicotine is one of the key neuroregulatory components.	Nicotine	176-184	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-121
17268847-2	2007	In this study, we elucidated how nicotine inhibits neuronal differentiation induced by the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in hippocampal cell line, H19-7 cells, because nicotine is one of the key neuroregulatory components.	Nicotine	176-184	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
17268847-4	2007	Nicotine also suppressed expressions of BDNF, NT3 and Neuro-D, resulting in decreased bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth.	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
17268847-5	2007	These results indicate that nicotine inhibits bFGF-induced neuronal differentiation in H19-7 cells through inhibition of NO formation by suppressing iNOS/nNOS expressions.	Nicotine	28-36	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
17146768-4	2007	Furthermore, the nAChRs mediating the nornicotine-induced inhibition of DAT function appear to be different from those activated by nicotine which increases DA clearance.	Nicotine	41-49	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
16713586-0	2007	Association of specific haplotypes of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 gene (NTRK2) with vulnerability to nicotine dependence in African-Americans and European-Americans.	Nicotine	113-121	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	38-77
16713586-0	2007	Association of specific haplotypes of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 gene (NTRK2) with vulnerability to nicotine dependence in African-Americans and European-Americans.	Nicotine	113-121	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
16713586-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The gene encoding neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (NTRK2) has been localized to a region on chromosome 9q22-q23 that showed a "suggestive" linkage to nicotine dependence (ND) in our previous linkage analyses.	Nicotine	170-178	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	30-69
16713586-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The gene encoding neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (NTRK2) has been localized to a region on chromosome 9q22-q23 that showed a "suggestive" linkage to nicotine dependence (ND) in our previous linkage analyses.	Nicotine	170-178	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	71-76
17523180-3	2007	Immunoblots analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment of hypothyroid rats prevented the reduction in the basal protein levels of adenylyl cyclase I (ACI), mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKp44/42 (ERK1/2)], calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), and cyclic-AMP response element binding protein [CREB; phosphorylated (P-) and total].	Nicotine	41-49	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	208-214
17523180-3	2007	Immunoblots analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment of hypothyroid rats prevented the reduction in the basal protein levels of adenylyl cyclase I (ACI), mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKp44/42 (ERK1/2)], calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), and cyclic-AMP response element binding protein [CREB; phosphorylated (P-) and total].	Nicotine	41-49	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Rattus norvegicus	218-264
17523180-3	2007	Immunoblots analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment of hypothyroid rats prevented the reduction in the basal protein levels of adenylyl cyclase I (ACI), mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKp44/42 (ERK1/2)], calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), and cyclic-AMP response element binding protein [CREB; phosphorylated (P-) and total].	Nicotine	41-49	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Rattus norvegicus	266-272
17523180-6	2007	These findings suggest that prevention of the reduced basal level of CaMKIV, MAPKp44/42, and CREB by nicotine along with the regained ability of MHFS to induce MAPKp44/42 and CREB phosphorylation in nicotine treated hypothyroid animals may be responsible for the reversal of L-LTP impairment by chronic nicotine treatment in this disease model.	Nicotine	101-109	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Rattus norvegicus	69-75
16794563-9	2007	In summary, our results demonstrate that the expression of Gpr51 and Ntrk2 is significantly regulated by nicotine at both the mRNA and protein levels in various brain regions, which provides further evidence that these two genes are involved in the etiology of ND, as reported in our previous genetic association studies in humans.	Nicotine	105-113	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
16794563-9	2007	In summary, our results demonstrate that the expression of Gpr51 and Ntrk2 is significantly regulated by nicotine at both the mRNA and protein levels in various brain regions, which provides further evidence that these two genes are involved in the etiology of ND, as reported in our previous genetic association studies in humans.	Nicotine	105-113	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
17449445-4	2007	The co-administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with a serotonin-1A receptor antagonist, or the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine, or the atypical antidepressant bupropion ameliorated nicotine or amphetamine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	204-212	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	72-93
17380789-6	2007	Third, administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies or inhibitors (e.g. ethyl pyruvate, nicotine, stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine and Chinese herbs such as Angelica sinensis) protects mice against lethal endotoxaemia, and rescues mice from lethal experimental sepsis even when the first doses are given 24 hours after onset of sepsis.	Nicotine	83-91	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	30-35
17015027-9	2007	Nicotine at a concentration of 10 microM caused phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p44/42) that could be inhibited using nAChR antagonists.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	108-111
17015027-13	2007	273T cells also showed greater activation of p44/42 MAPK than of Akt in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	45-48
17085484-0	2006	Haplotype spanning TTC12 and ANKK1, flanked by the DRD2 and NCAM1 loci, is strongly associated to nicotine dependence in two distinct American populations.	Nicotine	98-106	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12	Homo sapiens	19-24
17085484-0	2006	Haplotype spanning TTC12 and ANKK1, flanked by the DRD2 and NCAM1 loci, is strongly associated to nicotine dependence in two distinct American populations.	Nicotine	98-106	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	51-55
17229101-0	2006	Monoamine oxidase A rather than monoamine oxidase B inhibition increases nicotine reinforcement in rats.	Nicotine	73-81	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
17156372-7	2006	Chronic application of nicotine in vivo also enhanced LTP induction in slices and was dependent on activation of mGluRs and Ca release from RyR-sensitive intracellular stores, although acutely applied nicotine was not required for such enhanced LTP.	Nicotine	23-31	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
16966384-4	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine inhibited the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes, and the production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by PBMC.	Nicotine	36-44	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	106-110
16570269-0	2006	Nicotine induces the fragile histidine triad methylation in human esophageal squamous epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	21-44
16570269-3	2006	In this study, we confirmed methylation of the FHIT gene in human esophageal squamous epithelial cells (HEECs) and examined whether nicotine induced alteration of FHIT.	Nicotine	132-140	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	163-167
16570269-4	2006	Methylation status in the promoter region of the FHIT gene and p16(INK4A) gene was determined by methylation-specific PCR in HEECs exposed to nicotine under various conditions.	Nicotine	142-150	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	49-53
16570269-8	2006	Nicotine induced the methylation of FHIT gene and attenuated Fhit protein in association with increased expression of DNMT3a.	Nicotine	0-8	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	36-40
16570269-8	2006	Nicotine induced the methylation of FHIT gene and attenuated Fhit protein in association with increased expression of DNMT3a.	Nicotine	0-8	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	61-65
16570269-9	2006	Reexpression of Fhit protein in HEECs was found after cessation of moderate- to long-term exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	16-20
16570269-10	2006	Our results show that nicotine induces methylation of the FHIT gene followed by loss of Fhit protein expression in HEECs.	Nicotine	22-30	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	58-62
16570269-10	2006	Our results show that nicotine induces methylation of the FHIT gene followed by loss of Fhit protein expression in HEECs.	Nicotine	22-30	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	88-92
16739166-1	2006	Nicotine has been shown to activate stress-related brain nuclei, including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), through complex mechanisms involving direct and indirect pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
16739166-5	2006	Film autoradiographic studies showed that nicotine significantly increased c-fos mRNA expression in both PVN and CEA.	Nicotine	42-50	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
16739166-8	2006	In contrast, there was no significant nicotine-induced increase in c-fos expression in CEA CRF or DYN cells, whereas nicotine treatment did increase c-fos expression within CEA ENK cells.	Nicotine	117-125	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
16790237-5	2006	Prior addition of neutralising BDNF antibodies or of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252A (200 nM) completely blocked nicotine-induced proliferation, suggesting the involvement of TrkB signalling in the mediation of the effect.	Nicotine	117-125	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	179-183
16790237-6	2006	Nicotine also enhanced both the secretion of BDNF from the SH-SY5Y and cell surface density of TrkB receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
16805793-5	2006	Nicotine phosphorylated cPKC-alpha, thereby increasing phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2, as demonstrated by using Go6976, PD98059 or U0126.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Bos taurus	74-78
16311047-8	2006	In vitro CRH, ACTH, and CORT responses to nicotine were significantly increased at 10 min and returned to baseline by 30 min, the CRH and ACTH responses from female tissues being greater than responses from male tissues.	Nicotine	42-50	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
16365874-2	2006	Nicotine demonstrated significant (P&lt;0.01) stimulation of the release of endothelial cell growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) but not vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	108-138
16365874-2	2006	Nicotine demonstrated significant (P&lt;0.01) stimulation of the release of endothelial cell growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) but not vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	140-145
16365874-4	2006	Additionally, in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model of angiogenesis, nicotine effectively induced the generation of new blood vessels (P&lt;0.01), an effect that is mediated via b-FGF.	Nicotine	81-89	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	190-195
16452470-1	2006	Phosphorylation (P-) of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) by protein kinase A or mitogen-activated protein kinases was implicated in mediating the increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression after prolonged exposure to nicotine in vivo and in cell culture.	Nicotine	238-246	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	168-188
16452470-1	2006	Phosphorylation (P-) of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) by protein kinase A or mitogen-activated protein kinases was implicated in mediating the increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression after prolonged exposure to nicotine in vivo and in cell culture.	Nicotine	238-246	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	190-192
16452470-4	2006	In contrast, ERK1/2 was only phosphorylated with short term nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	60-68	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
16452470-5	2006	MEK inhibitor U0126 abolished nicotine-induced rise in P-ERK1/2, but not P-CREB, nor did it inhibit nicotine-evoked elevation in TH promoter activity, indicating that ERK1/2 was not needed for induction of TH gene expression by nicotine.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
16452470-6	2006	In contrast, protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 or Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated protein kinase inhibitor KN-93 reduced the nicotine-triggered rise in P-CREB and TH promoter activity.	Nicotine	119-127	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	157-159
16452470-12	2006	The results suggest that both ATF-2 and CREB mediate activation of TH gene transcription by nicotine.	Nicotine	92-100	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	67-69
16539839-2	2006	The aim of this study was to investigate whether chemical interactions can modulate nicotine-induced COX-2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).	Nicotine	84-92	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	149-152
16332510-5	2006	In the present study, the combined effects of nicotine and bacterial LPS on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, GRO-alpha and MCP-1 in cell lines of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and pulmonary monocytes (THP-1) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA.	Nicotine	46-54	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	100-104
17192649-7	2006	Intra-VTA injection of nicotine was found to be reinforcing in both wild-type and beta2-subunit re-expressing beta2-/- mice, but not in beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	23-31	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
17192649-7	2006	Intra-VTA injection of nicotine was found to be reinforcing in both wild-type and beta2-subunit re-expressing beta2-/- mice, but not in beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	23-31	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
16214264-5	2006	Veratrine mimicked the permissive role of (-)-nicotine on the activation of mGluR5 mediating [(3)H]-NA release.	Nicotine	42-54	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	76-82
16214264-6	2006	The mGluR5-mediated component of the [(3)H]-NA release provoked by DHPG plus (-)-nicotine was blocked by xestospongin C, a selective antagonist of inositoltrisphosphate (IP(3)) receptors.	Nicotine	77-89	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	4-10
16088399-1	2006	Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT, EC 2.1.1.53) catalyses the first specific step in the biosynthesis of tropane and nicotine alkaloids.	Nicotine	119-137	putrescine N-methyltransferase 3	Nicotiana tabacum	32-35
16339034-12	2005	Our findings show that hypersensitive alpha4* nicotinic receptors in mice mediate changes in the sleep-wake cycle and nicotine-induced seizures resembling ADNFLE.	Nicotine	118-126	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	38-44
16141602-5	2005	Nicotine and cotinine are glucuronidated to N-glucuronides mainly by UGT1A4 and partly by UGT1A9.	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	90-96
16033421-0	2005	Induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus of transgenic mice in response to stress or nicotine treatment: lack of activation of tyrosine hydroxylase promoter activity.	Nicotine	101-109	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	13-33
16033421-1	2005	Prolonged stress or chronic nicotine administration leads to induction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in adrenal medulla and locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat.	Nicotine	28-36	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	74-94
16033421-6	2005	These results support the hypothesis that TH expression is induced by stress or nicotine treatment in both the adrenal medulla and LC of the mouse.	Nicotine	80-88	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	42-44
15900212-2	2005	To determine if the lower activity Met allele of COMT was associated with smoking cessation in women, we used two independent studies: a population-based case--control study and a nicotine replacement clinical trial.	Nicotine	180-188	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	49-53
15854753-0	2005	Reduced nNOS expression induced by repeated nicotine treatment in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice.	Nicotine	44-52	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	8-12
15854753-1	2005	To determine whether neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is involved in nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice we adopted an immunohistochemical approach.	Nicotine	74-82	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	21-51
15854753-1	2005	To determine whether neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is involved in nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice we adopted an immunohistochemical approach.	Nicotine	74-82	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	53-57
15854753-3	2005	Higher numbers of nNOS-positive cells were observed in the striatum of wild-type mice repeatedly treated with nicotine than in saline-treated wild-type mice.	Nicotine	110-118	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	18-22
15854753-4	2005	However, mu-opioid receptor knockout mice showed significantly lower nicotine-induced nNOS expression in the striatum versus wild-type mice.	Nicotine	69-77	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	86-90
15854753-6	2005	These findings demonstrate that the absence of mu-opioid receptors can cause a significant reduction in the expression of nNOS in the striatum, as induced by repeated nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	167-175	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	122-126
15795089-0	2005	Limited modulation of the transport activity of the human multidrug resistance proteins MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 by nicotine glucuronide metabolites.	Nicotine	111-119	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	103-107
15785859-1	2005	We previously reported that nicotine withdrawal up-regulates transcription of some immediately early genes (IEGs), c-fos (Ichino et al., 1999) and egr1, nur77 (Ichino et al., 2002) in cultures of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, which are of neuronal lineage.	Nicotine	28-36	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
15551346-5	2005	Nicotine and NS398 co-administration abolished the NS398-related effect on nAChR alpha4 retention.	Nicotine	0-8	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	81-87
15764844-4	2005	Both DBI levels and [(45)Ca(2+)] influx significantly increased in the brain from mice treated with nicotine for long term, which was further enhanced after abrupt cessation of nicotine and was abolished by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists.	Nicotine	177-185	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	5-8
15764844-5	2005	Similar responses of DBI expression and L-type HVCC function were observed in cerebral cortical neurons after sustained exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	132-140	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	21-24
15764844-8	2005	Therefore, it is concluded that the alterations in DBI expression is mediated via increased influx of Ca(2+) through upregulated L-type HVCCs and these neurochemical changes have a close relationship with development of nicotine dependence and/or its withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	220-228	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	51-54
15734728-6	2005	Enzymes involved in nicotine metabolism including cytochrome P450 enzymes, aldehyde oxidase, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, amine N-methyltransferase, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases are represented, as well as factors affecting metabolism, such as genetic variations in metabolic enzymes, effects of diet, age, gender, pregnancy, liver and kidney diseases, and racial and ethnic differences.	Nicotine	20-28	indolethylamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	128-153
15749260-0	2005	Effect of nicotine on Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression of mouse embryonic stem cells.	Nicotine	10-18	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1, related sequence 1	Mus musculus	22-27
15749260-1	2005	To examine the influence that nicotine exposure has on early embryo development, the present study has applied real-time RT-PCR to investigate changes in Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells exposed to nicotine alone or in the presence of tubocurarine.	Nicotine	30-38	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1, related sequence 1	Mus musculus	154-159
15749260-4	2005	Results indicated that nicotine (10-1000 nM) enhanced Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression without altering beta-actin expression.	Nicotine	23-31	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1, related sequence 1	Mus musculus	54-59
15749260-6	2005	We conclude that nicotine may influence Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression in ES cells through a mechanism involving the nAChRs.	Nicotine	17-25	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1, related sequence 1	Mus musculus	40-45
15579462-3	2005	Two subunits, ACC-1 and ACC-2, form homomeric channels for which acetylcholine and arecoline, but not nicotine, are efficient agonists.	Nicotine	102-110	Acetylcholine-gated chloride channel subunit acc-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	24-29
15723229-1	2005	RATIONALE: Following repeated injections with nicotine paired with a distinctive environment, some studies have reported that the distinctive context becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) capable of eliciting conditioned corticosterone (CORT) release.	Nicotine	46-54	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	235-239
15723229-2	2005	Conversely, other studies have found that exposure to the CS results in conditioned attenuation of nicotine-induced CORT release.	Nicotine	99-107	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
15723229-6	2005	RESULTS: CORT levels were higher after nicotine than after saline, and higher in the paired than in the unpaired condition.	Nicotine	39-47	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
15723229-8	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The results supported the notion that a CS associated with nicotine effects elicit a conditioned response (CR) in the form of CORT release.	Nicotine	72-80	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
15723229-9	2005	Future research will be needed to examine whether conditioned CORT release can explain the context-dependent attenuations of nicotine-induced CORT.	Nicotine	125-133	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
15723229-9	2005	Future research will be needed to examine whether conditioned CORT release can explain the context-dependent attenuations of nicotine-induced CORT.	Nicotine	125-133	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
15944384-1	2005	Nicotine addiction is initiated by its binding to high-affinity nicotinic receptors in brain composed primarily of alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	126-131
16191663-3	2005	To ascertain this question, we examined the effects of nicotine and its major oxidative metabolite, cotinine, on ATPase activity using P-gp containing membranes, in which nicotine and cotinine-stimulated inorganic Pi was used as a marker of the binding affinity of nicotine and cotinine to P-gp.	Nicotine	55-63	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	113-119
16191663-4	2005	At concentrations ranging from 5 to 1000 microm, both nicotine and cotinine produced modest stimulative effects on ATPase activity in the P-gp containing membrane.	Nicotine	54-62	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	115-121
16085504-0	2005	Dopamine receptor (DRD2) genotype-dependent effects of nicotine on attention and distraction during rapid visual information processing.	Nicotine	55-63	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	19-23
16085504-9	2005	The overall pattern of results was consistent with the view that nicotine modulates selective attention or subsequent information processing in a manner that depends partly on the emotional versus numeric nature of task distractors, DRD2 genotype, and the brain hemisphere that initially processes the distractors (visual field of distractor).	Nicotine	65-73	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	233-237
15935455-8	2005	CB1 knockout mice are less sensitive to the motivational effects of nicotine although this depends on the experimental model.	Nicotine	68-76	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	0-3
15778850-0	2005	Expression of lynx1 in developing lung and its modulation by prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	70-78	ly-6/neurotoxin-like protein 1	Macaca mulatta	14-19
15778850-9	2005	Immunohistochemistry, Western analysis, and realtime PCR analysis showed increased lynx1 expression in lungs following prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	128-136	ly-6/neurotoxin-like protein 1	Macaca mulatta	83-88
15778850-11	2005	Alteration of lynx1 levels is a potential new mechanism by which nicotine affects lung development.	Nicotine	65-73	ly-6/neurotoxin-like protein 1	Macaca mulatta	14-19
15681595-11	2005	These results may explain previous findings that nicotine treatment decreased striatal nAChR-mediated dopamine function, despite an increase in [3H]nicotine (alpha4*) sites.	Nicotine	49-57	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	158-164
15681595-11	2005	These results may explain previous findings that nicotine treatment decreased striatal nAChR-mediated dopamine function, despite an increase in [3H]nicotine (alpha4*) sites.	Nicotine	148-156	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	158-164
15565434-1	2005	RATIONALE: Reports have indicated that administration of nicotine inhibits, while withdrawal of chronically administered nicotine augments effects of serotonergic 5HT2A/2C agonists.	Nicotine	121-129	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
15565434-2	2005	OBJECTIVE: It was our objective to determine whether 5HT2A/2C agonists can modulate the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats or its locomotor activity effects in mice.	Nicotine	123-131	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
15565434-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that activation of serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptors can blunt the discriminative stimulus and locomotor activity effects of nicotine and presents the possibility that activation of these receptors might also be able to attenuate other effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
15565434-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that activation of serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptors can blunt the discriminative stimulus and locomotor activity effects of nicotine and presents the possibility that activation of these receptors might also be able to attenuate other effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	278-286	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
15831280-0	2005	Nicotine induces apoptosis in TM3 mouse Leydig cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	30-33
15831280-7	2005	RESULT(S): TM3 cells treated with nicotine exhibit several features of apoptosis.	Nicotine	34-42	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	11-14
15548766-1	2005	Glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a critical role in addictive behaviors, and recent evidence indicates that genetic or pharmacological inactivation of the type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) reduces the self-administration of cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	252-260	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	200-206
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein B	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein B	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
15532091-6	2005	Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14.	Nicotine	9-17	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
15670336-10	2005	By contrast, nicotine enhances the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the synthesis of one of its major products, prostaglandin E2.	Nicotine	13-21	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-65
16596773-7	2005	These CB1 knockouts have provided new findings to clarify the interactions between cannabinoids and the other drugs of abuse such as opioids, psychostimulants, nicotine and ethanol.	Nicotine	160-168	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	6-9
15508020-2	2005	Conflicting effects of nicotine on the major orexigenic peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), have been observed in the brain, but the effects of smoking are unknown.	Nicotine	23-31	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	65-79
15508020-2	2005	Conflicting effects of nicotine on the major orexigenic peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), have been observed in the brain, but the effects of smoking are unknown.	Nicotine	23-31	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	81-84
19778551-13	2009	These results indicate that beta2* and potentially alpha3beta4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play a role in the CS effects of nicotine and are potential targets for the development of nicotine cessation aids.	Nicotine	189-197	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
15820527-6	2005	Nicotine increased CORT and ACTH levels of Sprague-Dawley females only.	Nicotine	0-8	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
15502843-3	2004	Nicotine, a selective cholinergic agonist, is more efficient than acetylcholine and inhibits HMGB1 release induced by either endotoxin or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Nicotine	0-8	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
15502843-5	2004	In vivo, treatment with nicotine attenuates serum HMGB1 levels and improves survival in experimental models of sepsis, even when treatment is started after the onset of the disease.	Nicotine	24-32	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
20008879-3	2009	The first GWA study on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the alpha-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA 3/5) locus, identified earlier as risk factor for both lung cancer and nicotine dependence, to be associated with COPD.	Nicotine	239-247	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-172
15542743-7	2004	Furthermore, TRK-820 attenuated the mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine-withdrawal aversion in a conditioned place preference paradigm.	Nicotine	62-70	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
15542754-11	2004	These results demonstrate that activation of GABAB receptors or blockade of mGluR5 decreased nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	93-101	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	76-82
19741199-5	2009	Treatment of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) with the cholinergic agonists nicotine and GTS-21 significantly reduced IL-6-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and ICAM-1 expression which are regulated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Nicotine	149-157	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	313-317
15312165-5	2004	Depending on the concentration of nicotine, either dopamine D2 or D1 receptor signaling was predominantly activated.	Nicotine	34-42	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	66-77
19741199-9	2009	Finally, we observed that nicotine and GTS-21 treatment decreased levels of SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling; a regulator of the inflammatory activity of IL-6) in activated endothelial cells.	Nicotine	26-34	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	76-81
15312165-7	2004	Nicotine at a high concentration (100 microm) activated dopamine D1 receptor signaling in striatonigral/direct pathway neurons, likely by activating (i) alpha4beta2* nAChRs at dopaminergic terminals and (ii) alpha7 nAChRs at glutamatergic terminals, which, by stimulating the release of glutamate, activated NMDA/AMPA receptors at dopaminergic terminals.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	56-76
19673871-11	2009	I/R treatment increased mRNA levels of COX-2, IL-1beta, IL-6 and iNOS, which were further augmented by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	103-111	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
19673871-12	2009	Correspondingly, nicotine (0.35 mg kg(-1) daily) markedly enhanced the protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS.	Nicotine	17-25	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
19729077-3	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	114-122	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	320-324
15157990-0	2004	Chronic nicotine and smoking treatment increases dopamine transporter mRNA expression in the rat midbrain.	Nicotine	8-16	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-69
19729077-5	2009	RESULTS: Incubation of hPDL cells with apigenin decreased LPS- and nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression and activity.	Nicotine	67-75	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
15157990-1	2004	Previous pharmacokinetics and electrophysiological results indicated an important role of nicotine in the modulation of dopamine transporter (DAT).	Nicotine	90-98	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	120-140
19729077-6	2009	Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	37-45	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	167-171
15157990-1	2004	Previous pharmacokinetics and electrophysiological results indicated an important role of nicotine in the modulation of dopamine transporter (DAT).	Nicotine	90-98	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
15157990-3	2004	The results showed that chronic nicotine and smoke exposure highly unregulated DAT mRNA in the VTA and SN areas, including the dorsal part of substantia nigra pars compacta.	Nicotine	32-40	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
19755656-0	2009	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2 subunit (CHRNB2) gene and short-term ability to quit smoking in response to nicotine patch.	Nicotine	115-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-54
15157990-6	2004	These results revealed a new aspect of nicotine"s modulation on the DAT, and may have important roles in neuropsychological disorders related to the midbrain abnormalities such as drugs addiction.	Nicotine	39-47	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
14679211-3	2004	Using whole cell recordings, we found that inhibition of SFK tyrosine kinase activity by PP2 (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine) treatment or expression of a kinase-defective c-Src reduced the peak amplitude of nicotine-induced currents in chromaffin cells or in human embryonic kidney cells ectopically expressing functional neuronal alpha3beta4alpha5 acetylcholine receptors (AChRs).	Nicotine	241-249	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	89-92
14972772-2	2004	In this study, the authors investigated the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the expression mRNA of cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP1A1, CYP2A3, and CYP2B1.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 3	Rattus norvegicus	168-174
14972772-2	2004	In this study, the authors investigated the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the expression mRNA of cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP1A1, CYP2A3, and CYP2B1.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-186
14972772-7	2004	Maternal nicotine exposure had no influence on CYP1A1 mRNA, but resulted in a marked increase in the expression of CYP2A3 mRNA and CYP2B1 mRNA.	Nicotine	9-17	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 3	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
14972772-7	2004	Maternal nicotine exposure had no influence on CYP1A1 mRNA, but resulted in a marked increase in the expression of CYP2A3 mRNA and CYP2B1 mRNA.	Nicotine	9-17	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-137
15088641-0	2004	Lung morphometry and MMP-12 expression in rats treated with intraperitoneal nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
19755656-2	2009	We examined the association of a 3" untranslated region polymorphism (rs2072661) in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2 subunit (CHRNB2) gene with quitting success in response to nicotine versus placebo patch during a short-term test of patch effects.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-142
19755656-5	2009	Smokers with the CHRNB2 GG genotype had more days of abstinence during the nicotine versus placebo patch week compared with those with the AG or AA genotypes (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-23
14975692-7	2004	Omega-conotoxin GVIA (1 microM), a specific blocker of N (Cav 2.2) type voltage gated calcium currents, inhibited the nicotine elicited augmentation of GABA and abolished the increase in glycine mIPSC frequency.	Nicotine	118-126	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B	Homo sapiens	58-65
14975692-8	2004	This work demonstrates that the nicotine evoked facilitation of GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons is dependent upon activation of P/Q (Cav 2.1) and N (Cav 2.2) type calcium channels.	Nicotine	32-40	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B	Homo sapiens	186-193
19596527-5	2009	This approach has identified distinct genetic variants that contribute to nicotine dependence on chromosome 15 in the region of the alpha5-alpha3-beta4 family of nicotinic receptor genes.	Nicotine	74-82	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	132-151
14751429-1	2004	The hypothesis for this research is that only in some brain areas, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after tobacco smoking is correlated with arterial plasma nicotine concentrations.	Nicotine	160-168	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
14751429-8	2004	Low-nicotine cigarettes produced fewer changes in rCBF than those after the first average cigarette.	Nicotine	4-12	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
14751429-10	2004	Correlations with arterial nicotine on rCBF were statistically significant in brain areas with the greatest changes in relative blood flow such as the cerebellum and occipital cortex.	Nicotine	27-35	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
14751429-11	2004	Nicotine delivery by tobacco smoking is only one of the factors, which contribute to changes in rCBF.	Nicotine	0-8	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
19054295-9	2009	Nicotine decreased the nuclear protein binding to the cAMP response element (CRE), fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE) and homeodomain protein-binding site (HOX) at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that nicotine suppresses BSP transcription mediated through CRE, FRE and HOX elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene.	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	83-109
19656028-4	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment concomitantly downregulated the expression of OPG and osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, and upregulated the expression of RANKL.	Nicotine	9-17	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	74-77
19433117-1	2009	Chronic administration of nicotine is followed by a general stimulation of brain metabolism that results in a distinct increase of glucose transport protein densities for Glut1 and Glu3, and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU).	Nicotine	26-34	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
14732461-0	2004	Acute intermittent nicotine treatment produces a reduction in the total number of FGF-2 immunoreactive astroglial cells in the substantia nigra of the rat: a stereological analysis.	Nicotine	19-27	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
14732461-1	2004	To understand the morphological substrate of the nicotine effect on nigral FGF-2 expression, a stereological analysis of FGF-2 immunoreactive neuronal and glial profiles has been performed in the substantia nigra of the rat after acute intermittent nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	49-57	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
19609360-7	2009	The subunits are very similar in sequence to C. elegans UNC-29 and UNC-38, are expressed on muscle cells and can be expressed robustly in Xenopus oocytes to form acetylcholine-, nicotine-, levamisole- and pyrantel-sensitive channels.	Nicotine	178-186	Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type unc-29	Caenorhabditis elegans	56-62
14732461-2	2004	The major finding of this paper is the demonstration that this type of nicotine treatment produces a significant reduction in the total number of nuclear FGF-2 immunoreactive astroglial profiles in the substantia nigra.	Nicotine	71-79	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
14592853-2	2004	We examined the potential possibility of an interaction between nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, and angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases characterized by Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and fibroblasts.	Nicotine	64-72	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	250-253
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	152-171
14592853-4	2004	The nicotine-induced DNA synthesis was not affected by valsartan, an AT1 receptor-specific blocker, or PD123319, an Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptor-specific antagonist.	Nicotine	4-12	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
14592853-5	2004	Nicotine or Ang II stimulation rapidly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), in both cell types.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-201
14592853-5	2004	Nicotine or Ang II stimulation rapidly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), in both cell types.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	217-253
14592853-5	2004	Nicotine or Ang II stimulation rapidly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), in both cell types.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	255-263
14563147-10	2003	The s-GAG production and messenger RNA (mRNA) of type II collagen and Sox9 decreased significantly in the nicotine-treated group.	Nicotine	106-114	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Homo sapiens	70-74
14563147-12	2003	The SO4-GAG production and mRNA of type II collagen and Sox9 decreased significantly in the groups treated with rhBMP-2 combined with 10 and 100 microg/ml of nicotine compared with the group treated with rhBMP-2.	Nicotine	158-166	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Homo sapiens	56-60
14563147-13	2003	CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study raise the possibility that nicotine may contribute to the process of disc degeneration by a direct effect on the nucleus pulposus cells, possibly by antagonizing the effect of BMP-2.	Nicotine	66-74	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	215-220
14511322-7	2003	In vitro, the cholinergic agonists muscarine (50-100 microm) and nicotine (0.5-10 microm) induced tonic activity in respiratory motoneurons and increased the frequency of inspiratory bursts in AChE+/+ and +/- animals.	Nicotine	65-73	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	193-197
15652996-0	2005	Repeated nicotine exposure in rats: effects on memory function, cholinergic markers and nerve growth factor.	Nicotine	9-17	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	88-107
15652996-3	2005	Nicotine has also been shown to exert positive effects on certain neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF), and therefore could play a role beyond mere symptomatic therapy.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	88-107
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
15652996-3	2005	Nicotine has also been shown to exert positive effects on certain neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF), and therefore could play a role beyond mere symptomatic therapy.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
15652996-4	2005	However, to date, comprehensive studies of nicotine"s effects on the expression of specific acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtypes, key cholinergic proteins (that are regulated by NGF) such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) are lacking.	Nicotine	43-51	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
12682710-0	2003	The mGluR5 antagonist MPEP decreased nicotine self-administration in rats and mice.	Nicotine	37-45	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	4-10
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	202-228
12682710-3	2003	OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the effects of the mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) on intravenous nicotine self-administration in Wistar rats and DBA/2J mice.	Nicotine	138-146	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	62-68
12682710-8	2003	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that blockade of mGluR5 decreased nicotine self-administration in both rats and mice, and are consistent with findings showing a role of mGluR5 in cocaine self-administration.	Nicotine	70-78	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	53-59
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	230-235
12682710-9	2003	It is postulated that mGluR5 plays an essential role in mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine, possibly but not exclusively, via modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurotransmission.	Nicotine	93-101	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	22-28
19498419-4	2009	RESULTS: Application of 500 nmol/L nicotine following sustained stimulation with the highly selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonist m-chlorophenylbiguanide at 100 nmol/L resulted in markedly reduced Ca(2+) responses (28% of control) in only those striatal nerve endings that originally responded to m-chlorophenylbiguanide.	Nicotine	35-43	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	102-118
19273465-1	2009	INTRODUCTION: We previously reported evidence that the T allele of the dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2) rs1800497 polymorphism is associated with improved response to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) relative to placebo and that this association may only be present in females.	Nicotine	166-174	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	97-101
12713636-2	2003	Here we investigate the role of the alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit in mediating the effects of nicotine in the mesolimbic dopamine system in mice lacking the alpha4 subunit.	Nicotine	120-128	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	36-42
12713636-5	2003	Non-alpha4 subunit-containing nAChRs are located on dopaminergic neurons, are functional and respond to nicotine as demonstrated by patch clamp recordings.	Nicotine	104-112	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	4-10
12713636-7	2003	Despite the fact that both wild-type and alpha4 null mutant mice show a similar increase in dopamine release in response to intrastriatal KCl perfusion, a nicotine-elicited increase in dopamine levels is not observed in mutant mice.	Nicotine	155-163	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	41-47
12573488-0	2003	Induction of nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1 by ethanol and ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1 by nicotine: summary and implications.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
12573488-4	2003	This review summarizes recent studies published from our laboratory focusing on metabolic aspects of tolerance, which demonstrate that in rat, subchronic, behaviourally relevant doses of ethanol induce hepatic nicotine-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1, and that subchronically administered nicotine, at behaviourally relevant doses, induces hepatic ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1.	Nicotine	210-218	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	232-257
12573488-5	2003	Increased CYP2B1 protein, mRNA and CYP2B1-mediated nicotine metabolism was observed following ethanol treatments.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
12573488-5	2003	Increased CYP2B1 protein, mRNA and CYP2B1-mediated nicotine metabolism was observed following ethanol treatments.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
12480162-1	2003	Cytisine and nicotine bound to specific sites in homogenates prepared from HEK 293 cells which stably express human neuronal nicotinic alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	13-21	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	146-151
12497624-4	2003	Variants of the DRD2 gene have also been associated with other addictive disorders including cocaine, nicotine and opioid dependence and obesity.	Nicotine	102-110	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	16-20
12384171-0	2002	Lack of CB1 cannabinoid receptors modifies nicotine behavioural responses, but not nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	43-51	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	8-11
12384171-3	2002	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in responses induced by acute and repeated nicotine administration by using knockout mice lacking the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and their wild-type littermates.	Nicotine	134-142	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	66-69
12223564-2	2002	alpha7-nAChR functions include postsynaptic transmission, modulating neurotransmitter release, reinforcing nicotine addiction, and a role in neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Gallus gallus	7-12
12167564-9	2002	It would appear that the same, as yet unexamined, UGT catalyzes the N-glucuronidation of both cotinine and nicotine.	Nicotine	107-115	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	50-53
12162741-0	2002	Cation-pi interactions in ligand recognition by serotonergic (5-HT3A) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: the anomalous binding properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	145-153	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A	Mus musculus	62-68
12120902-4	2002	In the present studies an involvement of adrenergic system and prostaglandins synthesized by constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in the nicotine-induced HPA response in rats was investigated.	Nicotine	173-181	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
12021403-0	2002	First and second transmembrane segments of alpha3, alpha4, beta2, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits influence the efficacy and potency of nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
12021403-0	2002	First and second transmembrane segments of alpha3, alpha4, beta2, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits influence the efficacy and potency of nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	70-75
12023068-0	2002	Met-enkephalin and preproenkephalin mRNA changes in the striatum of the nicotine abstinence mouse.	Nicotine	72-80	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	0-14
12269402-9	2002	These results suggest that proENK mRNA expression induced by repeated nicotine administrations may be mediated by AP-1 proteins, such as c-Fos, c-Jun and Fra-2 rather than CREB via interacting to the ENKCRE-2 DNA binding domain in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	70-78	FOS like 2, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
11738249-5	2002	Consistent with the porcine data, pretreatment with PACAP or with phorbol ester [phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)] significantly suppressed NIC-induced intracellular Ca(2+) transients and catecholamine secretion in rat chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	139-142	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
11738249-10	2002	These data suggest that PACAP can negatively modulate NIC-induced catecholamine secretion in both porcine and rat adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	54-57	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
11752205-2	2002	Although CGRP(1-7) and CGRP(2-7) depressed responses mediated by nAChRs, CGRP(1-6), CGRP(1-5), or CGRP(1-4) rapidly and reversibly potentiated submaximal nicotine currents while sparing maximal currents.	Nicotine	154-162	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
11752205-2	2002	Although CGRP(1-7) and CGRP(2-7) depressed responses mediated by nAChRs, CGRP(1-6), CGRP(1-5), or CGRP(1-4) rapidly and reversibly potentiated submaximal nicotine currents while sparing maximal currents.	Nicotine	154-162	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
11752205-2	2002	Although CGRP(1-7) and CGRP(2-7) depressed responses mediated by nAChRs, CGRP(1-6), CGRP(1-5), or CGRP(1-4) rapidly and reversibly potentiated submaximal nicotine currents while sparing maximal currents.	Nicotine	154-162	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
11752205-2	2002	Although CGRP(1-7) and CGRP(2-7) depressed responses mediated by nAChRs, CGRP(1-6), CGRP(1-5), or CGRP(1-4) rapidly and reversibly potentiated submaximal nicotine currents while sparing maximal currents.	Nicotine	154-162	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
11752205-11	2002	Replacing Cys(7) with Ala yielded CGRP(1-7A), a fragment with partial alpha-helix structure and ability to enhance nicotine currents.	Nicotine	115-123	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
11750077-0	2001	Withdrawal from nicotine facilitates diazepam binding inhibitor mRNA expression in mouse cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	16-24	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	37-63
11750077-2	2001	Withdrawal from nicotine Increased DBI mRNA expression in cerebral cortices derived from nicotine-dependent mice and in the neurons continuously exposed to nicotine (0.1 microM).	Nicotine	16-24	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	35-38
11750077-2	2001	Withdrawal from nicotine Increased DBI mRNA expression in cerebral cortices derived from nicotine-dependent mice and in the neurons continuously exposed to nicotine (0.1 microM).	Nicotine	89-97	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	35-38
11750077-2	2001	Withdrawal from nicotine Increased DBI mRNA expression in cerebral cortices derived from nicotine-dependent mice and in the neurons continuously exposed to nicotine (0.1 microM).	Nicotine	89-97	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	35-38
11750077-3	2001	These results indicate that withdrawal from nicotine after its long-term exposure induces steep increase of DBI mRNA expression as reported previously in ethanol- and morphine-dependent animals.	Nicotine	44-52	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	108-111
11522426-6	2001	Serum and NGF deprivation induced rapid and massive death of these cells, which was inhibited by the addition of nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
11350768-0	2001	Nicotine infusion alters leptin and uncoupling protein 1 mRNA expression in adipose tissues of rats.	Nicotine	0-8	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
11350768-1	2001	We attempted to clarify whether leptin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) are involved in the action of nicotine on the energy balance.	Nicotine	101-109	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	32-38
11350768-3	2001	At the end of the 4-day period, the plasma concentrations of leptin of the nicotine-treated and pair-fed rats were lower than those of the freely fed rats, although the levels of leptin mRNA expression in various white adipose tissues did not differ among the three groups.	Nicotine	75-83	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
11350768-3	2001	At the end of the 4-day period, the plasma concentrations of leptin of the nicotine-treated and pair-fed rats were lower than those of the freely fed rats, although the levels of leptin mRNA expression in various white adipose tissues did not differ among the three groups.	Nicotine	75-83	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	179-185
11350768-4	2001	At the end of the 14-day nicotine infusion period, plasma concentrations of leptin were higher, and leptin mRNA expression in the omentum and epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was stronger in the nicotine-treated rats than in the pair-fed and freely fed rats.	Nicotine	25-33	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	76-82
11350768-4	2001	At the end of the 14-day nicotine infusion period, plasma concentrations of leptin were higher, and leptin mRNA expression in the omentum and epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was stronger in the nicotine-treated rats than in the pair-fed and freely fed rats.	Nicotine	25-33	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
11350768-4	2001	At the end of the 14-day nicotine infusion period, plasma concentrations of leptin were higher, and leptin mRNA expression in the omentum and epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was stronger in the nicotine-treated rats than in the pair-fed and freely fed rats.	Nicotine	209-217	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
11350768-6	2001	These results suggest that continuous nicotine infusion differentially affects the synthesis and secretion of leptin according to the duration of infusion and stimulates UCP1 mRNA expression, probably in a manner independent of leptin.	Nicotine	38-46	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	110-116
11350768-6	2001	These results suggest that continuous nicotine infusion differentially affects the synthesis and secretion of leptin according to the duration of infusion and stimulates UCP1 mRNA expression, probably in a manner independent of leptin.	Nicotine	38-46	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	228-234
11422660-10	2001	This insulin resistance was further aggravated by the nicotine infusion in DM2 but not in Ctr (4.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.9 +/- 0.3 mg kg(-1) LBM min(-1); P &lt; 0.0001).	Nicotine	54-62	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	75-78
11422660-12	2001	CONCLUSIONS: At this low infusion rate, nicotine aggravated the insulin resistance in DM2 but not in Ctr.	Nicotine	40-48	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	86-89
11434511-1	2001	In a recent study, we reported that a restriction fragment length polymorphism associated with the alpha4 nicotinic receptor gene (Chrna4) may play a role in regulating differential sensitivity of LS and SS mouse lines to the seizure-inducing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	254-262	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	99-105
11412838-0	2001	Effects of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor agonists on the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of repeated nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	107-115	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	11-17
11412838-6	2001	Taken together, these findings suggest that the 5-HT1A and the 5-HT2 receptor subtypes are differentially involved in the effects of repeated nicotine on locomotor sensitization, behavioral inhibition and mesolimbic dopamine neurochemistry.	Nicotine	142-150	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	48-54
10882393-0	2000	Endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mediates adrenergic-dependent vasodilation induced by nicotine in mesenteric resistance arteries of the rat.	Nicotine	104-112	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	11-42
10882393-0	2000	Endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mediates adrenergic-dependent vasodilation induced by nicotine in mesenteric resistance arteries of the rat.	Nicotine	104-112	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
10882393-17	2000	It is also suggested that nicotine stimulates presynaptic nicotinic cholinoceptors on adrenergic nerves to release adrenergic neurotransmitters, which then act on CGRPergic nerves to release endogenous CGRP from the nerve.	Nicotine	26-34	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
10854263-10	2000	Co-expression of the human alpha5 subunit with alpha3 and beta2 subunits had the effect of producing protracted responses to ACh and increasing residual inhibition by ACh and nicotine but not RJR-2403.	Nicotine	175-183	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
10854732-7	2000	These findings indicate that nACh-R are expressed by the nTS neurons receiving inputs from airway sensory receptors, activation of which by nicotine increases cholinergic outflow to the airways, but the nACh-R pathways are not required for reflex bronchoconstriction.	Nicotine	140-148	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Mustela putorius furo	57-60
15521060-5	2004	The results showed that chronic nicotine and smoking treatment differentially changed the levels of TH protein in VTA and SNC and DA D1 receptor levels in Nac and CPu.	Nicotine	32-40	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	100-102
15205871-11	2004	In experiment 2, the effects of chlordiazepoxide (5 and 7.5 mg/kg) and nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) were examined on PSD 1 and 2.	Nicotine	71-79	pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-120
15465631-0	2004	Nicotine-induced FGF-2 mRNA in rat brain is preserved during aging.	Nicotine	0-8	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
15465631-2	2004	Previously, we have reported that an acute intermittent (-)nicotine treatment significantly increases fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA and protein in several brain regions of rat brain.	Nicotine	59-67	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-128
15465631-2	2004	Previously, we have reported that an acute intermittent (-)nicotine treatment significantly increases fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA and protein in several brain regions of rat brain.	Nicotine	59-67	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
15465631-3	2004	The present study was designed to analyse if nicotine-induced FGF-2 expression in the rat brain was preserved during aging.	Nicotine	45-53	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
15465631-4	2004	Using in situ hybridization and quantitative RNase protection assay the present paper reports that during aging (12- and 24-month-old rats) the response of FGF-2 gene expression in the rat brain to nAChR stimulation by (-)nicotine is fully effective and involves both neurons and glial cells.	Nicotine	222-230	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
15465631-7	2004	Taken together, the present and previous data support the hypothesis that neuroprotective effects of (-)nicotine and the potential beneficial effects of (-)nicotine agonists in the treatment of Alzheimer"s and Parkinson"s diseases, may at least in part involve an activation of the neuronal and glial FGF-2 signalling.	Nicotine	104-112	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	301-306
15542765-4	2004	When we examined brain from mice dependent on alcohol, nicotine, and morphine, we observed that the levels of DBI protein and its mRNA significantly increased.	Nicotine	55-63	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	110-113
18370691-1	2004	The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the transdermal administration of nicotine on insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals with and without family histories of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the first branch.	Nicotine	92-100	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	210-213
15364541-9	2004	Nicotine, the psychoactive and addictive chemical in cigarettes, and a known inducer of brain CYP2B6, was an efficacious activator of PXR and inducer of CYP3A4 transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	94-100
15146457-1	2004	The dopamine D2 receptor has been extensively studied in relation to alcoholism, substance abuse, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	102-110	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	4-24
15128291-4	2004	In addition, this mechanism links TRPV1 to intracellular signaling by various important endogenous as well as exogenous substances such as bradykinin, ethanol, nicotin and insulin.	Nicotine	160-167	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
14764595-6	2004	(ii) Only residues belonging to two beta2 segments, 74-89 and 106-115, confer up-regulation to beta4, mainly by decreasing the amount of binding sites in the absence of nicotine; on an atomic three-dimensional model of the alpha3beta2 receptor these amino acids form a compact microdomain that mainly contributes to the subunit interface and also faces the acetylcholine binding site.	Nicotine	169-177	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
14996991-4	2004	Using transgenic mice with mutations in nAChR subunits, it was demonstrated previously that the alpha4-, alpha5-, and alpha7-subunits are involved in nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	150-158	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	96-102
14762152-5	2004	The nicotine-mediated calcium response was attenuated during the process of normal myelination, decreasing by approximately 10-fold from P1 (premyelinated) to P30 (myelinated).	Nicotine	4-12	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	159-162
14713779-2	2004	ODC is induced by androgens in human prostatic epithelial cells, presumably via transcriptional activation of androgen receptor (AR) and also by nicotine.	Nicotine	145-153	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
15077009-10	2004	Short-term effectiveness of the nicotine patch may be related to dopamine beta-hydroxylase and dopamine D2 receptor genotype.	Nicotine	32-40	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	95-115
15035434-0	2004	Down-regulating effect of nicotine on connexin43 gap junctions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells is attenuated by statins.	Nicotine	26-34	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-48
15035434-1	2004	We investigated the effect of nicotine on connexin43 (Cx43) expression and gap-junctional communication in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).	Nicotine	30-38	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	42-52
15035434-3	2004	The results showed that expression of Cx43 protein is reduced by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner (6 x 10(-4) M nicotine vs control, 33% reduction, p &lt; 0.01), though Cx43 mRNA is up-regulated (6 x 10(-4) M nicotine vs control, 36% increase, p &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	65-73	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
15035434-3	2004	The results showed that expression of Cx43 protein is reduced by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner (6 x 10(-4) M nicotine vs control, 33% reduction, p &lt; 0.01), though Cx43 mRNA is up-regulated (6 x 10(-4) M nicotine vs control, 36% increase, p &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	115-123	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
15035434-3	2004	The results showed that expression of Cx43 protein is reduced by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner (6 x 10(-4) M nicotine vs control, 33% reduction, p &lt; 0.01), though Cx43 mRNA is up-regulated (6 x 10(-4) M nicotine vs control, 36% increase, p &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	115-123	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
15035434-5	2004	Such a down-regulation of Cx43 gap junctions by nicotine disappears in the presence of the nAChRs antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and protease inhibitors leupeptin plus N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-Norleu-al (ALLN).	Nicotine	48-56	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
15035434-7	2004	We concluded that i) nicotine down-regulates Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVEC via post-transcriptional modification, which involves enhancement of Cx43 proteolysis; ii) the effect of nicotine is mediated via activation of nAChRs; and iii) the effect of nicotine is attenuated by statins through mechanisms outside the hypolipidemic pathway.	Nicotine	21-29	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
15035434-7	2004	We concluded that i) nicotine down-regulates Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVEC via post-transcriptional modification, which involves enhancement of Cx43 proteolysis; ii) the effect of nicotine is mediated via activation of nAChRs; and iii) the effect of nicotine is attenuated by statins through mechanisms outside the hypolipidemic pathway.	Nicotine	21-29	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	172-176
15035434-7	2004	We concluded that i) nicotine down-regulates Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVEC via post-transcriptional modification, which involves enhancement of Cx43 proteolysis; ii) the effect of nicotine is mediated via activation of nAChRs; and iii) the effect of nicotine is attenuated by statins through mechanisms outside the hypolipidemic pathway.	Nicotine	208-216	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
15035434-7	2004	We concluded that i) nicotine down-regulates Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVEC via post-transcriptional modification, which involves enhancement of Cx43 proteolysis; ii) the effect of nicotine is mediated via activation of nAChRs; and iii) the effect of nicotine is attenuated by statins through mechanisms outside the hypolipidemic pathway.	Nicotine	208-216	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	172-176
15035434-7	2004	We concluded that i) nicotine down-regulates Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVEC via post-transcriptional modification, which involves enhancement of Cx43 proteolysis; ii) the effect of nicotine is mediated via activation of nAChRs; and iii) the effect of nicotine is attenuated by statins through mechanisms outside the hypolipidemic pathway.	Nicotine	208-216	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
15035434-7	2004	We concluded that i) nicotine down-regulates Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVEC via post-transcriptional modification, which involves enhancement of Cx43 proteolysis; ii) the effect of nicotine is mediated via activation of nAChRs; and iii) the effect of nicotine is attenuated by statins through mechanisms outside the hypolipidemic pathway.	Nicotine	208-216	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	172-176
14507983-6	2004	These results, taken together with our previously reported imaging results that demonstrated that agonists of the cholinergic system (particularly nicotine) showed transient NGF-like augmentations of a WFR, implicate the BFCS cortical projections as necessary for NGF"s rapid plasticity in the adult rat somatosensory cortex.	Nicotine	147-155	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
14507983-6	2004	These results, taken together with our previously reported imaging results that demonstrated that agonists of the cholinergic system (particularly nicotine) showed transient NGF-like augmentations of a WFR, implicate the BFCS cortical projections as necessary for NGF"s rapid plasticity in the adult rat somatosensory cortex.	Nicotine	147-155	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	264-267
14563785-1	2004	Nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopamine (DA) terminals to evoke DA release, which subsequently is taken back up into the terminal via the DA transporter (DAT).	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	172-186
14563785-1	2004	Nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopamine (DA) terminals to evoke DA release, which subsequently is taken back up into the terminal via the DA transporter (DAT).	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
14563785-11	2004	Thus, nicotine enhances DA clearance in striatum and mPFC in a mecamylamine-sensitive manner, indicating that nAChRs modulate DAT function in these brain regions.	Nicotine	6-14	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
14569062-11	2004	Inhibitors of EGFR, c-Src, and 5-LOX all significantly impeded the tumor growth induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	91-99	lysyl oxidase	Mus musculus	33-36
14684858-4	2003	Transfected midbrain neurons that were exposed to nicotine (1 d) displayed greater levels of fluorescent alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	50-58	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	116-121
14657181-0	2003	Angiotensin II blocks nicotine-mediated neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) via activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1.	Nicotine	22-30	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
14657181-3	2003	We also showed that preincubation with angiotensin II (Ang II), functioning via the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor, blocked both the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 and its neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42).	Nicotine	139-147	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-120
14657181-5	2003	Therefore, the potential biological significance of AT2 receptor-induced effects on both the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 and its neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42) led us to investigate whether SHP-1 activation could be involved in this process.	Nicotine	93-101	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
14657181-5	2003	Therefore, the potential biological significance of AT2 receptor-induced effects on both the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 and its neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42) led us to investigate whether SHP-1 activation could be involved in this process.	Nicotine	93-101	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Rattus norvegicus	204-209
14657181-6	2003	We found that Ang II induced the activation of SHP-1 and that an antisense against SHP-1 not only augmented the nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 but also blocked the Ang II neutralization of the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	112-120	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
14657181-6	2003	We found that Ang II induced the activation of SHP-1 and that an antisense against SHP-1 not only augmented the nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 but also blocked the Ang II neutralization of the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	212-220	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
14657181-7	2003	These results demonstrate that nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42) in PC12 cells are blocked by Ang II via AT2 receptor-induced activation of SHP-1.	Nicotine	31-39	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
14657181-7	2003	These results demonstrate that nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42) in PC12 cells are blocked by Ang II via AT2 receptor-induced activation of SHP-1.	Nicotine	31-39	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
14691373-11	2003	The alpha4 gain of function mutants were more sensitive to the effects of both nicotine and ethanol and the beta2 null mutants were less sensitive to both drugs.	Nicotine	79-87	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	4-10
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	203-211	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
12885861-1	2003	Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) is the first alkaloid-specific enzyme for nicotine and tropane alkaloid formation.	Nicotine	79-87	putrescine N-methyltransferase 3	Nicotiana tabacum	32-35
12929138-0	2003	Chronic nicotine administration increases NGF-like immunoreactivity in frontoparietal cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	8-16	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
12929138-3	2003	In this work, immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine the effect of nicotine on nerve growth factor (NGF) in the frontoparietal (motor, somatosensory) brain cortex of the albino rat.	Nicotine	82-90	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	94-113
12929138-3	2003	In this work, immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine the effect of nicotine on nerve growth factor (NGF) in the frontoparietal (motor, somatosensory) brain cortex of the albino rat.	Nicotine	82-90	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
12860773-7	2003	When using Cox regression with time-dependent covariates, prior nicotine dependence was confirmed to be related to subsequent panic attacks (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7-4.2), but not panic disorder (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.7-3.9).	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	11-14
12814665-1	2003	CYP2B6 metabolizes drugs such as nicotine and bupropion, and many toxins and carcinogens.	Nicotine	33-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
12814665-2	2003	Nicotine induces CYP2B1 in rat brain and in humans polymorphic variation in CYP2B6 affects smoking cessation rates.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
12814665-2	2003	Nicotine induces CYP2B1 in rat brain and in humans polymorphic variation in CYP2B6 affects smoking cessation rates.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	76-82
12814665-9	2003	Higher brain CYP2B6 activity in smokers and alcoholics may cause altered sensitivity to centrally acting drugs, increased susceptibility to neurotoxins and carcinogenic xenobiotics and contribute to central tolerance to nicotine.	Nicotine	220-228	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
12573488-0	2003	Induction of nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1 by ethanol and ethanol-metabolizing CYP2E1 by nicotine: summary and implications.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
12566374-5	2003	METHODS AND RESULTS: Nicotine dose-dependently (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L) induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules (ie, CD86, CD40), MHC class II, and adhesion molecules (ie, LFA-1, CD54).	Nicotine	21-29	CD40 antigen	Mus musculus	132-136
12566374-5	2003	METHODS AND RESULTS: Nicotine dose-dependently (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L) induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules (ie, CD86, CD40), MHC class II, and adhesion molecules (ie, LFA-1, CD54).	Nicotine	21-29	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	188-192
12566374-8	2003	The effects of nicotine were mediated in part by the phosphorylation of the PI3 kinase downstream target Akt and the mitogen-activated kinases ERK and p38 MAPK.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	151-159
12494489-4	2003	We found that nicotine and its nitrosated carcinogenic derivative 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) bind to the alpha(7) nAChR in SCLC and PNECs, resulting in the influx of Ca(2+), release of 5-HT, and activation of a mitogenic pathway mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), Raf-1, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-myc.	Nicotine	14-22	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	291-296
10837844-4	2000	However, the anxiogenic effects of mecamylamine and nicotine in the dorsal hippocampus are blocked by coadministration of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, WAY 100635, suggesting that both of these compounds act by enhancing hippocampal serotonergic transmission, thereby stimulating postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors.	Nicotine	52-60	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	126-133
10837844-4	2000	However, the anxiogenic effects of mecamylamine and nicotine in the dorsal hippocampus are blocked by coadministration of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, WAY 100635, suggesting that both of these compounds act by enhancing hippocampal serotonergic transmission, thereby stimulating postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors.	Nicotine	52-60	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	297-304
10715988-0	2000	Nicotine-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation is mediated through bFGF and TGF-beta 1.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	79-89
10715988-2	2000	We investigated if nicotine, an important constituent of cigarette smoking, has a stimulatory effect on bovine smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro through the mediation of bFGF and TGF-beta 1.	Nicotine	19-27	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	187-197
10715988-10	2000	bFGF mRNA expression was significantly higher in SMC exposed to (-)-nicotine than in the controls, but TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in SMC exposed to 6 x 10(-6) mol/L (-)-nicotine than in SMC treated with the other concentrations of (-)-nicotine and in controls.	Nicotine	189-201	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	103-113
10715988-10	2000	bFGF mRNA expression was significantly higher in SMC exposed to (-)-nicotine than in the controls, but TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in SMC exposed to 6 x 10(-6) mol/L (-)-nicotine than in SMC treated with the other concentrations of (-)-nicotine and in controls.	Nicotine	189-201	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	103-113
10715988-11	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine is a potent regulator of bFGF and TGF-beta 1 production and release by aortic SMC, and it seems to play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and neointimal fibrous hyperplasia.	Nicotine	13-21	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	56-66
10441742-1	1999	As a first step in determining whether there are polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes that are associated with nicotine addiction, we isolated genomic clones of the beta2-nAChR genes from human and mouse BAC libraries.	Nicotine	142-150	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	196-201
10463326-4	1999	RESULTS: Nicotine (40 microg) administered into mPFC substituted for nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, SC), whereas nicotine administered into mHb did not.	Nicotine	9-17	complement factor properdin	Mus musculus	48-52
10463326-5	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Together with our previous study indicating that the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area are partially involved in the DS effects of nicotine, the present study suggests that mPFC is primarily involved in the DS effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	159-167	complement factor properdin	Mus musculus	201-205
10463326-5	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Together with our previous study indicating that the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area are partially involved in the DS effects of nicotine, the present study suggests that mPFC is primarily involved in the DS effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	249-257	complement factor properdin	Mus musculus	201-205
10349607-4	1999	Nicotine dependence was measured by adapting the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ; Prokhorov, Pallonen, Fava, Ding, &amp; Niaura, 1996), and by a 6-item withdrawal symptom scale.	Nicotine	0-8	ring finger protein 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
10371654-3	1999	Although nicotine, relative to placebo, failed to alter mood, it increased absolute and relative power indices of EEG arousal, shortened reaction times, and increased P300 amplitudes.	Nicotine	9-17	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	167-171
25470684-4	1999	In the present study, the effects of nicotine (6mug/ml, 60mug/ml and 600mug/ml) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were assessed by using various exposure protocols.	Nicotine	37-45	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
10191312-2	1999	Using neuronal nAChRs of rat chromaffin cells in vitro we studied the effect of CGRP, which is physiologically present in adrenal medulla, on membrane currents and [Ca2+]i transients elicited by nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
10191312-3	1999	Our main novel observation was that CGRP (either bath-applied or focally applied for a few seconds or even co-applied with nicotine for a few milliseconds) selectively and rapidly blocked nAChRs (a phenomenon unlikely caused by intracellular messengers in view of its speed) without affecting GABA receptors.	Nicotine	123-131	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
10198208-2	1999	The pattern of bFGF and TGF beta1 production and release by bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC) stimulated with nicotine (from 6 x 10(-4) to 6 x 10(-8) M) was studied.	Nicotine	113-121	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	24-33
12433823-7	2002	Nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in pooled human liver microsomes were competitively inhibited by bilirubin as a substrate for UGT1A1 (K(i) = 3.9 and 3.3 micro M), imipramine as a substrate for UGT1A4 (K(i) = 6.1 and 2.7 micro M), and propofol as a substrate for UGT1A9 (K(i) = 6.0 and 12.0 micro M).	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	271-277
12433823-10	2002	In conclusion, the involvement of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 as well as UGT1A4 in nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in human liver microsomes was suggested, although the contributions of each UGT isoform could not be determined conclusively.	Nicotine	73-81	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	45-51
12433823-10	2002	In conclusion, the involvement of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 as well as UGT1A4 in nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in human liver microsomes was suggested, although the contributions of each UGT isoform could not be determined conclusively.	Nicotine	73-81	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	34-37
12438507-3	2002	Nicotine elicited a dose-dependent elevation of mRNA for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis in VTA and SN.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	57-77
10198208-11	1999	From these data we concluded that nicotine regulates bFGF production and release and TGF beta1 release and may have a key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	34-42	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	85-94
19429393-5	2009	Maternal nicotine administration significantly reduced renal AT(2) receptor (AT(2)R) mRNA and protein abundance in both males and females at all three developmental ages examined.	Nicotine	9-17	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-75
10101239-0	1999	Hippocampal neurotrophin and trk receptor mRNA levels are altered by local administration of nicotine, carbachol and pilocarpine.	Nicotine	93-101	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
10350185-0	1999	Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes.	Nicotine	30-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
10350185-4	1999	CYP1B1, 2C18, 3A5, and 4A11 had no measurable activities even at 500 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
10350185-6	1999	Contribution of CYP2B6 (as well as CYP2A6) was demonstrated by experiments with the effects of orphenadrine (and also coumarin and anti-CYP2A6) on the nicotine C-oxidation activities by human liver microsomes at 500 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
10350185-6	1999	Contribution of CYP2B6 (as well as CYP2A6) was demonstrated by experiments with the effects of orphenadrine (and also coumarin and anti-CYP2A6) on the nicotine C-oxidation activities by human liver microsomes at 500 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	223-231	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
19429393-5	2009	Maternal nicotine administration significantly reduced renal AT(2) receptor (AT(2)R) mRNA and protein abundance in both males and females at all three developmental ages examined.	Nicotine	9-17	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
19246390-4	2009	We show that LYNX2 can bind to and modulate neuronal nicotinic receptors, and that loss of Lynx2 alters the actions of nicotine on glutamatergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	119-127	Ly6/Plaur domain containing 1	Mus musculus	91-96
9832142-7	1998	In parallel experiments, we found that (-)-nicotine induces the basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat striatum.	Nicotine	43-51	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
9832142-8	1998	The effect of (-)-nicotine on the induction of FGF-2 was prevented by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	18-26	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
19252273-5	2009	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	85-93	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
19236119-9	2009	It also outperformed bupropion (RR 1.52 [95% CI 1.22, 1.88]) and nicotine replacement (RR 1.31 [95% CI 1.01, 1.71]).	Nicotine	65-73	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	87-91
9922942-5	1998	The results showed that while cocaine and nicotine have a minor ability to increase testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylase activity, a marker activity for the CYP2B1 and 2, all other compounds did not have any such effect.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-165
9786868-0	1998	Chronic nicotine treatment up-regulates human alpha3 beta2 but not alpha3 beta4 acetylcholine receptors stably transfected in human embryonic kidney cells.	Nicotine	8-16	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	53-58
9786868-3	1998	Nicotine was a partial agonist on alpha3 beta4 AChRs and nearly a full agonist on alpha3 beta2 alpha5 AChRs.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	89-94
9786868-4	1998	Chronic exposure of cells expressing alpha3 beta2 AChRs or alpha3 beta2 alpha5 AChRs to nicotine or carbamylcholine increased their amount up to 24-fold but had no effect on the amount of alpha3beta4 or alpha3 beta4 alpha5 AChRs, i.e. the up-regulation of alpha3 AChRs depended on the presence of beta2 but not beta4 subunits in the AChRs.	Nicotine	88-96	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
9786868-4	1998	Chronic exposure of cells expressing alpha3 beta2 AChRs or alpha3 beta2 alpha5 AChRs to nicotine or carbamylcholine increased their amount up to 24-fold but had no effect on the amount of alpha3beta4 or alpha3 beta4 alpha5 AChRs, i.e. the up-regulation of alpha3 AChRs depended on the presence of beta2 but not beta4 subunits in the AChRs.	Nicotine	88-96	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
18418357-8	2009	Furthermore, nicotine (1 microM) increased NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in rat CeA slices, similar to its previously described effects in the VTA.	Nicotine	13-21	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
9786868-4	1998	Chronic exposure of cells expressing alpha3 beta2 AChRs or alpha3 beta2 alpha5 AChRs to nicotine or carbamylcholine increased their amount up to 24-fold but had no effect on the amount of alpha3beta4 or alpha3 beta4 alpha5 AChRs, i.e. the up-regulation of alpha3 AChRs depended on the presence of beta2 but not beta4 subunits in the AChRs.	Nicotine	88-96	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
9786868-6	1998	In the absence of nicotine, alpha3 beta2 AChRs were expressed at much lower levels than alpha3 beta4 AChRs, but in the presence of nicotine, the amount of alpha3 beta2 AChRs exceeded that of alpha3 beta4 AChRs.	Nicotine	131-139	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	162-167
9786868-11	1998	Our data suggest that up-regulation of alpha3 beta2 AChRs in these lines by nicotine results from both increased subunit assembly and decreased AChR turnover.	Nicotine	76-84	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	46-51
18922921-0	2008	Nicotine promotes mammary tumor migration via a signaling cascade involving protein kinase C and CDC42.	Nicotine	0-8	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	97-102
18922921-8	2008	Experiments using small interfering RNA knockdown or ectopic expression of cdc42 showed that cdc42 functions as a downstream effector of PKC and is crucial in the regulation of nicotine-mediated migratory activity in the cells.	Nicotine	177-185	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	75-80
18922921-8	2008	Experiments using small interfering RNA knockdown or ectopic expression of cdc42 showed that cdc42 functions as a downstream effector of PKC and is crucial in the regulation of nicotine-mediated migratory activity in the cells.	Nicotine	177-185	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	93-98
18922921-9	2008	Together, our findings suggest that nicotine, through interacting with its receptor, initiates a signaling cascade that involves PKC and cdc42 and consequently promotes migration in mammary epithelial or tumor cells.	Nicotine	36-44	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	137-142
18789935-4	2008	Expression of CD59 by RT-PCR and Western blot was drastically reduced in the animals that were fed with alcohol, nicotine and alcohol and nicotine compared to those fed with water alone and this was associated with exacerbation of CNV.	Nicotine	113-121	CD59 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
9772029-2	1998	Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) determined by 15O-water was used to flow compensate two nicotine model parameters, k1 and k2, obtained in a two-compartment kinetic model.	Nicotine	92-100	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
9694941-7	1998	In contrast, when nicotine is administered repeatedly once every hour for 3 hr, TH remains activated 20 min after the last injection.	Nicotine	18-26	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	80-82
9694941-8	1998	Cross-tolerance between the nicotine- and bethanechol-mediated effects on TH enzyme activity are not observed, when rats are injected repeatedly with nicotine and then administered bethanechol or vice versa.	Nicotine	28-36	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	74-76
9694941-8	1998	Cross-tolerance between the nicotine- and bethanechol-mediated effects on TH enzyme activity are not observed, when rats are injected repeatedly with nicotine and then administered bethanechol or vice versa.	Nicotine	150-158	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	74-76
9694941-9	1998	Coadministration of atropine and hexamethonium does not inhibit the nicotine-mediated activation of TH, suggesting that noncholinergic receptors participate in the transsynaptic activation of adrenal TH elicited by nicotine.	Nicotine	215-223	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	200-202
18789935-4	2008	Expression of CD59 by RT-PCR and Western blot was drastically reduced in the animals that were fed with alcohol, nicotine and alcohol and nicotine compared to those fed with water alone and this was associated with exacerbation of CNV.	Nicotine	138-146	CD59 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
18991851-3	2008	A majority of high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain have been showed in heteropentameric alpha4 (alpha4) and beta2 subunit (beta2) of nAChRs.	Nicotine	28-36	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	121-126
9519247-0	1998	Increase of glucose transporter densities (Glut1 and Glut3) during chronic administration of nicotine in rat brain.	Nicotine	93-101	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
9519247-9	1998	It is concluded that one week of nicotine infusion is sufficient to raise the densities of Glut1 and Glut3 glucose transporters predominantly in those structures in which LCGU is elevated.	Nicotine	33-41	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
9701721-1	1998	Fifteen male users of oral snuff participated in an experiment where we used an auditory-visual vigilance task to study nicotine effects on P300 and response parameters.	Nicotine	120-128	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	140-144
18991866-1	2008	Selective antagonists of the mGluR5 receptor attenuate rewarding and reinforcing effects of various drugs of abuse, including alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine.	Nicotine	135-143	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	29-35
18723372-0	2008	Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthesis by nicotine through S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway and STAT3 (Ser 727) phosphorylation in Raw 264.7 cells.	Nicotine	67-75	cyclin-dependent kinase 20	Mus musculus	89-92
9197282-5	1997	The TH gene may be regulated by a nicotine-related signaling pathway, whereas alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4 nAChR genes may be further regulated by a protein kinase A (PKA) pathway under long-term nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	34-42	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	4-6
9144319-15	1997	These results suggest that both nicotine and oxo-M stimulate Ca2+ entry, probably through voltage-gated Ca2+-channels.	Nicotine	32-40	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	61-64
9144319-15	1997	These results suggest that both nicotine and oxo-M stimulate Ca2+ entry, probably through voltage-gated Ca2+-channels.	Nicotine	32-40	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	104-107
18723372-6	2008	Pretreatment of cells with nicotine blocked LPS-induced p42/44 MAPK and S6K1 as well as iNOS promoter activity.	Nicotine	27-35	cyclin-dependent kinase 20	Mus musculus	56-59
18723372-7	2008	Furthermore, we found that LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at serine 727 is mediated by S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway, and this STAT3 phosphorylation was also blocked by nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	cyclin-dependent kinase 20	Mus musculus	98-101
18723372-9	2008	Taken together, our results suggest that nicotine inhibits LPS-induced NO synthesis through suppression of S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway and phosphorylation of STAT3 in Raw 264.7 cells.	Nicotine	41-49	cyclin-dependent kinase 20	Mus musculus	112-115
18762859-2	2008	The majority of high affinity nicotine binding sites in the human brain have been implicated in heteropentameric alpha4 and beta2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; therefore, these two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors genes (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) are considered to be attractive candidate genes for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.	Nicotine	30-38	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
9503263-6	1997	In parallel experiments, we found that (-)nicotine induces the basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat striatum.	Nicotine	42-50	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-93
9503263-6	1997	In parallel experiments, we found that (-)nicotine induces the basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat striatum.	Nicotine	42-50	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
9503263-7	1997	As FGF-2 and BDNF have been reported to be neuroprotective for dopaminergic cells, our data indicate that the increase in neurotrophic factors is a possible mechanism by which (-)nicotine protects from experimental parkinsonisms.	Nicotine	179-187	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	3-8
18762859-2	2008	The majority of high affinity nicotine binding sites in the human brain have been implicated in heteropentameric alpha4 and beta2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; therefore, these two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors genes (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) are considered to be attractive candidate genes for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-274
18784291-0	2008	Presynaptic type III neuregulin 1 is required for sustained enhancement of hippocampal transmission by nicotine and for axonal targeting of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	103-111	neuregulin 1	Homo sapiens	21-33
9494946-3	1997	Nicotine patch decreased caloric, carbohydrate and fat intake in a dose-related manner, showed a trend for weight and showed no effect for hunger.	Nicotine	0-8	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
18718366-6	2008	Interestingly, the messenger RNA expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1, bone sialoprotein, and ALP activity were significantly reduced in nicotine-treated HDPC.	Nicotine	152-160	decapping mRNA 2	Homo sapiens	169-173
18499348-1	2008	This study explored whether functional genetic variants previously associated with nicotine dependence are associated with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during nicotine abstinence (compared to satiety; smoking as usual).	Nicotine	83-91	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
18499348-1	2008	This study explored whether functional genetic variants previously associated with nicotine dependence are associated with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during nicotine abstinence (compared to satiety; smoking as usual).	Nicotine	174-182	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
18472096-11	2008	Furthermore, the expression of VEGF and bFGF within CNV and VCAM-1 in choroid beneath CNV was up-regulated in nicotine-exposed mice.	Nicotine	110-118	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	40-44
12438507-10	2002	The findings indicate that nicotine may regulate dopamine biosynthesis by alterations in gene expression of TH and its cofactor.	Nicotine	27-35	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	108-110
18434921-6	2008	Once smoking started, carriers of the T allele of a single nucleotide polymorphism of DRD2 (rs4648317) reported higher rates of current smoking and scored higher on nicotine dependence than their allelic counterparts.	Nicotine	165-173	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	86-90
12409526-8	2002	Nicotine also decreased basal TH mRNA levels in the adrenals.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	30-32
12409526-9	2002	The present results suggest (1) that the postnatal increases in adrenal TH mRNA levels are not directly due to hypoxia at birth, and (2) that the increased mortality seen after hypoxia in nicotine pups concurs with a perturbed LC function in these animals.	Nicotine	188-196	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	72-74
18338158-8	2008	RESULTS: Nicotine increased overall PPI, eta2(p)=0.09.	Nicotine	9-17	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	41-45
12439223-2	2002	The CYP2B6 gene has been implicated in bupropion kinetics and nicotine metabolism, and is a plausible candidate for pharmacogenetic studies of treatment response.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
12393268-2	2002	In the present study, we investigated the effects of alpha7nAChR over-expression and nicotine on ERK phosphorylation and N-cadherin expression by comparing 3 groups of cells: PC12 cells transfected with alpha7 subunit cDNA (alpha7pCMV cells); untransfected PC12 cells exposed to 50 microM nicotine (PC12 cells+nicotine); and PC12 cells transfected with vector only (pCMV cells).	Nicotine	85-93	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
12393268-5	2002	PC12 cells+nicotine exhibited transient expression of phospho-ERKs at 48 h after addition of nicotine, but did not exhibit differentiation-like transformation.	Nicotine	11-19	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
18412948-6	2008	However, nicotine exposure during differentiation suppressed the oxidative burst in HL-60 cells (p &lt; 0.001); inhibited bacterial killing (p &lt; 0.01); and increased the LPS-induced release of MMP-9, but not MMP-2 (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	9-17	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	211-216
12393268-5	2002	PC12 cells+nicotine exhibited transient expression of phospho-ERKs at 48 h after addition of nicotine, but did not exhibit differentiation-like transformation.	Nicotine	93-101	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
12438099-3	2002	CGRP(1-6) evoked no direct change in baseline current or input conductance, but it strongly potentiated inward currents induced by very fast, nondesensitizing applications of nicotine.	Nicotine	175-183	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18316420-0	2008	Association of low striatal dopamine d2 receptor availability with nicotine dependence similar to that seen with other drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	67-75	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	28-48
12438099-10	2002	CGRP(1-6) preferentially potentiated small over large responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	67-75	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
12130686-1	2002	Nicotine-stimulated (86)Rb(+) efflux and [(3)H]cytisine binding, both of which seem to measure the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits, were assessed in eight brain regions obtained from 14 inbred mouse strains.	Nicotine	0-8	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	145-151
12151760-0	2002	Mechanisms of nicotine mediated communication between NGF-differentiated PC12 and HEL cells.	Nicotine	14-22	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
12111438-0	2002	Increase of transcriptional levels of egr-1 and nur77 genes due to both nicotine treatment and withdrawal in pheochromocytoma cells.	Nicotine	72-80	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
12111438-1	2002	The influence of nicotine on the expression of egr-1 and nur77 genes by nicotine treatment and withdrawal was assessed using PC12 cells.	Nicotine	17-25	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
12111438-1	2002	The influence of nicotine on the expression of egr-1 and nur77 genes by nicotine treatment and withdrawal was assessed using PC12 cells.	Nicotine	72-80	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
12111438-2	2002	Nicotine treatment significantly increased the amount of mRNA for egr-1 and nur77 genes at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment in the PC12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
12111438-2	2002	Nicotine treatment significantly increased the amount of mRNA for egr-1 and nur77 genes at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment in the PC12 cells.	Nicotine	102-110	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
12111438-3	2002	In addition, nicotine withdrawal also elevated transcriptional levels of egr-1 and nur77 genes in Northern blot analyses.	Nicotine	13-21	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
18068289-8	2008	Our Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and NF-kappaB in lung and liver of nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	129-137	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-93
12111438-4	2002	Nicotine treatment (200 microM) was also found to significantly increase expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
12111438-4	2002	Nicotine treatment (200 microM) was also found to significantly increase expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	135-143	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
12111438-5	2002	In contrast, Egr-1 and Nur77 protein levels were dramatically decreased by nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	75-83	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
12111438-6	2002	These results suggest that expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins in neural cells may affect the transcriptional activity of late-response genes after nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	160-168	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
18048009-0	2008	Involvement of spinal Met-enkephalin in nicotine-induced antinociception in mice.	Nicotine	40-48	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	22-36
17553504-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These results - for the first time - show that nicotine induces functional intercellular communication failure in endothelial cells probably resulting from down-regulated Cx37 and Cx43 expression.	Nicotine	60-68	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	193-197
12101081-0	2002	Expression and regulation of the macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha gene by nicotine in rat alveolar macrophages.	Nicotine	81-89	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	33-72
12101081-6	2002	In the present study, we further investigate whether nicotine can regulate the gene expression of MIP-1 alpha in macrophages and determine the mechanism leading to increased expression.	Nicotine	53-61	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	98-109
17986348-3	2007	In addition, P300 data suggest that chronic nicotine use reduces P300 amplitudes.	Nicotine	44-52	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	13-17
12101081-9	2002	To define the time course of the inflammatory response, RAM cells were exposed to 31 microM nicotine, MIP-1 alpha mRNA was induced as early as 1 h after treatment, was maximally expressed at 4 and 6 hours, and reduced by 8 hours.	Nicotine	92-100	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	102-113
17986348-3	2007	In addition, P300 data suggest that chronic nicotine use reduces P300 amplitudes.	Nicotine	44-52	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	65-69
12101081-10	2002	Western blot analysis demonstrated a single band with an estimated molecular weight of 10 kD for MIP-1 alpha which was induced after nicotine treatment, suggesting that expression of MIP-1 alpha mRNA could reflect in protein synthesis.	Nicotine	133-141	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	97-108
17986348-9	2007	Subgroup analyses revealed significantly reduced P300 amplitudes in controls with nicotine use when compared to those without.	Nicotine	82-90	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	49-53
12101081-10	2002	Western blot analysis demonstrated a single band with an estimated molecular weight of 10 kD for MIP-1 alpha which was induced after nicotine treatment, suggesting that expression of MIP-1 alpha mRNA could reflect in protein synthesis.	Nicotine	133-141	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	183-194
12101081-12	2002	the increase in MIP-1 alpha mRNA expression induced by nicotine was attenuated by co-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), at doses of 10 and 20 mM, suggesting that the induction of MIP-1 alpha mRNA is mediated via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Nicotine	55-63	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	16-27
17986348-11	2007	Controls with nicotine had lower P300 amplitudes when compared to patients with concomitant non-opioid drugs.	Nicotine	14-22	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	33-37
12101081-12	2002	the increase in MIP-1 alpha mRNA expression induced by nicotine was attenuated by co-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), at doses of 10 and 20 mM, suggesting that the induction of MIP-1 alpha mRNA is mediated via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Nicotine	55-63	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	199-210
17907844-0	2007	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 involvement in the enhancement of contextual fear conditioning by nicotine.	Nicotine	108-116	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	0-41
12101081-13	2002	To further investigate transcriptional regulation of the MIP-1 alpha gene expression, RAM cells were exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	57-68
12101081-16	2002	Treatment of RAM cells with the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D following exposure to nicotine revealed that the half-life of MIP-1 alpha mRNA was markedly increased by nicotine treatment, supporting a role of post-transcriptional stabilization in MIP-1 alpha gene expression.	Nicotine	94-102	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-145
12101081-16	2002	Treatment of RAM cells with the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D following exposure to nicotine revealed that the half-life of MIP-1 alpha mRNA was markedly increased by nicotine treatment, supporting a role of post-transcriptional stabilization in MIP-1 alpha gene expression.	Nicotine	177-185	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-145
12101081-16	2002	Treatment of RAM cells with the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D following exposure to nicotine revealed that the half-life of MIP-1 alpha mRNA was markedly increased by nicotine treatment, supporting a role of post-transcriptional stabilization in MIP-1 alpha gene expression.	Nicotine	177-185	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	256-267
12101081-17	2002	These observations indicate that nicotine can induce MIP-1 alpha mRNA expression and protein synthesis in RAM cells, mediating, at least in part, via the generation of ROS.	Nicotine	33-41	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
8912774-0	1996	Nicotine enhances expression of the neutrophil elastase gene and protein in a human myeloblast/promyelocyte cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	36-55
8912774-3	1996	Because the expression of NE is limited to neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow, we hypothesized that nicotine, which is readily absorbed from lung and distributed to tissue, including bone marrow, would increase expression of the NE gene and protein.	Nicotine	106-114	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	26-28
8912774-3	1996	Because the expression of NE is limited to neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow, we hypothesized that nicotine, which is readily absorbed from lung and distributed to tissue, including bone marrow, would increase expression of the NE gene and protein.	Nicotine	106-114	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	235-237
8912774-4	1996	HL-60 cells, a myeloblast/promyelocyte cell line, were cultured in the presence or absence of 0.06 and 0.8 microM nicotine for 5 d. Both concentrations of nicotine caused a 2.4- to 3.3-fold increase, respectively, in NE gene expression over unstimulated cells, and NE protein increased 4.8- to 3.4-fold over unstimulated cells, respectively, similar to our positive control DMSO.	Nicotine	155-163	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	217-219
8912774-4	1996	HL-60 cells, a myeloblast/promyelocyte cell line, were cultured in the presence or absence of 0.06 and 0.8 microM nicotine for 5 d. Both concentrations of nicotine caused a 2.4- to 3.3-fold increase, respectively, in NE gene expression over unstimulated cells, and NE protein increased 4.8- to 3.4-fold over unstimulated cells, respectively, similar to our positive control DMSO.	Nicotine	155-163	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	265-267
8912774-6	1996	Both low and high nicotine concentrations upregulate the NE gene in HL-60 cells leading to increased NE protein concentration per cell suggesting a pathophysiologic mechanism for emphysema.	Nicotine	18-26	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	57-59
8912774-6	1996	Both low and high nicotine concentrations upregulate the NE gene in HL-60 cells leading to increased NE protein concentration per cell suggesting a pathophysiologic mechanism for emphysema.	Nicotine	18-26	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	101-103
8723714-1	1996	The effects of a repeated treatment with nicotine on the expression of mRNAs encoding preproenkephalin (PPE), preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A), and preprodynorphin (PPDYN) were examined by in situ hybridization histochemistry in various subregions of the nucleus accumbens (Acb).	Nicotine	41-49	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	142-157
11811937-9	2002	In contrast to STE, nicotine at 100 microg/ml significantly elevated production of IL-12 p40 and p70 from splenic macrophages stimulate by IFN-gamma/LPS.	Nicotine	20-28	interactor of constitutive active ROPs 2, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	97-100
11905997-8	2002	Down stream of PKA, the activity of B-Raf was significantly decreased by nicotine in SH-SY5Y cells, as determined by direct measurement of MEK1 phosphorylation or in vitro kinase assays, whereas the modulation of MEK1 phosphorylation by Raf-1 tended to increase.	Nicotine	73-81	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	237-242
11862374-8	2002	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that nicotinic and dopamine D(1) receptors are involved in the nicotine-induced potentiation of brain stimulation reward, while actions at dopamine D(2), mGlu(2/3) and mGlu(5) receptors did not modulate this effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	190-198
17907844-3	2007	As such, it is possible that ERK 1/2 is involved in the enhancement of contextual fear conditioning by nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	29-36
11738249-2	2002	Recent studies from this laboratory demonstrated that PACAP pretreatment inhibits nicotine (NIC)-induced intracellular Ca(2+) transients and catecholamine secretion in porcine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	82-90	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
11738249-2	2002	Recent studies from this laboratory demonstrated that PACAP pretreatment inhibits nicotine (NIC)-induced intracellular Ca(2+) transients and catecholamine secretion in porcine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	92-95	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
17907844-7	2007	These results suggest that activation of ERK 1/2 by nicotine during acquisition leads to an enhancement of contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	52-60	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	41-48
8522957-6	1996	These results suggest that nicotine may actually facilitate DA transporter systems within the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	27-35	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	60-74
7494448-3	1995	In this study we show that single and repeated injections of nicotine increase the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate limiting enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway.	Nicotine	61-69	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	97-117
17576790-8	2007	These novel findings solve two seemingly separate questions: which UGT is primarily responsible for nicotine glucuronidation in human liver, and what conjugation reactions are catalyzed by UGT2B10.	Nicotine	100-108	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	67-70
7494448-3	1995	In this study we show that single and repeated injections of nicotine increase the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate limiting enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway.	Nicotine	61-69	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	119-121
7494448-8	1995	These data indicate that activation of several transcription factors and increased expression of TH, DBH, and NPY is dependent on the mode of nicotine administration.	Nicotine	142-150	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	97-99
11859855-6	2002	Evidence also has been presented to indicate that nicotine acts on alpha7-nicotinic receptors located on sympathetic nerve terminals, resulting in release of norepinephrine which then diffuses to act on beta2-adrenoceptos located on the neighboring nitrergic nerve terminals to release NO and therefore vasodilation.	Nicotine	50-58	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	203-208
17575236-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine could up-regulate expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, costimulatory molecules, such as CD80, CD86, and CD40, adhesion molecule CD11b, and chemokine receptor CCR7 and enhance endocytosis ability of imDCs.	Nicotine	9-17	CD40 antigen	Mus musculus	133-137
11574286-5	2001	These EtOH- and nicotine-induced decreases in brain membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated with elevated levels of brain lipid hydroperoxides and reduced brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC.	Nicotine	16-24	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Gallus gallus	169-189
14689012-1	1995	The effects of a gestational exposure of 80 rats Wistar EPM-1 to nicotine and undernutrition was examined.	Nicotine	65-73	cystatin B	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
11574286-5	2001	These EtOH- and nicotine-induced decreases in brain membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated with elevated levels of brain lipid hydroperoxides and reduced brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC.	Nicotine	16-24	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Gallus gallus	191-195
17548664-3	2007	The genotype x treatment interaction effect at 12-week follow-up indicated a greater benefit of active nicotine replacement treatment compared with placebo on likelihood of abstinence in the COMT Met/Met genotype group (33% versus 12%), in comparison to the Met/Val + Val/Val group (22% versus 16%).	Nicotine	103-111	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	191-195
17548664-4	2007	Our results indicate that COMT genotype may moderate the effect of active transdermal nicotine patch compared with placebo, with reduced relative benefit of nicotine replacement therapy in individuals with Met/Val or Val/Val genotype.	Nicotine	86-94	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	26-30
7599937-8	1995	Nicotine (5 microM), forskolin (1 microM) and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-Br-cyclic AMP, 1 mM) each increased TOH activity by up to 200% over 10 min.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	104-107
7599937-21	1995	The activations of TOH by forskolin (1O microM) and nicotine (5 microM) were additive.8.	Nicotine	52-60	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	19-22
17451542-8	2007	The MMP-14 and MMP-2 produced by the nicotine-treated human gingival fibroblasts more readily underwent zymogen activation.	Nicotine	37-45	matrix metallopeptidase 14	Homo sapiens	4-10
7543184-9	1995	While the NPY(16-36)-induced inhibition of IACh was reversed on washout of the peptide, the slightly shorter C-terminal fragment NPY(18-36) caused a long-lasting depression of both IACh and catecholamine secretion evoked by nicotine.	Nicotine	224-232	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	129-132
7910680-0	1994	Nicotine-induced regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in adrenal gland of transgenic mouse carrying human tyrosine hydroxylase gene.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	31-51
7910680-1	1994	We investigated the effect of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on in vitro tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in adrenal gland and brain of the transgenic mice carrying an 11-kb fragment containing the entire human TH gene.	Nicotine	56-64	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	77-97
7910680-1	1994	We investigated the effect of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on in vitro tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in adrenal gland and brain of the transgenic mice carrying an 11-kb fragment containing the entire human TH gene.	Nicotine	56-64	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	99-101
7910680-2	1994	Injection of 5 mg nicotine/kg (as free base) for 3 days caused a statistically significant increase in vitro TH activity in the adrenal gland, whereas brain TH activity was not affected at all.	Nicotine	18-26	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	109-111
17451542-8	2007	The MMP-14 and MMP-2 produced by the nicotine-treated human gingival fibroblasts more readily underwent zymogen activation.	Nicotine	37-45	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
7910680-4	1994	This observation might indicate the possibility that the machinery used by nicotine in regulating the properties or expression of TH in the adrenal gland should be similar between transgenic and non-transgenic mice.	Nicotine	75-83	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	130-132
17451542-12	2007	CONCLUSION: Nicotine increased human gingival fibroblast-mediated collagen degradation, in part through the activation of membrane-associated MMPs.	Nicotine	12-20	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	142-146
17512560-7	2007	STOP KO mice were hypersensitive to the stimulating locomotor effect of nicotine and, interestingly, their impaired performance in learning the cued version of the water maze were improved by administration of the preferential alpha7 nAChR agonist choline.	Nicotine	72-80	microtubule-associated protein 6	Mus musculus	0-4
8035645-0	1994	Nicotine stimulation of nerve growth factor receptor expression.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	24-52
8035645-3	1994	Using a differentiated PC-12 neuronal cell model, we have detected an increase in expression of cell surface NGF receptor protein after acute exposure to nicotine in the micromolar range.	Nicotine	154-162	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	109-121
8035645-4	1994	In addition, we have also observed a persistent effect upon NGF receptor expression which lasted even after nicotine (nanomolar range) was removed from the tissue culture medium.	Nicotine	108-116	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	60-72
8035645-6	1994	These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lasting and beneficial actions of nicotine previously observed in vivo may involve an indirect effect upon the level of neuronal cell surface NGF receptor expression.	Nicotine	92-100	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	200-212
17459420-7	2007	Exposure of SCLC or PNECs to NNK or nicotine increased expression of the alpha7nAChR and caused influx of Ca(2+), activation of PKC, Raf-1, ERK1/2, and c-myc, resulting in the stimulation of cell proliferation.	Nicotine	36-44	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	133-138
17459420-12	2007	NNK and nicotine-induced hyperactivity of the alpha7nAChR/RAF/ERK1/2 pathway thus appears to play a crucial role in the development of SCLC in smokers and could be targeted for cancer prevention.	Nicotine	8-16	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	58-61
17520028-7	2007	Additionally, nicotine significantly reduced tubular damages, prevented neutrophil infiltration and decreased productions of the CXC-chemokine KC, TNF-alpha and the proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 protein.	Nicotine	14-22	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	181-206
8119325-6	1993	Nicotine also induced relaxation of the circular muscle, and its effect was inhibited by 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.	Nicotine	0-8	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	89-103
17470777-4	2007	These data offer previously undescribed insights into the understanding of nicotine addiction and the treatment of several human pathologies by nicotine-like agents chronically acting on beta2*- or alpha7*nAChRs.	Nicotine	75-83	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
8119325-8	1993	Nitro-L-arginine inhibited the increases induced by both compounds in the cyclic GMP content, and a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist also inhibited that induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	157-165	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	100-114
8117928-3	1993	For comparison, the N-1"-oxidation of (S)-nicotine in the presence of the cytochrome P450 2B1 from rat liver, cytochrome P450 2B10 from mouse liver, and cytochrome P450 4A2 from rabbit lung was examined.	Nicotine	38-50	cytochrome P450 2B1	Rattus norvegicus	74-93
17470777-4	2007	These data offer previously undescribed insights into the understanding of nicotine addiction and the treatment of several human pathologies by nicotine-like agents chronically acting on beta2*- or alpha7*nAChRs.	Nicotine	144-152	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
17401602-0	2007	Reversal of nicotine-induced alveolar lipofibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation by stimulants of parathyroid hormone-related protein signaling.	Nicotine	12-20	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	108-143
8445675-10	1993	Those in the lowest exposure category (&lt; 0.5 micrograms/m3 weekly average nicotine) had median 4-ABP-hemoglobin adduct levels of 15 pg of 4-ABP per gram of hemoglobin, while those in the highest exposure category (&gt; or = 2.0 micrograms/m3) had median levels of 26 pg/g.	Nicotine	77-85	auxin-binding protein T92	Nicotiana tabacum	100-103
17401602-1	2007	Nicotine exposure disrupts the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-driven alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine-signaling pathway, resulting in the transdifferentiation of pulmonary lipofibroblasts (LIFs) to myofibroblasts (MYFs), which seems to be central to altered pulmonary development and function in infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy.	Nicotine	0-8	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	31-66
8445675-10	1993	Those in the lowest exposure category (&lt; 0.5 micrograms/m3 weekly average nicotine) had median 4-ABP-hemoglobin adduct levels of 15 pg of 4-ABP per gram of hemoglobin, while those in the highest exposure category (&gt; or = 2.0 micrograms/m3) had median levels of 26 pg/g.	Nicotine	77-85	auxin-binding protein T92	Nicotiana tabacum	143-146
17401602-1	2007	Nicotine exposure disrupts the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-driven alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine-signaling pathway, resulting in the transdifferentiation of pulmonary lipofibroblasts (LIFs) to myofibroblasts (MYFs), which seems to be central to altered pulmonary development and function in infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy.	Nicotine	0-8	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	68-73
8458908-2	1993	The products of beta-glucuronidase cleavage found in human urine were mainly trans-3"-hydroxycotinine, cotinine, and a small amount of nicotine.	Nicotine	135-143	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	16-34
8454014-9	1993	Second, haloperidol, a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist, blocked the effect of nicotine on the blink reflex.	Nicotine	80-88	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	23-45
17401602-2	2007	Modulation of PTHrP-driven signaling can almost completely prevent nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation.	Nicotine	67-75	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	14-19
17401602-4	2007	Our objective was to determine if nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation could be reversed by specifically targeting the PTHrP-mediated alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling.	Nicotine	34-42	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	131-136
17401602-8	2007	Nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation was almost completely reversed by treatment with RGZ, PTHrP, or DBcAMP, as determined by protein and functional assays.	Nicotine	0-8	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	103-108
17401602-9	2007	Using a specific molecular approach and targeting specific molecular intermediates in the PTHrP signaling pathway, to our knowledge, this for the first time, demonstrates the reversibility of nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, suggesting not only the possibility of prevention but also the potential for reversal of nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	192-200	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	90-95
17401602-9	2007	Using a specific molecular approach and targeting specific molecular intermediates in the PTHrP signaling pathway, to our knowledge, this for the first time, demonstrates the reversibility of nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, suggesting not only the possibility of prevention but also the potential for reversal of nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	331-339	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	90-95
18475554-5	1993	The most likely causative factors for the inhibition of the diamine oxidase are nicotine, alcohol, food additives and other environmental chemicals, or perhaps a genetic defect of the diamine oxidase.	Nicotine	80-88	amine oxidase copper containing 1	Homo sapiens	60-75
17412372-3	2007	We report here that the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO), a major effect of tobacco smoke, increases the reinforcing effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	132-140	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
17412372-5	2007	Whereas control rats did not self-administer nicotine, low doses of nicotine (2.5 to 21 microg/kg/injection) were avidly self-administered following a pretreatment with tranylcypromine (3 mg/kg), an irreversible and non-selective MAO inhibitor.	Nicotine	68-76	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	230-233
17412372-10	2007	Taken together, these results indicate that in a stringent self-administration acquisition test, MAO inhibition increases the rewarding effect of low doses of nicotine, possibly via a dopamine-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	159-167	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
16766132-0	2007	Heavy nicotine and alcohol use in alcohol dependence is associated with D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) polymorphism.	Nicotine	6-14	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	72-92
16766132-0	2007	Heavy nicotine and alcohol use in alcohol dependence is associated with D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) polymorphism.	Nicotine	6-14	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	94-98
16766132-2	2007	The A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene has been independently associated with alcohol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	105-113	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	21-41
16766132-2	2007	The A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene has been independently associated with alcohol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	105-113	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	43-47
17227300-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment caused dose-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), the maxima occurring at 100 micro m and at 3 min after treatment; the response was suppressed by the ERK1/2 inhibitor.	Nicotine	9-17	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
17227300-6	2007	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment caused dose-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), the maxima occurring at 100 micro m and at 3 min after treatment; the response was suppressed by the ERK1/2 inhibitor.	Nicotine	9-17	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	214-220
17227300-8	2007	Exposure of cells to 100 microm nicotine for 6 min significantly enhanced both baseline and cholecystokinin-stimulated cell function, and these effects were not affected by treatment with the inhibitor of ERK1/2 but were suppressed by mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	32-40	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	205-211
17068140-4	2007	Short-term nicotine treatment stimulated phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK, p38-MAPK, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.	Nicotine	11-19	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
17068140-4	2007	Short-term nicotine treatment stimulated phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK, p38-MAPK, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.	Nicotine	11-19	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
17068140-5	2007	However, an additive effect of nicotine pretreatment on insulin stimulation was only observed on p44/42-MAPK.	Nicotine	31-39	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
17068140-6	2007	The nicotine-induced phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK and [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation were effectively suppressed by a alpha7-nAChR-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine, and the phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK was stimulated by a alpha7-nAChR-specific agonist, GTS21.	Nicotine	4-12	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
17068140-6	2007	The nicotine-induced phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK and [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation were effectively suppressed by a alpha7-nAChR-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine, and the phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK was stimulated by a alpha7-nAChR-specific agonist, GTS21.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
17068140-6	2007	The nicotine-induced phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK and [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation were effectively suppressed by a alpha7-nAChR-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine, and the phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK was stimulated by a alpha7-nAChR-specific agonist, GTS21.	Nicotine	4-12	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
17068140-6	2007	The nicotine-induced phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK and [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation were effectively suppressed by a alpha7-nAChR-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine, and the phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK was stimulated by a alpha7-nAChR-specific agonist, GTS21.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Rattus norvegicus	247-252
17068140-8	2007	Interestingly, long-term (48-h) pretreatment with nicotine increased the amount of alpha7-AChR in the plasma membrane and insulin-induced phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK.	Nicotine	50-58	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
17068140-9	2007	These results provide the first evidence that acute exposure to nicotine enhances insulin-induced mitogenesis predominantly by affecting the phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK and that chronic exposure further augments the insulin signal via up-regulation of alpha7-nAChR, which may be crucial for the development and progression of atherosclerosis in large vessels.	Nicotine	64-72	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
17068140-9	2007	These results provide the first evidence that acute exposure to nicotine enhances insulin-induced mitogenesis predominantly by affecting the phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK and that chronic exposure further augments the insulin signal via up-regulation of alpha7-nAChR, which may be crucial for the development and progression of atherosclerosis in large vessels.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Rattus norvegicus	262-267
17291856-13	2007	Nicotine induced a 2-fold increase in arginase I and ODC expression in airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
17291856-14	2007	CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the expression of arginase I and ODC is increased in airways of smoking compared with nonsmoking asthmatic subjects and in vitro by nicotine.	Nicotine	173-181	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
16888810-0	2007	ERK 1/2 signaling pathway is involved in nicotine-mediated neuroprotection in spinal cord neurons.	Nicotine	41-49	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
11811354-0	2001	Nicotine-induced contraction in the rat coronary artery: possible involvement of the endothelium, reactive oxygen species and COX-1 metabolites.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
11811354-5	2001	Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors (flurbiprofen, ketoprofen and ketrolack) attenuated the nicotine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors at high concentrations (nimesulide and NS-389) slightly attenuated the contraction.	Nicotine	92-100	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
11811354-5	2001	Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors (flurbiprofen, ketoprofen and ketrolack) attenuated the nicotine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors at high concentrations (nimesulide and NS-389) slightly attenuated the contraction.	Nicotine	92-100	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
11811354-5	2001	Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors (flurbiprofen, ketoprofen and ketrolack) attenuated the nicotine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors at high concentrations (nimesulide and NS-389) slightly attenuated the contraction.	Nicotine	92-100	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	180-185
16888810-2	2007	To study these mechanisms, the present study focused on nicotine-mediated modulation of the extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway in cultured spinal cord neurons.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
16888810-3	2007	Exposure to nicotine (0.1-10 microM) for as short as 1 min markedly upregulated levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and increased total ERK1/2 activity.	Nicotine	12-20	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	105-111
11525435-6	2001	The hypothesis to be tested was that the combination of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could regulate HGF inflammatory mediator production.	Nicotine	56-64	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
16888810-3	2007	Exposure to nicotine (0.1-10 microM) for as short as 1 min markedly upregulated levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and increased total ERK1/2 activity.	Nicotine	12-20	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
16888810-5	2007	In addition, pre-exposure to U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signaling, prevented nicotine-mediated anti-apoptotic effects.	Nicotine	92-100	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
11525435-8	2001	HGF cell cultures were stimulated with 1 mM, 1 microM, or 1 nM nicotine +/- Escherichia coli or Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS.	Nicotine	63-71	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
16888810-6	2007	To indicate if treatment with nicotine also can activate ERK1/2 in vivo, a moderate spinal cord injury (SCI) was induced in rats using a weight-drop device and nicotine was injected 2 h post-trauma.	Nicotine	30-38	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
16888810-8	2007	Results of the present study indicate that the ERK1/2 pathway is involved in anti-apoptotic effects of nicotine in spinal cord neurons and may be involved in therapeutic effects of nicotine in spinal cord trauma.	Nicotine	103-111	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
16888810-8	2007	Results of the present study indicate that the ERK1/2 pathway is involved in anti-apoptotic effects of nicotine in spinal cord neurons and may be involved in therapeutic effects of nicotine in spinal cord trauma.	Nicotine	181-189	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
17164261-0	2007	Fine mapping of a linkage region on chromosome 17p13 reveals that GABARAP and DLG4 are associated with vulnerability to nicotine dependence in European-Americans.	Nicotine	120-128	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
8096628-6	1993	Nicotine, muscarine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide--reflecting cholinergic and non-cholinergic components of sympatho-adrenal transmission--each produced different patterns of multiple-site phosphorylation of TH.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	216-218
11377919-0	2001	Fluoxetine combined with a serotonin-1A receptor antagonist reversed reward deficits observed during nicotine and amphetamine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	101-109	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	27-48
17052838-0	2007	Nicotine withdrawal increases body weight, neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein expression in the hypothalamus and decreases uncoupling protein-3 expression in the brown adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	43-57
11522426-10	2001	These results suggest to us that NGF changes the expression of nAChR in a subtype-specific manner over the course of differentiation, and disproportionate subunit expressions might be related to the neuroprotective effect exerted by nicotine.	Nicotine	233-241	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
7870994-5	1993	A significant reduction in withdrawal latencies was obtained for CORT pretreated rats compared to animals given only nicotine.	Nicotine	117-125	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
17052838-3	2007	Nicotine withdrawal is accompanied by increased expression of the orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein in the hypothalamus, and decreased expression of the metabolic protein uncoupling protein-3 in brown adipose tissue.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	86-100
7870994-8	1993	Results also suggest that a conditioned release of endogenous CORT was triggered by stimuli associated with nicotine delivery.	Nicotine	108-116	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
17111196-0	2006	Nicotine upregulates the expression of P2Y12 on vascular cells and megakaryoblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	39-44
7870994-9	1993	These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a conditioned release of CORT could contribute to the development of tolerance to some of nicotine"s effects.	Nicotine	141-149	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
11316386-8	2001	However, current smokers believed that nicotine replacement would aid in a successful cessation attempt, while former smokers did not endorse the efficacy of these products.	Nicotine	39-47	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	66-69
17111196-4	2006	Since nicotine (NIC) has effects on platelet activation and vascular function, and because nicotinic and purinerigic receptors may interact, we determined whether nicotine altered P2Y12 expression.	Nicotine	163-171	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	180-185
1643259-1	1992	Recent studies in our laboratories have confirmed that a major unidentified metabolite of nicotine in smokers" urine was susceptible to enzymatic degradation by beta-glucuronidase to afford (S)-(-)-cotinine.	Nicotine	90-98	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	161-179
1347640-1	1992	The possibility that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) may facilitate the nicotine-mediated induction of adrenal medullary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was investigated with primary cultures (5-7 days in vitro) of bovine adrenal chromaffin (BAC) cells.	Nicotine	80-88	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	129-149
1347640-1	1992	The possibility that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) may facilitate the nicotine-mediated induction of adrenal medullary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was investigated with primary cultures (5-7 days in vitro) of bovine adrenal chromaffin (BAC) cells.	Nicotine	80-88	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	151-153
1347640-2	1992	Exposure of BAC cells to 100 microM nicotine led to only a marginal increase in the amount of TH mRNA, TH protein, and TH activity.	Nicotine	36-44	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	94-96
1347640-2	1992	Exposure of BAC cells to 100 microM nicotine led to only a marginal increase in the amount of TH mRNA, TH protein, and TH activity.	Nicotine	36-44	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	103-105
1347640-2	1992	Exposure of BAC cells to 100 microM nicotine led to only a marginal increase in the amount of TH mRNA, TH protein, and TH activity.	Nicotine	36-44	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	103-105
11288485-4	2001	The levels of DBI protein and its mRNA significantly increased in the brain derived from mice dependent on alcohol (ethanol), nicotine and morphine, and abrupt cessation of these drugs facilitated further increase in DBI expression.	Nicotine	126-134	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	14-17
11288485-5	2001	In the cases of nicotine- and morphine-dependent mice, concomitant administration of antagonists for nicotinic acetylcholine and opioid receptors, respectively, abolished the increase in DBI expression.	Nicotine	16-24	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	187-190
1347640-4	1992	Moreover, VIP together with nicotine, at concentrations that alone were devoid of effect, increased the amount of TH mRNA and TH activity.	Nicotine	28-36	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	114-116
17111196-7	2006	RESULTS: Nicotine, at concentrations of 0.1-1.0 microM, induced P2Y12 (but not P2Y2) expression in all the four cell lines.	Nicotine	9-17	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	64-69
1347640-4	1992	Moreover, VIP together with nicotine, at concentrations that alone were devoid of effect, increased the amount of TH mRNA and TH activity.	Nicotine	28-36	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	126-128
1347640-6	1992	The marginal effects of large doses of nicotine on both cAMP accumulation and TH induction were blocked completely by hexamethonium but were also partially inhibited by the VIP antagonist [p-chloro-D-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP.	Nicotine	39-47	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	78-80
11181818-1	2001	We have previously shown that systemic injection of (-)nicotine produces a selective up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 mRNA levels in rat striatum.	Nicotine	55-63	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-134
11181818-3	2001	We found that coinjection of dopaminergic D1 (SCH23390) or D2 (haloperidol) receptor antagonists prevents nicotine-induced elevation of FGF-2 expression.	Nicotine	106-114	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
1347640-7	1992	Nicotine may, therefore, stimulate the release of VIP from cultured BAC cells and VIP, in turn, by increasing cAMP, may synergize with nicotine to enhance TH gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	155-157
17111196-8	2006	HASMC exhibited the greatest induction with a sixfold mean increase in P2Y12 expression in response to 0.25 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	115-123	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	71-76
1347640-7	1992	Nicotine may, therefore, stimulate the release of VIP from cultured BAC cells and VIP, in turn, by increasing cAMP, may synergize with nicotine to enhance TH gene expression.	Nicotine	135-143	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	155-157
17111196-11	2006	CONCLUSION: Nicotine induces the expression of P2Y12 in vascular cells and megakaryoblasts, and is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	12-20	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	47-52
17111196-12	2006	Smokers exhibit higher platelet P2Y12, possibly mediated via nicotine.	Nicotine	61-69	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	32-37
17111196-16	2006	Nicotine, at concentrations of 0.1-1.0 microM, induced P2Y12 expression in all the four cell lines.	Nicotine	0-8	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	55-60
11032889-1	2000	Nicotine treatment increases intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i), stimulates catecholamine release, and elevates gene expression for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH).	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	188-208
17111196-17	2006	HASMC exhibited the greatest induction with a sixfold mean increase in P2Y12 expression in response to 0.25 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	115-123	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	71-76
11032889-1	2000	Nicotine treatment increases intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i), stimulates catecholamine release, and elevates gene expression for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH).	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	210-212
17108814-2	2006	We investigated the association between smoking behavior and genetic variations in the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2), which mediates nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	87-107
11032889-7	2000	These agonists were more effective than nicotine alone in increasing TH and DBH gene expression and significantly elevated [Ca(2+)](i) for up to 6 h. The increase in [Ca(2+)](i) or the elevation in TH mRNA by 3-CA was completely inhibited by alphaBTX.	Nicotine	40-48	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	69-71
11054772-2	2000	However, sequence variations in CHRNB2 have not been reported, and its role in influencing human smoking behavior and nicotine dependence is not known.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-38
17108814-2	2006	We investigated the association between smoking behavior and genetic variations in the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2), which mediates nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	109-113
17117792-2	2006	Nornicotine is produced through the oxidative N-demethylation of nicotine by a nicotine N-demethylase enzyme during the senescence and curing of tobacco leaves.	Nicotine	3-11	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	79-101
11256581-6	2000	Variants of the DRD2 gene have also been associated with cocaine, nicotine and opioid dependence, obesity and gambling.	Nicotine	66-74	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	16-20
10908734-3	2000	U-69593 (a kappa-opioid agonist: &gt;/=100 nM) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increase of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of catecholamine) enzyme activity and TH mRNA levels.	Nicotine	75-83	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	104-124
17122062-0	2006	The rewards of nicotine: regulation by tissue plasminogen activator-plasmin system through protease activated receptor-1.	Nicotine	15-23	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	39-67
10908734-3	2000	U-69593 (a kappa-opioid agonist: &gt;/=100 nM) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increase of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of catecholamine) enzyme activity and TH mRNA levels.	Nicotine	75-83	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	126-128
10908734-3	2000	U-69593 (a kappa-opioid agonist: &gt;/=100 nM) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increase of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of catecholamine) enzyme activity and TH mRNA levels.	Nicotine	75-83	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	207-209
10908734-7	2000	Moreover, U-69593 (&gt;/=100 nM) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increase of both the TH protein level and intracellular catecholamine levels.	Nicotine	61-69	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	99-101
12659167-3	2000	Pertussis toxin (PTX) treatment or the addition of BIBP 3226, a selective NPY Y1 receptor antagonist prevents the inhibitory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	135-143	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	74-77
12659167-4	2000	Fractionation of media obtained from cells stimulated with nicotine reveals an NPY-like substance that inhibits FSK-stimulated cAMP accumulation.	Nicotine	59-67	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	79-82
10799646-0	2000	Regional and cellular induction of nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1 in rat brain by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
10799646-0	2000	Regional and cellular induction of nicotine-metabolizing CYP2B1 in rat brain by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
17122062-4	2006	Here we show that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release by activating protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1).	Nicotine	82-90	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	22-50
10799646-1	2000	In the rat, nicotine is metabolized to cotinine primarily by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-94
17122062-4	2006	Here we show that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release by activating protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1).	Nicotine	82-90	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	52-55
17122062-5	2006	In vivo microdialysis revealed that microinjection of either tPA or plasmin into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) significantly potentiated whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 reduced the nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	189-197	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	61-64
10799646-4	2000	We hypothesized that nicotine induces its own metabolism in brain by increasing CYP2B1.	Nicotine	21-29	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-86
17122062-6	2006	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	61-64
17122062-6	2006	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	76-83
17122062-6	2006	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	76-79
10799646-9	2000	At 1.0 mg nicotine/kg, the largest increase in protein was in the brain stem (5.8-fold, P &lt; 0.05) with a corresponding increase in CYP2B1 mRNA (7.6-fold, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	10-18	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
17122062-6	2006	Nicotine-induced dopamine release was markedly diminished in tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice, and the defect of dopamine release in tPA-/- mice was restored by microinjection of either exogenous tPA or plasmin into the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	76-79
17122062-7	2006	Nicotine increased tPA protein levels and promoted the release of tPA into the extracellular space in the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	19-22
17122062-7	2006	Nicotine increased tPA protein levels and promoted the release of tPA into the extracellular space in the NAc.	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	66-69
10826111-4	2000	Abdominal human epidermis (HE), obtained from cadavers, and the CS provided identical permeation kinetics for nicotine, which can be described by Mt = 4M alpha (Dt/pi L2)1/2.	Nicotine	110-118	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-10 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	167-173
17122062-10	2006	Targeting the tPA-plasmin-PAR1 system would provide new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	99-107	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	14-17
10739749-3	2000	Nicotine suppressed Kir2.1-expressed currents at varying potentials negative to -20 mV, with more pronounced effects on the outward current between -70 and -20 mV relative to the inward current at hyperpolarized potentials (below -70 mV).	Nicotine	0-8	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	20-26
16896957-0	2006	C957T polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor gene modulates the effect of nicotine on working memory performance and cortical processing efficiency.	Nicotine	76-84	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	26-46
10771023-8	2000	Binding of nicotine or NNK to the alpha(7) receptor resulted in calcium influx and overexpression and activation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1.	Nicotine	11-19	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	152-157
16896957-2	2006	Studies examining the role of genetic variability in modulating individual response to nicotine in humans have increased, with recent work showing that genetic variation at the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) predicts response to pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence.	Nicotine	87-95	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	177-197
16896957-2	2006	Studies examining the role of genetic variability in modulating individual response to nicotine in humans have increased, with recent work showing that genetic variation at the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) predicts response to pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence.	Nicotine	87-95	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	199-203
16896957-3	2006	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a polymorphism of the DRD2 gene, C957T, that alters DRD2 binding availability in humans modifies the effects of nicotine on verbal working memory performance and on processing efficiency of brain regions that support verbal working memory.	Nicotine	145-153	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	55-59
16896957-3	2006	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a polymorphism of the DRD2 gene, C957T, that alters DRD2 binding availability in humans modifies the effects of nicotine on verbal working memory performance and on processing efficiency of brain regions that support verbal working memory.	Nicotine	145-153	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	85-89
16896957-7	2006	CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the notion that genetic variation in DRD2 contributes to individual variation in a range of behavioral and brain responses to nicotine in humans.	Nicotine	174-182	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	85-89
16707114-3	2006	Our results revealed that nicotine stimulated mRNA expression of APP in the amygdala (64%; P = 0.003) and hippocampus (32%; P = 0.034) and of APLP2 in the amygdala (39%; P = 0.002).	Nicotine	26-34	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	142-147
16707114-4	2006	These results were verified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR except that expression of APLP2 was also significantly upregulated by nicotine in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	131-139	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
16707114-5	2006	In addition, in vitro nicotine treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells resulted in a significant increase in expression of APP protein, soluble APP, and APLP2, whereas co-treatment with mecamylamine (an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) attenuated the stimulating effect of nicotine on APP and APLP2 expression.	Nicotine	22-30	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	154-159
16707114-5	2006	In addition, in vitro nicotine treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells resulted in a significant increase in expression of APP protein, soluble APP, and APLP2, whereas co-treatment with mecamylamine (an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) attenuated the stimulating effect of nicotine on APP and APLP2 expression.	Nicotine	22-30	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	310-315
17134658-0	2006	The interactive effect of alcohol and nicotine on NGF-treated pheochromocytoma cells.	Nicotine	38-46	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	10-18	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
16530419-3	2006	Immunoblot analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2 times/day) normalized the stress-induced decrease in the basal levels of BDNF, CaMKII (total and phosphorylated; P-CaMKII), and calmodulin.	Nicotine	40-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-209
16444287-6	2006	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor AOPCP produces a 72% inhibition in the release of adenosine from CB evoked by nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	4-24
16623839-4	2006	Here we show that in vivo nicotine exposure induces the enhancement of NR2B-containing NMDAR-mediated currents in the hippocampus, a brain region associated with the formation of memories.	Nicotine	26-34	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	71-75
16623839-5	2006	This nicotine effect is maintained during continued nicotine exposure and is accompanied by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B.	Nicotine	5-13	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	130-134
16623839-5	2006	This nicotine effect is maintained during continued nicotine exposure and is accompanied by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B.	Nicotine	52-60	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	130-134
16408261-9	2006	This study shows that nicotine has complex interactions with NGF and BDNF in D2-primed and control animals, and emphasizes the importance of gender differences when analyzing nicotine"s effects on neurotrophins.	Nicotine	22-30	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
16536909-7	2006	Moreover, we suggest that CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 are key players in the metabolism to cotinine of nicotine in rat LMECs using the respective enzyme inhibitors (tranylcypromine and troleandomycine).	Nicotine	94-102	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
1733730-0	1992	Nerve growth factor enhances [3H]nicotine binding to a nicotinic cholinergic receptor on PC 12 cells.	Nicotine	33-41	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
1733730-2	1992	We, therefore, studied PC 12 cells incubated in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) and determined that specific [3H]nicotine-binding sites were induced approximately 2.5-fold in the presence of NGF (50 or 100 ng/ml).	Nicotine	123-131	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-83
16314871-8	2006	We found nominally significant (P&lt;0.05) allelic and genotypic association with smoking initiation of SNP rs2072660 and multilocus haplotypes (P&lt;0.007-0.05) in CHRNB2 and nominal (P&lt;0.05) allelic or genotypic association of SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884), CHRNA9 (rs4861065) and CHRNB3 (rs9298629) with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	307-315	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-171
1733730-2	1992	We, therefore, studied PC 12 cells incubated in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) and determined that specific [3H]nicotine-binding sites were induced approximately 2.5-fold in the presence of NGF (50 or 100 ng/ml).	Nicotine	123-131	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
1733730-2	1992	We, therefore, studied PC 12 cells incubated in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) and determined that specific [3H]nicotine-binding sites were induced approximately 2.5-fold in the presence of NGF (50 or 100 ng/ml).	Nicotine	123-131	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	201-204
1733730-10	1992	This study represents the first biochemical characterization of NGF-stimulated nicotine-binding sites on PC 12 cells and confirms previous evidence of the presence of functional nicotinic cholinergic receptors on these cells.	Nicotine	79-87	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
16309716-0	2006	CYP2B6 is expressed in African Green monkey brain and is induced by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
1819921-6	1991	Depending on the DG4 and glaucine doses used, the pressor effects of noradrenaline (NA) and nicotine (NIC) were moderately to strongly suppressed or completely inhibited.	Nicotine	92-100	desmoglein 3	Homo sapiens	17-20
16309716-1	2006	CYP2B6 is a drug-metabolizing enzyme expressed in human tissues that can activate bupropion (a smoking cessation drug) and tobacco smoke nitrosamines and can inactivate drugs such as nicotine.	Nicotine	183-191	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16309716-3	2006	We investigated the basal expression and the effect of chronic nicotine treatment on CYP2B6 protein in African Green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) brain.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	85-91
1850066-1	1991	The expression of proenkephalin A (ProEnk A) mRNA and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA in response to nicotine and to a number of secretagogues was examined in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	120-128	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	54-92
16309716-7	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment induced CYP2B6 expression in specific cells such as astrocytes and neurons in the frontal cortex, caudate, thalamus and hippocampus.	Nicotine	8-16	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	35-41
16309716-10	2006	In conclusion, CYP2B6 protein is expressed in specific cells in monkey brain and is induced by chronic nicotine treatment which may impact central metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates such as bupropion and nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
16309716-10	2006	In conclusion, CYP2B6 protein is expressed in specific cells in monkey brain and is induced by chronic nicotine treatment which may impact central metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates such as bupropion and nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	161-167
16309716-10	2006	In conclusion, CYP2B6 protein is expressed in specific cells in monkey brain and is induced by chronic nicotine treatment which may impact central metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates such as bupropion and nicotine.	Nicotine	201-209	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
33236326-5	2021	Pre-exposure to nicotine for 2 weeks induced a significant increase of c-Fos and vasopressin receptor expression but a decrease of D3 dopaminergic and oxytocin receptor expression at 2 days of withdrawal.	Nicotine	16-24	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	71-76
10686080-0	2000	Nicotine attenuates arachidonic acid-induced overexpression of nitric oxide synthase in cultured spinal cord neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	63-84
10686080-9	2000	Pretreatment with nicotine decreased AA-induced overexpression of nNOS and elevation of nitrite levels.	Nicotine	18-26	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
16309716-10	2006	In conclusion, CYP2B6 protein is expressed in specific cells in monkey brain and is induced by chronic nicotine treatment which may impact central metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates such as bupropion and nicotine.	Nicotine	201-209	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	161-167
10686080-13	2000	In addition, nicotine can exert a neuroprotective effect by attenuation of AA-induced upregulation of nNOS metabolism.	Nicotine	13-21	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
11201307-7	2000	Quantitative results from this direct method were compared with those from an indirect method, which calculated the nicotine glucuronide in the biological sample from the amount of nicotine released following treatment of the sample with the deconjugating enzyme, beta-glucuronidase.	Nicotine	116-124	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	264-282
33236326-7	2021	Nicotine pre-exposed zebrafish submitted to MDMA-induced CPP showed an increase in expression of p35 at day 2, alpha4 at day 30, vasopressin at day 7 and D3 dopaminergic receptor at day 7, 30 and 60.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1b (p35)	Danio rerio	97-100
33801584-7	2021	In Mexican-Mestizo smokers, there are SNPs in genes that encode proteins responsible for the metabolism of nicotine associated with a lower risk of COPD; individuals with a high Caucasian component harboring a haplotype in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3 loci have a higher risk of suffering from COPD.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	234-240
33808531-6	2021	Importantly, K48-linked ubiquitination was verified to be necessary for nicotine-augmented endosomal recruitments of p97 and Sec61.	Nicotine	72-80	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	117-120
33808531-7	2021	Importantly, mannose receptor (MR), which is an important antigenic receptor for cross-presentation, was exactly catalyzed with K48-linked ubiquitination by the treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	176-184	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	13-29
16395295-0	2006	Significant association of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) haplotypes with nicotine dependence in male and female smokers of two ethnic populations.	Nicotine	79-87	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	27-55
33815131-5	2021	Nicotine upregulates the expression of ACE2, which can also increase susceptibility to COVID-19, aggravatiing the disease.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
10651151-6	2000	The inhibitory action of nociceptin on the electrically and nicotine-induced increase in blood pressure was attenuated by the ORL1 receptor antagonists naloxone benzoylhydrazone (5 micromol/kg) and/or [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]-nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (1 micromol/kg) but was not affected by naloxone 10 micromol/kg.	Nicotine	60-68	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
10716232-1	1999	The present experiments were designed to extend previous work showing that acute intermittent (-)nicotine treatment upregulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) mRNA in several rat brain regions, by the use of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist ABT-594 with preferential selectivity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	97-105	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-167
16395295-0	2006	Significant association of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) haplotypes with nicotine dependence in male and female smokers of two ethnic populations.	Nicotine	79-87	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	57-61
10716232-1	1999	The present experiments were designed to extend previous work showing that acute intermittent (-)nicotine treatment upregulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) mRNA in several rat brain regions, by the use of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist ABT-594 with preferential selectivity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	97-105	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
33802256-8	2021	ACE2 gene expression was significantly increased in cells exposed to the locally bought e-liquid condensate with high nicotine concentration and cigarette smoke extract compared with cell controls.	Nicotine	118-126	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
16395295-2	2006	Allelic variants within the COMT gene are therefore potential candidates for examining interindividual differences in vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	135-143	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	28-32
34890707-0	2022	Nicotine stimulates IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK/AP-1 axis in human gastric cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	67-71
16395295-8	2006	Further examination of two protective haplotypes, A-G-T in AAs and T-G-T in EAs, indicated that the low COMT enzyme activity Met allele is protective to become nicotine dependent.	Nicotine	160-168	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	104-108
34890707-10	2022	In this study, we found that nicotine induces IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-kappaB and ROS/MAPK (Erk1/2, p38)/AP-1 axis in gastric cancer cells, thus stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.	Nicotine	29-37	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	107-111
16485141-0	2006	Nicotine self-administration in mice is associated with rates of nicotine inactivation by CYP2A5.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	90-96
10605940-7	1999	The results suggest that NGF changes the expression of nAChR in a subtype-specific manner over the course of the differentiation, and the disproportionate subunit expressions might be related to the neuroprotective effect exerted by nicotine.	Nicotine	233-241	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
16485141-0	2006	Nicotine self-administration in mice is associated with rates of nicotine inactivation by CYP2A5.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	90-96
34551347-5	2022	Total distances were overall higher for female and for Tg rats exposed to nicotine-free CS.	Nicotine	74-82	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	88-90
16485141-1	2006	RATIONALE: Cyp2a5, the mouse homologue of human CYP2A6, encodes for the enzyme responsible for the primary metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	11-17
34551347-6	2022	Also, the total distance and both center field measures were overall higher for female rats in the control and nicotine-free CS-exposed groups.	Nicotine	111-119	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	125-127
34551347-8	2022	No genotype or sex-related differences were found for rats in the nicotine-free cigarette smoke (CS) and nicotine-containing CS exposed groups.	Nicotine	105-113	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	125-127
10803206-6	1999	The alpha 4 nAChR is associated mainly with the beta 2 subunit, and may form a component of the nicotinic pain pathways modulating the antinociceptive effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	4-11
16485141-3	2006	Different mouse strains self-administer different amounts of oral nicotine and quantitative trait loci analyses in mice suggested that Cyp2a5 may be involved in differential nicotine consumption behaviors.	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	135-141
34551347-10	2022	However, exposure to the non-nicotine components of CS resulted in locomotor activation in the presence of the HIV genes and was anxiogenic in WT and Tg male animals.	Nicotine	29-37	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	52-54
16485141-3	2006	Different mouse strains self-administer different amounts of oral nicotine and quantitative trait loci analyses in mice suggested that Cyp2a5 may be involved in differential nicotine consumption behaviors.	Nicotine	174-182	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	135-141
16485141-4	2006	OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine whether in vivo nicotine consumption levels were associated with CYP2A5 protein levels and in vitro nicotine metabolism in mice.	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	115-121
34979130-8	2022	C-shapes induced by nicotine (5 mM) were also reduced by meloxicam (10-100 microM), a NSAID; HC 030031 (1-10 microM), a TRPA1 antagonist; and pancuronium (10-100 microM), a neuromuscular blocker.	Nicotine	20-28	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
34979130-9	2022	Evidence that nicotine-induced C-shapes are reduced by antinociceptive drugs from different classes, and require opioid receptor and TRPA1 channel activation, suggest C-shape etiology involves a pain component.	Nicotine	14-22	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
10411229-1	1999	OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that nicotine not only activates uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but also induces UCP1 in white adipose tissue (WAT), which contributes to the mitigation of obesity in obese mice.	Nicotine	39-47	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	88-92
10411229-1	1999	OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that nicotine not only activates uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but also induces UCP1 in white adipose tissue (WAT), which contributes to the mitigation of obesity in obese mice.	Nicotine	39-47	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	142-146
10411229-4	1999	In mice treated with nicotine, the mRNA and protein of UCP1 was detected not only in BAT, but also in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal WATs.	Nicotine	21-29	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	55-59
10411229-6	1999	The fat pads of nicotine-treated mice contained many multilocular cells that were positive for UCP1.	Nicotine	16-24	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	95-99
10411229-7	1999	CONCLUSION: Nicotine not only activates UCP1 in BAT, but also induces UCP1 in WAT and decreases food intake, which contributes to the mitigation of obesity.	Nicotine	12-20	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	40-44
10411229-7	1999	CONCLUSION: Nicotine not only activates UCP1 in BAT, but also induces UCP1 in WAT and decreases food intake, which contributes to the mitigation of obesity.	Nicotine	12-20	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	70-74
10191312-5	1999	Like the competitive antagonist N,N,N-trimethyl-1-(4-trans-stilbenoxy)-2-propilammonium, CGRP induced a rightward, parallel shift of the nicotine dose-response curve; during co-application of these blockers the nicotine dose-ratio value was the sum of the values obtained with each antagonist alone.	Nicotine	137-145	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
10191312-5	1999	Like the competitive antagonist N,N,N-trimethyl-1-(4-trans-stilbenoxy)-2-propilammonium, CGRP induced a rightward, parallel shift of the nicotine dose-response curve; during co-application of these blockers the nicotine dose-ratio value was the sum of the values obtained with each antagonist alone.	Nicotine	211-219	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
10101239-9	1999	Increases in mRNA encoding full-length trkB were seen 8 h after nicotine, with nicotine also causing elevations in a mRNA encoding a truncated isoform (trkB.T2).	Nicotine	64-72	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
34563623-0	2021	Effects of particulate matter and nicotine for the MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells: Implication for Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	34-42	M-phase phosphoprotein 6	Homo sapiens	51-54
16485141-6	2006	RESULTS: We found that F2 male high-nicotine (n=8; 25.1+/-1.2 microg nicotine/day) consumers had more CYP2A5 protein, compared to low (n=11; 3.8+/-1.4 microg nicotine/day) consumers (10.2+/-1.0 vs 6.5+/-1.3 CYP2A5 units).	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	102-108
10101239-9	1999	Increases in mRNA encoding full-length trkB were seen 8 h after nicotine, with nicotine also causing elevations in a mRNA encoding a truncated isoform (trkB.T2).	Nicotine	79-87	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
16485141-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that among male F2 mice, increased nicotine self-administration is associated with increased rates of nicotine metabolism, most likely, as a result of greater CYP2A5 protein levels.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	193-199
16485141-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that among male F2 mice, increased nicotine self-administration is associated with increased rates of nicotine metabolism, most likely, as a result of greater CYP2A5 protein levels.	Nicotine	136-144	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	193-199
34358612-9	2021	Analysis of transcripts for proteins that are known to regulate acetylcholine levels revealed a decline in mRNA levels of high affinity choline transporters in the hippocampus of nicotine exposed mice but those of vesicular acetylcholine transporter, choline acetyltransferase, and alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were not altered.	Nicotine	179-187	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	251-276
16135656-0	2005	CYP2A6 AND CYP2B6 are involved in nornicotine formation from nicotine in humans: interindividual differences in these contributions.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	11-17
34981020-0	2021	Effect of Nicotine on STAT1 Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Rat Lungs.	Nicotine	10-18	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
34981020-4	2021	The following study investigated the effect of Nicotine on STAT1 pathway and oxidative stress in rat lung tissue.	Nicotine	47-55	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
34981020-8	2021	Nicotine cessation for 4 weeks caused a marked reduction in the expression of STAT1alpha protein, COX-2 and iNOS genes and oxidative stress.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
34981020-9	2021	Conclusion: Induction of STAT1 pathway and the increase in oxidative stress may be the mechanisms through which Nicotine may induce its harmful effects.	Nicotine	112-120	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
34171359-0	2021	Nicotine stimulates CYP1A1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AP-1, NF-kappaB, and AhR.	Nicotine	0-8	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	103-106
34171359-3	2021	Nicotine stimulated CYP1A1 expression via the transcription factors, activator protein 1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	122-147
34171359-3	2021	Nicotine stimulated CYP1A1 expression via the transcription factors, activator protein 1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	149-152
10597409-9	1999	Alternatively, DRD2 genotype may modulate the long-term impact of nicotine on neurocognitive functioning.	Nicotine	66-74	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	15-19
10466743-4	1999	PAMP (&gt; or =1 microM) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increases of TH- and DBH mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	53-61	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	83-85
16135656-10	2005	The nicotine N-demethylase activity at 100 microM nicotine was significantly correlated with the CYP2B6 contents (r = 0.677, p &lt; 0.05) and S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activities (r = 0.740, p &lt; 0.005).	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	97-103
34171359-4	2021	Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as RelA (or p65), mediated the upregulation of CYP1A1 of nicotine in HepG2 cells.	Nicotine	169-177	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	115-119
34171359-4	2021	Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as RelA (or p65), mediated the upregulation of CYP1A1 of nicotine in HepG2 cells.	Nicotine	169-177	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	124-127
34171359-7	2021	Thus, these results demonstrated that AhR played an important role in nicotine-induced CYP1A1 expression.	Nicotine	70-78	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	38-41
10503950-4	1999	We showed here that nicotine blocked multiple types of K+ currents, including the native currents in canine ventricular myocytes and the cloned channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes: A-type K+ currents (I(to)/Kv4.3), delayed rectifier K+ currents (I(Kr)/HERG) and inward rectifier K+ currents (I(K1)/Kir2.1).	Nicotine	20-28	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	300-306
9808692-12	1998	Unequivocal evidence that the receptor that modulates nicotine-stimulated [3H]-GABA release contains a beta2 subunit was obtained in a study using wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous beta2 null mutant mice.	Nicotine	54-62	histocompatibility 2, O region beta locus	Mus musculus	101-108
9694939-6	1998	Chronic nicotine treatment induces increases in numbers of human muscle-type nAChRs containing alpha-1, beta-1, gamma and delta subunits, a human ganglionic nAChR subtype containing alpha-3 and beta-4 subunits and a human ganglionic nAChR containing alpha-7 subunits in intracellular and (except for alpha-7 nAChRs) in cell surface pools.	Nicotine	8-16	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	194-200
16135656-11	2005	These results as well as the inhibition analyses suggested that CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 would significantly contribute to the nicotine N-demethylation at low and high substrate concentrations, respectively.	Nicotine	120-128	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
9694939-9	1998	Nicotine exposure more potently, more rapidly, and with nAChR-subtype specificity, induces two phases of losses in functional responsiveness of muscle-type nAChRs and alpha-3 beta-4 nAChRs, including a "persistent inactivation" that is distinct from classicly defined "desensitization."	Nicotine	0-8	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	175-181
16149045-5	2005	Nicotine administration (10(-6) M) stimulated cell cycle entry marked by increased DNA synthesis, PCNA and cyclin D1 production, and increased cell division.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	107-116
16192990-4	2005	The results indicated that Abeta(1-40), but not Abeta(40-1), blocked relaxation of endothelium-denuded basilar arterial rings induced by nicotine (100 micromol/L) and choline (1 mmol/L) without affecting that induced by sodium nitroprusside or isoproterenol.	Nicotine	137-145	succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit beta	Homo sapiens	27-32
9483557-0	1998	Acute intermittent nicotine treatment produces regional increases of basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA and protein in the tel- and diencephalon of the rat.	Nicotine	19-27	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-99
9483557-9	1998	The pre-treatment with the non-competitive (-)nicotine receptor antagonist mecamylamine blocked the (-)nicotine effects on fibroblast growth factor-2 messenger RNA levels.	Nicotine	46-54	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-149
9483557-11	1998	The present data indicate an ability of intermittent (-)nicotine to increase fibroblast growth factor-2 in many tel- and diencephalic areas.	Nicotine	56-64	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-103
16192990-5	2005	In cultured superior cervical ganglion (SCG) cells, Abeta(1-40), but not Abeta(40-1), blocked choline- and nicotine-induced calcium influx and inward currents.	Nicotine	107-115	succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit beta	Homo sapiens	52-57
9483557-12	1998	In view of the trophic function of fibroblast growth factor-2, the previously observed neuroprotective effects of (-)nicotine may at least in part involve an activation of the neuronal fibroblast growth factor-2 signalling, and open up new avenues for treatment of Parkinson"s disease and Alzheimer"s disease based on the existence of nicotinic receptor subtypes enhancing fibroblast growth factor-2 signalling in many regions of the tel- and diencephalon.	Nicotine	117-125	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-61
9483557-12	1998	In view of the trophic function of fibroblast growth factor-2, the previously observed neuroprotective effects of (-)nicotine may at least in part involve an activation of the neuronal fibroblast growth factor-2 signalling, and open up new avenues for treatment of Parkinson"s disease and Alzheimer"s disease based on the existence of nicotinic receptor subtypes enhancing fibroblast growth factor-2 signalling in many regions of the tel- and diencephalon.	Nicotine	117-125	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	185-211
16268995-5	2005	Our aim was to determine if nicotine disrupted Rac and its downstream signalling proteins, p21-activated kinase 1/2 (PAK1/2), and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2).	Nicotine	28-36	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2	Homo sapiens	91-115
9483557-12	1998	In view of the trophic function of fibroblast growth factor-2, the previously observed neuroprotective effects of (-)nicotine may at least in part involve an activation of the neuronal fibroblast growth factor-2 signalling, and open up new avenues for treatment of Parkinson"s disease and Alzheimer"s disease based on the existence of nicotinic receptor subtypes enhancing fibroblast growth factor-2 signalling in many regions of the tel- and diencephalon.	Nicotine	117-125	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	185-211
16268995-5	2005	Our aim was to determine if nicotine disrupted Rac and its downstream signalling proteins, p21-activated kinase 1/2 (PAK1/2), and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2).	Nicotine	28-36	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
16268995-11	2005	In addition, nicotine altered the activation patterns of Rac and PAK 1/2 and up-regulated p44/42 MAPK.	Nicotine	13-21	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-72
16268995-11	2005	In addition, nicotine altered the activation patterns of Rac and PAK 1/2 and up-regulated p44/42 MAPK.	Nicotine	13-21	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	90-93
9613098-6	1998	Furthermore, the DBI contents and its mRNA expressions were also increased in the cerebral cortex obtained from nicotine-dependent mice and the neurons after long-term treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	17-20
16268995-12	2005	CONCLUSION: Decreased cell migration in periodontal wounds exposed to nicotine may be mediated through the Rac and PAK1/2 signalling pathways.	Nicotine	70-78	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
9613098-6	1998	Furthermore, the DBI contents and its mRNA expressions were also increased in the cerebral cortex obtained from nicotine-dependent mice and the neurons after long-term treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	183-191	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	17-20
9613098-7	1998	The nicotine-induced increases in DBI content and its mRNA expression in the mouse cerebral cortex and the neurons were completely abolished in the presence of an antagonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	4-12	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	34-37
16049140-5	2005	Two days after LPS, Vc/C1 units had reduced responses to histamine, nicotine, and CO(2) gas applied to the ocular surface, whereas unit responses were increased 7 days after LPS.	Nicotine	68-76	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	20-25
9613098-8	1998	These results suggest that the changes in the levels of cerebral DBI induced by continuous treatments with alcohol and nicotine may be involved in the establishment of dependence by alcohol and nicotine, and such changes may be regulated by the benzodiazepine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively.	Nicotine	119-127	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	65-68
9613098-8	1998	These results suggest that the changes in the levels of cerebral DBI induced by continuous treatments with alcohol and nicotine may be involved in the establishment of dependence by alcohol and nicotine, and such changes may be regulated by the benzodiazepine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively.	Nicotine	194-202	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	65-68
9498485-10	1998	CONCLUSION: Variant alleles of the D2 dopamine receptor gene may play a role in determining nicotine addiction, although the associations between the at-risk genotypes and measures of nicotine addiction were not entirely consistent.	Nicotine	92-100	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	35-55
9498485-10	1998	CONCLUSION: Variant alleles of the D2 dopamine receptor gene may play a role in determining nicotine addiction, although the associations between the at-risk genotypes and measures of nicotine addiction were not entirely consistent.	Nicotine	184-192	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	35-55
9526067-8	1998	In contrast, after nicotine and ethanol, the ventral shell was the only accumbal subregion which showed a neuropeptide mRNA alteration, nicotine leading to decreased PPDYN mRNA and ethanol to increased PPT-A mRNA contents.	Nicotine	136-144	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
9458815-0	1998	Nicotine stimulates branching and expression of SP-A and SP-C mRNAs in embryonic mouse lung culture.	Nicotine	0-8	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	48-52
15988470-0	2005	Association of DNA polymorphisms in the synaptic vesicular amine transporter gene (SLC18A2) with alcohol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	109-117	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	83-90
15988470-2	2005	We have analyzed seven DNA polymorphisms located in the genomic region of SLC18A2 for association with alcohol- and nicotine dependence, using a family-based design.	Nicotine	116-124	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	74-81
9396226-0	1997	[Effect of nicotine-administration on tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neuron in the rat forebrain; immunohistochemical study with semiquantitative morphometric analysis].	Nicotine	11-19	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	38-58
9396226-3	1997	We studied the effects of nicotine-administration (5 mg/kg x 2/day, 7 days) on immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, in the rat forebrain including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus to investigate the influence on catecholaminergic neurons.	Nicotine	26-34	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	100-120
16288530-0	2005	Regioselective C-2 and C-6 substitution of (S)-nicotine and nicotine derivatives.	Nicotine	43-55	complement C6	Homo sapiens	23-26
9396226-3	1997	We studied the effects of nicotine-administration (5 mg/kg x 2/day, 7 days) on immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, in the rat forebrain including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus to investigate the influence on catecholaminergic neurons.	Nicotine	26-34	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	122-124
9396226-4	1997	In the nicotine-administration group, both the number and intensity of TH-immunoreactive fibers and terminals increased in the fronto-parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in comparison with those of the control group, and a significant difference was demonstrated by computer assisted morphometric analysis.	Nicotine	7-15	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	71-73
9372532-0	1997	Nicotine withdrawal leads to increased sensitivity of serotonergic neurons to the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT.	Nicotine	0-8	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	82-88
9266775-6	1997	Pretreatment with the 5-HT-1A agonists (+)8-OH-DPAT (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) and LY274600 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) either had no affect or exacerbated the nicotine-withdrawal-enhanced startle response.	Nicotine	139-147	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	22-29
9266775-7	1997	Pretreatment with the 5-HT-1A antagonists NAN-190 (1-3 mg/kg), LY206130 (1-10 mg/kg), or WAY-100635 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) blocked the increase in the startle response caused by nicotine withdrawal at doses that had no effect on baseline startle responses.	Nicotine	171-179	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	22-29
9266775-8	1997	These data indicate that 5-HT-1A receptors play a role in the neurophysiology of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	81-89	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	25-32
9230252-0	1997	A double-blind randomized trial of nicotine nasal spray as an aid in smoking cessation.	Nicotine	35-43	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	62-65
9266496-0	1997	Prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1 concentrations in nicotine-exposed oral keratinocyte cultures.	Nicotine	53-61	pathogenesis-related protein R minor form	Nicotiana tabacum	14-34
9197282-0	1997	Nicotine regulates mRNA level of tyrosine hydroxylase gene but not that of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	33-53
9076656-6	1997	Mouse FMO1 expressed in yeast showed activities of thiobenzamide S-oxidation, and NADPH oxidation associated with the S- or N-oxidation of chlorpromazine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethyl-hydrazine, imipramine, nicotine, thioacetamide, thiourea and trimethylamine.	Nicotine	212-220	flavin containing monooxygenase 1	Mus musculus	6-10
8923511-0	1996	Nicotine enhances morphine- and beta-endorphin-induced antinociception at the supraspinal level in the mouse.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	32-46
8923511-7	1996	The degree of enhancing effect of nicotine toward beta-endorphin-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response was greater than toward morphine-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response.	Nicotine	34-42	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	50-64
34750790-0	2021	Association of Nicotine Use Disorder with Neurexin 3 Gene Polymorphisms.	Nicotine	15-23	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	42-52
34750790-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the Neurexin 3 gene (NRXN3) polymorphisms in the rs 221473, rs 221497, rs1004212 and rs11624704 regions in relation to nicotine use disorder (NUD) in the Turkish population.	Nicotine	169-177	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	54-64
34750790-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the Neurexin 3 gene (NRXN3) polymorphisms in the rs 221473, rs 221497, rs1004212 and rs11624704 regions in relation to nicotine use disorder (NUD) in the Turkish population.	Nicotine	169-177	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	71-76
34750790-9	2021	CONCLUSION: This is first study investigating the relationship of the NRXN3 gene and nicotine addiction in the Turkish population.	Nicotine	85-93	neurexin 3	Homo sapiens	70-75
34413168-5	2021	Cytotoxic drugs, crude tobacco products, benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine, and multiple other toxic compounds were shown to exhibit rapid PD-L1/PD-1 upregulation.	Nicotine	57-65	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
34302119-0	2021	Correction: Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	68-76	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
34273166-7	2021	In vitro, nicotine induced human primary VSMC calcification, increased osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, Osx, BSP and OPN), and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion.	Nicotine	10-18	Sp7 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	106-109
34820636-5	2021	Data also indicate that chronic nicotine application to alpha5 SNP mice relieves the hypofrontality.	Nicotine	32-40	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	56-62
34820636-10	2021	We demonstrate how nicotine-induced desensitization and upregulation of the beta2 nAChRs located on SOM interneurons, as opposed to the activation of alpha5 nAChRs located on VIP interneurons, is sufficient to explain the nicotine-induced activity normalization in alpha5 SNP mice.	Nicotine	19-27	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	265-271
34820636-10	2021	We demonstrate how nicotine-induced desensitization and upregulation of the beta2 nAChRs located on SOM interneurons, as opposed to the activation of alpha5 nAChRs located on VIP interneurons, is sufficient to explain the nicotine-induced activity normalization in alpha5 SNP mice.	Nicotine	222-230	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	150-156
34820636-10	2021	We demonstrate how nicotine-induced desensitization and upregulation of the beta2 nAChRs located on SOM interneurons, as opposed to the activation of alpha5 nAChRs located on VIP interneurons, is sufficient to explain the nicotine-induced activity normalization in alpha5 SNP mice.	Nicotine	222-230	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	265-271
34211091-9	2021	Quantitative analysis showed increased smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups.	Nicotine	150-158	Kruppel like factor 4	Sus scrofa	114-135
34211091-9	2021	Quantitative analysis showed increased smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups.	Nicotine	150-158	Kruppel like factor 4	Sus scrofa	137-141
34245815-0	2021	Snail/HDAC1/2 mediate skeletal growth retardation in fetuses caused by prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	80-88	histone deacetylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
34245815-4	2021	The present study demonstrated that in male offspring of the PNE group (the pregnant rats were subcutaneously administered nicotine 1.0 mg/kg twice per day (2.0 mg/kg.d) at GD11-20), the cartilage matrix of the fetal growth plate was lightly stained, the collagen was reduced, and expression of the matrix phenotype genes, ACAN and Col2A1, was significantly decreased.	Nicotine	123-131	aggrecan	Rattus norvegicus	323-327
34245815-7	2021	In vitro, the nicotine treatment at different concentrations elevated the expression of Snail/HDAC1/2 while decreasing the H3K9/H3K14 levels in the ACAN and Col2A1 promoter regions.	Nicotine	14-22	histone deacetylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-101
34245815-7	2021	In vitro, the nicotine treatment at different concentrations elevated the expression of Snail/HDAC1/2 while decreasing the H3K9/H3K14 levels in the ACAN and Col2A1 promoter regions.	Nicotine	14-22	aggrecan	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
34245815-8	2021	Snail-siRNA transfection partially abolished the nicotine-induced increase in HDAC1/2 expression and decreased the histone acetylation levels in the ACAN and Col2A1 promoter regions.	Nicotine	49-57	histone deacetylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-85
34245815-8	2021	Snail-siRNA transfection partially abolished the nicotine-induced increase in HDAC1/2 expression and decreased the histone acetylation levels in the ACAN and Col2A1 promoter regions.	Nicotine	49-57	aggrecan	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
34206324-1	2021	The gene cluster region, CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4, encoding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, contains several genetic variants linked to nicotine addiction and brain disorders.	Nicotine	155-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-31
34234676-5	2021	Finally, we performed Western Blot experiments in an attempt to identify the levels of the amylin receptor components CTRa, CTRb, and RAMP1 in reward-related areas of mice responding differently to repeated injections of sCT and nicotine in the locomotor sensitisation test.	Nicotine	229-237	receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying protein 1	Mus musculus	134-139
34234676-8	2021	Lastly, sCT-nicotine treated mice from the locomotor sensitisation experiment displayed higher levels of total CTR, i.e. CTRa and CTRb together, in the reward-processing laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) of the brain compared to mice treated with vehicle-nicotine.	Nicotine	12-20	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	111-114
34234676-9	2021	Overall, the present data reveal that activation of CTR or/and amylin receptors attenuates certain nicotine-induced behaviours in male mice, further contributing to the understanding of appetite-regulatory peptides in reward regulation.	Nicotine	99-107	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	52-55
35059736-12	2022	Furthermore, nicotine exposure increased the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and gasdermin D in 16HBE cells.	Nicotine	13-21	gasdermin D	Homo sapiens	145-156
35163704-5	2022	Stimulation-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) production of iTreg cells was suppressed by nicotine, whereas interleukin (IL)-10 production and proliferation was not affected.	Nicotine	109-117	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	20-52
35163704-5	2022	Stimulation-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) production of iTreg cells was suppressed by nicotine, whereas interleukin (IL)-10 production and proliferation was not affected.	Nicotine	109-117	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	54-63
35111269-0	2022	The Natural Compound Dehydrocrenatidine Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating a7nAChR-Jak2 Signaling Pathways.	Nicotine	51-59	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	165-169
35111269-8	2022	Result: We found that nicotine exposure stimulated the HCC tumorigenicity by inducing the expression of one of the key nAChRs subunit that is alpha7nAChR as well as the expression of Janus kinase (JAK)-2.	Nicotine	22-30	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	183-203
35111269-13	2022	Thus, these findings suggest the nicotine effect on HCC progression via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2 signaling pathways, and DHCT treatment enhances the therapeutic potential of HCC patients via overcoming/reversing the effect of nicotine in HCC patients.	Nicotine	33-41	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
35163155-0	2022	Increased Risky Choice and Reduced CHRNB2 Expression in Adult Male Rats Exposed to Nicotine Vapor.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
35163155-7	2022	Analyses of gene expression identified significant reductions in CHRNB2 and DRD1 in the nucleus accumbens core and CHRNB2 and DRD2 in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats previously exposed to nicotine vapor, relative to vehicle controls.	Nicotine	193-201	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
35163155-7	2022	Analyses of gene expression identified significant reductions in CHRNB2 and DRD1 in the nucleus accumbens core and CHRNB2 and DRD2 in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats previously exposed to nicotine vapor, relative to vehicle controls.	Nicotine	193-201	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
35013841-4	2022	Here, we show that the PDZ-LIM domain family protein PDLIM5 binds to alpha7nAChRs and plays a role in nicotine-induced alpha7nAChRs upregulation and surface expression.	Nicotine	102-110	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Homo sapiens	53-59
35013841-5	2022	We find that chronic exposure to 1 muM nicotine upregulated alpha7, beta2-contained nAChRs and PDLIM5 in cultured hippocampal neurons, and the upregulation of alpha7nAChRs and PDLIM5 is increased more on the cell membrane than the cytoplasm.	Nicotine	39-47	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Homo sapiens	95-101
35013841-5	2022	We find that chronic exposure to 1 muM nicotine upregulated alpha7, beta2-contained nAChRs and PDLIM5 in cultured hippocampal neurons, and the upregulation of alpha7nAChRs and PDLIM5 is increased more on the cell membrane than the cytoplasm.	Nicotine	39-47	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Homo sapiens	176-182
35013841-10	2022	Proteomics analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results show that PDLIM5 interacts with alpha7nAChRs through the PDZ domain, and the interaction between PDLIM5 and alpha7nAChRs can be promoted by nicotine.	Nicotine	211-219	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Homo sapiens	81-87
35013841-10	2022	Proteomics analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results show that PDLIM5 interacts with alpha7nAChRs through the PDZ domain, and the interaction between PDLIM5 and alpha7nAChRs can be promoted by nicotine.	Nicotine	211-219	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Homo sapiens	168-174
35054856-8	2022	Nicotine and caffeine have similar structures to antiviral drugs, capable of binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) epitopes that are recognized by SARS-CoV-2, with the potential to inhibit the formation of the ACE 2/SARS-CoV-2 complex.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	85-116
35054856-8	2022	Nicotine and caffeine have similar structures to antiviral drugs, capable of binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) epitopes that are recognized by SARS-CoV-2, with the potential to inhibit the formation of the ACE 2/SARS-CoV-2 complex.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
35054856-8	2022	Nicotine and caffeine have similar structures to antiviral drugs, capable of binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) epitopes that are recognized by SARS-CoV-2, with the potential to inhibit the formation of the ACE 2/SARS-CoV-2 complex.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	220-225
34997096-7	2022	Furthermore, nicotine suppressed CCL21-induced bone marrow-derived pDC migration due to Rac 1 inactivation, which was reversed by methyllycaconitine, a JAK2 inhibitor AG490 or caspase-3 inhibitor AZ-10417808.	Nicotine	13-21	Rac family small GTPase 1	Mus musculus	88-93
35001795-13	2022	Nicotine upregulated the expression of TH, downregulated the expression of alpha-synuclein and GFAP.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	39-41
35382644-8	2022	Our data showed that the CS (nicotine concentration at 0.125 mug/mL could decrease the viability of HUVECs by 71%, but not the four kinds of ECA.	Nicotine	29-37	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	25-27
8848122-0	1996	Chronic continuous infusion of (-)nicotine reduces basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA levels in the ventral midbrain of the intact but not of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat.	Nicotine	34-42	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-81
8848122-5	1996	Therefore, it is of interest to explore a possible effect of nicotine on basic fibroblast growth factor expression in the ventral midbrain of intact and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and how treatment with nicotine can alter the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced injury of the nigral dopamine nerve cells as evaluated by dopamine biochemistry.	Nicotine	61-69	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-103
8848122-6	1996	In the present paper, an analysis of the effects of chronic continuous infusion of (-)nicotine via minipumps was carried out on basic fibroblast growth factor expression in the vental midbrain of the intact male rat and of the 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat.	Nicotine	86-94	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-158
8848122-8	1996	Our findings give evidence that a two-week continuous infusion with (-)nicotine in the intact rat leads to substantial and dose-related (0.03-0.3 mg/kg per h) reductions of basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA levels in the ventral midbrain.	Nicotine	71-79	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	173-203
8848122-13	1996	Thus, chronic continuous (-)nicotine treatment may lead to a reduced basic fibroblast growth factor trophic tone in the ventral midbrain of the intact but not of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat neither on the lesioned nor on the unlesioned side of the ventral midbrain.	Nicotine	28-36	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-99
8848122-14	1996	It seems possible that chronic nicotine treatment mainly reduces basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA levels of neuronal origin, since the astroglial messenger RNA levels dominate after the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions.	Nicotine	31-39	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-95
8563721-5	1995	The inhibition by nicotine of PRL promoter activity was not blocked by hexamethonium, suggesting that this effect of nicotine may be mediated by a novel type of nicotine receptor previously described in frog pituitary cells.	Nicotine	18-26	prolactin	Canis lupus familiaris	30-33
8563721-5	1995	The inhibition by nicotine of PRL promoter activity was not blocked by hexamethonium, suggesting that this effect of nicotine may be mediated by a novel type of nicotine receptor previously described in frog pituitary cells.	Nicotine	117-125	prolactin	Canis lupus familiaris	30-33
7746934-0	1995	[Nicotine substitution as an aid in smoking cessation.	Nicotine	1-9	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	29-32
16288530-0	2005	Regioselective C-2 and C-6 substitution of (S)-nicotine and nicotine derivatives.	Nicotine	47-55	complement C6	Homo sapiens	23-26
16288530-1	2005	[reaction: see text] Regioselective deprotonations of (S)-nicotine and derivatives at the C-2 and C-6 positions of the pyridine ring were performed in good to excellent yields.	Nicotine	54-66	complement C6	Homo sapiens	98-101
8405097-5	1993	A 2 h pulse of nicotine (10(-5) M) increased phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity with a lag period of at least 18 h, while combination treatment of nicotine and cortisol (10(-4) M) produced significantly higher increases in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase compared to either treatment alone.	Nicotine	15-23	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	45-83
35017179-5	2022	High-affinity nAChRs can incorporate additional subunits, including beta3, alpha6, or alpha5 subunits, with the resulting nAChR subtypes playing discrete and dissociable roles in the stimulatory actions of nicotine on brain dopamine transmission.	Nicotine	206-214	uncharacterized protein LOC107802668	Nicotiana tabacum	68-92
8405097-5	1993	A 2 h pulse of nicotine (10(-5) M) increased phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity with a lag period of at least 18 h, while combination treatment of nicotine and cortisol (10(-4) M) produced significantly higher increases in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase compared to either treatment alone.	Nicotine	15-23	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	236-274
35017179-7	2022	nAChRs containing alpha3 and beta4 subunits are responsible for the low-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain and are enriched in brain sites involved in aversion, including the medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract, brain sites in which alpha5 nAChR subunits are also expressed.	Nicotine	81-89	uncharacterized protein LOC107802668	Nicotiana tabacum	18-34
16051920-0	2005	Activation of p-ERK1/2 by nicotine in pancreatic tumor cell line AR42J: effects on proliferation and secretion.	Nicotine	26-34	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	16-22
8405097-6	1993	Therefore, this study provides novel in vitro evidence for the regulation of adrenomedullary phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity, following a necessary lag period, by acute changes in both cortisol and nicotine.	Nicotine	214-222	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	93-131
16051920-1	2005	The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of nicotine on MAPK signaling and on the proliferation of AR42J cells as well as to assess the relationship between MAPK activation and exocrine secretion in these cells.	Nicotine	68-76	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
8366415-2	1993	This study examined the effect of nicotine, a major component of the particulate phase of tobacco smoke, on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) reproduction and attachment to tissue culture surfaces.	Nicotine	34-42	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	135-138
8366415-6	1993	The effect of continuous nicotine exposure on HGF reproduction was determined by incubating cell cultures and media containing nicotine for up to 48 hours.	Nicotine	25-33	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
8366415-6	1993	The effect of continuous nicotine exposure on HGF reproduction was determined by incubating cell cultures and media containing nicotine for up to 48 hours.	Nicotine	127-135	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
8366415-9	1993	Results showed an enhanced effect of nicotine on HGF attachment, with increasing numbers of cells attaching with increasing nicotine concentrations, compared to the control.	Nicotine	37-45	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
8366415-9	1993	Results showed an enhanced effect of nicotine on HGF attachment, with increasing numbers of cells attaching with increasing nicotine concentrations, compared to the control.	Nicotine	124-132	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
2498163-5	1989	Our results indicate that membrane depolarization, induced either by potassium chloride or by the neurotransmitter analog nicotine, activates a program of gene expression distinct from that activated by nerve growth factor or epidermal growth factor.	Nicotine	122-130	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	203-222
2501891-1	1989	The effects of nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, were evaluated on the secretion of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.	Nicotine	15-23	serpin family E member 1	Bos taurus	159-162
16051920-2	2005	AR42J cells were incubated with nicotine and analyzed for the activation of MAPK by Western blot analysis using their respective antibodies and confirmed by immunohistochemistry.	Nicotine	32-40	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
2501470-6	1989	Nicotine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) produced an increase in DOPA concentrations under DOPA decarboxylase inhibition with NSD-1015 (200 mg/kg, i.p.)	Nicotine	0-8	dopa decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	75-93
8384995-5	1993	It is also found that PACAP stimulates the production of inositol phosphates in a dose-dependent manner, which is not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+ unlike the case of nicotine.	Nicotine	180-188	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
16051920-4	2005	Nicotine at a dose of 100 microM induced phospho-ERK1/2 activation maximally in 3 min compared with untreated cells.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
16051920-5	2005	Furthermore, immunofluorescence study confirmed the nicotine-induced increase in translocation of phospho-ERK1/2 to the nucleus.	Nicotine	52-60	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
16051920-10	2005	We conclude that nicotine treatment induced activation of ERK1/2 and increased the proliferation of AR42J cells.	Nicotine	17-25	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
16051920-11	2005	The data further indicate that MAPK signaling by nicotine is independent of the secretory response.	Nicotine	49-57	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
16324736-7	2005	With shorter nicotine infusion (8 mg/kg/day, 7 days), TH mRNA in AM was not induced by restraint stress on one (1x) or two (2x) consecutive days nor was DBH mRNA in AM or LC by 2x.	Nicotine	13-21	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	54-56
1400333-5	1992	Handling of rats for several days prior to sacrifice failed to affect protein expression or binding; on the other hand, repeated injections of nicotine increased AP-1 DNA binding.	Nicotine	143-151	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
1400333-6	1992	A single nicotine injection 60 min prior to removing the adrenals caused a significant reduction in AP-1 DNA binding without any detectable changes in AP-1 protein expression.	Nicotine	9-17	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
2900731-3	1988	The addition of SKF 525-A, cytochrome c, or n-octylamine inhibited both (S)-nicotine metabolism and covalent binding whereas phenobarbital pretreatment increased the rates of metabolism and covalent binding.	Nicotine	72-84	cytochrome c	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-39
2900731-4	1988	Sodium cyanide, which forms stable adducts with the cytochrome P-450-generated iminium ion metabolites of (S)-nicotine and a variety of other tertiary amines, inhibited covalent binding but also decreased the rate of (S)-nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	106-118	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-68
2900731-4	1988	Sodium cyanide, which forms stable adducts with the cytochrome P-450-generated iminium ion metabolites of (S)-nicotine and a variety of other tertiary amines, inhibited covalent binding but also decreased the rate of (S)-nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	217-229	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-68
2898270-2	1988	Chlorisondamine, a ganglionic blocking agent, greatly attenuated the induction of TH mRNA levels caused by cold exposure, whereas carbachol and nicotine, cholinergic agonists, increased TH mRNA in control animals.	Nicotine	144-152	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	186-188
1424089-0	1992	Effect of cocaine, ethanol or nicotine on ornithine decarboxylase activity in early chick embryo brain.	Nicotine	30-38	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	42-65
1424089-5	1992	Using early (76-168 h) chick embryos as a non-placental model, and three common drugs of abuse (nicotine, ethanol and cocaine) it was found that each drug suppressed the peak in fetal brain ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity that normally occurs at 120 h of development.	Nicotine	96-104	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	190-213
16219424-6	2005	Treatment with either Y27632 (1 microM) or C3 toxin (10 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increase of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and the corresponding enzyme activity.	Nicotine	95-103	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	124-144
16219424-6	2005	Treatment with either Y27632 (1 microM) or C3 toxin (10 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increase of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and the corresponding enzyme activity.	Nicotine	95-103	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	146-148
1412511-0	1992	Benzo[a]pyrene and nicotine impair epidermal growth factor mediated cellular functions of buccal mucosa.	Nicotine	19-27	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-58
16219424-8	2005	Y27632 significantly inhibited nicotine-induced phosphorylation of TH at Ser40 as well as Ser19, which are known to be phosphorylated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase II.	Nicotine	31-39	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	67-69
3346832-0	1988	Neuropeptide Y inhibits the nicotine-mediated release of catecholamines from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	28-36	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	0-14
3346832-2	1988	NPY produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of nicotine-stimulated norepinephrine and epinephrine release from bovine chromaffin cells with IC50 (concentration of NPY which inhibits 50% of maximum release of catecholamines) values of 1.8 x 10(-9) M and 1.7 x 10(-9) M, respectively.	Nicotine	53-61	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	0-3
16219424-9	2005	Furthermore, Y27632 (10 microM) as well as C3 toxin (10 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increase of TH at the protein level.	Nicotine	95-103	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	124-126
3346832-2	1988	NPY produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of nicotine-stimulated norepinephrine and epinephrine release from bovine chromaffin cells with IC50 (concentration of NPY which inhibits 50% of maximum release of catecholamines) values of 1.8 x 10(-9) M and 1.7 x 10(-9) M, respectively.	Nicotine	53-61	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	169-172
16335059-0	2005	Effects of nicotine and vitamin E on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in some rat tissues in vivo and in vitro.	Nicotine	11-19	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	37-70
1353443-17	1992	4) The NGF-mediated differentiation of PC12 cells into sympathetic neurons exerted a stimulatory effect on basal, nicotine-induced, and depolarization-dependent dynorphin secretion.	Nicotine	114-122	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
1593244-1	1992	The purpose of this study was to determine the contact sensitization potential of one nicotine transdermal system (Nicoderm, Marion Merrell Dow Inc, Kansas City, Mo, and ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif) in a population who were allowed to continue smoking.	Nicotine	86-94	CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 8	Homo sapiens	199-204
2822051-0	1987	Mouse brain ATPase activities after chronic nicotine infusion.	Nicotine	44-52	dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8	Mus musculus	12-18
16335059-1	2005	Effects of nicotine, and nicotine + vitamin E on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD) activity in rat muscle, heart, lungs, testicle, kidney, stomach, brain and liver were investigated in vivo and in vitro on partially purified homogenates.	Nicotine	25-33	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
3714724-5	1986	Levels of LDL precursors, very low density (VLDL) and intermediate density (IDL) lipoproteins, were also lower in nicotine-treated primates while total postheparin lipase (LPL + HTGL) activity was significantly elevated.	Nicotine	114-122	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	178-182
16335059-3	2005	The results showed that nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, ip) inhibited G-6PD activity in the lungs, testicle, kidney, stomach and brain by 12.5% (p &lt; 0.001), 48% (p &lt; 0.001), 20.8% (p &lt; 0.001), 13% (p &lt; 0.001) and 23.35% (p &lt; 0.001) respectively, and nicotine had no effects on the muscle, heart and liver G6PD activity.	Nicotine	24-32	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
1763113-0	1991	Effect of a single dose of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on oxotremorine- and nicotine-induced hypothermia in mice.	Nicotine	82-90	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	30-50
16335059-4	2005	Also, nicotine + vitamin E inhibited G-6PD activity in the testicle, brain, and liver by 32.5% (p &lt; 0.001), 21.5% (p &lt; 0.001), and 16.5% (p &lt; 0.001) respectively, and nicotine + vitamin E activated the muscle, and stomach G-6PD activity by 36% (p &lt; 0.05), and 20% (p &lt; 0.001) respectively.	Nicotine	6-14	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
16335059-4	2005	Also, nicotine + vitamin E inhibited G-6PD activity in the testicle, brain, and liver by 32.5% (p &lt; 0.001), 21.5% (p &lt; 0.001), and 16.5% (p &lt; 0.001) respectively, and nicotine + vitamin E activated the muscle, and stomach G-6PD activity by 36% (p &lt; 0.05), and 20% (p &lt; 0.001) respectively.	Nicotine	6-14	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	231-236
16177026-3	2005	Here, we report that inhibition of MAO dramatically and specifically increases the motivation to self-administer nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	113-121	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
1680658-0	1991	Metabolism of nicotine by rat liver cytochromes P-450.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	48-53
1680658-3	1991	The cytochromes P-450 have long been implicated in the first step in the conversion of nicotine to nicotine delta 1"(5")-iminium ion.	Nicotine	87-95	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	16-21
2433708-0	1986	Studies on the possible role of brain 5-HT systems and adrenocortical activity in behavioural responses to nicotine and diazepam in an elevated X-maze.	Nicotine	107-115	POU class 6 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	32-39
1680658-5	1991	A constitutive form of P-450 is also implicated in nicotine metabolism, while purified P-450IA1 and P-450IIC6 show no detectable activity.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	23-28
16177026-5	2005	The results suggest that the inhibition of MAO activity by compounds present in tobacco smoke may combine with nicotine to produce the intense reinforcing properties of cigarette smoking that lead to addiction.	Nicotine	111-119	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
1680658-8	1991	Our results support the notion that nicotine metabolism to cotinine by P-450 enzymes is highly species dependent.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	71-76
15695071-3	2005	Nicotine induced increase of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission in limbic structures may alter the expression of VMAT2 in brains of smokers.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	119-124
1680658-9	1991	Thus, it is unwise in some cases to extrapolate results obtained by animal model study to the possible role of specific forms of the P-450 enzymes in nicotine metabolism in humans.	Nicotine	150-158	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	133-138
1970506-4	1990	The kinetics of increases produced by nicotine were different for the 3 mRNAs, with pEK and TH showing enhanced levels over 48 h incubation, while PNMT showed increase during the initial 18 h (+90%) followed by decline to control levels at 48 h. 8-Br cAMP and forskolin elicited a similar pattern of changes as nicotine, suggesting that cyclic AMP may be involved in the mediation of the nicotinic effects.	Nicotine	38-46	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	92-94
1970506-4	1990	The kinetics of increases produced by nicotine were different for the 3 mRNAs, with pEK and TH showing enhanced levels over 48 h incubation, while PNMT showed increase during the initial 18 h (+90%) followed by decline to control levels at 48 h. 8-Br cAMP and forskolin elicited a similar pattern of changes as nicotine, suggesting that cyclic AMP may be involved in the mediation of the nicotinic effects.	Nicotine	38-46	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	147-151
2412241-0	1985	Biphasic effects of chronic nicotine treatment on hypothalamic immunoreactive beta-endorphin in the mouse.	Nicotine	28-36	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	78-92
2412241-2	1985	Hypothalamic beta-E returned towards normal levels within 7 days and was observed to rise 50% above normal 14 days after the cessation of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	138-146	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	13-19
2987434-0	1985	Nerve growth factor treatment enhances nicotine-stimulated dopamine release and increases in cyclic adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate levels in PC12 cell cultures.	Nicotine	39-47	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
2987434-4	1985	Cultures treated for 6 days or longer with 2 X 10(-9) M nerve growth factor (NGF) release a 3- to 4-fold greater amount of dopamine than do control cultures in response to a maximal concentration of nicotine.	Nicotine	199-207	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-75
2987434-4	1985	Cultures treated for 6 days or longer with 2 X 10(-9) M nerve growth factor (NGF) release a 3- to 4-fold greater amount of dopamine than do control cultures in response to a maximal concentration of nicotine.	Nicotine	199-207	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
2987434-5	1985	Correspondingly, nicotine causes a 3-fold greater increase in cAMP levels in the NGF-treated cultures than in the controls.	Nicotine	17-25	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
15695071-7	2005	The decreased density of the VMAT2 in the platelets of smokers may reflect nicotine induced desensitization of VMAT2, a phenomenon that may be relevant to the addictive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	75-83	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	29-34
15695071-7	2005	The decreased density of the VMAT2 in the platelets of smokers may reflect nicotine induced desensitization of VMAT2, a phenomenon that may be relevant to the addictive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	75-83	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	111-116
15695071-7	2005	The decreased density of the VMAT2 in the platelets of smokers may reflect nicotine induced desensitization of VMAT2, a phenomenon that may be relevant to the addictive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	183-191	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	29-34
6148837-10	1984	In conclusion, other inhibitory systems than the tuberoinfundibular DA neurons in the MPZ and LPZ must also be involved in mediating the inhibitory effects of nicotine on prolactin, LH and TSH secretion and different types of cholinergic nicotine-like receptors may exist.	Nicotine	159-167	myelin protein zero	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
6142738-3	1984	n-Cholinomimetics (nicotine, cytiton) were discovered to have a marked inhibitory action on renin secretion, reducing it to almost zero at a concentration of 10(-4) M. n-Cholinolytics (spasmolytin, benzohexonium) produced a dose-dependent stimulation of renin secretion with a 10-20-fold maximal increase.	Nicotine	19-27	renin	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
6142738-3	1984	n-Cholinomimetics (nicotine, cytiton) were discovered to have a marked inhibitory action on renin secretion, reducing it to almost zero at a concentration of 10(-4) M. n-Cholinolytics (spasmolytin, benzohexonium) produced a dose-dependent stimulation of renin secretion with a 10-20-fold maximal increase.	Nicotine	19-27	renin	Rattus norvegicus	254-259
2203069-8	1990	Importantly, the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are highly effective to prevent the behavioral syndrome following withdrawal from treatment with diazepam, nicotine, cocaine and alcohol.	Nicotine	151-159	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	17-31
26752340-9	2016	qRT-PCR analysis showed GSK3beta up-regulation in e-liquid with nicotine as well as, surprisingly, in e-liquid without nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	64-72	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	24-32
15695071-7	2005	The decreased density of the VMAT2 in the platelets of smokers may reflect nicotine induced desensitization of VMAT2, a phenomenon that may be relevant to the addictive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	183-191	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	111-116
11996101-8	2000	This study shows clearly that the expression of CYP2B1/2, which metabolizes nicotine and some drugs and activates carcinogens, is controlled in rats by age-, pregnancy-, and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-54
1907749-5	1991	A single injection of oxotremorine or nicotine raised only the levels of CGRP and NPY and of the NPY mRNA whereas those of the chromogranins and their respective mRNAs remained unaltered.	Nicotine	38-46	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
23301-2	1978	Nicotine 3 mg/kg/day for 14 days, increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in hypothalamus and adrenal medulla but did change striatum TH.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	44-64
15764844-2	2005	In this review, we discuss how chronic nicotine exposure to neurons affects expression of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), an endogenous anxiogenic neuropeptide supposed to be a common substance participating drug dependence, and function of L-type high voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (HVCCs).	Nicotine	39-47	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	90-116
34601327-0	2021	In-vitro immunomodulatory effects of nicotine on Nitric Oxide, interleukin 1beta and interleukin 37 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with Behcet disease.	Nicotine	37-45	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	85-99
34601327-2	2021	In our current study we sought to evaluate the in-vitro modulatory effect of nicotine, the principal alkaloid of tobacco, on nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 37 (IL-37) production during Behcet"s disease.	Nicotine	77-85	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	177-191
15764844-2	2005	In this review, we discuss how chronic nicotine exposure to neurons affects expression of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), an endogenous anxiogenic neuropeptide supposed to be a common substance participating drug dependence, and function of L-type high voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (HVCCs).	Nicotine	39-47	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	118-121
34601327-2	2021	In our current study we sought to evaluate the in-vitro modulatory effect of nicotine, the principal alkaloid of tobacco, on nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 37 (IL-37) production during Behcet"s disease.	Nicotine	77-85	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	193-198
15097-6	1977	Physostigmine (1.0 mg/kg), pilocarpine (25-50 mg/kg) and nicotine (10 mg/kg) increased TH activity in LC and adrenal.	Nicotine	57-65	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	87-89
15764844-3	2005	We also discuss the functional interaction between DBI and L-type HVCCs in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	75-83	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	51-54
34601327-6	2021	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced NO and IL-1beta levels in patients with Behcet"s disease, while it increased IL-37 production.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	132-137
15764844-4	2005	Both DBI levels and [(45)Ca(2+)] influx significantly increased in the brain from mice treated with nicotine for long term, which was further enhanced after abrupt cessation of nicotine and was abolished by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists.	Nicotine	100-108	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	5-8
34853315-5	2021	Downregulation of OTUD3 and ZFP36 is essential for nicotine-induced VEGF-C production and lymphatic metastasis in esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	51-59	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	28-33
4695422-0	1973	Effect of nicotine and nicotine metabolites on insulin secretion from rabbit pancreas pieces.	Nicotine	23-31	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	47-54
15670336-0	2005	Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by nicotine selectively up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in rat microglial cultures.	Nicotine	57-65	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-107
34853315-6	2021	This study establishes that the OTUD3/ZFP36/VEGF-C axis plays a vital role in nicotine addiction-induced lymphatic metastasis, suggesting that OTUD3 may serve as a prognostic marker, and induction of the VEGF-C mRNA decay might be a potential therapeutic strategy against human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	78-86	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	38-43
15968085-0	2005	Nicotine stimulates expression of the PNMT gene through a novel promoter sequence.	Nicotine	0-8	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	38-42
33506435-0	2021	Association Study of Opioid Receptor Delta-Type 1 (OPRD1) Gene Variants with Nicotine Dependence in an Iranian Population.	Nicotine	77-85	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	21-49
33506435-0	2021	Association Study of Opioid Receptor Delta-Type 1 (OPRD1) Gene Variants with Nicotine Dependence in an Iranian Population.	Nicotine	77-85	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
15968085-5	2005	Functional analyses using nested deletion and substitution mutations of the PNMT promoter map the nicotine responsive region to a sequence spanning -633 to -595 bp, designated the PNMT nicotine-responsive element (NicRE).	Nicotine	98-106	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	76-80
33506435-3	2021	Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association of variants located in the intron 1 of the OPRD1 gene, including rs2236857, rs2236855, and rs760589, with susceptibility to nicotine dependence among northern Iranians.	Nicotine	190-198	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
34333049-17	2021	Both nicotine and celecoxib can inhibit inflammation, but through different mechanisms: nicotine can activate alpha4beta2-nAChRs while celecoxib is cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.	Nicotine	5-13	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	148-164
15968085-5	2005	Functional analyses using nested deletion and substitution mutations of the PNMT promoter map the nicotine responsive region to a sequence spanning -633 to -595 bp, designated the PNMT nicotine-responsive element (NicRE).	Nicotine	98-106	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	180-184
34119664-12	2021	On the other hand, chronic administration of modafinil and nicotine significantly down-regulated the caspase 3 and up-regulated both BDNF and TrkB levels in the MDMA-received rats.	Nicotine	59-67	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-110
34443380-2	2021	Menthol is classically known as a TRPM8 agonist; therefore, some have postulated that TRPM8 antagonists may be potential candidates for novel nicotine cessation pharmacotherapies.	Nicotine	142-150	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8	Mus musculus	86-91
34443380-3	2021	Here, we examine a novel class of TRPM8 antagonists for their ability to alter nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model of conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	79-87	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8	Mus musculus	34-39
34057209-13	2021	In addition, long-term nicotine or CSC exposure reduced miR-29b and miR-199a expression to less than 50% of that in the unstimulated HGFs.	Nicotine	23-31	microRNA 29b-1	Homo sapiens	56-63
34045967-10	2021	We also found that nicotine offspring showed an increase of neurite length in the molecular layer and CA1 by Tuj1 staining, as well as an increase in the expression of synapse associated protein, PSD95, but the expression of NeuroD1 in CA1 and CA3 reduced.	Nicotine	19-27	neurogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	225-232
15968085-5	2005	Functional analyses using nested deletion and substitution mutations of the PNMT promoter map the nicotine responsive region to a sequence spanning -633 to -595 bp, designated the PNMT nicotine-responsive element (NicRE).	Nicotine	185-193	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	76-80
32980966-3	2021	As predicted, AS was indirectly associated with greater likelihood of using alcohol, cigarettes, and electronic nicotine delivery systems in the past-month through anxiety symptoms.	Nicotine	112-120	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2605	Homo sapiens	0-2
32980966-3	2021	As predicted, AS was indirectly associated with greater likelihood of using alcohol, cigarettes, and electronic nicotine delivery systems in the past-month through anxiety symptoms.	Nicotine	112-120	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2605	Homo sapiens	14-16
15968085-5	2005	Functional analyses using nested deletion and substitution mutations of the PNMT promoter map the nicotine responsive region to a sequence spanning -633 to -595 bp, designated the PNMT nicotine-responsive element (NicRE).	Nicotine	185-193	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	180-184
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	18-26	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	163-194
15968085-6	2005	Sequences at the 5" (-633 to -620) and 3" (-599 to -595) ends of this region are essential to convey nicotine responsiveness to PNMT promoter constructs expressed in primary bovine chromaffin cells and in selected lines derived from mouse pheochromocytomas and human neuroblastomas.	Nicotine	101-109	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	128-132
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	18-26	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	196-200
34142887-9	2021	In vitro, 11,12-EET treatment attenuated nicotine-induced MMP2 upregulation via SIRT1-mediated YAP deacetylation.	Nicotine	41-49	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	95-98
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	263-271	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	163-194
15968085-7	2005	Profiles of nuclear proteins associating with PNMT promoter sequences also change following nicotine treatment of these cells.	Nicotine	92-100	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	46-50
33737851-5	2021	More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19.	Nicotine	263-271	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	196-200
34142887-10	2021	In conclusion, sEH knockout attenuated nicotine-induced arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling via SIRT1-induced YAP deacetylation.	Nicotine	39-47	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	117-120
16084664-6	2005	c-fos and NGFI-B were also upregulated by nicotine, but not in an age-related manner.	Nicotine	42-50	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
34177609-12	2021	Taken together, our study demonstrated that nicotine treatment may lead to an increase in Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by blocking mitophagic flux by weakening the enzyme activity of CTSL and activating the ROS/p38/JNK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	44-52	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	218-221
32339332-0	2021	Repeated nicotine exposure increases the intracellular interaction between ERK-mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens more in adult than adolescent rats.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	79-85
32339332-2	2021	We investigated the difference in the degree of interaction between extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after repeated exposure to nicotine in adult and adolescent rats.	Nicotine	225-233	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	159-165
32339332-4	2021	Furthermore, membrane expression of mGluR5 in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) medium spiny neurons was higher in adults than adolescents as a result of repeated exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	36-42
32339332-5	2021	Blockade of mGluR5 with MPEP (0.5 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increase in ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	68-76	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	12-18
32339332-6	2021	Either blockade of mGluR5 or inhibition of ERK with SL327 (150 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increase in the level of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3 ), a key transducer associated with mGluR5-coupled signaling cascades.	Nicotine	97-105	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	19-25
32339332-6	2021	Either blockade of mGluR5 or inhibition of ERK with SL327 (150 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increase in the level of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3 ), a key transducer associated with mGluR5-coupled signaling cascades.	Nicotine	97-105	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	208-214
32339332-7	2021	Similarly, interference of binding between activated ERK and mGluR5 by the blocking peptide, Tat-mGluR5-i (2 nmol/side), decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increases in IP3 and locomotor activity in adults.	Nicotine	144-152	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	61-67
32339332-7	2021	Similarly, interference of binding between activated ERK and mGluR5 by the blocking peptide, Tat-mGluR5-i (2 nmol/side), decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increases in IP3 and locomotor activity in adults.	Nicotine	144-152	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	97-103
32339332-8	2021	These findings suggest that the intracellular interaction between ERK and mGluR5 in the NAc is stronger in adult than in adolescent rats, which enhances the understanding of age-associated behavioral changes that occur after repeated exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	246-254	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	74-80
33432238-1	2021	Nicotine oxidoreductase (NicA2), a member of the flavin-containing amine oxidase family, is of medical relevance as it shows potential as a therapeutic to aid cessation of smoking due to its ability to oxidize nicotine into a non-psychoactive metabolite.	Nicotine	210-218	spermine oxidase	Homo sapiens	49-80
33626512-4	2021	Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1beta, IL-18, and gasdermin D.	Nicotine	54-62	gasdermin D	Homo sapiens	339-350
33352448-0	2021	The intervention effect of nicotine on cervical fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth model through activating the TGF-beta1/Smad3 pathway.	Nicotine	27-35	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	162-171
33352448-0	2021	The intervention effect of nicotine on cervical fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth model through activating the TGF-beta1/Smad3 pathway.	Nicotine	27-35	SMAD family member 3	Mus musculus	172-177
33352448-14	2021	Nicotine improved pregnancy outcomes and inhibited collagen degradation, activated the TGF-beta1/Smad3 pathway and promoted cervical fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in PTB-like mice; such effects could be reversed by alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT).	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	87-96
34177815-9	2021	Similarly, only in HFD-exposed male from nicotine-administered dams showed decreases in the insulin receptor expression in the liver.	Nicotine	41-49	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	92-108
34091767-5	2021	During follow-up until 2018, we investigated the association of smoking and CHRNA3 rs1051730, where the T-allele is strongly associated with nicotine dependence, with risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn"s disease.	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-82
16084664-7	2005	In contrast, nicotine induced less arc, c-fos, and NGFI-B expression in the somatosensory cortex of adolescents compared with adults.	Nicotine	13-21	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
34247340-0	2021	Association of NRG3 and ERBB4 gene polymorphism with nicotine dependence in Turkish population.	Nicotine	53-61	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
33352448-14	2021	Nicotine improved pregnancy outcomes and inhibited collagen degradation, activated the TGF-beta1/Smad3 pathway and promoted cervical fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in PTB-like mice; such effects could be reversed by alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT).	Nicotine	0-8	SMAD family member 3	Mus musculus	97-102
33352448-15	2021	Nicotine inhibited premature cervical ripening in PTB-like models in relation with up-regulating the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway and promoting fibroblast to differentiate into myofibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	SMAD family member 3	Mus musculus	110-115
33352289-9	2021	Chronic nicotine administration led to an increase of microglial cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and increased expression levels of the cytokines TNFalpha and COX-2.	Nicotine	8-16	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
34247340-3	2021	NRG3, which is activated after nicotine intake, binds to ERBB4 and causes GABA release.	Nicotine	31-39	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
15652996-5	2005	Studies to further investigate the effects of nicotine on NGF especially its high- and low-affinity receptors are also needed.	Nicotine	46-54	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
15652996-8	2005	The expression of ChAT, VAChT, as well as tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) NGF receptors and phospho-TrK receptors was increased by nicotine in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	136-144	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
15652996-10	2005	These results suggest that repeated exposure to nicotine results in positive effects on central cholinergic markers and memory function, which may be mediated via effects on high-affinity NGF receptors.	Nicotine	48-56	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
34076143-5	2021	Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	356-364	cofilin 1	Homo sapiens	137-146
15890456-3	2005	Previously in an analysis of several neurotrophic factors as possible mediators of nicotine-induced neuroprotection and/or neurotrophic effects we could reveal that an acute intermittent nicotine treatment increases fibroblast growth factor-2 mRNA and protein in several brain regions of rat brain.	Nicotine	83-91	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	216-242
34076143-5	2021	Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	356-364	cofilin 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
34076143-5	2021	Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	356-364	protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha	Homo sapiens	193-274
34076143-5	2021	Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	356-364	protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha	Homo sapiens	276-283
33130079-0	2021	Maternal nicotine exposure impairs brown adipose tissue via AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha signals in male offspring.	Nicotine	9-17	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	71-81
33130079-7	2021	The expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway were downregulated in the nicotine group at 26 weeks rather than 4 weeks.	Nicotine	104-112	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	39-43
33130079-7	2021	The expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway were downregulated in the nicotine group at 26 weeks rather than 4 weeks.	Nicotine	104-112	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	59-69
34084204-3	2021	In this study, the effect of the CB1R blockade on the electrical activity of NAc neurons in response to nicotine, and its probable interaction with the OX2R in this event, within this area, were examined via the single-unit recording.	Nicotine	104-112	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
15890456-3	2005	Previously in an analysis of several neurotrophic factors as possible mediators of nicotine-induced neuroprotection and/or neurotrophic effects we could reveal that an acute intermittent nicotine treatment increases fibroblast growth factor-2 mRNA and protein in several brain regions of rat brain.	Nicotine	187-195	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	216-242
34084204-8	2021	Finally, simultaneous intra-NAc administration of the effective or ineffective doses of AM251 and TCS-OX2-29 (a selective antagonist of OX2R) prevented the nicotine- induced increases of NAc neuronal responses, so that there was a significant difference between the group received ineffective doses of both antagonists and the AM251 ineffective dose.	Nicotine	156-164	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
34586895-0	2021	Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Inhibit Nicotine-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through Regulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 Signaling Axis.	Nicotine	38-46	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	107-112
34586895-7	2021	The results revealed that nicotine could significantly reduce chondrocytes and chondrogenic indicators (Sox, Col II and aggrecan).	Nicotine	26-34	quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Mus musculus	104-107
34586895-10	2021	Conclusively, the PDB impart reparative and tissue regenerative processes by inhibiting nicotine-initiated IVD degeneration, through regulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 signaling axis.	Nicotine	88-96	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	144-149
33130079-8	2021	In vitro, 50 muM nicotine decreased the expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway in brown adipocytes.	Nicotine	17-25	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	75-79
33130079-8	2021	In vitro, 50 muM nicotine decreased the expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway in brown adipocytes.	Nicotine	17-25	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	95-105
33130079-9	2021	SIGNIFICANCE: Maternal nicotine exposure showed the "programming" effect on the decreased brown-like phenotype in BAT of adult male offspring via downregulating AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway.	Nicotine	23-31	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	172-182
33375250-0	2020	Postnatal Smoke Exposure Further Increases the Hepatic Nicotine Metabolism in Prenatally Smoke Exposed Male Offspring and Is Linked with Aberrant Cyp2a5 Methylation.	Nicotine	55-63	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	146-152
33082140-0	2020	MicroRNA-98 reduces nerve growth factor expression in nicotine-induced airway remodeling.	Nicotine	54-62	microRNA 98	Mus musculus	0-11
35531910-6	2022	Our research provides the first evidence that exogenous FGF21 treatment can alleviate the vitamin D3 plus nicotine-induced VC at least in part via suppressing ATF4 mediated apoptosis and osteogenic transformation in rats.	Nicotine	106-114	fibroblast growth factor 21	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
15890456-7	2005	We focused our attention to expression of transcription factors and several of them were up- or down-regulated by nicotine, among these Nr4a1 (Nurr77), Egr-1 and Egr-2.	Nicotine	114-122	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
33082140-2	2020	We explored the hypothesis that nicotine increases NGF by reducing lung fibroblast (LF) microRNA-98 (miR-98) and PPARgamma levels thus promoting airway remodeling.	Nicotine	32-40	microRNA 98	Mus musculus	88-99
33082140-2	2020	We explored the hypothesis that nicotine increases NGF by reducing lung fibroblast (LF) microRNA-98 (miR-98) and PPARgamma levels thus promoting airway remodeling.	Nicotine	32-40	microRNA 98	Mus musculus	101-107
15588622-0	2004	Nicotine and epibatidine triggered prolonged rise in calcium and TH gene transcription in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	65-67
33082140-2	2020	We explored the hypothesis that nicotine increases NGF by reducing lung fibroblast (LF) microRNA-98 (miR-98) and PPARgamma levels thus promoting airway remodeling.	Nicotine	32-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	113-122
35565726-0	2022	Procyanidin B2 Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Hepatocyte Pyroptosis through a PPARgamma-Dependent Mechanism.	Nicotine	26-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	75-84
35565726-4	2022	Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	23-31	caspase 1	Mus musculus	153-162
35565726-4	2022	Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	23-31	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	352-357
35565726-7	2022	Furthermore, we showed that PCB2 attenuated nicotine-induced pyroptosis through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in hepatocytes.	Nicotine	44-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	98-146
35565726-7	2022	Furthermore, we showed that PCB2 attenuated nicotine-induced pyroptosis through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in hepatocytes.	Nicotine	44-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	148-157
35441257-2	2022	Nicotine has been shown to stimulate the production of cytokines that are priming agents for inflammation that induces tissue destruction, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, by gingival keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).	Nicotine	0-8	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	231-234
35441257-7	2022	Boric acid at 10 and 50 ng/mL in the media partially restored and 100 ng/mL in the media fully restored the nicotine-depressed HGF cell viability to the same level as the control group.	Nicotine	108-116	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	127-130
33419350-14	2020	If differential DNA methylation on the MYO1G, AHRR, and GFI1 genes transmit adverse effects of prenatal nicotine exposure to the child, there is a need to investigate whether preventing changes in DNA methylation by reducing the metabolic rate of nicotine and conversion to harmful metabolites may protect exposed children.	Nicotine	104-112	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	46-50
33355840-0	2021	Changes in mucin production in human airway epithelial cells after exposure to e-cigarette vapor with or without nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	11-16
15588622-6	2004	Epibatidine, like nicotine, elevated TH promoter driven reporter transcription, mostly mediated by the cyclic-AMP responsive motifs.	Nicotine	18-26	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	37-39
15319299-0	2004	Nicotine promotes gastric tumor growth and neovascularization by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cyclooxygenase-2.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	118-134
15319299-6	2004	Nicotine further increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and microvessel density by 70 and 30%, respectively, with concomitant activation of ERK phosphorylation, COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the tumors.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	187-192
15319299-7	2004	Intraperitoneal administration of a selective COX-2 inhibitor (SC-236, 2 mg/kg) prevented the nicotine-induced tumor growth and neovascularization dose-dependently.	Nicotine	94-102	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	46-51
32853043-5	2020	Compared with the air-exposed control group, female mice exposed to e-cig aerosols, with or without nicotine, demonstrated increased lung protein abundance of LEF-1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1), fibronectin, and E-cadherin, whereas altered E-cadherin and PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) levels were observed only in males exposed to e-cig aerosols with nicotine.	Nicotine	100-108	lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1	Mus musculus	159-164
32853043-5	2020	Compared with the air-exposed control group, female mice exposed to e-cig aerosols, with or without nicotine, demonstrated increased lung protein abundance of LEF-1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1), fibronectin, and E-cadherin, whereas altered E-cadherin and PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) levels were observed only in males exposed to e-cig aerosols with nicotine.	Nicotine	100-108	lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1	Mus musculus	166-200
32853043-8	2020	MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), a downstream target of PAI-1, was downregulated in both sexes exposed to e-cig aerosols with nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	0-4
32853043-8	2020	MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), a downstream target of PAI-1, was downregulated in both sexes exposed to e-cig aerosols with nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	6-32
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	165-170
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	227-236
35455685-8	2022	The expression of the T allele of the DRD2 rs1800497 and DRD3 rs6280 polymorphisms significantly correlated with a lower level of nicotine dependence and lower use of cigarettes.	Nicotine	130-138	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	38-42
35455685-10	2022	Concluding, DRD2 rs1800497 and DRD3 rs6280 polymorphisms are involved in nicotine dependence and cigarette smoking habits in patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders.	Nicotine	73-81	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	12-16
2657481-5	1989	When nicotine was administered after MPTP, their separate effects could be seen in that both the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor ligand binding activities were increased and that nicotine elevated the ratio of D1/D2 receptor binding activities in MPTP-treated mice.	Nicotine	5-13	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	206-220
2657481-5	1989	When nicotine was administered after MPTP, their separate effects could be seen in that both the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor ligand binding activities were increased and that nicotine elevated the ratio of D1/D2 receptor binding activities in MPTP-treated mice.	Nicotine	175-183	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	206-220
2475094-1	1989	The ontogenic development of the transsynaptic induction of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), evoked by reserpine and nicotine was studied in control and hypothyroid young rats, aged 3-52 days.	Nicotine	119-127	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	68-88
2475094-1	1989	The ontogenic development of the transsynaptic induction of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), evoked by reserpine and nicotine was studied in control and hypothyroid young rats, aged 3-52 days.	Nicotine	119-127	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	90-92
15319299-8	2004	Consistent with our animal model, an in vitro study also demonstrated that incubation with nicotine (50-200 microg/ml) for 5 h stimulated cell proliferation dose-dependently and increased COX-2 expression, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and VEGF release, as well as activation of ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	91-99	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	188-193
33328880-0	2020	Nicotine Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury Through alpha7-nAChR/Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	92-98
33328880-8	2020	Mechanistically, the application of nicotine significantly upregulated the levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2.	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	100-106
15319299-9	2004	Pre-treatment with specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors (U0126 or PD98059) attenuated COX-2 expression and subsequent PGE(2) release by nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	115-120
33328880-9	2020	The neuroprotective effects of nicotine, in turn, were abolished by PD0325901, a selective Erk1/2 inhibitor.	Nicotine	31-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	91-97
15319299-10	2004	Furthermore, the stimulatory action of nicotine on cancer cell growth and angiogenic factor VEGF production was suppressed by inhibitors of MEK (U0126) and COX-2 (SC-236).	Nicotine	39-47	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	156-161
33328880-12	2020	Taken together, our findings suggest that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced HT-22 cell injury through activating the alpha7-nAChR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, which indicates that nicotine may be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.	Nicotine	42-50	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	129-135
15319299-11	2004	These findings reveal a direct promoting action of nicotine on the growth of gastric tumor and neovascularization through sequential activation of the ERK/COX-2/VEGF signaling pathway, which can be targeted for chemoprevention of gastric cancer, particularly in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	155-160
15569257-7	2004	Similar IC50 values have been reported for the MLA inhibition of nicotine-stimulated dopamine release, a response that is mediated by beta2-subunit-containing nAchRs and not alpha7-subunit-containing nAchRs.	Nicotine	65-73	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	134-139
32362142-8	2020	In MEF cells, nicotine increased the expression of Prx1 and inhibited apoptosis and expression of p-p38 and p-JNK.	Nicotine	14-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	100-103
2498925-0	1989	5HT3 receptor antagonists block morphine- and nicotine- but not amphetamine-induced reward.	Nicotine	46-54	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
15225679-5	2004	Four genes, BAX, calcyclin, osteopontin and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), identified by the microarray as showing changes in mRNA level with nicotine treatment were investigated in detail.	Nicotine	146-154	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	28-39
15225679-6	2004	RT-PCR showed that nicotine exposure resulted in significant decreases in mRNA levels for BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin, but nicotine did not affect the mRNA level of SOD1.	Nicotine	19-27	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	109-120
2837398-7	1988	The finding that nicotine-induced relaxation was accompanied by the neuronal release of VIP is compatible with the possibility that VIP is an inhibitory transmitter but is not definitive evidence, since it could have been due to the stimulation of distinct populations of nerves by nicotine.	Nicotine	17-25	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	132-135
33137879-4	2020	Three months" exposure to mint- or mango-flavored JUUL (containing 5% nicotine, 59 mg/mL) induced upregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (phosphorylated and total PSD95) expression, and downregulation of mGluR5 and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the NAc-shell.	Nicotine	70-78	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	260-266
15225679-7	2004	Nicotine-induced changes in BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin mRNAs showed a general correlation with stimulation of branching, implying a common mechanism for effects of nicotine on branching and on gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	47-58
32763057-0	2020	Genetic associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the l-DOPA receptor (GPR143) gene with severity of nicotine dependence in Japanese individuals, and attenuation of nicotine reinforcement in Gpr143 gene-deficient mice.	Nicotine	110-118	G protein-coupled receptor 143	Mus musculus	80-86
32763057-0	2020	Genetic associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the l-DOPA receptor (GPR143) gene with severity of nicotine dependence in Japanese individuals, and attenuation of nicotine reinforcement in Gpr143 gene-deficient mice.	Nicotine	174-182	G protein-coupled receptor 143	Mus musculus	80-86
32763057-0	2020	Genetic associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the l-DOPA receptor (GPR143) gene with severity of nicotine dependence in Japanese individuals, and attenuation of nicotine reinforcement in Gpr143 gene-deficient mice.	Nicotine	174-182	G protein-coupled receptor 143	Mus musculus	200-206
32763057-5	2020	In Gpr143 gene-deficient mice, nicotine-induced hypolocomotion and rewarding effect were attenuated compared to those in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	31-39	G protein-coupled receptor 143	Mus musculus	3-9
3346880-0	1988	Regio- and stereochemical studies on the alpha-carbon oxidation of (S)-nicotine by cytochrome P-450 model systems.	Nicotine	67-79	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	83-99
3346880-1	1988	Results from previous studies indicate that rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 catalyzes the C-5" two-electron oxidation of (S)-nicotine stereoselectivity with preferential loss of the pro-(E)-hydrogen atom trans to the pyridine ring.	Nicotine	130-142	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	68-84
3346880-1	1988	Results from previous studies indicate that rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 catalyzes the C-5" two-electron oxidation of (S)-nicotine stereoselectivity with preferential loss of the pro-(E)-hydrogen atom trans to the pyridine ring.	Nicotine	130-142	complement C5	Oryctolagus cuniculus	99-102
3346880-4	1988	The results of these studies are interpreted as additional evidence for the formation of a highly ordered complex between (S)-nicotine and cytochrome P-450 that directs the regio- and diasterioselective alpha-carbon oxidation of this substrate.	Nicotine	122-134	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	139-155
15225679-7	2004	Nicotine-induced changes in BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin mRNAs showed a general correlation with stimulation of branching, implying a common mechanism for effects of nicotine on branching and on gene expression.	Nicotine	168-176	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	47-58
2908045-0	1988	Characterization of the effect of nicotine on vasopressin and atrial natriuretic factor in the rabbit.	Nicotine	34-42	natriuretic peptides A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	62-87
2908045-2	1988	Nicotine was shown to produce significant increases in plasma AVP from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 75.3 +/- 35.1 pg/ml (P less than .05) and in plasma ANF levels from 39 +/- 11 to 121 +/- 52 pg/ml (P less than .05) within 5 min of an i.v.	Nicotine	0-8	natriuretic peptides A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	138-141
15604745-8	2004	Therefore, we hypothesize that SAHH associates with DAO as part of a larger multienzyme complex that may function in planta as a nicotine metabolic channel.	Nicotine	129-137	adenosylhomocysteinase	Nicotiana tabacum	31-35
2908045-5	1988	Trimetaphan was ineffective in blocking the stimulation of AVP secretion but completely abolished the nicotine-induced secretion of ANF.	Nicotine	102-110	natriuretic peptides A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	132-135
2908045-9	1988	The increase in ANF plasma concentrations was probably due to a primary response to nicotine, for although exogenous AVP (1 microgram i.v.)	Nicotine	84-92	natriuretic peptides A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-19
32479813-0	2020	Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase reduces nicotine reward in the conditioned place preference test in male mice.	Nicotine	46-54	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	14-37
32479813-3	2020	Previous reports suggest that pharmacological and genetic blockade of CB1 receptors attenuate nicotine reinforcement and reward; while exogenous agonists enhanced these abuse-related behaviors.	Nicotine	94-102	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	70-73
32479813-5	2020	Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary catabolic enzyme of 2-AG, attenuates nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice, through a non-CB1 receptor-mediated mechanism.	Nicotine	137-145	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	56-79
2908045-11	1988	Thus, nicotine or its effects appear to stimulate the secretion of ANF and not AVP.	Nicotine	6-14	natriuretic peptides A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-70
32479813-5	2020	Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary catabolic enzyme of 2-AG, attenuates nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice, through a non-CB1 receptor-mediated mechanism.	Nicotine	137-145	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	81-85
15342104-0	2004	Galantamine and nicotine have a synergistic effect on inhibition of microglial activation induced by HIV-1 gp120.	Nicotine	16-24	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	107-112
32479813-10	2020	This idea is supported by dose-dependent attenuation of nicotine preference by the selective COX-2 inhibitors valdecoxib and LM-4131.	Nicotine	56-64	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	93-98
15342104-8	2004	Furthermore, this activation, as measured by TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) release, is synergistically attenuated through the alpha7 nAChR and p44/42 MAPK system by pretreatment with nicotine, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine.	Nicotine	185-193	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	145-148
32479813-11	2020	Collectively, these findings, along with our reported studies on nicotine withdrawal, suggest that inhibition of MAGL represents a promising new target for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	65-73	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	113-117
32479813-11	2020	Collectively, these findings, along with our reported studies on nicotine withdrawal, suggest that inhibition of MAGL represents a promising new target for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	202-210	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	113-117
15274052-1	2004	Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) has been shown to increase its expression in rat prefrontal cortex after self-administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	147-155	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
32663572-5	2020	Mechanistically, nicotine exposure markedly increased cleaved Caspase 3 and cleaved Caspase 9 indicating the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathway (mitochondrial cell death pathway).	Nicotine	17-25	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	62-71
32894161-0	2020	A nicotine-induced positive feedback loop between HIF1A and YAP1 contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	2-10	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	60-64
32894161-6	2020	Functional studies revealed that YAP1 might drive nicotine-stimulated EMT and oncogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	50-58	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	33-37
32894161-8	2020	In term of mechanism, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1A promoted YAP1 nuclear localization and YAP1 transactivation by directly binding to the hypoxia responsive elements of the YAP1 promoter upon nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	196-204	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	64-68
3354177-8	1988	The urine tox screen was positive only for nicotine.	Nicotine	43-51	thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box	Homo sapiens	10-13
15249421-0	2004	Vanilloid receptors mediate adrenergic nerve- and CGRP-containing nerve-dependent vasodilation induced by nicotine in rat mesenteric resistance arteries.	Nicotine	106-114	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
2995954-1	1985	New syntheses of three thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analogues ([Dopa2]THR, [Nic1]TRH, and [Tyr(30NO2)2]TRH) have been reported (Dopa stands for L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, Nic--for nicotinic acid and Tyr(3-NO2)--for L-3-nitrotyrosine).	Nicotine	83-86	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	23-52
33255-6	1979	Nicotine concentrations as low as 0.1 ng ml-1 can be measured.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	41-45
32894161-8	2020	In term of mechanism, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1A promoted YAP1 nuclear localization and YAP1 transactivation by directly binding to the hypoxia responsive elements of the YAP1 promoter upon nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	196-204	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
32894161-8	2020	In term of mechanism, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1A promoted YAP1 nuclear localization and YAP1 transactivation by directly binding to the hypoxia responsive elements of the YAP1 promoter upon nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	196-204	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
32894161-9	2020	Nicotine stimulated HIF1A and YAP1 expression by activating cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 (CHRNA7).	Nicotine	0-8	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
32894161-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that YAP1 enhances nicotine-stimulated EMT and tumor progression of PDAC through a HIF1A/YAP1 positive feedback loop.	Nicotine	55-63	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
32787626-6	2021	Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to quantify ADGRL3 gene and protein expression under control, starvation and nicotine-exposed conditions.	Nicotine	140-148	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3	Homo sapiens	75-81
32787626-7	2021	RESULTS: Starvation was found to significantly decrease ADGRL3 expression, whereas nicotine exposure significantly increased ADGRL3 expression.	Nicotine	83-91	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3	Homo sapiens	125-131
15249421-1	2004	Previous studies showed that nicotine induces adrenergic nerve-dependent vasodilation that is mediated by endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from CGRP-containing (CGRPergic) nerves.	Nicotine	29-37	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	117-148
15249421-1	2004	Previous studies showed that nicotine induces adrenergic nerve-dependent vasodilation that is mediated by endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from CGRP-containing (CGRPergic) nerves.	Nicotine	29-37	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	150-154
32640907-0	2020	Nicotine Modulates CTSS (Cathepsin S) Synthesis and Secretion Through Regulating the Autophagy-Lysosomal Machinery in Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	0-8	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	19-23
4436812-5	1974	Nicotine, noradrenaline (NA) and hypertonic saline caused release of ADH, whereas microinjections of isotonic saline did not affect the blood level of the hormone.3.	Nicotine	0-8	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
15249421-1	2004	Previous studies showed that nicotine induces adrenergic nerve-dependent vasodilation that is mediated by endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from CGRP-containing (CGRPergic) nerves.	Nicotine	29-37	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
4476386-0	1974	[Proceedings: Effect of nicotine on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in rats].	Nicotine	24-32	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	36-50
32640907-0	2020	Nicotine Modulates CTSS (Cathepsin S) Synthesis and Secretion Through Regulating the Autophagy-Lysosomal Machinery in Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	0-8	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	25-36
32640907-4	2020	Approach and Results: In this study, we showed that nicotine activated autophagy and upregulated CTSS expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and in atherosclerotic plaques.	Nicotine	52-60	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	97-101
15249421-5	2004	Capsazepine (vanilloid receptor-1 antagonist; 1-10 microm) and ruthenium red (inhibitor of vanilloid response; 1-30 microm) concentration-dependently inhibited the nicotine-induced vasodilation without affecting the vasodilator response to exogenous CGRP.	Nicotine	164-172	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-33
32640907-5	2020	Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining showed that nicotine inhibited the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activity, promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), and upregulated the expression of CTSS.	Nicotine	60-68	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	83-89
15249421-5	2004	Capsazepine (vanilloid receptor-1 antagonist; 1-10 microm) and ruthenium red (inhibitor of vanilloid response; 1-30 microm) concentration-dependently inhibited the nicotine-induced vasodilation without affecting the vasodilator response to exogenous CGRP.	Nicotine	164-172	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	250-254
32640907-5	2020	Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining showed that nicotine inhibited the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activity, promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), and upregulated the expression of CTSS.	Nicotine	60-68	transcription factor EB	Homo sapiens	180-184
32640907-5	2020	Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining showed that nicotine inhibited the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activity, promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), and upregulated the expression of CTSS.	Nicotine	60-68	transcription factor EB	Homo sapiens	186-209
15249421-10	2004	These results suggest that nicotine acts on presynaptic nicotinic receptors to release adrenergic neurotransmitter(s) or related substance(s), which then stimulate vanilloid receptor-1 on CGRPergic nerves, resulting in CGRP release and vasodilation.	Nicotine	27-35	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-184
32640907-5	2020	Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining showed that nicotine inhibited the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activity, promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), and upregulated the expression of CTSS.	Nicotine	60-68	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	246-250
32640907-7	2020	mTORC1 inhibition by nicotine or rapamycin promoted lysosomal exocytosis and CTSS secretion.	Nicotine	21-29	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	0-6
4735352-0	1973	Biphasic effects of nicotine upon ECS-induced retrograde amnesia in mice.	Nicotine	20-28	epistatic circling SWR/J	Mus musculus	34-37
15249421-10	2004	These results suggest that nicotine acts on presynaptic nicotinic receptors to release adrenergic neurotransmitter(s) or related substance(s), which then stimulate vanilloid receptor-1 on CGRPergic nerves, resulting in CGRP release and vasodilation.	Nicotine	27-35	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
32640907-7	2020	mTORC1 inhibition by nicotine or rapamycin promoted lysosomal exocytosis and CTSS secretion.	Nicotine	21-29	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	77-81
32640907-9	2020	Nicotine promoted vascular smooth muscle cell migration by upregulating CTSS, and CTSS inhibition suppressed nicotine-induced atherosclerosis in vivo.	Nicotine	0-8	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	72-76
15266655-0	2004	Repetitive exposures to nicotine induce a hyper-responsiveness via the cAMP/PKA/CREB signal pathway in Drosophila.	Nicotine	24-32	Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein A	Drosophila melanogaster	80-84
32640907-9	2020	Nicotine promoted vascular smooth muscle cell migration by upregulating CTSS, and CTSS inhibition suppressed nicotine-induced atherosclerosis in vivo.	Nicotine	109-117	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	82-86
32640907-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that nicotine mediates CTSS synthesis and secretion through regulating the autophagy-lysosomal machinery, which offers a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.	Nicotine	31-39	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	49-53
32189428-5	2020	We predict that these individuals are "primed" to be at higher risk because nicotine can directly impact the putative receptor for the virus (ACE2) and lead to deleterious signaling in lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	76-84	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	142-146
13096168-0	1953	The pilomotor response to intradermally injected nicotine: an aid in excluding the diagnosis of leprosy.	Nicotine	49-57	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	62-65
33975879-0	2021	Nicotine-induced ILF2 facilitates nuclear mRNA export of pluripotency factors to promote stemness and chemoresistance in human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin enhancer binding factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
32835124-9	2020	Nicotine patches and Colchicine have also been suggested as potential therapies due to Furin mediated inhibition of COVID-19.	Nicotine	0-8	furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Homo sapiens	87-92
15266655-2	2004	Here we present genetic and pharmacological evidence in Drosophila suggesting that repetitive exposures to nicotine induce a hyper-responsiveness through synthesis of new protein(s) via CREB-mediated gene transcription.	Nicotine	107-115	Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein A	Drosophila melanogaster	186-190
33975879-3	2021	Here we find that the RNA binding protein interleukin enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) is robustly upregulated by nicotine, a major chemical component of tobacco smoke, via activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and significantly correlates with poor prognosis in heavy-smoking esophageal cancer patients.	Nicotine	114-122	interleukin enhancer binding factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
33975879-6	2021	Importantly, inducible depletion of ILF2 significantly increased the therapeutic efficiency of cisplatin and abrogated nicotine-induced chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	119-127	interleukin enhancer binding factor 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
15249143-0	2004	Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for the long-term response of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression to chronic nicotine treatment in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	141-149	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	93-113
15249143-1	2004	Nicotine induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cultured adrenal medullary cell systems; however, the mechanisms responsible for the induction of adrenal TH in response to systemically administered nicotine under in vivo conditions are more complex.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	17-37
32341069-9	2021	Moreover, mice, in which expression of alpha5 or beta4 subunits has been genetically modified, have profoundly altered patterns of nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	131-139	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	39-54
32423882-5	2020	Overall, our study suggests that nicotine can significantly alter extracellular matrix and tight junction protein gene expression (e.g., laminin, integrin, and occludin), thus compromising cross-talk between the interstitial and tubular compartments and enhancing blood-testis barrier (BTB) permeability via downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.	Nicotine	33-41	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	160-168
15249143-1	2004	Nicotine induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cultured adrenal medullary cell systems; however, the mechanisms responsible for the induction of adrenal TH in response to systemically administered nicotine under in vivo conditions are more complex.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	39-41
15249143-1	2004	Nicotine induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cultured adrenal medullary cell systems; however, the mechanisms responsible for the induction of adrenal TH in response to systemically administered nicotine under in vivo conditions are more complex.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	220-222
15249143-1	2004	Nicotine induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cultured adrenal medullary cell systems; however, the mechanisms responsible for the induction of adrenal TH in response to systemically administered nicotine under in vivo conditions are more complex.	Nicotine	264-272	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	39-41
15249143-2	2004	In the present study, we tested whether nAChRs and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) participate in the induction of adrenal TH observed after long-term treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	178-186	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	135-137
33895911-8	2021	In addition, TIPE1 was found to be involved in nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, N-nitrosonornicotine and benzo[a]pyrene-mediated lung cancer through enhanced proliferation, survival and migration of lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	47-55	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
15249143-3	2004	Chronic nicotine treatment (1.6 mg/kg, two daily injections spaced 12 h apart for 7 days) induced TH mRNA, TH protein and TH activity in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	98-100
32863769-0	2020	Correction to: Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy.	Nicotine	42-50	synuclein gamma	Homo sapiens	15-30
15249143-3	2004	Chronic nicotine treatment (1.6 mg/kg, two daily injections spaced 12 h apart for 7 days) induced TH mRNA, TH protein and TH activity in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	107-109
15249143-3	2004	Chronic nicotine treatment (1.6 mg/kg, two daily injections spaced 12 h apart for 7 days) induced TH mRNA, TH protein and TH activity in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	107-109
15249143-4	2004	This induction of TH gene expression was totally blocked when an antagonist of either nAChRs or mAChRs was administered prior to each nicotine injection.	Nicotine	134-142	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	18-20
33930641-5	2021	RESULTS: Here we observed that mice assigned nicotine-salt exhibited increased EVSA on a FR3 schedule compared to nicotine-freebase.	Nicotine	45-53	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Mus musculus	89-92
15249143-7	2004	These results suggest that agonist occupation of both nAChRs and mAChRs are essential for the complete response of TH gene expression to chronic nicotine treatment in rat adrenal medulla, but that stimulation of either cholinergic receptor by itself is not sufficient to elicit a full response.	Nicotine	145-153	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	115-117
33825493-8	2021	The PG:GLY with freebase nicotine exposure increased MUC5AC and Mucin 5, Subtype B (MUC5B) levels in hNECs from non-smokers, but the nicotine salt exposure did not.	Nicotine	25-33	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	64-82
33825493-8	2021	The PG:GLY with freebase nicotine exposure increased MUC5AC and Mucin 5, Subtype B (MUC5B) levels in hNECs from non-smokers, but the nicotine salt exposure did not.	Nicotine	25-33	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	84-89
32778103-10	2020	They confirmed a relationship between nicotine content and discoloration characteristics of the tooth bleaching formulae set #2 + 10% carbamide peroxide.	Nicotine	38-46	SET domain containing 2, histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	121-127
32496556-6	2020	Nicotine skewed the polarity of microglia to the M2 phenotype, thereby increasing the secretion of IGF-1 and CCL20, which promoted tumor progression and stemness.	Nicotine	0-8	C-C motif chemokine ligand 20	Homo sapiens	109-114
32713396-0	2020	The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	53-61	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Homo sapiens	16-49
31867628-0	2020	Genetic and epigenetic analysis revealing variants in the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster associated significantly with nicotine dependence in Chinese Han smokers.	Nicotine	119-127	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12	Homo sapiens	64-69
31867628-0	2020	Genetic and epigenetic analysis revealing variants in the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster associated significantly with nicotine dependence in Chinese Han smokers.	Nicotine	119-127	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	76-80
33782217-9	2021	Immunoreactivity in nicotine group revealed an increase in neuronal alpha-synuclein, reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme, an increase in caspase 3 and ultrastructure changes suggestive of neuronal apopto.	Nicotine	20-28	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
15094204-7	2004	ORFs7-9 have counterparts in the cox (CO oxidizing system) and nic (nicotine degradation) gene clusters.	Nicotine	68-76	hypothetical protein	Pseudomonas putida	0-7
33422618-5	2021	Intrathecal administration of nicotine and the alpha7-specific agonist, PHA543613, produced analgesic responses to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli in tmem35a KO mice, respectively, suggesting residual expression of these receptors or off-target effects.	Nicotine	30-38	transmembrane protein 35A	Mus musculus	154-161
33603170-0	2021	Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	56-64	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
33603170-3	2021	Here we report that nicotine enhances ESCC cancer malignancy and tumor-initiating capacity by interacting with cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) and subsequently activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	199-203
31925927-6	2020	RESULTS: Nicotine inhibits the increase in TXNIP and the decrease in Insulin 1/proinsulin expression levels induced by either forced IRE1alpha hyperactivation or ER stress agents.	Nicotine	9-17	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	133-142
31925927-7	2020	Nicotine attenuated X-box-binding protein-1 mRNA site-specific splicing and IRE1alpha autophosphorylation induced by ER stress.	Nicotine	0-8	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	76-85
31925927-10	2020	Finally, nicotine suppressed apoptosis induced by either forced IRE1alpha activation or ER stress agents.	Nicotine	9-17	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	64-73
32552811-8	2020	Moreover, MMP12 was increased significantly in male mice exposed to PG with or without nicotine in a nAChRalpha7-dependent manner.	Nicotine	87-95	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Mus musculus	10-15
14657192-8	2004	Nicotine also modulates TRPV1 receptors inducing a several-fold increase in capsaicin-activated currents in both TG neurons and in cells with heterologously expressed TRPV1 receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
32350104-0	2020	COVID-19 and nicotine as a mediator of ACE-2.	Nicotine	13-21	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
32702718-8	2020	Moreover, MMP12 was increased significantly in male mice exposed to PG with or without nicotine in a nAChR alpha7-dependent manner.	Nicotine	87-95	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Mus musculus	10-15
33546289-5	2021	We found that body weight loss after nicotine treatment is associated with a down-regulation of the kappaOR endogenous ligand dynorphin precursor and with a marked reduction in kappaOR signaling and the p70 S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 (S6K/rpS6) pathway in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).	Nicotine	37-45	ribosomal protein S6	Mus musculus	243-247
33706940-0	2021	Effects of nicotine on DARPP-32 and CaMKII signaling relevant to addiction.	Nicotine	11-19	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	36-42
33706940-4	2021	Specifically, we review the roles of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phospho-protein of 32kDa (DARPP-32) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in nicotine-dependent behaviors.	Nicotine	154-162	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	106-141
33706940-4	2021	Specifically, we review the roles of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phospho-protein of 32kDa (DARPP-32) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in nicotine-dependent behaviors.	Nicotine	154-162	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	143-149
14657192-8	2004	Nicotine also modulates TRPV1 receptors inducing a several-fold increase in capsaicin-activated currents in both TG neurons and in cells with heterologously expressed TRPV1 receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	167-172
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	154-162	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
33058734-0	2021	Cigarette Smoke and Nicotine-Containing Electronic-Cigarette Vapor Downregulate Lung WWOX Expression, Which Is Associated with Increased Severity of Murine Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.	Nicotine	20-28	WW domain-containing oxidoreductase	Mus musculus	85-89
32238438-10	2020	Moreover, we predict that nicotine exposure through various kinds of smoking (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, or vape) can increase the risk for COVID19 neuroinfection based on known functional interactions between the nicotinic receptor and ACE2.	Nicotine	26-34	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	245-249
14668077-0	2003	Does the DRD2-Taq1 A polymorphism influence treatment response to bupropion hydrochloride for reduction of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome?	Nicotine	111-119	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	9-13
32184221-0	2020	beta4-nicotinic receptors are critically involved in reward-related behaviors and self-regulation of nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	101-109	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-5
32184221-2	2020	Human genome-wide association studies have linked polymorphisms in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, coding for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4nAChR subunits, to nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-84
32184221-3	2020	beta4*nAChRs have been implicated in nicotine withdrawal, aversion and reinforcement.	Nicotine	37-45	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-5
32184221-11	2020	These data indicate that beta4 is a critical modulator of reward-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human genetic studies have provided strong evidence for a relationship between variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	240-248	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	25-30
32184221-11	2020	These data indicate that beta4 is a critical modulator of reward-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human genetic studies have provided strong evidence for a relationship between variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	240-248	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-215
32184221-14	2020	Deletion of the beta4 subunit gene resulted in an addiction-related phenotype characterized by low anxiety, high novelty-induced response, lack of sensitivity to palatable food rewards and increased intracranial nicotine self-administration at high doses.	Nicotine	212-220	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	16-21
32184221-15	2020	Lentiviral vector-induced re-expression of the beta4 subunit into either the MHb or IPN restored a "stop" signal on nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	116-124	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	47-52
32035118-10	2020	Prior treatment with sub-effective doses of alpha-MSH or NDP-MSH potentiated the reward effect of nicotine, but was attenuated by HS014.	Nicotine	98-106	norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
33058734-4	2021	Exposure to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor resulted in an average 57% decrease in WWOX mRNA levels relative to vehicle-treated controls.	Nicotine	12-20	WW domain-containing oxidoreductase	Mus musculus	89-93
33321327-8	2021	Nicotine promoted pyroptosis in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by increased expression of cleaved Caspase1, NLRP3, IL-1beta, IL-18, and elevated LDH release.	Nicotine	0-8	caspase 1	Mus musculus	96-104
33321327-8	2021	Nicotine promoted pyroptosis in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by increased expression of cleaved Caspase1, NLRP3, IL-1beta, IL-18, and elevated LDH release.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	123-128
33459225-10	2021	It is important to mention that some natural compounds such as magnolol, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone IIA, and nicotine have also demonstrated the potential to increase the activity or expression of ACE-2, and could therefore aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Nicotine	123-131	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	211-216
32927162-11	2021	In addition, nicotine-inhibited CD69-CD4+SP cells and the Bcl10/p-p65 pathway have been reversed by an autophagy inhibitor.	Nicotine	13-21	CD69 antigen	Mus musculus	32-36
33082140-6	2020	In contrast, nicotine reduced miR-98 levels in LFs in vitro and in lung homogenates in vivo.	Nicotine	13-21	microRNA 98	Mus musculus	30-36
33082140-9	2020	Taken together, these findings demonstrate that nicotine-induced increases in NGF and other markers of airway remodeling are negatively regulated by miR-98.	Nicotine	48-56	microRNA 98	Mus musculus	149-155
31647945-7	2020	The PCC-lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity correlated with nicotine dependence severity.	Nicotine	74-82	crystallin gamma D	Homo sapiens	4-7
14668077-2	2003	Bupropion is a weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and individual genetic variation in the dopamine D2 receptor has been associated with nicotine dependence in case-control studies.	Nicotine	135-143	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	89-109
14668077-7	2003	These data suggest that bupropion attenuates specific symptoms of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome and that this effect may be modified by genotype for the dopamine D2 receptor.	Nicotine	70-78	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	156-176
33489570-0	2020	Mandatory Nicotine Cessation for Elective Orthopedic Hip Procedures Results in Reduction in Postoperative Nicotine Use.	Nicotine	10-18	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	53-56
14623374-0	2003	Nicotinic receptor-mediated regulation of the dopamine transporter in rat prefrontocortical slices following chronic in vivo administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	46-66
33489570-0	2020	Mandatory Nicotine Cessation for Elective Orthopedic Hip Procedures Results in Reduction in Postoperative Nicotine Use.	Nicotine	106-114	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	53-56
33033170-7	2020	Further, we have shown possible interactions between nicotine/smoking and ACE2 in the lungs and brain which could aggravate the transmission and pathobiology of COVID-19 resulting in a poor disease outcome.	Nicotine	53-61	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
33033170-9	2020	It focuses on the potential negative impact of tobacco and nicotine exposure on the outcomes of this disease by interaction with the ACE2 receptor.	Nicotine	59-67	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
33329709-0	2020	Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of Drug Transporter ABCB1 (MDR1) and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP2A6, CYP2B6 on Nicotine Addiction and Smoking Cessation.	Nicotine	112-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	102-108
33230755-7	2020	SBP/DBP increased in most nicotine e-cig arms, in some non-nicotine e-cig arms, and in none of the placebo arms.	Nicotine	26-34	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
31933163-0	2020	Nicotine Suppresses the Invasiveness of Human Trophoblasts by Downregulation of CXCL12 Expression through the Alpha-7 Subunit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	80-86
31933163-10	2020	Nicotine downregulated CXCL12 expression and inhibited trophoblast invasion.	Nicotine	0-8	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	23-29
31933163-12	2020	CXCL12 could rescue the nicotine-induced inhibitory effect on invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells.	Nicotine	24-32	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	0-6
32190681-9	2020	Results: After nicotine exposure, alveolar mean linear intercept (MLI) increased, but mean alveolar number (MAN) decreased and lung PPARgamma level decreased, but glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and serum corticosterone (Cort) levels increased, in line with the known PNE-induced lung phenotype.	Nicotine	15-23	cortistatin	Homo sapiens	218-222
32190681-10	2020	In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased.	Nicotine	7-15	cortistatin	Homo sapiens	167-171
32190681-13	2020	In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased.	Nicotine	7-15	cortistatin	Homo sapiens	167-171
33230755-9	2020	The use of e-cigs with and without nicotine may result in short-term elevations of both SBP and DBP.	Nicotine	35-43	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
14575895-0	2003	Effect of nicotine on the expression of leptin and forebrain leptin receptors in the rat.	Nicotine	10-18	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
33328880-12	2020	Taken together, our findings suggest that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced HT-22 cell injury through activating the alpha7-nAChR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, which indicates that nicotine may be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.	Nicotine	176-184	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	129-135
31125123-2	2020	We report that VPS33B was downregulated in dextran sulfate sodium/azoxymethane (DSS/AOM) -induced CRC mice models and nicotine-treated CRC cells via the PI3K/AKT/c-Jun pathway.	Nicotine	118-126	vacuolar protein sorting 33B	Mus musculus	15-21
31733321-10	2020	During short-term nicotine exposure, glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), GAD65, and mu-opioid receptors (MOR) up-regulated.	Nicotine	18-26	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-63
14575895-0	2003	Effect of nicotine on the expression of leptin and forebrain leptin receptors in the rat.	Nicotine	10-18	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
31733321-10	2020	During short-term nicotine exposure, glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), GAD65, and mu-opioid receptors (MOR) up-regulated.	Nicotine	18-26	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
31733321-13	2020	In long-term nicotine exposure, the expression of GAD67, MOR, and GABA decreased.	Nicotine	13-21	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
31733321-17	2020	Nicotine appears to alter pain sensitivity by affecting the expression of GAD65, GAD67, MOR, endorphins, and GABA.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
33173933-5	2020	We instrument the maternal decision to smoke during pregnancy with a genetic variant (rs1051730) located in the nicotine receptor gene CHRNA3.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-141
33182055-7	2020	RESULTS: RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the expression of YAP1/TAZ and Notch1/Dll1 was upregulated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	74-78
33114531-14	2020	The results indicated that alpha7nAChR, IRE1alpha, LC3 and NLRP6 expression in kidney sections was markedly increased in the nicotine groups.	Nicotine	125-133	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	40-49
31658113-0	2020	A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Nicotine Mint Lozenge (2 and 4 mg) in Smoking Cessation.	Nicotine	126-134	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	135-139
31658113-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy in smoking cessation and safety of 2 and 4 mg nicotine mint lozenges in Chinese adult smokers.	Nicotine	82-90	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	91-95
14575895-3	2003	Since there exists a coregulation between these neuropeptides and the protein leptin, the present study was undertaken to determine whether nicotine has a regulatory effect on leptin signaling.	Nicotine	140-148	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	176-182
14575895-4	2003	Under the same experimental regimen used previously, we found that nicotine down-regulates plasma leptin concentration by 48.8% (P&lt;0.001) and leptin RNA level by 11.4% and 12.4%, respectively, in the perirenal and epididymal white adipose tissue (PWAT, EWAT) compared to the saline controls.	Nicotine	67-75	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	98-104
31633584-8	2020	In EC-PVAT- depleted of CGRP via capsaicin, nicotine- and TNS-induced vasorelaxation was almost absent.	Nicotine	44-52	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
33525222-8	2020	As to smoking, nicotine activation of nicotinic receptors leads to enhanced protease activation, apoptosis and inflammatory signaling through the same pathways (Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)) used by the virus increasing the inflammatory/destructive action of the virus itself.	Nicotine	15-23	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	196-227
33525222-8	2020	As to smoking, nicotine activation of nicotinic receptors leads to enhanced protease activation, apoptosis and inflammatory signaling through the same pathways (Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)) used by the virus increasing the inflammatory/destructive action of the virus itself.	Nicotine	15-23	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	229-233
14575895-4	2003	Under the same experimental regimen used previously, we found that nicotine down-regulates plasma leptin concentration by 48.8% (P&lt;0.001) and leptin RNA level by 11.4% and 12.4%, respectively, in the perirenal and epididymal white adipose tissue (PWAT, EWAT) compared to the saline controls.	Nicotine	67-75	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	145-151
32738308-4	2020	The nAChRs that contain the alpha4 and beta2 subunits, often in combination with the alpha6 subunit, are particularly important for nicotine"s ability to increase midbrain dopamine neuron firing rates and phasic burst firing.	Nicotine	132-140	proteasome subunit alpha type-1-B	Nicotiana tabacum	85-91
14575895-7	2003	Subsequent radioligand binding assays indicated that nicotine also significantly increased leptin binding in ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMA), medial basal hypothalamic area (MBA), arcuate nucleus/median eminence, paraventricular nuclei and piriform cortex.	Nicotine	53-61	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	91-97
14575895-8	2003	Taken together, our results revealed that nicotine is involved in the regulation of leptin signaling, suggesting that leptin and its receptor play a role in the anorectic effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight in rats.	Nicotine	42-50	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
31694445-11	2020	NQ-treated animals conditioned to nicotine resulted in an increase of NAcc GDNF, but this was eliminated by CGS 21680.	Nicotine	34-42	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
14575895-8	2003	Taken together, our results revealed that nicotine is involved in the regulation of leptin signaling, suggesting that leptin and its receptor play a role in the anorectic effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight in rats.	Nicotine	42-50	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
14575895-8	2003	Taken together, our results revealed that nicotine is involved in the regulation of leptin signaling, suggesting that leptin and its receptor play a role in the anorectic effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight in rats.	Nicotine	182-190	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
32568759-0	2020	Partial and full deletion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 and beta2 subunits reduces sensitivity to acute nicotine administration and development of tolerance following chronic nicotine administration.	Nicotine	117-125	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	73-78
32568759-0	2020	Partial and full deletion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 and beta2 subunits reduces sensitivity to acute nicotine administration and development of tolerance following chronic nicotine administration.	Nicotine	188-196	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	73-78
14575895-8	2003	Taken together, our results revealed that nicotine is involved in the regulation of leptin signaling, suggesting that leptin and its receptor play a role in the anorectic effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight in rats.	Nicotine	182-190	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
32568759-3	2020	Deletion or partial deletion of the alpha4, beta2 or both nAChR subunits reduced the sensitivity of mice to acute nicotine administration.	Nicotine	114-122	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	44-49
33052306-0	2020	Comparative docking studies to understand the binding affinity of nicotine with soluble ACE2 (sACE2)-SARS-CoV-2 complex over sACE2.	Nicotine	66-74	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
14570768-9	2003	The glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by heterologously expressed UGT1A3, UGT1A4, and UGT1A9 was also determined.	Nicotine	23-31	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	93-99
14570768-12	2003	Interestingly, when expressed per UGT1A protein, measured by a UGT1A specific antibody, cell lysate from V79-expressed UGT1A9 catalyzed nicotine glucuronidation at a rate 17-fold greater than did UGT1A9 Supersomes.	Nicotine	136-144	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	34-39
33335768-0	2020	IRF8 is crucial for the nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia in mice.	Nicotine	24-32	interferon regulatory factor 8	Mus musculus	0-4
33335768-2	2020	However, whether and how IRF8 can regulate the nicotine withdrawal (NTW)-induced hyperalgesia has not been clarified.	Nicotine	47-55	interferon regulatory factor 8	Mus musculus	25-29
31776253-0	2019	beta2* nAChRs on VTA dopamine and GABA neurons separately mediate nicotine aversion and reward.	Nicotine	66-74	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	0-5
14570768-12	2003	Interestingly, when expressed per UGT1A protein, measured by a UGT1A specific antibody, cell lysate from V79-expressed UGT1A9 catalyzed nicotine glucuronidation at a rate 17-fold greater than did UGT1A9 Supersomes.	Nicotine	136-144	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	63-68
31776253-2	2019	beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are necessary and sufficient for the experience of both nicotine reward and aversion in an intra-VTA (ventral tegmental area) self-administration paradigm.	Nicotine	105-113	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	0-5
32894161-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that YAP1 enhances nicotine-stimulated EMT and tumor progression of PDAC through a HIF1A/YAP1 positive feedback loop.	Nicotine	55-63	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	125-129
14570768-12	2003	Interestingly, when expressed per UGT1A protein, measured by a UGT1A specific antibody, cell lysate from V79-expressed UGT1A9 catalyzed nicotine glucuronidation at a rate 17-fold greater than did UGT1A9 Supersomes.	Nicotine	136-144	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	119-125
32473187-4	2020	The senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) assay showed that nicotine exposure induced apparent senescence phenotype of beta-TC-6 cells at an initiating dose of 100 muM and starting from 12 h. In addition, 100 and 500 muM of nicotine exposure altered the expression of senescence marker proteins, such as p16, p19 and p21.	Nicotine	77-85	interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19	Mus musculus	326-329
32673702-3	2021	Nicotine administration by both routes enhanced angiogenesis within the hematoma-affected regions, as revealed by increased CD31-immunopositive area at 7 and 14 d after ICH.	Nicotine	0-8	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	124-128
32673702-4	2021	Double immunofluorescence histochemistry against CD31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen revealed that nicotine increased the number of newly generated vascular endothelial cells within the hematoma.	Nicotine	107-115	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	49-53
32552811-6	2020	Sub-chronic e-cig exposure with nicotine increased inflammatory cellular influx of macrophages and T-lymphocytes including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased SARS-Cov-2 Covid-19 ACE2 receptor, whereas nAChRalpha7 KO mice show reduced inflammatory responses associated with decreased ACE2 receptor.	Nicotine	32-40	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	202-206
31689122-0	2020	Nicotine-upregulated miR-30a arrests cell cycle in G1 phase by directly targeting CCNE2 in human periodontal ligament cells.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 30a	Homo sapiens	21-28
31689122-0	2020	Nicotine-upregulated miR-30a arrests cell cycle in G1 phase by directly targeting CCNE2 in human periodontal ligament cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin E2	Homo sapiens	82-87
31689122-4	2020	Therefore, we investigated whether nicotine-upregulated miR-30a inhibited the proliferation of human PDL cells by downregulating cyclin E2 (CCNE2) in vitro.	Nicotine	35-43	microRNA 30a	Homo sapiens	56-63
31733211-4	2019	The confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that mice treated with nicotine exhibited disrupted inter-endothelial tight junctions as shown by decreased ZO-1 and ZO-2 expression in the coronary arterial endothelium, whereas the decreases in ZO-1/2 were prevented by Nlrp3 gene deficiency.	Nicotine	70-78	tight junction protein 2	Mus musculus	164-168
31733211-5	2019	In cultured endothelial cells, nicotine caused Nlrp3 inflammasome complex formation and enhances the inflammasome activity as shown by increased cleavage of pro-caspase-1, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production.	Nicotine	31-39	caspase 1	Mus musculus	161-170
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	9-17	caspase 1	Mus musculus	193-202
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	9-17	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	219-244
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	9-17	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	246-251
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	113-121	caspase 1	Mus musculus	193-202
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	113-121	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	219-244
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	113-121	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	246-251
31920673-3	2019	This study sought to elucidate the role of angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors in cardiac injury resulting from prolonged nicotine administration in a rat model.	Nicotine	124-132	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
31553625-13	2019	These findings suggest that perinatal nicotine-mediated alteration of AKT/GSK-3beta/mTOR signaling plays a key role in down-regulation of autophagic flux, which contributes to the development of hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain.	Nicotine	38-46	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
31525533-8	2019	Our data showed that nicotine upregulated Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2, and downregulated ASK1 in 4NQO-induced OLK in mice, at least in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	21-29	GTP binding protein 4	Mus musculus	47-53
31525533-9	2019	The modulations of Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1 by nicotine were also found in OLK smokers compared to OLK non-smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	GTP binding protein 4	Mus musculus	24-30
31525533-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may promote OLK development via regulating Prx1 binding proteins Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1.	Nicotine	12-20	DIRAS family GTPase 2	Homo sapiens	99-105
31129809-3	2019	Since reward signaling is mediated by dopamine receptors, we hypothesized that the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), in part, mediates the synaptic modulation of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in addition to dopamine D1 receptor.	Nicotine	156-164	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	223-243
31689122-4	2020	Therefore, we investigated whether nicotine-upregulated miR-30a inhibited the proliferation of human PDL cells by downregulating cyclin E2 (CCNE2) in vitro.	Nicotine	35-43	cyclin E2	Homo sapiens	129-138
31689122-4	2020	Therefore, we investigated whether nicotine-upregulated miR-30a inhibited the proliferation of human PDL cells by downregulating cyclin E2 (CCNE2) in vitro.	Nicotine	35-43	cyclin E2	Homo sapiens	140-145
31689122-5	2020	Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that nicotine upregulated the expression of miR-30a in human PDL cells.	Nicotine	50-58	microRNA 30a	Homo sapiens	89-96
31689122-7	2020	To support this hypothesis, we showed that nicotine downregulated the expression of CCNE2 in human PDL cells, whereas inhibition of miR-30a restored CCNE2 expression that were downregulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	43-51	cyclin E2	Homo sapiens	84-89
31689122-7	2020	To support this hypothesis, we showed that nicotine downregulated the expression of CCNE2 in human PDL cells, whereas inhibition of miR-30a restored CCNE2 expression that were downregulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	193-201	microRNA 30a	Homo sapiens	132-139
31689122-7	2020	To support this hypothesis, we showed that nicotine downregulated the expression of CCNE2 in human PDL cells, whereas inhibition of miR-30a restored CCNE2 expression that were downregulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	193-201	cyclin E2	Homo sapiens	149-154
31739571-2	2019	Nicotine biosynthesis is controlled developmentally and can be induced by abiotic and biotic stressors via a jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated signal transduction mechanism involving members of the APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) families.	Nicotine	0-8	ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3-like	Nicotiana tabacum	230-237
31739571-4	2019	Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the tobacco NtERF32, NtERF221/ORC1, and NtMYC2a TFs leads to significant increases in nicotine accumulation in T2 transgenic K326 tobacco plants before topping.	Nicotine	130-138	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2	Nicotiana tabacum	56-63
31170808-0	2019	Electronic Cigarette Vapor with Nicotine Causes Airway Mucociliary Dysfunction Preferentially via TRPA1 Receptors.	Nicotine	32-40	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Ovis aries	98-103
31170808-7	2019	Acute nicotine exposure increased intracellular calcium levels, an effect primarily dependent on transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1).	Nicotine	6-14	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Ovis aries	97-135
31689122-9	2020	In conclusion, these findings indicate that nicotine-upregulated miR-30a inhibits the proliferation of human PDL cells by downregulating the expression of CCNE2.	Nicotine	44-52	microRNA 30a	Homo sapiens	65-72
31689122-9	2020	In conclusion, these findings indicate that nicotine-upregulated miR-30a inhibits the proliferation of human PDL cells by downregulating the expression of CCNE2.	Nicotine	44-52	cyclin E2	Homo sapiens	155-160
31170808-7	2019	Acute nicotine exposure increased intracellular calcium levels, an effect primarily dependent on transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1).	Nicotine	6-14	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Ovis aries	137-142
14570768-12	2003	Interestingly, when expressed per UGT1A protein, measured by a UGT1A specific antibody, cell lysate from V79-expressed UGT1A9 catalyzed nicotine glucuronidation at a rate 17-fold greater than did UGT1A9 Supersomes.	Nicotine	136-144	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	196-202
31170808-8	2019	TRPA1 inhibition with A967079 restored nicotine-mediated impairment of mucociliary parameters including mucus transport in vitro.	Nicotine	39-47	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Ovis aries	0-5
31170808-13	2019	Furthermore, they suggest that the main nicotine effect on mucociliary function is mediated by TRPA1 and not nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	40-48	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Ovis aries	95-100
14570768-15	2003	Both propofol, a UGT1A9 substrate, and imipramine, a UGT1A4 substrate, inhibited the glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by human liver microsomes.	Nicotine	104-112	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	17-23
14570768-16	2003	Taken together, these data support a role for both UGT1A9 and UGT1A4 in the catalysis of nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidation.	Nicotine	89-97	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	51-57
14622152-0	2003	Potentiation of evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide release from oral mucosa: a potential basis for the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	135-143	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	23-54
31578682-0	2019	Nicotine increased VEGF and MMP2 levels in the rat eye and kidney.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
31578682-4	2019	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on VEGF and MMP2 levels in kidney and eyes, where microcirculation is very important for their function.	Nicotine	55-63	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
31578682-7	2019	The VEGF and MMP2 levels were increased in kidney tissue of both genders as a result of given nicotine.	Nicotine	94-102	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
31578682-10	2019	The use of nicotine made VEGF and MMP2 levels increase in kidney tissue in both genders of rats.	Nicotine	11-19	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
31637050-8	2019	However, Rap1 protein was elevated and CREB phosphorylation was reduced in female nicotine place conditioning mice.	Nicotine	82-90	RAS-related protein 1a	Mus musculus	9-13
14622152-2	2003	In many tissues, nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), has been shown to increase the release of the pro-inflammatory mediator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) thereby potentially contributing to neurogenic inflammation.	Nicotine	17-25	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	158-189
31152077-6	2019	Nicotine treatment reduced mechanical allodynia, cartilage degradation, and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a hallmark of joint inflammation in OA, in mice treated with monosodium iodoacetate.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	96-122
14622152-2	2003	In many tissues, nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), has been shown to increase the release of the pro-inflammatory mediator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) thereby potentially contributing to neurogenic inflammation.	Nicotine	17-25	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
31152077-6	2019	Nicotine treatment reduced mechanical allodynia, cartilage degradation, and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a hallmark of joint inflammation in OA, in mice treated with monosodium iodoacetate.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	124-129
14622152-3	2003	The purpose of the present studies was to determine the effects of nicotine and other nAChR agonists on capsaicin-evoked immunoreactive CGRP (iCGRP) release from rat buccal mucosa and to identify a potential cellular basis for these effects.	Nicotine	67-75	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
31152077-8	2019	In RAW264.7 cells and murine primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, nicotine significantly inhibited MMP-9 production induced by LPS.	Nicotine	70-78	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	103-108
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	219-224
14568117-5	2003	In addition, a 12h treatment with nicotine increased mRNA levels of trkA.	Nicotine	34-42	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	177-185	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	219-224
14568117-7	2003	However, the blockage of the trkA receptor prevented nicotine-mediated anti-apoptotic effects.	Nicotine	53-61	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
12742361-7	2003	In conclusion, high doses of nicotine induce myotube atrophy and decrease of the expression of intermediate filaments, whereas relatively low doses of nicotine (G2 and G5) induce an early decrease of vimentin expression with no myofiber atrophy.	Nicotine	151-159	vimentin	Rattus norvegicus	200-208
30117237-0	2019	Circulating orexin changes during withdrawal are associated with nicotine craving and risk for smoking relapse.	Nicotine	65-73	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	12-18
30117237-2	2019	Considering its role in modulating nicotine-related reward, we predicted that a reduction in circulating orexin during withdrawal would be associated with increased craving and risk for smoking relapse.	Nicotine	35-43	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	105-111
31092012-12	2019	Conclusions- Nicotine induces ONOO-, which selectively inhibits SIRT1 resulting in a YAP-mediated ECM remodeling.	Nicotine	13-21	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	85-88
31118684-4	2019	In addition, we established a mouse model to confirm the roles of nicotine in regulating Ets1/Prx1/EMT signaling in OSCC metastasis.	Nicotine	66-74	E26 avian leukemia oncogene 1, 5' domain	Mus musculus	89-93
30836163-12	2019	Furthermore, phosphorylation of 4EBP1 induced by nicotine has been shown to cause dissociation of 4EBP1/eIF4E and eIF4E may serve as a promising determinant of nicotine activity in vitro.	Nicotine	160-168	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	114-119
12618462-0	2003	Sequence of the 165-kilobase catabolic plasmid pAO1 from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and identification of a pAO1-dependent nicotine uptake system.	Nicotine	124-132	spermine oxidase	Homo sapiens	47-51
30467710-1	2019	We have previously shown that the chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372) inhibits nicotine-induced secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	110-118	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	34-48
30467710-1	2019	We have previously shown that the chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372) inhibits nicotine-induced secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	110-118	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
30467710-5	2019	Nicotine or CST alone increased expression of CgA protein and together elicited an additional increase in CgA protein, implying that nicotine and CST utilize separate signaling pathways to activate CgA expression.	Nicotine	0-8	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
30467710-5	2019	Nicotine or CST alone increased expression of CgA protein and together elicited an additional increase in CgA protein, implying that nicotine and CST utilize separate signaling pathways to activate CgA expression.	Nicotine	0-8	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
12618462-0	2003	Sequence of the 165-kilobase catabolic plasmid pAO1 from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and identification of a pAO1-dependent nicotine uptake system.	Nicotine	124-132	spermine oxidase	Homo sapiens	109-113
30467710-5	2019	Nicotine or CST alone increased expression of CgA protein and together elicited an additional increase in CgA protein, implying that nicotine and CST utilize separate signaling pathways to activate CgA expression.	Nicotine	0-8	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
30467710-5	2019	Nicotine or CST alone increased expression of CgA protein and together elicited an additional increase in CgA protein, implying that nicotine and CST utilize separate signaling pathways to activate CgA expression.	Nicotine	133-141	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
12618462-1	2003	The 165-kb catabolic plasmid pAO1 enables the gram-positive soil bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans to grow on the tobacco alkaloid L-nicotine.	Nicotine	135-145	spermine oxidase	Homo sapiens	29-33
30467710-5	2019	Nicotine or CST alone increased expression of CgA protein and together elicited an additional increase in CgA protein, implying that nicotine and CST utilize separate signaling pathways to activate CgA expression.	Nicotine	133-141	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
30467710-5	2019	Nicotine or CST alone increased expression of CgA protein and together elicited an additional increase in CgA protein, implying that nicotine and CST utilize separate signaling pathways to activate CgA expression.	Nicotine	133-141	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
12618462-4	2003	pAO1 conferred to A. nicotinovorans the ability to take up L-[(14)C]nicotine from the medium, with an K(m) of 5.6 +/- 2.2 micro M. ORFs of putative nicotine transporters formed a cluster with the gene of the D-nicotine-specific 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase.	Nicotine	68-76	spermine oxidase	Homo sapiens	0-4
30467710-8	2019	Co-treatment of CST with nicotine or PACAP increased quantal size, plausibly due to increased synthesis of CgA, CgB and SgII by CST.	Nicotine	25-33	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
12494400-7	2003	In addition, nicotine challenge decreased preprodynorphin and preprotachykinin mRNA levels in naive rats, but only preprotachykinin mRNA levels in rats pretreated with nicotine.	Nicotine	13-21	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	42-57
30831442-3	2019	The role of orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) in the regulation of NAcc neural activity in response to nicotine has not yet been studied.	Nicotine	94-102	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-29
30831442-3	2019	The role of orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) in the regulation of NAcc neural activity in response to nicotine has not yet been studied.	Nicotine	94-102	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
12538809-0	2003	Chronic nicotine treatment leads to sustained stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	61-81
30831442-4	2019	Hence, in this study, we examined whether the OX2R antagonist (TCS-OX2-29) can adjust the effects of nicotine on electrical activity of NAcc neurons, in urethane-anesthetized rats, using the single unit recording.	Nicotine	101-109	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
30831442-9	2019	CONCLUSION: Our results showed that, although OX2R blockade alone did not affect neuronal activity in the NAcc, it was able to prevent the exciting effects of nicotine on NAcc neuronal activity.	Nicotine	159-167	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
12538809-2	2003	In previous reports, we have studied the mechanisms by which short-term nicotine treatment regulates tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	72-80	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	101-121
12538809-2	2003	In previous reports, we have studied the mechanisms by which short-term nicotine treatment regulates tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	72-80	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	123-125
30984342-6	2019	The results of the TUNEL assay and western blot experiments showed that the block of alpha3beta4-nAChRs abrogated nicotine-mediated protection of NRC from CVB3-induced apoptosis, and this effect displayed a substantial correlation with the protein expressions of pAkt, survivin, and Cleaved Caspase-3.	Nicotine	114-122	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	269-277
12538809-3	2003	In this report, we study the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on adrenal TH gene expression.	Nicotine	48-56	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	78-80
30984342-8	2019	As a result, nicotine-mediated induction of pAkt and survivin was abolished by LY294002; meanwhile, apoptotic NRC were increased accompanied by an increase of Cleaved Caspase-3 expression.	Nicotine	13-21	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	53-61
12538809-5	2003	Chronic nicotine treatment elicited long-lasting, dose-dependent increases in the levels of adrenal TH mRNA, TH protein, and TH activity.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	100-102
12538809-5	2003	Chronic nicotine treatment elicited long-lasting, dose-dependent increases in the levels of adrenal TH mRNA, TH protein, and TH activity.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	109-111
12538809-5	2003	Chronic nicotine treatment elicited long-lasting, dose-dependent increases in the levels of adrenal TH mRNA, TH protein, and TH activity.	Nicotine	8-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	109-111
12538809-6	2003	In contrast, a single injection of nicotine elicited only a small increase in adrenal TH mRNA levels, which was transient and did not result in the induction of TH enzyme.	Nicotine	35-43	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	86-88
30798915-11	2019	Various compounds that accelerate emergence from anesthesia, thus mitigating problematic effects associated with delayed emergence such as delirium, also activate AMPK (e.g. nicotine, caffeine, forskolin, carbachol).	Nicotine	174-182	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
30798915-14	2019	Because AMPK activators including metformin and nicotine promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells located in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus, AMPK activation may also enhance brain repair and promote potential recovery from disorders of consciousness (i.e. minimally conscious state, vegetative state, coma).	Nicotine	48-56	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
30683315-6	2019	PTCH1 and beta-TrCP were down-regulated in nicotine treated mice Leydig cells, while GSK3beta, Gli2 and Gli2 fragments increased significantly.	Nicotine	43-51	beta-transducin repeat containing protein	Mus musculus	10-19
12538809-9	2003	These results demonstrate that repeated nicotine injections administered chronically over 1 to 2 weeks lead to sustained stimulation of the TH gene and consequent induction of TH gene expression in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	40-48	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	140-142
30683315-7	2019	Nicotine stimulated the destabilization of Gli2 via beta-TrCP induced ubiquitination and degradation.	Nicotine	0-8	beta-transducin repeat containing protein	Mus musculus	52-61
12538809-9	2003	These results demonstrate that repeated nicotine injections administered chronically over 1 to 2 weeks lead to sustained stimulation of the TH gene and consequent induction of TH gene expression in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	40-48	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	176-178
12527802-6	2003	In outside-out patches, nicotine activated brief 60- and 80-pS single nAChR channel events, and mixed-duration 25- and 40-pS nAChR events.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Gallus gallus	70-75
30662354-4	2019	Therefore, in this research, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of FGF21 in VC induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) treatment rats.	Nicotine	116-124	fibroblast growth factor 21	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
12527804-5	2003	Overnight treatment with nicotine increased the number of nAChRs and increased the proportion of the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) stoichiometry.	Nicotine	25-33	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	113-118
12472891-6	2002	L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) antagonists, calmodulin antagonist, and Ca2+/calmudulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) inhibitor prevented the nicotine-induced Akt phosphorylation.	Nicotine	166-174	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
30472464-8	2019	Further, the smoking cessation agents, nicotine, varenicline and cytisine increased activation of mutant (alpha4)3(beta2)2 receptors, while only nicotine increased activation of mutant (alpha4)2(beta2)3 receptors.	Nicotine	39-47	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	106-120
12244045-2	2002	In this study we provide evidence that nicotine stimulation of alpha7 nAChR transduces signals to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt via Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in a cascade, which results in neuroprotection.	Nicotine	39-47	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	140-154
12244045-2	2002	In this study we provide evidence that nicotine stimulation of alpha7 nAChR transduces signals to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt via Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in a cascade, which results in neuroprotection.	Nicotine	39-47	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	156-160
12244045-4	2002	This cascade is inhibited by nicotine through JAK2 activation, and these effects are blocked by preincubation with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490.	Nicotine	29-37	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
12244045-4	2002	This cascade is inhibited by nicotine through JAK2 activation, and these effects are blocked by preincubation with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490.	Nicotine	29-37	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
30533170-8	2018	Although, not actively producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) nicotine and cotinine inhibit catalase and glutathione reductase activity, contributing to an accumulation of ROS by cigarette smoke exposure.	Nicotine	63-71	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	106-127
12244045-5	2002	We also found that pretreatment of cells with angiotensin II blocks the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 via the AT(2) receptor and completely prevents alpha7 nAChR-mediated neuroprotective effects further suggesting a pivotal role for JAK2.	Nicotine	72-80	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
12244045-5	2002	We also found that pretreatment of cells with angiotensin II blocks the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 via the AT(2) receptor and completely prevents alpha7 nAChR-mediated neuroprotective effects further suggesting a pivotal role for JAK2.	Nicotine	72-80	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	239-243
12409526-0	2002	Perinatal nicotine attenuates the hypoxia-induced up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and galanin mRNA in locus ceruleus of the newborn mouse.	Nicotine	10-18	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	67-87
12065669-7	2002	Intracellular Ca2+ stores were implicated in both the initial and sustained nicotine-evoked Ca2+ responses, by the blockade observed after ryanodine (30 microm) and the inositoltriphosphate (IP3)-receptor antagonist, xestospongin-c (10 microm).	Nicotine	76-84	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	191-204
30222954-0	2018	Nicotine enhances alcoholic fatty liver in mice: Role of CYP2A5.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	57-63
11927835-6	2002	Those RI strains carrying the LS-like alpha4 RFLP were significantly more sensitive to the effects of nicotine on Y-maze crosses and rears, temperature and respiration and were less sensitive to the effects of nicotine on acoustic startle than those strains carrying the SS-like alpha4 RFLP.	Nicotine	102-110	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	38-44
30222954-2	2018	Nicotine can enhance alcoholic fatty liver, and CYP2A6 (CYP2A5 in mice), a major metabolism enzyme for nicotine, can be induced by alcohol.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	56-62
30222954-4	2018	The results showed that alcoholic fatty liver was enhanced by nicotine in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	74-80
30222954-5	2018	Combination of ethanol and nicotine increased serum triglyceride in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	68-74
30222954-6	2018	Cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, also enhanced alcoholic fatty liver, which was also observed in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	106-112
11927835-6	2002	Those RI strains carrying the LS-like alpha4 RFLP were significantly more sensitive to the effects of nicotine on Y-maze crosses and rears, temperature and respiration and were less sensitive to the effects of nicotine on acoustic startle than those strains carrying the SS-like alpha4 RFLP.	Nicotine	210-218	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	38-44
30114604-6	2018	Our results showed that the administration of nicotine reduced lung-tissue inflammation, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar fluid, allergen-specific IgE and IL-4 production, while it increased the TGF-beta/IL-4 ratio and the number of Treg cells.	Nicotine	46-54	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	207-215
30015910-7	2018	Nicotine upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC1, TRPC6 and Orai1, increased basal [Ca2+]i and enhanced SOCE.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	63-68
11927835-8	2002	These results suggest that genetically determined differences in sensitivity to nicotine may be explained, in part, by variability associated with at least two of the neuronal nicotinic receptor genes, alpha4 and alpha6.	Nicotine	80-88	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	202-219
29972271-7	2018	Simultaneously, nicotine induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis by modulating DeltaPsim via increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, altered Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, PARP expressions which were prevented by the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 .	Nicotine	16-24	collagen type XI alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	170-174
29603740-9	2018	RESULTS: In combination with cyclic tensile stress, nicotine prevented the tensile stress-induced increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, formation of mineralization nodules and the upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2, transcription factor Sp7 and collagen type I; however, canonical Wnt pathway was activated.	Nicotine	52-60	Sp7 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	290-293
29603740-10	2018	Furthermore, the addition of Dickkopf-related protein 1 and alpha-bungarotoxin counteracted the negative effect of nicotine and rescued the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, respectively.	Nicotine	115-123	dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	29-55
29551733-8	2018	We confirmed the role of the two main subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB1 and CB2, on stress- and nicotine-related behavioral changes in mice.	Nicotine	108-116	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	80-83
28585241-0	2018	Reduced alpha4 subunit expression in alpha4+- and alpha4+- /beta2+- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors alters alpha4beta2 subtype up-regulation following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	161-169	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	8-14
28585241-0	2018	Reduced alpha4 subunit expression in alpha4+- and alpha4+- /beta2+- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors alters alpha4beta2 subtype up-regulation following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	161-169	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	37-58
11751897-5	2002	Dose-dependent nicotine preconditioning for 24 h antagonizes agonist-initiated caspase cleavage of GluR1 through a mechanism that is coincident with desensitization of both nAChRalpha4beta2 and nAChRalpha7 receptors and the delayed activation of a caspase 8-like activity.	Nicotine	15-23	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	248-257
29215705-7	2018	Production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta by nicotine-treated fibroblasts was demonstrated to be crucial for promoting the EMT and cancer cell migration, and blocking of CTGF and TGF-beta in Nic-CM-suppressed tumor motility.	Nicotine	98-106	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-45
29215705-7	2018	Production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta by nicotine-treated fibroblasts was demonstrated to be crucial for promoting the EMT and cancer cell migration, and blocking of CTGF and TGF-beta in Nic-CM-suppressed tumor motility.	Nicotine	98-106	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
29215705-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine induced expressions of CTGF, and TGF-beta in fibroblasts as identified through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-dependent activation of the AKT/TAZ signaling mechanism.	Nicotine	10-18	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
29215713-0	2018	Nicotine increases colon cancer cell migration and invasion through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT): COX-2 involvement.	Nicotine	0-8	cox2	Nicotiana tabacum	112-117
29215713-3	2018	In both these cell lines, treatment with nicotine increased COX-2 expression and the release of its enzymatic product PGE2 .	Nicotine	41-49	cox2	Nicotiana tabacum	60-65
29215713-5	2018	Noticeably, all these effects are largely mediated by COX-2 activity, as simultaneous treatment of both cell lines with nicotine and NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, greatly reduced the number of migrating and invading cells and reverted nicotine-induced EMT.	Nicotine	120-128	cox2	Nicotiana tabacum	54-59
29215713-5	2018	Noticeably, all these effects are largely mediated by COX-2 activity, as simultaneous treatment of both cell lines with nicotine and NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, greatly reduced the number of migrating and invading cells and reverted nicotine-induced EMT.	Nicotine	120-128	cox2	Nicotiana tabacum	153-158
29215713-5	2018	Noticeably, all these effects are largely mediated by COX-2 activity, as simultaneous treatment of both cell lines with nicotine and NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, greatly reduced the number of migrating and invading cells and reverted nicotine-induced EMT.	Nicotine	242-250	cox2	Nicotiana tabacum	54-59
29215713-7	2018	Thereby, the use of COX-2 inhibitor drugs might likely counteract nicotine-mediated EMT effects on colon cancer development and progression.	Nicotine	66-74	cox2	Nicotiana tabacum	20-25
32365793-9	2020	The cytoprotective effect was demonstrated in HGF exposed to cytotoxic doses of nicotine; 300 microg/mL of both tested extracts decreased nicotine toxicity by approximately 20%.	Nicotine	80-88	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
11930168-4	2002	K+ and nicotine-mediated acetylcholine release was greater in GT1 cells.	Nicotine	7-15	retinoic acid induced 1	Mus musculus	62-65
32331221-5	2020	A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence.	Nicotine	84-92	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	223-238
32331221-5	2020	A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence.	Nicotine	84-92	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	240-244
32368126-0	2020	Nicotine-Free e-Cigarette Vapor Exposure Stimulates IL6 and Mucin Production in Human Primary Small Airway Epithelial Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	60-65
32368126-9	2020	Conclusion: Our results suggest that human small airway epithelial cells exposed to nicotine-free e-vapor increase the inflammatory response and mucin production, which may contribute to distal lung airflow limitation and airway obstruction.	Nicotine	84-92	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	145-150
29663646-6	2018	Among proteins with increased abundance levels due to nicotine treatment included those previously identified: APP, APLP2, and ITM2B.	Nicotine	54-62	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	116-121
29791746-1	2018	Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	161-181
29791746-1	2018	Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	183-187
29791746-1	2018	Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice.	Nicotine	251-259	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	183-187
29496477-7	2018	In drug-naive pups, acute nicotine stimulated IEGs expression specifically in brain areas associated with innate anxiety including the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and locus coeruleus (LC).	Nicotine	26-34	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
29496477-8	2018	Following CNN, acute nicotine stimulated IEG expression in all three areas, but activation was significantly reduced in the LC (c-Fos, Egr-1, Npas4), and CeA (c-Fos).	Nicotine	21-29	neuronal PAS domain protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	142-147
29496477-8	2018	Following CNN, acute nicotine stimulated IEG expression in all three areas, but activation was significantly reduced in the LC (c-Fos, Egr-1, Npas4), and CeA (c-Fos).	Nicotine	21-29	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
29496477-9	2018	Notably, nicotine-induced Npas4 expression was greatly diminished in the LC, which may affect inhibitory synapse formation in noradrenergic neurons.	Nicotine	9-17	neuronal PAS domain protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
32318084-4	2020	Significant reductions (up to 17-fold) in percent leaf nicotine were observed in genotypes homozygous for combined mutations in BBL-a, BBL-b, and BBL-c.	Nicotine	55-63	reticuline oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	128-133
31967849-9	2020	Accordingly, the expression of survivin, involved in cell cycle regulation, also follows a different kinetics in nicotine lung extracts.	Nicotine	113-121	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	31-39
11904622-13	2002	Decreased integrin expressions of CD62L, CD11a, and CD11b were observed on neutrophils after exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	105-113	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	41-46
32146343-6	2020	On the other hand, nicotine inhibited expression of a progenitor cell marker, Prrx1, and growth hormone (Gh).	Nicotine	19-27	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	89-103
32146343-6	2020	On the other hand, nicotine inhibited expression of a progenitor cell marker, Prrx1, and growth hormone (Gh).	Nicotine	19-27	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	105-107
11904622-14	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine exerts inhibitory effects on both endothelial cell surface intercellular adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil integrin expressions of CD62L, CD11a, and CD11b in vitro.	Nicotine	12-20	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	169-174
11906688-1	2002	The beta2-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNB2) is a logical candidate for influencing smoking behavior and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-64
32098843-6	2020	Gpr151- knockout (KO) mice show diminished behavioral responses to nicotine and self-administer greater quantities of the drug, phenotypes rescued by viral reexpression of Gpr151 in the habenula.	Nicotine	67-75	G protein-coupled receptor 151	Mus musculus	0-6
32098843-7	2020	These data identify GPR151 as a critical modulator of habenular function that controls nicotine addiction vulnerability.	Nicotine	87-95	G protein-coupled receptor 151	Mus musculus	20-26
32143722-9	2020	Additionally, nicotine not merely elevated UCA1 and HIF-1alpha expressions in CRC cells, but also facilitated proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells (P < 0.05).	Nicotine	14-22	urothelial cancer associated 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
11641357-2	2001	We used in situ hybridization histochemistry to determine the effect of prenatal and early postnatal nicotine exposure on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), preproenkephalin (PPE), and D2-dopamine receptor mRNA levels in the rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion during postnatal development.	Nicotine	101-109	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	122-142
31883848-5	2020	Next, it will present literature on palatable food, cocaine, alcohol, and nicotine, which overall demonstrates that PACAP in specific limbic brain regions can promote their seeking and intake and itself is stimulated by their intake.	Nicotine	74-82	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
31930698-0	2020	Inflammation has synergistic effect with nicotine in periodontitis by up-regulating the expression of alpha7 nAChR via phosphorylated GSK-3beta.	Nicotine	41-49	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	134-143
11641357-2	2001	We used in situ hybridization histochemistry to determine the effect of prenatal and early postnatal nicotine exposure on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), preproenkephalin (PPE), and D2-dopamine receptor mRNA levels in the rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion during postnatal development.	Nicotine	101-109	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	144-146
11641357-3	2001	In the carotid body, nicotine increased TH mRNA expression in animals at 0 and 3 postnatal days (both, P &lt; 0.05 vs. control) without affecting TH mRNA levels at 6 and 15 days.	Nicotine	21-29	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	40-42
11641357-7	2001	In the petrosal ganglion, nicotine increased the number of ganglion cells expressing TH mRNA in animals at 3 days (P &lt; 0.01 vs. control).	Nicotine	26-34	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	85-87
11701752-8	2001	A calmodulin antagonist, a CaM kinase inhibitor, a MAP kinase kinase inhibitor inhibited nicotine-induced ERK and CREB phosphorylation.	Nicotine	89-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
31611477-0	2020	Suppressive effect of ghrelin on nicotine-induced clock gene expression in the mouse pancreas.	Nicotine	33-41	ghrelin	Mus musculus	22-29
31611477-1	2020	Those who smoke nicotine-based cigarettes have elevated plasma levels of ghrelin, a hormone secreted from the stomach.	Nicotine	16-24	ghrelin	Mus musculus	73-80
11597571-10	2001	CYP2B selective inactivators demonstrated that approximately 70% of nicotine C-oxidation was mediated by CYP2B1/2 in both EtOH-induced and uninduced hepatic microsomes.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-111
31611477-4	2020	A single dose of nicotine administered intraperitoneally increased plasma ghrelin concentrations transiently, whereas continuous administration of nicotine with an osmotic minipump did not induce any change in the plasma ghrelin concentration.	Nicotine	17-25	ghrelin	Mus musculus	74-81
31611477-5	2020	Single administration of nicotine resulted in a transient increase in ghrelin gene expression in the pancreas but not in the stomach, which is the major producer of ghrelin.	Nicotine	25-33	ghrelin	Mus musculus	70-77
31611477-5	2020	Single administration of nicotine resulted in a transient increase in ghrelin gene expression in the pancreas but not in the stomach, which is the major producer of ghrelin.	Nicotine	25-33	ghrelin	Mus musculus	165-172
31611477-7	2020	Therefore, in order to clarify the interaction between nicotine-induced ghrelin gene expression and clock gene expression in the pancreas, nicotine was administered to ghrelin gene-deficient mice.	Nicotine	55-63	ghrelin	Mus musculus	72-79
31611477-8	2020	Administration of nicotine to ghrelin-gene deficient mice increased clock gene expression in the pancreas.	Nicotine	18-26	ghrelin	Mus musculus	30-37
31611477-9	2020	However, upon nicotine administration to mice pretreated with octanoate to upregulate ghrelin activity, expression levels of nicotine-inducible clock genes in the pancreas were virtually the same as those in mice not administered nicotine.	Nicotine	14-22	ghrelin	Mus musculus	86-93
31611477-10	2020	Thus, our findings indicate that pancreatic ghrelin may suppress nicotine-induced clock gene expression in the pancreas.	Nicotine	65-73	ghrelin	Mus musculus	44-51
11597571-11	2001	In summary, chronic, behaviorally relevant doses of EtOH induce CYP2B1/2 protein, mRNA, and nicotine C-oxidation activity in rat liver but not in rat brain, and these increases could contribute to cross-tolerance and co-abuse of ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	241-249	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 12	Rattus norvegicus	64-72
11811354-9	2001	From these results, it was suggested that the contraction induced by nicotine in the rat coronary artery in the presence of L-NAME and arachidonic acid is endothelium dependent, and involves reactive oxygen species and endothelial COX-1 metabolites of arachidonic acid.	Nicotine	69-77	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	231-236
31125123-0	2020	VPS33B negatively modulated by nicotine functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer.	Nicotine	31-39	VPS33B late endosome and lysosome associated	Homo sapiens	0-6
33997178-10	2021	Finally, we observed that nicotine suppressed VPS33B expression by inducing PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-mediated transcription suppression.	Nicotine	26-34	VPS33B late endosome and lysosome associated	Homo sapiens	46-52
31846720-0	2020	Reduced testicular steroidogenesis in rat offspring by prenatal nicotine exposure: Epigenetic programming and heritability via nAChR/HDAC4.	Nicotine	64-72	histone deacetylase 4	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
31846720-8	2020	In vitro, nicotine increased nAChRs and HDAC4 expression, and decreased the StAR/3beta-HSD H3K9ac level and expression, as well as the testosterone production in Leydig cells.	Nicotine	10-18	histone deacetylase 4	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
31733211-8	2019	Collectively, our data suggest that nicotine enhances cathepsin B-dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and the consequent production of a novel permeability factor HMGB1, which causes disruption of inter-endothelial tight junctions leading to endothelial hyperpermeability.	Nicotine	36-44	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	167-172
31553625-0	2019	Perinatal nicotine exposure alters AKT/GSK-3beta/mTOR/autophagy signaling leading to development of hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype in rat neonatal brain.	Nicotine	10-18	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	39-48
31553625-9	2019	Nicotine exposure significantly inhibited autophagy activities in neonatal brain tissues, characterized by an increased ratio of p-mTOR/total mTOR protein expression but reduced levels of ATG5, Beclin 1 and LC3beta I/II.	Nicotine	0-8	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-202
31553625-11	2019	In addition, nicotine exposure significantly upregulated p-AKT and p-GSK-3beta.	Nicotine	13-21	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	69-78
11496129-2	2001	Nicotine (10(-6), 10(-5) and 10(-4) M) induced a bimodal increase of CGRP release, that was significant for the two larger concentrations (by 113 and 36%, respectively).	Nicotine	0-8	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
31585211-0	2019	Inverse agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor reduce nicotine withdrawal signs in rats.	Nicotine	47-55	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
31585211-1	2019	Previous work has shown that chronic nicotine administration causes adaptive changes in 5-HT2A receptor expression.	Nicotine	37-45	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	88-94
11496129-4	2001	The substantial increase of CGRP release evoked by noxious heat (47 degrees C) remained unaltered upon co-application of nicotine, but was diminished by 35% upon muscarine.	Nicotine	121-129	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
31585211-2	2019	Based on this relationship, it was hypothesized that inactivating 5-HT2A receptors with the inverse agonists pimavanserin and volinanserin (MDL100907), would reduce the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	181-189	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
31585211-12	2019	The results suggest that the 5-HT2A receptor contributes to mediating nicotine withdrawal syndrome, and thus represents a potential target for interventions to aid smoking cessation.	Nicotine	70-78	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
11749838-3	2001	RESULTS: PD98059 concentration-dependently (25 micromol/L, 50 micromol/L) attenuated the induction of LTP induced by nicotine 10 micromol/L; both p42 and p44 MAPK were activated with their total protein expression increasing in CA1 subregion in response to LTP induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	117-125	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-162
31578682-12	2019	According to our findings, it can be suggested that nicotine has negative effects on microvascular circulation by increasing VEGF and MMP2 levels.	Nicotine	52-60	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
31119680-13	2019	This preliminary longitudinal PET study demonstrates that chronic nicotine administration alters behaviour and mGluR5 availability.	Nicotine	66-74	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	111-117
31260652-0	2019	Ghrelin modulates morphine-nicotine interaction in avoidance memory: Involvement of CA1 nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	27-35	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
31260652-9	2019	The results showed that intra-CA1 injection of an ineffective dose of ghrelin (0.03 nmol/microl) potentiated the nicotine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) response on amnesia induced by morphine.	Nicotine	113-121	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-77
31260652-12	2019	In conclusion, present study suggests the significant role of ghrelin in morphine-related memory and its interactive effect with nicotine in avoidance task via CA1 nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	129-137	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	62-69
31825014-5	2019	Acute exposure to nicotine-containing e-cig aerosols induced inflammatory cell influx (neutrophils and CD8a+ T-lymphocytes), and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a sex-dependent manner.	Nicotine	18-26	CD8 antigen, alpha chain	Mus musculus	103-107
31619789-3	2019	Inhibition of TCF7L2 signalling in the mHb increases nicotine intake in mice and rats.	Nicotine	53-61	transcription factor 7 like 2, T cell specific, HMG box	Mus musculus	14-20
31220484-7	2019	While beta2 and alpha6 KO mice showed a significant decrease in nicotine intake, deletion of alpha5 nAChRs increased nicotine consumption at high concentrations.	Nicotine	117-125	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	93-99
31153915-7	2019	The results revealed that blockade of OX2R and CB1R in the VTA could prevent the increased firing rate, caused by nicotine.	Nicotine	114-122	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
31051233-1	2019	We recently found that in mouse dopaminergic neurons, the heteromer formed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the beta2 subunit of acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) exerts neurotrophic effects when activated by nicotine, leading to neurons with enlarged cell bodies and increased dendrite arborization.	Nicotine	221-229	dopamine receptor D3	Mus musculus	82-102
31432996-12	2019	CONCLUSION: The application of adipose-derived stem cells reduces the percentage of necrosis in an experimental model of randomized cutaneous flap in rats submitted to subcutaneous nicotine injection.	Nicotine	181-189	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
30895593-0	2019	[The Nocturnal Respiratory Rate in COPD Patients of Varying GOLD Severity with/without Nicotine Consumption: Calculation by Means of Breath Sound Analysis].	Nicotine	87-95	COPD	Homo sapiens	35-39
30124787-5	2019	We report that exposure to nicotine, selectively during adolescence, induces profound and long-lasting neuronal, molecular and behavioral disturbances involving PFC DA D1R and downstream extracellular-signal-related kinase 1-2 (ERK 1-2) signaling.	Nicotine	27-35	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	228-235
31486397-6	2019	Treatment with nicotine decreased local levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of GAP-43.	Nicotine	15-23	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
30959089-0	2019	Decreased levels of H3K9ac and H3K27ac in the promotor region of ovarian P450 aromatase mediated low estradiol synthesis in female offspring rats induced by prenatal nicotine exposure as well as in human granulosa cells after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	166-174	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-87
30959089-0	2019	Decreased levels of H3K9ac and H3K27ac in the promotor region of ovarian P450 aromatase mediated low estradiol synthesis in female offspring rats induced by prenatal nicotine exposure as well as in human granulosa cells after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	226-234	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-87
30959089-8	2019	Furthermore, nicotine treatment up-regulated nAChRalpha6 and alpha9 expression and down-regulated the H3K9ac and H3K27ac levels of the P450arom promoter region.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-143
30259400-11	2019	Combining nicotine and mGluR5 knockdown did not have an added antidyskinetic effect, indicating that the effect of nicotine might be mediated by downregulation of mGluR5 expression.	Nicotine	115-123	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	163-169
30259400-13	2019	In conclusion, this work suggests that mGluR5 antagonists reduce dyskinesia by mainly affecting D1R-containing neurons and that the effect of nicotine on dyskinetic signs in aphakia mice is likely via mGluR5.	Nicotine	142-150	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	201-207
29292565-8	2019	Nicotine-induced facilitation of eCB-LTD is occluded by the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole, and by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	60-80
30836163-0	2019	eIF4E is a critical regulator of human papillomavirus (HPV)-immortalized cervical epithelial (H8) cell growth induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	0-5
30836163-5	2019	We found that nicotine simultaneously activates AKT/mTOR pathway in HPV-immortalized cervical epithelial (H8) cell line, followed by elevation of 4EBP1/eIF4E axis expression and its translational activity with dose-dependent and time-dependent manners.	Nicotine	14-22	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	152-157
30836163-7	2019	We therefore chose to evaluate whether this effect on eIF4E was involved in nicotine-induced proliferation.	Nicotine	76-84	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	54-59
30836163-9	2019	What is more, eIF4E knockdown inhibits cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	82-90	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	14-19
30836163-10	2019	Note as well that eIF4E-specific siRNA could also suppress cell proliferation by decelerating the G0/G1-S transition of H8 cell treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	141-149	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	18-23
30836163-12	2019	Furthermore, phosphorylation of 4EBP1 induced by nicotine has been shown to cause dissociation of 4EBP1/eIF4E and eIF4E may serve as a promising determinant of nicotine activity in vitro.	Nicotine	49-57	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	104-109
29610348-0	2018	Activation of AMPK by metformin improves withdrawal signs precipitated by nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	74-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
29610348-3	2018	Here we show that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the hippocampus is activated following chronic nicotine use, an effect that is rapidly reversed by nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	116-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-50
29610348-3	2018	Here we show that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the hippocampus is activated following chronic nicotine use, an effect that is rapidly reversed by nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	116-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	52-56
29610348-3	2018	Here we show that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the hippocampus is activated following chronic nicotine use, an effect that is rapidly reversed by nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	168-176	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-50
29610348-3	2018	Here we show that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the hippocampus is activated following chronic nicotine use, an effect that is rapidly reversed by nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	168-176	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	52-56
29610348-4	2018	Increasing pAMPK levels and, consequently, downstream AMPK signaling pharmacologically attenuate anxiety-like behavior following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	129-137	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	12-16
29610348-6	2018	This study provides evidence of a direct effect of AMPK modulation on nicotine withdrawal symptoms and suggests central AMPK activation as a therapeutic target for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	70-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
30836163-12	2019	Furthermore, phosphorylation of 4EBP1 induced by nicotine has been shown to cause dissociation of 4EBP1/eIF4E and eIF4E may serve as a promising determinant of nicotine activity in vitro.	Nicotine	49-57	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	114-119
11749838-3	2001	RESULTS: PD98059 concentration-dependently (25 micromol/L, 50 micromol/L) attenuated the induction of LTP induced by nicotine 10 micromol/L; both p42 and p44 MAPK were activated with their total protein expression increasing in CA1 subregion in response to LTP induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	272-280	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-162
11525435-13	2001	Similar effects were seen when IL-8 production was evaluated following HGF stimulation with high doses of nicotine and E. coli LPS or P gingivalis LPS.	Nicotine	106-114	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	71-74
30738609-0	2019	Epigenetic down-regulation of BKCa channel by miR-181a contributes to the fetal and neonatal nicotine-mediated exaggerated coronary vascular tone in adult life.	Nicotine	93-101	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
11525435-14	2001	CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that nicotine by itself can stimulate HGF IL-6 and IL-8 production.	Nicotine	44-52	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	77-80
30738609-4	2019	We hypothesized that fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure enhances microRNA-181a (miR-181a) which targets large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, resulting in increased coronary vascular tone in adult offspring.	Nicotine	40-48	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
11233989-7	2001	Cerebral DBI expression significantly increases in animals with drug dependence induced by these drugs, and in the cases of nicotine- and morphine-dependent mice concomitant administration of antagonists for nicotinic acetylcholine and opioid receptors, respectively, abolished the increase.	Nicotine	124-132	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	9-12
30738609-7	2019	RESULTS: Nicotine enhanced pressure-induced coronary vascular tone, which was abrogated by BKCa channel blocker.	Nicotine	9-17	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
30738609-8	2019	Nicotine selectively attenuated coronary BKCa beta1 but not alpha subunit expression.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
30738609-9	2019	Functionally, nicotine suppressed BKCa current density and inhibited BKCa activator NS1619-induced coronary relaxations.	Nicotine	14-22	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
30738609-9	2019	Functionally, nicotine suppressed BKCa current density and inhibited BKCa activator NS1619-induced coronary relaxations.	Nicotine	14-22	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
30738609-13	2019	Antioxidant eliminated the difference of BKCa current density between the saline and nicotine-treated groups and partially restored NS1619-induced relaxation in nicotine group.	Nicotine	85-93	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
30738609-15	2019	CONCLUSION: Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure-mediated miR-181a overexpression plays an important role in nicotine-enhanced coronary vascular tone via epigenetic down-regulation of BKca channel mechanism, which provides a potentially novel therapeutic molecular target of miR-181a/BKca channels for the treatment of coronary heart ischemic disease.	Nicotine	31-39	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
30738609-15	2019	CONCLUSION: Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure-mediated miR-181a overexpression plays an important role in nicotine-enhanced coronary vascular tone via epigenetic down-regulation of BKca channel mechanism, which provides a potentially novel therapeutic molecular target of miR-181a/BKca channels for the treatment of coronary heart ischemic disease.	Nicotine	31-39	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	284-288
30738609-15	2019	CONCLUSION: Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure-mediated miR-181a overexpression plays an important role in nicotine-enhanced coronary vascular tone via epigenetic down-regulation of BKca channel mechanism, which provides a potentially novel therapeutic molecular target of miR-181a/BKca channels for the treatment of coronary heart ischemic disease.	Nicotine	109-117	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
30738609-15	2019	CONCLUSION: Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure-mediated miR-181a overexpression plays an important role in nicotine-enhanced coronary vascular tone via epigenetic down-regulation of BKca channel mechanism, which provides a potentially novel therapeutic molecular target of miR-181a/BKca channels for the treatment of coronary heart ischemic disease.	Nicotine	109-117	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	284-288
31013680-1	2019	Serious injuries may result from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) battery malfunctions, including overheating, fires, and explosions (O/F/E).	Nicotine	44-52	TNF receptor superfamily member 11a	Homo sapiens	145-150
11230869-10	2001	Nicotine is one such agent, which, when administered directly to the hippocampus in rats, produces long-lasting elevation of NGF production.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
30944308-7	2019	Surprisingly, VPS33B was downregulated in the nicotine-treated and LMP-1-overexpressing NPC cells by targeting PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-mediated signaling.	Nicotine	46-54	VPS33B late endosome and lysosome associated	Homo sapiens	14-20
11230874-5	2001	Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Bcl-2; and Bcl-x were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	111-119	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
11163634-4	2001	On the contrary, cocaine, amphetamine and nicotine were self-administered to the same extent by both wild type and CB1 receptor knockout mice.	Nicotine	42-50	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	115-118
30944308-9	2019	Our study is the first to demonstrate that VPS33B is negatively regulated by LMP-1 and nicotine and thus suppresses the proliferation of NPC cells by interacting with NESG1 to regulate EGFR/PI3K/AKT/c-Myc/P53/miR-133a-3p signaling in NPC cells.	Nicotine	87-95	VPS33B late endosome and lysosome associated	Homo sapiens	43-49
11163634-6	2001	The specificity of such interaction is supported by the finding that contrary to morphine, cocaine, d-amphetamine and nicotine were self-administered by mice at the same extent either in presence or in absence of the CB1 receptor.	Nicotine	118-126	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	217-220
11123357-0	2001	Adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and gene expression are increased by intraventricular administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	110-118	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	8-28
30906561-0	2019	Nicotine oxidation by genetic variants of CYP2B6 and in human brain microsomes.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	42-48
29644536-11	2018	However, for F344 rats, IL-1 expression levels were higher only for rats exposed to nicotine-free and nicotine-containing CS, and no increase in IL-6 gene expression was noted with any of the exposures as compared to controls.	Nicotine	102-110	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	122-124
29437173-7	2018	Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers.	Nicotine	69-77	paired box 6	Homo sapiens	140-144
29437173-7	2018	Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers.	Nicotine	69-77	T-box brain transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	221-225
29437173-7	2018	Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers.	Nicotine	69-77	BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit BCL11B	Homo sapiens	241-246
11123357-1	2001	When nicotine is administered s.c. to rats, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme activity and TH gene transcription rate are activated, and TH mRNA and TH protein are induced in adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	5-13	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	44-64
29339018-9	2018	Besides, chronic nicotine also enhanced the protein and RNA expression levels of autophagy makers triggered by corticosterone, such as Beclin-1, LC3 II and p62/SQSTM1.	Nicotine	17-25	sequestosome 1	Mus musculus	156-159
30906561-2	2019	CYP2B6 is a minor contributor to hepatic nicotine metabolism, but the enzyme has been proposed as relevant to nicotine-related behaviors because of reported CYP2B6 mRNA expression in human brain tissue.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
30906561-2	2019	CYP2B6 is a minor contributor to hepatic nicotine metabolism, but the enzyme has been proposed as relevant to nicotine-related behaviors because of reported CYP2B6 mRNA expression in human brain tissue.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	157-163
29339018-9	2018	Besides, chronic nicotine also enhanced the protein and RNA expression levels of autophagy makers triggered by corticosterone, such as Beclin-1, LC3 II and p62/SQSTM1.	Nicotine	17-25	sequestosome 1	Mus musculus	160-166
11123357-1	2001	When nicotine is administered s.c. to rats, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme activity and TH gene transcription rate are activated, and TH mRNA and TH protein are induced in adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	5-13	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	66-68
30906561-3	2019	Therefore, we hypothesized that CYP2B6 variants would be associated with altered nicotine oxidation, and that nicotine metabolism by CYP2B6 would be detected in human brain microsomes.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	32-38
11123357-1	2001	When nicotine is administered s.c. to rats, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme activity and TH gene transcription rate are activated, and TH mRNA and TH protein are induced in adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	5-13	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	90-92
30906561-3	2019	Therefore, we hypothesized that CYP2B6 variants would be associated with altered nicotine oxidation, and that nicotine metabolism by CYP2B6 would be detected in human brain microsomes.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	133-139
11123357-1	2001	When nicotine is administered s.c. to rats, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme activity and TH gene transcription rate are activated, and TH mRNA and TH protein are induced in adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	5-13	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	90-92
30906561-4	2019	We generated recombinant enzymes in insect cells corresponding to nine common CYP2B6 haplotypes and demonstrate genetically determined differences in nicotine oxidation to nicotine iminium ion and nornicotine for both (S) and (R)-nicotine.	Nicotine	150-158	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
30906561-4	2019	We generated recombinant enzymes in insect cells corresponding to nine common CYP2B6 haplotypes and demonstrate genetically determined differences in nicotine oxidation to nicotine iminium ion and nornicotine for both (S) and (R)-nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
30906561-4	2019	We generated recombinant enzymes in insect cells corresponding to nine common CYP2B6 haplotypes and demonstrate genetically determined differences in nicotine oxidation to nicotine iminium ion and nornicotine for both (S) and (R)-nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
30906561-9	2019	We conclude that CYP2B6 metabolizes nicotine stereoselectively and common CYP2B6 variants differ in nicotine metabolism activity, but did not find evidence of CYP2B6 activity in human brain.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	17-23
30906561-9	2019	We conclude that CYP2B6 metabolizes nicotine stereoselectively and common CYP2B6 variants differ in nicotine metabolism activity, but did not find evidence of CYP2B6 activity in human brain.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	17-23
30906561-9	2019	We conclude that CYP2B6 metabolizes nicotine stereoselectively and common CYP2B6 variants differ in nicotine metabolism activity, but did not find evidence of CYP2B6 activity in human brain.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
29273504-0	2018	Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates vascular calcification by inhibiting osteogenic transition in vitamin D3 plus nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	118-126	fibroblast growth factor 21	Rattus norvegicus	0-27
29273504-4	2018	Thus, in this study, we observed the effect and mechanism of FGF21 on VC induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) treated rats.	Nicotine	100-108	fibroblast growth factor 21	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
11123357-1	2001	When nicotine is administered s.c. to rats, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme activity and TH gene transcription rate are activated, and TH mRNA and TH protein are induced in adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	5-13	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	90-92
30906561-9	2019	We conclude that CYP2B6 metabolizes nicotine stereoselectively and common CYP2B6 variants differ in nicotine metabolism activity, but did not find evidence of CYP2B6 activity in human brain.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
11123357-4	2001	administration of nicotine produces a dose-dependent activation of adrenal TH, which is blocked by i.v.t.	Nicotine	18-26	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	75-77
30550855-1	2019	The present study was designed to explore the role of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) in nicotine-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its underlying mechanism.	Nicotine	106-114	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	54-94
29444518-7	2018	Results were complex, and revealed that NAcc GDNF was increased in animals given nicotine, regardless of housing condition.	Nicotine	81-89	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-49
11123357-7	2001	We also show that surgical transection of the splanchnic nerve blocks the activation of adrenal TH by i.v.t.-administered nicotine.	Nicotine	122-130	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	96-98
11123357-9	2001	administration of nicotine over a 3-h period (injections spaced 30 min apart) leads to a sustained activation of adrenal TH, suggesting that this central response to nicotine does not readily desensitize.	Nicotine	18-26	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	121-123
29619740-9	2018	Our results suggest that nicotine modulates mitochondrial dynamics and influences mitochondrial association from microtubules, increasing IP3 receptor clustering showing modulation between mitochondria-ER communications, together with the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis.	Nicotine	25-33	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	138-150
11123357-9	2001	administration of nicotine over a 3-h period (injections spaced 30 min apart) leads to a sustained activation of adrenal TH, suggesting that this central response to nicotine does not readily desensitize.	Nicotine	166-174	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	121-123
30453884-4	2018	Searching for variants with evidence of regulatory functions, we have reported interactions between CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 enhancer variants (tagged by rs880395 and rs1948, respectively) and rs16969968, forming 3-SNP haplotypes and diplotypes that may more accurately reflect the cluster"s combined effects on nicotine dependence (Barrie et al., Hum Mutat 38:112-9, 2017).	Nicotine	305-313	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-117
11123357-10	2001	Intraventricular administration of nicotine also stimulates the TH gene transcription rate in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	35-43	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	64-66
30099467-0	2018	Inhibition of Nicotine Dependence by Curcuminoid Is Associated with Reduced Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Mouse Brain.	Nicotine	14-22	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	76-96
30453884-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate rs4887074 is associated with CHRNB4 expression, and along with two regulatory variants of CHRNA3 and CHRNA5, modulates the effect of rs16969968 on nicotine dependence risk.	Nicotine	183-191	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-132
11123357-12	2001	or s.c. over 3 h, nicotine induces adrenal TH mRNA.	Nicotine	18-26	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	43-45
30099467-6	2018	Taken together, curcuminoid ameliorates nicotine dependence and relapse, in part via the inhibition of the AChE activity in the brain.	Nicotine	40-48	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	107-111
11123357-13	2001	This induction is dependent on innervation of the adrenal medulla, even when the drug is injected s.c. Our results demonstrate that the central effects of nicotine are sufficient to activate TH and induce TH gene expression in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	155-163	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	191-193
30533170-0	2018	Nicotine and Cotinine Inhibit Catalase and Glutathione Reductase Activity Contributing to the Impaired Osteogenesis of SCP-1 Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke.	Nicotine	0-8	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	43-64
11123357-13	2001	This induction is dependent on innervation of the adrenal medulla, even when the drug is injected s.c. Our results demonstrate that the central effects of nicotine are sufficient to activate TH and induce TH gene expression in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	155-163	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	205-207
30533170-0	2018	Nicotine and Cotinine Inhibit Catalase and Glutathione Reductase Activity Contributing to the Impaired Osteogenesis of SCP-1 Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke.	Nicotine	0-8	synaptonemal complex protein 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
11123357-14	2001	Furthermore, our results suggest that this centrally mediated response to nicotine is essential for the induction of adrenal TH mRNA.	Nicotine	74-82	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	125-127
11014216-3	2000	Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique, the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for prepro-orexin, orexin A (OX1-R) and orexin B (OX2-R) receptors were 20-50% higher in rats receiving nicotine for 14 days at the level of 2-4 mg/kg day compared with rats receiving saline solvent alone.	Nicotine	182-190	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
30222954-7	2018	Nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, were induced by alcohol and were further increased by nicotine and cotinine in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice.	Nicotine	136-144	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	161-167
30222954-7	2018	Nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, were induced by alcohol and were further increased by nicotine and cotinine in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice.	Nicotine	136-144	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	191-197
30222954-8	2018	Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during microsomal metabolism of nicotine and cotinine was increased in microsomes from cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in microsomes from cyp2a5-/- mice.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	128-134
30222954-9	2018	These results suggest that nicotine enhances alcoholic fatty liver in a CYP2A5-dependent manner, which is related to ROS produced during the process of CYP2A5-dependent nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	72-78
30222954-9	2018	These results suggest that nicotine enhances alcoholic fatty liver in a CYP2A5-dependent manner, which is related to ROS produced during the process of CYP2A5-dependent nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	152-158
30222954-9	2018	These results suggest that nicotine enhances alcoholic fatty liver in a CYP2A5-dependent manner, which is related to ROS produced during the process of CYP2A5-dependent nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	169-177	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	72-78
30222954-9	2018	These results suggest that nicotine enhances alcoholic fatty liver in a CYP2A5-dependent manner, which is related to ROS produced during the process of CYP2A5-dependent nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	169-177	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	152-158
30091833-0	2018	Nicotine induces endothelial dysfunction and promotes atherosclerosis via GTPCH1.	Nicotine	0-8	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	74-80
29203782-4	2017	We found the genetic predisposition of nicotine dependence was associated with COPD risk, even after adjusting for smoking behavior, indicating genetic pleiotropy and independent model.	Nicotine	39-47	COPD	Homo sapiens	79-83
29203782-7	2017	Empirical data showed the genetic pleiotropy between nicotine dependence and COPD or lung function.	Nicotine	53-61	COPD	Homo sapiens	77-81
28555334-11	2017	These results indicate that prenatal nicotine exposure can enhance the potential excitability of the hypothalamus via the intrauterine programming of up-regulation of hippocampal GAD67.	Nicotine	37-45	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
30091833-4	2018	In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, which reduced the mRNA and protein levels of GTPCH1 and led to endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	67-75	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	160-166
30091833-5	2018	GTPCH1 overexpression or sepiapterin could attenuate nicotine-reduced nitric oxide and -increased reactive oxygen species levels.	Nicotine	53-61	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
28277073-2	2017	Considering that Notch signalling through its ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) functions as anti-angiogenic factor by inhibiting the pro-angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), it is hypothesised that inhibition of the Notch would promote angiogenesis and increase TRAM flap survival in rats submitted to nicotine.	Nicotine	324-332	delta like canonical Notch ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	53-65
11014216-4	2000	In animals treated with nicotine at 4 mg/kg x day, the expression levels of mRNA for prepro-orexin, OX1-R, and OX2-R were significantly higher compared with those in either the free-feeding control or pair-fed saline control rats.	Nicotine	24-32	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
28277073-2	2017	Considering that Notch signalling through its ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) functions as anti-angiogenic factor by inhibiting the pro-angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), it is hypothesised that inhibition of the Notch would promote angiogenesis and increase TRAM flap survival in rats submitted to nicotine.	Nicotine	324-332	delta like canonical Notch ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
11029650-0	2000	The role of 5-HT1A receptors in mediating the anxiogenic effects of nicotine following lateral septal administration.	Nicotine	68-76	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	12-18
28944930-8	2017	Treatment with nicotine decreased AP and osteocalcin levels, increased TNF-alpha and COX-2 expression levels, and led to alveolar bone loss compared with the control group.	Nicotine	15-23	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
28668504-3	2017	Some studies show that the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 receptors have a central role in the induction and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	118-126	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
28862506-0	2017	Aiding and Abetting the Enemy: Nicotine Impairs the Macrophage Defense against Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	metallothionein 1J, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	79-82
29160380-15	2017	The presence of COPD in health care workers who smoke was associated with higher nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	81-89	COPD	Homo sapiens	16-20
28506824-0	2017	Hypoxia and nicotine effects on Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor 1 (PAC1) in the developing piglet brainstem.	Nicotine	12-20	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	32-82
28506824-0	2017	Hypoxia and nicotine effects on Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor 1 (PAC1) in the developing piglet brainstem.	Nicotine	12-20	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
28506824-3	2017	Using piglet models of these risk factors, intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH-mimicking rebreathing in prone position) and nicotine (main reinforcing element of cigarettes), this study aimed to determine their effects on PACAP and PAC1 protein expression in the medulla.	Nicotine	126-134	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	224-229
28506824-8	2017	IHH exposure in piglets with pre-exposure to nicotine led to a significant decrease in PACAP in the Grac (p=0.04) but had no effect on PAC1.	Nicotine	45-53	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
28509375-1	2017	Delta and kappa opioid receptors (DOR and KOR, respectively) and their endogenous ligands, proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN)-derived opioid peptides are proposed as important mediators of nicotine reward.	Nicotine	199-207	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
28509375-2	2017	This study investigated the regulatory effect of chronic nicotine treatment on the gene expression of DOR, KOR, PENK and PDYN in the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	57-65	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
28509375-7	2017	Conversely, PDYN mRNA was reduced in the LHA with 0.6 mg/kg nicotine and in the AMG with 0.4 mg/kg nicotine.	Nicotine	60-68	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
28509375-7	2017	Conversely, PDYN mRNA was reduced in the LHA with 0.6 mg/kg nicotine and in the AMG with 0.4 mg/kg nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
29100355-10	2017	In addition, nicotine attenuated protein kinases Cepsilon and large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BKca) channel beta1 subunit protein abundances in the heart, which were reversed by 5-Aza treatment.	Nicotine	13-21	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
28691127-8	2017	It is worthy to note that nicotine toxicity induced significant increments in serum inflammatory markers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha and vascular cell adhesion protein 1.	Nicotine	26-34	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-170
28691127-9	2017	Western blotting showed marked significant elevation in caspase-3 activities against nicotine.	Nicotine	85-93	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
28691127-10	2017	The mRNA gene expression of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 gene was highly increased with nicotine intoxication while that of cyclooxygenase-1 did not show any changes.	Nicotine	86-94	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-54
28252546-14	2017	Nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor is similarly toxic to skin flap survival as tobacco cigarettes.	Nicotine	0-8	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
28139681-12	2017	These findings suggest that KMO inhibition may be a promising new approach for the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	96-104	kynurenine 3-monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
28256030-2	2017	The QPT gene plays an essential role in the pyridine nucleotide cycle as well as in the biosynthetic pathway of the alkaloid nicotine.	Nicotine	125-133	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	4-7
28659770-5	2017	Using in vivo microdialysis, we found that DYT1 KI mice showed significantly increased DA output and greater sensitivity to nicotine compared to wild type (WT) littermate controls.	Nicotine	124-132	torsin family 1, member A (torsin A)	Mus musculus	43-47
28368384-0	2017	GLP-1 acts on habenular avoidance circuits to control nicotine intake.	Nicotine	54-62	glucagon	Mus musculus	0-5
28368384-2	2017	Here we show that nicotine activates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).	Nicotine	18-26	glucagon	Mus musculus	37-60
28368384-2	2017	Here we show that nicotine activates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).	Nicotine	18-26	glucagon	Mus musculus	62-67
28368384-3	2017	The antidiabetic drugs sitagliptin and exenatide, which inhibit GLP-1 breakdown and stimulate GLP-1 receptors, respectively, decreased nicotine intake in mice.	Nicotine	135-143	glucagon	Mus musculus	94-99
28368384-4	2017	Chemogenetic activation of GLP-1 neurons in NTS similarly decreased nicotine intake.	Nicotine	68-76	glucagon	Mus musculus	27-32
28368384-7	2017	Activation of GLP-1 receptors in the MHb-IPN circuit abolished nicotine reward and decreased nicotine intake, whereas their knockdown or pharmacological blockade increased intake.	Nicotine	63-71	glucagon	Mus musculus	14-19
28368384-7	2017	Activation of GLP-1 receptors in the MHb-IPN circuit abolished nicotine reward and decreased nicotine intake, whereas their knockdown or pharmacological blockade increased intake.	Nicotine	93-101	glucagon	Mus musculus	14-19
28368384-8	2017	GLP-1 neurons may therefore serve as "satiety sensors" for nicotine that stimulate habenular systems to promote nicotine avoidance before its aversive effects are encountered.	Nicotine	59-67	glucagon	Mus musculus	0-5
28368384-8	2017	GLP-1 neurons may therefore serve as "satiety sensors" for nicotine that stimulate habenular systems to promote nicotine avoidance before its aversive effects are encountered.	Nicotine	112-120	glucagon	Mus musculus	0-5
30227235-11	2018	CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that response similar to nicotine withdrawal or/and hypoxia induced by childhood chronic asthma enhances the BDNF-Cdc42/RhoA signaling pathway and activates cofilin1, leading to the remodeling of actin, causing the loss of dendritic spines and atrophy of dendrites, eventually resulting in behavioral alterations.	Nicotine	54-62	cell division cycle 42	Mus musculus	143-148
30227235-11	2018	CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that response similar to nicotine withdrawal or/and hypoxia induced by childhood chronic asthma enhances the BDNF-Cdc42/RhoA signaling pathway and activates cofilin1, leading to the remodeling of actin, causing the loss of dendritic spines and atrophy of dendrites, eventually resulting in behavioral alterations.	Nicotine	54-62	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	149-153
11029650-1	2000	The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of the 5-HT1A receptors in the lateral septum in the mediation of the anxiogenic effects of nicotine in the social interaction and elevated plus maze tests of anxiety in the rat.	Nicotine	151-159	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
11029650-7	2000	The effects of 8-OH-DPAT demonstrate that stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors in the lateral septum has anxiogenic effects in two animal tests and that the anxiogenic effects of nicotine are mediated at least in part by these 5-HT1A receptors.	Nicotine	174-182	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	222-228
11044737-9	2000	Assays carried out under these conditions indicate that approximately 60% of nicotine-evoked cortical DA release was likely mediated through the DA transporter.	Nicotine	77-85	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	145-159
10996137-0	2000	Glutamate receptors participate in the nicotine-induced changes of met-enkephalin in striatum.	Nicotine	39-47	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	67-81
10996137-1	2000	A single dose of nicotine given to mice induces first a rapid decrease (presumed release/enhanced degradation) and then a rise (presumed synthesis/enhanced accumulation) of met-enkephalin (Met-Enk) in dorsal and ventral striatum observed at 30 and 60 min post-treatment, respectively.	Nicotine	17-25	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	173-187
11038246-0	2000	Mechanism for increase in expression of cerebral diazepam binding inhibitor mRNA by nicotine: involvement of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.	Nicotine	84-92	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	49-75
29981921-5	2018	In primary osteoblastic cells, both nicotine (0, 162, 1620, 16,200 ng/ml) and corticosterone (0, 50, 250, 1250 nM) promoted the mRNA expression of OPG but concentration-dependently suppressed that of RANKL.	Nicotine	36-44	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	200-205
30150424-6	2018	RESULTS: Nicotine suppressed simvastatin-dependent activation of HO1 and MnSOD promoters and activity of CREB and ELK1 via p66shc.	Nicotine	9-17	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
11038246-1	2000	We investigated the mechanisms underlying the increase in diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) and its mRNA expression induced by nicotine (0.1 microM) exposure for 24 h using mouse cerebral cortical neurons in primary culture.	Nicotine	126-134	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	58-84
11038246-1	2000	We investigated the mechanisms underlying the increase in diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) and its mRNA expression induced by nicotine (0.1 microM) exposure for 24 h using mouse cerebral cortical neurons in primary culture.	Nicotine	126-134	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	86-89
11038246-2	2000	Nicotine-induced (0.1 microM) increases in DBI mRNA expression were abolished by hexamethonium, a nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	43-46
29740849-4	2018	After 60 days of treatment, expressions of key apoptotic genes involved in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways; solute carrier influx transporters SLCOB1, SLC22A1 and efflux transporter ABCB1 associated with transport of atorvastatin and nicotine, and proteins of BTB were assayed.	Nicotine	240-248	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	188-193
11038246-4	2000	The nicotine-induced increase in DBI mRNA expression was inhibited by L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) inhibitors such as verapamil, calmodulin antagonist (W-7), and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAM II kinase) inhibitor (KN-62), whereas P/Q- and N-type VDCC inhibitors showed no effects.	Nicotine	4-12	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	33-36
29914177-3	2018	In this study, we explored the induction of the Cyp2b1 (homologous to CYP2B6) by nicotine in an animal rat model with glioma.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-54
29914177-5	2018	Nicotine treatment increased CYP2B1 protein levels in the healthy animals" brain tissue.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
29914177-6	2018	In the brain tissue of animals with glioma, the CYP2B1 showed a high expression, even before nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	93-101	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-54
29910731-2	2018	While the role of the alpha4 and beta2 subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha4beta2*nAChRs) in mediating nicotine effects on DA release and DA neuron activity has been widely explored, less information is available on their role in the morphological adaptation of the DA system to nicotine, eventually leading to dysfunctional behaviors observed in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	126-134	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	22-28
11038246-7	2000	These results suggest that the nicotine-stimulated increase in DBI mRNA expression is mediated by CAM II kinase activation resulting from the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) through L-type VDCCs subsequent to the neuronal membrane depolarization associated with nACh receptor activation.	Nicotine	31-39	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	63-66
10974663-8	2000	In fact, pilocarpine (a muscarinic cholinergic agonist) enhanced and nicotine (a nicotinic cholinergic agonist) decreased TRH and TRH-related compound production by this cell line.	Nicotine	69-77	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	122-125
29636289-0	2018	Folic acid protects against experimental prenatal nicotine-induced cardiac injury by decreasing inflammatory changes, serum TNF and COX-2 expression.	Nicotine	50-58	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
29636289-2	2018	The present study was designed to investigate the impact of nicotine administration on serum level tumor necrosis factor and cycloxygenase -2 (COX-2) expression mediated cardiac injury in rat off springs, and the possible protective effect of folic acid.	Nicotine	60-68	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	99-120
29636289-9	2018	Serum TNF and MDA were significantly increased, while serum NO and TAC were significantly decreased in nicotine group.	Nicotine	103-111	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
10974663-8	2000	In fact, pilocarpine (a muscarinic cholinergic agonist) enhanced and nicotine (a nicotinic cholinergic agonist) decreased TRH and TRH-related compound production by this cell line.	Nicotine	69-77	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	130-133
10942032-9	2000	In a study that used RI strains derived from two selectively bred mouse lines (LS and SS), an association between sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures and an RFLP associated with the alpha4 gene was found.	Nicotine	129-137	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	187-193
29747275-5	2018	The expressions of alpha7nAChR and TRPC6 protein in nicotine-treated human bronchial smooth muscle cells were detected by Western blotting.	Nicotine	52-60	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	35-40
29747275-12	2018	Conclusions: Nicotine can increase the expression of TRPC6 protein, SOCE and ROCE level, and increase the intracellular calcium concentration by upregulating the expression of alpha7nAChR protein, thereby promoting smooth muscle cell contraction.	Nicotine	13-21	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	53-58
29338098-7	2018	In addition, melatonin decreases nicotine-dependent ROCK1/ROCK2 activation, thus further inhibiting cell contractility and motility.	Nicotine	33-41	Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
10942032-10	2000	These data support the assertion that both alpha4 and alpha7 receptor types are involved in modulating convulsions produced by nicotine.	Nicotine	127-135	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	43-49
29338098-7	2018	In addition, melatonin decreases nicotine-dependent ROCK1/ROCK2 activation, thus further inhibiting cell contractility and motility.	Nicotine	33-41	Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
10901703-8	2000	This study demonstrates alteration of FMO- and CYP-mediated drug metabolism in vitro by dietary I3C or DIM and suggests the potential for altered toxicity of tamoxifen and nicotine in vivo.	Nicotine	172-180	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
10700013-9	2000	After 20 min exposure to 1 microM PACAP, NIC- and KCl-induced transients were reduced by 36% +/- 5% (P &lt; 0.05) and 51% +/- 6% (P &lt; 0.05), respectively.	Nicotine	41-44	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
29720657-9	2018	Antibody fragments specific to beta2 were used to "break" symmetry during particle alignment and to obtain high-resolution reconstructions of receptors of both stoichiometries in complex with nicotine.	Nicotine	192-200	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
29114105-1	2018	Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and ErbB4 have been linked to nicotine addiction; however, the neuronal mechanisms and behavioral consequences of NRG3-ErbB4 sensitivity to nicotine remain elusive.	Nicotine	160-168	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
29114105-4	2018	We report that nicotine controls synaptic plasticity in the OFC through NRG3/ErbB4-dependent regulation of GABAergic inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
10881203-3	2000	The DRD2 gene has also been found to be involved in other substance use disorders including cocaine, nicotine and opioid dependence, and obesity.	Nicotine	101-109	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	4-8
29114105-6	2018	Induction of long-term depression by nicotine relied on nicotinic receptor activation and key regulators of NRG3 signaling: (1) release of intracellular calcium, (2) activation of the BACE1 beta-secretase, and (3) ErbB4 receptor activation.	Nicotine	37-45	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	214-219
29114105-9	2018	Nicotine-impaired stimulus discrimination in this task was rescued by pharmacologic disruption of the NRG3 receptor, ErbB4.	Nicotine	0-8	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
29114105-10	2018	Altogether, our data indicate that nicotine-induced synaptic plasticity in the OFC and cognitive changes depend on NRG3-ErbB4 signaling.	Nicotine	35-43	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
10846348-7	2000	Nicotine and arecoline, single or combined treatment, increased IL-8 secretion in KB CCL17 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	85-90
10640680-1	1999	In a previous work, we showed that acute intermittent nicotine treatment up-regulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA in brain regions of tel- and mesencephalon of rats suggesting that neuroprotective effect of (-)nicotine may, at least in part, involve an activation of the neuronal FGF-2 signalling.	Nicotine	54-62	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	99-125
29666375-0	2018	Association and cis-mQTL analysis of variants in CHRNA3-A5, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, and CHRNB4 in relation to nicotine dependence in a Chinese Han population.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-55
29666375-0	2018	Association and cis-mQTL analysis of variants in CHRNA3-A5, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, and CHRNB4 in relation to nicotine dependence in a Chinese Han population.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-74
29666375-7	2018	Our results indicated that the SNPs rs1948 and rs7178270 in CHRNB4 and rs3743075 in CHRNA3 were significantly associated with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score (p = 6.6 x 10-5; p = 2.0 x 10-4, and p = 7.0 x 10-4, respectively).	Nicotine	150-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-90
28314679-10	2018	NQ increased accumbal GDNF which was sensitized in NQ rats conditioned to nicotine in Experiment 1, but the aversive dose of nicotine reduced GDNF in NQ animals in Experiment 2.	Nicotine	125-133	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
28314679-11	2018	Both antipsychotics in combination with the aversive dose of nicotine decreased accumbal GDNF.	Nicotine	61-69	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
28314679-12	2018	In sum, increased D2 receptor sensitivity influenced the associative properties and GDNF response to nicotine which has implications towards pharmacological targets for smoking cessation in schizophrenia.	Nicotine	101-109	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
29615536-2	2018	The effects of nicotine on the pups ovaries were associated with decreased expression of oocyte specific genes such as Nobox, Lhx8, Figlalpha and Sohlh2.	Nicotine	15-23	LIM homeobox protein 8	Mus musculus	126-130
27847973-6	2017	Preclinical results demonstrate that negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) at mGluR5 attenuate both nicotine self-administration and the reinstatement of responding evoked by exposure to conditioned cues paired with nicotine delivery.	Nicotine	100-108	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	78-84
27847973-6	2017	Preclinical results demonstrate that negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) at mGluR5 attenuate both nicotine self-administration and the reinstatement of responding evoked by exposure to conditioned cues paired with nicotine delivery.	Nicotine	216-224	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	78-84
27847973-8	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Although mGluR5 NAMs attenuate most of the key facets of nicotine dependence, they potentiate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	70-78	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	22-28
28185965-5	2017	Similarly, Cav1.3-/- mice showed nicotine-induced place preference which was antagonized by nifedipine.	Nicotine	33-41	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit	Mus musculus	11-17
27917437-9	2017	Furthermore, nicotine treatment significantly (P &lt; 0.05) attenuated the HFD-induced decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1).	Nicotine	13-21	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	99-126
27917437-9	2017	Furthermore, nicotine treatment significantly (P &lt; 0.05) attenuated the HFD-induced decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1).	Nicotine	13-21	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	128-133
27917437-10	2017	We conclude that nicotine, when combined with HFD, triggers CM apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress and inactivation of AMPK together with the activation of caspase-2-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling independently of FGF21 and SIRT1.	Nicotine	17-25	caspase 2	Mus musculus	173-182
27917437-10	2017	We conclude that nicotine, when combined with HFD, triggers CM apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress and inactivation of AMPK together with the activation of caspase-2-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling independently of FGF21 and SIRT1.	Nicotine	17-25	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	239-244
28413702-4	2017	Both FMO1 and FMO3 were potentially susceptible genes for nicotine metabolism process.	Nicotine	58-66	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
10640680-1	1999	In a previous work, we showed that acute intermittent nicotine treatment up-regulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA in brain regions of tel- and mesencephalon of rats suggesting that neuroprotective effect of (-)nicotine may, at least in part, involve an activation of the neuronal FGF-2 signalling.	Nicotine	54-62	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
29566653-3	2018	Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes participating in nicotine anabolism (ADC, PMT, MPO, QPT, AO, QS, QPT, A622, BBLs) and nicotine transport (JAT2, MATE1 and 2, NUP1 and 2) showed an upregulated expression in the hybrid, a majority of which demonstrated an overdominant performance.	Nicotine	60-68	putrescine N-methyltransferase 3	Nicotiana tabacum	85-88
29566653-3	2018	Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes participating in nicotine anabolism (ADC, PMT, MPO, QPT, AO, QS, QPT, A622, BBLs) and nicotine transport (JAT2, MATE1 and 2, NUP1 and 2) showed an upregulated expression in the hybrid, a majority of which demonstrated an overdominant performance.	Nicotine	60-68	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	95-98
29566653-3	2018	Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes participating in nicotine anabolism (ADC, PMT, MPO, QPT, AO, QS, QPT, A622, BBLs) and nicotine transport (JAT2, MATE1 and 2, NUP1 and 2) showed an upregulated expression in the hybrid, a majority of which demonstrated an overdominant performance.	Nicotine	60-68	protein DETOXIFICATION 40-like	Nicotiana tabacum	155-166
10640680-1	1999	In a previous work, we showed that acute intermittent nicotine treatment up-regulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA in brain regions of tel- and mesencephalon of rats suggesting that neuroprotective effect of (-)nicotine may, at least in part, involve an activation of the neuronal FGF-2 signalling.	Nicotine	54-62	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	305-310
10640680-1	1999	In a previous work, we showed that acute intermittent nicotine treatment up-regulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA in brain regions of tel- and mesencephalon of rats suggesting that neuroprotective effect of (-)nicotine may, at least in part, involve an activation of the neuronal FGF-2 signalling.	Nicotine	235-243	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	99-125
28282603-6	2017	RESULTS: The obtained findings showed that MSCs pulsed with nicotine significantly enhanced the viability and the phagocytic activity of co-cultured neutrophils and simultaneously, decreased the production of reactive oxygen substances (ROS), induced by f-MLP in neutrophils, more profound than MSCs without treatment.	Nicotine	60-68	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Rattus norvegicus	256-259
10640680-1	1999	In a previous work, we showed that acute intermittent nicotine treatment up-regulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA in brain regions of tel- and mesencephalon of rats suggesting that neuroprotective effect of (-)nicotine may, at least in part, involve an activation of the neuronal FGF-2 signalling.	Nicotine	235-243	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
28293398-0	2017	Nicotine-induced damages in testicular tissue of rats; evidences for bcl-2, p53 and caspase-3 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-93
10640680-8	1999	In view of the neurotrophic function of FGF-2, these results, together with previous ones, could further help to understand the molecular mechanisms mediating the previously observed neuroprotective effects of (-)nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
28293398-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Our data showed that, nicotine by suppressing the testosterone biosynthesis, reducing mRNA and protein levels of bcl-2 and up regulating the p53 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels adversely affects the spermatogenesis and results in cellular depletion.	Nicotine	34-42	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	161-170
10525113-4	1999	Multiple injections of nicotine bitartrate (5 mg/kg) elevated mRNA levels for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and of preproneuropeptide Y in rat adrenal medulla more than did 1 mg/kg of nicotine bitartrate.	Nicotine	23-42	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	118-138
27737788-0	2017	Chronic FAAH inhibition during nicotine abstinence alters habenular CB1 receptor activity and precipitates depressive-like behaviors.	Nicotine	31-39	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
27737788-2	2017	Acute inhibition of anandamide (AEA) degradation efficiently reduces nicotine withdrawal-induced affective symptoms in rats and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the degradation enzyme of AEA, has been proposed as a possible treatment against nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	244-252	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
27737788-4	2017	Using a rat model of nicotine addiction, we found that, during abstinence, rats injected daily with a FAAH inhibitor (URB597) developed a depressive-like phenotype.	Nicotine	21-29	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
27737788-9	2017	Taken together, our results suggest that chronic FAAH inhibition prevents the homeostatic adaptations of habenular CB1 receptor function that are necessary for the recovery from nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	178-186	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
27890744-7	2017	Additionally, all three nicotine doses increased MC3R mRNA expression in the VTA.	Nicotine	24-32	melanocortin 3 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
28372298-15	2017	The mRNA expression of Sox9, type II collagen (Col2a1), aggrecan in control group was higher than in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	105-113	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Homo sapiens	23-27
29050484-0	2017	eNOS and XRCC4 VNTR variants contribute to formation of nicotine dependence and/or schizophrenia.	Nicotine	56-64	X-ray repair cross complementing 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
29050484-1	2017	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate whether VNTR variants in the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and the XRCC4 gene play any role in nicotine dependence (ND) and/or Schizophrenia+ND (Sch+ND) ethiopathogenesis.	Nicotine	147-155	X-ray repair cross complementing 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
28957813-0	2017	Nicotine-Induced Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Involves TRPC6-Dependent Calcium Influx Via alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	66-71
28957813-8	2017	Moreover, we also confirmed that canonical transient receptor potential protein 6 (TRPC6) and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) are involved in nicotine-induced upregulation of cell proliferation.	Nicotine	165-173	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	83-88
29348704-0	2017	Stimulation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Upregulation of MMP, MCP-1, and RANTES through Modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS Cells.	Nicotine	66-74	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	141-147
29348704-0	2017	Stimulation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Upregulation of MMP, MCP-1, and RANTES through Modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS Cells.	Nicotine	66-74	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	148-152
29348704-4	2017	Nicotine markedly stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun in RAW264.7 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	52-92
29348704-4	2017	Nicotine markedly stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun in RAW264.7 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	94-100
29348704-4	2017	Nicotine markedly stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun in RAW264.7 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	106-111
29348704-5	2017	Pretreatment with U0126 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and further attenuated nicotine-induced activation of c-Jun and upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Nicotine	98-106	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	129-134
29348704-5	2017	Pretreatment with U0126 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and further attenuated nicotine-induced activation of c-Jun and upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Nicotine	98-106	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	162-167
29348704-6	2017	Similarly, nicotine treatment also increased phosphorylation of c-Jun and expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES in MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	11-19	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	64-69
29348704-6	2017	Similarly, nicotine treatment also increased phosphorylation of c-Jun and expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES in MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	11-19	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	96-101
29348704-7	2017	When cells were pretreated with PNU-282987, nicotine-induced activations of ERK1/2 and c-Jun in RAW264.7 cells and c-Jun in MOVAS cells were effectively inhibited.	Nicotine	44-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	76-82
29499216-3	2018	Over the past 3 decades, data has emerged on the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke exposure on the expression of BDNF and its primary specific receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB).	Nicotine	60-68	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	158-184
29499216-3	2018	Over the past 3 decades, data has emerged on the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke exposure on the expression of BDNF and its primary specific receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB).	Nicotine	60-68	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	186-190
28857504-7	2018	In contrast, nicotine self-administration alone, resulted in a significant decrease in histone methylation at the H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 marks in the promoter regions of BDNF exon IV and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk-5).	Nicotine	13-21	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	185-210
28857504-7	2018	In contrast, nicotine self-administration alone, resulted in a significant decrease in histone methylation at the H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 marks in the promoter regions of BDNF exon IV and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk-5).	Nicotine	13-21	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	212-217
28857504-9	2018	Together these results suggest that nicotine self-administration leads to a number of epigenetic changes at both the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters, and that these changes may contribute to the enhanced extinction of nicotine-seeking by NaB.	Nicotine	36-44	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
28857504-9	2018	Together these results suggest that nicotine self-administration leads to a number of epigenetic changes at both the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters, and that these changes may contribute to the enhanced extinction of nicotine-seeking by NaB.	Nicotine	211-219	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
29246838-0	2018	Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, facilitates tyrosine hydroxylase transcription and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA expression to enhance catecholamine synthesis and its nicotine-evoked elevation in PC12D cells.	Nicotine	192-200	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	55-75
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	44-52	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	184-186
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	89-97	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	184-186
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	89-97	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	184-186
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	89-97	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	184-186
29110618-6	2018	Recent studies have demonstrated that the alpha4, beta2, and alpha7 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) participate in the cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	175-183	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
29172122-2	2018	To examine the potential neural effects of early abstinence, we used arterial spin labeling perfusion fMRI, to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in the resting brain induced by 4h of nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	201-209	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
29158387-4	2017	Here we identified two nonoverlapping alpha5 + cell populations (alpha5- Amigo1 and alpha5- Epyc ) in mouse IPN that respond differentially to nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	epiphycan	Mus musculus	92-96
29158387-5	2017	Chronic nicotine treatment altered the translational profile of more than 1,000 genes in alpha5- Amigo1 neurons, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos1) and somatostatin (Sst).	Nicotine	8-16	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	123-153
29158387-5	2017	Chronic nicotine treatment altered the translational profile of more than 1,000 genes in alpha5- Amigo1 neurons, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos1) and somatostatin (Sst).	Nicotine	8-16	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	155-159
29158387-9	2017	This loss of nicotine reward was mimicked by shRNA-mediated knockdown of Nos1 in the IPN.	Nicotine	13-21	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	73-77
28776196-0	2017	Erratum to: Prenatal nicotine exposure induces HPA axis-hypersensitivity in offspring rats via the intrauterine programming of up-regulation of hippocampal GAD67.	Nicotine	21-29	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
28901402-7	2017	CORM-3 attenuated the LPS- and nicotine-induced production of PGE2, COX-2 and RANKL in human PDLCs by releasing CO, and upregulated the expression of OPG.	Nicotine	31-39	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	150-153
28554773-6	2017	Our results show that in DopEcR knockdown flies, the nicotine-induced Ca2+-response in the MB was significantly enhanced selectively in the medial lobes.	Nicotine	53-61	Dopamine/Ecdysteroid receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	25-31
28554773-7	2017	We then reveal that application of DopEcR"s ligands, ecdysone and dopamine, had different effects on nicotine-induced Ca2+-responses in the MB: ecdysone enhanced activity in the calyx and cell body region in a DopEcR-dependent manner, whereas dopamine reduced activity in the medial lobes independently of DopEcR.	Nicotine	101-109	Dopamine/Ecdysteroid receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	35-41
28554773-7	2017	We then reveal that application of DopEcR"s ligands, ecdysone and dopamine, had different effects on nicotine-induced Ca2+-responses in the MB: ecdysone enhanced activity in the calyx and cell body region in a DopEcR-dependent manner, whereas dopamine reduced activity in the medial lobes independently of DopEcR.	Nicotine	101-109	Dopamine/Ecdysteroid receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	210-216
28554773-7	2017	We then reveal that application of DopEcR"s ligands, ecdysone and dopamine, had different effects on nicotine-induced Ca2+-responses in the MB: ecdysone enhanced activity in the calyx and cell body region in a DopEcR-dependent manner, whereas dopamine reduced activity in the medial lobes independently of DopEcR.	Nicotine	101-109	Dopamine/Ecdysteroid receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	210-216
28733145-8	2017	Our results showed that nicotine dose-dependently induces the apoptosis of HUVECs and adipocytes and is associated with increased IKKbeta and NF-kappaB p65 expression and with IkBalpha degradation.	Nicotine	24-32	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	152-155
28627253-5	2017	The results indicated that nicotine decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) and increased activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) content in the HepG2 cells.	Nicotine	27-35	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	89-110
28627253-5	2017	The results indicated that nicotine decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) and increased activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) content in the HepG2 cells.	Nicotine	27-35	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	112-114
28810650-0	2017	Glutathione S-transferase A1 mediates nicotine-induced lung cancer cell metastasis by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	Nicotine	38-46	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
28810650-1	2017	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) on lung cancer cell viability, invasion and adhesion in the presence of nicotine in vitro.	Nicotine	162-170	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	53-81
28810650-1	2017	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) on lung cancer cell viability, invasion and adhesion in the presence of nicotine in vitro.	Nicotine	162-170	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
28810650-7	2017	The current study indicated that the expression of GSTA1 was increased in A549 cells following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	95-103	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
28810650-9	2017	In addition, the increase in lung cancer cell viability, invasion and adhesion by nicotine was suppressed following GSTA1 knockdown.	Nicotine	82-90	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
28810650-10	2017	Furthermore, GSTA1 affected the expression of EMT markers in nicotine-treated or untreated lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	61-69	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
28810650-11	2017	Thus the present study demonstrates that GSTA1 promotes lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion and mediates the effect of nicotine on lung cancer cell metastasis in vitro.	Nicotine	122-130	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
28750889-6	2017	Nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR mRNA and protein in NSCLC cell lines and activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascade.	Nicotine	0-8	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
28750889-7	2017	Nicotine-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling was inhibited by the silencing of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
28780876-14	2017	The participants clearly articulated the ethnopharmacological knowledge associated with mixing &lt;i&gt;pituri&lt;/i&gt; with wood ash to facilitate the extraction of nicotine from &lt;i&gt;Nicotiana &lt;/i&gt;spp., the results of which were biochemically verified.	Nicotine	167-175	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	210-213
28232370-4	2017	The relevance of these data is interesting from a therapeutic point of view as several agents with potential anti-obesity and/or antidiabetic effects, some currently in clinical use, such as nicotine, metformin and liraglutide are known to act through AMPK, either peripherally or centrally.	Nicotine	191-199	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	252-256
28507526-2	2017	Patients with chronic addiction exhibit reduced dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) availability in the striatum, and the DRD2 TaqIA (rs1800497) and C957T (rs6277) genetic polymorphisms have previously been linked to individual differences in striatal dopamine metabolism and clinical risk for alcohol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	298-306	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	114-118
28358908-8	2017	Plasma level of IL-7 was correlated with corrected QT interval (QTc) and gooseflesh skin withdrawal symptom score, while level of ADAM10 was correlated with plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolite, nicotine metabolite, and R-methadone.	Nicotine	204-212	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	130-136
28298240-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450 2A5 (Cyp2a5), a mouse enzyme orthologous of human CYP2A6, catalyzes a number of toxicologically important reactions, including the metabolism of nicotine, aflatoxin B1, and several other xeno- and endobiotics.	Nicotine	173-181	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	12-31
28298240-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450 2A5 (Cyp2a5), a mouse enzyme orthologous of human CYP2A6, catalyzes a number of toxicologically important reactions, including the metabolism of nicotine, aflatoxin B1, and several other xeno- and endobiotics.	Nicotine	173-181	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	33-39
28252009-3	2017	Here, we found that nicotine can activate the Rho GTPase pathway and induce the synthesis of the cytoskeletal proteins in VSMCs through the activation of intracellular downstream signaling pathways, including targets such as MYPT1, PAK1 and PI3K/AKT.	Nicotine	20-28	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A	Homo sapiens	225-230
28252009-3	2017	Here, we found that nicotine can activate the Rho GTPase pathway and induce the synthesis of the cytoskeletal proteins in VSMCs through the activation of intracellular downstream signaling pathways, including targets such as MYPT1, PAK1 and PI3K/AKT.	Nicotine	20-28	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	232-236
27784625-8	2017	Src-mediated enhancement of GluN2B-NMDAR responses and Fyn-mediated enhancement of GluN2A-NMDAR responses initiate long-term potentiation (LTP) of AMPAR synaptic responses in naive and nicotine-exposed CA1 pyramidal cells, respectively.	Nicotine	185-193	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
27793780-5	2017	The action of nicotine was blocked by 1muM dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE; specific for alpha4* nAChRs), but not 10nM methyllycaconitine (MLA; specific for alpha7* nAChRs).	Nicotine	14-22	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	92-98
29474782-10	2017	Nicotine increased the expression of P38, but not ERK 1/2, ER stress-related proteins and AIF with no changes of VDAC.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
29474782-14	2017	Exposure of cardiac cells to nicotine induced the expression of ERS markers and p38; the ERK 1/2 was highly expressed only in the presence of EGCG.	Nicotine	29-37	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
29474782-14	2017	Exposure of cardiac cells to nicotine induced the expression of ERS markers and p38; the ERK 1/2 was highly expressed only in the presence of EGCG.	Nicotine	29-37	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-96
10525113-4	1999	Multiple injections of nicotine bitartrate (5 mg/kg) elevated mRNA levels for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and of preproneuropeptide Y in rat adrenal medulla more than did 1 mg/kg of nicotine bitartrate.	Nicotine	23-42	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	140-142
10525113-8	1999	In the central nervous system, the chronic infusion of nicotine prevented the induction of TH mRNA by repeated IMO stress in the ventral tegmental area (but not in substantia nigra) and of DBH mRNA by single IMO in the locus ceruleus.	Nicotine	55-63	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	91-93
10768008-2	1999	METHODS: In this study, the role of nicotine on the integrin alpha 2 chain immunocytochemical expression, in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was investigated in vitro.	Nicotine	36-44	integrin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	52-68
27998432-8	2016	Conclusions: Flushing dose of vitamin D3 and nicotine can induce the change of pathology and function of the kidney.Meanwhile, the expression of FGF21 in kidney up-regulated significantly, suggesting that FGF21 may be involved in the occurrence and development of vascular calcification and subsequent kidney injury.	Nicotine	45-53	fibroblast growth factor 21	Rattus norvegicus	205-210
10768008-2	1999	METHODS: In this study, the role of nicotine on the integrin alpha 2 chain immunocytochemical expression, in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was investigated in vitro.	Nicotine	36-44	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	137-140
27840928-11	2016	In addition, the expression levels of CCR2 were reduced in the nicotine group; however, they were increased in the vagotomy group compared with in the untreated CIA group.	Nicotine	63-71	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	38-42
10768008-3	1999	The kinetic induction of this type of integrin on HGF in response to increasing percentage of nicotine was been characterized.	Nicotine	94-102	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	50-53
10768008-6	1999	RESULTS: In control cultures and in HGF treated with 0.025 microM nicotine the initial higher expression of alpha 2 chain decreased (grade 1 in both culture) while in HGF treated with 0.075 microM increased (grade 3).	Nicotine	66-74	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	36-39
27558745-8	2016	NHBE cells exposed to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapour showed impaired ciliary beat frequency, airway surface liquid volume, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and ATP-stimulated K+ ion conductance and decreased expression of FOXJ1 and KCNMA1.	Nicotine	22-30	forkhead box J1	Mus musculus	237-242
27558745-8	2016	NHBE cells exposed to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapour showed impaired ciliary beat frequency, airway surface liquid volume, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and ATP-stimulated K+ ion conductance and decreased expression of FOXJ1 and KCNMA1.	Nicotine	22-30	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	Mus musculus	247-253
10768008-6	1999	RESULTS: In control cultures and in HGF treated with 0.025 microM nicotine the initial higher expression of alpha 2 chain decreased (grade 1 in both culture) while in HGF treated with 0.075 microM increased (grade 3).	Nicotine	66-74	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	167-170
27558745-9	2016	Exposure of NHBE cells to nicotine for 5 days increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion.	Nicotine	26-34	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	79-83
10768008-7	1999	After 48 hours HGF exposed to 0.075 microM nicotine, increased further their expression of alpha 2 chain.	Nicotine	43-51	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	15-18
10530917-1	1999	The purpose was to examine interleukin (IL)-1 concentrations and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in nicotine/arecoline-exposed oral KB CCL17 cultures.	Nicotine	120-128	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	155-160
10530917-8	1999	Nicotine and arecoline therefore significantly increased IL-1 alpha and -1 beta secretions and the surface expression of ICAM-1 in KB CCL17 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	134-139
10522774-5	1999	After 48 h of nicotine exposure, it was found that 600 microg/ml nicotine was strongly cytotoxic to HGF of all groups, with a significant reduction of both proliferation and viability of cells versus control.	Nicotine	65-73	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	100-103
27698211-9	2016	In contrast to wild-type mice, Trpm8-/- showed a strong aversion to mentholated (100 microg/mL) nicotine (200 microg/mL) and preferred nicotine alone.	Nicotine	96-104	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8	Mus musculus	31-36
27698211-9	2016	In contrast to wild-type mice, Trpm8-/- showed a strong aversion to mentholated (100 microg/mL) nicotine (200 microg/mL) and preferred nicotine alone.	Nicotine	135-143	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8	Mus musculus	31-36
27698211-12	2016	Menthol"s effects in relation to nicotine require TRPM8, the cool temperature sensing ion channel that activates analgesic and counterirritant mechanisms.	Nicotine	33-41	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8	Mus musculus	50-55
27460145-4	2016	Incubation with Ws-Lynx1 decreases nicotine-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in PC12 cells and striatal neurons, indicating that binding of Ws-Lynx1 is sufficient to inhibit signaling downstream of nAChRs.	Nicotine	35-43	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
27460145-4	2016	Incubation with Ws-Lynx1 decreases nicotine-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in PC12 cells and striatal neurons, indicating that binding of Ws-Lynx1 is sufficient to inhibit signaling downstream of nAChRs.	Nicotine	35-43	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-178
27460145-5	2016	The effect of nicotine in PC12 cells is independent of alpha7 or alpha4beta2 nAChRs, suggesting that Lynx1 can affect the function of native non-alpha7, non-alpha4beta2 nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	14-22	Ly6/neurotoxin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
27598153-0	2016	Nicotine Suppressed Fetal Adrenal StAR Expression via YY1 Mediated-Histone Deacetylation Modification Mechanism.	Nicotine	0-8	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	34-38
27598153-3	2016	This study further explored the potential role of the transcriptional repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in nicotine-mediated StAR inhibition.	Nicotine	100-108	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	118-122
27598153-7	2016	Prenatal nicotine exposure increased YY1 expression and suppressed StAR expression.	Nicotine	9-17	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	67-71
10522774-8	1999	HGF of non-smokers &lt; or = 25 years, when exposed to nicotine 600 microg/ml, have less viability and proliferation than HGF of smokers of the same age.	Nicotine	55-63	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
27598153-9	2016	Furthermore, in nicotine-treated NCI-H295A cells, nicotine enhanced YY1 expression and inhibited StAR expression.	Nicotine	16-24	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	97-101
27598153-9	2016	Furthermore, in nicotine-treated NCI-H295A cells, nicotine enhanced YY1 expression and inhibited StAR expression.	Nicotine	50-58	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	97-101
10522774-9	1999	Comparison between groups of different age: In the smoker group, untreated HGF (i.e., control values) had similar viability and proliferation, irrespective of age, but nicotine 600 microg/ml kills more HGF in smokers &lt; or = 25 years than in smokers &gt; or = 40 years.	Nicotine	168-176	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	202-205
27598153-11	2016	These data indicated that YY1-medicated histone deacetylation modification in StAR promoters might play an important role in the inhibitory effect of nicotine on StAR expression.	Nicotine	150-158	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	78-82
27598153-11	2016	These data indicated that YY1-medicated histone deacetylation modification in StAR promoters might play an important role in the inhibitory effect of nicotine on StAR expression.	Nicotine	150-158	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	162-166
10522774-11	1999	When challenged with nicotine 600 microg/ml, HGF &lt; or = 25 years were less viable than HGF &gt; or = 40 years.	Nicotine	21-29	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	45-48
10522774-12	1999	From this study, it appears that the smoking history and the patient age could be relevant for final evaluation of the results, since HGF from smokers are less sensitive to nicotine than HGF from non-smokers, and cells from older donors are more resistant to nicotine than cells from younger donors.	Nicotine	173-181	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	134-137
10490998-4	1999	Neuroprotection by this cytokine requires both activation of the p55/TNF receptor type I and the release of TNF-alpha from neurons, and it is inhibited by the plant alkaloid nicotine.	Nicotine	174-182	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	65-88
10453373-1	1999	Our goal was to determine the effect of transdermal nicotine on cytokine and mucin gene transcription in ulcerative colitis (UC).	Nicotine	52-60	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	77-82
27428758-7	2016	Nicotine intake is correlated negatively with Chrnb2, Chrna7 and positively with Drd1 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
27428758-10	2016	Nicotine increased Drd2 mRNA expression only in minimum preferring female rats in STR and PFC.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
10320004-0	1999	Regulation of AP-1 gene transcription factor binding activity in the rat brain during nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	86-94	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
27430399-0	2016	Repeated nicotine exposure modulates prodynorphin and pronociceptin levels in the reward pathway.	Nicotine	9-17	prodynorphin	Rattus norvegicus	37-49
26553320-12	2016	In addition, PDL cell-derived CXCL12 following nicotine treatment recruited CD4(+) T cells.	Nicotine	47-55	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	30-36
26751916-1	2016	Polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA5/CHRNA3 locus) have been associated with several smoking related traits such as nicotine dependence, cigarette consumption, smoking cessation, lung cancer, and COPD.	Nicotine	146-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-73
10320004-1	1999	The effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on activator protein-1 (AP-1) gene transcription factor binding activity in the rat cortex were investigated.	Nicotine	33-41	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-74
26548452-9	2016	LPS- and nicotine-induced p38 phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappaB activation were blocked by Ad-A20.	Nicotine	9-17	TNF alpha induced protein 3	Homo sapiens	102-105
10320004-1	1999	The effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on activator protein-1 (AP-1) gene transcription factor binding activity in the rat cortex were investigated.	Nicotine	33-41	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
26548452-10	2016	Ad-A20 inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of pan-protein kinase C, Akt, GSK-3beta and protein kinase Calpha.	Nicotine	32-40	TNF alpha induced protein 3	Homo sapiens	3-6
26548452-10	2016	Ad-A20 inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of pan-protein kinase C, Akt, GSK-3beta and protein kinase Calpha.	Nicotine	32-40	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	97-106
10320004-3	1999	It was observed that 1 h after acute nicotine treatment (single injection) AP-1 DNA binding activity was significantly increased in the rat cortex.	Nicotine	37-45	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
26548452-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to demonstrate that A20 overexpression has anti-inflammatory effects and blocks osteoclastic differentiation in a nicotine- and LPS-stimulated hPDLC model.	Nicotine	151-159	TNF alpha induced protein 3	Homo sapiens	57-60
10320004-5	1999	However, at 18 and 24 h of nicotine withdrawal after 10 days of nicotine treatment, AP-1 DNA binding activity was significantly decreased in the rat cortex.	Nicotine	27-35	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
27224911-6	2016	Importantly, the recruitment of TAP toward endosomes via TLR4-MyD88-IRAK4 signaling contributes to nicotine-increased cross-presentation and cross-activation of T cells.	Nicotine	99-107	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	62-67
27228072-5	2016	Treatment of cells with nicotine induced the mRNA and protein levels of alpha7 nAChR; this could be abrogated by treatment with inhibitors targeting Src, PI3K, MEK, alpha7 nAChR, CDK4/6 or a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 interaction.	Nicotine	24-32	midkine	Mus musculus	160-163
28296545-6	2017	The areas positive for MMP-12 in the nicotine group were significantly greater than for the control group.	Nicotine	37-45	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
28296545-8	2017	Our findings suggest that MMP-12 is sensitive to nicotine exposure in rats.	Nicotine	49-57	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
28123348-2	2017	The present study tested the hypothesis that perinatal nicotine exposure exacerbated brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal rats through up-regulation of miR-210 expression in the developing brain.	Nicotine	55-63	microRNA 210	Rattus norvegicus	179-186
26786889-0	2016	Inhibitory effects of nicotine derived from cigarette smoke on thymic stromal lymphopoietin production in epidermal keratinocytes.	Nicotine	22-30	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	63-91
10320004-5	1999	However, at 18 and 24 h of nicotine withdrawal after 10 days of nicotine treatment, AP-1 DNA binding activity was significantly decreased in the rat cortex.	Nicotine	64-72	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
28123348-7	2017	In addition, nicotine enhanced miR-210 expression and significantly attenuated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase isoform B (TrkB) protein abundance in the brain.	Nicotine	13-21	microRNA 210	Rattus norvegicus	31-38
28123348-8	2017	Of importance, intracerebroventricular administration of a miR-210 inhibitor (miR-210-LNA) significantly decreased HI-induced brain infarct size and reversed the nicotine-increased vulnerability to brain HI injury in the neonate.	Nicotine	162-170	microRNA 210	Rattus norvegicus	59-66
10320004-6	1999	Thus, these findings suggest that desensitization of cortical AP-1 DNA binding activity may be involved in the neuroadaptational mechanisms to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	143-151	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
28123348-8	2017	Of importance, intracerebroventricular administration of a miR-210 inhibitor (miR-210-LNA) significantly decreased HI-induced brain infarct size and reversed the nicotine-increased vulnerability to brain HI injury in the neonate.	Nicotine	162-170	microRNA 210	Rattus norvegicus	78-85
28123348-9	2017	Furthermore, miR-210-LNA treatment also reversed nicotine-mediated down-regulation of BDNF and TrkB protein expression in the neonatal brains.	Nicotine	49-57	microRNA 210	Rattus norvegicus	13-20
26786889-3	2016	In the present study, we evaluated the role of nicotine, the main constituent in cigarette smoke extract, and its underlying mechanism of action in the regulation of TSLP expression.	Nicotine	47-55	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	166-170
26786889-4	2016	We found that nicotine significantly inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced TSLP expression in BALB/c mice and the mouse keratinocyte cell line PAM212.	Nicotine	14-22	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	98-102
26786889-5	2016	Nicotine inhibition of TSLP production was abolished by pretreatments with alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) antagonists, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors.	Nicotine	0-8	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	23-27
28123348-10	2017	These findings provide novel evidence that the increased miR-210 plays a causal role in perinatal nicotine-induced developmental programming of ischemic sensitive phenotype in the brain.	Nicotine	98-106	microRNA 210	Rattus norvegicus	57-64
10636470-3	1999	In primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, reporter gene expression from transiently transfected 3- and 0.9-kb-containing PNMT promoter constructs is stimulated approximately twofold by nicotine and muscarine.	Nicotine	209-217	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	145-149
29348704-7	2017	When cells were pretreated with PNU-282987, nicotine-induced activations of ERK1/2 and c-Jun in RAW264.7 cells and c-Jun in MOVAS cells were effectively inhibited.	Nicotine	44-52	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	87-92
29348704-8	2017	Furthermore, nicotine-induced secretions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES were remarkably downregulated.	Nicotine	13-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	51-56
29348704-9	2017	Treatment with alpha7-nAChR agonist inhibits nicotine-induced upregulation of MMP and inflammatory cytokines through modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 signaling in RAW264.7 cells and AP-1 in MOVAS cells, providing a new therapeutic for abdominal aortic aneurysm.	Nicotine	45-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	128-134
29348704-9	2017	Treatment with alpha7-nAChR agonist inhibits nicotine-induced upregulation of MMP and inflammatory cytokines through modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 signaling in RAW264.7 cells and AP-1 in MOVAS cells, providing a new therapeutic for abdominal aortic aneurysm.	Nicotine	45-53	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	135-139
29348704-9	2017	Treatment with alpha7-nAChR agonist inhibits nicotine-induced upregulation of MMP and inflammatory cytokines through modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 signaling in RAW264.7 cells and AP-1 in MOVAS cells, providing a new therapeutic for abdominal aortic aneurysm.	Nicotine	45-53	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	172-176
26418512-6	2016	Only the CaMK II inhibitor was found to exert an inhibitory effect on nicotine-mediated IL-8 secretion.	Nicotine	70-78	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	9-16
26418512-8	2016	Although nicotine stimulation induced the phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit, pre-treatment with BAPTA-AM was found to inhibit this activity significantly.	Nicotine	9-17	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	75-78
26418512-10	2016	The results from this study indicate that the binding of nicotine to nAChR induces Ca(2+) influx, which results in the activation and phosphorylation of CaMK II and NF-kappaB p65, respectively.	Nicotine	57-65	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	153-160
26418512-10	2016	The results from this study indicate that the binding of nicotine to nAChR induces Ca(2+) influx, which results in the activation and phosphorylation of CaMK II and NF-kappaB p65, respectively.	Nicotine	57-65	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	175-178
10636470-6	1999	Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) with oligonucleotides encoding these regions of the PNMT promoter revealed distinctions in migration of nuclear protein complexes formed following treatment of chromaffin cells with nicotine, muscarine, or 50 mM K+.	Nicotine	228-236	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	98-102
26932165-8	2016	An in vitro study of human airway epithelial cells (A549) and a human monocytic cell line (THP-1) demonstrated that PI3 messenger RNA levels were significantly altered by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	171-179	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	116-119
9886920-0	1999	Differing temporal roles of Ca2+ and cAMP in nicotine-elicited elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA.	Nicotine	45-53	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	76-96
27862958-8	2017	We highlighted proteins, including APP, APLP2, LAPTM4B, and NCOA4, which were dysregulated by nicotine in all cell lines investigated and may have implications in downstream signaling pathways, particularly autophagy.	Nicotine	94-102	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
9886920-1	1999	The involvement of cAMP- and Ca2+-mediated pathways in the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression by nicotine was examined in PC-12 cells.	Nicotine	118-126	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	73-93
27157710-1	2016	Studies with heterologous expression systems have shown that the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype can exist in two stoichiometries (with two [(alpha4)2(beta2)3] or three [(alpha4)3(beta2)2] copies of the alpha subunit in the receptor pentamer) which have different pharmacological and functional properties and are differently regulated by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	376-384	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	65-71
27157710-5	2016	For cortex exposure to chronic nicotine elicited an increase in receptor density measured by (3)H-epibatidine binding, an increase in the alpha4 and beta2 protein levels, and an increase in beta2/alpha4 subunit ratio, that indicates an increased proportion of receptors with the (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	31-39	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	138-144
27157710-5	2016	For cortex exposure to chronic nicotine elicited an increase in receptor density measured by (3)H-epibatidine binding, an increase in the alpha4 and beta2 protein levels, and an increase in beta2/alpha4 subunit ratio, that indicates an increased proportion of receptors with the (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	31-39	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	196-202
27157710-5	2016	For cortex exposure to chronic nicotine elicited an increase in receptor density measured by (3)H-epibatidine binding, an increase in the alpha4 and beta2 protein levels, and an increase in beta2/alpha4 subunit ratio, that indicates an increased proportion of receptors with the (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	31-39	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	196-202
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
26083055-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nicotine exposure on root resorption in an in vivo rat model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), and its association with odontoclastogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression.	Nicotine	40-48	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	187-238
26083055-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nicotine exposure on root resorption in an in vivo rat model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), and its association with odontoclastogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression.	Nicotine	40-48	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	240-245
26083055-10	2016	Also, the nicotine-treated group displayed significantly higher number of odontoclasts and elevated RANKL expression compared to the control groups.	Nicotine	10-18	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
26083055-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: In an in vivo rat model, nicotine exposure promotes odontoclastogenesis and RANKL expression, evoking aggravated root resorption during OTM.	Nicotine	38-46	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
26928076-4	2016	Adult mice with genetic or pharmacological reduction in p-eIF2alpha-mediated translation are more susceptible to nicotine"s synaptic effects, like adolescents.	Nicotine	113-121	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	58-67
9886920-1	1999	The involvement of cAMP- and Ca2+-mediated pathways in the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression by nicotine was examined in PC-12 cells.	Nicotine	118-126	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	95-97
26871405-5	2016	Interestingly, prior nicotine self-administration attenuated methamphetamine-induced decreases in DAT function when assessed 24 h, but not 1 h, after methamphetamine treatment (4x7.5 mg/kg/injection).	Nicotine	21-29	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9886920-2	1999	Extracellular Ca2+ and elevations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were required for nicotine to increase TH mRNA.	Nicotine	98-106	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	119-121
26871405-6	2016	The ability of nicotine to attenuate the effects of methamphetamine on DAT function corresponded with increases in alpha4beta2*, but not alpha6beta2*, nAChR binding density.	Nicotine	15-23	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
9886920-10	1999	DDA also blocked the elevation of TH mRNA only when added after the initial transient rise in [Ca2+]i and not after 1 h. This study reveals that several temporal phases are involved in the induction of TH gene expression by nicotine, each of them with differing requirements for Ca2+ and cAMP.	Nicotine	224-232	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	34-36
26911419-6	2016	Both nicotine- and galantamine-induced rotations were significantly blocked by flupenthixol (an antagonist of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors) and mecamylamine (an antagonist of nAChRs), suggesting that galantamine modulation of nAChRs on striatal dopaminergic terminals regulates dopamine receptor-mediated movement.	Nicotine	5-13	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	115-143
9886920-10	1999	DDA also blocked the elevation of TH mRNA only when added after the initial transient rise in [Ca2+]i and not after 1 h. This study reveals that several temporal phases are involved in the induction of TH gene expression by nicotine, each of them with differing requirements for Ca2+ and cAMP.	Nicotine	224-232	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	202-204
26918336-8	2016	Although nicotine had no effect on total cardiac glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) protein expression, it significantly increased the phosphorylation of GSK3beta at serine 9 residue in the heart.	Nicotine	9-17	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	161-169
9712192-4	1998	Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitors further increased the excretion of methylamine induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	114-122	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Mus musculus	0-37
26918336-9	2016	NAC inhibited nicotine-mediated increase in ROS production, recovered PKCepsilon gene expression and abrogated increased phosphorylation of GSK3beta.	Nicotine	14-22	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	140-148
26472220-0	2016	Nicotine reduces the levels of surfactant proteins A and D via Wnt/beta-catenin and PKC signaling in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	31-58
26472220-0	2016	Nicotine reduces the levels of surfactant proteins A and D via Wnt/beta-catenin and PKC signaling in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	63-66
26472220-2	2016	We recently showed that in vitro nicotine exposure induces Wnt3a/beta-catenin activation, which is a pathway that has also been implicated in altering levels of SP-A and SP-D.	Nicotine	33-41	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	59-64
26472220-2	2016	We recently showed that in vitro nicotine exposure induces Wnt3a/beta-catenin activation, which is a pathway that has also been implicated in altering levels of SP-A and SP-D.	Nicotine	33-41	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	161-165
26472220-4	2016	The main aim of this study was to investigate whether human bronchial epithelial cells reduce levels of SP-A and SP-D in vitro following nicotine stimulation via the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway.	Nicotine	137-145	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	104-108
26472220-4	2016	The main aim of this study was to investigate whether human bronchial epithelial cells reduce levels of SP-A and SP-D in vitro following nicotine stimulation via the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway.	Nicotine	137-145	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	166-171
26472220-5	2016	We showed that nicotine activated the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway, and this activation was accompanied by a decrease in SP-A and SP-D expression.	Nicotine	15-23	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	38-43
26472220-5	2016	We showed that nicotine activated the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway, and this activation was accompanied by a decrease in SP-A and SP-D expression.	Nicotine	15-23	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	137-141
27282133-1	2016	Cinnamaldehyde and nicotine activate the transient receptor potential subtype A1 (TRPA1) channel, which may cause burning sensations.	Nicotine	19-27	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	41-80
27282133-1	2016	Cinnamaldehyde and nicotine activate the transient receptor potential subtype A1 (TRPA1) channel, which may cause burning sensations.	Nicotine	19-27	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
26802568-5	2016	The review focused on the effects of systemic (i.p., i.v., s.c.) administration of the mGluR5 NAMs 3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) and 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) on paradigms with cocaine, ethanol, nicotine, and food in rats.	Nicotine	230-238	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	87-93
27327258-0	2016	Crucial roles of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster on chromosome 8 in nicotine dependence: update and subjects for future research.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 6	Mus musculus	28-34
26492471-0	2016	Nighttime Administration of Nicotine Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism via the Hypothalamic Orexin System in Mice.	Nicotine	28-36	hypocretin	Mus musculus	94-100
26492471-3	2016	The oral intake of nicotine in drinking water, which mainly occurred during the nighttime active period, enhanced daily hypothalamic prepro-orexin gene expression and reduced hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without affecting body weight, body fat content, and serum levels of insulin.	Nicotine	19-27	hypocretin	Mus musculus	133-146
9712192-4	1998	Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitors further increased the excretion of methylamine induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	114-122	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Mus musculus	39-43
26492471-5	2016	The chronic oral treatment with nicotine suppressed the mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, in the liver of db/db and wild-type control mice.	Nicotine	32-40	glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic	Mus musculus	71-92
9712192-7	1998	The findings support the idea that nicotine can enhance SSAO/methylamine-mediated increase of formaldehyde and oxidative stress and this could in part contribute the adverse effect of health associated with smoking.	Nicotine	35-43	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Mus musculus	56-60
26492471-6	2016	In the pyruvate tolerance test to evaluate hepatic gluconeogenic activity, the oral nicotine treatment moderately suppressed glucose elevations in normal mice and mice lacking dopamine receptors, whereas this effect was abolished in orexin-deficient mice and hepatic parasympathectomized mice.	Nicotine	84-92	hypocretin	Mus musculus	233-239
9830671-1	1998	Thirty-three subjects with chronic rhinitis used nicotine nasal spray in an open study as an aid in smoking cessation.	Nicotine	49-57	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	93-96
26492471-8	2016	These results indicated that the chronic daily administration of nicotine suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis via the hypothalamic orexin-parasympathetic nervous system.	Nicotine	65-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-136
26881175-8	2016	Nicotinic cholinergic receptors tonically protect the colon against inflammation and nicotine inhibits toxin A colitis but not toxin A ileitis in rats in part by inhibition of toxin A-induced activation of TRPV1 by endogenous TRPV1 agonists such as LTB4.	Nicotine	85-93	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-211
27172239-7	2016	In our recent studies, we identified a microRNA (nta-miRX27) and also a lncRNA (nta-eTMX27) as an endogenous target mimicry (eTM) in tobacco targeting the nicotine biosynthesis key gene QPT2 encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT) and thereby regulating the nicotine content.	Nicotine	155-163	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	186-190
27172239-7	2016	In our recent studies, we identified a microRNA (nta-miRX27) and also a lncRNA (nta-eTMX27) as an endogenous target mimicry (eTM) in tobacco targeting the nicotine biosynthesis key gene QPT2 encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT) and thereby regulating the nicotine content.	Nicotine	155-163	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	200-237
27172239-7	2016	In our recent studies, we identified a microRNA (nta-miRX27) and also a lncRNA (nta-eTMX27) as an endogenous target mimicry (eTM) in tobacco targeting the nicotine biosynthesis key gene QPT2 encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT) and thereby regulating the nicotine content.	Nicotine	271-279	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	186-190
27172239-7	2016	In our recent studies, we identified a microRNA (nta-miRX27) and also a lncRNA (nta-eTMX27) as an endogenous target mimicry (eTM) in tobacco targeting the nicotine biosynthesis key gene QPT2 encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT) and thereby regulating the nicotine content.	Nicotine	271-279	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	200-237
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	arginase 1	Homo sapiens	277-287
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	arginase 1	Homo sapiens	289-294
9830671-5	1998	In conclusion, this study confirms the short-term safety of the nicotine nasal spray as an aid in smoking cessation.	Nicotine	64-72	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	91-94
26870265-0	2016	Nicotine enhances hepatocyte growth factor-mediated lung cancer cell migration by activating the alpha7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor and phosphoinositide kinase-3-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	18-42
9699686-3	1998	Such knowledge might help in the development of new behavioral and pharmacological therapies to aid in treating nicotine dependence and to improve smoking cessation success rates.	Nicotine	112-120	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	96-99
26870265-9	2016	It was observed that nicotine did not induce cell migration by itself, but that it instead promoted HGF-induced cell migration.	Nicotine	21-29	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	100-103
26870265-12	2016	Nicotine did not induce Akt phosphorylation by itself, but instead promoted the HGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	80-83
26870265-14	2016	The results from the present study indicate that nicotine, when alone, does not have a pro-migratory function, but instead enhances responsiveness to the pro-migratory stimulus emitted by HGF.	Nicotine	49-57	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	188-191
26870265-15	2016	The current study provides an insight into the mechanism of tumor promotion by demonstrating that nicotine and alpha7-nAchRs act in synergy with the HGF-induced PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to HGF, and thereby promoting cell migration, a vital step in invasion and metastasis.	Nicotine	98-106	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	149-152
26870265-15	2016	The current study provides an insight into the mechanism of tumor promotion by demonstrating that nicotine and alpha7-nAchRs act in synergy with the HGF-induced PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to HGF, and thereby promoting cell migration, a vital step in invasion and metastasis.	Nicotine	98-106	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	240-243
26588686-7	2015	Additionally, nicotine-induced MMP-9 expression was found to be mediated in an iPLA2beta dependent manner.	Nicotine	14-22	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	31-36
26588686-10	2015	Immunohistochemical analysis showed BEL decreased nicotine-induced MMP-9, HIF-1alpha, and CD31 tumor tissue expression.	Nicotine	50-58	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	67-72
26588686-10	2015	Immunohistochemical analysis showed BEL decreased nicotine-induced MMP-9, HIF-1alpha, and CD31 tumor tissue expression.	Nicotine	50-58	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	90-94
26588686-12	2015	CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that nicotine-induced migration is mediated by MMP-9 production in an iPLA2beta dependent manner.	Nicotine	45-53	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	87-92
27038133-3	2016	This study examined the effects of two prominent risk factors for SIDS, intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) (prone-sleeping) and chronic nicotine exposure (cigarette-smoking), on orexin A (OxA) and orexin B (OxB) expression in piglets.	Nicotine	140-148	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	182-188
27038133-6	2016	Nicotine and N + IHH exposures significantly increased: (i) orexin expression in the hypothalamus and pons; and (ii) the total number of neurons in the DMH and PeF.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	60-66
27038133-9	2016	These results demonstrate that postnatal nicotine exposure increases the proportion of orexin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus and fibre expression in the pons, and that IHH exposure does not prevent the nicotine-induced increase.	Nicotine	41-49	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	87-93
26837599-0	2016	Nicotine may affect the secretion of adipokines leptin, resistin, and visfatin through activation of KATP channel.	Nicotine	0-8	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-78
26837599-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine may affect the secretion of adipokines leptin, resistin, and visfatin through activation of KATP channel.	Nicotine	13-21	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	83-91
9749753-2	1998	The major isoform of nAChR in the brain is made up of the alpha4 and beta2 subunits and possesses a high affinity for nicotine.	Nicotine	118-126	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	58-64
26490035-0	2016	Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enhances cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in mice.	Nicotine	83-91	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	14-37
26490035-0	2016	Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enhances cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in mice.	Nicotine	83-91	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	39-43
26490035-5	2016	METHODS: Here, we investigated the effects of the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 on nicotine self-administration under fixed and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement and on cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in mice.	Nicotine	75-83	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	50-54
26490035-8	2016	MAGL inhibition by JZL184 (16 mg/kg) increased reinstatement of previously extinguished nicotine seeking induced by presentation of nicotine-associated cues, but did not produce reinstatement on its own.	Nicotine	88-96	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	0-4
26490035-8	2016	MAGL inhibition by JZL184 (16 mg/kg) increased reinstatement of previously extinguished nicotine seeking induced by presentation of nicotine-associated cues, but did not produce reinstatement on its own.	Nicotine	132-140	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	0-4
26327163-6	2015	The expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA in cortical microglia was significantly increased 6 and 12h after treatment with nicotine, and this increase was potently inhibited by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nACh receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	139-147	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-44
26327163-6	2015	The expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA in cortical microglia was significantly increased 6 and 12h after treatment with nicotine, and this increase was potently inhibited by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nACh receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	139-147	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
26327163-7	2015	The treatment with nicotine also significantly increased FGF-2 protein expression.	Nicotine	19-27	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
26025503-7	2015	In turn this allows lynx1 to limit the ability of nicotine to upregulate levels of mucin which is mediated by GABAergic signaling.	Nicotine	50-58	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	83-88
9658190-4	1998	Chemical inhibition of either MAPK or MAPK kinase blocked the response of a transfected chromogranin A promoter to nicotine or protein kinase C activation [by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)], although nicotine-evoked catecholamine secretion was unaffected.	Nicotine	115-123	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	88-102
26386845-0	2015	CX3CR1 Mediates Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia via Microglial P38 MAPK Signaling.	Nicotine	16-24	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
26864774-2	2016	FAAH inhibition has been recently identified as having a critical involvement in behaviors related to nicotine addiction and has been shown to reduce the effect of nicotine on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system via CB1R and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Nicotine	102-110	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
26864774-2	2016	FAAH inhibition has been recently identified as having a critical involvement in behaviors related to nicotine addiction and has been shown to reduce the effect of nicotine on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system via CB1R and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Nicotine	164-172	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
26864774-4	2016	OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore the mechanism of action of the inhibitor of FAAH activity, URB597, on relapse to nicotine seeking by evaluating the effect of the CB1R, CB2R, and PPARalpha antagonists on the attenuating effect of URB597 on cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rats.	Nicotine	118-126	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
26501380-12	2015	Pooling five studies of nicotine lozenges did increase tobacco abstinence (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.59, 1529 participants) but confidence in this estimate is low as the result is sensitive to the exclusion of three trials which did not use a placebo control.Statistical heterogeneity was evident among the 17 trials of behavioural interventions: eight of them reported statistically and clinically significant benefits; six suggested benefit but with wide CIs and no statistical significance; and three had similar intervention and control quit rates and relatively narrow CIs.	Nicotine	24-32	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	75-79
9658190-4	1998	Chemical inhibition of either MAPK or MAPK kinase blocked the response of a transfected chromogranin A promoter to nicotine or protein kinase C activation [by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)], although nicotine-evoked catecholamine secretion was unaffected.	Nicotine	208-216	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	88-102
26474621-10	2015	CONCLUSION: P.g-LPS in combination with nicotine could recruit monocytes to endothelial lesion through up-regulation of CCL-8, and promote adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells through enhancement of Vcam-1/VLA4alpha and OX40/OX40L interactions, which could be involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	40-48	C-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	120-125
26449981-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies identified DRD2 Taq1A A1-allele carriers as vulnerable to developing nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	99-107	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	41-45
26449981-13	2015	However, this study showed that parental smoking increased the chances of developing dependence more rapidly for early adolescents who are considered to be less sensitive to the rewarding effects of nicotine according to their DRD2 Taq1A genotype.	Nicotine	199-207	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	227-231
26721233-0	2016	Restoration of miR-98 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on the differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes.	Nicotine	56-64	microRNA 98	Homo sapiens	15-21
26721233-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To study whether miR-98 participates in the effects of nicotine on myocardial differentiation.	Nicotine	66-74	microRNA 98	Homo sapiens	28-34
26721233-2	2016	RESULTS: By western blot, MTT and flow cytometry assays, we found that nicotine suppresses P19 cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and apoptosis, and promotes proliferation, while restoration of miR-98 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on the P19 cell differentiation.	Nicotine	241-249	microRNA 98	Homo sapiens	200-206
26721233-5	2016	In summary, nicotine restrains differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes and decreases the level of miR-98.	Nicotine	12-20	microRNA 98	Homo sapiens	107-113
26721233-6	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Restoration of miR-98 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on differentiation of P19 cells via targeting the 3"-UTR of Wnt1, which offers novel insights into our understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of congenital heart defects.	Nicotine	69-77	microRNA 98	Homo sapiens	28-34
26667487-0	2016	Nicotine Reduces Survival via Augmentation of Paracrine HGF-MET Signaling in the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment.	Nicotine	0-8	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	56-59
26667487-7	2016	In culture, nicotine-stimulated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion in primary patient-derived TAS and nicotine stimulation was required for persistent pancreatic cancer cell c-Met activation in a coculture model.	Nicotine	12-20	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
9658190-8	1998	Point mutations of the chromogranin A CRE suggested that this element was necessary in cis for stimulation by nicotine, PMA, or chemical activation of the MAPK pathway.	Nicotine	110-118	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	23-37
26246450-3	2015	In this work, we identified four unique tobacco-specific miRNAs that were predicted to target key genes of the nicotine biosynthesis and catabolism pathways and an eTM, novel tobacco miRNA (nta)-eTMX27, for nta-miRX27 that targets QUINOLINATE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE2 (QPT2) encoding a quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase.	Nicotine	111-119	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	231-269
9658190-10	1998	Expression of the CREB antagonist KCREB blocked the response of the chromogranin A promoter to nicotine, cAMP, or MAPK pathway activation by either chemical stimulation or cotransfection of active cascade components.	Nicotine	95-103	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	68-82
26246450-3	2015	In this work, we identified four unique tobacco-specific miRNAs that were predicted to target key genes of the nicotine biosynthesis and catabolism pathways and an eTM, novel tobacco miRNA (nta)-eTMX27, for nta-miRX27 that targets QUINOLINATE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE2 (QPT2) encoding a quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase.	Nicotine	111-119	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	271-275
26246450-4	2015	The expression level of nta-miRX27 was significantly down-regulated, while that of QPT2 and nta-eTMX27 was significantly up-regulated after topping, and consequently, nicotine content increased in the topping-treated plants.	Nicotine	167-175	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	83-87
25861697-0	2016	Association of Long-Term Nicotine Abstinence With Normal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-5 Binding.	Nicotine	25-33	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Homo sapiens	57-90
25861697-3	2016	The goal of this study was to examine the role of mGluR5 downregulation in nicotine addiction by investigating a group of long-term ex-smokers (abstinence &gt;1.5 years), and to explore associations between mGluR5 binding and relapse in recent ex-smokers.	Nicotine	75-83	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	50-56
9603199-3	1998	We found that the PI 3-kinase heterodimer consisting of the regulatory and catalytic subunits was associated essentially with the subplasmalemmal cytoskeleton in both resting and nicotine-stimulated chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	179-187	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
25861697-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that downregulation of mGluR5 is a pathogenetic mechanism underlying nicotine dependence and the high relapse rate in individuals previously exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	57-63
25861697-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that downregulation of mGluR5 is a pathogenetic mechanism underlying nicotine dependence and the high relapse rate in individuals previously exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	186-194	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	57-63
25861697-8	2016	Therefore, mGluR5 receptor binding appears to be an effective biomarker in smoking and a promising target for the discovery of novel medication for nicotine dependence and other substance-related disorders.	Nicotine	148-156	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	11-17
26317299-6	2016	Our data suggest that insulin signaling genes, daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, and akt-2, modulate behavioral responses to nicotine in C. elegans, indicating a genetic link between nicotine behavior and insulin signaling.	Nicotine	119-127	Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	68-73
26317299-6	2016	Our data suggest that insulin signaling genes, daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, and akt-2, modulate behavioral responses to nicotine in C. elegans, indicating a genetic link between nicotine behavior and insulin signaling.	Nicotine	119-127	Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	79-84
26317299-6	2016	Our data suggest that insulin signaling genes, daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, and akt-2, modulate behavioral responses to nicotine in C. elegans, indicating a genetic link between nicotine behavior and insulin signaling.	Nicotine	177-185	Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	79-84
26192093-6	2015	Moreover, we observed an overexpression of the DRD2 gene in adult offspring stressed in utero and a downregulation in the PS NIC group (PS rats treated with nicotine) compared with their control counterparts (C NIC).	Nicotine	157-165	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
9582452-0	1998	Continuous treatment with nicotine increases diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) and its mRNA in the mouse brain.	Nicotine	26-34	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	73-76
9582452-1	1998	Effect of chronic treatment with nicotine on DBI and its mRNA in mouse cerebral cortex were examined.	Nicotine	33-41	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	45-48
25603899-8	2015	SNPs in the alcohol metabolizing genes, in the cholinergic gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, and in the DRD2 and ANNK1 genes, are, to date, the most replicated and significant gene variants associated with alcohol- and nicotine-related phenotypes.	Nicotine	220-228	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	105-109
26135009-7	2015	Chemical inhibition of UGT enzymes in HLM demonstrated that nicotine (UGT2B10 inhibitor) but not hecogenin (UGT1A4 inhibitor) completely inhibited the conversion of desloratadine (1 microM) to 3-hydroxydesloratadine in HLM fortified with both NADPH and UDP-glucuronic acid.	Nicotine	60-68	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	23-26
26556892-8	2016	Transferrin and beta-catenin expressions were not changed, but vimentin was significantly reduced in the early stages of the seminiferous cycle of the nicotine-exposed adult rats.	Nicotine	151-159	vimentin	Rattus norvegicus	63-71
26756459-18	2016	Nicotine probably increases the risk of postoperative nausea (seven trials, RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50; moderate quality evidence).	Nicotine	0-8	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	76-80
9582452-2	1998	Continuous treatment of mice with nicotine significantly increased DBI content and its mRNA expression, which was completely abolished by simultaneous administration of mecamylamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.).	Nicotine	34-42	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	67-70
9582452-3	1998	These results indicate that chronic functional interaction between nicotine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors has a critical role in increases in DBI content and its mRNA expression.	Nicotine	67-75	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	150-153
9415712-3	1997	Treatment of chromaffin cells with nicotine produces a concentration-dependent increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity (IC50 = 1.2 microM) that is reduced if NPY is present during stimulation.	Nicotine	35-43	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	160-163
25146369-8	2016	In direct contrast to previously described NPY(+) LTS and NGF cells, LTS-like 5HT3a(EGFP) cells show robust responses to nicotine administration, while the 5HT3a(EGFP) NGF cell type shows little or no response.	Nicotine	121-129	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A	Mus musculus	78-83
25581751-3	2015	The present in vitro study assessed the effects of nicotine and cotinine (long-acting metabolite of nicotine) on the attachment and viability of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells to tooth root surfaces.	Nicotine	51-59	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	172-175
25581751-3	2015	The present in vitro study assessed the effects of nicotine and cotinine (long-acting metabolite of nicotine) on the attachment and viability of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells to tooth root surfaces.	Nicotine	100-108	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	172-175
25581751-11	2015	High concentrations of nicotine and cotinine have adverse effects on the cell adhesion and proliferation of HGF cells.	Nicotine	23-31	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	108-111
9415712-7	1997	Examination of the effect of NPY on nicotine stimulation of chromaffin cell protein phosphorylation showed that NPY produces a concentration-dependent decrease in a 60-kDa protein, IC50 = 6.4 nM.	Nicotine	36-44	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	29-32
9415712-7	1997	Examination of the effect of NPY on nicotine stimulation of chromaffin cell protein phosphorylation showed that NPY produces a concentration-dependent decrease in a 60-kDa protein, IC50 = 6.4 nM.	Nicotine	36-44	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	112-115
25503516-8	2015	Additionally, exposure of human macrophages to nicotine activated AMPK and induced IL-8 and that these effects were lessened by hexamethonium or compound C, implying that nicotine in CS may be causative.	Nicotine	47-55	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	66-70
26496817-7	2016	In SH-SY5Y cell line and rat primary hippocampal cell culture low endogenous BAG2 levels constitute an intracellular environment conducive to nicotine-induced accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein.	Nicotine	142-150	BAG cochaperone 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
9250233-5	1997	OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of the nicotine inhaler as an aid in smoking cessation.	Nicotine	53-61	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	76-79
27688602-8	2016	In conclusion, SP600125 attenuates nicotine plus AngII-induced AAA formation likely by inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES.	Nicotine	35-43	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	105-110
25754762-1	2015	Inhibition of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) counteracts reward-related effects of nicotine in rats, but it has not been tested for this purpose in non-human primates.	Nicotine	97-105	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
9250233-14	1997	CONCLUSION: The nicotine inhaler was an effective smoking cessation aid that produced a few mild and transient adverse effects.	Nicotine	16-24	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	68-71
25998026-15	2015	Higher activity of CYP2A5 (CYP2A6 human ortholog) could lead to altered metabolism of drug substrates of this enzyme (valproic acid, nicotine, methoxyflurane).	Nicotine	133-141	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	19-25
26463278-8	2015	Co-exposure to nicotine and PCB 95 increased hepatic CYP2B1 mRNA but did not change CYP2B protein levels relative to vehicle control animals.	Nicotine	15-23	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-59
9388554-0	1997	Contribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the beta 2-subunit to the behavioural effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	110-118	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	65-71
26463278-10	2015	Quantification of CYP2B3, CYP3A2 and CYP1A2 mRNA identified significant effects of nicotine and PCB 95 co-exposure on hepatic CYP3A2 and hippocampal CYP1A2 transcripts.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
26463278-10	2015	Quantification of CYP2B3, CYP3A2 and CYP1A2 mRNA identified significant effects of nicotine and PCB 95 co-exposure on hepatic CYP3A2 and hippocampal CYP1A2 transcripts.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
26318101-9	2015	Moreover, mice lacking the beta3 subunit showed reduced voluntary nicotine consumption compared that of wildtype animals.	Nicotine	66-74	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 3 subunit	Mus musculus	27-32
26269589-7	2015	We also used single molecule fluorescence studies to show that cotinine and nicotine both alter the assembly of alpha4beta2 receptors to favor the high sensitivity (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	76-84	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
25647695-0	2015	Modulation of nicotine effects on selective attention by DRD2 and CHRNA4 gene polymorphisms.	Nicotine	14-22	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	57-61
25647695-4	2015	OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether CHRNA4 and DRD2 genotypes alter the effects of nicotine on distractor interference.	Nicotine	90-98	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	54-58
25647695-7	2015	RESULTS: In isolation, DRD2 but not CHRNA4 genotype modulated the effects of nicotine on distractor interference with DRD2 CC carriers showing the strongest reduction of distractor interference after nicotine administration.	Nicotine	77-85	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	118-122
9144319-7	1997	To clarify the underlying mechanism, we measured and compared the effects of low [Na+]o and the cholinergic agonists nicotine and oxo-M on changes in [Ca2+]i; we studied the effects of these agonists on both membrane potential, Vm (under current clamp conditions), and [Ca2+]i by single cell microfluorimetry (indo-1 as Ca2+ indicator).	Nicotine	117-125	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	151-154
25640319-0	2015	The possible role of maternal bonding style and CHRNB2 gene polymorphisms in nicotine dependence and related depressive phenotype.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-54
26165094-0	2015	[The effect of nicotine on adipose tissue through AMPK alpha2].	Nicotine	15-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-61
25802079-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence for efficacy of positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2 in nonhuman primate models of nicotine reinforcement and relapse.	Nicotine	131-139	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	94-100
26257022-8	2015	The effect of tranylcypromine on low-dose nicotine self-administration was observed regardless of whether the injection was delivered 1-h or 23-h prior to the self-administration session, consistent with the interpretation that MAO inhibition was responsible for the increase in self-administration, instead of acute off-target effects.	Nicotine	42-50	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
26257022-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that this cocktail of constituents does not significantly alter the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, but constituents that inhibit MAO may increase the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, especially at low doses.	Nicotine	223-231	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
9178349-0	1997	Interaction of nicotine and a H2-receptor antagonist, famotidine, on gastrin and chromogranin A expression.	Nicotine	15-23	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	81-95
26235957-0	2015	Striatal NOS1 has dimorphic expression and activity under stress and nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	69-77	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	9-13
26310325-7	2015	Consistently, treatment of ERG-expressing cells with nicotine induced elevated calcium influx, GSK3beta (Ser9) phosphorylation and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	53-61	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	95-103
25273375-0	2015	NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and smoking motives as intermediate phenotypes for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12	Homo sapiens	6-11
25273375-0	2015	NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and smoking motives as intermediate phenotypes for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	18-22
25273375-8	2015	RESULTS: NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region loci and haplotypes were significantly associated with the motive of Automaticity and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	234-242	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12	Homo sapiens	15-20
9178349-7	1997	Administration of nicotine and famotidine also upregulated stomach CGA gene expression (i.e., mRNA and protein levels) significantly.	Nicotine	18-26	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
8869420-0	1996	Stimulation of colonic mucin synthesis by corticosteroids and nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	23-28
25668718-3	2015	These alterations in SMN axon morphology coincided with muscle degeneration at high nicotine concentrations (15-30 muM).	Nicotine	84-92	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Danio rerio	21-24
25668718-4	2015	Previous work showed that the paralytic mutant zebrafish known as sofa potato exhibited nicotine-induced effects onto SMN axons at these high concentrations but in the absence of any muscle deficits, indicating that pathfinding errors could occur independent of muscle effects.	Nicotine	88-96	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Danio rerio	118-121
25668718-6	2015	We found that nicotine exposure can affect SMN axon morphology in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	14-22	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Danio rerio	43-46
25668718-7	2015	At low concentrations of nicotine, SMN axons exhibited pathfinding errors, in the absence of any nicotine-induced muscle abnormalities.	Nicotine	25-33	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Danio rerio	35-38
25668718-8	2015	Moreover, the nicotine exposure paradigms used affected the 3 subpopulations of SMN axons differently, but the dorsal projecting SMN axons were primarily affected.	Nicotine	14-22	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Danio rerio	80-83
25668718-9	2015	We then identified morphologically distinct pathfinding errors that best described the nicotine-induced effects on dorsal projecting SMN axons.	Nicotine	87-95	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Danio rerio	133-136
25981209-11	2015	Expression of nicotine-induced CPP was accompanied by an increase of phospho-CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein) and HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) expression in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	14-22	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
25981209-11	2015	Expression of nicotine-induced CPP was accompanied by an increase of phospho-CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein) and HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) expression in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	14-22	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-162
26232787-2	2015	We have demonstrated that rats raised in an enriched condition are more sensitive than rats raised in an impoverished condition to nicotine-induced locomotor activity, and this is associated with alterations of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 within the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	131-139	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	226-267
26232787-6	2015	Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of microRNA-221 in PC12 cells and the medial prefrontal cortex was performed to determine the effects of microRNA-221 on nicotine-mediated phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein, and locomotor activity.	Nicotine	156-164	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	189-284
25668718-11	2015	We show that only a subset of the SMN axon pathfinding errors coincided with abnormal PMN axonal targeting in nicotine-exposed zebrafish.	Nicotine	110-118	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Danio rerio	34-37
26232787-8	2015	Overexpression of lentiviral-microRNA-221 attenuated nicotine-induced increase in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	53-61	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	97-138
8869420-3	1996	We have therefore compared the effects of corticosteroids including carbenoxolone, and nicotine on mucin synthesis, assessed by incorporation of N-[3H]acetylglucosamine into mucin by colonic epithelial biopsies in culture.	Nicotine	87-95	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	99-104
26232787-10	2015	Accordingly, lentiviral-microRNA-221 attenuated nicotine-induced increases in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein in the medial prefrontal cortex of impoverished condition but not enriched condition rats.	Nicotine	48-56	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	93-191
8869420-9	1996	Nicotine significantly increased mucin synthesis (180-220% of control values) between 62.5 nmol/l and 6.25 mumol/l (P &lt; 0.05 at all concentrations) in both the right and left colon.	Nicotine	0-8	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	33-38
25262246-0	2015	Cannabinoid receptor CB1 is involved in nicotine-induced protection against Abeta1-42 neurotoxicity in HT22 cells.	Nicotine	40-48	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	21-24
8869420-10	1996	In biopsies from the relatively uninvolved right colon of patients with ulcerative colitis, corticosteroids and nicotine caused relatively smaller increases in mucin synthesis.	Nicotine	112-120	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	160-165
25262246-3	2015	We hypothesized that cannabinoid receptor CB1 is involved in the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against Abeta1-42 injury in HT22 cells.	Nicotine	65-73	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	42-45
25262246-7	2015	The results demonstrated that nicotine markedly upregulated CB1 expression, increased cell viability, ameliorated cellular morphology, decreased LDH release, and reduced the apoptotic rate of HT22 cells exposed to Abeta1-42 for 24 h, while the blockade of CB1 or the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) partially reversed the neuroprotection.	Nicotine	30-38	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	60-63
25262246-7	2015	The results demonstrated that nicotine markedly upregulated CB1 expression, increased cell viability, ameliorated cellular morphology, decreased LDH release, and reduced the apoptotic rate of HT22 cells exposed to Abeta1-42 for 24 h, while the blockade of CB1 or the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) partially reversed the neuroprotection.	Nicotine	30-38	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	256-259
25262246-8	2015	Furthermore, the blockade of CB1 reversed nicotine-induced PKC activation in HT22 cells exposed to Abeta1-42.	Nicotine	42-50	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	29-32
25262246-9	2015	These results suggest that CB1 is involved in the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against Abeta1-42 neurotoxicity, and the neuroprotection may be dependent on the activation of PKC.	Nicotine	50-58	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	27-30
26015071-1	2015	Although the effect of gene-gene interaction on nicotine-dopamine metabolism for smoking behavior has been reported, polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) have not been simultaneously examined among smokers.	Nicotine	48-56	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	156-160
26015071-4	2015	Among smokers with DRD2 rs1079597 GG//MAOA rs309850 3-repeat, the OR of heavier smoking was 2.67 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.08, 6.59], p = .031) and the score on the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence was higher (4.26 vs. 2.83) than in those with DRD2 rs1079597 AA//MAOA rs309850 3-repeat.	Nicotine	206-214	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	19-23
25747638-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Initial treatment of HGF wounds with CMS resulted in faster wound repopulation regardless of nicotine presence.	Nicotine	106-114	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	34-37
8858629-0	1996	Nicotine rescues PC12 cells from death induced by nerve growth factor deprivation.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-69
25747638-10	2015	By day 6, wound healing of HGF exposed to both nicotine and CMS is delayed.	Nicotine	47-55	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	27-30
25258021-3	2015	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: To evaluate the role of MAGL enzyme inhibition in nicotine withdrawal, we initially performed a genetic correlation approach using the BXD recombinant inbred mouse panel.	Nicotine	73-81	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	47-51
8663494-9	1996	However, in the case of receptors containing alpha3 and beta2 subunits, the addition of alpha5 subunits reduced the EC50 for acetylcholine from 28 to 0.5 microM and the EC50 for nicotine from 6.8 to 1.9 microM, while increasing the efficacy of nicotine from 50% on alpha3beta2 receptors to 100% on alpha3beta2alpha5 receptors.	Nicotine	178-186	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
25258021-8	2015	MAGL-knockout mice also showed attenuated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	42-50	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	0-4
25258021-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Overall, our findings suggest that MAGL inhibition maybe a promising target for treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	123-131	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	65-69
25409894-0	2015	Characterization of CYP2B6 in a CYP2B6-humanized mouse model: inducibility in the liver by phenobarbital and dexamethasone and role in nicotine metabolism in vivo.	Nicotine	135-143	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
25409894-6	2015	The ability of CYP2B6 to metabolize nicotine was then examined, both in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
25409894-9	2015	Thus, the transgenic CYP2B6 was inducible and functional, and, in the absence of mouse CYP2A and CYP2B enzymes, it contributed to nicotine metabolism in vivo.	Nicotine	130-138	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
8663494-9	1996	However, in the case of receptors containing alpha3 and beta2 subunits, the addition of alpha5 subunits reduced the EC50 for acetylcholine from 28 to 0.5 microM and the EC50 for nicotine from 6.8 to 1.9 microM, while increasing the efficacy of nicotine from 50% on alpha3beta2 receptors to 100% on alpha3beta2alpha5 receptors.	Nicotine	244-252	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
9011759-5	1996	Combined treatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 20 microM nicotine had no additive effect on TH mRNA levels suggesting that transsynaptic (nicotinic) and vitamin D (hormonal) stimulation of TH gene expression are mediated through converging mechanisms.	Nicotine	51-59	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	183-185
23869743-7	2015	Intra-CeA MPZP infusion prevented abstinence-induced increases in nicotine intake and nociceptive hypersensitivity.	Nicotine	66-74	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
26351626-3	2015	We could demonstrate that the treatment with nicotine resulted in increased surface molecules expression, enhanced hu-imDCs-mediated PBMC proliferation, upregulated release of IL-12 in the supernatant of cocultured DCs-PBMC, and augmented phosphorylation of Akt and ribosomal protein S6.	Nicotine	45-53	ribosomal protein S6	Homo sapiens	266-286
11725082-7	1996	The toxicity of MPTP on TOH was also prevented by nicotine.	Nicotine	50-58	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	24-27
25802844-0	2015	Ethnic-specific genetic association of variants in the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	108-116	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	55-97
25655887-2	2015	Nicotine, the major psychoactive compound in cigarette smoke, is metabolized by a number of enzymes, including CYP2A6, CYP2B6, FMOs, and UGTs, among others.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	119-125
25328101-0	2015	Effects of environmental enrichment on ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the rat prefrontal cortex following nicotine-induced sensitization or nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	101-109	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
25328101-0	2015	Effects of environmental enrichment on ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the rat prefrontal cortex following nicotine-induced sensitization or nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	135-143	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
25328101-2	2015	The current study determined whether environmental enrichment differentially regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) activity in the prefrontal cortex in rats following nicotine sensitization or nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	189-197	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	129-135
25328101-2	2015	The current study determined whether environmental enrichment differentially regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) activity in the prefrontal cortex in rats following nicotine sensitization or nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	215-223	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	129-135
26118026-3	2015	The authors investigated the association of Bcl1 polymorphism with predisposition to bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with the nicotine addiction degree and with progressing disorders of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.	Nicotine	151-159	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	44-48
26278412-9	2015	The number of cells expressing fibroblast-specific protein 1 and vimentin was higher in rats born to prenatal and postnatal nicotine-treated dams than in those born to prenatal saline- and nicotine-treated dams on postnatal days 7 and 21.	Nicotine	124-132	vimentin	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
26278412-9	2015	The number of cells expressing fibroblast-specific protein 1 and vimentin was higher in rats born to prenatal and postnatal nicotine-treated dams than in those born to prenatal saline- and nicotine-treated dams on postnatal days 7 and 21.	Nicotine	189-197	vimentin	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
26536586-0	2015	Nornicotine and Nicotine Induced Neovascularization via Increased VEGF/PEDF Ratio.	Nicotine	16-24	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
26536586-1	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	79-87	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	192-225
26536586-1	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	102-104	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	192-225
26536586-1	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	102-104	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	227-231
26536586-9	2015	Nornicotine and NT upregulated the expression of VEGF but suppressed the expression of PEDF at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner in ARPE-19 cells and HUVECs.	Nicotine	16-18	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
24830656-0	2014	Effect of nicotine on RANKL and OPG and bone mineral density.	Nicotine	10-18	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
25402857-3	2014	We provide further evidence in rodents that chronic nicotine exposure upregulates Crh mRNA (encoding CRF) in dopaminergic neurons of the posterior VTA, activates local CRF1 receptors and blocks nicotine-induced activation of transient GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons.	Nicotine	52-60	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
25402857-4	2014	Local downregulation of Crh mRNA and specific pharmacological blockade of CRF1 receptors in the VTA reversed the effect of nicotine on GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons, prevented the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal and limited the escalation of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	123-131	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
25402857-4	2014	Local downregulation of Crh mRNA and specific pharmacological blockade of CRF1 receptors in the VTA reversed the effect of nicotine on GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons, prevented the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal and limited the escalation of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	210-218	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
25402857-4	2014	Local downregulation of Crh mRNA and specific pharmacological blockade of CRF1 receptors in the VTA reversed the effect of nicotine on GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons, prevented the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal and limited the escalation of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	210-218	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
25127677-0	2014	Nicotine promotes initiation and progression of KRAS-induced pancreatic cancer via Gata6-dependent dedifferentiation of acinar cells in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	GATA binding protein 6	Mus musculus	83-88
25127677-8	2014	Nicotine induced dedifferentiation of acinar cells by activating AKT-ERK-MYC signaling; this led to inhibition of Gata6 promoter activity, loss of GATA6 protein, and subsequent loss of acinar differentiation and hyperactivation of oncogenic KRAS.	Nicotine	0-8	GATA binding protein 6	Mus musculus	114-119
25127677-8	2014	Nicotine induced dedifferentiation of acinar cells by activating AKT-ERK-MYC signaling; this led to inhibition of Gata6 promoter activity, loss of GATA6 protein, and subsequent loss of acinar differentiation and hyperactivation of oncogenic KRAS.	Nicotine	0-8	GATA binding protein 6	Mus musculus	147-152
25127677-12	2014	Metformin prevented nicotine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis and tumor growth by up-regulating GATA6 and promoting differentiation toward an acinar cell program.	Nicotine	20-28	GATA binding protein 6	Mus musculus	97-102
25127677-13	2014	CONCLUSIONS: In mice, nicotine promotes pancreatic carcinogenesis and tumor development via down-regulation of Gata6 to induce acinar cell dedifferentiation.	Nicotine	22-30	GATA binding protein 6	Mus musculus	111-116
25845234-0	2014	[Association of the nicotine and cigarette smoke toxicants metabolic (CHRNA3/5, CYP2A6, NQO1) and DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XRCC3, XPC, XPA) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].	Nicotine	20-28	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	130-133
25265052-9	2014	Contrast to the effect on AT1aR, nicotine decreased the mRNA levels of vascular AT2R gene, which was associated with selective increases in DNA methylation at AT2R promoter.	Nicotine	33-41	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
25265052-9	2014	Contrast to the effect on AT1aR, nicotine decreased the mRNA levels of vascular AT2R gene, which was associated with selective increases in DNA methylation at AT2R promoter.	Nicotine	33-41	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
25265052-10	2014	SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicated that perinatal nicotine exposure caused an epigenetic programming of vascular ATRs and their-mediated signaling pathways, and suggested that differential regulation of AT1R/AT2R gene expression through DNA methylation mechanism may be involved in nicotine-induced heightened vasoconstriction and development of hypertensive phenotype in adulthood.	Nicotine	51-59	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
25265052-10	2014	SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicated that perinatal nicotine exposure caused an epigenetic programming of vascular ATRs and their-mediated signaling pathways, and suggested that differential regulation of AT1R/AT2R gene expression through DNA methylation mechanism may be involved in nicotine-induced heightened vasoconstriction and development of hypertensive phenotype in adulthood.	Nicotine	51-59	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	209-213
25265052-10	2014	SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicated that perinatal nicotine exposure caused an epigenetic programming of vascular ATRs and their-mediated signaling pathways, and suggested that differential regulation of AT1R/AT2R gene expression through DNA methylation mechanism may be involved in nicotine-induced heightened vasoconstriction and development of hypertensive phenotype in adulthood.	Nicotine	283-291	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
25265052-10	2014	SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicated that perinatal nicotine exposure caused an epigenetic programming of vascular ATRs and their-mediated signaling pathways, and suggested that differential regulation of AT1R/AT2R gene expression through DNA methylation mechanism may be involved in nicotine-induced heightened vasoconstriction and development of hypertensive phenotype in adulthood.	Nicotine	283-291	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	209-213
25050820-1	2014	The present study was designed to investigate possible involvement of the central amygdala (CeA) nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptors in the reversal effect of nicotine and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) on morphine-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	200-208	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	132-154
25050820-1	2014	The present study was designed to investigate possible involvement of the central amygdala (CeA) nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptors in the reversal effect of nicotine and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) on morphine-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	200-208	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	156-162
24669857-5	2014	Nicotine"s effect on the expression of cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), MCP-1, COX-2, and TNF-alpha were examined by real-time PCR.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	87-92
24995777-0	2014	Food deprivation and nicotine correct akinesia and freezing in Na(+) -leak current channel (NALCN)-deficient strains of Caenorhabditis elegans.	Nicotine	21-29	sodium leak channel, non-selective	Homo sapiens	92-97
25114227-3	2014	Here, we show that in vivo administration of nicotine, AChEIs, and an m1 muscarinic (m1) agonist increase glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B (GluN2B)-containing NMDA receptor (NR2B-NMDAR) responses, a necessary component in memory formation, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, and that coadministration of the m1 antagonist pirenzepine prevents the effect of cholinergic drugs.	Nicotine	45-53	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	163-169
25114227-3	2014	Here, we show that in vivo administration of nicotine, AChEIs, and an m1 muscarinic (m1) agonist increase glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B (GluN2B)-containing NMDA receptor (NR2B-NMDAR) responses, a necessary component in memory formation, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, and that coadministration of the m1 antagonist pirenzepine prevents the effect of cholinergic drugs.	Nicotine	45-53	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	197-201
24685651-0	2014	The effect of nicotine on osteoinduction by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2.	Nicotine	14-22	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	62-90
24321995-8	2014	Furthermore, the impact of nicotine treatment on phosphorylation of STAT3, HIF-1alpha and CA9 expression was assessed in HT29 cells.	Nicotine	27-35	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	90-93
24321995-11	2014	Treating HT29 cells with nicotine resulted in an induction of CA9 in vitro.	Nicotine	25-33	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	62-65
24531567-2	2014	An increasing number of studies over the past few years have demonstrated ghrelin"s role in alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine abuse.	Nicotine	114-122	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	74-81
24811002-3	2014	Further investigation of the HLI model revealed that nicotine accelerated angiogenesis by activation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) synthesis through nicotinic receptors in myogenic cells, that is, satellite cells, in vivo and upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors, for example, VEGF and fibroblast growth factor 2, in vitro.	Nicotine	53-61	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	318-344
24643637-6	2014	Nicotine and ethanol inhibition of DA release was blocked by the alpha6*-nAChR antagonist alpha-conotoxins CtxMII and alpha-CtxMII [H9A; L15A] ex vivo (100 nM) in the core but not the shell.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 6	Mus musculus	65-78
23752247-10	2014	Recently, a significant increase in ErbB4 and Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) expression was revealed following chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal in mice and an association between NRG3 SNPs and smoking cessation success was detected in a clinical trial.	Nicotine	108-116	neuregulin 3	Mus musculus	46-58
23752247-10	2014	Recently, a significant increase in ErbB4 and Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) expression was revealed following chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal in mice and an association between NRG3 SNPs and smoking cessation success was detected in a clinical trial.	Nicotine	108-116	neuregulin 3	Mus musculus	60-64
24440829-5	2014	Conversely, pretreatment with NPY Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP3226 (0.01 ng/mouse, icv) blocked the effect of agmatine (20 mg/kg, ip) on nicotine induced CPP.	Nicotine	137-145	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	30-33
24440829-6	2014	In immunohistochemical study, nicotine decreased NPY-immunoreactivity in nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), bed nucleus of stria terminalis, lateral part (BNSTl), arcuate nucleus (ARC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN).	Nicotine	30-38	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	49-52
24440829-7	2014	Conversely, administration of agmatine prior to the nicotine significantly reversed the effect of nicotine on NPY-immunoreactivity in the above brain nuclei.	Nicotine	98-106	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	110-113
23996702-12	2014	Nicotine and smoking increased alpha7AChR and AhR gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	46-49
22978678-5	2014	Nicotine exposure was terminated on P56 and mice were not exposed to nicotine again during the experiment.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	36-39
24807738-1	2014	Previous studies have shown that rats subjected to subchronic treatment with nicotine experience changes in COX-2 (a marker of pro-inflammatory systems) and accumulate lipid hydroperoxides (a marker of oxidative stress) in the CNS (CNSMC, 2010; 10:180-206) (hippocampus, frontoparietal cortex and cerebellar cortex).	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
23934400-0	2014	NtERF32: a non-NIC2 locus AP2/ERF transcription factor required in jasmonate-inducible nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco.	Nicotine	87-95	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2	Nicotiana tabacum	0-7
23934400-0	2014	NtERF32: a non-NIC2 locus AP2/ERF transcription factor required in jasmonate-inducible nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco.	Nicotine	87-95	ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3-like	Nicotiana tabacum	26-29
23934400-7	2014	Ectopic overexpression of NtERF32 increases expression of NtPMT1a in vivo and elevates total alkaloid contents, whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of NtERF32 reduces the mRNA levels of multiple genes in the nicotine biosynthetic pathway including NtPMT1a and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NtQPT2), and lowers nicotine and total alkaloid levels.	Nicotine	204-212	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2	Nicotiana tabacum	147-154
23934400-8	2014	We conclude that NtERF32 and related ERF genes are important non-NIC2 locus associated transcriptional regulators of nicotine and total alkaloid formation.	Nicotine	117-125	ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2	Nicotiana tabacum	17-24
23933227-7	2013	Nicotine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles improved the endurance of TH-immunoreactive neurons and the number of fiber outgrowths and increased the mRNA expression of TH, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and growth-associated protein-43 over bulk against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion-induced degeneration in the in vitro model.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	67-69
23933227-7	2013	Nicotine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles improved the endurance of TH-immunoreactive neurons and the number of fiber outgrowths and increased the mRNA expression of TH, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and growth-associated protein-43 over bulk against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion-induced degeneration in the in vitro model.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	165-167
23933227-7	2013	Nicotine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles improved the endurance of TH-immunoreactive neurons and the number of fiber outgrowths and increased the mRNA expression of TH, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and growth-associated protein-43 over bulk against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion-induced degeneration in the in vitro model.	Nicotine	0-8	neuronal cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	169-234
24201082-5	2013	Moreover, nicotine was shown to down-regulate VEGF, PDGF and TGF-beta1 in both bone marrow derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells.	Nicotine	10-18	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	61-70
24089524-2	2013	The present manuscript explores the effect of nicotine exposure on alpha7-nAChR levels in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC-L) in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	46-54	SCLC1	Homo sapiens	127-132
24089524-3	2013	Nicotine (at concentrations present in the plasma of average smokers) increased alpha7-nAChR levels in human SCC-L cell lines.	Nicotine	0-8	SCLC1	Homo sapiens	109-114
24089524-6	2013	Nicotine increased the levels of alpha7-nAChR mRNA and alpha7-nAChR transcription in human SCC-L cell lines and SCC-L tumors.	Nicotine	0-8	SCLC1	Homo sapiens	91-96
24089524-8	2013	ChIP assays showed that nicotine induced the binding of GATA4 or GATA6 to Sp1 on the alpha7-nAChR promoter, thereby inducing its transcription and increasing its levels in human SCC-L.	Nicotine	24-32	SCLC1	Homo sapiens	178-183
24089524-10	2013	It may be envisaged that continuous exposure to nicotine (in such SCC-L patients) causes up-regulation of alpha7-nAChRs, which facilitates tumor growth and progression.	Nicotine	48-56	SCLC1	Homo sapiens	66-71
24089524-11	2013	Our results will also be relevant to many SCC-L patients exposed to nicotine via second-hand smoke, electronic cigarettes, and patches or gums to quit smoking.	Nicotine	68-76	SCLC1	Homo sapiens	42-47
24204788-0	2013	The glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue Exendin-4 attenuates the nicotine-induced locomotor stimulation, accumbal dopamine release, conditioned place preference as well as the expression of locomotor sensitization in mice.	Nicotine	62-70	glucagon	Mus musculus	4-27
24204788-7	2013	Given that development of nicotine addiction largely depends on the effects of nicotine on the mesolimbic dopamine system these findings indicate that the GLP-1 receptor may be a potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies for nicotine cessations in humans.	Nicotine	26-34	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	155-169
24204788-7	2013	Given that development of nicotine addiction largely depends on the effects of nicotine on the mesolimbic dopamine system these findings indicate that the GLP-1 receptor may be a potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies for nicotine cessations in humans.	Nicotine	79-87	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	155-169
24204788-7	2013	Given that development of nicotine addiction largely depends on the effects of nicotine on the mesolimbic dopamine system these findings indicate that the GLP-1 receptor may be a potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies for nicotine cessations in humans.	Nicotine	79-87	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	155-169
26096691-0	2015	COMT polymorphism modulates the resting-state EEG alpha oscillatory response to acute nicotine in male non-smokers.	Nicotine	86-94	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
26096691-2	2015	As individual difference in response to nicotine may be related to a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that strongly influences cortical dopamine metabolism, this study examined the modulatory effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on the neural response to acute nicotine as measured with resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations.	Nicotine	40-48	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	114-142
26096691-2	2015	As individual difference in response to nicotine may be related to a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that strongly influences cortical dopamine metabolism, this study examined the modulatory effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on the neural response to acute nicotine as measured with resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations.	Nicotine	40-48	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	144-148
26096691-2	2015	As individual difference in response to nicotine may be related to a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that strongly influences cortical dopamine metabolism, this study examined the modulatory effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on the neural response to acute nicotine as measured with resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations.	Nicotine	40-48	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	266-270
26096691-2	2015	As individual difference in response to nicotine may be related to a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that strongly influences cortical dopamine metabolism, this study examined the modulatory effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on the neural response to acute nicotine as measured with resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations.	Nicotine	326-334	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	144-148
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
25652250-0	2015	Effect of Brain CYP2B Inhibition on Brain Nicotine Levels and Nicotine Self-Administration.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	16-21
25652250-0	2015	Effect of Brain CYP2B Inhibition on Brain Nicotine Levels and Nicotine Self-Administration.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	16-21
25652250-3	2015	CYP2B can metabolize nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes; if altered brain CYP2B activity can influence nicotine brain levels, it could influence nicotine-mediated behaviors.	Nicotine	21-29	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-5
25652250-3	2015	CYP2B can metabolize nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes; if altered brain CYP2B activity can influence nicotine brain levels, it could influence nicotine-mediated behaviors.	Nicotine	21-29	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	96-101
25652250-3	2015	CYP2B can metabolize nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes; if altered brain CYP2B activity can influence nicotine brain levels, it could influence nicotine-mediated behaviors.	Nicotine	125-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-5
25652250-3	2015	CYP2B can metabolize nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes; if altered brain CYP2B activity can influence nicotine brain levels, it could influence nicotine-mediated behaviors.	Nicotine	125-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	96-101
25652250-3	2015	CYP2B can metabolize nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes; if altered brain CYP2B activity can influence nicotine brain levels, it could influence nicotine-mediated behaviors.	Nicotine	125-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-5
25652250-3	2015	CYP2B can metabolize nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes; if altered brain CYP2B activity can influence nicotine brain levels, it could influence nicotine-mediated behaviors.	Nicotine	125-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	96-101
25652250-10	2015	Together these data demonstrate that the brain CYP2B activity can influence nicotine brain levels and subsequent behaviors independent of hepatic metabolism.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	47-52
25652250-11	2015	This suggests that human smokers with variable CYP2B brain levels could have different nicotine levels and reinforcement, which might have a role in smoking behaviors and dependence.	Nicotine	87-95	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	47-52
26039516-9	2015	We conclude that nAChRs expressed in a subset of taste cells serve as common receptors for the detection of the TRPM5-independent bitter taste of nicotine, acetylcholine and ethanol.	Nicotine	146-154	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
25697573-3	2015	In our previous studies, DTNBP1 was found associated not only with schizophrenia but with other psychiatric disorders including psychotic depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, nicotine dependence and opiate dependence.	Nicotine	182-190	dystrobrevin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-31
25666034-10	2015	Nicotine enhanced contextual fear conditioning in TRalpha1 knockout mice and wildtypes from both lines but TRbeta knockout mice did not show nicotine-enhanced learning.	Nicotine	0-8	thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Mus musculus	50-58
25933953-2	2015	In the present study we used male rats to verify the hypothesis that the binding pattern of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the brain is altered by chronic nicotine treatment in different environments.	Nicotine	155-163	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	92-104
25933953-5	2015	RESULTS: Repeated treatment with nicotine in home cages evoked significant increases in [(3)H]ketanserin binding to 5-HT2A receptors in the prefrontal cortex, striatal subregions and ventral tegmental area as well as reductions in [(3)H]mesulergine binding to 5-HT2C receptors in subregions of the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	33-41	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	116-122
25933953-6	2015	In contrast, nicotine paired with environmental context produced robust increases in 5-HT2A receptor labeling in the infralimbic cortex and decreased [(3)H]ketanserin binding in striatal subregions and ventral tegmental area; 5-HT2C receptor labeling in the prefrontal cortex fell.	Nicotine	13-21	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
25933953-7	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The present data indicate that chronic nicotine administration in home cages induces bi-directional neuroplastic changes within 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	52-60	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	141-153
25933953-8	2015	Pairing the nicotine with environmental context potentiates the neuroplastic response in the latter region and evokes opposite changes in 5-HT2A receptor binding in striatal and tegmental regions compared with nicotine administered in the absence of the context, indicating a modulatory role of environmental context in the expression of nicotine-induced sensitization.	Nicotine	12-20	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	138-144
25954131-12	2015	Rho-kinase and cyclooxygenase pathways, especially cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane A2, might play a pivotal role in the mechanism associated with nicotine-induced contraction of the rabbit corpus cavernosum.	Nicotine	147-155	prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	51-67
25799226-0	2015	Activation of AMPKalpha2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo.	Nicotine	56-64	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-24
25799226-3	2015	Here we show that nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 (AMPKalpha2) in adipocytes, which in turn phosphorylates MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) at serine 334, initiating its proteasome-dependent degradation.	Nicotine	18-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	90-125
25799226-3	2015	Here we show that nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 (AMPKalpha2) in adipocytes, which in turn phosphorylates MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) at serine 334, initiating its proteasome-dependent degradation.	Nicotine	18-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	127-137
25273375-8	2015	RESULTS: NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region loci and haplotypes were significantly associated with the motive of Automaticity and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	234-242	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	27-31
25273375-8	2015	RESULTS: NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region loci and haplotypes were significantly associated with the motive of Automaticity and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	234-242	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12	Homo sapiens	196-201
25514605-6	2015	The administration of nicotine at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day (1.5 mg/kg/injection, twice a day), but not once a day or its continuous infusion using a mini-pump significantly increased the density of TH-LI nerves without affecting CGRP-LI nerves.	Nicotine	22-30	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	226-230
23988853-0	2013	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase isoforms modulates nicotine withdrawal syndrome in the rat.	Nicotine	51-59	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	14-31
23988853-1	2013	AIMS: There have been many reports of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by non-nicotine ingredients in tobacco smoke, persisting for days after smoking cessation.	Nicotine	80-88	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	38-55
23988853-1	2013	AIMS: There have been many reports of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by non-nicotine ingredients in tobacco smoke, persisting for days after smoking cessation.	Nicotine	80-88	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
23988853-2	2013	This study determined the effect of inhibiting MAO and its isoforms on nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	71-79	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
23988853-10	2013	KEY FINDINGS: Combined treatment with both MAO inhibitors markedly and significantly exacerbated somatically expressed nicotine withdrawal signs in nicotine infused rats, while having no significant effects in saline-infused rats.	Nicotine	119-127	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
23988853-10	2013	KEY FINDINGS: Combined treatment with both MAO inhibitors markedly and significantly exacerbated somatically expressed nicotine withdrawal signs in nicotine infused rats, while having no significant effects in saline-infused rats.	Nicotine	148-156	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
24093007-6	2013	Genomic or pharmacological ablation of GHR-Rs attenuates the acute locomotor-enhancing effects of nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine and alcohol and blunts the CPP induced by food, alcohol, amphetamine and cocaine in mice.	Nicotine	98-106	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
24093007-8	2013	Inactivation of ghrelin circuit function in rats by injection of a ghrelin receptor antagonist (e.g., JMV 2959) diminishes the development of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	142-150	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	16-23
24093007-8	2013	Inactivation of ghrelin circuit function in rats by injection of a ghrelin receptor antagonist (e.g., JMV 2959) diminishes the development of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	142-150	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Rattus norvegicus	67-83
24093007-9	2013	These results suggest a key permissive role for GHR-R activity for the induction of locomotor sensitization to nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
24093007-11	2013	Finally, antagonism of GHR-Rs may represent a smoking cessation modality that not only blocks nicotine-induced reward but that also may limit weight gain after smoking cessation.	Nicotine	94-102	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
25489907-0	2015	CYP2B6 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an Italian population sample and relationship with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	98-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
25489907-1	2015	The extensively polymorphic CYP2B6 gene metabolizes endogenous and exogenous compounds, among which are nicotine and bupropion, although its contribution to the systemic metabolism of nicotine still remains controversial.	Nicotine	104-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
25489907-1	2015	The extensively polymorphic CYP2B6 gene metabolizes endogenous and exogenous compounds, among which are nicotine and bupropion, although its contribution to the systemic metabolism of nicotine still remains controversial.	Nicotine	184-192	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
25489907-4	2015	The reduced activity of the CYP2B6*6 variant was significantly (p=0.025) distributed among the nicotine-dependent individuals compared to non-nicotine dependents.	Nicotine	95-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
25489907-4	2015	The reduced activity of the CYP2B6*6 variant was significantly (p=0.025) distributed among the nicotine-dependent individuals compared to non-nicotine dependents.	Nicotine	142-150	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
25489907-5	2015	Also, the CYP2B6*1/*6 genotype achieved statistical significance (p=0.016) within the nicotine-dependent individuals.	Nicotine	86-94	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
25489907-6	2015	The high occurrence of CYP2B6*6 carriers among nicotine-dependent individuals may suggest a possible involvement in nicotine dependence, with a potential impact on smoking cessation treatments tailored to the individual smoker"s genotype.	Nicotine	47-55	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	23-29
25489907-6	2015	The high occurrence of CYP2B6*6 carriers among nicotine-dependent individuals may suggest a possible involvement in nicotine dependence, with a potential impact on smoking cessation treatments tailored to the individual smoker"s genotype.	Nicotine	116-124	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	23-29
24018455-0	2013	The activity of serum beta-galactosidase in colon cancer patients with a history of alcohol and nicotine dependence: preliminary data.	Nicotine	96-104	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	22-40
24018455-3	2013	This is the first study to evaluate the activity of the serum senescence marker GAL in colon cancer patients with a history of alcohol and nicotine dependence, as a potential factor of worse cancer prognosis.	Nicotine	139-147	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
24018455-9	2013	RESULTS: The activity of serum GAL was significantly higher in colon cancer patients with a history of alcohol and nicotine dependence, in comparison to colon cancer patients without a history of drinking/smoking (p=0.015; 46% increase), and the controls (p=0.0002; 81% increase).	Nicotine	115-123	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
24018455-10	2013	The activity of serum GAL in colon cancer patients without a history of alcohol/nicotine dependence was higher than the activity in the controls (p = 0.043; 24% increase).	Nicotine	80-88	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
24018455-11	2013	DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Higher activity of beta-galactosidase may potentially reflect the accelerated growth of the cancer, invasion, metastases, and maturation, when alcohol and nicotine dependence coincide with colon cancer.	Nicotine	178-186	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
11725082-9	1996	These results suggest that nicotine interacts with the dopaminergic system probably at the level of DA biosynthesis through activating TOH and its coenzyme tetrahydrobiopterin.	Nicotine	27-35	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	135-138
23545467-5	2013	Recent findings in genetically engineered mice have indicated that while alpha4-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the acquisition of nicotine self-administration and initial stages of nicotine dependence, alpha7 homomeric nAChRs appear to be involved in the later stages of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	154-162	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	73-79
23545467-5	2013	Recent findings in genetically engineered mice have indicated that while alpha4-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the acquisition of nicotine self-administration and initial stages of nicotine dependence, alpha7 homomeric nAChRs appear to be involved in the later stages of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	73-79
23545467-5	2013	Recent findings in genetically engineered mice have indicated that while alpha4-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the acquisition of nicotine self-administration and initial stages of nicotine dependence, alpha7 homomeric nAChRs appear to be involved in the later stages of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	73-79
23545467-7	2013	Studies of the involvement of alpha6 nAChR subunits in nicotine dependence have only recently emerged.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 6	Mus musculus	30-42
25261754-11	2015	ABT-107 or nicotine treatment significantly increased DAT levels in lesioned striatum; these drugs did not alter DAT levels in intact striatum.	Nicotine	11-19	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	168-174
25381636-0	2015	Nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	52-57
8981571-1	1996	During the last decade, nicotine has been used increasingly as an aid to smoking cessation and has been found to be a safe and efficacious treatment for the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	24-32	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	66-69
25381636-2	2015	In the present experiment, both the RAW264.7 and MOVAS cell lines were employed to examine the nicotine-induced modulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	95-103	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	145-150
25381636-3	2015	Our results showed that nicotine concentrations of both 0.5 and 5 ng/ml induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 upregulation, while a concentration of 50 ng/ml had a slight inhibitory effect and a concentration of 500 ng/ml showed a significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	24-32	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	99-104
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	133-141	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	181-186
23891776-1	2013	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing alpha4 and beta2 subunits are the principal receptors in the mammalian central nervous system that bind nicotine with high affinity.	Nicotine	167-175	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	74-79
8584234-4	1995	Morphine, ethanol, lorazepam and nicotine withdrawal was associated with significant anxiety and corresponding increase in brain tribulin activity, particularly its MAO A inhibitory component.	Nicotine	33-41	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	165-170
23825647-6	2013	We discovered the greatest nicotine stress response by HPCAL4 (up-regulated by 4.71 fold) and NPAS3 (down-regulated by -2.73 fold); both are genes that have not been previously implicated in nicotine exposure but are linked to cancer.	Nicotine	27-35	hippocalcin like 4	Homo sapiens	55-61
23543412-0	2013	Nicotine-induced structural plasticity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons is mediated by dopamine D3 receptors and Akt-mTORC1 signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	122-128
25218871-0	2014	Peripheral DISC1 protein levels as a trait marker for schizophrenia and modulating effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	94-102	DISC1 scaffold protein	Homo sapiens	11-16
25218871-7	2014	Sub-chronic treatment with progressively increasing doses of nicotine from 0.25mg/kg to 1mg/kg for 15 days led to a decrease of insoluble DISC1 in the medial prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	61-69	DISC1 scaffold protein	Homo sapiens	138-143
25218871-9	2014	Reduced DISC1 protein levels in lymphocytes of healthy individuals exposed to nicotine suggest that peripheral DISC1 could have potential for monitoring the effects of psychoactive substances.	Nicotine	78-86	DISC1 scaffold protein	Homo sapiens	8-13
25218871-9	2014	Reduced DISC1 protein levels in lymphocytes of healthy individuals exposed to nicotine suggest that peripheral DISC1 could have potential for monitoring the effects of psychoactive substances.	Nicotine	78-86	DISC1 scaffold protein	Homo sapiens	111-116
25117291-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have demonstrated that nicotine releases protons from adrenergic nerves via stimulation of nicotinic ACh receptors and activates transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptors located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) vasodilator nerves, resulting in vasodilatation.	Nicotine	64-72	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-210
25117291-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have demonstrated that nicotine releases protons from adrenergic nerves via stimulation of nicotinic ACh receptors and activates transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptors located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) vasodilator nerves, resulting in vasodilatation.	Nicotine	64-72	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-217
25117291-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have demonstrated that nicotine releases protons from adrenergic nerves via stimulation of nicotinic ACh receptors and activates transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptors located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) vasodilator nerves, resulting in vasodilatation.	Nicotine	64-72	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	240-271
25117291-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have demonstrated that nicotine releases protons from adrenergic nerves via stimulation of nicotinic ACh receptors and activates transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptors located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) vasodilator nerves, resulting in vasodilatation.	Nicotine	64-72	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	273-277
23242511-3	2013	However, little is known the roles of BKCa in the development of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	65-73	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	Mus musculus	38-42
23242511-4	2013	In the present study, a significant reduction in BKCa channel expression was found in nucleus accumbens (NAc) from nicotine addiction mice.	Nicotine	115-123	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	Mus musculus	49-53
23242511-8	2013	These findings provide direct evidence that alterations of BKCa channels in the NAc play critical roles in the development of nicotine addiction and that modulation of the BKCa channels may be potential therapeutics for drug addiction.	Nicotine	126-134	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	Mus musculus	59-63
8846444-7	1995	(iv) Chemical destruction of sympathetic nerve fibers by systemic pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine reduced CGRP release evoked by nicotine, but the release produced by capsaicin or bradykinin remained unchanged.	Nicotine	133-141	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
23637989-5	2013	Nicotine and gp120 were able to significantly increase the serum levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) (a new BBB marker) as well as S100B in mice, which are correlated with the changes in cBMECs and EPCs.	Nicotine	0-8	ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1	Mus musculus	75-107
23637989-5	2013	Nicotine and gp120 were able to significantly increase the serum levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) (a new BBB marker) as well as S100B in mice, which are correlated with the changes in cBMECs and EPCs.	Nicotine	0-8	ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1	Mus musculus	109-114
23591849-1	2013	We explored the contribution of nitrosamine metabolism to lung cancer in a pilot investigation of genetic variation in CYP2B6, a high-affinity enzymatic activator of tobacco-specific nitrosamines with a negligible role in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	222-230	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	119-125
25803997-0	2014	Nicotine-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	17-23
25803997-0	2014	Nicotine-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	93-96
25803997-3	2014	RESULTS: Our results indicate that nicotine can enhance the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in increased expression of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	35-43	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	74-80
25803997-3	2014	RESULTS: Our results indicate that nicotine can enhance the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in increased expression of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	35-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	139-142
25803997-3	2014	RESULTS: Our results indicate that nicotine can enhance the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in increased expression of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	35-43	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	236-242
25803997-4	2014	CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that 10(-6) M nicotine maximally enhances mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at 8 hours.	Nicotine	41-49	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	123-129
25803997-5	2014	Our results provide a putative mechanism by which nicotine stimulates expression of these adhesion molecules via p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	50-58	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	113-116
7543184-3	1995	The potency order of these peptides in inhibiting IACh evoked by nicotine was NPY(1-36), NPY (16-36) &gt; peptide YY(PYY) &gt; [Leu31, Pro34]NPY.	Nicotine	65-73	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	78-81
7543184-3	1995	The potency order of these peptides in inhibiting IACh evoked by nicotine was NPY(1-36), NPY (16-36) &gt; peptide YY(PYY) &gt; [Leu31, Pro34]NPY.	Nicotine	65-73	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	89-92
23579732-2	2013	Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, activates the reward systems and is required for reward induced by alcohol, nicotine, cocaine and amphetamine in mice.	Nicotine	108-116	ghrelin	Mus musculus	0-7
7543184-3	1995	The potency order of these peptides in inhibiting IACh evoked by nicotine was NPY(1-36), NPY (16-36) &gt; peptide YY(PYY) &gt; [Leu31, Pro34]NPY.	Nicotine	65-73	neuropeptide Y	Bos taurus	89-92
24911319-4	2014	The aim of the present study was to determine if the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil has the ability to reverse nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in contextual learning.	Nicotine	121-129	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	53-73
7720762-7	1995	Urinary high molecular weight beta-TG decreased after nicotine compared to placebo.	Nicotine	54-62	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	30-37
25051446-11	2014	Chronic nicotine exposure caused an increased buildup of NO in plasma and liver, leading to decreased glycogen storage, along with a concomitant suppression of Pepck and G6Pase mRNA, thus preventing hyperglycemia.	Nicotine	8-16	glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic	Mus musculus	170-176
24859605-2	2014	We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of mouse CYP2A5, the ortolog of human CYP2A6, by methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) alter dependence-related behaviors of nicotine in the mouse.	Nicotine	161-169	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	51-57
25260978-10	2014	In vitro exposure of cells to single doses or seven days of nicotine induced the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and EGR-1 and these responses were blocked by GABA.	Nicotine	60-68	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	103-108
25050820-0	2014	Central amygdala nicotinic and 5-HT1A receptors mediate the reversal effect of nicotine and MDMA on morphine-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	79-87	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
25233467-10	2014	Our findings suggest that nicotine dependence plays an important role between genetic variants in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 region, especially CHRNA3, and lung adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-140
25157203-2	2013	The primary candidates involved in controlling this process are a family of endopeptidases called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); however, the potential role of MMPs in nicotine addiction-related memories has not been adequately tested.	Nicotine	171-179	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
25157203-3	2013	Present results indicate transient changes in hippocampal MMP-2, -3, and -9 expression following context dependent learning of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).	Nicotine	127-135	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-75
25157203-6	2013	Inhibition of MMPs using a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor (FN439) during nicotine-induced CPP training blocked the acquisition of CPP.	Nicotine	71-79	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
23474369-3	2013	RESULTS: Relative to placebo, 14mg nicotine patch produced shorter overall reaction times (RTs) and individuals with two dopamine type 2 receptor (DRD2) A2 alleles exhibited the greatest RT benefit from nicotine following emotionally negative pictures after the longest cue-target delay (800ms), but benefitted least from nicotine following positive pictures after the shortest delay (400ms).	Nicotine	35-43	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	147-151
23474369-3	2013	RESULTS: Relative to placebo, 14mg nicotine patch produced shorter overall reaction times (RTs) and individuals with two dopamine type 2 receptor (DRD2) A2 alleles exhibited the greatest RT benefit from nicotine following emotionally negative pictures after the longest cue-target delay (800ms), but benefitted least from nicotine following positive pictures after the shortest delay (400ms).	Nicotine	203-211	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	147-151
23474369-3	2013	RESULTS: Relative to placebo, 14mg nicotine patch produced shorter overall reaction times (RTs) and individuals with two dopamine type 2 receptor (DRD2) A2 alleles exhibited the greatest RT benefit from nicotine following emotionally negative pictures after the longest cue-target delay (800ms), but benefitted least from nicotine following positive pictures after the shortest delay (400ms).	Nicotine	203-211	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	147-151
7697878-5	1994	This biochemical change may be germane to the mechanism of nicotine-induced growth inhibition and/or nicotine-induced behavioral changes because the appropriate expression of ODC activity is essential to normal growth and differentiation in the fetal CNS.	Nicotine	59-67	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	175-178
21995552-0	2013	Dorsal hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptors mediate the interactive effects of nicotine and ethanol on passive avoidance learning in mice.	Nicotine	80-88	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	31-34
21995552-1	2013	The present study evaluated the involvement of the dorsal hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the combined effect of ethanol and nicotine on passive avoidance learning in adult male mice.	Nicotine	134-142	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	82-85
24997359-6	2014	Prenatal nicotine exposure caused noticeably lower body weights, higher IUGR rates of fetal rats, and elevated maternal and fetal corticosterone (CORT) levels compared to the controls.	Nicotine	9-17	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
21995552-12	2013	These findings show that the cannabinoid CB1 receptors of dorsal hippocampus are important in the combined effect of ethanol and nicotine on passive avoidance learning.	Nicotine	129-137	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	41-44
7697878-5	1994	This biochemical change may be germane to the mechanism of nicotine-induced growth inhibition and/or nicotine-induced behavioral changes because the appropriate expression of ODC activity is essential to normal growth and differentiation in the fetal CNS.	Nicotine	101-109	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	175-178
7697878-6	1994	In the chick embryo, nicotine exposure alters several important signaling pathways that regulate ODC expression.	Nicotine	21-29	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	97-100
7697878-8	1994	Also, in cultured chick cells, nicotine inhibits the ability of a potent mitogen (insulin) to induce ODC activity, but, paradoxically, in ovo nicotine exposure increased insulin binding and stimulated insulin receptor autophosphorylation in brain membranes.	Nicotine	31-39	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	101-104
7862250-0	1994	Multiple mechanisms for the effects of capsaicin, bradykinin and nicotine on CGRP release from tracheal afferent nerves: role of prostaglandins, sympathetic nerves and mast cells.	Nicotine	65-73	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
23274455-1	2013	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 is noted to mediate a number of signal transduction cascades involved in the causation of nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	126-134	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	Mus musculus	0-35
23037950-0	2013	Possible association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in Japanese males: an exploratory study.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-80
24948063-8	2014	Stimulatory effect on NGF was mimicked by selective nicotinic receptor agonist nicotine and completely blocked by nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	79-87	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
25028095-0	2014	Nicotine-mediated invasion and migration of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells by modulating STMN3 and GSPT1 genes in an ID1-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	122-125
25028095-2	2014	Over-expression of ID1 has been correlated with a variety of human cancers; our earlier studies had shown that reported ID1 is induced by nicotine or EGF stimulation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and its down regulation abrogates cell proliferation, invasion and migration.	Nicotine	138-146	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	19-22
25028095-2	2014	Over-expression of ID1 has been correlated with a variety of human cancers; our earlier studies had shown that reported ID1 is induced by nicotine or EGF stimulation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and its down regulation abrogates cell proliferation, invasion and migration.	Nicotine	138-146	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	120-123
25028095-5	2014	Cells were stimulated with nicotine and genes that were differentially expressed upon nicotine stimulation and ID1 depletion were analyzed to identify potential downstream targets of ID1.	Nicotine	86-94	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	183-186
23030247-6	2013	Furthermore, their osteogenic differentiation capabilities were reduced in the presence of nicotine as evidenced by gene expression (RUNX2, ALPL, BGLAP, COL1A1, and COL1A2), calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity analyses.	Nicotine	91-99	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Homo sapiens	140-144
23161341-5	2013	The calculated value of the maximum reaction velocity (V(max)) was 3.61 mumol/min/mumol FMO1; 50% inhibitory concentration and inhibition constant (K(i)) of MMI, the most common alternate substrate FMO inhibitor, were evaluated and the inhibitory effects of two other important FMO substrates, nicotine and DMXAA, a novel anti-tumour agent, were investigated.	Nicotine	294-302	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
25028095-9	2014	RESULTS: A microarray analysis showed multiple genes are affected by the depletion of ID1; we focused on two of them: Stathmin-like3 (STMN3), a microtubule destabilizing protein, and GSPT1, a protein involved in translation termination; these proteins were induced by both nicotine and EGF in an ID1 dependent fashion.	Nicotine	273-281	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	86-89
23999525-7	2014	NRG3 is a neural-enriched member of the epidermal growth factor family, and a specific ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4, which is also upregulated following nicotine treatment and WD.	Nicotine	170-178	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
23999525-8	2014	Mice with significantly reduced levels of NRG3 or pharmacological inhibition of ErbB4 show similar reductions in anxiety following nicotine WD compared with control animals, suggesting a role for NRG3 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	204-212	neuregulin 3	Mus musculus	42-46
7862250-1	1994	Application of capsaicin (CAP), bradykinin (BK) or nicotine (NIC) to intraluminally perfused rat tracheas induced an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in the perfusates.	Nicotine	51-59	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	129-160
23999525-8	2014	Mice with significantly reduced levels of NRG3 or pharmacological inhibition of ErbB4 show similar reductions in anxiety following nicotine WD compared with control animals, suggesting a role for NRG3 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	204-212	neuregulin 3	Mus musculus	196-200
23999525-9	2014	Although the function of the SNP in NRG3 in humans is not known, these data suggest that Nrg3/ErbB4 signaling may be an important factor in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	140-148	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
7862250-1	1994	Application of capsaicin (CAP), bradykinin (BK) or nicotine (NIC) to intraluminally perfused rat tracheas induced an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in the perfusates.	Nicotine	51-59	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
23065942-9	2013	The current results demonstrate that environmental enrichment differentially regulates the response to nicotine in NAc shell and core via alterations in DAT function, which may explain how environmental enrichment reduces the behavioral response to nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
23065942-9	2013	The current results demonstrate that environmental enrichment differentially regulates the response to nicotine in NAc shell and core via alterations in DAT function, which may explain how environmental enrichment reduces the behavioral response to nicotine.	Nicotine	249-257	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
24044905-9	2014	Furthermore, the intervention of enalapril in nicotine-treated diabetic rat attenuated the testicular damage and restored sperm count, sperm DNA damage, as well as reduced the expression of NF-kappaB, COX-2, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	201-206
7862250-1	1994	Application of capsaicin (CAP), bradykinin (BK) or nicotine (NIC) to intraluminally perfused rat tracheas induced an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in the perfusates.	Nicotine	61-64	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	129-160
7862250-1	1994	Application of capsaicin (CAP), bradykinin (BK) or nicotine (NIC) to intraluminally perfused rat tracheas induced an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in the perfusates.	Nicotine	61-64	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
7862250-3	1994	Chemical destruction of sympathetic nerve fibres by systemic pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine reduced CGRP release evoked by NIC, but did not alter the release produced by CAP or BK.	Nicotine	128-131	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
7862250-5	1994	CGRP release evoked by BK and NIC, but not CAP, was diminished by indomethacin, suggesting that cyclooxygenase products mediate the actions of BK and NIC.	Nicotine	30-33	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
24632528-0	2014	Adenosine (A)(2A)receptor modulation of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	40-48	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-25
23248277-3	2013	Because antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) reduced nicotine self-administration in rats and mice, mGluR5 is suggested to be involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	77-85	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	61-67
7862250-5	1994	CGRP release evoked by BK and NIC, but not CAP, was diminished by indomethacin, suggesting that cyclooxygenase products mediate the actions of BK and NIC.	Nicotine	150-153	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
23248277-3	2013	Because antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) reduced nicotine self-administration in rats and mice, mGluR5 is suggested to be involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	77-85	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	124-130
24470632-0	2014	Transcriptional regulation of L-type calcium channel subtypes Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 by nicotine and their potential role in nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	83-91	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit	Mus musculus	73-79
23248277-3	2013	Because antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) reduced nicotine self-administration in rats and mice, mGluR5 is suggested to be involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	162-170	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	61-67
24470632-0	2014	Transcriptional regulation of L-type calcium channel subtypes Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 by nicotine and their potential role in nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	120-128	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit	Mus musculus	73-79
7517892-3	1994	The calmodulin inhibitors also attenuated the relaxations caused by nicotine and substance P, which were endothelium-independent and -dependent, respectively, but did not influence the relaxant response to NO.	Nicotine	68-76	calmodulin-2	Canis lupus familiaris	4-14
24470632-3	2014	METHODS: Using quantitative in situ hybridization, we examined expression levels of Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 in forebrain regions of mice treated with nicotine (0.175 mg/kg) or saline for 1 or 14 days and sacrificed 24 hr or 7 days following the last injection.	Nicotine	148-156	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit	Mus musculus	97-105
24470632-6	2014	Following 14 days of nicotine treatment and 24 hr of abstinence, Ca(v)1.2 mRNA was downregulated throughout the areas examined, whereas Ca(v)1.3 mRNA had mostly returned to control values.	Nicotine	21-29	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit	Mus musculus	136-144
24470632-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest a differential involvement of Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 in nicotine-related processes.	Nicotine	85-93	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit	Mus musculus	73-81
24470632-10	2014	Ca(v)1.3 seems to be involved primarily during early exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	65-73	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit	Mus musculus	0-8
24886596-7	2014	Patch clamp analysis of back-labeled cutaneous afferents showed that while the majority of nicotine-evoked currents in DRG neurons had biophysical and pharmacological properties of alpha7-subunit containing nAChRs, the Artn-induced increase in alpha3 and beta4 subunits resulted in functional channels.	Nicotine	91-99	artemin	Mus musculus	219-223
24885237-5	2014	After 3-4 days of IH, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) protein phosphorylation decreased, which could be reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), 1,10-phenanthroline (Phe), the PP2A phosphorylation inhibitors, okadaic acid (OKA) and cantharidin, and the ERK phosphorylation activator nicotine (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	302-310	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	22-64
24885237-5	2014	After 3-4 days of IH, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) protein phosphorylation decreased, which could be reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), 1,10-phenanthroline (Phe), the PP2A phosphorylation inhibitors, okadaic acid (OKA) and cantharidin, and the ERK phosphorylation activator nicotine (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	302-310	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
24804708-4	2014	We previously undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes and found that rare missense variants at conserved residues in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence among African Americans.	Nicotine	247-255	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-107
24668500-0	2014	Nicotine promotes apoptosis resistance of breast cancer cells and enrichment of side population cells with cancer stem cell-like properties via a signaling cascade involving galectin-3, alpha9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and STAT3.	Nicotine	0-8	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	174-184
24668500-2	2014	Here, we show that nicotine induces the expression of galectin-3 (an anti-apoptotic beta-galactoside-binding lectin) in breast cancer cell line and in primary tumors from breast cancer patients.	Nicotine	19-27	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	54-64
23248277-3	2013	Because antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) reduced nicotine self-administration in rats and mice, mGluR5 is suggested to be involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	162-170	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	124-130
23248277-9	2013	This decrease in mGluR5 receptor binding may be an adaptation to chronic increases in glutamate induced by chronic nicotine administration, and the decreased down-regulation seen in the ex-smokers could be due to incomplete recovery of the receptors, especially because the ex-smokers were abstinent for only 25 wk on average.	Nicotine	115-123	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	17-23
22945906-9	2013	Nicotine caused a dose-dependent reduction in the expression of BMP-2, a well-known marker for bone formation; however, this was prevented by GW0742 treatment.	Nicotine	0-8	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
22898831-6	2013	Secondly, the effects of nicotine-augmented DCs-dependent T-cell proliferation, CTL priming and anti-tumor effects could be significantly abolished by blocking CD80, CD86 and 4-1BBL activity, respectively.	Nicotine	25-33	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	160-164
22898831-6	2013	Secondly, the effects of nicotine-augmented DCs-dependent T-cell proliferation, CTL priming and anti-tumor effects could be significantly abolished by blocking CD80, CD86 and 4-1BBL activity, respectively.	Nicotine	25-33	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	166-170
22898831-7	2013	Thirdly, the combined blockages of CD80/CD86, CD80/4-1BBL, CD86/4-1BBL or CD80/CD86/4-1BBL signals could decrease 53.2 %, 29.6 %, 27.9 % and 54.5 % nicotine-enhanced T cell proliferation, respectively.	Nicotine	148-156	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	35-39
22898831-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: CD80/CD86 and 4-1BBL are critical for nicotine augmented DCs-mediated anti-tumor effects.	Nicotine	51-59	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-17
22898831-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: CD80/CD86 and 4-1BBL are critical for nicotine augmented DCs-mediated anti-tumor effects.	Nicotine	51-59	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	18-22
22966072-6	2012	The two pathways known to stimulate IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]) were both stimulated by nicotine in culture.	Nicotine	180-188	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	67-70
22695756-0	2012	Association of functional COMT Val108/Met polymorphism with smoking cessation in a nicotine replacement therapy.	Nicotine	83-91	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	26-30
23308043-0	2012	Nicotine induces inhibitor of differentiation-1 in a Src-dependent pathway promoting metastasis and chemoresistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	0-8	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	17-47
24668500-3	2014	Nicotine-induced up regulation of galectin-3 is due to an increased expression of alpha9 isoform of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha9nAChR), which activates transcription factor STAT3 that in turn, physically binds to galectin-3 (LGALS3) promoter and induces transcription of galectin-3.	Nicotine	0-8	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
24668500-3	2014	Nicotine-induced up regulation of galectin-3 is due to an increased expression of alpha9 isoform of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha9nAChR), which activates transcription factor STAT3 that in turn, physically binds to galectin-3 (LGALS3) promoter and induces transcription of galectin-3.	Nicotine	0-8	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	225-235
24668500-3	2014	Nicotine-induced up regulation of galectin-3 is due to an increased expression of alpha9 isoform of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha9nAChR), which activates transcription factor STAT3 that in turn, physically binds to galectin-3 (LGALS3) promoter and induces transcription of galectin-3.	Nicotine	0-8	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	237-243
24668500-3	2014	Nicotine-induced up regulation of galectin-3 is due to an increased expression of alpha9 isoform of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha9nAChR), which activates transcription factor STAT3 that in turn, physically binds to galectin-3 (LGALS3) promoter and induces transcription of galectin-3.	Nicotine	0-8	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	225-235
23308043-3	2012	Here, we show that stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells with nicotine concentrations that are within the range of human exposure results in activation of Src kinase, which facilitated the induction of the inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) transcription factor.	Nicotine	63-71	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	207-237
23308043-3	2012	Here, we show that stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells with nicotine concentrations that are within the range of human exposure results in activation of Src kinase, which facilitated the induction of the inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) transcription factor.	Nicotine	63-71	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	239-242
24668500-5	2014	Moreover, nicotine-induced enrichment of side population cells with cancer stem cell-like properties was modulated by galectin-3 expression and could be significantly reduced by transient knock down of LGALS3 and its upstream signaling molecules STAT3 and alpha9nAChR.	Nicotine	10-18	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	118-128
23308043-4	2012	Depletion of Id1 prevented nicotine-mediated induction of proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, indicating that it is a major mediator of nicotine function.	Nicotine	27-35	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	13-16
24668500-5	2014	Moreover, nicotine-induced enrichment of side population cells with cancer stem cell-like properties was modulated by galectin-3 expression and could be significantly reduced by transient knock down of LGALS3 and its upstream signaling molecules STAT3 and alpha9nAChR.	Nicotine	10-18	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	202-208
24668500-6	2014	Thus, galectin-3 or its upstream signaling molecule STAT3 or alpha9nAChR could be a potential target to prevent nicotine-induced chemoresistance in breast cancer.	Nicotine	112-120	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	6-16
23308043-4	2012	Depletion of Id1 prevented nicotine-mediated induction of proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, indicating that it is a major mediator of nicotine function.	Nicotine	155-163	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	13-16
8045845-0	1994	Nicotine and acetylcholine induce release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from rat trachea.	Nicotine	0-8	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	45-76
24512725-2	2014	However, recent data strongly support the idea that other receptors (e.g., transient receptor potential A1 channel, TRPA1) and other pathways contribute to the detection mechanisms underlying the olfactory and trigeminal cell response to nicotine flavor.	Nicotine	238-246	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
24512725-5	2014	The human TRPA1 channel is activated by (-)-nicotine.	Nicotine	40-52	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
8045845-1	1994	In the present study, we observed that nicotine, the nicotinic analogue cytisine, and acetylcholine (ACh) evoked a concentration-dependent (5 x 10(-6)-5 x 10(-5) M) release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the rat trachea.	Nicotine	39-47	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	176-207
24512263-2	2014	Globally, betel nut is the fourth main psychotropic substance containing a stimulant, arecoline, that has a similar effect to nicotine.	Nicotine	126-134	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	16-19
8045845-1	1994	In the present study, we observed that nicotine, the nicotinic analogue cytisine, and acetylcholine (ACh) evoked a concentration-dependent (5 x 10(-6)-5 x 10(-5) M) release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the rat trachea.	Nicotine	39-47	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	209-213
8045845-2	1994	After a prolonged exposure to capsaicin, nicotine-induced CGRP release was absent, suggesting that the release of CGRP by nicotine is derived from capsaicin-sensitive afferent terminals.	Nicotine	41-49	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
24399025-4	2014	The aim of the present study was to assess the roles of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), Erk1/2-p38-JNK and PI3K-Akt pathway in nicotine-mediated proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects.	Nicotine	146-154	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	107-113
8045845-2	1994	After a prolonged exposure to capsaicin, nicotine-induced CGRP release was absent, suggesting that the release of CGRP by nicotine is derived from capsaicin-sensitive afferent terminals.	Nicotine	41-49	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
24399025-4	2014	The aim of the present study was to assess the roles of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), Erk1/2-p38-JNK and PI3K-Akt pathway in nicotine-mediated proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects.	Nicotine	146-154	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	114-117
8045845-2	1994	After a prolonged exposure to capsaicin, nicotine-induced CGRP release was absent, suggesting that the release of CGRP by nicotine is derived from capsaicin-sensitive afferent terminals.	Nicotine	122-130	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
8045845-4	1994	The release of CGRP evoked by capsaicin was also reduced after nicotine and cytisine desensitization.	Nicotine	63-71	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
7512633-8	1994	Nicotine also induces a dose-dependent increase (mean of 8.5-fold) in PNMT mRNA levels.	Nicotine	0-8	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	70-74
24549570-6	2014	The facilitation induced by nicotine and cocaine can be blocked by oral administration of the dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist (SKF 83566) and enhanced by the D1/D5 agonist (SKF 38393).	Nicotine	28-36	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	103-117
7512633-9	1994	The importance of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the nicotine effect is demonstrated by the stimulatory effects of calcium ionophores on PNMT mRNA levels (two-to fivefold increase) and the ability of the L- and N-type channel blockers nifedipine and omega-conotoxin to decrease the nicotine response (by 60% and 40%, respectively).	Nicotine	53-61	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	137-141
7512633-10	1994	Nuclear "run-on" assays further reveal that nicotine enhances transcription of the PNMT gene (approximately fourfold).	Nicotine	44-52	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	83-87
24368670-5	2014	Our in vivo experiments show that nicotine inhibits trophoblast interstitial invasion, increases placental hypoxia, downregulates labyrinth vascularization as well as key transcription factors Hand1 and GCM1, and decreases local and circulating EG-VEGF, a key placental angiogenic factor.	Nicotine	34-42	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-198
8072432-4	1994	In as much as alcohol, cocaine, opiates, nicotine and food are known to increase brain dopamine levels and activate the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward pathways of the brain, it is hypothesized that an inherited deficit of D2 dopamine receptor numbers in brain reward areas of A1 allelic subject predisposes them to substance abuse problems.	Nicotine	41-49	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	229-249
24368670-5	2014	Our in vivo experiments show that nicotine inhibits trophoblast interstitial invasion, increases placental hypoxia, downregulates labyrinth vascularization as well as key transcription factors Hand1 and GCM1, and decreases local and circulating EG-VEGF, a key placental angiogenic factor.	Nicotine	34-42	prokineticin 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-252
24357254-2	2014	Nicotine increases P2Y12 receptor expression in platelet lysates from healthy volunteers.	Nicotine	0-8	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	19-24
7968228-1	1994	Gravid female rats were injected subcutaneously with saline or nicotine (3.0 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, bid) from day 4 to day 20 of gestation or were left undisturbed.	Nicotine	63-71	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
7909910-5	1994	Nicotine (1 microM) failed to increase TH activity significantly, however, when added in association with PACAP, a statistically significant increase of TH was elicited with peptide concentrations 5 times lower (0.1 nM) than the threshold dose of the peptide.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	153-155
24081550-8	2014	Control NOS1-/- males exhibited an exacerbated anxiety-related response in relation to control NOS1-/- females and control wild-type (WT) males; these differences disappeared in the nicotine-administered NOS1-/- males.	Nicotine	182-190	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	8-12
24081550-9	2014	Additionally, nicotine administration differentially affected the horizontal movements of NOS1-/- females with respect to WT animals.	Nicotine	14-22	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	90-94
24446757-8	2014	CONCLUSION: Although preliminary, these findings suggest that exposure to environmental smoking and polymorphisms in the OPRM1 and DRD2 gene may affect initial sensitivity to nicotine, an early phenotype of the risk of dependence.	Nicotine	175-183	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	131-135
7901211-0	1993	Nicotine increases expression of tyrosine hydroxylase gene.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	33-53
24349346-7	2013	The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response required localized activation of CaMKII, phospholipase C, and IP3 receptor mediated Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR).	Nicotine	27-35	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	122-134
24183052-5	2013	Relationships between Wave 1 symptoms of alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence and initiation and persistence of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence at Wave 2 were examined using logistic regression analyses.	Nicotine	155-163	WASP family member 2	Homo sapiens	178-184
24201082-2	2013	Nicotine injection in full-thickness excisional skin wounds minimally affected inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 while it induced a down-regulation in the expression of growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	215-224
24045421-4	2013	Further comparisons of nicotine metabolism between Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null and Cyp2a5-null mice revealed significant roles of both CYP2A5 and CYP2B enzymes in nicotine clearance.	Nicotine	154-162	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	126-132
7901211-2	1993	Nicotine, a major component of tobacco smoke, stimulates catecholamine secretion and activates catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in adrenal medullary cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	138-158
7901211-3	1993	We investigated the effect of long term treatment with nicotine on TH and DBH gene expression in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells.	Nicotine	55-63	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	67-69
23828159-1	2013	RATIONALE: The common methionine (met) for valine (val) at codon 158 (val(158)met) polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been associated with nicotine dependence, alterations in executive cognitive function, and abstinence-induced working memory deficits in smokers.	Nicotine	169-177	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	103-131
7901211-4	1993	Nicotine treatment for 1-2 days increased both the TH and DBH mRNA levels.	Nicotine	0-8	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	51-53
23828159-1	2013	RATIONALE: The common methionine (met) for valine (val) at codon 158 (val(158)met) polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been associated with nicotine dependence, alterations in executive cognitive function, and abstinence-induced working memory deficits in smokers.	Nicotine	169-177	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	133-137
7901211-5	1993	The effect of nicotine on TH mRNA seems to be transcriptionally mediated.	Nicotine	14-22	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	26-28
7901211-9	1993	These results suggest that a cAMP-mediated pathway plays a crucial role in the long term nicotine-induced activation of the TH gene.	Nicotine	89-97	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	124-126
7511424-2	1993	Acetylcholine and carbachol as well as nicotine decreased basal and hCG-induced T secretion.	Nicotine	39-47	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	68-71
24051136-0	2013	Selective potentiation of (alpha4)3(beta2)2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors augments amplitudes of prefrontal acetylcholine- and nicotine-evoked glutamatergic transients in rats.	Nicotine	131-139	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	27-41
7511424-3	1993	The ganglionic nicotine antagonist hexamethonium promoted a partial reversal of the inhibitory effect of nicotine on basal or hCG-stimulated T secretion.	Nicotine	15-23	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	126-129
7511424-3	1993	The ganglionic nicotine antagonist hexamethonium promoted a partial reversal of the inhibitory effect of nicotine on basal or hCG-stimulated T secretion.	Nicotine	105-113	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	126-129
24260284-0	2013	CYP2B6 non-coding variation associated with smoking cessation is also associated with differences in allelic expression, splicing, and nicotine metabolism independent of common amino-acid changes.	Nicotine	135-143	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
11224194-2	1993	The hypothesis was that the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist activity of buspirone would attenuate the rate-decreasing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	129-137	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	28-48
24260284-1	2013	The Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) enzyme makes a small contribution to hepatic nicotine metabolism relative to CYP2A6, but CYP2B6 is the primary enzyme responsible for metabolism of the smoking cessation drug bupropion.	Nicotine	78-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	4-23
24260284-1	2013	The Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) enzyme makes a small contribution to hepatic nicotine metabolism relative to CYP2A6, but CYP2B6 is the primary enzyme responsible for metabolism of the smoking cessation drug bupropion.	Nicotine	78-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
24260284-2	2013	Using CYP2A6 genotype as a covariate, we find that a non-coding polymorphism in CYP2B6 previously associated with smoking cessation (rs8109525) is also significantly associated with nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	182-190	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
23926288-4	2013	The nicotine response at 20 mM was strongly pHe-dependent, - five times greater at pH 9.0 than 7.4, indicating that intracellular permeation of the (uncharged) alkaloid was required to reach the TRPV1/A1 binding sites.	Nicotine	4-12	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-200
8346498-10	1993	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that nicotine applied to the human airway mucosa produces pain and secretion of mucin, but inflammatory changes such as mucosal exudation of plasma and epithelial disruption may not be produced.	Nicotine	39-47	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	114-119
22898587-6	2013	In contrast, the antagonists of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) attenuated the nicotine-induced contraction in the rat basilar artery.	Nicotine	95-103	leukotriene B4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
1412511-1	1992	This study investigated the effect of two major ingredients in cigarette smoke, benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and nicotine, on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor binding and EGF-mediated cellular functions in rat buccal mucosa.	Nicotine	104-112	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
23871741-0	2013	Long term alterations in synaptic physiology, expression of beta2 nicotinic receptors and ERK1/2 signaling in the hippocampus of rats with prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	148-156	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	90-96
1412511-6	1992	The results demonstrate that BP and nicotine change the buccal mucosal functions associated with alteration of EGF receptor.	Nicotine	36-44	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
23871741-8	2013	Moreover, reduced levels of beta2 subunit containing nicotinic receptors and extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) were observed in nicotine exposed rats.	Nicotine	144-152	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	77-117
23871741-8	2013	Moreover, reduced levels of beta2 subunit containing nicotinic receptors and extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) were observed in nicotine exposed rats.	Nicotine	144-152	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	119-125
23871741-9	2013	These results suggest that long lasting alterations in excitatory synaptic physiology, AMPAR synaptic currents and ERK1/2 signaling may serve as the molecular mechanisms for cognitive deficits associated with prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	218-226	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
12106399-2	1992	Here, we have examined the effects of sulphydryl redox reagents on [3H]nicotine binding to chick brain nAChR immunoisolated with the monoclonal antibody mAb35.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Gallus gallus	103-108
23831084-0	2013	Ghrelin amplifies the nicotine-induced dopamine release in the rat striatum.	Nicotine	22-30	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
23689675-1	2013	Genetic variation in a genomic region on chromosome 15q25.1, which encodes the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 subunits of the cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes, confers risk to smoking and nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	187-195	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	79-104
24427901-0	2013	[The relationship between glycogen synthase kinase - 3beta -1727A/T x -50T/C genetic polymorphisms and nicotine dependence].	Nicotine	103-111	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	26-58
24427901-4	2013	However, it was shown that GSK-3beta -50T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with the nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	95-103	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	27-36
1678851-0	1991	Stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate by nicotine in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	63-71	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	15-35
23812038-8	2013	Accordingly, release of beta-hexosaminidase by MC/9 mast cells following LPS or IgE-ovalbumin complexes was dose dependently inhibited by acetylcholine and nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	24-43
1678851-1	1991	The administration of nicotine stimulates the transcription rate of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	22-30	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	72-92
1678851-5	1991	The effect of nicotine is dose dependent; a significant increase in tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate is observed using 1.0 mg/kg nicotine, whereas 0.33 mg/kg nicotine produces no effect.	Nicotine	14-22	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	68-88
1678851-5	1991	The effect of nicotine is dose dependent; a significant increase in tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate is observed using 1.0 mg/kg nicotine, whereas 0.33 mg/kg nicotine produces no effect.	Nicotine	141-149	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	68-88
23587498-7	2013	Nicotine-dependent activation of the Ca(2+)/IP3/ERK 1/2 intracellular signalling pathway was also evaluated in normal rat intrahepatic cholangiocyte.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	48-55
1678851-5	1991	The effect of nicotine is dose dependent; a significant increase in tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate is observed using 1.0 mg/kg nicotine, whereas 0.33 mg/kg nicotine produces no effect.	Nicotine	141-149	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	68-88
1678851-6	1991	The nicotinic receptor antagonists hexamethonium and mecamylamine partially inhibit the nicotine-mediated stimulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene.	Nicotine	88-96	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	125-145
1678851-7	1991	The lack of total blockade of the nicotine-mediated effect suggests that nicotine acting centrally may elicit the release of substances from the splanchnic nerve, that interact with receptors (other than the nicotinic receptor) that play a role in regulating the tyrosine hydroxylase gene.	Nicotine	73-81	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	263-283
1833784-0	1991	Evidence for an involvement of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in mediating nicotine-induced hyperactivity in rats.	Nicotine	73-81	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	31-59
23475432-9	2013	The toxic effects of MAO significantly attenuated with nicotine pre-exposure.	Nicotine	55-63	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
19912771-3	1990	Incubation of cultured bovine AM cells with nicotine or a stable analog of angiotensin II, sar1-angiotensin II, increased synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNAs (2- to 3-fold), suggesting transcriptional activation of these genes.	Nicotine	44-52	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	135-155
23639433-0	2013	Ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment induce brain levels of CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 in African green monkeys.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
23639433-3	2013	The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment, alone and in combination, on brain CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 levels in monkeys.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	147-153
23639433-6	2013	Immunocytochemistry revealed induction of both CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 protein in certain brain regions and cells within monkey brain as a result of ethanol self-administration, nicotine treatment and combined exposure to both drugs.	Nicotine	172-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
23639433-8	2013	Combined ethanol and nicotine exposure induced CYP2B6 in the caudate, putamen, thalamus and cerebellum (1.4-2.4 fold, P &lt; 0.05), and CYP2E1 in the frontal cortex and putamen (1.5-1.8, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	21-29	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
23639433-10	2013	In summary, ethanol and nicotine can induce CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 protein in the primate brain, which could potentially result in altered sensitivity to centrally acting drugs and toxins.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	44-50
23386463-8	2013	Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression and the calcium depositions decreased at 100 and 1,000 ng/ml nicotine, while the addition of Vitamin C reversed the down regulation.	Nicotine	109-117	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
23386463-8	2013	Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression and the calcium depositions decreased at 100 and 1,000 ng/ml nicotine, while the addition of Vitamin C reversed the down regulation.	Nicotine	109-117	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
23518606-4	2013	In addition, relapse to nicotine-seeking increased the phosphorylation levels of GluR2-Ser880, NR1-Ser890, and p38 MAPK in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not in the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	24-32	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	81-86
19912771-3	1990	Incubation of cultured bovine AM cells with nicotine or a stable analog of angiotensin II, sar1-angiotensin II, increased synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNAs (2- to 3-fold), suggesting transcriptional activation of these genes.	Nicotine	44-52	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	157-159
19912771-3	1990	Incubation of cultured bovine AM cells with nicotine or a stable analog of angiotensin II, sar1-angiotensin II, increased synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNAs (2- to 3-fold), suggesting transcriptional activation of these genes.	Nicotine	44-52	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	165-203
19912771-3	1990	Incubation of cultured bovine AM cells with nicotine or a stable analog of angiotensin II, sar1-angiotensin II, increased synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNAs (2- to 3-fold), suggesting transcriptional activation of these genes.	Nicotine	44-52	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	205-209
2073091-4	1990	The results show that with nicotine treatment the body weight, food and fluid intakes in rats decreased significantly, concomitant with the decrease in plasma glucose and insulin levels while plasma growth hormone levels were increased significantly.	Nicotine	27-35	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	199-213
23562942-8	2013	Of the Egr family members, NAc egr2 expression was decreased after nicotine and the drug combination whereas NAc egr3 was decreased after METH and the drug combination.	Nicotine	67-75	early growth response 3	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
23562942-10	2013	The Nr4a family member, nr4a2/nurr1, showed increased striatal expression after all three drug treatments, while striatal nr4a3/nor-1 expression was increased by the drug combination whereas NAc nr4a1/nurr77 was decreased by nicotine and the drug combination.	Nicotine	225-233	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
23562942-10	2013	The Nr4a family member, nr4a2/nurr1, showed increased striatal expression after all three drug treatments, while striatal nr4a3/nor-1 expression was increased by the drug combination whereas NAc nr4a1/nurr77 was decreased by nicotine and the drug combination.	Nicotine	225-233	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
23843937-6	2013	Pre- and post-synaptic stimulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors (BAR) with nicotine and noradrenaline, respectively, resulted in an increase of the spontaneous beating rate of VMs co-cultured with SNs in the presence of GDNF.	Nicotine	76-84	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	221-225
23192463-8	2013	Nicotine exposure had no effect on these neuronal parameters but dramatically increased the density of astrocytes immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).	Nicotine	0-8	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Cavia porcellus	133-164
2073091-6	1990	Withdrawal of nicotine for four weeks reversed all of the previously noted parameters including plasma growth hormone levels; however, the body weights were not completely reversed.	Nicotine	14-22	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	103-117
23192463-8	2013	Nicotine exposure had no effect on these neuronal parameters but dramatically increased the density of astrocytes immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).	Nicotine	0-8	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Cavia porcellus	166-170
23192463-9	2013	Further investigation into the effects of in utero nicotine exposure revealed that both GFAP-ir and NeuN-ir in the CA1 field were significantly reduced in adulthood.	Nicotine	51-59	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Cavia porcellus	88-92
2073091-7	1990	The data suggest that intake of nicotine affects body weights which appear to be associated with decreased plasma levels of glucose and insulin and release of growth hormone may play a role in that mechanism.	Nicotine	32-40	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	159-173
23875064-1	2013	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster on chromosome 15q25.1 encoding the cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunits is robustly associated with smoking behavior and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-17
1970506-2	1990	Acetylcholine or nicotine reduced cellular content of catecholamines by 30% and increased the relative abundance of pEK, TH, and PNMT mRNAs.	Nicotine	17-25	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	121-123
23067581-0	2013	Nicotine induces chromatin remodelling through decreases in the methyltransferases GLP, G9a, Setdb1 and levels of H3K9me2.	Nicotine	0-8	euchromatic histone lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	88-91
23067581-5	2013	There was a significant decrease of the HMT GLP, G9a and Setdb1 mRNA expression in the nicotine-treated tissue examined, with significant decreases seen in both total and promoter-specific H3K9me2 levels.	Nicotine	87-95	histamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	40-43
23067581-5	2013	There was a significant decrease of the HMT GLP, G9a and Setdb1 mRNA expression in the nicotine-treated tissue examined, with significant decreases seen in both total and promoter-specific H3K9me2 levels.	Nicotine	87-95	euchromatic histone lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	49-52
1970506-2	1990	Acetylcholine or nicotine reduced cellular content of catecholamines by 30% and increased the relative abundance of pEK, TH, and PNMT mRNAs.	Nicotine	17-25	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	129-133
34895312-12	2021	Finally, we captured a DNA methylation signature associated with COPD diagnosis in a gene involved in nicotine dependence (COMT) (FDR < 0.1, Deltabeta > 0.05).	Nicotine	102-110	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	123-127
23691092-0	2013	Associations of prenatal nicotine exposure and the dopamine related genes ANKK1 and DRD2 to verbal language.	Nicotine	25-33	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	84-88
23691092-10	2013	Our association of ANKK1/DRD2 further implicates the role of nicotine-related pathways and dopamine signaling in language processing, particularly in comprehension and phonological memory.	Nicotine	61-69	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	25-29
23586521-12	2013	Acute nicotine (30 min exposure) was sufficient to upregulate FRET between alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	6-14	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
23275008-7	2013	Moreover, BCX supplementation restored the nicotine-suppressed expression of lung SIRT1, p53, and RAR-beta to that of the control group, increased survival probability, and decreased the levels of lung il-6 mRNA and phosphorylation of AKT.	Nicotine	43-51	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	98-106
34508846-11	2021	In parallel, we observed increased peripheral levels of IL-6 and IL-10 alongside increased hippocampal levels of NGF but decreased GDNF in mice treated with nicotine compared to controls.	Nicotine	157-165	glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	131-135
23443505-8	2013	Compared with mono-culture systems, stimulation with nicotine caused an increased secretion of IL-1beta in serum of human PDL cell-CD4(+) T cell co-culture, and the expression of RANKL in human PDL cells was further upregulated co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, while no differences were observed in the expression of OPG between the co-culture and mono-culture systems.	Nicotine	53-61	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	317-320
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	midkine	Mus musculus	223-226
34508846-12	2021	In the striatum, nicotine promoted decrease of IL-1ss, IL-10 and GDNF levels, while the levels of all the mediators were similar between groups in the pre-frontal cortex.	Nicotine	17-25	glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	65-69
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	227-233
34697090-0	2021	Effect of a "tobacco-free nicotine" claim on intentions and perceptions of Puff Bar e-cigarette use among non-tobacco-using young adults.	Nicotine	26-34	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	80-83
23204070-2	2013	Studies have shown that cigarette smoke and nicotine are factors that induce Wnt/beta-catenin activation, which is a pathway that has also been implicated in EMT.	Nicotine	44-52	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	77-80
23204070-3	2013	The main aim of this study was to test whether human bronchial epithelial cells are able to undergo EMT in vitro following nicotine stimulation via the Wnt3a/beta-catenin signaling pathway.	Nicotine	123-131	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	152-157
23204070-4	2013	We show that nicotine activates the Wnt3a signal pathway, which leads to the translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus and activation of beta-catenin/Tcf-dependent transcription in the human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) line.	Nicotine	13-21	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	36-41
23204070-9	2013	These results suggest that HBECs are able to undergo EMT in vitro upon nicotine stimulation via the Wnt3a/beta-catenin signaling pathway.	Nicotine	71-79	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	100-105
23313759-0	2013	Beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II and synapsin I protein levels in the nucleus accumbens after nicotine withdrawal in mice.	Nicotine	167-175	synapsin I	Mus musculus	110-120
23313759-6	2013	Results show that phosphorylated and total CaMKII and synapsin I protein levels were significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens after chronic nicotine infusion, and reduced after treatment with DHbetaE, but not MLA.	Nicotine	148-156	synapsin I	Mus musculus	54-64
23313759-7	2013	A spontaneous nicotine withdrawal assessment also revealed significant reductions in phosphorylated CaMKII and synapsin I levels 24h after cessation of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	14-22	synapsin I	Mus musculus	111-121
23313759-7	2013	A spontaneous nicotine withdrawal assessment also revealed significant reductions in phosphorylated CaMKII and synapsin I levels 24h after cessation of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	152-160	synapsin I	Mus musculus	111-121
22878868-0	2013	Nicotine treatment improves Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 9 responsiveness in active pulmonary sarcoidosis.	Nicotine	0-8	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	53-73
22878868-8	2013	Nicotine treatment was associated with restoration of TLR2 and TLR9 responsiveness, and expansion of Tregs, including the CD4 1 CD25 2 FoxP3 1 phenotype.	Nicotine	0-8	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	63-67
22878868-8	2013	Nicotine treatment was associated with restoration of TLR2 and TLR9 responsiveness, and expansion of Tregs, including the CD4 1 CD25 2 FoxP3 1 phenotype.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	128-132
22878868-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine treatment in active pulmonary sarcoidosis was well tolerated and restored peripheral immune responsiveness to TLR2 and TLR9 agonists and expansion of FoxP3 1 Tregs, including a specific "preactivated" (CD25 2 ) phenotype.	Nicotine	13-21	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	141-145
22878868-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine treatment in active pulmonary sarcoidosis was well tolerated and restored peripheral immune responsiveness to TLR2 and TLR9 agonists and expansion of FoxP3 1 Tregs, including a specific "preactivated" (CD25 2 ) phenotype.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	224-228
23555029-0	2013	Nicotine affects bone resorption and suppresses the expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9 and vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase d2 and actin organization in osteoclasts.	Nicotine	0-8	cathepsin K	Mus musculus	66-77
23555029-0	2013	Nicotine affects bone resorption and suppresses the expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9 and vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase d2 and actin organization in osteoclasts.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	79-84
23555029-10	2013	Nicotine decreased expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9, and V-ATPase d2.	Nicotine	0-8	cathepsin K	Mus musculus	33-44
23555029-10	2013	Nicotine decreased expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9, and V-ATPase d2.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	46-51
23555029-15	2013	Moreover, nicotine reduced the planar area of resorption pit by suppressing the number of osteoclasts with large nuclei, V-ATPase d2, cathepsin K and MMP-9 expression and actin organization.	Nicotine	10-18	cathepsin K	Mus musculus	134-145
23555029-15	2013	Moreover, nicotine reduced the planar area of resorption pit by suppressing the number of osteoclasts with large nuclei, V-ATPase d2, cathepsin K and MMP-9 expression and actin organization.	Nicotine	10-18	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	150-155
22647317-4	2012	Chromosomal aberrations (and in particular all strains showing A1-3 reciprocal translocation) are especially frequent in strains collected on tobacco plants, and we suggest that a clastogenic effect of nicotine, further benefited by the holocentric nature of aphid chromosomes, could be at the basis of the observed phenomenon.	Nicotine	202-210	uncharacterized protein LOC107802668	Nicotiana tabacum	63-67
22571166-0	2012	Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the production of MMPs and prostaglandin E2 by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha up-regulation in human periodontal ligament cells.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
22571166-2	2012	The aim of this study was to explore the effects, as well as the signaling pathway, of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of HIF-1alpha and on the production of its target genes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ), MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PDLCs.	Nicotine	87-95	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	273-278
23034878-1	2012	Nornicotine is formed from nicotine by nicotine N-demethylase, a CYP82E family monooxygenase, and accumulates to high levels in some tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars and many wild Nicotiana species.	Nicotine	3-11	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	39-61
34697090-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Puff Bar disposable e-cigarettes are now marketed with a "tobacco-free nicotine" claim.	Nicotine	85-93	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	19-22
34697090-6	2021	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the experimental group who saw the "tobacco-free nicotine" claim reported higher intentions of using Puff Bar (coefficient=0.17, p<0.001).	Nicotine	91-99	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	148-151
34697090-9	2021	DISCUSSION: Puff Bar"s tobacco-free nicotine claim may increase non-tobacco-using young adults" intentions of using Puff Bar and reduce harm perceptions and negative expectancy towards using Puff Bar.	Nicotine	36-44	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	17-20
34697090-9	2021	DISCUSSION: Puff Bar"s tobacco-free nicotine claim may increase non-tobacco-using young adults" intentions of using Puff Bar and reduce harm perceptions and negative expectancy towards using Puff Bar.	Nicotine	36-44	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	121-124
34697090-9	2021	DISCUSSION: Puff Bar"s tobacco-free nicotine claim may increase non-tobacco-using young adults" intentions of using Puff Bar and reduce harm perceptions and negative expectancy towards using Puff Bar.	Nicotine	36-44	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	196-199
34665416-1	2022	The RhoA gene showed an important genotypic association with nicotine dependence and smoking initiation.	Nicotine	61-69	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	4-8
34502498-0	2021	Nicotine Neurotoxicity Involves Low Wnt1 Signaling in Spinal Locomotor Networks of the Postnatal Rodent Spinal Cord.	Nicotine	0-8	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
34502498-6	2021	Conversely, nicotine (0.5-1 microM) preserved neurons throughout the spinal cord and strongly activated the Wnt1 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	12-20	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
34502498-9	2021	When combining nicotine with kainate, the activation of Wnt1 was reduced compared to kainate/sham.	Nicotine	15-23	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
34502498-10	2021	The present results suggest that high dose nicotine was neurotoxic to central and ventral spinal neurons as the neuroprotective role of Wnt signaling became attenuated.	Nicotine	43-51	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
34165800-3	2021	Candidate gene studies of smoking phenotypes have identified several pharmacogenes implicated in nicotine"s pharmacokinetics (CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2A13, FMOs, UGTs, and OCT2), and nicotine"s pharmacodynamic response in the central nervous system (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as through the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems).	Nicotine	97-105	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	134-140
34175982-1	2021	BACKGROUND: There is evidence that post-training exposure to nicotine, cocaine, and their conditioned stimuli (CS), enhance memory consolidation in rats.	Nicotine	61-69	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	111-113
34460934-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to mint/menthol and certain devices (mod, box, Juul and non-juul pods) at first e-cigarette use may be associated with more frequent e-cigarette use and nicotine dependence symptoms in young adulthood.	Nicotine	175-183	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	25-29
22722030-9	2012	The antinociceptive effect of nicotine was completely abrogated by cotreatment with the selective alpha7 nAchR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) (1.0 mg/kg).	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	98-110
22727822-0	2012	Acute behavioural responses to nicotine and nicotine withdrawal syndrome are modified in GABA(B1) knockout mice.	Nicotine	31-39	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1	Mus musculus	89-96
22727822-0	2012	Acute behavioural responses to nicotine and nicotine withdrawal syndrome are modified in GABA(B1) knockout mice.	Nicotine	44-52	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1	Mus musculus	89-96
22727822-4	2012	In GABA(B1) knockout mice, the hypolocomotive effect was observed only with the highest dose of nicotine, and the antinociceptive responses in both tests were significantly reduced in GABA(B1) knockout mice compared to their wild-type littermate.	Nicotine	96-104	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1	Mus musculus	3-10
22727822-5	2012	Additionally, nicotine elicited anxiolytic- (0.05 mg/kg) and anxiogenic-like (0.8 mg/kg) responses in the elevated plus-maze test in wild-type mice, while selectively the anxiolytic-like effect was abolished in GABA(B1) knockout mice.	Nicotine	14-22	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1	Mus musculus	211-218
22922325-4	2012	Here, using zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that nicotine alters the expression of the validated endocrine disruption (ED) biomarkers, vitellogenin (vtg 1 and vtg 2) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b) at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	51-59	vitellogenin 1	Danio rerio	151-156
22922325-4	2012	Here, using zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that nicotine alters the expression of the validated endocrine disruption (ED) biomarkers, vitellogenin (vtg 1 and vtg 2) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b) at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a	Danio rerio	199-207
22698687-10	2012	Moreover, intra-CA1 microinjection of L-NAME reversed the L-arginine-induced potentiation of the nicotine response.	Nicotine	97-105	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	16-19
34522797-0	2021	The effect of CHRNA3 rs1051730 C>T and ABCB1 rs3842 A>G polymorphisms on non-small cell lung cancer and nicotine dependence in Iranian population.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-20
22698687-11	2012	The results suggest the importance of NO system(s) in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus for improving the effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	124-132	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	58-61
34522797-3	2021	The objective of the current study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1051730C > T in CHRNA3 and rs3842A > G in ABCB1, two genes contributing in the mechanism of disposition and metabolism of nicotine and its derivatives, could modify the risk of developing lung cancer, as well as nicotine dependence in Iranian.	Nicotine	225-233	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-125
34440849-0	2021	YAP-Dependent BiP Induction Is Involved in Nicotine-Mediated Oral Cancer Malignancy.	Nicotine	43-51	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	0-3
23113262-1	2012	Stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinoreceptors (nAChR, mAChR) in outbred albino mice with nicotine and aceclidine, respectively, in single equilethal doses 0.5 DL(50)6 h before sepsis induction significantly reduced animal mortality due to a decrease in blood concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and MIP-2.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	15-56
34440849-10	2021	Moreover, nicotine stimulated BiP expression through the activation of the YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex.	Nicotine	10-18	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	75-78
23113262-1	2012	Stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinoreceptors (nAChR, mAChR) in outbred albino mice with nicotine and aceclidine, respectively, in single equilethal doses 0.5 DL(50)6 h before sepsis induction significantly reduced animal mortality due to a decrease in blood concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and MIP-2.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-63
34440849-11	2021	Mechanistically, we observed that nicotine regulated YAP nuclear translocation and its interaction with TEAD through alpha7-nAChR-Akt signaling, subsequently resulting in increased TEAD occupancy on the HSPA5 promoter and elevated promoter activity.	Nicotine	34-42	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	53-56
34166222-0	2021	Beneficial impact of Nesfatin-1 on reproductive dysfunction induced by nicotine in male rats: Possible modulation of autophagy and pyroptosis signaling pathways.	Nicotine	71-79	nucleobindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
34166222-1	2021	This study was conducted to explore the beneficial impact of nesfatin-1 on reproductive dysfunction induced by nicotine (NT) in male rats with possible modulation of autophagy and pyroptosis signaling pathways.	Nicotine	111-119	nucleobindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
22498344-6	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine significantly upregulated mRNA and protein expression of the most abundantly expressed CYPs in SVGA astrocytes, CYP2A6 and CYP1A1.	Nicotine	9-17	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	141-147
34166222-1	2021	This study was conducted to explore the beneficial impact of nesfatin-1 on reproductive dysfunction induced by nicotine (NT) in male rats with possible modulation of autophagy and pyroptosis signaling pathways.	Nicotine	121-123	nucleobindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
22377092-0	2012	ANAPC1 and SLCO3A1 are associated with nicotine dependence: meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.	Nicotine	39-47	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1	Homo sapiens	11-18
34166222-12	2021	In conclusion: Nesfatin-1 alleviated the impairment of male reproductive functions induced by NT via enhancement of autophagy pathways, suppression of pyroptosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production.	Nicotine	94-96	nucleobindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
34328284-6	2021	Some authors present that smoking and nicotine reduce the amount of the ACE2 receptors which are used by the novel coronavirus to enter cells, while others claim that ACE2 receptors are upregulated in smokers.	Nicotine	38-46	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
22243762-1	2012	In previous research, nicotine-dependent men exhibited lower putamen D2/D3 dopamine-receptor availability than non-smokers (Fehr et al.	Nicotine	22-30	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	72-92
35461879-0	2022	Relapse-like behavior and nAChR sensitization following intermittent access nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
22532626-5	2012	An increase in alpha4beta2*-nAChR binding sites was observed in hippocampus, but not in diencephalon, after 24 h of treatment with 1 muM nicotine.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-33
22532626-10	2012	Given the differences observed between hippocampus and diencephalon neurons exposed to nicotine, multiple mechanisms may play a role in the regulation of nAChR expression and function.	Nicotine	87-95	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	154-159
35461879-7	2022	IntA nicotine SA also induced nAChR functional upregulation in the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), and it enhanced nicotine binding in the brain as determined via (11C)nicotine positron emission tomography.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
22562289-7	2012	However, AMs from mice deficient in the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) had less TGFbeta1, reduced alternative activation, and improved phagocytic functioning despite similar in utero nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-79
22562289-8	2012	CONCLUSION: In utero nicotine exposure, mediated in part via the alpha7 nAChR, may increase the risk of lower respiratory tract infections in neonates by changing the resting state of AM toward alternative activation.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	65-77
22389047-2	2012	Endogenous opioid neurotransmission, and the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in particular, plays a role in affective regulation and is modulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	142-150	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	45-63
22389047-2	2012	Endogenous opioid neurotransmission, and the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in particular, plays a role in affective regulation and is modulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	142-150	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
35577041-8	2022	In addition, nicotine individually decreased expression levels of all examined protein targets, significantly for CYP1B1 (p < 0.001), CYP19A1 (p = 0.010), AhRR (p = 0.042), and ARNT (p < 0.001), compared to control.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-141
22552933-10	2012	In 5/6Nx rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased urinary protein excretion (onefold), worsened the glomerular injury score and increased fibronectin (~ 50%), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; ~100%), and transforming growth factor-beta expression (~200%).	Nicotine	37-45	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-169
35495633-8	2022	Both H2S and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activation inhibitor 4mu8C inhibited nicotine-induced activation of IRE1, Smad2/3 and EMT.	Nicotine	85-93	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	13-40
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	223-229
22526143-7	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment transiently induced translation of GluR2 mRNA and Akt phosphorylation with a concomitant increase of YB-1/HSP60 interaction.	Nicotine	9-17	heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin)	Mus musculus	134-139
22526143-12	2012	In HSP60-depleted cells, nicotine treatment induced nuclear localization of YB-1.	Nicotine	25-33	heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin)	Mus musculus	3-8
35495633-8	2022	Both H2S and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activation inhibitor 4mu8C inhibited nicotine-induced activation of IRE1, Smad2/3 and EMT.	Nicotine	85-93	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
22245234-0	2012	Maternal nicotine effects on vascular endothelial growth factor expression and morphometry in rat lungs.	Nicotine	9-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	29-63
35495633-8	2022	Both H2S and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activation inhibitor 4mu8C inhibited nicotine-induced activation of IRE1, Smad2/3 and EMT.	Nicotine	85-93	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
35495633-8	2022	Both H2S and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activation inhibitor 4mu8C inhibited nicotine-induced activation of IRE1, Smad2/3 and EMT.	Nicotine	85-93	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	122-129
22245234-2	2012	We evaluated the effects of maternal nicotine exposure on lung VEGF expression and morphometry during the postnatal period in rats.	Nicotine	37-45	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
35455685-0	2022	Dopamine DRD2 and DRD3 Polymorphisms Involvement in Nicotine Dependence in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Mental Disorders.	Nicotine	52-60	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	9-13
22245234-7	2012	Nicotine exposure caused a significant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 mRNA expression, compared with the level of the control rats on Postnatal Day 1.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	51-85
22245234-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy decreases VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression and alters lung structure in the lungs of postnatal rats.	Nicotine	22-30	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
35131329-6	2022	In vitro, nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR, p-STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression, accompanied by the expression of caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	10-18	caspase 1	Mus musculus	134-143
22245234-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy decreases VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression and alters lung structure in the lungs of postnatal rats.	Nicotine	22-30	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
22245234-10	2012	Because angiogenesis is vital for alveolarization during normal lung development, these results suggest that decreased VEGF expression might be involved in the structural alterations of the developing lung after exposure to antenatal nicotine.	Nicotine	234-242	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
35131329-6	2022	In vitro, nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR, p-STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression, accompanied by the expression of caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	10-18	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	158-163
2522303-0	1989	Chronic nicotine use blocks haloperidol-induced increase in striatal D2-dopamine receptor density.	Nicotine	8-16	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	69-89
22009521-0	2012	Role of alpha7- and beta4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the affective and somatic aspects of nicotine withdrawal: studies in knockout mice.	Nicotine	111-119	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	20-25
2522303-4	1989	Contrary to expectations, our data show that nicotine blocked the increase in D2-dopamine receptor density after neuroleptic administration.	Nicotine	45-53	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	78-98
22009521-3	2012	At 3-6 h of spontaneous nicotine/saline withdrawal, thresholds were elevated in nicotine-withdrawing alpha7(+/+) and beta4(+/+), but not alpha7(-/-) or beta4(-/-), mice compared with saline-withdrawing mice, indicating a delay in the onset of withdrawal in the knockout mice.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	101-107
22009521-3	2012	At 3-6 h of spontaneous nicotine/saline withdrawal, thresholds were elevated in nicotine-withdrawing alpha7(+/+) and beta4(+/+), but not alpha7(-/-) or beta4(-/-), mice compared with saline-withdrawing mice, indicating a delay in the onset of withdrawal in the knockout mice.	Nicotine	24-32	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	117-122
2837398-6	1988	Nicotine evoked a calcium-dependent release of VIP, which was blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 microM), d-propranolol (0.5 microM) or, as previously shown, by apamin (0.2 microM).	Nicotine	0-8	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	47-50
22009521-3	2012	At 3-6 h of spontaneous nicotine/saline withdrawal, thresholds were elevated in nicotine-withdrawing alpha7(+/+) and beta4(+/+), but not alpha7(-/-) or beta4(-/-), mice compared with saline-withdrawing mice, indicating a delay in the onset of withdrawal in the knockout mice.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	101-107
22009521-5	2012	Somatic signs were attenuated in nicotine-withdrawing beta4(-/-), but not alpha7(-/-), mice.	Nicotine	33-41	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	54-59
22009521-8	2012	In conclusion, null mutation of the alpha7 and beta4 nAChR subunits resulted in a delayed onset of the anhedonic aspects of the spontaneous nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	36-42
22009521-8	2012	In conclusion, null mutation of the alpha7 and beta4 nAChR subunits resulted in a delayed onset of the anhedonic aspects of the spontaneous nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	140-148	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	47-52
22009521-8	2012	In conclusion, null mutation of the alpha7 and beta4 nAChR subunits resulted in a delayed onset of the anhedonic aspects of the spontaneous nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	53-58
22009521-9	2012	Previous findings of attenuated somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal in beta4(-/-), but not alpha7(-/-), mice were confirmed in the present study, indicating an important role for beta4-containing nAChRs in the somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	49-57	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	72-77
22009521-9	2012	Previous findings of attenuated somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal in beta4(-/-), but not alpha7(-/-), mice were confirmed in the present study, indicating an important role for beta4-containing nAChRs in the somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	228-236	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	180-185
22009521-11	2012	In summary, the present results indicate an important role for alpha7 and beta4-containing nAChRs in the anhedonic or somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	63-69
22009521-11	2012	In summary, the present results indicate an important role for alpha7 and beta4-containing nAChRs in the anhedonic or somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	135-143	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	74-79
22042234-3	2012	Genetic variation in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster has been associated with early substance experimentation, nicotine dependence, and other drug behaviors.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
2837398-7	1988	The finding that nicotine-induced relaxation was accompanied by the neuronal release of VIP is compatible with the possibility that VIP is an inhibitory transmitter but is not definitive evidence, since it could have been due to the stimulation of distinct populations of nerves by nicotine.	Nicotine	17-25	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	88-91
3594060-3	1987	It was observed that nicotine treatment at the dose of 2 mg kg-1 (bid), or higher, significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased the length and area of skin flap survival compared with the control.	Nicotine	21-29	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
22462479-0	2012	Endogenously released ACh and exogenous nicotine differentially facilitate long-term potentiation induction in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice.	Nicotine	40-48	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	127-130
22462479-12	2012	Thus, our study demonstrates that the activation of alpha7- and beta2-containing nAChRs differentially facilitates LTP induction via endogenously released ACh and exogenous nicotine, respectively, in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice.	Nicotine	173-181	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	52-69
22462479-12	2012	Thus, our study demonstrates that the activation of alpha7- and beta2-containing nAChRs differentially facilitates LTP induction via endogenously released ACh and exogenous nicotine, respectively, in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice.	Nicotine	173-181	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	216-219
3091857-1	1986	A nicotine chewing gum has recently become available for use as an aid in giving up cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	2-10	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	67-70
22138237-7	2012	The effect of nicotine on weight loss in mice on an HFD was completely blocked by mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, but only partially blocked by the alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist/antagonist, varenicline.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	111-143
22138237-7	2012	The effect of nicotine on weight loss in mice on an HFD was completely blocked by mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, but only partially blocked by the alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist/antagonist, varenicline.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	145-150
22138237-7	2012	The effect of nicotine on weight loss in mice on an HFD was completely blocked by mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, but only partially blocked by the alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist/antagonist, varenicline.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	210-215
3518450-4	1986	In addition, the effect of nicotine on renin secretion was evaluated in vitro.	Nicotine	27-35	renin	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
22261351-8	2012	Furthermore, the beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist (ICI 118,551; 100 nM) and beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonist (SR 59230A; 100 nM) inhibited the catecholamine release stimulated by isoproterenol and nicotine in chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	195-203	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	75-95
3517989-2	1986	Nicotine enzyme immunoassay has been developed for the first time using antibodies produced against 6-epsilon-aminocapramido -DL-nicotine and beta-galactosidase nicotine enzyme.	Nicotine	0-8	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-160
22396410-1	2012	Polymorphisms in the gene for the alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit are associated with vulnerability to nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	127-135	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	75-80
22240023-0	2012	Nicotine-mediated induction of E-selectin in aortic endothelial cells requires Src kinase and E2F1 transcriptional activity.	Nicotine	0-8	selectin E	Homo sapiens	31-41
22240023-0	2012	Nicotine-mediated induction of E-selectin in aortic endothelial cells requires Src kinase and E2F1 transcriptional activity.	Nicotine	0-8	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
22240023-2	2012	In endothelial cells, various cell-adhesion molecules including E-selectin, are shown to be upregulated upon exposure to nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco smoke; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this induction are poorly understood.	Nicotine	121-129	selectin E	Homo sapiens	64-74
22240023-3	2012	Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced E-selectin transcription in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be significantly blocked by alpha7-nAChR subunit inhibitor, alpha-BT, Src-kinase inhibitor, PP2, or siRNAs against Src or beta-Arrestin-1 (beta-Arr1).	Nicotine	25-33	selectin E	Homo sapiens	42-52
2864237-5	1985	Concomitant treatment of testicular cells with nicotinic cholinergic agonists (lobeline, nicotine, and dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide) inhibited hCG-stimulated androgen biosynthesis in a dose-dependent fashion, with IC50 values of 3 X 10(-5), 1.7 X 10(-4), and greater than 10(-3) M, respectively.	Nicotine	89-97	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	148-151
22240023-4	2012	Further, chromatin immunoprecipitations show that E-selectin is an E2F1 responsive gene and nicotine stimulation results in increased recruitment of E2F1 on E-selectin promoter.	Nicotine	92-100	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
22240023-4	2012	Further, chromatin immunoprecipitations show that E-selectin is an E2F1 responsive gene and nicotine stimulation results in increased recruitment of E2F1 on E-selectin promoter.	Nicotine	92-100	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
22240023-4	2012	Further, chromatin immunoprecipitations show that E-selectin is an E2F1 responsive gene and nicotine stimulation results in increased recruitment of E2F1 on E-selectin promoter.	Nicotine	92-100	selectin E	Homo sapiens	157-167
22240023-5	2012	Inhibiting E2F1 activity using RRD-251, a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 kinase interaction, could significantly inhibit the nicotine-induced recruitment of E2F1 to the E-selectin promoter as well as E-selectin expression.	Nicotine	120-128	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
22240023-5	2012	Inhibiting E2F1 activity using RRD-251, a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 kinase interaction, could significantly inhibit the nicotine-induced recruitment of E2F1 to the E-selectin promoter as well as E-selectin expression.	Nicotine	120-128	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
22240023-5	2012	Inhibiting E2F1 activity using RRD-251, a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 kinase interaction, could significantly inhibit the nicotine-induced recruitment of E2F1 to the E-selectin promoter as well as E-selectin expression.	Nicotine	120-128	selectin E	Homo sapiens	164-174
22240023-5	2012	Inhibiting E2F1 activity using RRD-251, a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 kinase interaction, could significantly inhibit the nicotine-induced recruitment of E2F1 to the E-selectin promoter as well as E-selectin expression.	Nicotine	120-128	selectin E	Homo sapiens	195-205
22240023-7	2012	Similarly, depletion of E2F1 or Src using RNAi blocked the increased adhesion of monocytes to nicotine-stimulated HAECs.	Nicotine	94-102	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
22240023-8	2012	These results suggest that nicotine-stimulated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells is dependent on the activation of alpha7-nAChRs, beta-Arr1 and cSrc regulated increase in E2F1-mediated transcription of E-selectin gene.	Nicotine	27-35	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
22240023-8	2012	These results suggest that nicotine-stimulated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells is dependent on the activation of alpha7-nAChRs, beta-Arr1 and cSrc regulated increase in E2F1-mediated transcription of E-selectin gene.	Nicotine	27-35	selectin E	Homo sapiens	211-221
22042774-0	2012	Rare missense variants in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-32
22042774-5	2012	Missense variants at conserved residues in CHRNB4 are associated with lower risk for nicotine dependence in African Americans and European Americans (AA P = 0.0025, odds-ratio (OR) = 0.31, 95% confidence-interval (CI) = 0.31-0.72; EA P = 0.023, OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50-0.95).	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-49
22042774-9	2012	The minor allele of each polymorphism increased cellular response to nicotine (T375I P = 0.01, T91I P = 0.02, R37H P = 0.003), but the largest effect on in vitro receptor activity was seen in the presence of both CHRNB4 T91I and CHRNA3 R37H (P = 2 x 10(-6)).	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-219
22441542-7	2012	RESULTS: Repeated nicotine exposure upregulated CHRNA7 expression on THP-I monocytes and led to an enhanced potential of alpha7 nAChR agonist GSK1345038A to reduce TNF levels.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-54
2578477-5	1985	Eserine, amantadine, nicotine, atropine, benzylamine, and propranolol inhibit cathepsin D in concentrations causing proteolytic inhibition in cell cultures or in concentrations believed to be attained in lysosomes.	Nicotine	21-29	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	78-89
22005597-0	2012	Diminished conditioned responding to the nicotine stimulus by antidepressant drugs with differing specificity for the serotonin and norepinephrine transporter.	Nicotine	41-49	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-158
2984705-2	1985	Nicotine (6.1 microM) stimulated secretion of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity from C3H IPMB approximately twofold.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	46-60
22108649-3	2012	Monoamine release is facilitated by nAChR stimulation, and nicotine-evoked serotonin (5-HT) release has been shown to depend on alpha7 nAChR activation.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	135-140
2984705-3	1985	Secretion of alpha MSH immunoreactivity was stimulated approximately two- and sixfold by 6.1 microM and 12.2 microM nicotine, respectively.	Nicotine	116-124	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	13-22
21803113-6	2011	These data, while preliminary, indicate that cholinesterase inhibitors warrant consideration as treatments for nicotine dependence, including use in stimulant-dependent individuals who exhibit significantly higher rates of smoking than the general population.	Nicotine	111-119	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	45-59
2984705-5	1985	The data suggest nicotine acts in the brain to stimulate pituitary secretion of alpha MSH and beta-endorphin.	Nicotine	17-25	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	80-89
2984705-5	1985	The data suggest nicotine acts in the brain to stimulate pituitary secretion of alpha MSH and beta-endorphin.	Nicotine	17-25	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	94-108
6384653-6	1984	Further experiments were carried out in which nicotine was administered chronically over 4 weeks (implanted osmotic minipumps infusing 0.17 mg/kg) in rats in which the endogenous activity of the renin-angiotensin system was modified by either a low- or high-salt diet.	Nicotine	46-54	renin	Rattus norvegicus	195-200
21609715-7	2011	alpha6-eGFPbeta2 nAChRs were also activated by nicotine and by TC-2403.	Nicotine	47-55	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	0-6
21609715-8	2011	The alpha6-eGFPbeta2 currents were desensitized by 1muM nicotine, blocked by alpha-conotoxin MII, partially inhibited by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and potentiated by extracellular Ca(2+).	Nicotine	56-64	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	4-10
6617738-3	1983	Audiogenic stress and nicotine induced very rapid and discrete decreases in noradrenaline levels in the subependymal layer (SEL), in the parvocellular part of nuc.	Nicotine	22-30	nucleobindin 1	Homo sapiens	159-162
698852-8	1978	Nicotine also lowered serum levels of GH and prolactin.	Nicotine	0-8	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	38-40
21768117-11	2011	In contrast, chronic nicotine substantially increased the number of alpha4beta2-containing vesicle fusions at the PM; this stage in alpha4beta2 nAChR up-regulation is presumably downstream from increased ER exit.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	144-149
21999690-4	2011	Evidence gathered from expression and injection studies suggests that the consumption of drugs, such as ethanol and nicotine, and also of palatable foods rich in fat is stimulated by different orexigenic peptides, such as enkephalin, galanin, orexin, and melaninconcentrating hormone, acting within the hypothalamus or various limbic structures, while another peptide, neuropeptide Y, is closely related to carbohydrate consumption and shows an inverse relationship with ethanol and nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	116-124	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	369-383
21497036-1	2011	Nicotine is considered to be a specific substrate for UGT2B10, an isoform of human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT).	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	54-61
589469-3	1977	Nicotine, at comparable concentrations affected only the IPL.	Nicotine	0-8	pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 2	Homo sapiens	57-60
21630219-2	2011	We have recently shown that nicotine, a risk factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), induces an alpha7-nicotine acetylcholine receptor (alpha7-nAChR)-mediated increase of OPN in PDA cells.	Nicotine	28-36	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	181-184
21630219-3	2011	In this study, we tested nicotine"s effect on the expression of OPN splice variants (OPNa, b, c) in PDA cells.	Nicotine	25-33	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
21083424-1	2011	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit (alpha7nAChR) by nicotine leads to the improved survival rate in experimental model of sepsis.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	63-74
21083424-3	2011	However, that activation of alpha7nAChR by nicotine provides anti-inflammatory action through HO-1 upregulation has not been elucidated.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-39
21330654-0	2011	Nicotine increases the VEGF/PEDF ratio in retinal pigment epithelium: a possible mechanism for CNV in passive smokers with AMD.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
7752-5	1976	Carbamylcholine, acetylcholine and nicotine at concentrations of 10(-4) M elicited a selective induction of TH and DBH both in intact and decentralized ganglia via nicotinic receptor stimulation.	Nicotine	35-43	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	108-110
21486776-6	2011	Expression of the A2A receptor in HEK cells also increased the apparent potency of nAChR for nicotine, further supporting a general A2A-induced gain of function for nAChR.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	83-88
21486776-6	2011	Expression of the A2A receptor in HEK cells also increased the apparent potency of nAChR for nicotine, further supporting a general A2A-induced gain of function for nAChR.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	165-170
21781517-10	2011	CONCLUSION: PKC-ERK1/2 signal pathway may play a partial role in the up-regulation of PAI-1 induced by nicotine in HUVECs.	Nicotine	103-111	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
4638886-0	1972	Antrectomy prevents nicotine from activating rat stomach histidine decarboxylase.	Nicotine	20-28	histidine decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	57-80
21576462-1	2011	Evidence points to the endogenous opioid system, and the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in particular, in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, including nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	57-75
21576462-1	2011	Evidence points to the endogenous opioid system, and the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in particular, in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, including nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
21555077-1	2011	Nicotine dependence is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNB4-CHRNA3-CHRNA5 gene cluster encoding the alpha3beta4alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	171-176
33813843-5	2021	Reduction of renal 11beta-HSD2 expression by nicotine was correlated with the suppression of C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta) and activation of Akt protein kinase phosphorylation (pThr308Akt/PKB) within the kidney.	Nicotine	45-53	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	93-102
21501256-0	2011	Shifting topographic activation and 5-HT1A receptor-mediated inhibition of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons produced by nicotine exposure and withdrawal.	Nicotine	118-126	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	36-51
21501256-7	2011	Previous chronic nicotine exposure did not modify the pattern of activation produced by acute nicotine exposure, but increased 5-HT1A receptor-dependent inhibition of 5-HT cells in the caudal DR.	Nicotine	17-25	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	127-142
33813843-9	2021	Addition of nicotine to mouse renal cortical collecting duct M1 cells downregulated 11beta-HSD2 and stimulated MR expression, and these effects are likely mediated by activation of Akt coupled inhibition of C/EBPbeta.	Nicotine	12-20	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	207-216
21501256-8	2011	This pattern was nearly reversed during nicotine withdrawal, when there was evidence for caudal activation and mid-level and rostral 5-HT1A receptor-dependent inhibition.	Nicotine	40-48	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	133-148
21501256-9	2011	These results suggest that the distinct behavioral states produced by nicotine exposure and withdrawal correlate with reciprocal rostral-caudal patterns of activation and 5-HT1A receptor-mediated inhibition of DR 5-HT neurons.	Nicotine	70-78	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	171-186
34006831-11	2021	Additionally, nicotine provoked SOCS3, degraded AdipoR1, and attenuated APN-activated ERK1/2 in the presence of high glucose and high lipid (HG/HL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	14-22	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
34006831-13	2021	In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time that nicotine primed vascular APN resistance via SOCS3-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated AdipoR1, accelerating diabetic endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	60-68	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	104-109
34055688-7	2021	The virus targets the angiotensin converting receptor (ACE receptor), and studies have shown nicotine-based e-cigarettes or vaping cause oxidative stress and resulting in the upregulation of ACE2, which might worsen ARDS in MIS-C. Our mini-review highlights that adolescents using e-cigarette have alterations in their pulmonary defenses against SARS-CoV-2: an upregulation of the ACE2 receptors, the primary target of SARS-CoV-2.	Nicotine	93-101	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	191-195
19464074-7	2011	The results indicate that 6 weeks of nicotine treatment reduced the levels of Abeta(1-40) and BACE1 peptides in hippocampal area CA1 and prevented Abeta-induced impairment of learning and short-term memory.	Nicotine	37-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
19464074-8	2011	Chronic nicotine also prevented the Abeta-induced inhibition of basal synaptic transmission and LTP in hippocampal area CA1.	Nicotine	8-16	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
34055688-7	2021	The virus targets the angiotensin converting receptor (ACE receptor), and studies have shown nicotine-based e-cigarettes or vaping cause oxidative stress and resulting in the upregulation of ACE2, which might worsen ARDS in MIS-C. Our mini-review highlights that adolescents using e-cigarette have alterations in their pulmonary defenses against SARS-CoV-2: an upregulation of the ACE2 receptors, the primary target of SARS-CoV-2.	Nicotine	93-101	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	381-385
32776643-4	2021	Previous work found decreased expression of Chrna6 and Chrnb3 transcripts in the ventral midbrain of male PKCepsilon-/- mice, who also consume less nicotine and alcohol compared with wild-type (WT) littermates.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 6	Mus musculus	44-50
32776643-4	2021	Previous work found decreased expression of Chrna6 and Chrnb3 transcripts in the ventral midbrain of male PKCepsilon-/- mice, who also consume less nicotine and alcohol compared with wild-type (WT) littermates.	Nicotine	148-156	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	106-116
32776643-11	2021	Additionally, we found that female PKCepsilon-/- mice show altered alcohol and nicotine consumption patterns in chronic voluntary two-bottle choice assays.	Nicotine	79-87	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	35-45
33146402-0	2021	Nicotine exhausts CD8+ T cells against tumor cells through increasing miR-629-5p to repress IL2RB-mediated granzyme B expression.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 629	Homo sapiens	70-77
22904093-11	2012	In vivo, nicotine enhanced plasma levels of TLR7/8-mediated IL-6 and IL-1beta responses in prehypertensive SHRs but suppressed these responses in WKY rats.	Nicotine	9-17	toll-like receptor 8	Rattus norvegicus	44-50
22546501-2	2012	The present study is to explore HBV-specific CTL priming and its cytolytic activities of nicotine-treated murine DCs, the mechanism of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) up-regulation by nicotine and the efficiency of nicotine with other cytokines.	Nicotine	200-208	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	176-181
22546501-2	2012	The present study is to explore HBV-specific CTL priming and its cytolytic activities of nicotine-treated murine DCs, the mechanism of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) up-regulation by nicotine and the efficiency of nicotine with other cytokines.	Nicotine	200-208	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	176-181
22546501-6	2012	The mechanism of nicotine up-regulating alpha7 nAChR was finally explored by Western blot.	Nicotine	17-25	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
22546501-8	2012	Nicotine up-regulated the expression of alpha7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs" ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-gamma in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
22546501-8	2012	Nicotine up-regulated the expression of alpha7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs" ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-gamma in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
22546501-8	2012	Nicotine up-regulated the expression of alpha7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs" ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-gamma in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	245-253	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
22546501-8	2012	Nicotine up-regulated the expression of alpha7 nAChR by activating PI3K-Akt pathway in murine DCs; secondly, nicotine stimulation could enhance DCs" ability of HBV-specific T cell proliferation and IL-12 secretion; thirdly, adoptive transfer of nicotine stimulated DCs could induce HBV specific CTL priming in vivo and those CTL had cytolytic activities; fourthly, nicotine had equal efficiencies to 2 ng/ml IFN-gamma in DCs-mediated T cell proliferation.	Nicotine	245-253	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
33146402-0	2021	Nicotine exhausts CD8+ T cells against tumor cells through increasing miR-629-5p to repress IL2RB-mediated granzyme B expression.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	92-97
33146402-10	2021	We identified that miR-629-5p was increased by nicotine, that targeted IL2RB.	Nicotine	47-55	microRNA 629	Homo sapiens	19-26
22453137-1	2012	Experimental drugs that activate alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha) have recently been shown to reduce the rewarding effects of nicotine in animals, but these drugs have not been approved for human use.	Nicotine	160-168	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	89-98
33146402-10	2021	We identified that miR-629-5p was increased by nicotine, that targeted IL2RB.	Nicotine	47-55	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	71-76
33146402-13	2021	This study demonstrated that nicotine exhausted CD8+ T cells against HCC827 cells through increasing miR-629-5p to suppress IL2RB.	Nicotine	29-37	microRNA 629	Homo sapiens	101-108
33146402-13	2021	This study demonstrated that nicotine exhausted CD8+ T cells against HCC827 cells through increasing miR-629-5p to suppress IL2RB.	Nicotine	29-37	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	124-129
33995360-10	2021	The level of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was reduced in the LPS-treated group, it was increased following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	111-119	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	13-38
22741175-2	2012	The present study examined the efficacy of nAChR ligands with different pharmacological profiles such as cytisine, lobeline and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) to modulate chronic nicotine-induced increase in ethanol intake by C57BL/6J mice, using a two-bottle choice procedure.	Nicotine	184-192	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	43-48
33995360-10	2021	The level of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was reduced in the LPS-treated group, it was increased following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	111-119	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	40-44
33905756-12	2021	Behavioural differences were associated with brain gene expression changes: nicotine withdrawn animals showed decreased expression of chrna 4 and chrna7 after 60 days, and of htr2a from 7 to 60 days.The expression of c-Fos was significantly increased at 7 days.	Nicotine	76-84	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	217-222
22387704-3	2012	While the studies probing the role of leptin and NPY in weight modulating effect of nicotine have so far been inconsistent and based largely on animal systems, there is a paucity of data involving human subjects.	Nicotine	84-92	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	49-52
33879270-9	2021	Additional highlights from recent SUD GWAS include the robust confirmation of loci in alcohol metabolizing genes (e.g. ADH1B and ALDH2) affecting alcohol-related traits, and loci within the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster influencing nicotine-related traits.	Nicotine	236-244	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-203
33166075-0	2021	Perinatal nicotine exposure alters lung development and induces HMGB1-RAGE expression in neonatal mice.	Nicotine	10-18	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	64-69
22006218-0	2012	Large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian population reveals genetic factors in FRMD4A and other loci influencing smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	146-154	FERM domain containing 4A	Homo sapiens	89-95
33166075-4	2021	Animal and human studies have found cigarette smoke exposure upregulates RAGE expression, suggesting that the HMGB1-RAGE pathway might be involved in maternal nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	159-167	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
33166075-12	2021	These perinatal nicotine effects on lung development were associated with increased HMGB1 and RAGE expression.	Nicotine	16-24	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	84-89
33166075-13	2021	CONCLUSIONS: HMGB1-RAGE pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of altered lung development induced by perinatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	117-125	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	13-18
33850935-0	2021	Nicotine upregulates ACE2 expression and increases competence for SARS-CoV-2 in human pneumocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
22513716-10	2012	This study shows that DBH rs5320 polymorphism influences nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	57-65	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	22-25
22489671-9	2012	RESULTS: Treatment with nicotine reduced cell viability and increased the proportion of annexin V-negative, propidium iodide-positive cells, an indication of cell death.	Nicotine	24-32	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	88-97
22489671-11	2012	Nicotine treatment led to the downregulation of ECM molecules, including collagen type I, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulation of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9).	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
22489671-11	2012	Nicotine treatment led to the downregulation of ECM molecules, including collagen type I, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulation of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9).	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	141-146
22489671-11	2012	Nicotine treatment led to the downregulation of ECM molecules, including collagen type I, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulation of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9).	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	155-160
22489671-12	2012	Inhibition of ER stress by salubrinal and transfection of CHOP small interfering RNA attenuated the nicotine-induced cell death, ECM degradation and production of MMPs.	Nicotine	100-108	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
22489671-14	2012	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that nicotine-induced cell death is mediated by the ER stress pathway, involving ECM degradation by MMPs, in human periodontal ligament cells.	Nicotine	40-48	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
22241830-0	2012	Analysis of detailed phenotype profiles reveals CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster association with several nicotine dependence traits.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-68
22241830-7	2012	DSM-IV ND symptoms associated significantly with the proxy SNP Locus 1 (rs2036527, p = .000009) and Locus 2 (rs578776, p = .0001) and tolerance factor of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) showed suggestive association to rs11636753 (p = .0059), rs11634351 (p = .0069), and rs1948 (p = .0071) in CHRNB4.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	307-313
22241831-10	2012	Using a dose of nicotine selective for beta2*-nAChR subtype effects with these tests, dose-dependent antagonism by varenicline was seen.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	46-51
33850935-4	2021	We exposed low angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing human pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 epithelial cells to nicotine and assessed ACE2 expression at different times.	Nicotine	121-129	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	15-46
33850935-4	2021	We exposed low angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing human pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 epithelial cells to nicotine and assessed ACE2 expression at different times.	Nicotine	121-129	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
33850935-6	2021	Nicotine exposure induces rapid and long-lasting increases in gene and protein expression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2, which in turn translates into increased competence for SARS-CoV-2 replication and cytopathic effect.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
33831213-2	2021	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate the rewarding effects of nicotine in preclinical studies.	Nicotine	86-94	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-32
22676196-0	2012	A systematic review of the A118G (Asn40Asp) variant of OPRM1 in relation to smoking initiation, nicotine dependence and smoking cessation.	Nicotine	96-104	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
22640768-8	2012	It is not surprising that the genes discovered so far act in a variety of ways: via altered metabolism of drug (the alcohol and nicotine metabolic gene variants), via altered function of a drug receptor (the nicotinic receptor, which may alter affinity for nicotine but as discussed may also alter circuitry of reward), and via general mechanisms of addiction (genes such as monoamine oxidase A and the serotonin transporter that modulate stress response, emotion, and behavioral control).	Nicotine	128-136	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	375-394
22640768-8	2012	It is not surprising that the genes discovered so far act in a variety of ways: via altered metabolism of drug (the alcohol and nicotine metabolic gene variants), via altered function of a drug receptor (the nicotinic receptor, which may alter affinity for nicotine but as discussed may also alter circuitry of reward), and via general mechanisms of addiction (genes such as monoamine oxidase A and the serotonin transporter that modulate stress response, emotion, and behavioral control).	Nicotine	257-265	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	375-394
22640768-10	2012	A few well-validated, specific predictors such as OPRM1, ADH1B, ALDH2, CHRNA5, and CYP26 have been identified and can provide some specific guidance, for example, to understand alcohol-related flushing and upper GI cancer risk (ADH1B and AKLDH2), variation in nicotine metabolism (CYP26), and, potentially, naltrexone treatment response (OPRM1).	Nicotine	260-268	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
33831213-2	2021	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate the rewarding effects of nicotine in preclinical studies.	Nicotine	86-94	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	34-40
22624500-3	2012	The objective of the present study was to determine whether nicotine-induced neuroprotection in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model occurs via alpha7-nAChR-mediated inhibition of astrocytes.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	175-187
33859566-5	2021	Interestingly, we observed a positive direct correlation between ACE-2 reduction and nicotine delivery.	Nicotine	85-93	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	65-70
22624500-7	2012	The protective effects of nicotine were abolished by administration of the alpha7-nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	75-87
22624500-9	2012	CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results suggest that alpha7-nAChR-mediated inhibition of astrocyte activation is an important mechanism underlying the protective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	53-65
33884179-9	2021	Nicotine (10 nM) also increased IRE1alpha and PERK phosphorylation, and ATF6 and GRP78 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	32-41
22521583-10	2012	Western blot analysis revealed that nicotine decreased protein levels of ER-beta, NR2B, and pCREB.	Nicotine	36-44	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-80
33674975-9	2021	Melatonin could ameliorate the deleterious effect of nicotine on the previous parameters either partially or completely, where melatonin restored complete blood count, improved lipid profile, mended lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in the cardiac tissue, rectified caspase-3 expression in the heart and lungs, ameliorated DNA fragmentation percentage in the heart, and protected both heart and lung tissue against the harmful effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	53-61	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	278-287
22403787-5	2012	Moreover, a common HIF target, VEGF mRNA, was also upregulated after chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	77-85	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
33380469-2	2021	alpha3* nAChRs are densely expressed by medial habenula (mHb) neurons, which project almost exclusively to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPn) and are known to regulate nicotine avoidance behaviors.	Nicotine	167-175	uncharacterized protein LOC107802668	Nicotiana tabacum	0-7
33440720-7	2021	Additionally, we analyzed the effects of ACh and NIC on sperm acrosome reaction (AR) and found that both ACh and NIC suppressed the AR rate, which was restored by an AChRe-specific antagonist.	Nicotine	113-116	ferredoxin reductase	Mus musculus	81-83
22483693-5	2012	Mouse iPS cells were treated with nicotine for 24h under feeder-free conditions in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).	Nicotine	34-42	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	99-125
22483693-5	2012	Mouse iPS cells were treated with nicotine for 24h under feeder-free conditions in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).	Nicotine	34-42	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	127-130
22479254-0	2012	CD-1 mice Show Individual Differences in Nicotine Preference in a Modified Two-Bottle Oral Self-Administration Model.	Nicotine	41-49	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	0-4
22479254-11	2012	Together, this study showed a strong and stable nicotine preference in CD-1 mice, which was induced by a short-term high concentration of saccharin in the drinking water.	Nicotine	48-56	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	71-75
22479254-12	2012	Considering the nature and heterogeneity of CD-1 mice, the striking individual differences imply that genetics plays an important role in nicotine preference observed in these animals.	Nicotine	138-146	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	44-48
22198237-12	2012	MG624 decreased nicotine-induced early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) levels in HMEC-Ls, and reduced the levels of Egr-1 on the FGF2 promoter.	Nicotine	16-24	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
33440720-7	2021	Additionally, we analyzed the effects of ACh and NIC on sperm acrosome reaction (AR) and found that both ACh and NIC suppressed the AR rate, which was restored by an AChRe-specific antagonist.	Nicotine	113-116	ferredoxin reductase	Mus musculus	132-134
33456436-7	2021	Results: NIC significantly reduced sperm motility (P = 0.0006) and sperm count (P = 0.0001), induced mild apoptosis of Leydig cells and caused moderate spermatogenic arrest in GN1.	Nicotine	9-12	glycogenin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
22261521-2	2012	This study investigated the effect of nicotine, a major alkaloid in tobacco, on uPAR expression and cell invasiveness in ECV304 endothelial cells.	Nicotine	38-46	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	80-84
22261521-3	2012	Nicotine stimulated uPAR expression in a dose-dependent manner and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 (Erk-1/2), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK).	Nicotine	0-8	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	20-24
22261521-4	2012	Specific inhibitors of MEK-1 (PD98059) and JNK (SP600125) inhibited the nicotine-induced uPAR expression, while the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 did not.	Nicotine	72-80	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	89-93
22261521-5	2012	Expression vectors encoding dominant negative MEK-1 (pMCL-K97M) and JNK (TAM67) also prevented nicotine-induced uPAR promoter activity.	Nicotine	95-103	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	112-116
22261521-7	2012	The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevented nicotine-activated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and uPAR expression.	Nicotine	43-51	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	110-114
22261521-9	2012	Deleted and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated the involvement of the binding sites of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein (AP)-1 in the nicotine-induced uPAR expression.	Nicotine	182-190	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	199-203
33379366-1	2020	(1) Background: Nicotine is implicated in the SARS-COV-2 infection through activation of the alpha7-nAChR and over-expression of ACE2.	Nicotine	16-24	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
22261521-10	2012	Studies with expression vectors encoding mutated NF-kappaB signaling molecules and AP-1 decoy confirmed that NF-kappaB and AP-1 were essential for the nicotine-stimulated uPAR expression.	Nicotine	151-159	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	171-175
22261521-12	2012	In addition, ECV304 endothelial cells treated with nicotine displayed markedly enhanced invasiveness, which was partially abrogated by uPAR neutralizing antibodies.	Nicotine	51-59	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	135-139
22261521-13	2012	The data indicate that nicotine induces uPAR expression via the MAPK/AP-1 and ROS/NF-kappaB signaling pathways and, in turn, stimulates invasiveness in human ECV304 endothelial cells.	Nicotine	23-31	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	40-44
33165201-8	2020	IRF8 was found to mediate the nicotine-induced increases in BDNF and IL-1beta mRNA and P2X4R protein levels in BV2 cells.	Nicotine	30-38	interferon regulatory factor 8	Mus musculus	0-4
33165201-9	2020	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may increase pain hypersensitivity by promoting the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1beta through modulation of IRF8 levels in microglial cells.	Nicotine	12-20	interferon regulatory factor 8	Mus musculus	135-139
22373492-11	2012	Furthermore, nicotine further suppressed leptin gene expression.	Nicotine	13-21	leptin	Homo sapiens	41-47
32516360-0	2020	Acute nicotine treatment alleviates LPS-induced impairment of fear memory reconsolidation through AMPK activation and CRTC1 upregulation in hippocampus.	Nicotine	6-14	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
22373492-14	2012	Nicotine further suppresses leptin expression.	Nicotine	0-8	leptin	Homo sapiens	28-34
22357537-0	2012	MicroRNA-21 blocks abdominal aortic aneurysm development and nicotine-augmented expansion.	Nicotine	61-69	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	0-11
32516360-0	2020	Acute nicotine treatment alleviates LPS-induced impairment of fear memory reconsolidation through AMPK activation and CRTC1 upregulation in hippocampus.	Nicotine	6-14	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
32516360-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results showed that acute nicotine treatment alleviates LPS-induced impairment of fear memory reconsolidation through activation of AMPK and upregulation of CRTC1 in hippocampus.	Nicotine	58-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	164-168
32516360-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results showed that acute nicotine treatment alleviates LPS-induced impairment of fear memory reconsolidation through activation of AMPK and upregulation of CRTC1 in hippocampus.	Nicotine	58-66	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Homo sapiens	189-194
33002592-8	2020	Higher doses of nicotine were associated with higher glucose, HbA1c, leptin, IL-6, MDA and lipids levels, while, insulin, adiponectin, G6PDH, hexokinase and HDL levels were lower.	Nicotine	16-24	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	69-75
22349092-15	2012	In this paper we describe a methodology to quantify changes in nAChR expression in specific CNS neurons after exposure to chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	63-68
33080900-0	2020	In silico Investigation on the Inhibiting Role of Nicotine/Caffeine by Blocking the S Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Versus ACE2 Receptor.	Nicotine	50-58	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	84-85
21740234-0	2012	Chronic nicotine administration impairs activation of cyclic AMP-response element binding protein and survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	8-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-97
21740234-2	2012	Here, we demonstrate that chronic nicotine administration in adult rats inactivates the cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor that regulates neurogenesis and other plasticity-related processes necessary for learning and memory.	Nicotine	34-42	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-131
33080900-0	2020	In silico Investigation on the Inhibiting Role of Nicotine/Caffeine by Blocking the S Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Versus ACE2 Receptor.	Nicotine	50-58	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	115-119
21740234-2	2012	Here, we demonstrate that chronic nicotine administration in adult rats inactivates the cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor that regulates neurogenesis and other plasticity-related processes necessary for learning and memory.	Nicotine	34-42	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
21740234-5	2012	Additionally, we found that retroviral-mediated expression of a constitutively active CREB in the dentate gyrus rescues survival of newborn cells and reverses the nicotine-induced decline in the number of mature granule neurons.	Nicotine	163-171	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
21740234-6	2012	Prolonged nicotine exposure also compromises CREB activation and reduces the viability of progenitor cells in vitro, thereby suggesting that nicotine may exert its adverse effects directly on immature cells in vivo.	Nicotine	10-18	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
21740234-7	2012	Taken together, these data demonstrate that inhibition of CREB activation is responsible for the nicotine-induced impairment of hippocampal plasticity.	Nicotine	97-105	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
21831361-4	2012	c-Fos expression was analyzed in several brain areas related to nicotine dependence by immunofluorescence techniques.	Nicotine	64-72	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	0-5
21831361-8	2012	Nicotine withdrawal increased the percentage of hypocretin cells expressing c-Fos in the perifornical, dorsomedial, and lateral hypothalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	76-81
21494800-0	2012	Nicotine induces pro-inflammatory response in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells through a NFkappaB/osteopontin amplification loop-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	101-112
21494800-8	2012	Nicotine upregulated OPN, IL-6, and MCP-1 expressions, and this effect attenuated after PDTC pretreatment.	Nicotine	0-8	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
21494800-8	2012	Nicotine upregulated OPN, IL-6, and MCP-1 expressions, and this effect attenuated after PDTC pretreatment.	Nicotine	0-8	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
21494800-9	2012	RNAi knocked down the OPN expression in nicotine-treated cells and abolished its pro-inflammatory effects.	Nicotine	40-48	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
21494800-10	2012	We concluded that nicotine induces a pro-inflammatory response in VSMC through a NFkappaB/osteopontin amplification loop-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	18-26	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	90-101
33080900-1	2020	In this paper, we studied the in silico interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) human receptor with two bioactive compounds, i.e., nicotine and caffeine, via molecular dynamic (MD) simulations.	Nicotine	145-153	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	55-86
33080900-1	2020	In this paper, we studied the in silico interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) human receptor with two bioactive compounds, i.e., nicotine and caffeine, via molecular dynamic (MD) simulations.	Nicotine	145-153	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
33080900-2	2020	The simulations reveal the efficient blocking of ACE2 by caffeine and nicotine in the exposure to the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).	Nicotine	70-78	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	49-53
22615944-7	2012	RESULTS: Juvenile (P15) and adolescent (P41) offspring exposed to nicotine throughout prenatal and postnatal development displayed no significant alteration in DG neurogenesis compared to control offspring.	Nicotine	66-74	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
33080900-2	2020	The simulations reveal the efficient blocking of ACE2 by caffeine and nicotine in the exposure to the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).	Nicotine	70-78	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	102-107
33080900-2	2020	The simulations reveal the efficient blocking of ACE2 by caffeine and nicotine in the exposure to the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).	Nicotine	70-78	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	109-110
33080900-3	2020	We have selected the two most important active sites of ACE2-S protein, i.e., 6LZG and 6VW1, which are critically responsible in the interaction of S protein to the receptor and thus, we investigated their interaction with nicotine and caffeine through MD simulations.	Nicotine	223-231	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
33080900-3	2020	We have selected the two most important active sites of ACE2-S protein, i.e., 6LZG and 6VW1, which are critically responsible in the interaction of S protein to the receptor and thus, we investigated their interaction with nicotine and caffeine through MD simulations.	Nicotine	223-231	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	61-62
22291896-0	2012	Effects of a selective cannabinoid CB2 agonist and antagonist on intravenous nicotine self administration and reinstatement of nicotine seeking.	Nicotine	77-85	cannabinoid receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
22291896-0	2012	Effects of a selective cannabinoid CB2 agonist and antagonist on intravenous nicotine self administration and reinstatement of nicotine seeking.	Nicotine	127-135	cannabinoid receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
33080900-5	2020	Our results reveal that caffeine or nicotine in a specific molar ratio to 6LZG shows a very strong interaction and indicate that caffeine is more efficient in the interaction with 6LZG and further blocking of this site against S protein binding.	Nicotine	36-44	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	227-228
22291896-6	2012	Our objective was to explore the role of CB2 receptors on intravenous nicotine self administration under two schedules of reinforcement (fixed and progressive ratio) and on nicotine seeking induced by nicotine priming or by nicotine associated cues.	Nicotine	70-78	cannabinoid receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
22027514-0	2011	Glutamate transporter activation enhances nicotine antinociception and attenuates nicotine analgesic tolerance.	Nicotine	42-50	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
33080900-6	2020	Further, we investigated the interaction of ACE2 receptor- S protein with nicotine or caffeine when mixed with candidate or approved antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2 therapy.	Nicotine	74-82	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
22027514-0	2011	Glutamate transporter activation enhances nicotine antinociception and attenuates nicotine analgesic tolerance.	Nicotine	82-90	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
33080900-6	2020	Further, we investigated the interaction of ACE2 receptor- S protein with nicotine or caffeine when mixed with candidate or approved antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2 therapy.	Nicotine	74-82	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	59-60
32823518-4	2020	Nicotine is the most active, addictive, and studied ingredient in CS.	Nicotine	0-8	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	66-68
22036617-9	2011	Moreover, nicotine-induced analgesia was suppressed by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE; an antagonist for the alpha4beta2 nAChR) or methyllycaconitine (MLA; an antagonist for the alpha7 nAChR).	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	125-130
22036617-9	2011	Moreover, nicotine-induced analgesia was suppressed by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE; an antagonist for the alpha4beta2 nAChR) or methyllycaconitine (MLA; an antagonist for the alpha7 nAChR).	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	182-194
32191315-2	2020	A series of metabolic and transport genes involved in the nicotine pathway are coordinately upregulated by a pair of jasmonate-responsive AP2/ERF-family transcription factors, NtERF189 and NtERF199, in the roots of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco).	Nicotine	58-66	ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3-like	Nicotiana tabacum	138-141
21310553-0	2011	Ghrelin receptor antagonism attenuates nicotine-induced locomotor stimulation, accumbal dopamine release and conditioned place preference in mice.	Nicotine	39-47	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Mus musculus	0-16
21310553-4	2011	METHODS: This was investigated by studying the effects of peripheral administration of a GHS-R1A antagonist (JMV2959) on the nicotine-induced locomotor simulation, accumbal dopamine release and conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	125-133	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Mus musculus	89-96
21310553-5	2011	RESULTS: In the present study we found that the ability of nicotine to increase the locomotor activity, accumbal dopamine release and to condition place preference were reduced in mice treated with a GHS-R1A antagonist.	Nicotine	59-67	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Mus musculus	200-207
21310553-6	2011	CONCLUSION: Thus GHS-R1A appears to be required not only for alcohol, cocaine and amphetamine-induced reward, but also for reward induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	141-149	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Mus musculus	17-24
21784975-0	2011	Cytokine-induced alterations of alpha7 nicotinic receptor in colonic CD4 T cells mediate dichotomous response to nicotine in murine models of Th1/Th17- versus Th2-mediated colitis.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-57
21784975-7	2011	TCR stimulation of naive CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells in the presence of nicotine upregulated expression of Foxp3.	Nicotine	67-75	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	102-107
21784975-10	2011	The dichotomous action of nicotine resulted from the up- and downregulation of anti-inflammatory alpha7 nAChR on colonic CD4 T cells induced by cytokines characteristic of the inflammatory milieu in oxazolone (IL-4) and TNBS (IL-12) colitis, respectively.	Nicotine	26-34	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	210-214
21653710-6	2011	However, in control experiments nicotine also excited the orexigenic arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	85-99
21653710-6	2011	However, in control experiments nicotine also excited the orexigenic arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	101-104
21653710-7	2011	Nicotine exerted similar actions on POMC and NPY cells, with a slightly greater depolarizing action on POMC cells.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	45-48
21653710-11	2011	Nicotine inhibited excitatory synaptic activity recorded in NPY, but not POMC, cells.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	60-63
21477380-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Recent research has implicated that mutations in the neurexin-1 (NRXN1) gene on chromosome 2p16.3 might play a role in schizophrenia, autism, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	158-166	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	65-75
21477380-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Recent research has implicated that mutations in the neurexin-1 (NRXN1) gene on chromosome 2p16.3 might play a role in schizophrenia, autism, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	158-166	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
21239632-4	2011	An analysis of the phenotype of isolated brain microvessels after nicotine exposure indicated higher expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-18), chemokines (CCL2 and CX(3)CL1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectins), and this was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration into brain during ischemia/reperfusion (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	66-74	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	247-253
21232776-0	2011	RNAi-mediated down-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) leads to reduced nicotine and increased anatabine levels in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. In leaf and root tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. (common tobacco), nicotine is by far the predominant pyridine alkaloid, with anatabine representing only a minor component of the total alkaloid fraction.	Nicotine	80-88	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	33-56
21232776-0	2011	RNAi-mediated down-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) leads to reduced nicotine and increased anatabine levels in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. In leaf and root tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. (common tobacco), nicotine is by far the predominant pyridine alkaloid, with anatabine representing only a minor component of the total alkaloid fraction.	Nicotine	80-88	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	58-61
21232776-0	2011	RNAi-mediated down-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) leads to reduced nicotine and increased anatabine levels in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. In leaf and root tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. (common tobacco), nicotine is by far the predominant pyridine alkaloid, with anatabine representing only a minor component of the total alkaloid fraction.	Nicotine	222-230	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	33-56
21232776-0	2011	RNAi-mediated down-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) leads to reduced nicotine and increased anatabine levels in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. In leaf and root tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. (common tobacco), nicotine is by far the predominant pyridine alkaloid, with anatabine representing only a minor component of the total alkaloid fraction.	Nicotine	222-230	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	58-61
21232776-1	2011	The pyrrolidine ring of nicotine is derived from the diamine putrescine, which can be synthesized either directly from ornithine via the action of ODC, or from arginine via a three enzymatic step process, initiated by ADC.	Nicotine	24-32	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	147-150
21232776-4	2011	We observed a marked effect upon the alkaloid profile of transgenic tissues, with ODC transcript down-regulation leading to reduced nicotine and increased anatabine levels in both cultured hairy roots and intact greenhouse-grown plants.	Nicotine	132-140	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	82-85
21232776-6	2011	We conclude that the ODC mediated route to putrescine plays an important role in determining the normal nicotine:anatabine profile in N. tabacum and is essential in allowing N. tabacum to increase nicotine levels in response to wound-associated stress.	Nicotine	104-112	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	21-24
21232776-6	2011	We conclude that the ODC mediated route to putrescine plays an important role in determining the normal nicotine:anatabine profile in N. tabacum and is essential in allowing N. tabacum to increase nicotine levels in response to wound-associated stress.	Nicotine	197-205	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	21-24
21232579-0	2011	Alterations in BDNF and phospho-CREB levels following chronic oral nicotine treatment and its withdrawal in dopaminergic brain areas of mice.	Nicotine	67-75	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	15-19
21232579-5	2011	BDNF levels were not altered by chronic nicotine treatment, but they were significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after 24h and 29 days of nicotine abstinence and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra after 29 days of nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	154-162	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	0-4
21653710-13	2011	Together, these results indicate that nicotine has a number of similar actions, but also a few different actions, on POMC and NPY neurons that could contribute to the weight loss associated with smoking.	Nicotine	38-46	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	126-129
32122618-9	2020	Moreover, platelet derived EVs, expressing platelet activation marker P-selectin and the inflammation marker, CD40 ligand, were also significantly increased following inhalation of e-cigarette vapor with nicotine.	Nicotine	204-212	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	110-114
21665941-4	2011	An important question is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes through which nicotine exerts this beneficial effect, because such knowledge would allow for the development of drugs that target the relevant receptor population(s).	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	29-61
21665941-4	2011	An important question is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes through which nicotine exerts this beneficial effect, because such knowledge would allow for the development of drugs that target the relevant receptor population(s).	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	63-68
21640128-5	2011	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine decreased responding for nicotine, but not food rewards, verifying that nAChRs regulate nicotine self-administration in mice.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-36
21640128-5	2011	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine decreased responding for nicotine, but not food rewards, verifying that nAChRs regulate nicotine self-administration in mice.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-43
21640128-5	2011	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine decreased responding for nicotine, but not food rewards, verifying that nAChRs regulate nicotine self-administration in mice.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-36
21640128-5	2011	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine decreased responding for nicotine, but not food rewards, verifying that nAChRs regulate nicotine self-administration in mice.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-43
21723775-5	2011	RT-PCR analysis showed that all the markers studied were overexpressed in keratinocytes from smoker donors compared to control keratinocytes, while a single dose of nicotine was able to induce only Filaggrin expression in keratinocytes from non-smoking donors.	Nicotine	165-173	filaggrin	Homo sapiens	198-207
21232579-5	2011	BDNF levels were not altered by chronic nicotine treatment, but they were significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after 24h and 29 days of nicotine abstinence and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra after 29 days of nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	154-162	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	0-4
21232579-6	2011	These findings suggest that nicotine abstinence promotes long-lasting neuroadaptations in dopaminergic neurocircuits by inducing BDNF production.	Nicotine	28-36	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	129-133
21232579-10	2011	In conclusion, the current results suggest the involvement of BDNF- and CREB-related neuronal processes in nicotine-induced neurochemical, behavioural, and neuroplastic changes in dopaminergic neurocircuits.	Nicotine	107-115	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	62-66
20974182-0	2011	Role of mouse cerebellar nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha(4)beta(2)- and alpha(7) subtypes in the behavioral cross-tolerance between nicotine and ethanol-induced ataxia.	Nicotine	147-155	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	25-57
20974182-0	2011	Role of mouse cerebellar nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha(4)beta(2)- and alpha(7) subtypes in the behavioral cross-tolerance between nicotine and ethanol-induced ataxia.	Nicotine	147-155	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	59-64
20974182-1	2011	We have demonstrated that nicotine attenuated ethanol-induced ataxia via nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor (nAChR) subtypes alpha(4)beta(2) and alpha(7).	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	107-112
20974182-15	2011	Our results support a role for alpha(4)beta(2) and alpha(7) nAChR subtypes in the development of cross-tolerance between nicotine and ethanol with the NO signaling pathway as a potential mechanism.	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	51-65
21239887-6	2011	Consistent with this result, here we show that a more efficacious nAChR agonist, nicotine, also decreased voluntary ethanol intake, and that alpha4* nAChRs are critical for this reduction.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	66-71
21167848-6	2011	The high-affinity nAChR antagonist Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide (DhbetaE) blocked the effects of nicotine on MK-801-induced deficits while the alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine citrate salt hydrate (MLA) did not.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	18-23
32398966-6	2020	Our results clarified that nicotine stimulation caused cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and autophagy flux impairment significantly in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), which were evidenced by augments of LC3-II and p62 levels, and impaired autophagosomes clearance.	Nicotine	27-35	KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	219-222
21092740-8	2011	Estrogen receptor blockade by tamoxifen abrogated the enhanced nicotine-evoked vasodilation elicited by E(2) in OVX rats.	Nicotine	63-71	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
22276424-4	2011	Pre-incubation of the isolated mitochondria with nicotine prevented from dissipation of their membrane potential stimulated with 0.8 microM CaCl2 depending on the dose, and this effect was strengthened by the antagonist of alpha7 nicotinic receptors (alpha7 nAChR) methyllicaconitine.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	223-263
22276424-7	2011	It is concluded that nicotine consumption worsens the functional state of mitochondria by affecting their membrane potential and granularity, and this effect, at least in part, is mediated by alpha7 nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	192-204
21596105-11	2011	The effects of nicotine persisted in P63 young adult brains which exhibited significantly downregulated GluR2, NR1, and NR2c expression levels in hippocampal homogenates and a considerably muted overall distribution of [3H]AMPA binding in areas CA1, CA2 and CA3, and the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	15-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-248
20865738-8	2011	However, concurrent, acute treatment of rats with nicotine significantly attenuated SD-induced impairment of learning and STM and prevented SD-induced impairment of LTP in the CA1 and DG regions.	Nicotine	50-58	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
32373212-7	2020	The effects of nicotine on the expression of EndMT-related markers, ERK1/2 and Snail were quantified by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescent staining.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	68-74
21899407-7	2011	Brain AChE activities after ethanol + nicotine treatments showed significantly less inhibition following repeated 5 mg CPF/kg dosing compared to CPF only (96 +- 13 and 66 +- 7% of naive at 4 h post last CPF dosing, respectively).	Nicotine	38-46	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
21546167-5	2011	In addition, nicotine or its metabolites can result in decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins 1 and 6, and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	67-148
21228559-2	2011	Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have consistently linked several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 cluster on chromosome 15.q25 to smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	200-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-145
32373212-12	2020	Further experiments revealed that ERK1/2 signaling was activated by nicotine, which led to the upregulation of Snail.	Nicotine	68-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	34-40
32373212-13	2020	Blocking ERK1/2 with inhibitor or silencing Snail by small interfering RNA efficiently preserved endothelial phenotype upon nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	124-132	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	9-15
20824368-0	2010	Involvement of osteopontin in the matrix-degrading and proangiogenic changes mediated by nicotine in pancreatic cancer cells.	Nicotine	89-97	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	15-26
20824368-3	2010	Previously, we showed that nicotine promotes the expression of osteopontin c (OPNc), an isoform of OPN protein that confers on cancer cells a migratory phenotype.	Nicotine	27-35	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	63-74
20824368-3	2010	Previously, we showed that nicotine promotes the expression of osteopontin c (OPNc), an isoform of OPN protein that confers on cancer cells a migratory phenotype.	Nicotine	27-35	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
20824368-4	2010	In this study, we explored the potential prometastatic role of nicotine in PDA through studying its effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and evaluated the role of OPN in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	63-71	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	235-238
20824368-9	2010	Blocking OPN with siRNA or OPN antibody prevented the nicotine-mediated increase of both MMP-9 and VEGF.	Nicotine	54-62	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
20824368-9	2010	Blocking OPN with siRNA or OPN antibody prevented the nicotine-mediated increase of both MMP-9 and VEGF.	Nicotine	54-62	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
20824368-14	2010	The presence of OPN as a downstream effector of nicotine that is capable of mediating its prometastatic effects in PDA cells is novel and could provide a unique therapeutic target to control pancreatic cancer aggressiveness, especially in the cigarette-smoking population.	Nicotine	48-56	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	16-19
20580908-3	2010	Recently, it is demonstrated that mecamylamine, a nAChR antagonist blocks cocaine-, d-amphetamine-, ephedrine-, nicotine-, and methylphenidate-induced psychomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	50-55
20808433-1	2010	Multiple genome-wide and targeted association studies reveal a significant association of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-126
21677839-10	2011	CONCLUSION: Periostin is a nicotine target gene in gastric cancer and plays a role in gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, drug resistance, and EMT facilitated by nicotine.	Nicotine	27-35	periostin	Homo sapiens	12-21
21677839-10	2011	CONCLUSION: Periostin is a nicotine target gene in gastric cancer and plays a role in gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, drug resistance, and EMT facilitated by nicotine.	Nicotine	164-172	periostin	Homo sapiens	12-21
21576462-6	2011	Among G allele carriers, the extent of subjective reward difference (denicotinized versus nicotine cigarette) was associated significantly with MOR BP(ND) difference in right amygdala, caudate, anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus.	Nicotine	90-98	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
21334425-7	2011	These results showed for the first time that nicotine with oral contraceptives did indeed exacerbate post-ischemic CA1 damage as compared to nicotine alone in naive female rats.	Nicotine	45-53	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
32146343-0	2020	Nicotine inhibits expression of Prrx1 in pituitary stem/progenitor cells through epigenetic regulation, leading to a delayed supply of growth-hormone-producing cells.	Nicotine	0-8	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	135-149
21159320-0	2011	Nicotine modulates expression of dynamin 1 in rat brain and SH-SY5Y cells.	Nicotine	0-8	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
31721620-7	2020	Subsequent western blotting results showed that nicotine induced increase in the levels of LC3B-II and Beclin1, and decreased SQSTM1/p62 in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	48-56	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-110
21159320-3	2011	With quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we found that dynamin 1 mRNA was significantly downregulated, by 30%, 31%, and 38%, in the striatum, hippocampus, and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), respectively, of nicotine-treated rats (P&lt;0.01 for all three regions).	Nicotine	204-212	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
20702707-8	2010	The effects of nicotine and epibatidine were independent on nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) activation because they persisted in the presence of nAChR antagonists.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	144-149
20700436-1	2010	Recently, genetic association findings for nicotine dependence, smoking behavior, and smoking-related diseases converged to implicate the chromosome 15q25.1 region, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit genes.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-204
31721620-7	2020	Subsequent western blotting results showed that nicotine induced increase in the levels of LC3B-II and Beclin1, and decreased SQSTM1/p62 in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	48-56	KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
32029269-0	2020	Synergistic improvement effect of nicotine-ghrelin co-injection into the anterior ventral tegmental area on morphine-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	34-42	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
20119861-9	2010	At T3 but not T1 or T2, women scoring above 20 on the K10 (a standardized cutoff for the presence of axis I psychiatric disorders) had higher uterine artery PI than those scoring below 20.This was significant after adjusting for alcohol and nicotine use, as well as when nicotine dependence was considered.	Nicotine	271-279	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	54-57
20827341-6	2010	Nicotine as a ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in adrenal medulla stimulates catecholamine secretion and activates TH and DBH gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
20827341-7	2010	Nicotine treatment increased mRNA levels of TH and DBH by 3.3- and 3.1-fold in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
20827341-8	2010	The ginseng total saponin exhibited a significant reversal in the nicotine-induced increase of TH and DBH mRNA expression, decreasing the mRNA levels of TH and DBH by 57.2% and 48.9%, respectively in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	66-74	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
21116174-0	2011	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors partially generalize to nicotine discriminative stimulus effect in rats.	Nicotine	56-64	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
21081469-4	2011	We found that miR-16 and miR-21 were upregulated upon nicotine stimulation, transfection with anti-miR-16 or anti-miR-21 significantly abrogated cell proliferation.	Nicotine	54-62	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	25-31
21081469-4	2011	We found that miR-16 and miR-21 were upregulated upon nicotine stimulation, transfection with anti-miR-16 or anti-miR-21 significantly abrogated cell proliferation.	Nicotine	54-62	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	114-120
21081469-5	2011	In contrast, ectopic miR-16 or miR-21 expression exhibited a similar stimulatory effect on cell proliferation as nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	31-37
21081469-7	2011	Knockdown of NF-kappaB by short interfering RNA (siRNA) or specific inhibitor (Bay-11-7085) markedly suppressed nicotine-induced cell proliferation and upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	112-120	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	179-185
21081469-8	2011	Interestingly, NF-kappaB-binding sites were located in both miR-16 and miR-21 gene transcriptional elements and we showed that nicotine enhanced the binding of NF-kappaB to the promoters of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	127-135	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	71-77
21081469-8	2011	Interestingly, NF-kappaB-binding sites were located in both miR-16 and miR-21 gene transcriptional elements and we showed that nicotine enhanced the binding of NF-kappaB to the promoters of miR-16 and miR-21.	Nicotine	127-135	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	201-207
21336733-1	2011	This study examined the effect of nicotine on the expression of mutant p53 (mt-p53) in bladder cancer rats.	Nicotine	34-42	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
21336733-1	2011	This study examined the effect of nicotine on the expression of mutant p53 (mt-p53) in bladder cancer rats.	Nicotine	34-42	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
21336733-8	2011	The positive rate of mt-p53 expression in the 3 nicotine groups (25, 15, 5 mg/kg) was 75.00%, 58.33% and 41.67% by the 14th week, respectively, significantly higher than that in the MNU group (33.33%) (all P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	48-56	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
21336733-10	2011	It is concluded that nicotine may play an important role in the development of bladder cancer partially by increasing the expression of mt-p53.	Nicotine	21-29	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
21048701-3	2011	Recent human genetic association studies have implicated the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 encoding the alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits of the nAChR in susceptibility to develop nicotine and alcohol dependence; however, their role in ethanol-mediated behaviors is unknown due to the lack of suitable and selective research tools.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-94
20827341-8	2010	The ginseng total saponin exhibited a significant reversal in the nicotine-induced increase of TH and DBH mRNA expression, decreasing the mRNA levels of TH and DBH by 57.2% and 48.9%, respectively in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	66-74	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
20400469-3	2010	Thus, additional studies are imperative to elucidate the role and function of the alpha5 nAChR subunit in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	89-94
20400469-6	2010	Results show that alpha5(-/-) mice are less sensitive to the initial effects of nicotine in antinociception, locomotor activity, and hypothermia measures and that the alpha5 nAChR is involved in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	174-179
20400469-6	2010	Results show that alpha5(-/-) mice are less sensitive to the initial effects of nicotine in antinociception, locomotor activity, and hypothermia measures and that the alpha5 nAChR is involved in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	174-179
20223588-10	2010	Perineural injection of nicotine (20nmol), a macrophage suppressor, prevented PSL-induced neuropathic pain and suppressed MIP-1alpha and IL-1beta expressions.	Nicotine	24-32	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3	Mus musculus	122-132
20645788-11	2010	Glutathione reductase activity was higher in the nicotine group compared with the control group.	Nicotine	49-57	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
21056666-3	2011	Here we show, by whole cell patch-clamp recordings from cultured SCG neurons, that both nicotine and acetylcholine-evoked currents through alpha3beta2/beta4-nAChRs are significantly reduced in mdx mice compared to the wild-type, while those through alpha7-nAChR are unaffected.	Nicotine	88-96	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	151-156
19828259-0	2010	Orexin and leptin are associated with nicotine craving: a link between smoking, appetite and reward.	Nicotine	38-46	leptin	Homo sapiens	11-17
32207098-0	2020	Correction to: Nicotine Suppresses the Invasiveness of Human Trophoblasts by Downregulation of CXCL12 Expression through the Alpha-7 Subunit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.	Nicotine	15-23	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	95-101
19828259-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an association between craving for nicotine and plasma concentrations of orexin and leptin suggesting that both peptides interfere with the dopaminergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal in a bidirectional manner and, thus, modulate craving for nicotine.	Nicotine	65-73	leptin	Homo sapiens	114-120
19828259-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an association between craving for nicotine and plasma concentrations of orexin and leptin suggesting that both peptides interfere with the dopaminergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal in a bidirectional manner and, thus, modulate craving for nicotine.	Nicotine	203-211	leptin	Homo sapiens	114-120
19828259-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an association between craving for nicotine and plasma concentrations of orexin and leptin suggesting that both peptides interfere with the dopaminergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal in a bidirectional manner and, thus, modulate craving for nicotine.	Nicotine	203-211	leptin	Homo sapiens	114-120
21127031-0	2011	A role for the DRD4 exon III VNTR in modifying the association between nicotine dependence and neuroticism.	Nicotine	71-79	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	15-19
20849905-8	2011	These are heretofore-unrecognized sources of error in use of the HHE to estimate relative amount of nicotine that is not protonated results in inaccurate FBN-values.	Nicotine	100-108	fibrillin 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
31647945-9	2020	However, nicotine dependence was associated with smoking mental simulation-related PCC-lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity strength, suggesting that the development of nicotine dependence may depend on the strength of coupling between the default mode network and the central executive network at the cognitive level.	Nicotine	9-17	crystallin gamma D	Homo sapiens	83-86
20974225-4	2011	In the hippocampal slices from the 6 months old Wt mice, the application of both nicotine (5muM) and SSR180711 (300nM) resulted in a significant enhancement of LTP expressed in area CA1.	Nicotine	81-89	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	182-185
22085699-11	2011	We further demonstrated that through Src, the ligation of nicotine with nAChR stimulated the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway for the activation of E2F1 and further cell progression.	Nicotine	58-66	epidermal growth factor receptor L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	93-97
20413096-6	2010	These data identify a mechanism for the negative regulation of host-innate AMP response to infection through cholinergic activation and indicate nAChR-mediated cathelicidin dysregulation as a potential mechanism for increased susceptibility to infection following prolonged stress or nicotine use.	Nicotine	284-292	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	145-150
19859904-0	2010	Association and interaction analysis of variants in CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in African and European Americans.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-72
19859904-1	2010	Several previous genome-wide and targeted association studies revealed that variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5/A3/B4) gene cluster on chromosome 15 that encode the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in European Americans (EAs) or others of European origin.	Nicotine	279-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-112
31647945-9	2020	However, nicotine dependence was associated with smoking mental simulation-related PCC-lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity strength, suggesting that the development of nicotine dependence may depend on the strength of coupling between the default mode network and the central executive network at the cognitive level.	Nicotine	182-190	crystallin gamma D	Homo sapiens	83-86
32210724-7	2020	The levels of autophagy-related proteins including LC3 II, P62, Beclin1, and Atg5 were upregulated in the reperfused hearts isolated from nicotine-treated group.	Nicotine	138-146	KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-62
20097188-8	2010	The extent of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was reduced due to nicotine co-exposure consistent with an increase in CYP450-mediated dearylation (detoxification) versus desulfuration.	Nicotine	78-86	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	20-40
20097188-8	2010	The extent of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was reduced due to nicotine co-exposure consistent with an increase in CYP450-mediated dearylation (detoxification) versus desulfuration.	Nicotine	78-86	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
20097188-13	2010	The current study demonstrated that repeated nicotine exposure could alter CPF metabolism in vivo, resulting in altered brain AChE inhibition.	Nicotine	45-53	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
20056136-4	2010	We found that s.c. nicotine infusion (1.2 mg free base/kg/d delivered by mini-pumps for 7 days) induced in vivo an increase in tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA)-but not TrkB, TrkC or low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75)-expression in BF cholinergic neurons targeting the cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	19-27	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
20084518-0	2010	Significant association of glutamate receptor, ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers.	Nicotine	97-105	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	27-81
20084518-0	2010	Significant association of glutamate receptor, ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers.	Nicotine	97-105	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	83-89
20932827-3	2011	Here we show that nicotine exposure attenuates EAE severity and that this effect is largely abolished in nAChR alpha7 subunit knock-out mice.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	105-110
20932827-5	2011	Diverse effects of nicotine on effector and regulatory T cells, as well as antigen-presenting cells, may be linked to differential expression patterns of nAChR subunits across these cell types.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	154-159
20932827-6	2011	Taken together, our data show that although alpha7-nAChRs indeed seem to play an important role in nicotine-conferred reduction of the CNS inflammatory response and protection against EAE, other nAChR subtypes also are involved in the anti-inflammatory properties of the cholinergic system.	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	51-56
21691039-1	2011	We have reported that nicotine and the specific alpha7AChR agonist ameliorate indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions in mice by activating alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7nAChR).	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	140-180
21691039-1	2011	We have reported that nicotine and the specific alpha7AChR agonist ameliorate indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions in mice by activating alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7nAChR).	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	182-193
20951159-8	2011	These results indicate that circulating leptin is a promising biological marker of craving for smoking and warrant further investigation of the links between appetite regulation and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	182-190	leptin	Homo sapiens	40-46
22046326-8	2011	Overall, our results suggest that genetic variants potentially involved in nicotine metabolization (mainly, CYP2A6 polymorphisms) are those showing the strongest association with smoking-related phenotypes, as opposed to genetic variants influencing the brain effects of nicotine, e.g., through nicotinic acetylcholine (CHRNA5), serotoninergic (HTR2A), opioid (OPRM1) or cannabinoid receptors (CNR1).	Nicotine	75-83	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	361-366
21966399-10	2011	Furthermore, alpha7 nAChR is the major calcium channel for nicotine- and E. coli K1-increased intracellular calcium concentrations of mouse BMEC.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	20-25
21858078-1	2011	CYP82E4, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, has nicotine N-demethylase (NND) activity, which mediates the bioconversion of nicotine into nornicotine in senescing tobacco leaves.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-7
20696214-2	2010	CHRNB4, which encodes the nAChR beta4 subunit, plays a major role in the molecular mechanisms that govern nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
20084518-2	2010	In this study, we analyzed 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GRIN3A for association with nicotine dependence (ND), which was assessed by smoking quantity, heaviness of smoking index, and the Fagerstrom test for ND.	Nicotine	104-112	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	76-82
32210724-7	2020	The levels of autophagy-related proteins including LC3 II, P62, Beclin1, and Atg5 were upregulated in the reperfused hearts isolated from nicotine-treated group.	Nicotine	138-146	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-71
20047710-2	2010	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in nicotine-induced phosphorylation of CREB (cyclic AMP response element-binding protein) in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	59-67	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
20047710-2	2010	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in nicotine-induced phosphorylation of CREB (cyclic AMP response element-binding protein) in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	59-67	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-144
32210724-8	2020	In addition, nicotine enhanced cardiac and plasma ROS production, and increased the phosphorylation of GSK3beta (ser9) in the left ventricle tissues.	Nicotine	13-21	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	103-111
32210724-9	2020	Treatment with 3-MA abolished nicotine-mediated increase in the levels of autophagy-related proteins and phosphorylation of GSK3beta, but had no effect on ROS production.	Nicotine	30-38	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	124-132
20811389-8	2010	This study for the first time suggests NPY2R genotype as a possible genetic factor in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	86-94	neuropeptide Y receptor Y2	Homo sapiens	39-44
31953160-0	2020	Nicotine promotes activation of human pancreatic stellate cells through inducing autophagy via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
20736992-9	2010	Taken together, these studies identify a novel consequence of developmental nicotine exposure in the mouse, define the nAChR subtypes and neural circuit involved in this behavioral change and delimit the neurodevelopmental period critical for vulnerability to a behavioral alteration that persists into adulthood.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	119-124
20020508-9	2010	Interestingly, nicotine treatment regulated gene expressions of CD44 and CLPTM1, two candidate genes for CLP.	Nicotine	15-23	CLPTM1 regulator of GABA type A receptor forward trafficking	Homo sapiens	73-79
31953160-10	2020	Moreover, the alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated by nicotine, this pathway and effects of nicotine can be blocked by alpha-BTX.	Nicotine	81-89	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
20131324-3	2010	The purpose of this study was to determine if nicotine exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy alters the expression of SP-A and SP-D of fetal lung epithelia.	Nicotine	46-54	carbohydrate recognition domain	Ovis aries	138-142
31953160-10	2020	Moreover, the alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated by nicotine, this pathway and effects of nicotine can be blocked by alpha-BTX.	Nicotine	119-127	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
31953160-11	2020	SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding suggests that nicotine can promote activation of human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) through inducing autophagy via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, providing a new insight into the mechanisms by which nicotine affects pancreatic fibrosis.	Nicotine	40-48	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
20035769-10	2010	Moreover, intra-CA1 microinjection of MK-801 reversed the NMDA-induced potentiation of the nicotine response.	Nicotine	91-99	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	16-19
20035769-11	2010	SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest the importance of NMDA glutamate system(s) in the CA1 regions of dorsal hippocampus for improving the effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	146-154	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	84-87
20561218-7	2010	RESULTS: Murine periodontal ligament cells expressed several subunits of nAChR, which have functional calcium signals in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	73-78
20595621-4	2010	Nicotine"s effect on hyperexcitability of inflamed neurons was blocked in the presence of an alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, methyllicaconitine, while choline, the alpha(7)-nAChR agonist, induced a similar effect to that of nicotine.	Nicotine	254-262	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	136-141
31841390-0	2020	COX-2 derived prostaglandins as mediators of the deleterious effects of nicotine in chronic kidney disease.	Nicotine	72-80	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
20162629-1	2010	NRXN1 is highly expressed in brain and has been shown recently to be associated with ASD, schizophrenia, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, and alcohol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	161-169	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20381593-6	2010	Furthermore, microinjection of nicotine (0.5-1 microg/rat) into both CA1 regions (intra-CA1) and the BLA (intra-BLA) did not produce a significant CPP.	Nicotine	31-39	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
20465638-0	2010	Nicotine induces the expression of early growth response-1 in human skin dermal fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	35-58
20465638-5	2010	The expression of Egr-1 protein and mRNA after nicotine treatment was evaluated by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.	Nicotine	47-55	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
20465638-6	2010	We also measured the promoter activity of Egr-1 in HSDF after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	62-70	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
20465638-7	2010	RESULTS: Early growth response-1 protein and mRNA levels were increased in dermal fibroblasts exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	105-113	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	9-32
20465638-8	2010	Nicotine treatment stimulated the promoter activity of Egr-1 in cultured human fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
20465638-9	2010	CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrate that Egr-1 expression is markedly induced in HSDF after exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	110-118	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
20381593-7	2010	Interestingly, intra-CA1 or -BLA administration of nicotine plus ethanol (0.5 g/kg) during conditioning phase significantly induced a strong CPP.	Nicotine	51-59	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
31841390-2	2020	In previous studies, we showed that nicotine induces COX-2 expression in vivo and in vitro and that the administration of nicotine in vivo worsens the severity of renal injury in a model of sub-total renal ablation.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
20381593-9	2010	However, intra-CA1 or -BLA microinjection of mecamylamine (1-4 microg/rat) reversed the response induced by the microinjection of nicotine (1 microg/rat, intra-CA1 or -BLA) plus ethanol (0.5 g/kg i.p.)	Nicotine	130-138	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
31841390-9	2020	Treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 resulted in complete inhibition of all prostaglandins studied and ameliorated renal injury and proteinuria in 5/6Nx rats on nicotine but not in 5/6 Nx rats on tap water.	Nicotine	166-174	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
20381593-12	2010	Moreover, intra-CA1 administration of nicotine plus ethanol increased the locomotor activity on the test day which was reversed by pretreatment with mecamylamine, while other treatments had no effect on locomotor activity.	Nicotine	38-46	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
20061081-11	2010	Thus, we conclude that the promotion effect of nicotine on cancer cell progression and EMT is mediated by Erk/5-LOX signaling pathway.	Nicotine	47-55	mitogen-activated protein kinase 7	Homo sapiens	106-111
19786624-0	2010	Nicotine metabolism in African Americans and European Americans: variation in glucuronidation by ethnicity and UGT2B10 haplotype.	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	111-118
19786624-5	2010	In a second study of smokers (n = 84), the relationship of a UGT2B10 haplotype linked with D67Y to nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation levels was determined.	Nicotine	99-107	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	61-68
31841390-10	2020	Nicotine also reduced the expression of megalin in all groups examined which was partially prevented by COX-2 inhibition.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
19786624-8	2010	In smokers with a UGT2B10 Tyr67 allele, glucuronide conjugation of nicotine and cotinine was decreased by 20% compared with smokers without this allele.	Nicotine	67-75	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	18-25
31605679-12	2020	The immunohistochemical evaluation showed that nicotine increased the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor levels and decreased the bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels, especially in the groups sacrificed on day 21.	Nicotine	47-55	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	166-194
20383341-0	2010	Upregulation of Fas and FasL expression in nicotine-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells.	Nicotine	43-51	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	24-28
20383341-4	2010	Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide double staining demonstrated that nicotine (0.2 microM, 0.5 microM and 1 microM) could induce apoptosis of HUVECs; reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that levels of Fas and FasL expression were increased in nicotine-treated HUVECs.	Nicotine	92-100	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	0-9
21186557-4	2010	In the clinical picture of acute toxication by cholinesterase inhibitors there is a clear difference between muscarinic and nicotine effects.	Nicotine	124-132	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	47-61
20410106-0	2010	Decaffeinated coffee and nicotine-free tobacco provide neuroprotection in Drosophila models of Parkinson"s disease through an NRF2-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	25-33	Keap1	Drosophila melanogaster	126-130
20383341-4	2010	Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide double staining demonstrated that nicotine (0.2 microM, 0.5 microM and 1 microM) could induce apoptosis of HUVECs; reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that levels of Fas and FasL expression were increased in nicotine-treated HUVECs.	Nicotine	92-100	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	270-274
31727678-1	2020	APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) gene clusters regulate the biosynthesis of diverse specialized metabolites, including steroidal glycoalkaloids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (S. tuberosum), nicotine in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and pharmaceutically valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus).	Nicotine	215-223	ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3-like	Nicotiana tabacum	35-38
19626424-6	2010	Furthermore, we examined the ability of the cells to release cytokine when stimulated with both nicotine and LPS and showed that the stimulation with LPS augmented the secretion of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.	Nicotine	96-104	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	181-186
19818419-2	2009	Since prenatal nicotine (PN) exposure alters neonatal respiratory control (Fregosi and Pilarski, 2008), we hypothesized that PN would influence LTF of ventilation (V (E)) in neonatal rats.	Nicotine	15-23	lactotransferrin	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
19959688-7	2009	Evaluation of 18 OPRM1 SNPs via the family-based association test with the nicotine withdrawal sensitivity score identified eight tagging SNPs with global P values &lt;0.05 and false discovery rate Q values &lt;0.06.	Nicotine	75-83	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
19959688-8	2009	CONCLUSION: An increased risk of relapse, suggestive linkage at chr6q26, and nominally significant association with multiple OPRM1 SNPs were found with Rasch-modeled nicotine withdrawal sensitivity scores in a multiplex smoking pedigree sample.	Nicotine	166-174	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
19959688-9	2009	Future studies should attempt to replicate these findings and investigate the relationship between nicotine withdrawal symptoms and variation at OPRM1.	Nicotine	99-107	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
20410106-4	2010	Finally, we report that the neuroprotective effects of decaffeinated coffee and nicotine-free tobacco require the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and that a known Nrf2 activator in coffee, cafestol, is also able to confer neuroprotection in our fly models of PD.	Nicotine	80-88	Keap1	Drosophila melanogaster	150-154
20410106-4	2010	Finally, we report that the neuroprotective effects of decaffeinated coffee and nicotine-free tobacco require the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and that a known Nrf2 activator in coffee, cafestol, is also able to confer neuroprotection in our fly models of PD.	Nicotine	80-88	Keap1	Drosophila melanogaster	172-176
20960268-9	2010	Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure also altered key components of the adult pancreatic IGF axis, an effect that was not prevented by rosiglitazone treatment.	Nicotine	19-27	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
20470258-0	2010	Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells.	Nicotine	26-34	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-16
20470258-2	2010	This study aimed to identify the effects of HO-1 on the proinflammatory mediators activated by nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.	Nicotine	95-103	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
20470258-5	2010	RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide and nicotine synergistically induced the production of NO and PGE(2) and increased the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1.	Nicotine	32-40	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
20470258-6	2010	Treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNAs blocked the LPS- and nicotine-stimulated NO and PGE(2) release as well as the expression of iNOS and COX-2.	Nicotine	86-94	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
20470258-6	2010	Treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNAs blocked the LPS- and nicotine-stimulated NO and PGE(2) release as well as the expression of iNOS and COX-2.	Nicotine	86-94	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
20470258-7	2010	CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the nicotine- and LPS-induced inflammatory effects on PDL cells may act through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1.	Nicotine	38-46	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
19903766-0	2009	Nicotine enhances the antiapoptotic function of Mcl-1 through phosphorylation.	Nicotine	0-8	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	48-53
19903766-5	2009	Here, we found that nicotine induces Mcl-1 phosphorylation through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in association with increased chemoresistance of human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	20-28	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	37-42
19903766-6	2009	Since nicotine stimulates Mcl-1 phosphorylation and survival in cells expressing wild-type but has no such effects in cells expressing T163A Mcl-1 mutant, this indicates that nicotine induces Mcl-1 phosphorylation exclusively at the T163 site and that phosphorylation of Mcl-1 at T163 is required for nicotine-induced survival.	Nicotine	6-14	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	26-31
19777560-1	2010	Prior work using lymphoblast DNA prepared from 192 subjects from the Iowa Adoption Studies (IAS) demonstrated that decreased MAOA promoter methylation was associated with lifetime symptom count for nicotine dependence (ND) and provided suggestive evidence that the amount of methylation is genotype dependent.	Nicotine	198-206	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	125-129
31727678-8	2020	Moreover, overexpression of ORCA5 in tobacco and of NIC2 ERF189 in C. roseus hairy roots activates nicotine and TIA pathway genes, respectively, suggesting that the AP2/ERFs are functionally equivalent and are likely to be interchangeable.	Nicotine	99-107	ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3-like	Nicotiana tabacum	165-168
19903766-7	2009	Mechanistically, nicotine-induced Mcl-1 phosphorylation significantly enhances the half-life of Mcl-1, which renders Mcl-1 a long-term survival activity.	Nicotine	17-25	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	34-39
19903766-7	2009	Mechanistically, nicotine-induced Mcl-1 phosphorylation significantly enhances the half-life of Mcl-1, which renders Mcl-1 a long-term survival activity.	Nicotine	17-25	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	96-101
32038246-9	2019	Furthermore, the expression of microglia marker Iba1, the CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and downstream molecules PKA and p-ErK were significantly increased in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	149-157	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	58-64
19711055-0	2009	Nicotine-conditioned place preference induced CREB phosphorylation and Fos expression in the adult rat brain.	Nicotine	0-8	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
19711055-9	2009	CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the phosphorylation of CREB and expression of Fos protein, as indicators of neural activity, accompany the acquisition and maintenance of nicotine-induced CPP but not CPA in mesolimbic areas (NAc, VTA, PFC, and DStr) as well as in memory consolidation structures (hippocampus and amygdala) and nicotinic receptor are involved in this process.	Nicotine	176-184	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
20203212-9	2010	Conversely, in mice lacking the alpha7 nAChR, the decay rate, but not the amplitude, of nicotine-evoked cholinergic and glutamatergic transients was attenuated.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-44
19778953-12	2010	In conclusion, the current study shows for the first time that chronic exposure to nicotine impairs cholinergic angiogenesis, an effect mediated by downregulation of the vascular nAChR, and attenuation of nicotine-induced VEGF release.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	179-184
32757664-0	2020	Amelioration of Nicotine-Induced Osteoarthritis by Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Through Modulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 Signaling Axis.	Nicotine	16-24	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	100-105
19940180-5	2009	Misexpressing PSCA before cell death in the ciliary ganglion blocks alpha7-nAChR activation by nicotine and rescues the choroid subpopulation from dying.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	68-80
19858493-5	2009	We used this method to molecularly characterize bdav/cct8 and hbog/gabbr1.2 as mutations with altered nicotine response.	Nicotine	102-110	gaba-B receptor 1.2	Danio rerio	67-75
19741199-5	2009	Treatment of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) with the cholinergic agonists nicotine and GTS-21 significantly reduced IL-6-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and ICAM-1 expression which are regulated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Nicotine	149-157	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	205-239
19741199-5	2009	Treatment of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) with the cholinergic agonists nicotine and GTS-21 significantly reduced IL-6-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and ICAM-1 expression which are regulated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Nicotine	149-157	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	241-246
19749751-6	2009	In the presence of the general nAChR blocker hexamethonium, nociceptive neurons showed nicotine-induced responses that were strongly reduced in TRPA1-deficient mice.	Nicotine	87-95	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	31-36
19482438-0	2009	Association of genes coding for the alpha-4, alpha-5, beta-2 and beta-3 subunits of nicotinic receptors with cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	65-71
19690163-7	2009	Pre-exposure of uPA to the fibroblasts inhibited [(3)H]nicotine binding.	Nicotine	55-63	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Mus musculus	16-19
19628476-1	2009	A cluster of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes on chromosome 15 (CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4) has been shown to be associated with nicotine dependence and smoking quantity.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-96
19628476-8	2009	Variation at CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 cluster influences nicotine level, measured as cotinine, more strongly than smoking quantity, measured by CPD, and appears thus to be involved in regulation of nicotine levels among smokers.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-33
19628476-8	2009	Variation at CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 cluster influences nicotine level, measured as cotinine, more strongly than smoking quantity, measured by CPD, and appears thus to be involved in regulation of nicotine levels among smokers.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-33
19646418-0	2009	Nicotine can skew the characterization of the macrophage type-1 (MPhi1) phenotype differentiated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to the MPhi2 phenotype.	Nicotine	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	102-150
19646418-4	2009	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-driven MPhi1 with nicotine (Ni-MPhi1) showed the phenotypic characteristics of MPhi2.	Nicotine	67-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-48
19421772-3	2009	For example, the TRPC channels TRP-1 and TRP-2 control nicotine-dependent behavior, while TRP-3, a sperm TRPC channel, is regulated by sperm activation and required for sperm-egg interactions during fertilization.	Nicotine	55-63	ANK_REP_REGION domain-containing protein;Transient-receptor-potential-like protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	31-36
32757664-6	2020	We found that nicotine significantly suppressed chondrocytes and chondrogenic markers (Sox, Col II, and aggrecan).	Nicotine	14-22	quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Mus musculus	87-90
32757664-11	2020	Taken together, the PDB exerts regenerative and reparative activities in nicotine-mediated initiation and progression of OA, through modulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 signaling axis.	Nicotine	73-81	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	144-149
32247096-10	2020	A free interval between smoking and breastfeeding reduces the concentration of nicotine in milk (NP4).	Nicotine	79-87	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	97-100
19452140-11	2009	DISCUSSION: It is suggested that the increased sensitivity to antidepressants after chronic nicotine exposure involves increased high-affinity nAChR-mediated neurotransmission.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	143-148
19812319-7	2009	These data suggest that in nigrostriatal DA pathway, chronic nicotine enhancement of alpha4beta2* nAChRs displays selectivity in cell type and in nAChR subtype as well as in cellular compartment.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	98-103
19706762-0	2009	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster affects risk for nicotine dependence in African-Americans and in European-Americans.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-24
19706762-1	2009	Genetic association studies have shown the importance of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q24-25.1 for the risk of nicotine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer in populations of European descent.	Nicotine	187-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-93
19628079-2	2009	We demonstrated recently that nicotine, a major risk factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), increases OPN expression in PDA cells.	Nicotine	30-38	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
32250310-7	2020	RESULTS: The results showed that 6 h of nicotine exposure increased the expression of alpha-secretase (ADAM10) and C83 in a dose dependent manner.	Nicotine	40-48	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	103-109
19628079-4	2009	In this study, we tested the effect of nicotine on OPNc expression and analyzed the correlation between total OPN/OPNc levels and patients" smoking history.	Nicotine	39-47	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
32250310-10	2020	PKC antagonist Ro30-8220 treatment prevented the increase of ADAM10 and C83 by nicotine.	Nicotine	79-87	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	61-67
19567877-9	2009	Interestingly, human neurexin-1 gene dysfunctions have been implicated in nicotine dependence and in autism spectrum disorders.	Nicotine	74-82	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	21-31
19358273-0	2009	Induction of osteopontin expression by nicotine and cigarette smoke in the pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells.	Nicotine	39-47	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	13-24
32250310-11	2020	Genetic knockdown RACK1 significantly inhibited P-PKC, and consequently abolished the increase of ADAM10 and C83 by nicotine.	Nicotine	116-124	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	98-104
19358273-4	2009	Here, we investigated the potential molecular basis of nicotine"s role in PDA through studying its effect on OPN.	Nicotine	55-63	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	285-314
31634502-9	2020	By contrast, treatment of HFD-fed mice with nicotine led to a significant increase in CB1R levels in the arcuate, paraventricular and lateral nuclei.	Nicotine	44-52	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	86-90
19443489-1	2009	Nicotine dependence risk and lung cancer risk are associated with variants in a region of chromosome 15 encompassing genes encoding the nicotinic receptor subunits CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-189
19372204-9	2009	The pool of peptides generated from the CTSL cleavage of CgA inhibited nicotine-induced catecholamine secretion from PC12 cells.	Nicotine	71-79	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
19224602-8	2009	On the nicotine challenge, WT mice that received nicotine demonstrated a significant increase in activity compared to all groups, and showed increased accumbal BDNF compared to all groups.	Nicotine	49-57	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	160-164
19224602-9	2009	These results show that the beta-arrestin-2 protein is important in induction and expression of nicotine sensitization as well as nicotine"s effects on accumbal BDNF.	Nicotine	96-104	arrestin, beta 2	Mus musculus	28-43
19224602-9	2009	These results show that the beta-arrestin-2 protein is important in induction and expression of nicotine sensitization as well as nicotine"s effects on accumbal BDNF.	Nicotine	130-138	arrestin, beta 2	Mus musculus	28-43
19224602-9	2009	These results show that the beta-arrestin-2 protein is important in induction and expression of nicotine sensitization as well as nicotine"s effects on accumbal BDNF.	Nicotine	130-138	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	161-165
19103434-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the cystine-glutamate exchanger and the glial glutamate transporter are downregulated after nicotine self-administration, and augmenting exchanger activity with N-acetylcysteine reduced the number of cigarettes smoked in nicotine-dependent individuals.	Nicotine	133-141	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	81-108
19358273-5	2009	Nicotine significantly (p &lt; 0.02) increased OPN mRNA and protein secretion in PDA cells through activation of the OPN gene promoter.	Nicotine	0-8	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
19358273-5	2009	Nicotine significantly (p &lt; 0.02) increased OPN mRNA and protein secretion in PDA cells through activation of the OPN gene promoter.	Nicotine	0-8	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
19326440-2	2009	Nicotine (classical nAChR agonist) induced cell proliferation, whereas nAChR antagonists, d- tubocurarine or alpha-cobratoxin (alpha-CbT), induced cell death.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	20-25
19151195-2	2009	The nAChR alpha7 subunit has been found to be pivotal in the control of nicotine-induced lung cancer development and in growth signal transduction induced by nicotine binding to nAChRs.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-9
19151195-2	2009	The nAChR alpha7 subunit has been found to be pivotal in the control of nicotine-induced lung cancer development and in growth signal transduction induced by nicotine binding to nAChRs.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-9
19103434-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the cystine-glutamate exchanger and the glial glutamate transporter are downregulated after nicotine self-administration, and augmenting exchanger activity with N-acetylcysteine reduced the number of cigarettes smoked in nicotine-dependent individuals.	Nicotine	262-270	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	81-108
31634502-11	2020	The expression of CB1R was augmented only when mice were treated with HFD and nicotine in combination.	Nicotine	78-86	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	18-22
31622651-9	2020	The gene expression of alpha7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was significantly increased in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) and inguinal subcutaneous WAT (igSWAT) of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age.	Nicotine	159-167	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
31622651-10	2020	The protein expression of alpha7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was increased in gWAT and igSWAT of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age, and increased in gWAT at 26 weeks.	Nicotine	89-97	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
19359522-8	2009	Nicotine stimulation increased production of both OPN and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor by alveolar macrophages from smokers.	Nicotine	0-8	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
19453497-8	2009	RESULTS: Compared with saline/saline-treated control animals, saline/nicotine-treated rats developed significantly more periodontal bone loss, and LPS provoked a significantly smaller increase in circulating levels of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-1beta and interleukin-10.	Nicotine	69-77	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	299-313
19453497-9	2009	Mecamylamine pretreatment of nicotine-treated rats abrogated the increased periodontal bone loss and the LPS-induced decrease in tumour necrosis factor-alpha, but had no significant effects on the levels of transforming growth factor-1beta and interleukin-10, or the stress hormone corticosterone.	Nicotine	29-37	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	244-258
19359522-8	2009	Nicotine stimulation increased production of both OPN and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor by alveolar macrophages from smokers.	Nicotine	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	58-106
31622651-11	2020	In vitro, nicotine increased the expression of lipid metabolism and alpha7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	10-18	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
18845019-0	2009	Nicotine modulates expression of miR-140*, which targets the 3"-untranslated region of dynamin 1 gene (Dnm1).	Nicotine	0-8	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-96
31622651-13	2020	Therefore, maternal nicotine exposure promoted the early angiogenesis of adipose tissue via the alpha7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway, and this angiogenesis mechanism was associated with increased adipogenesis in adipose tissue of female offspring.	Nicotine	20-28	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
18845019-0	2009	Nicotine modulates expression of miR-140*, which targets the 3"-untranslated region of dynamin 1 gene (Dnm1).	Nicotine	0-8	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
19827313-0	2009	[Association between nicotine dependence and the -521 promoter polymorfism of the dopamine D4 receptor in patients with major depression].	Nicotine	21-29	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	82-102
18845019-8	2009	Consequently, our data indicate that nicotine regulates Dnm1 expression via the miRNA pathway.	Nicotine	37-45	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
31920673-11	2019	These findings suggest that AT1 receptors play an important role in nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction, and pharmacological approaches targeting cardiac AT1 receptors may thus benefit patients with sustained exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	68-76	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
18845019-9	2009	Because dynamin 1 has an essential role in synaptic endocytosis in the central nervous system, nicotine-induced miRNA-mediated dynamin 1 expression regulation may illustrate its importance in neural plasticity, which underlies a molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	95-103	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-17
18845019-9	2009	Because dynamin 1 has an essential role in synaptic endocytosis in the central nervous system, nicotine-induced miRNA-mediated dynamin 1 expression regulation may illustrate its importance in neural plasticity, which underlies a molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	95-103	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-136
31920673-11	2019	These findings suggest that AT1 receptors play an important role in nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction, and pharmacological approaches targeting cardiac AT1 receptors may thus benefit patients with sustained exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	68-76	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
18845019-9	2009	Because dynamin 1 has an essential role in synaptic endocytosis in the central nervous system, nicotine-induced miRNA-mediated dynamin 1 expression regulation may illustrate its importance in neural plasticity, which underlies a molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	252-260	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-17
31920673-11	2019	These findings suggest that AT1 receptors play an important role in nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction, and pharmacological approaches targeting cardiac AT1 receptors may thus benefit patients with sustained exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	222-230	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
18845019-9	2009	Because dynamin 1 has an essential role in synaptic endocytosis in the central nervous system, nicotine-induced miRNA-mediated dynamin 1 expression regulation may illustrate its importance in neural plasticity, which underlies a molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	252-260	dynamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-136
21783940-7	2009	Chronic administration of nicotine did not have a potentiating effect on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer, since the gastric injury, as assessed by both macroscopic and microscopic evaluation and increased gastric myeloperoxidase activity indicating neutrophil recruitment, was not exaggerated or attenuated by nicotine intake.	Nicotine	26-34	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	215-230
19371581-0	2009	Effects of nicotine on K+ currents and nicotinic receptors in astrocytes of the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	11-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
19371581-2	2009	We studied electrical effects elicited by nicotine in cultured astrocytes from the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	42-50	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
19371581-7	2009	Thus, these results indicate that nicotine activates nAChRs and directly inhibits K+ currents in cultured astrocytes from the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	34-42	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
18973546-12	2009	RESULTS: Compared with saline/saline-treated control rats, saline/nicotine-treated rats developed significantly more periodontal bone loss, and LPS provoked a significantly smaller increase in circulating levels of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor 1beta (TGF-1beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).	Nicotine	66-74	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	320-334
18973546-12	2009	RESULTS: Compared with saline/saline-treated control rats, saline/nicotine-treated rats developed significantly more periodontal bone loss, and LPS provoked a significantly smaller increase in circulating levels of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor 1beta (TGF-1beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).	Nicotine	66-74	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	336-341
19098091-2	2009	We here report that tobacco genes (NtMATE1 and NtMATE2) encoding transporters of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family are coordinately regulated with structural genes for nicotine biosynthesis in the root, with respect to spatial expression patterns, regulation by NIC regulatory loci, and induction by methyl jasmonate.	Nicotine	191-199	protein DETOXIFICATION 40-like	Nicotiana tabacum	47-54
18849602-8	2009	In nephritic rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased fibronectin and COX-2 expression.	Nicotine	41-49	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-85
19499400-11	2009	Nicotine significantly increased telomerase activity and phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).	Nicotine	0-8	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	106-131
19307444-5	2009	RESULTS: We found evidence that genetic variation at CHRNA1, CHRNA2, CHRNA7, and CHRNB1 alters susceptibility to nicotine dependence, but we did not replicate any of the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism associations from the NICSNP high-density association study.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-75
19307444-5	2009	RESULTS: We found evidence that genetic variation at CHRNA1, CHRNA2, CHRNA7, and CHRNB1 alters susceptibility to nicotine dependence, but we did not replicate any of the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism associations from the NICSNP high-density association study.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
31920673-11	2019	These findings suggest that AT1 receptors play an important role in nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction, and pharmacological approaches targeting cardiac AT1 receptors may thus benefit patients with sustained exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	222-230	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
19293145-6	2009	Abeta peptides and nicotine differentially activate several intracellular signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog pathway, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and JAK-2/STAT-3 pathways.	Nicotine	19-27	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	271-276
18844224-13	2009	Most importantly, nicotine could induce changes in gene expression consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by reduction of epithelial markers like E-cadherin expression, ZO-1 staining and concomitant increase in levels of mesenchymal proteins like vimentin and fibronectin in human breast and lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	18-26	vimentin	Homo sapiens	282-290
19658047-1	2009	Whole genome scan studies have recently identified the NRXN1 and NRXN3 genes as potential contributing factors in the risk for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	127-135	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
19063868-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the effects of inhibiting the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2 pro-survival cascade on the nicotine-induced production of the survival factor Bcl-2 and the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5.	Nicotine	107-115	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	226-231
31739571-3	2019	AP2/ERF and bHLH TFs work combinatorically to control nicotine biosynthesis and its subsequent accumulation in tobacco leaves.	Nicotine	54-62	ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-3
19063868-4	2009	We report that nicotine induced the production of Bcl-2 and increased the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, and STAT3, and with the exception of AP-1, the other transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT1, and STAT3) were significantly reduced by JAK2 inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
19063868-4	2009	We report that nicotine induced the production of Bcl-2 and increased the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, and STAT3, and with the exception of AP-1, the other transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT1, and STAT3) were significantly reduced by JAK2 inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	226-231
19063868-5	2009	We also demonstrate that, via transfection of either Bcl-2 antisense or NF-kappaB, STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factor decoys oligodeoxyribonucleotides into PC12 cells, nicotine induces its neuroprotection in PC12 cells via activation of the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2-(NF-kappaB; STAT3)-Bcl-2 pro-survival pathway.	Nicotine	170-178	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
19064933-5	2008	Genetic association studies indicate that a genetic locus, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, plays a role in nicotine consumption and dependence.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-98
31803568-8	2019	Results: After injected nicotine, thick basement membrane with apparent increase in the positive CD68 macrophages inbetween the diaphragm muscle fibers.	Nicotine	24-32	Cd68 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
18835254-0	2008	Nicotine induces cell proliferation in association with cyclin D1 up-regulation and inhibits cell differentiation in association with p53 regulation in a murine pre-osteoblastic cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	134-137
18835254-4	2008	Nicotine induced cell proliferation in association with p53 down-regulation and cyclin D1 up-regulation.	Nicotine	0-8	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	56-59
18835254-6	2008	Furthermore, p53 expression was sustained in nicotine-treated cells during differentiation.	Nicotine	45-53	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	13-16
18835254-7	2008	These findings indicate that nicotine promotes the cell cycle and inhibits differentiation in association with p53 regulation in pre-osteoblastic cells.	Nicotine	29-37	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	111-114
19098386-0	2008	Basic and translational research on proteinase-activated receptors: regulation of nicotine reward by the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - plasmin system via proteinase-activated receptor 1.	Nicotine	82-90	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	161-192
19098386-3	2008	We show that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by activating proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)).	Nicotine	79-87	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	169-200
19098386-3	2008	We show that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by activating proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)).	Nicotine	79-87	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	202-208
19098386-8	2008	Finally, nicotine-induced conditioned place preference and dopamine release are diminished in PAR(1)-/- mice.	Nicotine	9-17	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	94-100
19098386-9	2008	These findings suggest that targeting the tPA-plasmin-PAR(1) system would provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	130-138	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	54-60
19020025-3	2008	Although the beta2 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been shown to play a crucial role in mediating the reinforcement properties of nicotine, little is known about the contribution of the different alpha subunit partners of beta2 (i.e., alpha4 and alpha6), the homo-pentameric alpha7, and the brain areas other than the ventral tegmental area (VTA) involved in nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	77-82
19020025-3	2008	Although the beta2 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been shown to play a crucial role in mediating the reinforcement properties of nicotine, little is known about the contribution of the different alpha subunit partners of beta2 (i.e., alpha4 and alpha6), the homo-pentameric alpha7, and the brain areas other than the ventral tegmental area (VTA) involved in nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	396-404	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	77-82
19164511-3	2009	Here, rats and mice were used to determine whether nicotine activates peripheral and central taste pathways via TRPM5-dependent mechanisms, which are essential for responses to other bitter tastants such as quinine, and/or via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).	Nicotine	51-59	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	112-117
19164511-4	2009	When compared with wild-type mice, Trpm5(-/-) mice had reduced, but not abolished, chorda tympani (CT) responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	116-124	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	35-40
19164511-9	2009	In summary, nicotine elicits taste responses through peripheral TRPM5-dependent pathways, common to other bitter tastants, and nAChR-dependent and TRPM5-independent pathways, thus creating a unique sensory representation that contributes to the sensory experience of tobacco products.	Nicotine	12-20	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	64-69
19164511-9	2009	In summary, nicotine elicits taste responses through peripheral TRPM5-dependent pathways, common to other bitter tastants, and nAChR-dependent and TRPM5-independent pathways, thus creating a unique sensory representation that contributes to the sensory experience of tobacco products.	Nicotine	12-20	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	147-152
18986645-7	2009	RESULTS: The addition of nicotine and/or LPS to the culture medium increased the expression of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and tissue-type PA (tPA); decreased the expression of TIMP-1, -3, and -4; and did not affect expression of TIMP-2 or PAI-1.	Nicotine	25-33	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	95-112
18986645-7	2009	RESULTS: The addition of nicotine and/or LPS to the culture medium increased the expression of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and tissue-type PA (tPA); decreased the expression of TIMP-1, -3, and -4; and did not affect expression of TIMP-2 or PAI-1.	Nicotine	25-33	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	230-235
18986645-9	2009	In the presence of NS398 or celecoxib, the stimulatory effects of nicotine and LPS on MMP-1 expression were unchanged, but they were unable to stimulate PGE(2) production.	Nicotine	66-74	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
18986645-10	2009	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that nicotine and LPS stimulate the resorption process that occurs during turnover of osteoid by increasing the production of MMPs and tPA and by decreasing the production of TIMPs.	Nicotine	39-47	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
19013262-6	2009	We show that nicotine and hydroquinone inhibit alpha-synuclein fibril formation in a concentration-dependent manner, with nicotine being more effective.	Nicotine	13-21	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	47-62
19013262-6	2009	We show that nicotine and hydroquinone inhibit alpha-synuclein fibril formation in a concentration-dependent manner, with nicotine being more effective.	Nicotine	122-130	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	47-62
19013262-10	2009	These results show that nicotine and hydroquinone inhibit alpha-synuclein fibrillation and stabilize soluble oligomeric forms.	Nicotine	24-32	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	58-73
19002719-7	2009	Caffeine, nicotine, or both significantly decreased agrin-induced AChR clustering during short-term and long-term exposure.	Nicotine	10-18	agrin	Mus musculus	52-57
18812210-3	2008	The present study was designed to determine the possible involvement of specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype alpha(4)beta(2) in nicotine-induced attenuation of ethanol ataxia.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-113
31803568-10	2019	Combined injected (nicotine + caffeine) group, some fibers exhibited deep acidophilic cytoplasm with flat peripheral nuclei and apparent increase of the CD68 positive cells.	Nicotine	19-27	Cd68 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
18812210-3	2008	The present study was designed to determine the possible involvement of specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype alpha(4)beta(2) in nicotine-induced attenuation of ethanol ataxia.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	115-120
18812210-11	2008	In conclusion, the results of the present investigation support an important role of alpha(4)beta(2) nAChR subtype in the expression of nicotine-induced attenuation of ethanol ataxia.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	101-106
18442069-0	2009	Growth retardation of fetal rats exposed to nicotine in utero: possible involvement of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
18442069-1	2009	To elucidate the possible metabolic mechanism of intrauterine growth retardation induced by nicotine, this study determines the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on fetal development and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in maternal liver and placenta.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	211-217
18442069-4	2009	The activities of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in maternal liver microsomes in nicotine-treated groups increased significantly with progressing gestation when compared with the corresponding control, but returned to the level similar to the control in late pregnancy.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
18442069-6	2009	The gene expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in the placenta increased significantly in nicotine-treated groups on GD 15 and GD 18, but returned to the level similar to the corresponding control on GD 21.	Nicotine	85-93	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
18442069-11	2009	The induction of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 gene expression by nicotine in the maternal liver and placenta may be involved with the observed increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
18926877-2	2008	Nicotine has been proposed to be neuroprotective through anti-amyloid beta (Abeta) effects, anti-excitotoxic effects, and anti-free radical effects.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	76-81
18638553-9	2008	Our results indicate that changes in the levels of calcineurin and P-CaMKII during expression of LTD in the CA1 region may explain the enhanced magnitude of LTD in hypothyroid rats, and its reversal by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	210-218	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
31172810-9	2019	Nicotine induced premature hypertension, renal expression of the sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter (NKCC2), increases in renal sodium retention, and infiltration of CD161a+/CD68+ macrophages into the renal medulla.	Nicotine	0-8	Cd68 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
18690117-5	2008	For the dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)], presence of the 7-repeat allele was associated with greater aversive responses to nicotine (decreases in "vigor", positive affect, and rapid information processing; increased cortisol) and reduced nicotine choice.	Nicotine	160-168	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	8-28
18690117-5	2008	For the dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)], presence of the 7-repeat allele was associated with greater aversive responses to nicotine (decreases in "vigor", positive affect, and rapid information processing; increased cortisol) and reduced nicotine choice.	Nicotine	160-168	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	30-34
18690117-5	2008	For the dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)], presence of the 7-repeat allele was associated with greater aversive responses to nicotine (decreases in "vigor", positive affect, and rapid information processing; increased cortisol) and reduced nicotine choice.	Nicotine	275-283	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	8-28
18690117-5	2008	For the dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)], presence of the 7-repeat allele was associated with greater aversive responses to nicotine (decreases in "vigor", positive affect, and rapid information processing; increased cortisol) and reduced nicotine choice.	Nicotine	275-283	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	30-34
18846038-7	2008	Latency of off-contractions and nicotine responses were reduced by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (1 mM) and blocked after further addition of apamin (1 microM) or the P2Y(1) receptor antagonist MRS 2179 (10 microM) and were unaffected by the P2X antagonist NF279 (10 microM) or alpha-chymotrypsin (10 U mL(-1)).	Nicotine	32-40	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	159-174
18571741-7	2008	Similarly, research in mice has provided evidence that naturally occurring variability in nAChR genes is associated with changes in nicotine sensitivity.	Nicotine	132-140	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	90-95
18571741-8	2008	Furthermore, the use of genetic knockout mice has allowed researchers to determine the nAChR genes that mediate the effects of nicotine, whereas research with knockin mice has demonstrated that changes to nAChR genes can dramatically alter nicotine sensitivity.	Nicotine	127-135	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	87-92
18571741-8	2008	Furthermore, the use of genetic knockout mice has allowed researchers to determine the nAChR genes that mediate the effects of nicotine, whereas research with knockin mice has demonstrated that changes to nAChR genes can dramatically alter nicotine sensitivity.	Nicotine	240-248	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	205-210
31934215-5	2019	Meanwhile, stimulation with nicotine resulted in increased expression levels of alpha3nAChR, ADAM10, PS1, NCT, Notch1 and Hes1.	Nicotine	28-36	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	93-99
31934215-5	2019	Meanwhile, stimulation with nicotine resulted in increased expression levels of alpha3nAChR, ADAM10, PS1, NCT, Notch1 and Hes1.	Nicotine	28-36	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
31934215-5	2019	Meanwhile, stimulation with nicotine resulted in increased expression levels of alpha3nAChR, ADAM10, PS1, NCT, Notch1 and Hes1.	Nicotine	28-36	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
18582447-2	2008	It has been shown that the non-selective nicotinic agonist nicotine has an influence on auditory gating in part by acting on the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	141-146
18583454-10	2008	These data indicate that alpha6beta2(*) nAChR-evoked dopamine release in nicotine-treated rats is mediated by the alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2(*) nAChR subtype and suggest that the alpha6alpha4beta2(*) nAChR and/or alpha4beta2(*) nAChR contribute to the differential effect of higher frequency stimulation on dopamine release under control conditions.	Nicotine	73-81	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	114-130
31228592-8	2019	As a whole, unescapable nicotine-enhanced maternal care could have an impact on the offspring arousal by acting on prefrontal CHRN-B2 gene-expression.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	126-133
31152077-0	2019	Nicotine Attenuates Osteoarthritis Pain and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression via the alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	44-70
18477628-6	2008	It was possible that the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine was achieved through the suppression of the Ire1-XBP1 and/or ATF6 pathways.	Nicotine	60-68	X-box binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
18033235-9	2008	In summary, we reveal that alpha6beta2*-nAChRs dominate the effects of nicotine on DA release in NAc, whereas in CPu their role is minor alongside other beta2*-nAChRs (eg alpha4*), These data offer new insights to suggest striatal alpha6*-nAChRs as a molecular target for a therapeutic strategy for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	71-79	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	27-33
18565634-8	2008	In the short-term phase, switching from MFF to ML showed statistically significant decreases in nicotine exposure (-13%) and non-significant increases in CO exposure (+6%), while switching from MFF to MUL showed statistically significant decreases in nicotine (-27%) and CO (-13%) exposure.	Nicotine	96-104	mitochondrial fission factor	Homo sapiens	40-43
18477628-6	2008	It was possible that the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine was achieved through the suppression of the Ire1-XBP1 and/or ATF6 pathways.	Nicotine	60-68	activating transcription factor 6	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
31005665-0	2019	Nicotine inhibits rapamycin-induced pain through activating mTORC1/S6K/IRS-1-related feedback inhibition loop.	Nicotine	0-8	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	60-66
18477628-7	2008	We observed that nicotine suppressed the Tm-induced, but not Tg-induced, splicing of XBP1 mRNA, and also suppressed the Tm-induced, but not Tg-induced, production of cleaved ATF6 in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	17-25	X-box binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
18477628-7	2008	We observed that nicotine suppressed the Tm-induced, but not Tg-induced, splicing of XBP1 mRNA, and also suppressed the Tm-induced, but not Tg-induced, production of cleaved ATF6 in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	17-25	activating transcription factor 6	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	129-137	X-box binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	129-137	activating transcription factor 6	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	180-188	X-box binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	180-188	activating transcription factor 6	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	180-188	X-box binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	240-244
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	180-188	activating transcription factor 6	Rattus norvegicus	249-253
18599178-7	2008	The Ames test revealed that cigarette smoke condensates from the nicotine-free (CSC-F), low nicotine (CSC-L) and 2R4F (CSC-R) cigarettes had a similar mutagenic potency.	Nicotine	65-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	80-85
18599178-10	2008	Adding nicotine to the CSC-F attenuated this inhibition.	Nicotine	7-15	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	23-28
18454435-0	2008	MAOA methylation is associated with nicotine and alcohol dependence in women.	Nicotine	36-44	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	0-4
31005665-4	2019	However, whether nicotine, a full agonist of nAChRs, alleviates mTORC1 inhibition-induced pain and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown.	Nicotine	17-25	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	64-70
18374908-6	2008	The study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of nicotine and caffeine on the expression and activity of toxicant responsive genes, i.e., CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 in the striatum of control and MPTP-induced PD phenotype in mouse.	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	153-159
18374908-6	2008	The study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of nicotine and caffeine on the expression and activity of toxicant responsive genes, i.e., CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 in the striatum of control and MPTP-induced PD phenotype in mouse.	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	161-167
30259400-10	2019	Downregulating mGluR5 or nicotine treatment after L-DOPA decreased ERK and histone 3 activation, and FosB expression.	Nicotine	25-33	Eph receptor B2	Mus musculus	67-70
18374908-10	2008	The results obtained thus suggest that nicotine and caffeine modulate MPTP-induced alterations in CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 expression/activity.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	98-104
18374908-10	2008	The results obtained thus suggest that nicotine and caffeine modulate MPTP-induced alterations in CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 expression/activity.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	106-112
18451315-5	2008	In contrast, genetic deletion, or pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for catabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide, enhanced the expression of nicotine CPP.	Nicotine	199-207	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	75-90
18451315-5	2008	In contrast, genetic deletion, or pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for catabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide, enhanced the expression of nicotine CPP.	Nicotine	199-207	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	92-96
18451315-8	2008	Moreover, FAAH-compromised mice displayed increased conditioned place aversion in a mecamylamine-precipitated model of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	119-127	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	10-14
29532581-11	2019	Second, nicotine withdrawal showed association on 2q21 in an intron of TMEM163 (P = 2.1 x 10-9 ), and on 11p15 (P = 6.6 x 10-8 ) in an intron of AP2A2, and P = 4.2 x 10-7 for a missense variant in MUC6, both involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway).	Nicotine	8-16	transmembrane protein 163	Homo sapiens	71-78
18033235-0	2008	Alpha6-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors dominate the nicotine control of dopamine neurotransmission in nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	65-73	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	0-6
18482426-5	2008	FINDINGS: We found evidence for association between four SNPs in GABRA4, two SNPs in GABRA2 and one SNP in GABRE with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	118-126	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	65-71
18070822-5	2008	In contrast, P0 AMCs from pups born to nicotine-treated dams showed a marked suppression or loss of hypoxic sensitivity, although hypercapnic sensitivity and the expression of CO(2) markers (i.e., carbonic anhydrase I and II) appeared normal.	Nicotine	39-47	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-224
18196465-0	2008	CYP82E4-mediated nicotine to nornicotine conversion in tobacco is regulated by a senescence-specific signaling pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-7
29532581-11	2019	Second, nicotine withdrawal showed association on 2q21 in an intron of TMEM163 (P = 2.1 x 10-9 ), and on 11p15 (P = 6.6 x 10-8 ) in an intron of AP2A2, and P = 4.2 x 10-7 for a missense variant in MUC6, both involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway).	Nicotine	8-16	mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	197-201
18196465-2	2008	In plants that carry the high nornicotine trait, nicotine conversion is primarily catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 protein, designated CYP82E4 whose transcription is strongly upregulated during leaf senescence.	Nicotine	33-41	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	133-140
18248893-8	2008	In addition, the expression of T-bet mRNA in human LPT cells was significantly upregulated after the culture with 10(-7)M and 10(-5)M nicotine for 9 days, while chronic nicotine stimulation showed negligible effect on the expression of GATA-3 mRNA by real-time PCR.	Nicotine	134-142	T-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	31-36
18248893-8	2008	In addition, the expression of T-bet mRNA in human LPT cells was significantly upregulated after the culture with 10(-7)M and 10(-5)M nicotine for 9 days, while chronic nicotine stimulation showed negligible effect on the expression of GATA-3 mRNA by real-time PCR.	Nicotine	169-177	T-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	31-36
17600315-9	2007	The fibronectin-inducing effects of nicotine were associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, and were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), PI3-K (LY294002), and mTOR (rapamycin), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase (PK)C (calphostin C) and PKA (H89).	Nicotine	36-44	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	128-153
18482426-5	2008	FINDINGS: We found evidence for association between four SNPs in GABRA4, two SNPs in GABRA2 and one SNP in GABRE with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	118-126	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	107-112
19492010-5	2008	The nAChRs are important components of the dopaminergic reward system because some of the receptors have been shown to activate the release of dopamine, and mice lacking genes for specific nAChR gene subunits show altered behavioral responses to nicotine and alcohol.	Nicotine	246-254	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-9
18646640-9	2008	In vivo microdialysis revealed that microinjection of either tPA or plasmin into the NAc significantly potentiated whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 reduced the nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	169-177	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	123-156
18646640-13	2008	Furthermore, we demonstrated that plasmin activated PAR1 and that nicotine-induced place preference and dopamine release were diminished in PAR1-deficient (PAR1-/-) mice.	Nicotine	66-74	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	140-144
18646640-13	2008	Furthermore, we demonstrated that plasmin activated PAR1 and that nicotine-induced place preference and dopamine release were diminished in PAR1-deficient (PAR1-/-) mice.	Nicotine	66-74	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	140-144
18646640-14	2008	Our findings suggest that targeting the tPA-plasmin-PAR1 system would provide new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	125-133	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	52-56
18054212-9	2008	The LDH-M and LDH-H isoenzyme levels are higher (P&lt;0.001) in the lungs of the nicotine exposed rats.	Nicotine	81-89	lactate dehydrogenase B	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
17920082-2	2007	The alpha7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is highly expressed in the brain, and has been suspected to play a major role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-10
30856513-8	2019	In addition, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR showed that VSMCs exposed to nicotine underwent changes in the expression of differentiation markers (alpha-SMA, SM22alpha and osteopontin), confirming the role of nicotine in VSMC differentiation.	Nicotine	90-98	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	188-199
17920082-2	2007	The alpha7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is highly expressed in the brain, and has been suspected to play a major role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	35-67
17920082-2	2007	The alpha7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is highly expressed in the brain, and has been suspected to play a major role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	69-74
17920082-7	2007	In alpha7 -/- mice, the somatic effects of MEC-precipitated nicotine withdrawal were significantly reduced.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	3-9
18385094-3	2008	By stimulating nAChR, nicotine promotes tumor angiogenesis as well as atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	15-20
31113282-5	2019	On nicotine administration, the endometrial cells were associated with a decrease in antioxidant defense markers such as Glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control.	Nicotine	3-11	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	176-197
18385094-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endogenous activation of nAChR promotes CNV and that activation of nAChR by nicotine may contribute to the increased incidence of CNV seen in smokers with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	104-109
17920082-12	2007	Our results point to the alpha7 subunit as one of the players in nicotine withdrawal, but not in nicotine tolerance or basal anxiety-like behavior.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	25-31
31113282-5	2019	On nicotine administration, the endometrial cells were associated with a decrease in antioxidant defense markers such as Glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control.	Nicotine	3-11	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	199-201
31118684-12	2019	Conclusion: The results indicate that nicotine promotes cervical lymph node metastasis through regulating Ets1/Prx1/EMT signaling during OSCC pathogenesis; consequently, Prx1 may represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.	Nicotine	38-46	E26 avian leukemia oncogene 1, 5' domain	Mus musculus	106-110
31058214-3	2019	GLP-1 analogs, which are approved diabetes medications, can reduce the reinforcing and rewarding effects of alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine in rodents.	Nicotine	143-151	glucagon	Mus musculus	0-5
18184829-6	2008	Our results show a loss of anxiety-related behavior and a loss of aversion in the CPA model in beta2 KO mice, whereas alpha7 and alpha5 KO mice displayed a loss of nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and a reduction in somatic signs, respectively.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	118-124
18184829-7	2008	These results suggest that beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the affective signs of nicotine withdrawal, whereas non-beta2-containing nAChRs are more closely associated with physical signs of nicotine withdrawal; thus, the nAChR subtype composition may play an important role in the involvement of specific subtypes in nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	44-49
30876690-1	2019	CYP2A5 is a major enzyme responsible for nicotine and cotinine metabolism in mice.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	0-6
17387332-0	2008	Genetic variation in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and smoking cessation: follow-up of a randomised clinical trial of transdermal nicotine patch.	Nicotine	137-145	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	25-45
17387332-0	2008	Genetic variation in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and smoking cessation: follow-up of a randomised clinical trial of transdermal nicotine patch.	Nicotine	137-145	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	47-51
17387332-3	2008	For the DRD4 VNTR models, the main effect of treatment was significant at both 12-week (P=0.001) and 26-week (P=0.006) follow-ups, indicating an increased likelihood of successful cessation on active nicotine replacement therapy transdermal patch relative to placebo.	Nicotine	200-208	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	8-12
18337407-0	2008	Nicotine self-administration differentially regulates hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin mRNAs and facilitates stress-induced neuronal activation.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	67-97
18164554-8	2008	L(-)-Nicotine reduced hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity both in hAChE-Tg//APPswe mice and non-transgenic controls, while D(+)-nicotine caused a decrease only in hAChE-Tg//APPswe mice.	Nicotine	5-13	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	34-38
30659912-1	2019	In the present study, we have evaluated the existence of functional interaction between orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) and cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc), in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) of Wistar male rat.	Nicotine	188-196	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	88-105
17584502-2	2008	However, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that are involved in nicotine withdrawal deficits in contextual fear conditioning are unknown.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	13-46
17584502-2	2008	However, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that are involved in nicotine withdrawal deficits in contextual fear conditioning are unknown.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	48-53
17584502-3	2008	The present study used genetic and pharmacological techniques to investigate the nAChR subtype(s) involved in the effects of nicotine withdrawal on contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-86
18411702-8	2008	Finally, we show that the tPA-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release by activating protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1).	Nicotine	55-63	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	114-143
30659912-1	2019	In the present study, we have evaluated the existence of functional interaction between orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) and cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc), in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) of Wistar male rat.	Nicotine	188-196	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
18411702-8	2008	Finally, we show that the tPA-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release by activating protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1).	Nicotine	55-63	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	145-149
30659912-5	2019	Our findings provide insight into the possible interaction of OX2R and CB1R of the NAcc in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	91-99	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
30302668-10	2019	PAPP-A concentration showed significant positive correlation with the values of FRAP and main nicotine metabolites.	Nicotine	94-102	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
18077004-3	2008	Cytokine responses to UV in mice administered chronic oral nicotine, a nAChR agonist, were reduced.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	71-76
30550855-1	2019	The present study was designed to explore the role of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) in nicotine-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its underlying mechanism.	Nicotine	106-114	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	96-101
19079602-0	2008	Nicotine acts on growth plate chondrocytes to delay skeletal growth through the alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-128
30550855-8	2019	Nicotine promoted HASMC proliferation, which was accompanied by elevated alpha5-nAchR and TRPC3 expressions, basal [Ca2+]cyt, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and the rate of Mn2+ quenching in HASMCs.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	90-95
30550855-9	2019	Further investigation indicated that nicotine-induced Ca2+ response and TRPC3 up-regulation was reversibly blocked by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppression of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	37-45	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	72-77
17923451-3	2007	In tobacco, previous studies have identified the senescence-inducible CYP82E4 gene as an important factor controlling nicotine conversion.	Nicotine	118-126	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	70-77
30550855-10	2019	The knockdown of TRPC3 blunted Ca2+ response and HASMC proliferation induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	80-88	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	17-22
30550855-11	2019	In conclusion, nicotine-induced HASMC proliferation was mediated by TRPC3-dependent calcium entry via alpha5-nAchR, which provided a potential target for treatment of COPD.	Nicotine	15-23	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	68-73
30076725-0	2019	Nicotine downregulates microRNA-200c to promote metastasis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 200c	Homo sapiens	23-36
17706607-5	2007	PAM activity was robustly detected using the FLIPR assay; for example, the known alpha7 receptor PAM 5-hydroxyindole failed to directly activate the receptor but produced a leftward shift of the nicotine concentration-response curve in combination with a potentiation of the maximum evoked response to nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17706607-5	2007	PAM activity was robustly detected using the FLIPR assay; for example, the known alpha7 receptor PAM 5-hydroxyindole failed to directly activate the receptor but produced a leftward shift of the nicotine concentration-response curve in combination with a potentiation of the maximum evoked response to nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
30076725-8	2019	Nicotine inhibited miR-200c expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in SW620 and HT-29 CRC cell lines.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 200c	Homo sapiens	19-27
30076725-9	2019	Nicotine induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SW620 and HT-29 cells, and these effects were attenuated by overexpression of miR-200c.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 200c	Homo sapiens	193-201
17706607-5	2007	PAM activity was robustly detected using the FLIPR assay; for example, the known alpha7 receptor PAM 5-hydroxyindole failed to directly activate the receptor but produced a leftward shift of the nicotine concentration-response curve in combination with a potentiation of the maximum evoked response to nicotine.	Nicotine	302-310	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
30076725-11	2019	We demonstrate a novel oncogenic mechanism by which nicotine promotes growth and metastasis in CRC by downregulating miR-200c.	Nicotine	52-60	microRNA 200c	Homo sapiens	117-125
17706607-5	2007	PAM activity was robustly detected using the FLIPR assay; for example, the known alpha7 receptor PAM 5-hydroxyindole failed to directly activate the receptor but produced a leftward shift of the nicotine concentration-response curve in combination with a potentiation of the maximum evoked response to nicotine.	Nicotine	302-310	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
30358437-14	2019	Nicotine also caused a dose-dependent increase in epithelial cell death and an increase in caspase-3/7 activities.	Nicotine	0-8	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
17825262-7	2007	One of these three subtypes (alpha4alpha6beta2beta3) also has the highest sensitivity to nicotine of any native nAChR that has been studied, to date.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	112-117
30206032-12	2019	Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of ERK1/2 in nicotine treated cultures suggesting nicotine provided neuroprotection in SCG neurons by increasing the expression of ERK1/2 through nicotinic receptor dependent mechanisms.	Nicotine	66-74	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
17224915-3	2007	Our results indicate that OPRM1 genotype may moderate the effect of transdermal nicotine patch compared to placebo during active treatment, with a benefit of active NRT treatment evident in the OPRM1 AA genotype group only and those carrying one or more copies of the G allele demonstrating no benefit of active NRT versus placebo patch.	Nicotine	80-88	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
17898222-6	2007	The same nicotine treatment increased the levels of the AMPA glutamate receptor subunit GluR1, the NMDA receptor subunit NR2A, the metabotropic receptor mGluR1alpha, the plasticity factor Homer-1A, and the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, whereas the levels of another scaffolding protein, Shank, were reduced.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
30206032-12	2019	Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of ERK1/2 in nicotine treated cultures suggesting nicotine provided neuroprotection in SCG neurons by increasing the expression of ERK1/2 through nicotinic receptor dependent mechanisms.	Nicotine	66-74	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	184-190
17610911-2	2007	In the present studies, the effect of beta-amyloid (Abeta) was investigated on the nicotine enhancement of high-frequency-induced LTP.	Nicotine	83-91	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	38-58
30206032-12	2019	Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of ERK1/2 in nicotine treated cultures suggesting nicotine provided neuroprotection in SCG neurons by increasing the expression of ERK1/2 through nicotinic receptor dependent mechanisms.	Nicotine	103-111	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
17610911-4	2007	The enhancing action of nicotine was mediated via alpha7 nAChRs as it was absent in mice null for alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	50-62
30206032-12	2019	Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of ERK1/2 in nicotine treated cultures suggesting nicotine provided neuroprotection in SCG neurons by increasing the expression of ERK1/2 through nicotinic receptor dependent mechanisms.	Nicotine	103-111	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	184-190
17331737-6	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2x day) of hypothyroid rats reversed hypothyroidism-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. Western blot analysis of the NMDA receptor subunits in the membranous fractions of hippocampal area CA1 neurons revealed that hypothyroidism reduced NR1 and increased NR2B without affecting NR2A protein levels.	Nicotine	8-16	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-237
30389584-0	2019	Excitotoxicity and compensatory upregulation of GAD67 in fetal rat hippocampus caused by prenatal nicotine exposure are associated with inhibition of the BDNF pathway.	Nicotine	98-106	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
17465209-2	2007	The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt/PTEN pathway has been suggested to play a role in the antiapoptotic responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	127-135	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	46-50
30439418-0	2019	Inhibition of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase reduces nicotine-induced dopamine activation and reward.	Nicotine	54-62	N-acylethanolamine acid amidase	Rattus norvegicus	14-45
16627857-4	2007	Neostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, mimicked the actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	72-80	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	16-36
17174071-3	2007	failed to attenuate KA-induced neurotoxicity, repeated nicotine infusions (1.0 microg/side/day for 10 days) attenuated the seizures, the severe loss of cells in hippocampal regions CA1 and CA3, the increase in activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding activity, and mortality after KA administration.	Nicotine	55-63	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
17268847-4	2007	Nicotine also suppressed expressions of BDNF, NT3 and Neuro-D, resulting in decreased bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth.	Nicotine	0-8	neurotrophin 3	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
30439418-10	2019	Our results indicate that NAAA inhibitors represent a new class of pharmacological tools to modulate brain PEA/PPARalpha signalling and show potential in the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	171-179	N-acylethanolamine acid amidase	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
30472464-8	2019	Further, the smoking cessation agents, nicotine, varenicline and cytisine increased activation of mutant (alpha4)3(beta2)2 receptors, while only nicotine increased activation of mutant (alpha4)2(beta2)3 receptors.	Nicotine	145-153	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	186-200
17206495-1	2007	RATIONALE: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme involved in the degradation and inactivation of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is important in mediating drug reward such as nicotine in tobacco smoke.	Nicotine	191-199	caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	11-39
30585623-4	2018	Nicotine also increased alpha1nAChR, calpain-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 expression in the aortic tissue.	Nicotine	0-8	calpain 1	Mus musculus	37-46
17206495-1	2007	RATIONALE: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme involved in the degradation and inactivation of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is important in mediating drug reward such as nicotine in tobacco smoke.	Nicotine	191-199	caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	41-45
17206495-2	2007	Different COMT alleles encode enzyme whose activity varies from three- to fourfold that may affect dopamine levels and alter subjective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	147-155	caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	10-14
30585623-4	2018	Nicotine also increased alpha1nAChR, calpain-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 expression in the aortic tissue.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	88-93
17206495-3	2007	Recent evidence also suggests that a COMT polymorphism may be especially important in determining an individual"s predisposition to developing nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	143-151	caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	37-41
30585623-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine-induced alpha1nAChR, calpain-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) and macrophages (RAW264.7), and enhanced the migration and proliferation of these cells.	Nicotine	10-18	calpain 1	Mus musculus	40-49
21783733-9	2007	Chronic nicotine administration caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and increases in MDA levels and MPO activity in kidney and bladder tissues, suggesting oxidative organ damage, which was also histologically verified.	Nicotine	8-16	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
30585623-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine-induced alpha1nAChR, calpain-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) and macrophages (RAW264.7), and enhanced the migration and proliferation of these cells.	Nicotine	10-18	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	62-67
17135361-2	2007	In the present study we show that nicotine decreases accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) in the cortex and hippocampus of APP (V717I) transgenic mice.	Nicotine	34-42	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	83-88
17135361-5	2007	RNA interference experiments show that the above nicotine-mediated process requires alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	84-96
17135361-6	2007	Nicotine decreases Abeta via the activation of alpha7nAChRs through MAPK, NF-kappaB, and c-myc pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	19-24
17619862-1	2007	RATIONALE: Smokers have weak positive expectancies for nicotine replacement therapies relative to smoking (Juliano and Brandon, Nicotine Tob Res, 6:569-574, 2004).	Nicotine	55-63	transducer of ERBB2, 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
30585623-9	2018	The effect of nicotine on atherogenesis may be mediated by alpha1nAChR-induced activation of the calpain-1/MMP-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	14-22	calpain 1	Mus musculus	97-106
30585623-9	2018	The effect of nicotine on atherogenesis may be mediated by alpha1nAChR-induced activation of the calpain-1/MMP-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	14-22	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	113-118
17330864-12	2007	These results indicate that at immature Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, activation of presynaptic calcium stores is not necessary for but contributes to nicotine-elicited increase of neurotransmitter release.	Nicotine	155-163	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
30504847-7	2018	Using western-blot, we confirmed downregulation of SIRT1 and increased cleaved caspase 3 expression in the brains of nicotine-exposed female rats and no change in expression levels in the other groups.	Nicotine	117-125	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
17523180-1	2007	We have shown previously that chronic nicotine treatment reverses adult-onset hypothyroidism-induced impairment of late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) in area CA1 of the hippocampus.	Nicotine	38-46	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
29993116-2	2018	Polymorphisms in CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 receptors play a critical role in nicotine dependence, lung cancer (LC) risk, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-23
17523180-3	2007	Immunoblots analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment of hypothyroid rats prevented the reduction in the basal protein levels of adenylyl cyclase I (ACI), mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKp44/42 (ERK1/2)], calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), and cyclic-AMP response element binding protein [CREB; phosphorylated (P-) and total].	Nicotine	41-49	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	279-322
17523180-3	2007	Immunoblots analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment of hypothyroid rats prevented the reduction in the basal protein levels of adenylyl cyclase I (ACI), mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKp44/42 (ERK1/2)], calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), and cyclic-AMP response element binding protein [CREB; phosphorylated (P-) and total].	Nicotine	41-49	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	324-328
17523180-4	2007	A significant increase in the levels of P-CREB, P-MAPKp44, P-MAPKp42 and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was seen 4 h after multiple train high frequency stimulation (MHFS) in nicotine-treated hypothyroid and control animals, but not in hypothyroid animals.	Nicotine	185-193	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
17909004-0	2007	Glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by UGT2B10: loss of function by the UGT2B10 Codon 67 (Asp&gt;Tyr) polymorphism.	Nicotine	19-27	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	44-51
17909004-0	2007	Glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by UGT2B10: loss of function by the UGT2B10 Codon 67 (Asp&gt;Tyr) polymorphism.	Nicotine	19-27	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	77-84
17909004-3	2007	In the present study, microsomes of UGT2B10-overexpressing HEK293 cells exhibited high N-glucuronidation activity against both nicotine and cotinine with apparent KM"s that were 37- and 3-fold lower than that observed for microsomes of UGT1A4-overexpressing cells against nicotine and cotinine, respectively.	Nicotine	127-135	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	36-43
17909004-3	2007	In the present study, microsomes of UGT2B10-overexpressing HEK293 cells exhibited high N-glucuronidation activity against both nicotine and cotinine with apparent KM"s that were 37- and 3-fold lower than that observed for microsomes of UGT1A4-overexpressing cells against nicotine and cotinine, respectively.	Nicotine	127-135	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	236-242
17523180-6	2007	These findings suggest that prevention of the reduced basal level of CaMKIV, MAPKp44/42, and CREB by nicotine along with the regained ability of MHFS to induce MAPKp44/42 and CREB phosphorylation in nicotine treated hypothyroid animals may be responsible for the reversal of L-LTP impairment by chronic nicotine treatment in this disease model.	Nicotine	101-109	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
29993116-3	2018	This study characterized the CHRNA3 rs1051730 and CHRNA5 rs16969968 polymorphisms in a Mexican population and its association with nicotine dependence, LC, and COPD.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-35
17909004-3	2007	In the present study, microsomes of UGT2B10-overexpressing HEK293 cells exhibited high N-glucuronidation activity against both nicotine and cotinine with apparent KM"s that were 37- and 3-fold lower than that observed for microsomes of UGT1A4-overexpressing cells against nicotine and cotinine, respectively.	Nicotine	272-280	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	36-43
17909004-4	2007	The KM of microsomes from wild-type (WT) UGT2B10-overexpressing cells for nicotine and cotinine was similar to that observed for human liver microsomes (HLM) against both substrates.	Nicotine	74-82	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	41-48
29993116-9	2018	CONCLUSION: CHRNA3/5 polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence, LC, and COPD in Mexicans.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-18
17909004-7	2007	These data suggest that UGT2B10 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in nicotine/cotinine glucuronidation and that the UGT2B10*2 variant significantly reduces nicotine- and cotinine-N-glucuronidation formation and plays an important role in nicotine metabolism and elimination.	Nicotine	72-80	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	24-31
30091833-6	2018	Mechanistically, human antigen R (HuR) bound with the adenylateuridylate-rich elements of the GTPCH1 3" untranslated region and increased its stability; nicotine inhibited HuR translocation from the nucleus to cytosol, which downregulated GTPCH1.	Nicotine	153-161	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	94-100
17909004-7	2007	These data suggest that UGT2B10 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in nicotine/cotinine glucuronidation and that the UGT2B10*2 variant significantly reduces nicotine- and cotinine-N-glucuronidation formation and plays an important role in nicotine metabolism and elimination.	Nicotine	72-80	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	119-126
17909004-7	2007	These data suggest that UGT2B10 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in nicotine/cotinine glucuronidation and that the UGT2B10*2 variant significantly reduces nicotine- and cotinine-N-glucuronidation formation and plays an important role in nicotine metabolism and elimination.	Nicotine	159-167	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	24-31
17909004-7	2007	These data suggest that UGT2B10 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in nicotine/cotinine glucuronidation and that the UGT2B10*2 variant significantly reduces nicotine- and cotinine-N-glucuronidation formation and plays an important role in nicotine metabolism and elimination.	Nicotine	159-167	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	119-126
17576790-2	2007	Using an improved analytical method, we have discovered that the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B10, a liver enzyme previously unknown to conjugate nicotine or exhibit considerable activity toward any compound, plays a major role in nicotine inactivation by direct conjugation with glucuronic acid at the aromatic nitrogen atom.	Nicotine	158-166	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	71-109
17576790-2	2007	Using an improved analytical method, we have discovered that the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B10, a liver enzyme previously unknown to conjugate nicotine or exhibit considerable activity toward any compound, plays a major role in nicotine inactivation by direct conjugation with glucuronic acid at the aromatic nitrogen atom.	Nicotine	243-251	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	71-109
30091833-6	2018	Mechanistically, human antigen R (HuR) bound with the adenylateuridylate-rich elements of the GTPCH1 3" untranslated region and increased its stability; nicotine inhibited HuR translocation from the nucleus to cytosol, which downregulated GTPCH1.	Nicotine	153-161	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	239-245
30091833-7	2018	In vivo, nicotine induced endothelial dysfunction and promoted atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, which were attenuated by GTPCH1 overexpression or BH4 supplement.	Nicotine	9-17	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	121-127
17456735-4	2007	Experimental groups included wild-type mice and both nicotine-induced seizure-sensitive and -resistant nAChR mutant mice.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
30326594-1	2018	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4/beta2* nAChRs) in the mammalian brain is necessary for nicotine reinforcement and addiction.	Nicotine	148-156	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
17431097-4	2007	Then, using an acid-induced acute lung injury mouse model, we found that nicotine, choline, and PNU-282,987 (a specific alpha7 nAChR agonist) decreased excess lung water and lung vascular permeability, and reduced protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	120-132
17784838-5	2007	The effect of nicotine on EPC survival was significantly enhanced under serum starvation on the ratio of Hoechest 33342-stained pyknotic nuclear cells as well as Annexin-V-stained cells to total cells.	Nicotine	14-22	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	162-171
30326594-5	2018	We then isolated native alpha4/beta2* nAChRs from mouse brain following acute or chronic exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	101-109	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	24-36
17459372-0	2007	Acute effects of nicotine on restraint stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, c-Fos expression, and corticosterone release in mice.	Nicotine	17-25	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	77-82
17459372-7	2007	Nicotine attenuated the restraint-induced expression of c-Fos in the PVN, LH, CeA, MeA, and Cg/RS, while leaving the BLA and PVT unaffected.	Nicotine	0-8	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	56-61
29999521-6	2018	Numerous anti-obesity and/or antidiabetic agents, such as nicotine, metformin and liraglutide, are known to induce their effects through a modulation of AMPK pathway, either at central or at peripheral levels.	Nicotine	58-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	153-157
17601886-0	2007	Folding, activity and import of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein into mitochondria changed by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	100-108	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	32-70
28972577-4	2018	In this largest-ever GWAS meta-analysis for nicotine dependence and the largest-ever cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis for any smoking phenotype, we reconfirmed the well-known CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 genes and further yielded a novel association in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-189
17601886-6	2007	Mitochondria isolated from steroidogenic tissues or cells, pretreated with nicotine, also reduced the association of StAR with the OMM, but had no effect on the import of signal sequence substituted SCC/N-62StAR.	Nicotine	75-83	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	117-121
17601886-7	2007	The fluorescence emission maximum of StAR was unchanged with nicotine, but StAR"s free energy of unfolding and the surface area (m) increased in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	61-69	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	37-41
17601886-7	2007	The fluorescence emission maximum of StAR was unchanged with nicotine, but StAR"s free energy of unfolding and the surface area (m) increased in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	37-41
30537800-8	2018	Moreover expression of CD11a and CXCR4 after nicotine incubation was upregulated as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis, These data indicated that nicotine by stimulation of inflammatory cytokines induces immune response.	Nicotine	45-53	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	23-28
17601886-7	2007	The fluorescence emission maximum of StAR was unchanged with nicotine, but StAR"s free energy of unfolding and the surface area (m) increased in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	75-79
17601886-8	2007	Nicotine also blocked StAR from proteolysis with trypsin, suggesting that nicotine partially stabilised protein conformation by insertion into the molten globule conformation of StAR.	Nicotine	0-8	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	22-26
30537800-8	2018	Moreover expression of CD11a and CXCR4 after nicotine incubation was upregulated as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis, These data indicated that nicotine by stimulation of inflammatory cytokines induces immune response.	Nicotine	151-159	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	23-28
17601886-8	2007	Nicotine also blocked StAR from proteolysis with trypsin, suggesting that nicotine partially stabilised protein conformation by insertion into the molten globule conformation of StAR.	Nicotine	0-8	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	178-182
17601886-8	2007	Nicotine also blocked StAR from proteolysis with trypsin, suggesting that nicotine partially stabilised protein conformation by insertion into the molten globule conformation of StAR.	Nicotine	74-82	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	22-26
29803914-7	2018	However, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR8 agonists acted as the most effective adjuvants to increase the expression levels of antigen-presenting, costimulatory molecules and production of cytokines by nicotine-exposed DC (nicDC).	Nicotine	189-197	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	9-13
29803914-8	2018	When combined, TLR3 + 8 and TLR4 + 8 synergistically optimized nicDC maturation and IFN-gamma secretion from nicotine-exposed NK (nicNK) during co-cultures.	Nicotine	109-117	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
29941445-8	2018	Nicotine-induced LTD was furthermore inhibited by dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and occluded by D2 receptor agonist.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	50-70
17416741-1	2007	We have previously demonstrated that acute intracerebellar nicotine or N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3-buten-1-amine (RJR-2403), a selective alpha(4)beta(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, dose dependently attenuates Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)THC)-induced ataxia.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	186-191
17561925-3	2007	ir-coi1 plants are male sterile and impaired in JA-elicited direct [nicotine, caffeoylputrescine and trypsin proteinase inhibitor (TPI) activity] and indirect (cis-alpha-bergamotene emission) defense responses; responses not elicited by JA treatment (ethylene production and flower TPI activity) were unaffected.	Nicotine	68-76	coronatine-insensitive 1	Solanum lycopersicum	3-7
17498763-5	2007	Nicotine also significantly upregulated the expression of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase].	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	125-150
17503330-7	2007	We applied our proposed method to a genetics study of four genes that were reported to be associated with nicotine dependence and found significant joint action between CHRNB4 and NTRK2.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-175
29551733-1	2018	Taking into account the rather frequent concomitance of nicotine abuse and stress, we aimed to research memory- and depression-related effects of nicotine administration in combination with chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) in mice and an involvement of the endocannabinoid system through CB1 and CB2 receptors.	Nicotine	146-154	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	296-299
17401441-3	2007	We have now used brain slices to investigate nicotine-induced catecholamine outflow in wild type (WT) and nAChR (beta2 and alpha5) knockout mice for a comparison with rat brain slice preparations.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-111
29551733-5	2018	CB1 receptor ligands decreased antidepressive and cognitive (the latter for CB1 receptor antagonist only) effects of subchronic nicotine administration in stressed mice.	Nicotine	128-136	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	0-3
29551733-5	2018	CB1 receptor ligands decreased antidepressive and cognitive (the latter for CB1 receptor antagonist only) effects of subchronic nicotine administration in stressed mice.	Nicotine	128-136	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	76-79
17525204-12	2007	However, nicotine decreased the endotoxin-induced elevation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, but did not affect IL-10 in the serum and aqueous humor.	Nicotine	9-17	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-180
17525204-12	2007	However, nicotine decreased the endotoxin-induced elevation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, but did not affect IL-10 in the serum and aqueous humor.	Nicotine	9-17	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-222
29551733-7	2018	Regarding the unstressed mice, CB1 and CB2 receptor ligands reversed the antidepressive effects of subchronic nicotine administration, while nicotine, in an ineffective dose, co-administered with CB2 receptor ligands, improved cognition.	Nicotine	110-118	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	31-34
17525204-12	2007	However, nicotine decreased the endotoxin-induced elevation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, but did not affect IL-10 in the serum and aqueous humor.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	243-248
30013455-1	2018	Earlier studies have shown that combination of antibodies to S100 protein and to cannabinoid receptor type 1 in released-active form (Brizantin) may possess anxiolytic properties and decrease nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	192-200	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Mus musculus	61-65
28314679-0	2018	An analysis of the rewarding and aversive associative properties of nicotine in the neonatal quinpirole model: Effects on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).	Nicotine	68-76	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	122-165
17244622-5	2007	Furthermore, expression of cathepsin L with PE resulted in increased amounts of nicotine-induced secretion of (Met)enkephalin.	Nicotine	80-88	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
17244622-5	2007	Furthermore, expression of cathepsin L with PE resulted in increased amounts of nicotine-induced secretion of (Met)enkephalin.	Nicotine	80-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-46
28963785-8	2018	Furthermore, the TTC3 and MUL1 shRNA adenovirus dramatically decreased the Akt ubiquitination and apoptosis induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3	Homo sapiens	17-21
17244622-5	2007	Furthermore, expression of cathepsin L with PE resulted in increased amounts of nicotine-induced secretion of (Met)enkephalin.	Nicotine	80-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
28963785-9	2018	These results indicate that nicotine-induced Akt ubiquitination and degradation occurs through TTC3 and MUL1 and results in a dramatic increase in apoptosis in HUVECs cultured in HG/HF media.	Nicotine	28-36	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3	Homo sapiens	95-99
28857504-0	2018	Persistent histone modifications at the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters following extinction of nicotine-seeking in rats.	Nicotine	89-97	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
29225110-6	2018	Prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure induced oxidative stress, did not affect the mitochondrial functions, increased the monoamine oxidase activity, increased caspase expression and decreased ILK, PSD-95 and GLUR1 expression without affecting the GSK-3beta.	Nicotine	9-17	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	199-205
17291692-0	2007	Neuroprotection afforded by nicotine against oxygen and glucose deprivation in hippocampal slices is lost in alpha7 nicotinic receptor knockout mice.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	109-134
29317611-2	2018	Preclinical research strongly suggests an implication of G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in nicotine addiction and alcohol use disorder.	Nicotine	129-137	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	118-124
17286987-0	2007	Nicotine-induced vascular endothelial growth factor release via the EGFR-ERK pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	17-51
17286987-3	2007	In the present study, we investigated the effects of nicotine, which is one of the important constituents of cigarette smoke, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release, in rat VSMC.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	129-163
17286987-3	2007	In the present study, we investigated the effects of nicotine, which is one of the important constituents of cigarette smoke, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release, in rat VSMC.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
17286987-4	2007	The stimulation of cells with nicotine resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent release of VEGF.	Nicotine	30-38	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
17286987-5	2007	Hexamethonium, an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), inhibited nicotine-induced VEGF release.	Nicotine	84-92	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
17286987-6	2007	We next investigated the mechanisms by which nicotine induces VEGF release in the cells.	Nicotine	45-53	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
17286987-7	2007	The nicotine-induced VEGF release was inhibited by treatment with U0126, a selective inhibitor of MEK, which attenuated the nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	4-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
27558879-0	2018	mGluR2/3 mediates short-term control of nicotine-seeking by acute systemic N-acetylcysteine.	Nicotine	40-48	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	0-6
17286987-7	2007	The nicotine-induced VEGF release was inhibited by treatment with U0126, a selective inhibitor of MEK, which attenuated the nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	124-132	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
17286987-9	2007	Furthermore, AG1478, a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase, inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and VEGF release.	Nicotine	104-112	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
17286987-10	2007	These data suggest that nicotine releases VEGF through nAChR in VSMC.	Nicotine	24-32	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
17286987-11	2007	Moreover, VEGF release induced by nicotine is mediated by an EGFR-ERK pathway in VSMC.	Nicotine	34-42	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
17342254-6	2007	Simultaneous addition of 10(-4) M indomethacin eliminated the effects of nicotine and LPS on ALPase activity, PGE(2) production, and M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	73-81	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	58-66	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	194-197
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	58-66	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	335-340
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	138-146	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	194-197
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	138-146	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	335-340
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	138-146	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	194-197
17342254-8	2007	These results suggest that LPS enhances the production of nicotine-induced PGE(2) by an increase in COX-2 expression in osteoblasts, that nicotine-LPS-induced PGE2 interacts with the osteoblast Ep4 receptor primarily in autocrine or paracrine mode, and that the nicotine-LPS-induced PGE(2) then decreases ALPase activity and increases M-CSF expression.	Nicotine	138-146	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	335-340
17301675-6	2007	In-vivo acute nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) activated Elk-1 in the CA1 area but not in the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	14-22	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
17113070-0	2007	Effects of nicotine and vitamin E on glutathione reductase activity in some rat tissues in vivo and in vitro.	Nicotine	11-19	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	37-58
27558879-12	2018	The finding that N-AC prevents cue-induced nicotine-seeking by stimulating mGluR2/3 might indicate a therapeutic opportunity for acute cue-controlled nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	150-158	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	75-81
17113070-1	2007	Effects of nicotine, and nicotine+vitamin E on glutathione reductase (Glutathione: NADP(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.1.7) activity in the muscle, heart, lungs, testicles, kidney, stomach, brain and liver tissues were investigated in vivo and also in vitro.	Nicotine	25-33	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	47-68
29345720-0	2018	Effects of nicotine administration in rats on MMP2 and VEGF levels in periodontal membrane.	Nicotine	11-19	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
17113070-8	2007	Vitamin E supplementation prevented this nicotine-induced decrease in glutathione reductase activity in liver, lungs, heart, stomach, and kidney.	Nicotine	41-49	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	70-91
17113070-10	2007	In vitro studies were also carried out to elucidate the effects of nicotine and vitamin E on glutathione reductase activity.	Nicotine	67-75	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	93-114
17113070-12	2007	These results show that vitamin E administration generally restores the inactivation of glutathione reductase activity due to nicotine administration in various rat tissues in vivo, and also in vitro.	Nicotine	126-134	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	88-109
29345720-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine reduces MMP production, disrupts collagen synthesis and causes periodontitis.	Nicotine	13-21	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
16341021-4	2006	Prenatal nicotine exposure, which elicits damage to 5HT projections in the cerebral cortex and striatum, produced sex-selective changes in the expression of 5HT(1A) and 5HT2 receptors, along with induction of adenylyl cyclase (AC), leading to sensitization of heterologous inputs operating through this signaling pathway.	Nicotine	9-17	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	157-163
29257196-0	2018	Effect of cigarette smoke extract and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Nicotine	38-46	protein C receptor	Homo sapiens	87-117
16934231-4	2006	Nicotine (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 ng; ICB) markedly attenuated Delta(9)-THC ataxia dose dependently, which was abolished by ICB hexamethonium (5 microg), thus suggesting that the attenuation by nicotine occurred via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	250-255
16934231-9	2006	Additionally, ICB treatment with DHbetaE virtually abolished nicotine-induced attenuation of Delta(9)-THC ataxia that suggested alpha(4)beta(2) as the primary cerebellar nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	170-175
29257196-1	2018	The present study investigated the influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	82-90	protein C receptor	Homo sapiens	136-166
29257196-1	2018	The present study investigated the influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	82-90	protein C receptor	Homo sapiens	168-172
16873411-5	2006	Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded in order to examine whether nicotine was able to regulate induction of long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices from adult anti-NGF transgenic mice (AD 11), a comprehensive animal model of AD, in which cholinergic deficits due to nerve growth factor depletion are accompanied by progressive Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration.	Nicotine	83-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	156-159
16873411-7	2006	The effects of nicotine on WT and AD 11 mice were mediated by both alpha7- and beta2-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	15-23	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	67-84
16901939-3	2006	Here, the patch-clamp technique was used to assess the contribution of alpha7 and beta2-containing (alpha7* and beta2*) nAChRs to nicotine-elicited modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic activity at the network and single-cell level in the immature hippocampus of wild-type (WT), alpha7-/- and beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	130-138	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	71-77
16901939-3	2006	Here, the patch-clamp technique was used to assess the contribution of alpha7 and beta2-containing (alpha7* and beta2*) nAChRs to nicotine-elicited modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic activity at the network and single-cell level in the immature hippocampus of wild-type (WT), alpha7-/- and beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	130-138	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	100-106
16901939-3	2006	Here, the patch-clamp technique was used to assess the contribution of alpha7 and beta2-containing (alpha7* and beta2*) nAChRs to nicotine-elicited modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic activity at the network and single-cell level in the immature hippocampus of wild-type (WT), alpha7-/- and beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	130-138	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	283-302
29257196-4	2018	The effects of CSE (0.5-5%) and nicotine (10-3-10-9 mol/l) on the expression of TM and EPCR in HUVECs were observed.	Nicotine	32-40	protein C receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
16901939-4	2006	We found that alpha7* and beta2* nAChRs were sufficient to modulate nicotine-induced increase in frequency of spontaneously occurring giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs), which are generated at the network level by the synergistic action of glutamate and depolarizing GABA, and thought to play a crucial role in neuronal wiring.	Nicotine	68-76	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	14-20
16901939-7	2006	We found that early in postnatal life alpha7* and beta2* nAChRs exert a fine regional modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission that underlies nicotine-elicited changes in network synchronization.	Nicotine	156-164	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	38-44
28290528-9	2018	We demonstrate for the first time nicotine N-oxidation in human brain, mediated by FMO3 and FMO1, and show that nicotine-N-oxide modulates human alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor activity in vitro.	Nicotine	34-42	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
16968406-5	2006	Pretreatment with low-dose nicotine caused inhibition of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha production, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes.	Nicotine	27-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	76-86
16968406-5	2006	Pretreatment with low-dose nicotine caused inhibition of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha production, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes.	Nicotine	27-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	91-101
16968406-5	2006	Pretreatment with low-dose nicotine caused inhibition of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha production, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes.	Nicotine	27-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	91-101
16968406-5	2006	Pretreatment with low-dose nicotine caused inhibition of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha production, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1alpha and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes.	Nicotine	27-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	91-101
29056353-2	2018	Pharmacological inactivation of GHR-Rs via administration of the drug JMV 2959 attenuates the rewarding/reinforcing effects of several drugs of abuse including alcohol, morphine, amphetamine and nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
16874522-0	2006	Gene-based analysis suggests association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta1 subunit (CHRNB1) and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM1) with vulnerability for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-102
28803192-5	2018	After adjustment for confounders, prenatal nicotine concentration levels were negatively associated with communication (beta=-2.059; p=0.015) and fine motor skills (beta=-2.120; p=0.002) while postnatal nicotine concentration levels were inversely associated with fine motors (beta=-0.124; p=0.004) and problem solving skills (beta=-0.117; p=0.013).	Nicotine	43-51	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	120-127
16835356-0	2006	Beta3 subunits promote expression and nicotine-induced up-regulation of human nicotinic alpha6* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in transfected cell lines.	Nicotine	38-46	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
16835356-12	2006	These data demonstrate that both cell type and the accessory subunit beta3 can play important roles in alpha6* AChR expression, stability, and up-regulation by nicotine.	Nicotine	160-168	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
16980882-6	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine suppressed the expression of CD14, toll-like receptor 4, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, B7.1, and CD40 on monocytes and the production of TNF-alpha, but not interleukin 10, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of LPS.	Nicotine	36-44	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	80-135
28803192-5	2018	After adjustment for confounders, prenatal nicotine concentration levels were negatively associated with communication (beta=-2.059; p=0.015) and fine motor skills (beta=-2.120; p=0.002) while postnatal nicotine concentration levels were inversely associated with fine motors (beta=-0.124; p=0.004) and problem solving skills (beta=-0.117; p=0.013).	Nicotine	43-51	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	165-172
28555334-0	2017	Prenatal nicotine exposure induces HPA axis-hypersensitivity in offspring rats via the intrauterine programming of up-regulation of hippocampal GAD67.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
17085829-8	2006	Ethanol, nicotine, or concurrent intake significantly increases lipid peroxidation in liver, and decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased catalase activity in the kidney.	Nicotine	9-17	catalase isozyme 1	Nicotiana tabacum	151-159
28555334-8	2017	Moreover, prenatal nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of hippocampal glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), accompanied by a decreased methylation ratio within nt -1019 to -689 of the GAD67 promoter, decreased expression of Dnmt1, and an increased GABA content and density of GABAergic neurons.	Nicotine	19-27	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-106
28555334-8	2017	Moreover, prenatal nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of hippocampal glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), accompanied by a decreased methylation ratio within nt -1019 to -689 of the GAD67 promoter, decreased expression of Dnmt1, and an increased GABA content and density of GABAergic neurons.	Nicotine	19-27	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
28555334-8	2017	Moreover, prenatal nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of hippocampal glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), accompanied by a decreased methylation ratio within nt -1019 to -689 of the GAD67 promoter, decreased expression of Dnmt1, and an increased GABA content and density of GABAergic neurons.	Nicotine	19-27	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-197
16887046-4	2006	Additionally, the OPRM1 gene is located in a region showing linkage to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	71-79	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
16887046-6	2006	To investigate whether OPRM1 contributes to the susceptibility of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence, we genotyped 11 SNPs in the gene for 688 Caucasian subjects of lifetime smokers and nonsmokers.	Nicotine	89-97	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
16887046-10	2006	These results suggest that OPRM1 may be involved in smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	75-83	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
16862215-5	2006	The mitogenic effects of nicotine were mediated via the alpha7-nAChR subunit and resulted in enhanced recruitment of E2F1 and Raf-1 on proliferative promoters in NSCLC cell lines and human lung tumors.	Nicotine	25-33	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
16679323-3	2006	Here we found that either treatment of cells with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid or specific disruption of PP2A activity by expression of SV40 small tumor antigen enhanced Bax phosphorylation, whereas C(2)-ceramide, a potent PP2A activator, reduced nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation, suggesting that PP2A may function as a physiological Bax phosphatase.	Nicotine	275-283	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	78-82
16679323-3	2006	Here we found that either treatment of cells with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid or specific disruption of PP2A activity by expression of SV40 small tumor antigen enhanced Bax phosphorylation, whereas C(2)-ceramide, a potent PP2A activator, reduced nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation, suggesting that PP2A may function as a physiological Bax phosphatase.	Nicotine	275-283	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	133-137
16679323-3	2006	Here we found that either treatment of cells with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid or specific disruption of PP2A activity by expression of SV40 small tumor antigen enhanced Bax phosphorylation, whereas C(2)-ceramide, a potent PP2A activator, reduced nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation, suggesting that PP2A may function as a physiological Bax phosphatase.	Nicotine	275-283	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	133-137
16679323-3	2006	Here we found that either treatment of cells with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid or specific disruption of PP2A activity by expression of SV40 small tumor antigen enhanced Bax phosphorylation, whereas C(2)-ceramide, a potent PP2A activator, reduced nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation, suggesting that PP2A may function as a physiological Bax phosphatase.	Nicotine	275-283	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	133-137
16679323-6	2006	Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A/C) suppressed nicotine-stimulated Bax phosphorylation in association with increased apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	65-73	protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	22-44
16679323-6	2006	Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A/C) suppressed nicotine-stimulated Bax phosphorylation in association with increased apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	65-73	protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	46-52
17986837-0	2007	The role of the TPH1 and TPH2 genes for nicotine dependence: a genetic association study in two different age cohorts.	Nicotine	40-48	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
17986837-5	2007	Results yield support for previous findings of an association between the AA genotype of TPH1 779A/C and nicotine status and a tendency for a heterosis effect with respect to the degree of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	105-113	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
17986837-5	2007	Results yield support for previous findings of an association between the AA genotype of TPH1 779A/C and nicotine status and a tendency for a heterosis effect with respect to the degree of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	189-197	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	144-152	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
28974436-3	2017	Four small molecules (nicotine, mannitol, propranolol, caffeine) showed decreased permeability across mucin dispersions, compared to controls, and a greater effect was seen with HFDS than with PGM.	Nicotine	22-30	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	102-107
16485261-4	2006	In this study, we have examined the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on alpha7 and beta2 nAChR subunits in vitro in cell lines and in vivo in mouse striatum.	Nicotine	55-63	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	77-83
16485261-8	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment did not change the localization of nAChRs in endosomes, but caused clustering of alpha7 subunits in SH-EP1-halpha7 cells.	Nicotine	8-16	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	108-114
16612252-9	2006	By contrast, NPY acted less specifically, blocking norepinephrine release triggered by either nicotine or membrane depolarization.	Nicotine	94-102	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	13-16
16463401-4	2006	Our data suggest that activation of nAChRs, quite likely via PKA, increase the activity of the SERT in the PFC and, thereby, can alter 5-HT levels in a region important in the behavioral effects of nicotine and 5-HT.	Nicotine	198-206	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
17275078-1	2007	We have recently reported that mediation of intracerebellar nicotine-induced attenuation of cerebellar delta9-THC ataxia was via the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	145-150
17185196-3	2007	SCC is associated with a lower socioeconomic level with nicotine and alcohol abuse resulting in comorbidities like liver cirrhosis and reduced pulmonary function; in contrast, AEG I is associated with a high socioeconomic level and cardiovascular risk factors.	Nicotine	56-64	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
29172281-0	2017	SNP rs16969968 as a Strong Predictor of Nicotine Dependence and Lung Cancer Risk in a North Indian Population Background: The 15q24-25 loci contain genes (CHRNA5 and CHRNA3) encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptorsubunits.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-172
17331439-0	2007	[Effects of arecoline and nicotine on the expression of hTERT in oral keratinocytes].	Nicotine	26-34	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	56-61
17331439-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of arecoline and nicotine on the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and protein in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (KC).	Nicotine	55-63	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	125-130
17331439-5	2007	Nicotine (0.025 g/L) increased hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC induced by arecoline.	Nicotine	0-8	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	31-36
16601104-6	2006	Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that nicotine stimulation caused an increased recruitment of E2F1 and concomitant dissociation of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) from survivin promoter in A549 cells.	Nicotine	55-63	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
29172281-1	2017	We here determined for the first time the association of genetic variants rs16969968 and rs3743074 inCHRNA5 and CHRNA3, respectively, on nicotine dependence and lung cancer risk in a North Indian population by acase-control approach.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-118
16601104-7	2006	Moreover, ablation of E2F1 levels caused abrogation of the protective effects of nicotine against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells whereas ablation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 levels had no effect.	Nicotine	81-89	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
16452470-0	2006	Prolonged activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein and ATF-2 needed for nicotine-triggered elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	83-91	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-61
16452470-1	2006	Phosphorylation (P-) of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) by protein kinase A or mitogen-activated protein kinases was implicated in mediating the increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression after prolonged exposure to nicotine in vivo and in cell culture.	Nicotine	238-246	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-61
16452470-1	2006	Phosphorylation (P-) of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) by protein kinase A or mitogen-activated protein kinases was implicated in mediating the increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression after prolonged exposure to nicotine in vivo and in cell culture.	Nicotine	238-246	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
16354790-4	2006	Nicotine reduced the guanidinium-soluble amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) levels by 46 to 66%, whereas the intracellular Abeta levels remained unchanged.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	63-68
16354790-5	2006	Treatment with nicotine also resulted in less glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes around the plaques, increased levels of synaptophysin, and increased number of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the cortex of APPswe transgenic mice.	Nicotine	15-23	synaptophysin	Mus musculus	144-157
17331439-8	2007	hTERT over-expression induced by arecoline and nicotine may play an important role in the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis.	Nicotine	47-55	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	0-5
17085484-0	2006	Haplotype spanning TTC12 and ANKK1, flanked by the DRD2 and NCAM1 loci, is strongly associated to nicotine dependence in two distinct American populations.	Nicotine	98-106	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
17085484-0	2006	Haplotype spanning TTC12 and ANKK1, flanked by the DRD2 and NCAM1 loci, is strongly associated to nicotine dependence in two distinct American populations.	Nicotine	98-106	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
16354790-8	2006	In conclusion, galantamine, memantine, and nicotine have different interactions with Abeta processes, alpha7 nAChRs, and NMDA receptors in APPswe mice.	Nicotine	43-51	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	85-90
28849146-12	2017	Nicotine also upregulated the level of TTC3 mRNA (P&lt;0.05) and the protein level of Akt, and cell viability was recovered by TTC3 siRNA.	Nicotine	0-8	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
16266722-0	2006	Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the formation of osteoclast-like cells by increasing macrophage colony-stimulating factor and prostaglandin E2 production by osteoblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	95-131
16266722-2	2006	The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of nicotine and LPS on the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in osteoblasts, and the indirect effect of nicotine and LPS on the formation of osteoclast-like cells.	Nicotine	60-68	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	98-134
28849146-12	2017	Nicotine also upregulated the level of TTC3 mRNA (P&lt;0.05) and the protein level of Akt, and cell viability was recovered by TTC3 siRNA.	Nicotine	0-8	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
16266722-2	2006	The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of nicotine and LPS on the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in osteoblasts, and the indirect effect of nicotine and LPS on the formation of osteoclast-like cells.	Nicotine	60-68	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	136-141
16266722-7	2006	M-CSF and PGE2 expression increased markedly in cells cultured with nicotine and LPS compared with those cultured with nicotine alone.	Nicotine	68-76	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28849146-13	2017	In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that nicotine induced H9C2 cell apoptosis via Akt protein degradation, which may be mediated by TTC3.	Nicotine	51-59	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
16266722-7	2006	M-CSF and PGE2 expression increased markedly in cells cultured with nicotine and LPS compared with those cultured with nicotine alone.	Nicotine	119-127	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28958601-1	2017	An increasing number of studies over the past few years have demonstrated ghrelin"s role in alcohol, cocaine and nicotine abuse.	Nicotine	113-121	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	74-81
16266722-9	2006	The conditioned medium containing M-CSF and PGE2 produced by nicotine and LPS-treated Saos-2 cells with soluble RANKL increased the TRAP staining of osteoclast precursors compared with that produced by nicotine treatment alone.	Nicotine	61-69	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
16266722-9	2006	The conditioned medium containing M-CSF and PGE2 produced by nicotine and LPS-treated Saos-2 cells with soluble RANKL increased the TRAP staining of osteoclast precursors compared with that produced by nicotine treatment alone.	Nicotine	202-210	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
16266722-10	2006	These results suggest that nicotine and LPS stimulate the formation of osteoclast-like cells via an increase in M-CSF and PGE2 production and that the stimulation is greater than with nicotine treatment alone.	Nicotine	27-35	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
29027939-3	2017	The nicotine component of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was separated, purified, and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), splitting CSE into a nicotine section (CSE-N) and nicotine-free section (CSE-O).	Nicotine	4-12	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Homo sapiens	270-275
16553775-0	2006	Reparatory effects of nicotine on NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region of chronically lead-exposed rats.	Nicotine	22-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
16553775-4	2006	(1) Nicotine (1 microm) facilitated the induction of LTP in CA1 by a weak tetanic stimulation (100 Hz, 20 pulses), which does not by itself produce LTP in lead-exposed rats.	Nicotine	4-12	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
16553775-9	2006	(3) Nicotine enhanced PPF in the hippocampal CA1 region, and the nicotine-facilitated LTP in lead-exposed rats was blocked by either d-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, or picrotoxin, an antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors.	Nicotine	4-12	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
28936178-10	2017	Smoking alters thermoregulation, somatosensory, and possibly TRPA1 receptor responsiveness and suggests that accumulated exposure of nicotine by way of cigarette smoke alters oral sensory and vasomotor sensitivity.	Nicotine	133-141	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
16257255-2	2006	The result showed that nicotine could induce surface/soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and endothelial selectin (E-selectin) expression in a time-response decline manner and the peak appeared at 15 min.	Nicotine	23-31	selectin E	Homo sapiens	128-138
16307449-0	2006	Nicotine prevents stress-induced enhancement of long-term depression in hippocampal area CA1: electrophysiological and molecular studies.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
16210393-5	2006	alpha6(*) nAChRs are also regulated in a novel manner, with a decrease in their number after nicotine treatment rather than the increase observed for alpha4(*) nAChRs.	Nicotine	93-101	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-25 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-6
16210393-9	2006	This latter observation coupled with the finding that nicotine protects against nigrostriatal damage suggest that alpha6(*) nAChRs may represent unique targets for neurodegenerative disorders linked to the nigrostriatal system such as Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	54-62	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-25 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	114-120
28766689-7	2017	Moreover, the enhancement of stat3 phosphorylation and decrease of LPS-induced p65 translocation were achieved by nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	114-122	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	79-82
16191443-6	2006	Furthermore, intra-CA1 administration of nicotine (0.5, 0.75 and 1 microg/rat) with an ineffective dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) elicited a significant CPP.	Nicotine	41-49	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
28766689-8	2017	Importantly, nicotine treatment augments the interaction of phosphorylated stat3 and p65, indicating that the inhibitory effect of nicotine on NF-kappaB activation was mediated with protein-protein interactions.	Nicotine	13-21	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	85-88
28766689-8	2017	Importantly, nicotine treatment augments the interaction of phosphorylated stat3 and p65, indicating that the inhibitory effect of nicotine on NF-kappaB activation was mediated with protein-protein interactions.	Nicotine	131-139	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	85-88
17105432-4	2006	Recently, various compounds such as curcumin, nicotine and wine-related polyphenols have been reported to inhibit the formation, extension of fAbeta, as well as destabilize preformed fAbeta at pH 7.5 at 37 degrees C in vitro.	Nicotine	46-54	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Mus musculus	142-148
28440100-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of nicotine significantly aggravated TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice through enhancing TGF-beta secretion and TAA-induced oxidative stress.	Nicotine	36-44	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	125-133
17105432-4	2006	Recently, various compounds such as curcumin, nicotine and wine-related polyphenols have been reported to inhibit the formation, extension of fAbeta, as well as destabilize preformed fAbeta at pH 7.5 at 37 degrees C in vitro.	Nicotine	46-54	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Mus musculus	183-189
28892072-4	2017	Further, Neuregulin3 has recently been shown to associate with nicotine withdrawal in a behavioral mouse model.	Nicotine	63-71	neuregulin 3	Mus musculus	9-20
16245069-3	2005	Nicotine decreased numbers of PSA-NCAM(+) and NeuN(+) cells dose-dependently.	Nicotine	0-8	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
29038792-0	2017	Neuroanatomical Relationships between Orexin/Hypocretin-Containing Neurons/Nerve Fibers and Nicotine-Induced c-Fos-Activated Cells of the Reward-Addiction Neurocircuitry.	Nicotine	92-100	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-44
16248884-7	2005	In addition, DCP-LA (100 nM) increased the rate of nicotine-triggered GABA(A) receptor-mediated miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents, monitored from CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slices, and the effect was also inhibited by GF109203X or alpha-bungarotoxin but not by mecamylamine.	Nicotine	51-59	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
29038792-0	2017	Neuroanatomical Relationships between Orexin/Hypocretin-Containing Neurons/Nerve Fibers and Nicotine-Induced c-Fos-Activated Cells of the Reward-Addiction Neurocircuitry.	Nicotine	92-100	hypocretin	Mus musculus	45-55
16235957-0	2005	Synthesis of C-4 substituted nicotine derivatives via an N-acylpyridinium salt of (S)-nicotine.	Nicotine	29-37	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-16
29038792-1	2017	Orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons in lateral hypothalamus (LH) are implicated in the neurobiology of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	104-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
16235957-0	2005	Synthesis of C-4 substituted nicotine derivatives via an N-acylpyridinium salt of (S)-nicotine.	Nicotine	82-94	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-16
29038792-1	2017	Orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons in lateral hypothalamus (LH) are implicated in the neurobiology of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	104-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	7-17
16235957-2	2005	Addition of a cuprate reagent to an N-acylpyridinium salt of nicotine, followed by aromatization with elemental sulfur, afforded C-4 substituted nicotines in moderate to high yield.	Nicotine	61-69	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	129-132
28342135-0	2017	PACAP Protects Against Ethanol and Nicotine Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells: Implications for Drinking-Smoking Co-morbidity.	Nicotine	35-43	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15946696-7	2005	ALPase activity as well as type I collagen and osteopontin expression also decreased in the presence of nicotine after 5, 10, and 14 days of culture, respectively.	Nicotine	104-112	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	47-58
15983034-6	2005	When p53 expression is suppressed by introducing E6, persistent exposure to nicotine enables dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification in the presence of methotrexate (MTX) and the formation of the MTX-resistant colonies.	Nicotine	76-84	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
28342135-5	2017	The aim of this study was to investigate whether PACAP may also protect against toxicity induced by high alcohol, high nicotine, or the combination of low alcohol and nicotine concentrations, and if so, whether this effect was mediated via PAC1 receptor.	Nicotine	119-127	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
15983034-11	2005	Under p53-deficient conditions, the establishment of a full oncogenic transformation, in response to long term nicotine exposure, is achieved through the cooperation of multiple signaling pathways.	Nicotine	111-119	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
28342135-5	2017	The aim of this study was to investigate whether PACAP may also protect against toxicity induced by high alcohol, high nicotine, or the combination of low alcohol and nicotine concentrations, and if so, whether this effect was mediated via PAC1 receptor.	Nicotine	167-175	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
28342135-7	2017	Results indicate that PACAP blocks toxicity induced by high alcohol and high nicotine as well as their combination at low concentrations.	Nicotine	77-85	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
28342135-10	2017	These findings suggest possible beneficial effects of PACAP in preventing alcohol and nicotine toxicity and that calcium contributes to the damage induced by combination of low alcohol and nicotine in SH-SY5Y cells.	Nicotine	86-94	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
15925141-1	2005	Diverse physiological and pathological effects of nicotine, including the alteration of body temperature, are presumably mediated by neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	142-175
28644870-8	2017	Histopathological analysis and the expression level of the pro-angiogenic genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) revealed that chronic nicotine administration enhanced alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization.	Nicotine	182-190	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	126-152
15925141-1	2005	Diverse physiological and pathological effects of nicotine, including the alteration of body temperature, are presumably mediated by neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	177-182
15925141-2	2005	Previous studies have suggested the involvement of distinct nAChR subunits in nicotine-induced thermoregulation.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
15925141-7	2005	These findings suggest the involvement of the beta4 nAChR subunit in both core body temperature homeostasis and nicotine-elicited thermo-alterations in mice.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	52-57
15723228-0	2005	Tolerance to nicotine in mice lacking alpha7 nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-44
15964536-5	2005	(D) The effects of nicotine (0.05 and 0.5 microg/mL) were monitored on leptin secretion and mRNA levels in a human placental cell line (BeWo) expressing leptin, a murine adipocyte cell line (3T3-L1) and human adipose tissue explants.	Nicotine	19-27	leptin	Homo sapiens	71-77
28644870-8	2017	Histopathological analysis and the expression level of the pro-angiogenic genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) revealed that chronic nicotine administration enhanced alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization.	Nicotine	182-190	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	154-158
15964536-12	2005	Nicotine might indirectly reduce leptin secretion via enhanced plasma catecholamine concentration.	Nicotine	0-8	leptin	Homo sapiens	33-39
28659770-9	2017	Our results support the view that DYT1 models are associated with abnormal striatal cholinergic transmission, and that the DYT1 KI animals have enhanced sensitivity to nicotine.	Nicotine	168-176	torsin family 1, member A (torsin A)	Mus musculus	123-127
28576119-14	2017	Nicotine also stimulated fibroblast proliferation via MEK-1/ERK, unveiling a potentially amplifying pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Mus musculus	54-59
28559549-10	2017	Furthermore, re-exposure to the nicotine-associated context in adult rats led to a decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) mRNA expression in the ventral tegmental area, an effect that leads to increased alcohol consumption, as we have previously reported.	Nicotine	32-40	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	95-138
28559549-10	2017	Furthermore, re-exposure to the nicotine-associated context in adult rats led to a decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) mRNA expression in the ventral tegmental area, an effect that leads to increased alcohol consumption, as we have previously reported.	Nicotine	32-40	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
28559549-11	2017	Our findings suggest that retrieval of nicotine-associated contextual memories from adolescence may gate alcohol intake in adulthood, with a possible involvement of GDNF.	Nicotine	39-47	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
28258105-12	2017	CSE and nicotine-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen content were mediated through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and were dependent on PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and reduced p38-MAPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	8-16	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	190-193
28177698-8	2017	Nicotine induced high levels of liver enzymes, TGF-beta1, VCAM-1, and dyslipidemia with histopathological changes in the lung and liver.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
28177698-9	2017	ALA administration along with nicotine attenuated oxidative stress and normalized the SOD and GSH levels, ameliorated dyslipidemia, and improved TGF-beta1 and VCAM-1 with better histopathology of the lung and liver.	Nicotine	30-38	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-165
28235547-9	2017	These findings indicate that the nAChRs (predominantly with the alpha2/beta2 complex) are affected by IHH in critical hippocampal and brainstem nuclei during early brain development, and that pre-exposure to nicotine alters the pattern of susceptibility to IHH.	Nicotine	208-216	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	71-76
17102878-1	2006	The first regioselective C-4 lithiation of (S)-nicotine has been realized using TMSCH2Li as basic reagent in toluene.	Nicotine	43-55	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	25-28
17102878-3	2006	The 4-chloro derivative was subsequently metallated at C-5 with the same basic reagent in THF at -78 degrees C. This methodology opens a straightforward access to functional diversity in (S)-nicotine chemistry.	Nicotine	191-199	complement C5	Homo sapiens	55-58
17151781-2	2006	Recently, we showed that nicotine affected mineralized nodule formation, and that nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulated the formation of osteoclast-like cells by increasing production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by human osteoblastic Saos-2 cells.	Nicotine	82-90	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	192-228
28243714-10	2017	Synaptosomal glutamate mGluR5 and dopamine D4 receptor expression were reduced during chronic nicotine but increased during withdrawal, potentially contributing to cognitive deficits.	Nicotine	94-102	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	23-29
17151781-2	2006	Recently, we showed that nicotine affected mineralized nodule formation, and that nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulated the formation of osteoclast-like cells by increasing production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by human osteoblastic Saos-2 cells.	Nicotine	82-90	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	230-235
17151781-4	2006	We also examined the effect of the nicotine antagonist D-tubocurarine on nicotine-induced expression of MMP-1.	Nicotine	35-43	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
28496430-11	2017	Both nicotine and carbachol induced intracellular Ca2+ transients in trigeminal neurons partially overlapping with expression of capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 receptors.	Nicotine	5-13	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
17151781-4	2006	We also examined the effect of the nicotine antagonist D-tubocurarine on nicotine-induced expression of MMP-1.	Nicotine	73-81	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
17151781-7	2006	Nicotine treatment caused expression of MMP-1, 2, 3, and 13, but not MMP-14, to increase significantly after 5 or 10 d of culture; MMP-14 expression did not change through day 14.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	40-51
17151781-8	2006	Enhancement of MMP-1 expression by nicotine treatment was eliminated by simultaneous treatment with D-tubocurarine.	Nicotine	35-43	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
17151781-9	2006	In the presence of nicotine, expression of uPA, PAI-1, or TIMP-1, 2, 3, or 4 did not change over 14 d of culture, whereas expression of tPA increased significantly by day 7.	Nicotine	19-27	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
28306606-0	2017	Spinal microglial P2X4 receptor-brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling regulates nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.	Nicotine	86-94	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	18-31
17151781-11	2006	These results suggest that nicotine stimulates bone matrix turnover by increasing production of tPA and MMP-1, 2, 3, and 13, thereby tipping the balance between bone matrix formation and resorption toward the latter process.	Nicotine	27-35	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	104-123
16570269-8	2006	Nicotine induced the methylation of FHIT gene and attenuated Fhit protein in association with increased expression of DNMT3a.	Nicotine	0-8	DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	118-124
27737762-0	2017	CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Mediate Cognitive Deficits and Structural Plasticity Changes During Nicotine Withdrawal.	Nicotine	94-102	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	0-3
16316479-0	2006	Nicotine blocks stress-induced impairment of spatial memory and long-term potentiation of the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
16316479-7	2006	Extracellular recordings from the CA1 region of anaesthetized rats showed severe reduction of LTP magnitude in stressed rats, which was normalized in nicotine-treated stressed rats.	Nicotine	150-158	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
16739166-7	2006	Double labeling studies showed that nicotine induced c-fos expression within CRF cells in the PVN, as well as in a small population of ENK cells, but not in PVN DYN cells.	Nicotine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
16739166-8	2006	In contrast, there was no significant nicotine-induced increase in c-fos expression in CEA CRF or DYN cells, whereas nicotine treatment did increase c-fos expression within CEA ENK cells.	Nicotine	117-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
16763966-0	2006	Nicotine metabolizing genes GSTT1 and CYP1A1 in sudden infant death syndrome.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	38-44
27737762-3	2017	METHODS: We investigated in mice the role of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) in memory impairment and spine density changes induced by nicotine withdrawal precipitated by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	137-145	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	45-48
27737762-5	2017	RESULTS: Memory impairment during nicotine withdrawal was blocked by the CB1R antagonist rimonabant or the genetic deletion of CB1R in forebrain gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons (GABA-CB1R).	Nicotine	34-42	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	73-77
16792571-10	2006	Intracerebellar pretreatment with hexamethonium, a nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonist, significantly blocked nicotine-induced attenuation of ethanol ataxia suggesting participation of nAChRs.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	71-76
27737762-5	2017	RESULTS: Memory impairment during nicotine withdrawal was blocked by the CB1R antagonist rimonabant or the genetic deletion of CB1R in forebrain gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons (GABA-CB1R).	Nicotine	34-42	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	127-131
16805793-2	2006	Nicotine produced time (&gt; 12 h)- and concentration (EC(50) 3.6 and 13 microm)-dependent increases in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 levels by approximately 125 and 105%, without altering cell surface density of insulin receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin receptor substrate 1	Bos taurus	104-138
27737762-5	2017	RESULTS: Memory impairment during nicotine withdrawal was blocked by the CB1R antagonist rimonabant or the genetic deletion of CB1R in forebrain gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons (GABA-CB1R).	Nicotine	34-42	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	127-131
16805793-2	2006	Nicotine produced time (&gt; 12 h)- and concentration (EC(50) 3.6 and 13 microm)-dependent increases in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 levels by approximately 125 and 105%, without altering cell surface density of insulin receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin	Bos taurus	104-111
27737762-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: These findings underline the interest of CB1R as a target to improve cognitive performance during early nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	117-125	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	54-58
28187919-10	2017	Taken together these data first demonstrate that a D3R-nAChR heteromer is present in DA neurons and represents the functional unit mediating the neurotrophic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	169-177	dopamine receptor D3	Mus musculus	51-54
16622038-0	2006	Differential regulation of mesolimbic alpha 3/alpha 6 beta 2 and alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor sites and function after long-term oral nicotine to monkeys.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	80-112
16622038-6	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment, which led to plasma nicotine levels in the range of smokers, significantly increased nucleus accumbens alpha4beta2* nAChR sites and function compared with control.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	144-149
16622038-6	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment, which led to plasma nicotine levels in the range of smokers, significantly increased nucleus accumbens alpha4beta2* nAChR sites and function compared with control.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	144-149
16622038-8	2006	Thus, these data are distinct from previous results in striatum in which the same nicotine treatment paradigm decreased striatal alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR sites and function.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	149-154
16622038-9	2006	The finding that long-term nicotine treatment selectively modulates alpha4beta2* and not alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR expression in primate nucleus accumbens is consistent with the results of studies in nicotinic receptor mutant mice implicating the alpha4beta2* nAChR subtype in nicotine-mediated addiction.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	109-114
28361496-19	2017	There was moderate-quality evidence (downgraded due to imprecision) of a benefit of counselling when all participants received pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement therapy) (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.51; 6 studies, 2662 participants; I2 = 0%).	Nicotine	144-152	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	175-179
16622038-9	2006	The finding that long-term nicotine treatment selectively modulates alpha4beta2* and not alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR expression in primate nucleus accumbens is consistent with the results of studies in nicotinic receptor mutant mice implicating the alpha4beta2* nAChR subtype in nicotine-mediated addiction.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	260-265
27784625-6	2017	Chronic nicotine exposure causes enhanced GluN2B-NMDAR responses via Src upregulation and recruits Fyn for the enhancement of GluN2A-NMDAR responses.	Nicotine	8-16	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
16631212-7	2006	However, in mice given nicotine via drinking fluid although striatal fosB and c-fos were activated by nicotine even after 7-week treatment no evidence of accumulation of long-lived DeltaFosB was found suggesting perhaps a species difference or more likely a role for the manner of administration.	Nicotine	23-31	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	78-83
16631212-7	2006	However, in mice given nicotine via drinking fluid although striatal fosB and c-fos were activated by nicotine even after 7-week treatment no evidence of accumulation of long-lived DeltaFosB was found suggesting perhaps a species difference or more likely a role for the manner of administration.	Nicotine	102-110	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	78-83
27789755-6	2017	These included NACHO, SPDYE11, TCF4, and ZC3H12A, all of which increased PNU-120596-mediated nicotine-dependent calcium flux.	Nicotine	93-101	speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member E11	Homo sapiens	22-29
16631827-0	2006	L-type calcium channel ligands block nicotine-induced signaling to CREB by inhibiting nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	37-45	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
16631827-4	2006	We found that 10microM nicotine and 40mM K(+) both reversibly depolarize SCG neurons to -20mV, sufficient to activate LTCCs and downstream signaling, including induction of nuclear phospho-CREB (pCREB); this induction was blocked by LTCC antagonists.	Nicotine	23-31	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
27789755-6	2017	These included NACHO, SPDYE11, TCF4, and ZC3H12A, all of which increased PNU-120596-mediated nicotine-dependent calcium flux.	Nicotine	93-101	transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
16631827-5	2006	Interestingly, the effects of LTCC antagonists on nicotine-induced signaling to CREB are not mediated by their actions on LTCCs, but rather via inhibition of nAChRs, which prevents nicotine-induced depolarization.	Nicotine	50-58	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
16631827-5	2006	Interestingly, the effects of LTCC antagonists on nicotine-induced signaling to CREB are not mediated by their actions on LTCCs, but rather via inhibition of nAChRs, which prevents nicotine-induced depolarization.	Nicotine	181-189	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
16767415-2	2006	This effect of nicotine has been attributed to activation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-111
16767415-3	2006	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the activation of another nAChR subtype, the central nervous system (CNS) prominent alpha4beta2 receptor, also contributes to the effects of nicotine on sensory gating in DBA/2 mice.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	84-89
16767415-11	2006	However, under conditions where alpha4beta2 receptors are blocked, nicotine still lowers T:C ratios and may improve sensory gating, possibly through the activation of other nAChR subtypes such as alpha7.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	173-178
16025282-5	2005	The technique demonstrates the formation of red colored complexes between nicotine and pyridine and ferro-hemochromes such as hemoglobin, myoglobin and other cytochromes in tissues, giving specimens a natural color.	Nicotine	74-82	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	138-147
27750412-6	2017	Genome-wide association studies in humans have been rapidly advanced; however, unique whole-gene deletion of P450 2A6 was subsequently developed to cover nicotine-related lung cancer risk study.	Nicotine	154-162	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	109-113
15897361-8	2005	In cultured mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, H2O2 and nicotine reduced the mRNA expression and secretion of adiponectin in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	46-54	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	100-111
16806808-0	2006	Nicotine downregulates the l-selectin system that mediates cytotrophoblast emigration from cell columns and attachment to the uterine wall.	Nicotine	0-8	selectin L	Homo sapiens	27-37
27633557-11	2017	Acute nicotine enhances both types of memory via L-type VGCC blockade and via ERK1/2 activation.	Nicotine	6-14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	78-84
16806808-5	2006	These results suggest that nicotine, acting through the l-selectin adhesion system, impairs the development of cell columns that connect the fetal portion of the placenta to the uterus, one possible reason why women who smoke have a much harder time achieving and sustaining pregnancy than their nonsmoking counterparts.	Nicotine	27-35	selectin L	Homo sapiens	56-66
16725127-4	2006	Herein, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatments on the chronic-stress-induced impairment of LTP in area CA1 of the hippocampus of urethane-anesthetized rats.	Nicotine	57-65	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
16725127-5	2006	Extracellular in vivo recording from the hippocampal area CA1 showed that pre-treatment with nicotine (1 mg/kg; sc twice/day for 2 weeks prior to stress) protected LTP from the inhibitory effect of subsequent chronic psychosocial stress (4 additional weeks concurrently with nicotine).	Nicotine	93-101	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
19803911-11	2006	Maternal genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P (CYP)450 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) subfamilies of metabolic genes influence the magnitude of the effect of nicotine exposure on birth outcomes through their influence on nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	168-176	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	64-89
19803911-11	2006	Maternal genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P (CYP)450 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) subfamilies of metabolic genes influence the magnitude of the effect of nicotine exposure on birth outcomes through their influence on nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	168-176	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
19803911-11	2006	Maternal genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P (CYP)450 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) subfamilies of metabolic genes influence the magnitude of the effect of nicotine exposure on birth outcomes through their influence on nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	231-239	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	64-89
19803911-11	2006	Maternal genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P (CYP)450 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) subfamilies of metabolic genes influence the magnitude of the effect of nicotine exposure on birth outcomes through their influence on nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	231-239	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
16452470-3	2006	Treatment of PC12 cells with 200 microm nicotine triggered rapid but transient elevation of P-CREB followed by a second sustained rise after 2-5 h of continuous nicotine.	Nicotine	40-48	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
16452470-6	2006	In contrast, protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 or Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated protein kinase inhibitor KN-93 reduced the nicotine-triggered rise in P-CREB and TH promoter activity.	Nicotine	119-127	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
16452470-11	2006	Knockdown of ATF-2 or CREB with siRNA did not alter basal TH promoter activity or mRNA but greatly attenuated the response to nicotine.	Nicotine	126-134	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
16452470-12	2006	The results suggest that both ATF-2 and CREB mediate activation of TH gene transcription by nicotine.	Nicotine	92-100	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
16450214-4	2006	RESULTS: Membrane-bound PKCalpha, PKCbetaI, and PKCepsilon levels were increased after 6 h hypoxia/aglycemia, and this was attenuated by 24-h nicotine/cotinine exposure.	Nicotine	142-150	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	48-58
16450214-5	2006	Interestingly, membrane-bound PKCgamma protein level was decreased after 6 h hypoxia/aglycemia and increased by 24-h nicotine/cotinine exposure.	Nicotine	117-125	protein kinase C gamma	Homo sapiens	30-38
16021835-9	2005	The decrease in GSH levels and increases in MDA level, MPO activity and collagen contents induced by chronic nicotine administration indicated that tissue injury involves free radical formation.	Nicotine	109-117	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
27617367-11	2016	Nicotine patch with short-acting nicotine-replacement therapy appears safe and increases abstinence versus nicotine-replacement monotherapy (OR=1.63, CrI=1.06, 3.03).	Nicotine	0-8	EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
15795061-0	2005	Maternal exposure of rats to nicotine via infusion during gestation produces neurobehavioral deficits and elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebellum and CA1 subfield in the offspring at puberty.	Nicotine	29-37	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
15795061-12	2005	These results indicate that maternal exposure to nicotine produces significant neurobehavioral deficits, a decrease in the surviving neurons and an increased expression of GFAP in cerebellum and CA1 subfield of hippocampus of the offspring on PND 30 and 60.	Nicotine	49-57	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-198
16191443-8	2006	Moreover mecamylamine (8 microg/rat, intra-CA1) decreased the effect of nicotine-induced potentiation of the morphine response.	Nicotine	72-80	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
27617367-11	2016	Nicotine patch with short-acting nicotine-replacement therapy appears safe and increases abstinence versus nicotine-replacement monotherapy (OR=1.63, CrI=1.06, 3.03).	Nicotine	33-41	EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
16499655-0	2006	Perinatal expression of HSP70 and VEGF in neonatal rat lung vessels exposed to nicotine during gestation.	Nicotine	79-87	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
16499655-0	2006	Perinatal expression of HSP70 and VEGF in neonatal rat lung vessels exposed to nicotine during gestation.	Nicotine	79-87	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
16499655-1	2006	We assessed the influence of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation on perinatal expression of HSP70 and VEGF in rat lung parenchyma and lung vessels.	Nicotine	38-46	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
16499655-1	2006	We assessed the influence of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation on perinatal expression of HSP70 and VEGF in rat lung parenchyma and lung vessels.	Nicotine	38-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
16499655-8	2006	In conclusion, gestational nicotine exposure increased the expression of VEGF and HSP70 in rat lung parenchyma, especially in the airway epithelium and vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	27-35	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
16499655-8	2006	In conclusion, gestational nicotine exposure increased the expression of VEGF and HSP70 in rat lung parenchyma, especially in the airway epithelium and vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	27-35	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
27638450-8	2016	Interestingly, these nocifensive behavior alterations and differential responses to nicotine antinociceptive effects in BTBR mice were associated with significant downregulation of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, beta3, and beta4 nAChR subunits in several cerebral regions both, during embryonic development and adulthood.	Nicotine	84-92	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 3 subunit	Mus musculus	220-225
16868042-2	2006	Both removal of the shoot apex and damage of the youngest unfolded leaves nos 1 and 2 by a comb-like brusher with 720 punctures caused an increase in nicotine concentration in whole plants at day 3, and reached its highest level at day 6.	Nicotine	150-158	putative nitric oxide synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	74-85
27596362-6	2016	Administration of nicotine or caffeine caused a significant (P&lt;0.05) inhibition on AChE, ADA and Arg activities as well as a significant increase in NO level when compared with the control.	Nicotine	18-26	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	86-90
17192639-5	2006	Western blot and autoradiographic analyses indicate that the alpha7 nAChR subunit protein is up-regulated in human brain samples from Alzheimer patients, as well as in animal models of AD (Dineley et al., 2001; Bednar et al., 2002), and might be involved in nicotine-mediated reduction of Abeta1-42 deposition (Hellstrom et al., 2004), although the nature of this relationship remains ill-defined.	Nicotine	258-266	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	61-73
27596362-6	2016	Administration of nicotine or caffeine caused a significant (P&lt;0.05) inhibition on AChE, ADA and Arg activities as well as a significant increase in NO level when compared with the control.	Nicotine	18-26	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	92-95
16413122-3	2006	In this study, intracerebellar nicotine (0.625, 2.5, 5 ng; once daily for five days) significantly attenuated ethanol-induced motor impairment in a dose-dependent fashion suggesting the development of cross-tolerance between nicotine and ethanol in male CD-1 mice.	Nicotine	31-39	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	254-258
27312847-6	2016	Nicotine-induced NET formation is mediated via nicotine acetylcholine receptors, depends on Akt and PAD4 activation, but is Nox2-independent, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 and by use of Nox2-deficient mouse neutrophils.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	124-128
27312847-6	2016	Nicotine-induced NET formation is mediated via nicotine acetylcholine receptors, depends on Akt and PAD4 activation, but is Nox2-independent, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 and by use of Nox2-deficient mouse neutrophils.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	191-195
27312847-6	2016	Nicotine-induced NET formation is mediated via nicotine acetylcholine receptors, depends on Akt and PAD4 activation, but is Nox2-independent, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 and by use of Nox2-deficient mouse neutrophils.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	191-195
27698211-0	2016	Menthol decreases oral nicotine aversion in C57BL/6 mice through a TRPM8-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	23-31	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8	Mus musculus	67-72
27511281-0	2016	alpha4-Containing nicotinic receptors contribute to the effects of perinatal nicotine on ventilatory and metabolic responses of neonatal mice to ambient cooling.	Nicotine	77-85	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-6
27511281-2	2016	The effects of acute nicotine exposure on breathing are largely mediated by alpha4-containing nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).	Nicotine	21-29	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	76-82
26952156-0	2016	Nicotine Induces Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Through TRPC3-Mediated Ca2+/NFAT Signalling Pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
26952156-0	2016	Nicotine Induces Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Through TRPC3-Mediated Ca2+/NFAT Signalling Pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
26952156-8	2016	Knockdown of TRPC3 significantly decreased nicotine-induced SOCE and hypertrophy.	Nicotine	43-51	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
26952156-10	2016	Notably, upregulation of TRPC3 by nicotine requires TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx and calcineurin-NFAT signalling activation.	Nicotine	34-42	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
26952156-10	2016	Notably, upregulation of TRPC3 by nicotine requires TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx and calcineurin-NFAT signalling activation.	Nicotine	34-42	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
26952156-10	2016	Notably, upregulation of TRPC3 by nicotine requires TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx and calcineurin-NFAT signalling activation.	Nicotine	34-42	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
26952156-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the prohypertrophic effect of nicotine on cardiomyocytes is dependent on enhanced TRPC3 expression through a calcium-dependent regulatory loop, which could become a potential target for prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.	Nicotine	73-81	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
27552315-3	2016	The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of nicotine on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrial stromal cells.	Nicotine	53-61	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	107-128
27552315-3	2016	The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of nicotine on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrial stromal cells.	Nicotine	53-61	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	130-132
27552315-6	2016	Real-time PCR data showed that despite decrease in ER expression in the nicotine-treated groups compared with the control, nicotine exerted an increased inhibitory effect on PR expression compared to that on ER expression.	Nicotine	72-80	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	174-176
15926916-5	2005	The purpose of these studies was to clarify the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on the localization of beta2 and alpha7 nAChR subunits in brain areas involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	119-131
15926916-5	2005	The purpose of these studies was to clarify the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on the localization of beta2 and alpha7 nAChR subunits in brain areas involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	168-176	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	119-131
15926916-7	2005	At the end of chronic nicotine treatment the localization of the nAChR subunits was studied in the dorsal striatum and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) by using electron microscopy.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	65-70
15926916-10	2005	In response to chronic nicotine treatment the beta2 and alpha7 nAChR subunit labelling was increased at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites as well as intracellularly.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-68
15926916-11	2005	This suggests that the trafficking of nAChR subunits is increased as a result of chronic nicotine treatment and nAChRs in all parts of neurons could have functional roles in the formation of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-43
15926916-11	2005	This suggests that the trafficking of nAChR subunits is increased as a result of chronic nicotine treatment and nAChRs in all parts of neurons could have functional roles in the formation of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	191-199	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-43
27552315-6	2016	Real-time PCR data showed that despite decrease in ER expression in the nicotine-treated groups compared with the control, nicotine exerted an increased inhibitory effect on PR expression compared to that on ER expression.	Nicotine	123-131	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	174-176
27102349-0	2016	Vulnerability to nicotine self-administration in adolescent mice correlates with age-specific expression of alpha4* nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	17-25	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	108-115
15821440-0	2005	Mediation of the effect of nicotine on Kir6.1 channels by superoxide anion production.	Nicotine	27-35	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	39-45
27102349-5	2016	The most prevalent is the widely expressed alpha4-containing (alpha4*) subtype which mediates reward and is strongly implicated in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	62-69
15821440-2	2005	Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we investigated the interaction of nicotine with the Kir6.1 subunit as well as the underlying mechanism.	Nicotine	79-87	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	97-103
15821440-5	2005	Nicotine at 30 and 100 microM increased Kir6.1 currents by 42 +/- 11.8% and 26.2 +/- 14.6%, respectively (n = 4-6, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	0-8	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	40-46
27102349-10	2016	Receptor expression showed a strong positive correlation with daily nicotine dose, suggesting that alpha4* nAChR expression levels are age-specific and may contribute to the propensity to self-administer nicotine.	Nicotine	68-76	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	99-106
15821440-6	2005	In contrast, nicotine at 1-3 mM inhibited Kir6.1 currents (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	13-21	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	42-48
27102349-10	2016	Receptor expression showed a strong positive correlation with daily nicotine dose, suggesting that alpha4* nAChR expression levels are age-specific and may contribute to the propensity to self-administer nicotine.	Nicotine	204-212	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	99-106
26548452-6	2016	RESULTS: A20 was upregulated in the gingival tissues and neutrophils from patients with periodontitis and in LPS- and nicotine-exposed hPDLCs.	Nicotine	118-126	TNF alpha induced protein 3	Homo sapiens	9-12
15681595-2	2005	The effect of nicotine treatment on nAChR subtypes has been extensively investigated, with the exception of changes in alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive receptor expression.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	36-41
15681595-7	2005	This decline was more robust in older (&gt;8-month-old) compared with younger (2-4-month-old) mice, suggesting age is important for nicotine-induced disruption of nAChR phenotype.	Nicotine	132-140	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	163-168
15681595-8	2005	Immunoprecipitation experiments using nAChR subunit-directed antibodies indicate that alterations in subunit-immunoreactivity with nicotine treatment agree with those in the receptor binding studies.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-43
26548452-7	2016	Pretreatment with A20 overexpression by Ad-A20 markedly attenuated LPS- and nicotine-induced production of prostaglandin E2 , as well as expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and proinflammatory cytokines.	Nicotine	76-84	TNF alpha induced protein 3	Homo sapiens	18-21
15681595-11	2005	These results may explain previous findings that nicotine treatment decreased striatal nAChR-mediated dopamine function, despite an increase in [3H]nicotine (alpha4*) sites.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	87-92
26548452-7	2016	Pretreatment with A20 overexpression by Ad-A20 markedly attenuated LPS- and nicotine-induced production of prostaglandin E2 , as well as expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and proinflammatory cytokines.	Nicotine	76-84	TNF alpha induced protein 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
15681595-12	2005	The present data suggest that the alpha6* nAChR subtype represents a key factor in the control of dopamine release from striatum, which adapts to long-term nicotine treatment by down-regulation of alpha6* receptor sites and function.	Nicotine	156-164	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	34-40
15681595-12	2005	The present data suggest that the alpha6* nAChR subtype represents a key factor in the control of dopamine release from striatum, which adapts to long-term nicotine treatment by down-regulation of alpha6* receptor sites and function.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	42-47
26955970-0	2016	Effects of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition on the Reinforcing Properties of Low-Dose Nicotine.	Nicotine	82-90	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	11-28
15681595-12	2005	The present data suggest that the alpha6* nAChR subtype represents a key factor in the control of dopamine release from striatum, which adapts to long-term nicotine treatment by down-regulation of alpha6* receptor sites and function.	Nicotine	156-164	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	197-203
15857690-4	2005	These results indicate that chronic nicotine treatment up-regulates L-type HVCCs, which is due to increased expression of alpha1 and alpha2/delta1 subunits.	Nicotine	36-44	delta like canonical Notch ligand 1	Mus musculus	122-146
26955970-2	2016	Research suggests that cigarette smoke constituents that inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) may increase the reinforcing value of low doses of nicotine.	Nicotine	140-148	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	65-82
26955970-2	2016	Research suggests that cigarette smoke constituents that inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) may increase the reinforcing value of low doses of nicotine.	Nicotine	140-148	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
26955970-3	2016	The aim of the present experiments was to further characterize the impact of MAO inhibition on the primary reinforcing and reinforcement enhancing effects of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	158-166	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
15635702-1	2005	Recent studies from molecular genetics have suggested an association between the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene and nicotine addiction indicating a dysfunction of the serotonergic (5-HT) system in smoking behavior.	Nicotine	122-130	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	81-105
15635702-1	2005	Recent studies from molecular genetics have suggested an association between the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene and nicotine addiction indicating a dysfunction of the serotonergic (5-HT) system in smoking behavior.	Nicotine	122-130	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
15635702-4	2005	The positive heterosis effects with respect to nicotine addiction and personality support the idea that the TPH1 gene exerts pleiotropic effects.	Nicotine	47-55	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
15810895-13	2005	Taurine supplementation to nicotine-treated animals reversed the contractile dysfunction and restored the endogenous GSH levels and decreased high lipid peroxidation and MPO activities in both tissues.	Nicotine	27-35	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
16430948-10	2006	In contrast, nicotine significantly depressed only P27 and N48.	Nicotine	13-21	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
26955970-6	2016	The results show that (1) tranylcypromine (TCP), a known MAO inhibitor, increases sensitivity to the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, shifting the dose-response curve for nicotine to the left, (2) inhibition of MAO-A, but not MAO-B, increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, (3) partial MAO-A inhibition, to the degree observed in chronic cigarette smokers, also increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, and (4) TCP decreases the threshold nicotine dose required for reinforcement enhancement.	Nicotine	132-140	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
26955970-6	2016	The results show that (1) tranylcypromine (TCP), a known MAO inhibitor, increases sensitivity to the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, shifting the dose-response curve for nicotine to the left, (2) inhibition of MAO-A, but not MAO-B, increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, (3) partial MAO-A inhibition, to the degree observed in chronic cigarette smokers, also increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, and (4) TCP decreases the threshold nicotine dose required for reinforcement enhancement.	Nicotine	132-140	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	219-224
16141602-5	2005	Nicotine and cotinine are glucuronidated to N-glucuronides mainly by UGT1A4 and partly by UGT1A9.	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	69-75
15640613-11	2005	Chronic nicotine treatment decreased the contractile activity of the bladder strips to carbachol and increased lipid peroxidation, MPO levels and tissue collagen content of the bladder and kidney samples.	Nicotine	8-16	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
26955970-6	2016	The results show that (1) tranylcypromine (TCP), a known MAO inhibitor, increases sensitivity to the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, shifting the dose-response curve for nicotine to the left, (2) inhibition of MAO-A, but not MAO-B, increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, (3) partial MAO-A inhibition, to the degree observed in chronic cigarette smokers, also increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, and (4) TCP decreases the threshold nicotine dose required for reinforcement enhancement.	Nicotine	132-140	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	302-307
15853972-0	2005	The up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	95-103	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	21-37
15853972-4	2005	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of HO-1 protein in cultured human gingival fibroblasts in vitro and further to compare HO-1 expression in gingival tissues obtained from cigarette smokers and non-smokers in vivo.	Nicotine	75-83	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
26955970-7	2016	The results of the present experiments suggest cigarette smoke constituents that inhibit MAO-A, in the range seen in chronic smokers, are likely to increase the primary reinforcing and reinforcement enhancing effects of low doses of nicotine.	Nicotine	233-241	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
15853972-6	2005	In addition, antioxidants catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) were added to test how they modulated the effects on nicotine-induced HO-1 expression.	Nicotine	147-155	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
26955970-8	2016	If the FDA reduces the nicotine content of cigarettes, then variability in constituents that inhibit MAO-A could impact smoking.	Nicotine	23-31	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
15853972-8	2005	RESULTS: The exposure of quiescent human gingival fibroblasts to 10 mm nicotine resulted in the induction of HO-1 protein expression in a time-dependent manner (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	71-79	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
15853972-9	2005	The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC inhibited the nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	62-70	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
15620420-0	2005	Nicotine stimulates prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) cells and non-PrRP cells in the solitary nucleus.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	20-47
27025229-2	2016	At this early age, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine is known to critically disrupt rSNA at low concentrations (0.1-0.5muM), which are levels that mimic the blood plasma levels of a fetus following maternal cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Gallus gallus	23-55
15620420-0	2005	Nicotine stimulates prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) cells and non-PrRP cells in the solitary nucleus.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
15620420-3	2005	In the present study, we showed that acute administration of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) could activate prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-bearing neurons in the A2 area of the NTS of rats, suggesting that PrRP may be associated with nicotine-induced effects in the central nervous system (CNS).	Nicotine	61-69	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	102-129
15620420-3	2005	In the present study, we showed that acute administration of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) could activate prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-bearing neurons in the A2 area of the NTS of rats, suggesting that PrRP may be associated with nicotine-induced effects in the central nervous system (CNS).	Nicotine	61-69	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
15620420-3	2005	In the present study, we showed that acute administration of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) could activate prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-bearing neurons in the A2 area of the NTS of rats, suggesting that PrRP may be associated with nicotine-induced effects in the central nervous system (CNS).	Nicotine	61-69	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
15620420-3	2005	In the present study, we showed that acute administration of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) could activate prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-bearing neurons in the A2 area of the NTS of rats, suggesting that PrRP may be associated with nicotine-induced effects in the central nervous system (CNS).	Nicotine	232-240	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	102-129
15620420-3	2005	In the present study, we showed that acute administration of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) could activate prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-bearing neurons in the A2 area of the NTS of rats, suggesting that PrRP may be associated with nicotine-induced effects in the central nervous system (CNS).	Nicotine	232-240	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
15620420-6	2005	Immunocytochemical studies revealed that PrRP-bearing neurons in the NTS were evidently activated after chronic administration of nicotine, suggesting that PrRP was involved in the regulation of nicotine-mediated body weight loss and food intake suppression in rats.	Nicotine	130-138	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
15620420-6	2005	Immunocytochemical studies revealed that PrRP-bearing neurons in the NTS were evidently activated after chronic administration of nicotine, suggesting that PrRP was involved in the regulation of nicotine-mediated body weight loss and food intake suppression in rats.	Nicotine	130-138	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
15620420-6	2005	Immunocytochemical studies revealed that PrRP-bearing neurons in the NTS were evidently activated after chronic administration of nicotine, suggesting that PrRP was involved in the regulation of nicotine-mediated body weight loss and food intake suppression in rats.	Nicotine	195-203	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
15620420-6	2005	Immunocytochemical studies revealed that PrRP-bearing neurons in the NTS were evidently activated after chronic administration of nicotine, suggesting that PrRP was involved in the regulation of nicotine-mediated body weight loss and food intake suppression in rats.	Nicotine	195-203	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
15620420-7	2005	We also found that acute/chronic administration of nicotine activated PrRP-negative neurons in the NTS, and the majority of these neurons were shown to be TH-negative, suggesting that noncatecholaminergic, PrRP-negative neurons in the NTS are associated with the roles of nicotine.	Nicotine	51-59	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
15620420-7	2005	We also found that acute/chronic administration of nicotine activated PrRP-negative neurons in the NTS, and the majority of these neurons were shown to be TH-negative, suggesting that noncatecholaminergic, PrRP-negative neurons in the NTS are associated with the roles of nicotine.	Nicotine	51-59	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	206-210
15620420-10	2005	The immunocytochemical results showed that nicotine/stress and saline/stress both activated the majority of the PrRP neurons in the NTS, there being no significant difference between the two treatments (p&gt;0.05).	Nicotine	43-51	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
15620420-11	2005	Nicotine/stress also greatly activated PrRP/TH-negative neurons in the NTS.	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
15620420-13	2005	In addition, the activation effect of nicotine/stress on PrRP/TH-negative neurons was much stronger than that of nicotine alone (p&lt;0.01).	Nicotine	38-46	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
15620420-13	2005	In addition, the activation effect of nicotine/stress on PrRP/TH-negative neurons was much stronger than that of nicotine alone (p&lt;0.01).	Nicotine	113-121	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
15620420-15	2005	On the other hand, nicotine and restraint stress may synergistically activate PrRP/TH-negative neurons in the NTS.	Nicotine	19-27	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
15853972-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that HO-1 expression is significantly up-regulated in gingival tissues from cigarette smokers, and nicotine may, among other constituents, be responsible for the enhanced HO-1 expression in vivo.	Nicotine	150-158	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	222-226
15853972-14	2005	The regulation of HO-1 expression induced by nicotine is critically dependent on the intracellular GSH concentration.	Nicotine	45-53	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
15857624-5	2005	PTZ kindled animals mainly showed increased Fos IR in limbic regions, whereas Fos IR in nicotine kindled animals was increased in the entorhinal cortex, medial habenula and the compact part of substantia nigra.	Nicotine	88-96	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	78-81
15857624-8	2005	In conclusion, repeated administration of nicotine can induce a kindling-like phenomenon and the model showed significantly different Fos IR pattern and pharmacology to that of PTZ kindling.	Nicotine	42-50	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	134-137
15935216-6	2005	The chronic nicotine treatment also resulted, after 2 days of continuous administration in significant activation of the transcription factor CREB and the ERK/MAPK survival kinase in the Hb, suggesting that these alterations in expression are in some way related to the neurodegenerative/neuroreparative process.	Nicotine	12-20	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
15896732-0	2005	Nicotine physical dependence in the mouse: involvement of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtype.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-87
15896732-5	2005	These results indicate that the alpha7 nicotinic receptor subunit may mediate some aspects of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-57
15908742-5	2005	Nicotine was repeatedly infused at rising doses (50-200 microg/kg) to intact (CTR) animals and to rats chronically administered with nicotine in their drinking water (NIC).	Nicotine	0-8	calcitonin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
15620420-16	2005	Taken together, our data show that PrRP is involved in the nicotine-induced regulation of body weight and food intake, but may not be involved in the mediation of nicotine on stress responses.	Nicotine	59-67	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
15620420-17	2005	PrRP/TH-negative neurons in the NTS are also associated with the roles of nicotine in the CNS.	Nicotine	74-82	prolactin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
27025229-2	2016	At this early age, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine is known to critically disrupt rSNA at low concentrations (0.1-0.5muM), which are levels that mimic the blood plasma levels of a fetus following maternal cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Gallus gallus	57-62
26867505-9	2016	Nicotine-induced depotentiation occurred without dephosphorylation of the Ser-845 and in the presence of a caspase-3 inhibitor.	Nicotine	0-8	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
15738419-7	2005	We propose that the underlying mechanisms of nicotine"s detrimental side effects on a range of crucial defensive reflexes involve loss of function of nAChR subtypes, possibly via activity-dependent desensitization.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	150-155
15709053-9	2005	Prenatal nicotine exposure significantly decreased levels of elastin content in the lungs of offspring, and these effects were slightly attenuated by vitamin C.	Nicotine	9-17	ELN	Macaca mulatta	61-68
26149611-2	2016	The prototypical mGluR2/3 agonist, LY379268, has been shown to attenuate nicotine reinforcement and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in rats, as well as reinstatement induced by drug-associated stimuli and contexts across different drugs of abuse (i.e., cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine).	Nicotine	73-81	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	17-23
15821440-10	2005	Tempol also abolished the stimulatory effect of 30 muM nicotine on Kir6.1 currents.	Nicotine	55-63	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	67-73
15821440-11	2005	In conclusion, nicotine stimulates Kir6.1 channel at least in part through the production of O2.	Nicotine	15-23	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
15608128-0	2005	Human cytochrome p450 2s1: lack of activity in the metabolic activation of several cigarette smoke carcinogens and in the metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily S member 1	Homo sapiens	6-25
15548217-7	2004	c-Fos was decreased in the caudate putamen and the dentate gyrus after mecamylamine precipitated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	97-105	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	0-5
15272042-0	2004	Persistent decrease in synaptic efficacy induced by nicotine at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the immature rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	52-60	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
15334606-0	2004	Modulation of CREB expression and phosphorylation in the rat nucleus accumbens during nicotine exposure and withdrawal.	Nicotine	86-94	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
15334606-2	2004	To understand the molecular mechanisms of nicotine addiction, the present investigation examined the effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment and its withdrawal on cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein expression and phosphorylation (serine-133) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) structures of rats.	Nicotine	130-138	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-202
15334606-2	2004	To understand the molecular mechanisms of nicotine addiction, the present investigation examined the effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment and its withdrawal on cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein expression and phosphorylation (serine-133) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) structures of rats.	Nicotine	130-138	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
15608128-6	2005	In the present study, we examined the activity of human CYP2S1 in the metabolism of nicotine and in the activation of three potent carcinogens in cigarette smoke, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP).	Nicotine	84-92	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily S member 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
15551346-5	2005	Nicotine and NS398 co-administration abolished the NS398-related effect on nAChR alpha4 retention.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	75-80
15579462-3	2005	Two subunits, ACC-1 and ACC-2, form homomeric channels for which acetylcholine and arecoline, but not nicotine, are efficient agonists.	Nicotine	102-110	Acetylcholine-gated chloride channel subunit acc-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	14-19
15356218-5	2005	In oocytes expressing various neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptors (nAChR), dextrometorphan and dextrorphan blocked nicotine activation of expressed alpha(3)beta(4), alpha(4)beta(2), and alpha(7) subtypes with a small degree of selectivity.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-79
26864774-4	2016	OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore the mechanism of action of the inhibitor of FAAH activity, URB597, on relapse to nicotine seeking by evaluating the effect of the CB1R, CB2R, and PPARalpha antagonists on the attenuating effect of URB597 on cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rats.	Nicotine	273-281	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
15334606-4	2004	On the other hand, 18-hr withdrawal after chronic nicotine exposure produced significant reductions in the total CREB and p-CREB protein levels in the shell but not in core structures of nac.	Nicotine	50-58	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
15334606-4	2004	On the other hand, 18-hr withdrawal after chronic nicotine exposure produced significant reductions in the total CREB and p-CREB protein levels in the shell but not in core structures of nac.	Nicotine	50-58	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
15334606-5	2004	interestingly, nicotine withdrawal (1 hr) after chronic exposure maintained normal levels of total CREB and p-CREB protein levels in the shell and core structures of NAc.	Nicotine	15-23	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
15334606-5	2004	interestingly, nicotine withdrawal (1 hr) after chronic exposure maintained normal levels of total CREB and p-CREB protein levels in the shell and core structures of NAc.	Nicotine	15-23	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
15617730-9	2005	These results suggest a possible interaction of corticosterone and nicotine at the level of the alpha4- and alpha7-type nAChR in the regulation of PPI.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	120-125
26864774-7	2016	Since FAAH inhibition represent a novel and promising strategy for tobacco smoking cessation, dissecting how it produces its action may lead to a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	212-220	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
15334606-6	2004	These results suggest the possibility that decreased CREB activity in the shell of NAc may be associated with abnormal reward mechanisms during nicotine withdrawal after chronic exposure.	Nicotine	144-152	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
27200055-4	2016	Of the proteins identified, calreticulin and auxin-responsive protein indole acetic acid (IAA9) were involved in the secondary growth of roots; leucine-rich repeat disease resistance, heat shock protein 70, and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 were involved in the wounding stress response; and F-box protein played an important role in promoting the ability of nicotine synthesis after topping.	Nicotine	363-371	heat shock 70 kDa protein	Nicotiana tabacum	184-205
15147304-0	2004	Nicotine reduces A beta in the brain and cerebral vessels of APPsw mice.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	17-23
15147304-1	2004	Ten days treatment with nicotine reduced insoluble amyloid A beta 1-40 and Alpha beta 1-42 peptides by 80% in the cortex of 9-month-old APPsw mice, which is more than that observed in 14.5-month-old mice following nicotine treatment for 5.5 months.	Nicotine	24-32	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	59-65
15147304-6	2004	Both these observations suggest that the reduction in insoluble A beta by nicotine might be in part mediated via the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor.	Nicotine	74-82	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	64-70
15147304-6	2004	Both these observations suggest that the reduction in insoluble A beta by nicotine might be in part mediated via the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	117-143
16113472-8	2005	Exposure to nicotine may also increase plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (a major regulator of fibrinolysis), although the extent to which nicotine enhances coagulation is unresolved.	Nicotine	12-20	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	39-72
15588326-11	2004	In contrast, nicotine could activate p42/44 in airway fibroblasts within five minutes of exposure.	Nicotine	13-21	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	37-40
26786889-7	2016	These results suggest that nicotine inhibits the expression of TSLP by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB through the alpha7 nAChR-PI3K-AMPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	27-35	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	63-67
14972772-2	2004	In this study, the authors investigated the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the expression mRNA of cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP1A1, CYP2A3, and CYP2B1.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-166
27064881-0	2016	Different ideas associated renal malformation and laminin alpha5 expression caused by maternal nicotine exposures.	Nicotine	95-103	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	50-64
14715697-7	2004	The soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ and the inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels apamin prevented relaxation induced by endotoxin, nicotine, exogenous NO (DETA-NONOate), and the NO-independent sGC activator BAY 41-2272.	Nicotine	165-173	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-28
14715697-7	2004	The soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ and the inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels apamin prevented relaxation induced by endotoxin, nicotine, exogenous NO (DETA-NONOate), and the NO-independent sGC activator BAY 41-2272.	Nicotine	165-173	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
14982698-1	2004	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes alpha4beta2 and alpha7 comprise the majority of brain nicotine-binding sites.	Nicotine	108-116	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	70-76
14982698-5	2004	Following nicotine injection, dose-dependent decreases in body temperature and locomotor activity were observed for all three genotypes of both beta2 and alpha7 mice.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	154-160
14592853-5	2004	Nicotine or Ang II stimulation rapidly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), in both cell types.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	206-211
15383622-2	2004	Here, we show that up-regulation of specific nAChR subunits takes place in white blood cells (WBCs) of smokers and mice subjected to long-term administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	45-50
15564222-7	2004	Salem Pianissimo, a 100 mm cigarette claiming to contain 1 mg tar and 0.1 mg nicotine, targeted women since menthol cigarettes were popular among 18-24 year old female smokers, although Japan"s law prohibited those below 20 years to smoke and the tobacco industry had a voluntary code disallowing advertising to women and youth.	Nicotine	77-85	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	6-16
15537871-7	2004	Finally, chronic nicotine produced an increase in epibatidine binding in several areas of the brain in both wild-type and in beta4-/- mice, but such receptor upregulation did not correlate with the severity of withdrawal signs.	Nicotine	17-25	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	125-133
15508031-1	2004	Rapid, quantitative SERS analysis of nicotine at ppm/ppb levels has been carried out using stable and inexpensive polymer-encapsulated Ag nanoparticles (gel-colls).	Nicotine	37-45	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	20-24
15332118-5	2004	In addition, nicotine treatment up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related factors including bcl-2 mRNA and protein, but down-regulated the expression of bax mRNA and protein.	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
27064881-3	2016	In this study, the effects of maternal nicotine exposure on expression levels of kidney laminin alpha5 in newborn mice were examined.	Nicotine	39-47	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	88-102
15579018-8	2004	Furthermore apoptosis mechanisms in mesothelioma cells are under the control of the cholinergic system (nicotine antiapoptotic via induction of NF-kappaB complexes and phosphorilation of Bad at Serine(112), curare proapoptotic via G(0)-G(1) arrest p21(waf-1)-dependent, but p53-independent).	Nicotine	104-112	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	248-251
27064881-10	2016	According to the results, it seems that maternal nicotine exposure may induce abnormal laminin alpha5 expression which may cause defects in kidney function during life time.	Nicotine	49-57	laminin, alpha 5	Mus musculus	87-101
15110924-0	2004	Nicotine inhibition of pulsatile GnRH secretion is mediated by GABAA receptor system in the cultured rat embryonic olfactory placode.	Nicotine	0-8	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
15464132-5	2004	Knockout mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR did not show locomotor activation in response to chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting that beta2* nAChRs are critical for ongoing activation of the dopamine system by chronic nicotine administration and the resulting locomotor activation in mice.	Nicotine	229-237	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	47-52
15110924-2	2004	In the present study, we examined whether nicotine inhibits the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and whether this inhibition of GnRH release by nicotine is mediated by the GABA receptor system, by checking in vitro pulsatile GnRH release from cultured GnRH neurons obtained from olfactory placodes of rat embryos at E13.5.	Nicotine	168-176	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
14563147-4	2003	They also assessed the hypothesis that nicotine inhibits the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix (Phase II study).	Nicotine	39-47	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-87
26961950-4	2016	Thus, chronic menthol produces a cell-type-selective upregulation of alpha4* nAChRs, complementing that of chronic nicotine alone, which upregulates alpha4 subunit-containing (alpha4*) nAChRs in GABAergic but not DA neurons.	Nicotine	115-123	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	149-155
14563147-4	2003	They also assessed the hypothesis that nicotine inhibits the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix (Phase II study).	Nicotine	39-47	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
14500836-8	2003	Recruitment of p300 to the NIC-containing complex was facilitated by activated Smad1, which is suggested to contribute to BMP2-mediated enhancement of Notch-induced Hes-5 expression.	Nicotine	27-30	SMAD family member 1	Mus musculus	79-84
15110924-2	2004	In the present study, we examined whether nicotine inhibits the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and whether this inhibition of GnRH release by nicotine is mediated by the GABA receptor system, by checking in vitro pulsatile GnRH release from cultured GnRH neurons obtained from olfactory placodes of rat embryos at E13.5.	Nicotine	168-176	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
15110924-2	2004	In the present study, we examined whether nicotine inhibits the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and whether this inhibition of GnRH release by nicotine is mediated by the GABA receptor system, by checking in vitro pulsatile GnRH release from cultured GnRH neurons obtained from olfactory placodes of rat embryos at E13.5.	Nicotine	168-176	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
15110924-4	2004	The GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline used alone at a concentration of 20 microM caused no significant changes in the pulsatile GnRH release, but when used in combination with 500 nM of nicotine, bicuculline blocked the nicotine inhibition of GnRH release.	Nicotine	192-200	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	249-253
15110924-6	2004	These results suggest that, in the cultured embryonic olfactory placode, nicotine stimulates GABA release, which then inhibits GnRH release through GABA(A) receptor system.	Nicotine	73-81	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
12621115-0	2003	Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure alters enkephalin mRNA regulation in the perinatal rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	17-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
26961950-4	2016	Thus, chronic menthol produces a cell-type-selective upregulation of alpha4* nAChRs, complementing that of chronic nicotine alone, which upregulates alpha4 subunit-containing (alpha4*) nAChRs in GABAergic but not DA neurons.	Nicotine	115-123	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	149-155
12621115-1	2003	Prenatal exposure to nicotine significantly increases enkephalin mRNA levels in the rat adrenal medulla prenatally, and postnatally the normal up-regulation is obliterated.	Nicotine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
15155845-1	2004	Pharmacological evaluation of nicotine-stimulated dopamine release from striatum has yielded data consistent with activation of a single population of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	151-184
15155845-1	2004	Pharmacological evaluation of nicotine-stimulated dopamine release from striatum has yielded data consistent with activation of a single population of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	186-191
15111021-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
15111021-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
15111021-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
12398342-8	2002	In this communication we use the average model for the agonists (one average structure for each agonist) to calculate quantum mechanically the interactions of the binding site with one neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh, 1), as well as with two of the most potent agonists described so far [nicotine (2) and epibatidine (3)] and the modeled binding site.	Nicotine	292-300	acyl-CoA thioesterase 7	Homo sapiens	202-223
12369619-6	2002	The A622 expression patterns were qualitatively similar to those of putrescine N-methyltransferase, the first enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis, suggesting that A622 may function in the metabolism of nicotine or related alkaloids.	Nicotine	120-128	isoflavone reductase homolog A622	Nicotiana tabacum	159-163
12369619-6	2002	The A622 expression patterns were qualitatively similar to those of putrescine N-methyltransferase, the first enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis, suggesting that A622 may function in the metabolism of nicotine or related alkaloids.	Nicotine	198-206	isoflavone reductase homolog A622	Nicotiana tabacum	4-8
15111021-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
15111021-6	2004	As anticipated, likely alpha4beta2-nAChR [125I]-epibatidine binding sites increased with treatment (estimated dosage for one-half maximal increase was 0.44 mg/kg/h, plasma nicotine approximately 20 ng/ml).	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	35-40
12369619-6	2002	The A622 expression patterns were qualitatively similar to those of putrescine N-methyltransferase, the first enzyme in nicotine biosynthesis, suggesting that A622 may function in the metabolism of nicotine or related alkaloids.	Nicotine	198-206	isoflavone reductase homolog A622	Nicotiana tabacum	159-163
26881175-7	2016	Nicotine also inhibited toxin A-induced increased colonic concentrations of the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1) agonist, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and release of the proinflammatory neuropeptide, substance P. Pretreatment with nicotine did not protect against direct TRPV1-mediated colitis caused by intraluminal capsaicin.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
26881175-7	2016	Nicotine also inhibited toxin A-induced increased colonic concentrations of the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1) agonist, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and release of the proinflammatory neuropeptide, substance P. Pretreatment with nicotine did not protect against direct TRPV1-mediated colitis caused by intraluminal capsaicin.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-135
12270632-1	2002	The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation in accumbal dopamine (DA) release during chronic continuous nicotine treatment was studied by in vivo microdialysis in freely-moving mice.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	46-51
26881175-7	2016	Nicotine also inhibited toxin A-induced increased colonic concentrations of the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1) agonist, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and release of the proinflammatory neuropeptide, substance P. Pretreatment with nicotine did not protect against direct TRPV1-mediated colitis caused by intraluminal capsaicin.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	289-294
25973643-7	2016	Moreover, folic acid in combination with vitamin B12 also attenuated the nicotine-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress (17-88% recovery), TNF-alpha (40-99% recovery), and IL-6 level (47-65% recovery), CRP level (59-73% recovery), expression of NF-kappaB and caspase-3, and apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells.	Nicotine	73-81	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	268-277
32585787-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
32585787-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
26633299-4	2015	The results showed that chronic exposure of mice to nicotine significantly inhibits thiamin uptake in murine PAC, and that this inhibition is associated with a marked decrease in expression of THTR-1 and THTR-2 at the protein, mRNA and hnRNAs level.	Nicotine	52-60	solute carrier family 19 (thiamine transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	193-199
32585787-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
32585787-1	2004	Nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) sites that bind nicotine with high affinity (likely alpha4beta2-nAChR) increase following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
32585787-6	2004	As anticipated, likely alpha4beta2-nAChR [125I]-epibatidine binding sites increased with treatment (estimated dosage for one-half maximal increase was 0.44 mg/kg/h, plasma nicotine  20 ng/ml).	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	35-40
12218105-3	2002	In the presence of very low concentrations of nicotine many more immature T cells (defined by low or negative TCR expression) and fewer mature T cells (intermediate or high expression of TCR) were produced.	Nicotine	46-54	T cell receptor alpha variable 6-3	Mus musculus	110-113
12218105-3	2002	In the presence of very low concentrations of nicotine many more immature T cells (defined by low or negative TCR expression) and fewer mature T cells (intermediate or high expression of TCR) were produced.	Nicotine	46-54	T cell receptor alpha variable 6-3	Mus musculus	187-190
12769607-3	2002	A deeper understanding of nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms is necessary to develop nAChR ligands that are more selective, less toxic, and more therapeutically effective than nicotine.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	83-88
12769607-6	2002	Mice with nAChR mutations targeted to subunits that are highly expressed in the CNS have brought insight into the nAChR mechanisms involved in nicotine addiction, analgesia, aging, and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	10-15
12769607-6	2002	Mice with nAChR mutations targeted to subunits that are highly expressed in the CNS have brought insight into the nAChR mechanisms involved in nicotine addiction, analgesia, aging, and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	114-119
12769607-6	2002	Mice with nAChR mutations targeted to subunits that are highly expressed in the CNS have brought insight into the nAChR mechanisms involved in nicotine addiction, analgesia, aging, and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	10-15
12769607-6	2002	Mice with nAChR mutations targeted to subunits that are highly expressed in the CNS have brought insight into the nAChR mechanisms involved in nicotine addiction, analgesia, aging, and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	114-119
12081661-5	2002	In addition, significant increases in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and GluR1 (but not dopamine transporter or NR1) mRNA levels in the VTA were detected 24 h after intra-VTA nicotine administration.	Nicotine	170-178	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
12081661-7	2002	The long-term increase in basal DA levels in the Acb and TH, and GluR1 mRNA levels in the VTA upon intra-VTA nicotine microinjection indicates that even a single nicotine injection can induce plastic changes of the mesolimbic DA pathway.	Nicotine	109-117	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
12081661-7	2002	The long-term increase in basal DA levels in the Acb and TH, and GluR1 mRNA levels in the VTA upon intra-VTA nicotine microinjection indicates that even a single nicotine injection can induce plastic changes of the mesolimbic DA pathway.	Nicotine	162-170	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
15136639-13	2004	Furthermore, preinjection of nAChR-binding ligands, (-)-nicotine and (-)-cytisine, reduced the uptake of (11)C-5MA in brain regions of high uptake in the untreated experiment.	Nicotine	52-64	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	29-34
14970827-0	2004	Nicotine improves sustained attention in mice: evidence for involvement of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	86-118
14970827-10	2004	Furthermore, as alpha7 KO mice are clearly impaired in the acquisition and asymptotic performance of this task, the alpha7 nAChR may be involved in mediating these effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	175-183	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	116-128
14996991-0	2004	Mice lacking neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta4-subunit and mice lacking both alpha5- and beta4-subunits are highly resistant to nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	142-150	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	103-108
12191590-6	2002	Nicotine also suppressed ornithine decarboxylase activity significantly.	Nicotine	0-8	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-48
14996991-4	2004	Using transgenic mice with mutations in nAChR subunits, it was demonstrated previously that the alpha4-, alpha5-, and alpha7-subunits are involved in nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	150-158	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-45
12191590-7	2002	Our data showed that inhibition of cell proliferation and ornithine decarboxylase activity by nicotine was accompanied with a reduction in K(+) channel protein expression, all of which were significantly alleviated by spermidine pretreatment.	Nicotine	94-102	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-81
26633299-6	2015	Similarly, chronic exposure of cultured human PAC to nicotine (0.5 muM, 48 h) significantly inhibited thiamin uptake, which was also associated with a decrease in expression of THTR-1 and THTR-2 proteins and mRNAs.	Nicotine	53-61	solute carrier family 19 member 2	Homo sapiens	177-183
14996991-6	2004	The beta4 null mice were remarkably resistant to nicotine-induced seizures compared with wild-type and alpha5 null mice.	Nicotine	49-57	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	4-9
26633299-6	2015	Similarly, chronic exposure of cultured human PAC to nicotine (0.5 muM, 48 h) significantly inhibited thiamin uptake, which was also associated with a decrease in expression of THTR-1 and THTR-2 proteins and mRNAs.	Nicotine	53-61	solute carrier family 19 member 3	Homo sapiens	188-194
14996991-7	2004	We also generated mice with double deficiency of both alpha5- and beta4-nAChR subunits and demonstrated that they were more resistant to nicotine"s convulsant effect than either the alpha5 or the beta4 single mutant mice.	Nicotine	137-145	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	66-71
12269402-0	2002	Role of proto-oncogenes in the regulation of proenkephalin mRNA expression induced by repeated nicotine injections in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	95-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-58
12269402-1	2002	We have studied the effect of repeated systemic administrations of nicotine (3 mg/kg) at 30 min intervals on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level in rat adrenal gland.	Nicotine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-122
26619345-1	2015	High affinity nicotine-binding sites in the mammalian brain are neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) assembled from at least alpha4 and beta2 subunits into pentameric ion channels.	Nicotine	14-22	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	150-155
12269402-1	2002	We have studied the effect of repeated systemic administrations of nicotine (3 mg/kg) at 30 min intervals on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level in rat adrenal gland.	Nicotine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
12269402-2	2002	Northern blot analysis has shown that proENK mRNA expression was enhanced by repeated nicotine administrations.	Nicotine	86-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
12269402-5	2002	The repeated nicotine administrations also elevated phospho-CREB without altering total CREB level in all tested groups.	Nicotine	13-21	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
12269402-9	2002	These results suggest that proENK mRNA expression induced by repeated nicotine administrations may be mediated by AP-1 proteins, such as c-Fos, c-Jun and Fra-2 rather than CREB via interacting to the ENKCRE-2 DNA binding domain in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
14996991-7	2004	We also generated mice with double deficiency of both alpha5- and beta4-nAChR subunits and demonstrated that they were more resistant to nicotine"s convulsant effect than either the alpha5 or the beta4 single mutant mice.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-77
14996991-9	2004	Our results thus show that beta4-containing nAChRs have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	94-102	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	27-32
14996991-10	2004	Furthermore, by comparing multiple mutant mice with single and double subunit deficiency, we suggest that nicotinic receptors containing either alpha5- or beta4-subunits are involved in nicotine-induced seizures and that receptors containing both subunits are likely to contribute to this phenomena as well.	Nicotine	186-194	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	155-160
14762152-3	2004	The nicotine response was blocked by d-tubocurarine and mecamylamine but not alpha-bungarotoxin, indicating the presence of calcium permeable, non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	188-193
26555332-0	2015	Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val/Met genotype and smoking cessation treatment with nicotine: a meta-analysis.	Nicotine	110-118	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	20-48
14762152-4	2004	Agonist efficacy order for eliciting the axonal nAChR calcium response was cytisine approximately nicotine &gt;&gt; acetylcholine.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	48-53
15077009-10	2004	Short-term effectiveness of the nicotine patch may be related to dopamine beta-hydroxylase and dopamine D2 receptor genotype.	Nicotine	32-40	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	65-90
14681928-6	2004	Collectively, these results suggest that the unique functional and pharmacological properties exerted by nAChRbeta4 on nAChR function could modify and specialize the development of strain-specific sensory and hippocampal-related characteristics of nicotine sensitivity including the development of tolerance.	Nicotine	248-256	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	105-110
14569062-0	2004	Nicotine promoted colon cancer growth via epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Src, and 5-lipoxygenase-mediated signal pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	42-74
14569062-6	2004	Inhibitors of EGFR and c-Src alleviated the actions of nicotine on cell proliferation and 5-LOX protein expression.	Nicotine	55-63	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	14-18
11738837-4	2001	Depolarization induced by nicotine enhanced the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential component and lowered the threshold of bursting response in the SGI neurons to stimulation of the superficial layer.	Nicotine	26-34	semenogelin 1	Homo sapiens	185-188
11739470-6	2001	2) Nicotine elicits a rapid increase in the release of both catecholamines and NPY; this release of NPY is more sustained than that of catecholamines.	Nicotine	3-11	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	79-82
11739470-6	2001	2) Nicotine elicits a rapid increase in the release of both catecholamines and NPY; this release of NPY is more sustained than that of catecholamines.	Nicotine	3-11	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	100-103
11425648-8	2001	To conclude, our results suggest that nicotine has a direct effect on human bone cells in modulating proliferation, upregulation of the c-fos transcription factor, and the synthesis of the bone matrix protein, osteopontin.	Nicotine	38-46	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	210-221
14569062-11	2004	Inhibitors of EGFR, c-Src, and 5-LOX all significantly impeded the tumor growth induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	91-99	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	14-18
26555332-0	2015	Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val/Met genotype and smoking cessation treatment with nicotine: a meta-analysis.	Nicotine	110-118	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	50-54
26555332-1	2015	AIM: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the major degradative pathways of dopamine and COMT Val/Met polymorphisms are associated with the enzyme activity, which is related to dopamine involvement in the nicotine addiction process.	Nicotine	214-222	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	5-33
26555332-1	2015	AIM: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the major degradative pathways of dopamine and COMT Val/Met polymorphisms are associated with the enzyme activity, which is related to dopamine involvement in the nicotine addiction process.	Nicotine	214-222	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-39
26555332-1	2015	AIM: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the major degradative pathways of dopamine and COMT Val/Met polymorphisms are associated with the enzyme activity, which is related to dopamine involvement in the nicotine addiction process.	Nicotine	214-222	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	98-102
26555332-8	2015	CONCLUSION: The COMT polymorphisms are associated with the outcomes following smoking cessation treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	16-20
11356984-1	2001	The goal of this article is to summarize available data examining the physiological significance of brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems in mediating the behavioral and physiological effects of several classes of abused drugs, including opioid and psychostimulant drugs, alcohol and sedative hypnotics, nicotine, and cannabinoids.	Nicotine	317-325	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	106-136
26474621-8	2015	In HUVECs, the expressions of CCL-8, Vcam-1, VLA4alpha, OX40 and OX40L were significantly up-regulated by nicotine and P.g-LPS combination compared with nicotine alone, P.g-LPS alone and the untreated control.	Nicotine	106-114	C-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	30-35
11450844-2	2001	Mice lacking the alpha3 subunit and mice lacking both the beta2 and beta4 subunits, but not mice lacking the beta2 or beta4 subunits alone, have a severe phenotype characterized by megacystis, failure of bladder strips to contract in response to nicotine, widely dilated ocular pupils, growth failure, and perinatal mortality.	Nicotine	246-254	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	68-73
25393899-10	2015	Furthermore, pretreatment with isoproterenol or resistin-specific siRNA blocked nicotine plus LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, beta-catenin, p38, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB.	Nicotine	80-88	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	147-178
26048072-0	2015	Nicotine stimulation increases proliferation and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -28 expression in human dental pulp cells.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	49-84
11347816-13	2001	However, metergoline, a 5HT1/5HT2 receptor antagonist, and ketanserin, a 5HT2A receptor antagonist, but not the 5HT1A antagonist WAY100635, increased the resting release of dopamine and blocked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	209-217	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	73-87
11146126-3	2000	However, with 7 days nicotine treatment, tolerance developed to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on BDNF mRNA expression and there was a significant increase in BDNF expression 2 h after the final injection in the CA1 region.	Nicotine	21-29	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-218
11146126-3	2000	However, with 7 days nicotine treatment, tolerance developed to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on BDNF mRNA expression and there was a significant increase in BDNF expression 2 h after the final injection in the CA1 region.	Nicotine	89-97	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-218
26048072-5	2015	Moreover, as it is known that nicotine could upregulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in pulpal inflammation, the effects of nicotine stimulation on MMP-2 and MMP-28 gene expression have also been investigated.	Nicotine	30-38	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
26048072-5	2015	Moreover, as it is known that nicotine could upregulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in pulpal inflammation, the effects of nicotine stimulation on MMP-2 and MMP-28 gene expression have also been investigated.	Nicotine	164-172	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	188-193
26079093-4	2015	Chronic nicotine administration increased levels of gastrin, ghrelin and histamine but decreased prostaglandin E2 .	Nicotine	8-16	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-68
10825655-1	2000	Acute and chronic nicotine exposure differentially facilitate the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a synaptic model of learning and memory, in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	18-26	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
10490891-9	1999	Noncholinergic contractions caused by DMPP and nicotine were blocked by the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, CP 96,345-1 (0.3 microM).	Nicotine	47-55	substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus	76-97
26079093-7	2015	The increase in ghrelin concentration and its effect following chronic nicotine administration needs further investigation.	Nicotine	71-79	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	16-23
10484431-0	1999	Inactivation gating determines nicotine blockade of human HERG channels.	Nicotine	31-39	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	58-62
10484431-2	1999	To shed some light on the mechanisms of interaction between nicotine and channels, we performed detailed analysis on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channels, which are believed to be equivalent to the native I(Kr) when expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Nicotine	60-68	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	155-159
10484431-3	1999	Nicotine suppressed the HERG channels in a concentration-dependent manner with greater potency with voltage protocols, which favor channel inactivation.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
10484431-7	1999	Moreover, nicotine lost its ability to block the HERG channels when a single mutation was introduced to a residue located after transmembrane domain 6 (S631A) to remove the rapid channel inactivation.	Nicotine	10-18	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	49-53
10484431-8	1999	Our data suggest that the inactivation gating determines nicotine blockade of the HERG channels.	Nicotine	57-65	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
26079093-12	2015	Different routes of chronic nicotine administration resulted in a significant increase in serum and gastric homogenate gastrin and ghrelin concentrations and a significant decrease in serum and homogenate PGE2 concentrations compared with the control group.	Nicotine	28-36	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	131-138
26079093-15	2015	The increased ghrelin concentration and its effect following nicotine chronic administration needs further investigation.	Nicotine	61-69	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	14-21
26031442-5	2015	Nicotine withdrawal increased [(3)H]ketanserin binding to 5-HT2A receptors in the ventral tegmental area and ventral dentate gyrus, yet decreased binding in the nucleus accumbens shell.	Nicotine	0-8	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
10341367-0	1999	Intravenous injections of nicotine decrease the pulsatile secretion of LH by inhibiting the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator activity in female rats.	Nicotine	26-34	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-122
10341367-0	1999	Intravenous injections of nicotine decrease the pulsatile secretion of LH by inhibiting the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator activity in female rats.	Nicotine	26-34	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
10341367-1	1999	Whether nicotine inhibits the electrical activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator to suppress pulsatile LH secretion, and whether this suppression of LH secretion by nicotine is mediated by opioid neurons, were studied in ovariectomized rats by examining changes in LH secretion and the multiunit activity (MUA) of the medial basal hypothalamus.	Nicotine	8-16	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
10341367-4	1999	This inhibitory effect of nicotine on the GnRH pulse generator activity was not blocked by the prior injection of an opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (naloxone hydrochlolide, 2 mg/kg bw), which was effective in significantly decreasing the interval between MUA volleys.	Nicotine	26-34	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
10095079-4	1999	In the fetal rat SCN we show that NGFI-A and junB are also induced by nicotine, but not c-jun.	Nicotine	70-78	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
10066866-0	1999	Nicotine increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production by human brain endothelial cells via protein kinase C-associated pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	19-52
26031442-10	2015	These results show that the reduction in the 5-HT2A receptor transcript level may be an auto-regulatory response to the increased receptor density in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal, while decreased 5-HT2C receptor mRNA editing may explain the reduction in receptor labeling in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	200-208	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	45-51
10066866-3	1999	We studied the effect of nicotine, an important constituent of cigarette smoke, on PAI-1 production by human brain endothelial cells.	Nicotine	25-33	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
10066866-6	1999	RESULTS: Nicotine at 100 nmol/L increased PAI-1 protein production and mRNA expression by CNS-EC.	Nicotine	9-17	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
26031442-12	2015	Here, we show that the reduction in 5-HT2A receptor transcript level may be an auto-regulatory response to the increased receptor number in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal, while attenuated 5-HT2C receptor mRNA editing in the hippocampus might explain reduced inverse agonist binding to 5-HT2C receptor and suggest a shift toward a population of more active receptors.	Nicotine	190-198	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
10066866-7	1999	After 72 hours of exposure to nicotine, the concentration of secreted PAI-1 in the cell supernatant was increased 1.90+/-0.2 fold compared with untreated cells.	Nicotine	30-38	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
10066866-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine increases brain endothelial cell PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein production via PK-C-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
26116439-6	2015	Nicotine co-administered with PAM-2 produces antidepressant-like activity in both beta4+/+ and beta4-/- mice, except after the acute treatment of beta4-/- mice, and decreases locomotor activity.	Nicotine	0-8	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Mus musculus	30-33
9811234-0	1998	Influence of nicotine and cotinine on retinal phospholipase A2 and its significance to macular function.	Nicotine	13-21	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	46-62
9811234-4	1998	A question may arise as to whether nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine influence PLA2 so that arachidonic acid (AA) and proinflammatory prostaglandins (PG) are produced in the retina.	Nicotine	35-43	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
26116439-8	2015	The residual antidepressant-like activity of PAM-2 + nicotine was observed only in female mice, suggesting gender-specific differences.	Nicotine	53-61	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Mus musculus	45-48
9811234-6	1998	PLA2 activity of rat retinal sonicates was assayed using 1-palmitoyl-2[1-14C]arachidonyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 2.2 nmol) as a substrate in Tris buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C with and without nicotine or cotinine in the assay medium.	Nicotine	208-216	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9811234-8	1998	(2) Nicotine in low concentrations (1-150 nM) activated PLA2 (EC50 5 nM).	Nicotine	4-12	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
26169054-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine can produce progressive increases in locomotor activity and enhanced expression of c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain dopaminergic areas.	Nicotine	71-79	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	173-193
9811234-10	1998	(4) Only high concentrations of nicotine (&gt; 1.0 microM) and cotinine (&gt; 25 microM) exhibit inhibition of PLA2.	Nicotine	32-40	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
9811234-13	1998	Oxidative stress (reduced levels of antioxidants), vascular insufficiency, as well as activation of PLA2 by nicotine and cotinine may contribute for retinal degeneration in smokers during aging.	Nicotine	108-116	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
9712657-5	1998	The activation of alpha-Bgt-AChRs by nicotine results in the induction of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the cdk inhibitor p21.	Nicotine	37-45	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	129-132
10454356-10	1998	Future studies will examine the contribution of alpha7 nAChR to the enhancement of learning and sensorimotor gating following nicotine treatments.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	48-60
9704889-0	1998	Nicotine induced up-regulation of nicotinic receptors in CD-1 mice demonstrated with an in vivo radiotracer: gender differences.	Nicotine	0-8	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	57-61
26169054-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine can produce progressive increases in locomotor activity and enhanced expression of c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain dopaminergic areas.	Nicotine	71-79	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	195-197
26169054-4	2015	This study was carried out to investigate the effects of PJ on repeated nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization of locomotor activity and c-Fos and TH expression in the rat brain using immunohistochemistry.	Nicotine	72-80	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	150-152
26150803-0	2015	Intra-ventral tegmental area HIV-1 Tat1-86 attenuates nicotine-mediated locomotor sensitization and alters mesocorticolimbic ERK and CREB signaling in rats.	Nicotine	54-62	solute carrier family 16 member 10	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
26079805-6	2015	On behavioural level, the strongest benefits of nicotine in invalid trials were observed in participants carrying both, the DRD2 T- and CHRNA4 C+ variant.	Nicotine	48-56	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	124-128
9449645-7	1998	Nicotine and KCl depolarization stimulated the secretion of CRH, whereas interleukin-1beta, glucocorticoids, and nerve growth factor stimulated its synthesis.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	60-63
26079805-7	2015	Neurally, we were able to demonstrate that different DRD2/CHRNA4 groups can be decoded from the pattern of brain activity in invalid trials under nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	53-57
26079805-9	2015	Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 and DRD2 genes are a relevant source of individual variability in pharmacological studies with nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	58-62
26039516-1	2015	Nicotine elicits bitter taste by activating TRPM5-dependent and TRPM5-independent but neuronal nAChR-dependent pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
9459071-0	1998	Depression and self-medication with nicotine: the modifying influence of the dopamine D4 receptor gene.	Nicotine	36-44	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	77-97
26039516-1	2015	Nicotine elicits bitter taste by activating TRPM5-dependent and TRPM5-independent but neuronal nAChR-dependent pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
25430056-6	2015	Both cFos and phosphorylated-cJun (p-cJun) were immediately increased in the nucleus, together with an increase of calmodulin kinase (CaMK) IV but not CaMKII expression after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	175-183	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	29-33
9667769-6	1998	The nAChR agonists (-)nicotine, cytisine, and (+) epibatidine reduced the radioactivity due to [11C]A-84543 in the superior colliculus by 41%, 38%, and 27%, respectively, while lobeline, which also interacts with central nAChRs, produced a 24% inhibition.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-9
25430056-6	2015	Both cFos and phosphorylated-cJun (p-cJun) were immediately increased in the nucleus, together with an increase of calmodulin kinase (CaMK) IV but not CaMKII expression after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	175-183	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	37-41
25430056-8	2015	These results indicate that nAChR activation by nicotine upregulates IP3 R-1 via increase of activator protein-1, which is a cFos and cJun dimmer, in the nucleus, with activation of Ca(2+) signaling transduction processes.	Nicotine	48-56	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	134-138
25799226-7	2015	These results establish AMPKalpha2 as an essential mediator of nicotine-induced whole-body IR in spite of reductions in adiposity.	Nicotine	63-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	24-34
25815723-6	2015	In addition, the up-regulation of EGR-1 by nicotine can also increase the phosphorylation of CyclinD1 which contributes to the attenuation of amyloid-beta (Abeta(25-35)) -induced neurotoxicity.	Nicotine	43-51	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	93-101
25180076-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Genome-wide association studies linking the alpha3, beta4, and alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits to nicotine dependence suggest that alpha3beta4* nAChR may be targets for smoking cessation pharmacotherapies.	Nicotine	137-145	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	66-71
25596543-7	2015	At P1-2, nicotine suppressed air V(E) and V(O2) in both genotypes but did not affect the hyperventilatory response to MA.	Nicotine	9-17	CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2)-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	3-7
25258021-0	2015	Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase reduces nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	46-54	monoglyceride lipase	Mus musculus	14-37
25139281-4	2015	Considering new evidence supporting the association of DRD2 and its adjacent gene ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) with various addictions, in this paper, we provide an updated view of the involvement of variants in DRD2 and ANKK1 in the etiology of nicotine dependence (ND) and alcohol dependence (AD) based on linkage, association, and molecular studies.	Nicotine	271-279	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	55-59
25139281-4	2015	Considering new evidence supporting the association of DRD2 and its adjacent gene ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) with various addictions, in this paper, we provide an updated view of the involvement of variants in DRD2 and ANKK1 in the etiology of nicotine dependence (ND) and alcohol dependence (AD) based on linkage, association, and molecular studies.	Nicotine	271-279	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	237-241
25314897-0	2015	The exposure to nicotine affects expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in neonate rats.	Nicotine	16-24	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-111
25314897-0	2015	The exposure to nicotine affects expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in neonate rats.	Nicotine	16-24	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
25314897-1	2015	In the current study effect of nicotine on expression of neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) has been studied in hippocampus and frontal cortex during development of brain in rats.	Nicotine	31-39	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	117-136
25314897-1	2015	In the current study effect of nicotine on expression of neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) has been studied in hippocampus and frontal cortex during development of brain in rats.	Nicotine	31-39	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
25314897-10	2015	It was concluded that exposure of neonate rats to nicotine causes a decrease in the expression of NGF and BDNF and it effects the development of brain in neonates that can further impair brain functions.	Nicotine	50-58	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
25155311-9	2015	EtOH and nicotine directly administered into the pVTA resulted in alterations in gene expression in the AcbSh (50.8-fold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2.4-fold decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 10.3-fold increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)) that were not observed following microinjections of equivalent concentrations/doses of ethanol or nicotine.	Nicotine	9-17	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	196-239
25155311-9	2015	EtOH and nicotine directly administered into the pVTA resulted in alterations in gene expression in the AcbSh (50.8-fold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2.4-fold decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 10.3-fold increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)) that were not observed following microinjections of equivalent concentrations/doses of ethanol or nicotine.	Nicotine	9-17	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	241-245
25541031-11	2015	Furthermore, nicotine pretreatment led to a suppression of estrogens stimulated CD40 induction.	Nicotine	13-21	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	80-84
25613062-9	2015	In primary cultured rat chondrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed both p38, extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 activation induced by MIA- or IL-1beta, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
25613062-9	2015	In primary cultured rat chondrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed both p38, extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 activation induced by MIA- or IL-1beta, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	86-126
25613062-9	2015	In primary cultured rat chondrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed both p38, extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 activation induced by MIA- or IL-1beta, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
25955012-7	2015	However, in the nicotine-treated group, a clear increase was observed in the number of actin filaments present, which led to the maximum expression of CD31 in comparison to the OSS and control groups.	Nicotine	16-24	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
9345046-4	1997	The binding is inhibited by nicotine and by a synthetic peptide reproducing the gp120 160-170 sequence.	Nicotine	28-36	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
9197282-5	1997	The TH gene may be regulated by a nicotine-related signaling pathway, whereas alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4 nAChR genes may be further regulated by a protein kinase A (PKA) pathway under long-term nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	201-209	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	154-170
9197282-5	1997	The TH gene may be regulated by a nicotine-related signaling pathway, whereas alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4 nAChR genes may be further regulated by a protein kinase A (PKA) pathway under long-term nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	201-209	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
9040492-4	1997	A free pool of brain microvascular t-PA antigen was completely depleted by nicotine, while the expression of the PAI-1 antigen and/or PAI-1-t-PA complexes remained unchanged.	Nicotine	75-83	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
9040492-7	1997	These nicotine effects are associated with depletion of brain microvascular t-PA antigen.	Nicotine	6-14	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
9061614-7	1997	Nicotine treatment upregulated the expression of TH, PNMT, and NPY genes in a dose-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	0-8	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
9051779-1	1996	The acute dose-dependent analgesic activity of nicotine, as measured by the tail-flick assay, differed significantly between CD-1 and CF-1 outbred strains of mice.	Nicotine	47-55	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	125-138
8997426-7	1996	Other cholinergic treatment strategies than cholinesterase inhibitors in development are selective muscarinic receptor agonists and nicotine receptor agonists.	Nicotine	132-140	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	44-58
7494448-6	1995	Nicotine administration by injection increased the phosphorylation of CREB and induced c-Fos protein without affecting members of the jun family.	Nicotine	0-8	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
7494448-8	1995	These data indicate that activation of several transcription factors and increased expression of TH, DBH, and NPY is dependent on the mode of nicotine administration.	Nicotine	142-150	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
7494453-0	1995	Nicotine regulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors and subunit mRNAs in PC 12 cells through protein kinase A.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	92-108
7494453-4	1995	In contrast, [3H]nicotine binding to PC 12 cell mutants (A126.1B2 and A123.7), deficient in cAMP-responsive protein kinase A Types I and/or II, was unaffected by nicotine.	Nicotine	17-25	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	108-124
7494453-7	1995	These studies indicate that nicotine up-regulates expression of nAcChRs on wild type PC 12 cells and reduces the content of alpha 3 subunit mRNA; these effects require an intact protein kinase A system.	Nicotine	28-36	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	178-194
7476031-0	1995	Acute repeated nicotine injections increase enkephalin and decrease AP-1 DNA binding activity in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
7476031-2	1995	Repeated acute nicotine injections (3 mg/kg i.p., 7 injections equi-spaced over a 3 h period) effectively increased adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase [3] and [Met5]enkephalin levels and also profoundly decreased adrenal medulla AP-1 DNA binding activity for over 8 h.	Nicotine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
7542542-1	1995	The purpose of this investigation was to determine if analogous to (-)-nicotine"s analgesic effect, the analgesic effect of the recently characterized potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist (+/-)-epibatidine was altered in response to treatment with the calcium channel agonist (+/-)-Bay K 8644.	Nicotine	67-79	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	158-190
7542542-1	1995	The purpose of this investigation was to determine if analogous to (-)-nicotine"s analgesic effect, the analgesic effect of the recently characterized potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist (+/-)-epibatidine was altered in response to treatment with the calcium channel agonist (+/-)-Bay K 8644.	Nicotine	67-79	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	192-197
7837048-1	1994	Tested alone, nicotine (0.25 or 0.5 mg kg-1) improved shuttle-box avoidance learning in mice of the CD-1 strain.	Nicotine	14-22	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	100-104
7902969-6	1993	When repeated nicotine injections were given, there was a refractory period of 1-2 h for c-fos, nerve growth factor I-A and jun-B induction.	Nicotine	14-22	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	96-129
7902969-7	1993	Repeated nicotine injections at 1-h intervals prevented about 80% of c-fos, nerve growth factor I-A and jun-B mRNA induction seen after a single injection.	Nicotine	9-17	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	76-109
15489024-6	2004	Nicotine enhanced contextual learning in both alpha7 wild types and mutants when mice were trained at 0.17 mA, but not 0.35 mA.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	46-52
14706790-4	2004	Intrathecal administration of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, (3aR,7aR)-7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2(2-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl) perhydroisoindol-4-1 hydrochloride or the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, both antagonists of the action of primary afferent neurotransmitters, markedly attenuated the inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation produced by both intrathecal nicotine and intraplantar capsaicin.Conversely, intrathecal administration of an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine or an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, to block descending antinociceptive controls, which provide inhibitory input to primary afferent nociceptors, enhanced the action of both nicotine and capsaicin.	Nicotine	425-433	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-55
15007373-0	2004	The functional mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) Asn40Asp variant predicts short-term response to nicotine replacement therapy in a clinical trial.	Nicotine	91-99	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
14622092-7	2003	Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against differing toxic assaults requires distinct nAChR subtypes and proceeds through intracellular pathways that overlap with similarly different mechanisms initiated by pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	102-107
19570262-12	2003	Mutant oncogene, H-ras, was overexpressed in nicotine-treated pancreatic tissue.	Nicotine	45-53	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
12766260-0	2003	Nicotine induces a long QT phenotype in Kcnq1-deficient mouse hearts.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1	Mus musculus	40-45
12766260-6	2003	In the presence of nicotine, however, the JT, QT, and rate-corrected QT (QTc) intervals were significantly prolonged in Kcnq1-/- hearts relative to Kcnq1+/+ hearts (e.g., QTc = 92 +/- 11 ms versus 66 +/- 2 ms, respectively, p &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	19-27	potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1	Mus musculus	120-125
12911532-8	2003	In contrast, BN rats did not demonstrate differences between the nicotine and saline groups in these variables, but the nicotine-exposed BN rats showed a significant up-regulation in the gene expression of IGF-1 in the liver (P &lt; 0.0001) and IGF receptor in the kidney (P = 0.006).	Nicotine	120-128	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-211
12911532-8	2003	In contrast, BN rats did not demonstrate differences between the nicotine and saline groups in these variables, but the nicotine-exposed BN rats showed a significant up-regulation in the gene expression of IGF-1 in the liver (P &lt; 0.0001) and IGF receptor in the kidney (P = 0.006).	Nicotine	120-128	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
12937891-10	2003	Exposure to nicotine alone resulted in a significant increase in AChE activity in brainstem and midbrain, whereas there was no significant change after exposure to chlorpyrifos, alone.	Nicotine	12-20	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
12782338-4	2003	In the presence of nicotine the inhibitory effect of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-18 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha on LTP was eliminated.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	73-120
12735692-1	2003	Rats were given nicotine (25 ppm) in their drinking water at the start of their mating period in order to study the expressions of glutamate transporter subtypes in cerebellar astrocytes following the chronic exposure of nicotine after mating.	Nicotine	221-229	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	131-152
12735692-10	2003	According to the results from the immochemistry procedure, the cerebellar GLAST and GLT-1 expression levels of all nicotine-treated groups were lower than those of the control group at each age.	Nicotine	115-123	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
12735692-12	2003	These results suggest that the expression of the glial GLAST and GLT-1 are altered differently depending on the initial exposure time and the particular period of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	163-171	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
12576193-0	2003	Nicotine administration decreases neuropeptide Y expression and increases leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus of food-deprived rats.	Nicotine	0-8	leptin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	74-89
12576193-1	2003	The effects of nicotine on the expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and leptin receptor in the rat hypothalamus were investigated via immunohistochemistry.	Nicotine	15-23	leptin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	71-86
12576193-2	2003	The results show that NPY expression is not affected in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) and is increased only slightly in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by nicotine administration under normal (i.e. fed) conditions and that leptin receptor expression is decreased slightly in the ARN and not affected in the PVN following nicotine treatment under the same conditions.	Nicotine	319-327	leptin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	221-236
12576193-4	2003	Nicotine administration resulted in decreased NPY and increased leptin receptor levels.	Nicotine	0-8	leptin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	64-79
12582205-2	2003	Here we show that, in the newborn rat, a brief application of nicotine at immature Schaffer collateral-CA1 connections strongly enhances neurotransmitter release and converts presynaptically silent synapses into conductive ones.	Nicotine	62-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
12566374-5	2003	METHODS AND RESULTS: Nicotine dose-dependently (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L) induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules (ie, CD86, CD40), MHC class II, and adhesion molecules (ie, LFA-1, CD54).	Nicotine	21-29	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	181-186
12494489-4	2003	We found that nicotine and its nitrosated carcinogenic derivative 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) bind to the alpha(7) nAChR in SCLC and PNECs, resulting in the influx of Ca(2+), release of 5-HT, and activation of a mitogenic pathway mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), Raf-1, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-myc.	Nicotine	14-22	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	342-347
15766229-3	2002	Not only has BMP been shown to improve the quality and amount of bone formation when used as a supplement to autograft, it has also been shown to promote superior fusion in the absence of autograft, even in high-risk fusion models involving the use of nicotine or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents.	Nicotine	252-260	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
12433823-7	2002	Nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in pooled human liver microsomes were competitively inhibited by bilirubin as a substrate for UGT1A1 (K(i) = 3.9 and 3.3 micro M), imipramine as a substrate for UGT1A4 (K(i) = 6.1 and 2.7 micro M), and propofol as a substrate for UGT1A9 (K(i) = 6.0 and 12.0 micro M).	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	202-208
12433823-10	2002	In conclusion, the involvement of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 as well as UGT1A4 in nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in human liver microsomes was suggested, although the contributions of each UGT isoform could not be determined conclusively.	Nicotine	73-81	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	63-69
12434396-0	2002	Nicotine and cotinine modulate cerebral microvascular permeability and protein expression of ZO-1 through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed on brain endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	tight junction protein 1	Bos taurus	93-97
12434396-6	2002	Nicotine and cotinine exposure also resulted in reduced ZO-1 immunoreactivity (tight junctional protein) that occurred in a time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	tight junction protein 1	Bos taurus	56-60
12434396-7	2002	Interestingly, attenuation of bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell (BBMEC) ZO-1 protein expression was reversed using 10 nM BGT, an alpha7 nicotinic acetycholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, suggesting that the effects of nicotine on BBMEC protein expression of ZO-1 protein are mediated by nAChR expressed on brain endothelial cells.	Nicotine	227-235	tight junction protein 1	Bos taurus	80-84
12434396-10	2002	These data provide evidence that nicotine and cotinine alter BBB permeability and tight junctional protein expression of ZO-1, thereby altering the BBB response to stroke conditions.	Nicotine	33-41	tight junction protein 1	Bos taurus	121-125
14578021-10	2002	Mice administered with combinations of nicotine and 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of BZF (i.e. NP-5, NP10 and NP-20 groups), exhibited less intensity and severity of withdrawal effects compared to the mice treated with nicotine alone.	Nicotine	39-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	96-100
14578021-11	2002	Those mice treated with the two highest doses of BZF,in combination with nicotine (NP-10 and NP-20), showed significantly fewer nicotine-abstinence withdrawal jumps and normal ambulatory behaviour.	Nicotine	73-81	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	83-88
14578021-11	2002	Those mice treated with the two highest doses of BZF,in combination with nicotine (NP-10 and NP-20), showed significantly fewer nicotine-abstinence withdrawal jumps and normal ambulatory behaviour.	Nicotine	128-136	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	83-88
12438084-10	2002	By contrast, while muscarine, nicotine, or carbachol (100 micro M) also evoke rapid increases in rat PNMT promoter activity, peak activity is observed at 6 hours, followed by a decline and restoration to basal levels by 24 hours.	Nicotine	30-38	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
12094008-7	2002	The induction of pancreatic injury by nicotine may also involve activation and expression of protooncogene, H-ras, which can increase cytosolic calcium via second messenger pathways.	Nicotine	38-46	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	108-113
12115584-5	2002	Levels of expression of heat shock protein 90 alpha (Hsp90 alpha) were found to be increased 20 min after the nicotine treatment, as analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-based mRNA differential display after Northern blotting analysis of mRNA amounts.	Nicotine	110-118	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	53-64
12115584-6	2002	Cellular contents of Hsp90 alpha were furthermore increased in the nicotine-treated RSa cells, as quantitated by Western immunoblot analysis.	Nicotine	67-75	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	21-32
12115584-7	2002	By contrast, in RSa cells treated with nicotine in combination with geldanamycin (GA), an inhibitor of Hsp90 alpha function, DNA fragmentation was not detected and caspase-3 protease activity levels were the same as those of mock-treated cells.	Nicotine	39-47	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	103-114
11958478-0	2002	Nicotine-induced NO-mediated increase in cortical cerebral blood flow is blocked by beta2-adrenoceptor antagonists in the anesthetized rats.	Nicotine	0-8	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-102
11854451-0	2002	Increased sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures in mice expressing the L250T alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	80-87
11854451-8	2002	Increased sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures occurred despite a 60% decline in brain alpha 7 nAChR protein levels.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	91-104
11854451-10	2002	Recent data from our laboratory show that alpha 7-null mice maintain normal sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	42-49
11854451-11	2002	Hence, these present findings suggest that alterations in the properties rather than absence of alpha 7 nAChRs might affect the mechanisms underlying the convulsive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	179-187	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	96-103
11893908-6	2002	Pretreatment with the alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine inhibited the seizures induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	22-47
11905997-8	2002	Down stream of PKA, the activity of B-Raf was significantly decreased by nicotine in SH-SY5Y cells, as determined by direct measurement of MEK1 phosphorylation or in vitro kinase assays, whereas the modulation of MEK1 phosphorylation by Raf-1 tended to increase.	Nicotine	73-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
11905997-8	2002	Down stream of PKA, the activity of B-Raf was significantly decreased by nicotine in SH-SY5Y cells, as determined by direct measurement of MEK1 phosphorylation or in vitro kinase assays, whereas the modulation of MEK1 phosphorylation by Raf-1 tended to increase.	Nicotine	73-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	213-217
25381636-6	2015	In conclusion, nicotine-induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions occur in a dose-dependent fashion in both of the cell lines tested.	Nicotine	15-23	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	51-56
11812255-4	2002	Over the last decade it has been suggested that 5-HT1A receptor antagonists may have therapeutic utility in such diseases as depression, anxiety, drug and nicotine withdrawal as well as schizophrenia.	Nicotine	155-163	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	48-63
25381636-7	2015	Furthermore, the nicotine exposure equivalent to plasma levels found in regular smokers can augment VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	119-124
25151121-0	2014	Nicotine mediates oxidative stress and apoptosis through cross talk between NOX1 and Bcl-2 in lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
11521162-12	2001	Facilitatory nicotine receptors are present which are activated by applied nicotine or by blocking cholinesterase.	Nicotine	13-21	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	99-113
25151121-3	2014	We found that chronic exposure to nicotine (48h) induced NOX1-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis in primary pulmonary cells.	Nicotine	34-42	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
25151121-6	2014	In the early phase of exposure (1h), nicotine mediated intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes and activation of protein kinase C, which in its turn activated NOX1, leading to cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress.	Nicotine	37-45	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
25151121-8	2014	Overexpression of Bcl-2 completely prevented nicotine"s detrimental effects, suggesting Bcl-2as a downstream key regulator in nicotine/NOX1-induced cell damage.	Nicotine	45-53	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
11425507-5	2001	Considering that elevated GluR1 expression in the VTA has been associated with increased sensitivity to drug reward, the finding that BSR and drugs of abuse have opposite effects on GluR1 expression in this region may provide an explanation for why the reward-related effects of many drugs (cocaine, morphine, amphetamine, PCP, nicotine) do not sensitize with repeated testing in BSR procedures that quantify reward strength.	Nicotine	328-336	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	182-187
25151121-8	2014	Overexpression of Bcl-2 completely prevented nicotine"s detrimental effects, suggesting Bcl-2as a downstream key regulator in nicotine/NOX1-induced cell damage.	Nicotine	126-134	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
25151121-9	2014	These results suggest that NOX1 is a major contributor to the generation of intracellular oxidative stress induced by nicotine and might be an important molecule to target in nicotine-related lung pathologies.	Nicotine	118-126	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
25151121-9	2014	These results suggest that NOX1 is a major contributor to the generation of intracellular oxidative stress induced by nicotine and might be an important molecule to target in nicotine-related lung pathologies.	Nicotine	175-183	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
11331423-0	2001	Effects of protracted nicotine exposure and withdrawal on the expression and phosphorylation of the CREB gene transcription factor in rat brain.	Nicotine	22-30	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
11331423-1	2001	Addiction to nicotine may result in molecular adaptations in the neurocircuitry of specific brain structures via changes in the cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene transcription program.	Nicotine	13-21	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-173
11331423-1	2001	Addiction to nicotine may result in molecular adaptations in the neurocircuitry of specific brain structures via changes in the cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene transcription program.	Nicotine	13-21	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
11331423-4	2001	On the other hand, decreases in the expression of CREB protein and phosphorylation of CREB occur in the cingulate gyrus, and in the parietal and the piriform but not in the frontal cortex during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	195-203	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
11331423-4	2001	On the other hand, decreases in the expression of CREB protein and phosphorylation of CREB occur in the cingulate gyrus, and in the parietal and the piriform but not in the frontal cortex during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	195-203	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
24916432-4	2014	In this study, we examined the role of mTORC1 in the amygdala in nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	65-73	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	39-45
11331423-4	2001	On the other hand, decreases in the expression of CREB protein and phosphorylation of CREB occur in the cingulate gyrus, and in the parietal and the piriform but not in the frontal cortex during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	228-236	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
11331423-4	2001	On the other hand, decreases in the expression of CREB protein and phosphorylation of CREB occur in the cingulate gyrus, and in the parietal and the piriform but not in the frontal cortex during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	228-236	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
11331423-5	2001	It was also observed that CREB and p-CREB protein levels were significantly decreased in the medial and basolateral, but not in the central amygdala during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	156-164	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
8490731-7	1993	However, in the groups receiving nicotine through the end of gestation or through gestation and into the postnatal period, ODC activity was significantly elevated.	Nicotine	33-41	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
24916432-7	2014	The initiation of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization was accompanied by the increased phosphorylated level of mTORC1 downstream target proteins including p-p70s6k and p-4EBP in the BLA, but not CeA.	Nicotine	18-26	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	116-122
11331423-5	2001	It was also observed that CREB and p-CREB protein levels were significantly decreased in the medial and basolateral, but not in the central amygdala during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	156-164	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
11331423-5	2001	It was also observed that CREB and p-CREB protein levels were significantly decreased in the medial and basolateral, but not in the central amygdala during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	197-205	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
1603334-3	1992	However, at concentrations of thymopoietin of up to 1 microM, [3H]nicotine binding to high affinity sites was not inhibited.	Nicotine	66-74	thymopoietin	Rattus norvegicus	30-42
24916432-10	2014	Our findings indicated that mTORC1 activity in the BLA, but not the CeA, mediated the initiation and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization, and may become a potential target for the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	115-123	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	28-34
1603334-5	1992	These results suggest that thymopoietin selectively interacts with the nicotinic alpha-bungarotoxin binding site labelled by [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin rather than the neuronal nicotinic receptor(s) labelled by [3H]nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	thymopoietin	Rattus norvegicus	27-39
11331423-5	2001	It was also observed that CREB and p-CREB protein levels were significantly decreased in the medial and basolateral, but not in the central amygdala during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	197-205	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
11331423-8	2001	These results provide the first evidence that decreased CREB activity and/or expression in specific cortical and amygdaloid brain structures may be involved in the underlying molecular mechanisms of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	199-207	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
24916432-10	2014	Our findings indicated that mTORC1 activity in the BLA, but not the CeA, mediated the initiation and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization, and may become a potential target for the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	212-220	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	28-34
25259522-2	2014	A signaling pathway downstream from the alpha7 nAChRs, which involves the collaboration of JAK2/STAT3 and NF-kappaB to interfere with signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), has been implicated in this anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	231-239	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
25259522-5	2014	By using selective inhibitors of different signaling molecules downstream from the receptor, we provide evidence that activation of STAT3, via either JAK2 and/or PI3K, through a single (JAK2/PI3K/STAT3) or two convergent cascades (JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/STAT3), is necessary for nicotine-induced IRAK-M expression.	Nicotine	276-284	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
23496648-8	2014	In addition, P rats received more self-infusions of 50 and 100 muM nicotine than Wistar rats; including a 5HT3 receptor antagonist (LY-278,584 or zacopride) with nicotine reduced responding on the active lever.	Nicotine	67-75	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	106-119
11251213-0	2001	Nicotine accelerates reversal of long-term potentiation and enhances long-term depression in the rat hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
11251213-2	2001	Because nicotine enhances learning and memory, we examined if nicotine modulates DP and LTD in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	62-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
11251213-3	2001	Bath application of nicotine during LFS accelerated DP, that is, potentiated synaptic responses in hippocampal CA1 neurons returned to pre-tetanic control levels more rapidly in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	20-28	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
11251213-3	2001	Bath application of nicotine during LFS accelerated DP, that is, potentiated synaptic responses in hippocampal CA1 neurons returned to pre-tetanic control levels more rapidly in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	194-202	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
1993899-2	1991	Nicotine, histamine, and vasoactive intestinal peptide each enhanced the rate of proenkephalin synthesis approximately 10-fold when examined between 16 and 32 h after the drug or hormone addition.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	81-94
2054621-0	1991	Nicotine exerts differential effects on different CA1 hippocampal cell types.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1850066-1	1991	The expression of proenkephalin A (ProEnk A) mRNA and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA in response to nicotine and to a number of secretagogues was examined in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	120-128	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	18-33
1850066-2	1991	Prolonged incubation with nicotine (10 microM) resulted in a 2-fold increase in ProEnk A mRNA but had no significant effect on the level of PNMT mRNA.	Nicotine	26-34	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	80-88
11314674-0	2001	Effects of MK-801 and nicotine combinations on memory consolidation in CD1 mice.	Nicotine	22-30	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	71-74
11181818-3	2001	We found that coinjection of dopaminergic D1 (SCH23390) or D2 (haloperidol) receptor antagonists prevents nicotine-induced elevation of FGF-2 expression.	Nicotine	106-114	solute carrier family 3 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-84
11100974-7	2000	In rat brain, the affinity chromatography and [125I]cotinine receptor essays were used to isolate a 40-kDa protein (p40) with higher affinity for cotinine than alpha-bungarotoxin and nicotine.	Nicotine	183-191	septin 3	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
23496648-8	2014	In addition, P rats received more self-infusions of 50 and 100 muM nicotine than Wistar rats; including a 5HT3 receptor antagonist (LY-278,584 or zacopride) with nicotine reduced responding on the active lever.	Nicotine	162-170	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	106-119
1761181-9	1991	Decrease in the pD2 value of nicotine in the preparation from the older rabbit is due to a decline in choline acetyltransferase activity followed by a reduction in the acetylcholine released, and not to a change in characteristics of nicotine receptors.	Nicotine	29-37	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: choline O-acetyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	102-127
24838753-0	2014	Nicotine alters mucin rheological properties.	Nicotine	0-8	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	16-21
1865760-0	1991	Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure sensitizes rat brain to acute postnatal nicotine challenge as assessed with ornithine decarboxylase.	Nicotine	17-25	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-134
11173554-9	2000	The delayed death of the CA1 hippocampal neurons occurring after transient occlusion was attenuated by pretreatment with nicotine (30--100 microg/kg) to approximately 50% of the total neurons.	Nicotine	121-129	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
11032889-1	2000	Nicotine treatment increases intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i), stimulates catecholamine release, and elevates gene expression for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH).	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	218-243
11032889-1	2000	Nicotine treatment increases intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i), stimulates catecholamine release, and elevates gene expression for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH).	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	245-248
11032889-7	2000	These agonists were more effective than nicotine alone in increasing TH and DBH gene expression and significantly elevated [Ca(2+)](i) for up to 6 h. The increase in [Ca(2+)](i) or the elevation in TH mRNA by 3-CA was completely inhibited by alphaBTX.	Nicotine	40-48	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
1865760-0	1991	Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure sensitizes rat brain to acute postnatal nicotine challenge as assessed with ornithine decarboxylase.	Nicotine	75-83	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-134
11324441-0	2000	Long-term potentiation induced by nicotine in CA1 region of hippocampal slice is Ca(2+)-dependent.	Nicotine	34-42	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
24838753-3	2014	We investigated whether nicotine can directly alter the rheological properties of mucin by examining its physicochemical interactions with human airway mucin gels secreted from A549 lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	24-32	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	82-87
11324441-1	2000	AIM: To observe the effects of Ca2+ on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by nicotine in CA1 region of rat hippocampal slice.	Nicotine	91-99	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
24838753-3	2014	We investigated whether nicotine can directly alter the rheological properties of mucin by examining its physicochemical interactions with human airway mucin gels secreted from A549 lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	24-32	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	152-157
11324441-3	2000	RESULTS: Nicotine 1 mumol.L-1 induced LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	9-17	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
11324441-6	2000	CONCLUSION: LTP induced by nicotine in hippocampal CA1 region is Ca(2+)-dependent.	Nicotine	27-35	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
1865760-3	1991	In control rats, the ODC response to nicotine was absent at birth and developed during the second postnatal week in parallel with the known ontogenetic rise of nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	37-45	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
1865760-4	1991	Offspring of the nicotine-infused dams exhibited hyper-reactivity of ODC to postnatal acute nicotine challenge: the response developed earlier than in controls and subsequently the magnitude of the effect was 2-3 times greater.	Nicotine	17-25	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
24838753-4	2014	Swelling kinetics and multiple particle tracking were utilized to assess mucin gel viscosity change when exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	116-124	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	73-78
24830635-7	2014	Addition of nicotine to HFD further resulted in an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular apoptosis and was associated with activation of caspase 2, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and perturbation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio.	Nicotine	12-20	caspase 2	Mus musculus	143-152
1865760-4	1991	Offspring of the nicotine-infused dams exhibited hyper-reactivity of ODC to postnatal acute nicotine challenge: the response developed earlier than in controls and subsequently the magnitude of the effect was 2-3 times greater.	Nicotine	92-100	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
24830635-8	2014	Together, our data indicate the involvement of caspase 2 and iNOS-mediated apoptotic signaling in nicotine plus HFD-induced hepatocellular apoptosis.	Nicotine	98-106	caspase 2	Mus musculus	47-56
10698667-10	2000	In both groups, collagen-induced platelet aggregation was restrained immediately after NI, when the plasma concentration of nicotine was maximal, and was restored after 2 h. Two hours after NI, activation-dependent P-selectin surface expression in isolated platelets increased in both groups.	Nicotine	124-132	selectin P	Homo sapiens	215-225
24440829-0	2014	Agmatine attenuates nicotine induced conditioned place preference in mice through modulation of neuropeptide Y system.	Nicotine	20-28	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	96-110
24621512-0	2014	Nicotine activates YAP1 through nAChRs mediated signaling in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).	Nicotine	0-8	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	19-23
10646530-3	2000	Western blot analysis showed that treatment of SH-SY5Y cells for 72 h with the cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine (10(-5) M), donepezil (10(-5) M), and galanthamine (10(-5) M), nicotine (10(-5) M), and epibatidine (10(-7) M) increased tau levels as detected with Tau-1, AT 8, and AT 270 monoclonal antibodies and binding of [3H]epibatidine.	Nicotine	176-184	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	79-93
24621512-3	2014	In this study, we find nicotine administration can induce nuclear translocation and activation of YAP1 in ESCC.	Nicotine	23-31	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	98-102
10670425-0	2000	Anxiogenic effects of nicotine in the dorsal hippocampus are mediated by 5-HT1A and not by muscarinic M1 receptors.	Nicotine	22-30	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	73-79
10670425-4	2000	However, the decrease in social interaction after nicotine (50 nmol) was completely reversed by the specific 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY 100635 (0.4 nmol) after co-administration of both drugs into the dorsal hippocampus.	Nicotine	50-58	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	109-124
10670425-5	2000	Thus, the anxiogenic effect of nicotine in this brain region seems to be mediated by 5-HT1A, but not M1, receptors.	Nicotine	31-39	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	85-91
10651151-5	2000	Nociceptin 0.1 micromol/kg reduced the nicotine-induced vasopressor response by about 40% but at doses up to 1 micromol/kg failed to affect the increase in blood pressure evoked by noradrenaline.	Nicotine	39-47	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10651151-6	2000	The inhibitory action of nociceptin on the electrically and nicotine-induced increase in blood pressure was attenuated by the ORL1 receptor antagonists naloxone benzoylhydrazone (5 micromol/kg) and/or [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]-nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (1 micromol/kg) but was not affected by naloxone 10 micromol/kg.	Nicotine	60-68	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
10651151-6	2000	The inhibitory action of nociceptin on the electrically and nicotine-induced increase in blood pressure was attenuated by the ORL1 receptor antagonists naloxone benzoylhydrazone (5 micromol/kg) and/or [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]-nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (1 micromol/kg) but was not affected by naloxone 10 micromol/kg.	Nicotine	60-68	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
24621512-4	2014	Consistently, we observed nuclear translocation and activation of YAP1 by knockdown of CHRNA3, which is a negative regulator of nicotine signaling in bronchial and esophageal cancer cells.	Nicotine	128-136	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
24621512-4	2014	Consistently, we observed nuclear translocation and activation of YAP1 by knockdown of CHRNA3, which is a negative regulator of nicotine signaling in bronchial and esophageal cancer cells.	Nicotine	128-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-93
10577393-2	1999	Perinatal administration of nicotine produces a broad spectrum of effects on brain development, including inhibition of DNA synthesis, altered ornithine decarboxylase activity, altered neurotransmitter function, and significant alterations in cortical morphogenesis.	Nicotine	28-36	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-166
24621512-7	2014	This process likely requires PKC activation, as PKC specific inhibitor Enzastaurin can block nicotine induced YAP1 activation.	Nicotine	93-101	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	110-114
10803206-6	1999	The alpha 4 nAChR is associated mainly with the beta 2 subunit, and may form a component of the nicotinic pain pathways modulating the antinociceptive effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	12-17
24621512-8	2014	In addition, we find nicotine signaling also inhibits the interaction of YAP1 with P63, which contributes to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on apoptosis.	Nicotine	21-29	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
24621512-8	2014	In addition, we find nicotine signaling also inhibits the interaction of YAP1 with P63, which contributes to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on apoptosis.	Nicotine	134-142	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
24621512-11	2014	Together, these findings suggest that the nicotine activated nAChRs signaling pathway which further activates YAP1 plays an important role in the development of esophageal cancer, and this mechanism may be of a general significance for the carcinogenesis of smoking related cancers.	Nicotine	42-50	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	110-114
24457151-0	2014	Nicotine shifts the temporal activation of hippocampal protein kinase A and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 to enhance long-term, but not short-term, hippocampus-dependent memory.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	76-117
10594335-0	1999	Induction of pulmonary cytochrome P4501A1: interactive effects of nicotine and mecamylamine.	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-41
10508890-9	1999	GSH levels in cells exposed to smokeless tobacco extract containing 4 and 0.8 mg nicotine remained significantly lower than the control with the addition of SOD and CAT.	Nicotine	81-89	catalase isozyme 1	Nicotiana tabacum	165-168
24457151-4	2014	Therefore, the present study examined the effects of nicotine on STM and LTM and the involvement of PKA, ERK1/2, and protein synthesis in the nicotine-induced enhancement of hippocampus-dependent contextual learning in C57BL/6J mice.	Nicotine	142-150	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	105-111
10341367-5	1999	The results suggest that nicotine alters the activity of the GnRH pulse generator, and that cholinergic neurons appear to be directly involved in suppressing pulsatile secretion of LH.	Nicotine	25-33	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
24457151-8	2014	In addition, inhibition of dorsal hippocampal PKA activity blocked the effect of acute nicotine on learning, and nicotine shifted the timing of learning-related PKA and ERK1/2 activity in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.	Nicotine	113-121	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	169-175
10235262-6	1999	The alpha4 nAChR subunit, possibly associated with the beta2 nAChR subunit, is therefore crucial for nicotine-elicited antinociception.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	11-16
24457151-9	2014	Thus, the present results suggest that nicotine specifically enhances LTM through altering the timing of PKA and ERK1/2 signaling in the hippocampus, and suggests that the timing of PKA and ERK1/2 activity could contribute to the strength of memories.	Nicotine	39-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	113-119
10466743-4	1999	PAMP (&gt; or =1 microM) significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced increases of TH- and DBH mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	53-61	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
24457151-9	2014	Thus, the present results suggest that nicotine specifically enhances LTM through altering the timing of PKA and ERK1/2 signaling in the hippocampus, and suggests that the timing of PKA and ERK1/2 activity could contribute to the strength of memories.	Nicotine	39-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	190-196
24399025-8	2014	Both Erk-JNK-p38 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways could be activated by nicotine treatment in Raw264.7 and El4 cells.	Nicotine	71-79	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	13-16
24549570-10	2014	Moreover, both activation of dopamine-D1 receptor/PKA signaling pathway and histone deacetylation/CBP mediated transcription are required for the nicotine priming effect in the DG.	Nicotine	146-154	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	29-49
11768168-5	1999	Use of knock-out mice lacking individual nAChR subunits has also begun to elucidate how nicotine exerts its actions from the molecular level to the behavioral level.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	41-46
24368177-0	2014	Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine leads to augmented hepatic and circulating triglycerides in adult male offspring due to increased expression of fatty acid synthase.	Nicotine	31-39	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	152-171
24368177-7	2014	Given that FAS is regulated by the nuclear receptor Liver X receptor (LXRalpha), we measured LXRalpha expression in both control and nicotine-exposed offspring.	Nicotine	133-141	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
11768168-6	1999	Experiments using mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR have shown that binding of nicotine to receptors containing this subunit is the first step in a pathway leading to increased dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopamine system, and ultimately to the behavioral effects of nicotine in a test of nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-61
11768168-6	1999	Experiments using mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR have shown that binding of nicotine to receptors containing this subunit is the first step in a pathway leading to increased dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopamine system, and ultimately to the behavioral effects of nicotine in a test of nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	282-290	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-61
11768168-6	1999	Experiments using mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR have shown that binding of nicotine to receptors containing this subunit is the first step in a pathway leading to increased dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopamine system, and ultimately to the behavioral effects of nicotine in a test of nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	282-290	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-61
11768168-7	1999	Mice deficient in various alpha subunits of the nAChR will identify the partners of beta2 mediating the addictive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	48-53
9922707-6	1999	The N-nAChR are activated by nicotine and choline, and RAMIC are antagonized by methyllycaconitine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	6-11
24368177-8	2014	Nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation led to an increase in hepatic LXRalpha protein expression and enriched binding to the putative LXRE element on the FAS promoter in PND 180 male offspring.	Nicotine	0-8	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-105
9869416-0	1998	Differential induction by methyl jasmonate of genes encoding ornithine decarboxylase and other enzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco cell cultures.	Nicotine	115-123	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	61-84
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	139-147	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
9813140-4	1998	Pretreatment with nicotine caused a significant inhibition of LPS-induced IL-1, IL-8, and PGE2 expression at the transcriptional level in U937 cells.	Nicotine	18-26	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	74-78
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	268-276	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-105
9808692-11	1998	The pharmacological and regional comparisons suggest that the nAChR that stimulates [3H]-GABA release is the one that binds [3H]-nicotine with high affinity (alpha4beta2).	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-67
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	268-276	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
23990377-1	2014	Through linkage analysis, candidate gene approach, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), many genetic susceptibility factors for substance dependence have been discovered such as the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) for alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit variants on chromosomes 8 and 15 for nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	342-350	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	217-222
9832189-4	1998	Both Ach and nicotine produced NO signals ranging from 0.04 to 2.14 microM in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus that lasted for 2-5 min.	Nicotine	13-21	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
24045616-4	2014	SNPs in EGLN2 are also associated with nicotine dependence and with smoking efficiency (CO/CPD).	Nicotine	39-47	egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 2	Homo sapiens	8-13
9774145-2	1998	Nicotine induced maximum oxidative stress in brain mitochondria, as seen from a 1.9-fold (P &lt; 0.001) increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and a 2-fold (P &lt; 0.001) increase in glutathione S-transferase (GST) A4-4 (also referred to as rGST 8-8) activities.	Nicotine	0-8	glutathione S-transferase alpha 4	Rattus norvegicus	203-239
9774145-2	1998	Nicotine induced maximum oxidative stress in brain mitochondria, as seen from a 1.9-fold (P &lt; 0.001) increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and a 2-fold (P &lt; 0.001) increase in glutathione S-transferase (GST) A4-4 (also referred to as rGST 8-8) activities.	Nicotine	0-8	glutathione S-transferase alpha 4	Rattus norvegicus	261-269
24107512-5	2014	In the circulation, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus, we find that nicotine promotes an increase in CD3(+)CD4(+) cells via its activation of the alpha4 nAChR and regulation of G protein subunit o, G protein regulated-inducer of neurite outgrowth, and CDC42 signaling within T cells.	Nicotine	66-74	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	99-102
9572803-2	1998	However, the effect of nicotine on nitric oxide synthase-dependent increases in macromolecular transport is not known.	Nicotine	23-31	putative nitric oxide synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	35-56
24107512-5	2014	In the circulation, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus, we find that nicotine promotes an increase in CD3(+)CD4(+) cells via its activation of the alpha4 nAChR and regulation of G protein subunit o, G protein regulated-inducer of neurite outgrowth, and CDC42 signaling within T cells.	Nicotine	66-74	cell division cycle 42	Mus musculus	250-255
24035914-7	2014	In addition, this receptor is essential to mediate rewarding properties of non-opioid drugs of abuse, with a demonstrated implication of beta-endorphin for cocaine and nicotine.	Nicotine	168-176	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	137-151
9606035-0	1998	Acetylcholine and nicotine stimulate the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor from cultured human bronchial epithelial cells.	Nicotine	18-26	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	52-100
9606035-5	1998	Nicotine (1 microM) increased GM-CSF release to a similar extent, and this effect was prevented by 30 microM (+)-tubocurarine.	Nicotine	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	30-36
24055496-3	2014	Whether or not a smoker transitions to nicotine dependence has clear genetic contributions, and variants in the genes encoding the alpha5-alpha3-beta4 nicotinic receptor subunits most strongly contribute to differences in the risk for developing nicotine dependence among smokers.	Nicotine	246-254	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	131-150
2052491-0	1991	Nicotine-induced alteration in Tyr-Gly-Gly and Met-enkephalin in discrete brain nuclei reflects altered enkephalin neuron activity.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2052491-0	1991	Nicotine-induced alteration in Tyr-Gly-Gly and Met-enkephalin in discrete brain nuclei reflects altered enkephalin neuron activity.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2052491-3	1991	Acute administration of nicotine may alter enkephalin release without affecting brain enkephalin level.	Nicotine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2052491-6	1991	Thus we examined the thesis that nicotine alters brain neuronal enkephalin release, by measuring Tyr-Gly-Gly levels in specific brain nuclei from rats treated with nicotine 0.3 mg/kg SC 10 min before decapitation.	Nicotine	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
2052491-8	1991	Concomitantly, nicotine produced a significant decrease in native Met-enkephalin in central amygdala, flocculo-nodular lobe of cerebellum, caudal part of the ventrolateral medulla and intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord.	Nicotine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	123-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	123-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
2052491-10	1991	Furthermore, some of the physiologic and pharmacologic effects of nicotine may be mediated by such enkephalin release.	Nicotine	66-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
24327734-8	2013	After exposing adults to nicotine, fos expression was activated in subregions of the IPN enriched for specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits.	Nicotine	25-33	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	35-38
1957048-2	1991	The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH) were measured in the liver and the brain, after treatment with an extract of cannabis resin, with an extract of tobacco leaves, or with nicotine.	Nicotine	216-224	aldehyde dehydrogenase	Nicotiana tabacum	74-78
24371803-1	2013	BACKGROUND: This study aims to validate pro-oxidant actions of nicotine (N), using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the antioxidant glutathione (G) in an in vitro model of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human oral periosteal fibroblasts (HPF); radiolabelled androgens are used as biomarkers of redox status.	Nicotine	63-71	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	196-199
2170253-10	1990	NPY-synthesis in ganglia seems to be regulated by nicotinic receptor activity; secondary stimulation by eg reserpine stimulates and nicotine antagonists decrease NPY-synthesis.	Nicotine	132-140	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	162-165
2170253-11	1990	Many classical pharmacological agents including guanethidine, clonidine, yohimbine, angiotensin II, nicotine and desipramine influence NPY release.	Nicotine	100-108	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	135-138
33818369-7	2022	Nicotine-exposed males only showed lower IRS1 in VAT, while the females had hyperglycemia, higher pAKT in VAT, while lower IRbeta, IRS1, and GLUT4 in SAT.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
25214750-5	2013	The genetic variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region that predict nicotine dependence also predict a later age of smoking cessation in a community-based sample.	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-41
33804804-3	2021	CaMKII is involved in long-term potentiation induction, which underlies the consolidation of learning and memory; however, the roles of CaMKII in nicotine and other psychostimulant-induced addiction still require further investigation.	Nicotine	146-154	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma	Mus musculus	136-142
33804804-4	2021	This article reviews the molecular mechanisms and crucial roles of CaMKII and ERK in nicotine and other stimulant drug-induced addiction.	Nicotine	85-93	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma	Mus musculus	67-73
23978469-1	2013	Perinatal nicotine exposure downregulated angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in the developing brain and increased brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic injury in male neonatal rats.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-72
33804804-6	2021	In the last section, we introduce the association of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cellular chaperones of fatty acid-binding protein 3 in the context of nicotine-induced addiction in the mouse nucleus accumbens and provide a novel target for the treatment of drug abuse affecting dopaminergic systems.	Nicotine	155-163	fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart	Mus musculus	108-136
23978469-1	2013	Perinatal nicotine exposure downregulated angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in the developing brain and increased brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic injury in male neonatal rats.	Nicotine	10-18	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
23978469-6	2013	Nicotine exposure significantly increased the methylation of a single CpG-52 locus near the TATA-box at AT2R promoter.	Nicotine	0-8	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
23978469-8	2013	Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further demonstrated an increase in the binding of a methyl-binding protein and a decrease in TBP binding to AT2R promoter in vivo in neonatal brains of nicotine-treated animals.	Nicotine	189-197	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
34170054-0	2022	Activation of trace amine-associated receptor 1 attenuates nicotine withdrawal-related effects.	Nicotine	59-67	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-47
34170054-3	2022	Recent study suggested that trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a promising pharmacological target for the modulation of positive reinforcing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	162-170	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-61
23459442-0	2013	COMT Val158Met modulates subjective responses to intravenous nicotine and cognitive performance in abstinent smokers.	Nicotine	61-69	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
34170054-3	2022	Recent study suggested that trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a promising pharmacological target for the modulation of positive reinforcing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	162-170	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
34170054-4	2022	However, whether TAAR1 plays a part in the negative reinforcement of nicotine withdrawal remains to be determined.	Nicotine	69-77	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
34170054-7	2022	TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397 significantly reduced the physical and motivational withdrawal effects of nicotine in LA rats, as reflected by increased time spent on the open arm in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, normalized paw withdrawal threshold, decreased withdrawal signs and motivation to self-administer nicotine.	Nicotine	106-114	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
34170054-7	2022	TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397 significantly reduced the physical and motivational withdrawal effects of nicotine in LA rats, as reflected by increased time spent on the open arm in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, normalized paw withdrawal threshold, decreased withdrawal signs and motivation to self-administer nicotine.	Nicotine	316-324	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
34170054-8	2022	This study indicates that activation of TAAR1 attenuates the negative-reinforcing effects of nicotine withdrawal and further suggests TAAR1 as a promising target to treat nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	93-101	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
34170054-8	2022	This study indicates that activation of TAAR1 attenuates the negative-reinforcing effects of nicotine withdrawal and further suggests TAAR1 as a promising target to treat nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	171-179	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
34170054-8	2022	This study indicates that activation of TAAR1 attenuates the negative-reinforcing effects of nicotine withdrawal and further suggests TAAR1 as a promising target to treat nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	171-179	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
34839021-2	2022	The ODC is a key precursor enzyme for nicotine and nornicotine biosynthesis in plants.	Nicotine	38-46	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	4-7
34839021-7	2022	Our results suggest that ODC can be effectively used as an ideal candidate for engineering polyamine biosynthesis and would be crucial for developing ultra-low nicotine content tobacco lines via genome editing.	Nicotine	160-168	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	25-28
34963197-0	2022	Administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ventral tegmental area produces a switch from a nicotine nondependent D1R-mediated motivational state to a nicotine dependent-like D2R-mediated motivational state.	Nicotine	107-115	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	18-51
23459442-1	2013	The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism may be a risk factor for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	88-96	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-32
23459442-1	2013	The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism may be a risk factor for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	88-96	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
24021241-0	2013	Persistent gene expression changes in NAc, mPFC, and OFC associated with previous nicotine or amphetamine exposure.	Nicotine	82-90	complement factor properdin	Mus musculus	43-47
34963197-0	2022	Administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ventral tegmental area produces a switch from a nicotine nondependent D1R-mediated motivational state to a nicotine dependent-like D2R-mediated motivational state.	Nicotine	166-174	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	18-51
34963197-4	2022	A single BDNF injection in the ventral tegmental area (in the absence of chronic nicotine treatment) caused mice to behave as if they were nicotine-dependent and in withdrawal, switching the neurobiological substrate mediating the conditioned motivational effects from dopamine D1 receptors to D2 receptors.	Nicotine	139-147	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	9-13
34963197-5	2022	Quantification of gene expression of BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB), revealed an increase in TrkB mRNA but not BDNF mRNA in the VTA in nicotine-dependent and -withdrawn mice.	Nicotine	164-172	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	37-41
34963197-6	2022	These results suggest that BDNF signaling in the VTA is a critical neurobiological substrate for the transition to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	115-123	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	27-31
34732192-0	2021	Nicotine regulates autophagy of human periodontal ligament cells through alpha7 nAchR that promotes secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1beta and IL-8.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	134-142
34732192-3	2021	To investigated the mechanism through which nicotine regulates autophagy of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) through the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) and how autophagy further regulates the release of IL-1beta and IL-8 secretion in hPDLCs.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-169
34732192-7	2021	RT-qPCR and ELISA results revealed a noticeable rise in the release of inflammatory factors IL-1beta and IL-8 from hPDLCs in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	137-145	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	92-100
34732192-8	2021	RT-qPCR and ELISA results showed that nicotine can significantly up-regulate the release of inflammatory factors IL-1beta and IL-8 in hPDLCs, and this effect can be inhibited by 3-MA (p < 0.05).	Nicotine	38-46	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	113-121
34153408-0	2021	Nicotine facilitates pancreatic fibrosis by promoting activation of pancreatic stellate cells via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
34153408-13	2021	Moreover, nicotine also activated the alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rPSCs.	Nicotine	10-18	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
34153408-15	2021	SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding in this research suggests that nicotine facilitates pancreatic fibrosis by promoting activation of pancreatic stellate cells via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats, partly revealing the mechanism of smoking on chronic pancreatitis.	Nicotine	57-65	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	181-186
34171359-0	2021	Nicotine stimulates CYP1A1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AP-1, NF-kappaB, and AhR.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	20-26
34171359-2	2021	Here, the effects of nicotine, a major psychoactive compound present in cigarette smoke, on CYP1A1 expression and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation were investigated.	Nicotine	21-29	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
34171359-3	2021	Nicotine stimulated CYP1A1 expression via the transcription factors, activator protein 1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	20-26
34171359-4	2021	Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as RelA (or p65), mediated the upregulation of CYP1A1 of nicotine in HepG2 cells.	Nicotine	169-177	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	159-165
34171359-5	2021	The antioxidant compound, N-acetyl-cysteine, abrogated nicotine-activated production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited CYP1A1 expression by nicotine.	Nicotine	147-155	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	126-132
34171359-7	2021	Thus, these results demonstrated that AhR played an important role in nicotine-induced CYP1A1 expression.	Nicotine	70-78	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
34171359-8	2021	Additionally, liver hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with nicotine exhibited markedly enhanced proliferation via CYP1A1 expression and Akt activation.	Nicotine	70-78	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	125-131
34646814-0	2021	Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Selective Detection of Nicotine and Menthol in E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Liquids and Aerosols.	Nicotine	92-100	gastrin	Homo sapiens	17-20
34646814-5	2021	We developed a simple, versatile, high-throughput method using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantifying nicotine and menthol concentrations in both e-liquid contents and machine-generated aerosol emissions of EVPs.	Nicotine	133-141	gastrin	Homo sapiens	80-83
34545710-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions at the level of normal oral mucosa keratinocyte cells.	Nicotine	82-90	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	94-115
34545710-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions at the level of normal oral mucosa keratinocyte cells.	Nicotine	82-90	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
34545710-6	2022	RESULTS: HSP70 expressions in the three stressor groups (estrogen, cortisol, and nicotine) were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.0001).	Nicotine	81-89	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
34545710-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: The specific concentrations of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine as stressors can effectively reduce the expression of HSP70 in normal oral mucosal keratinocytes.	Nicotine	68-76	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
34595181-2	2021	Previously we showed, that a recombinant analogue of human SLURP-1 (rSLURP-1) diminishes the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell proliferation and abolishes the nicotine-induced growth stimulation.	Nicotine	155-163	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	59-66
34595181-2	2021	Previously we showed, that a recombinant analogue of human SLURP-1 (rSLURP-1) diminishes the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell proliferation and abolishes the nicotine-induced growth stimulation.	Nicotine	155-163	secreted Ly6/Plaur domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-76
34274434-0	2021	Nicotine Prevents in vivo Abeta Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans via SKN-1.	Nicotine	0-8	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	71-76
34274434-6	2021	Moreover, the pathway responsible for nicotine alleviating Abeta-induced toxicity in vivo was explored by observing the oxidative stress resistance of skn-1 or daf-16 mutants in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	38-46	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	151-156
34274434-6	2021	Moreover, the pathway responsible for nicotine alleviating Abeta-induced toxicity in vivo was explored by observing the oxidative stress resistance of skn-1 or daf-16 mutants in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	38-46	Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O	Caenorhabditis elegans	160-166
34274434-6	2021	Moreover, the pathway responsible for nicotine alleviating Abeta-induced toxicity in vivo was explored by observing the oxidative stress resistance of skn-1 or daf-16 mutants in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	194-202	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	151-156
34274434-6	2021	Moreover, the pathway responsible for nicotine alleviating Abeta-induced toxicity in vivo was explored by observing the oxidative stress resistance of skn-1 or daf-16 mutants in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	194-202	Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O	Caenorhabditis elegans	160-166
34274434-11	2021	Nicotine enhanced the oxidative stress resistance of C. elegans, which was mediated by SKN-1 but not DAF-16 signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	87-92
34274434-12	2021	Furthermore, skn-1 RNAi abrogated the effect of nicotine reducing Abeta deposits in vivo and completely blocked nicotine preventing Abeta induced worm paralysis.	Nicotine	48-56	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	13-18
34274434-12	2021	Furthermore, skn-1 RNAi abrogated the effect of nicotine reducing Abeta deposits in vivo and completely blocked nicotine preventing Abeta induced worm paralysis.	Nicotine	112-120	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	13-18
34274434-13	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine reduces Abeta oligomer formation and alleviates Abeta-induced paralysis of C. elegans, which is mediated by SKN-1 signaling.	Nicotine	13-21	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	130-135
34413168-5	2021	Cytotoxic drugs, crude tobacco products, benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine, and multiple other toxic compounds were shown to exhibit rapid PD-L1/PD-1 upregulation.	Nicotine	57-65	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	130-135
34302119-0	2021	Correction: Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-120
34273166-0	2021	Nicotine promotes vascular calcification via intracellular Ca2+-mediated, Nox5-induced oxidative stress and extracellular vesicle release in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	0-8	NADPH oxidase 5	Homo sapiens	74-78
34245815-4	2021	The present study demonstrated that in male offspring of the PNE group (the pregnant rats were subcutaneously administered nicotine 1.0 mg/kg twice per day (2.0 mg/kg.d) at GD11-20), the cartilage matrix of the fetal growth plate was lightly stained, the collagen was reduced, and expression of the matrix phenotype genes, ACAN and Col2A1, was significantly decreased.	Nicotine	123-131	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	332-338
34245815-7	2021	In vitro, the nicotine treatment at different concentrations elevated the expression of Snail/HDAC1/2 while decreasing the H3K9/H3K14 levels in the ACAN and Col2A1 promoter regions.	Nicotine	14-22	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	157-163
34245815-8	2021	Snail-siRNA transfection partially abolished the nicotine-induced increase in HDAC1/2 expression and decreased the histone acetylation levels in the ACAN and Col2A1 promoter regions.	Nicotine	49-57	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	158-164
34206324-1	2021	The gene cluster region, CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4, encoding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, contains several genetic variants linked to nicotine addiction and brain disorders.	Nicotine	155-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
34163103-5	2021	CP may lead to pancreatic cancer through oncogenic mutations, mostly in patients with hereditary CP, and in patients in whom risk factors for pancreatic cancer (e.g., nicotine and alcohol abuse) are also present.	Nicotine	167-175	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	0-2
35305449-0	2022	Chronic nicotine up-regulates hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and ANA-12 inhibits nicotine conditioned place preference in mice.	Nicotine	8-16	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	42-46
35059736-12	2022	Furthermore, nicotine exposure increased the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and gasdermin D in 16HBE cells.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	77-85
35182342-6	2022	Our findings revealed that nicotine treatment induced significant increases in the incidence of micronucleus, sperm abnormalities, and expression levels of AChE in addition to inducing histopathological changes in rat testis.	Nicotine	27-35	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
35182342-7	2022	On the other hand, administration of FS or NFS with nicotine significantly decreased the incidence of micronuclei and the percentage of sperm abnormalities as well as the expression levels of AChE gene.	Nicotine	52-60	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
35038444-2	2022	The goal of this study was to assess the role of two specific regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins namely RGS2 and RGS4 in the above described effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	166-174	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	118-122
35038444-9	2022	Nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects were observed in both male and female RGS2 WT mice, but not in mice lacking RGS2 compared to respective controls.	Nicotine	0-8	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	97-101
35038444-14	2022	Taken together, these data provide evidence that RGS2, but not RGS4, plays a role in mediating the rewarding and antidepressant-like effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	144-152	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	49-53
9600643-1	1998	A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocked nicotine abstinence signs and increased weight loss in male, nicotine-dependent rats during withdrawal precipitated by the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine or the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone.	Nicotine	42-50	putative nitric oxide synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	2-23
9600643-1	1998	A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocked nicotine abstinence signs and increased weight loss in male, nicotine-dependent rats during withdrawal precipitated by the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine or the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone.	Nicotine	103-111	putative nitric oxide synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	2-23
9495872-0	1998	Sensitivity to the seizure-inducing effects of nicotine is associated with strain-specific variants of the alpha 5 and alpha 7 nicotinic receptor subunit genes.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	107-145
9527622-5	1997	The nicotine-induced [Ca2+]i increase in AVP-containing neurons was markedly reduced when pre-treated with a protein kinase A (PKA) blocker, H89 (40 microM).	Nicotine	4-12	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	109-125
9527622-5	1997	The nicotine-induced [Ca2+]i increase in AVP-containing neurons was markedly reduced when pre-treated with a protein kinase A (PKA) blocker, H89 (40 microM).	Nicotine	4-12	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
9527622-6	1997	These findings suggest that nicotine, a known neurotransmitter in the SON, activates AVP-containing neurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor which is linked to stimulation of cAMP-PKA-regulated Ca2+ signaling pathway.	Nicotine	28-36	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	184-187
9459196-6	1997	This study has examined whether nicotine or ethanol modulate glucocorticoid action in the placenta or fetus by inhibiting 11beta-HSD2, using clonal cell cultures, freshly isolated dually perfused intact human placentas and placentas from in vivo treated rats.	Nicotine	32-40	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	122-133
9266775-9	1997	In addition, 5-HT-1A antagonists may be able to relieve some nicotine withdrawal symptoms in man and may represent a novel pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	61-69	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	13-20
9387186-0	1997	Nicotine enhances expression of the alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, and alpha 7 nicotinic receptors modulating calcium metabolism and regulating adhesion and motility of respiratory epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	67-74
9255161-11	1997	Preinjection of blocking doses of unlabeled epibatidine, (-)-nicotine, lobeline and cytisine significantly inhibited [18F]FPH binding in thalamus and superior colliculus, but not in cerebellum, whereas drugs that interact with binding sites other than acetylcholine recognition sites of nAChR (e.g., mecamylamine, scopolamine, N-methylspiperone and ketanserin) had no effect on [18F]FPH accumulation in any of the brain regions examined.	Nicotine	57-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	287-292
9084060-1	1997	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh-R) agonists such as (-)-nicotine and related compounds on brain monoamine turnover.	Nicotine	119-131	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-92
9084060-1	1997	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh-R) agonists such as (-)-nicotine and related compounds on brain monoamine turnover.	Nicotine	119-131	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	94-100
9084060-4	1997	The (-)-nicotine (1.0 mg/kg)-induced changes in monoamine turnover were blocked by pretreatment with the centrally acting nACh-R channel blocker mecamylamine (2.0 mg/kg i.p.)	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	122-128
8930570-9	1996	RESULTS: Treatment with nicotine caused a significant inhibition of IL-10 production by NAC.	Nicotine	24-32	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	88-91
9023586-5	1996	Exposure to nicotine decreased the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing both CD28 and CTLA-4 and decreased the intensity of CD28 expression.	Nicotine	12-20	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	78-82
9023586-5	1996	Exposure to nicotine decreased the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing both CD28 and CTLA-4 and decreased the intensity of CD28 expression.	Nicotine	12-20	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	125-129
9023586-6	1996	Responding T cells exposed to nicotine produced significantly less Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but significantly more Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	82-86
9023586-6	1996	Responding T cells exposed to nicotine produced significantly less Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but significantly more Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	140-144
9023586-8	1996	Thus, exposure of T cells to physiological concentrations of STE or nicotine can alter the T cell expression of CD28 and CTLA-4, and the CD4 T cell cytokine expression pattern.	Nicotine	68-76	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	112-116
8842401-1	1996	We tested whether cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus of young rats would result in an enhancement of CA1 pyramidal cell responsiveness to nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
8682860-6	1996	This peptide blocked completely the nicotine-induced recruitment of p36 to the cell periphery and strongly inhibited exocytosis evoked by either nicotine or high K+.	Nicotine	36-44	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	68-71
7870173-1	1995	Nicotine affects many aspects of behaviour including learning and memory through its interaction with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	111-144
7870173-1	1995	Nicotine affects many aspects of behaviour including learning and memory through its interaction with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	146-151
7861137-0	1995	Natriuretic peptides inhibit nicotine-induced whole-cell currents and catecholamine secretion in bovine chromaffin cells: evidence for the involvement of the atrial natriuretic factor R2 receptors.	Nicotine	29-37	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	158-183
7996469-13	1994	Spinal transection at the T1-2 level eliminated the nociceptive response to nicotine but not the pressor response.	Nicotine	76-84	brachyury 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
7801775-3	1994	Either positive or negative inotropic and chronotropic responses were elicited following injections of nicotine into A-PGP.	Nicotine	103-111	PGP	Canis lupus familiaris	119-122
7801775-5	1994	After acute decentralization, nicotine (100 micrograms) was again injected into the same locus of A-PGP.	Nicotine	30-38	PGP	Canis lupus familiaris	100-103
7953625-7	1994	To investigate a possible dopaminergic (DA) link in the response, we examined the sensitivity of the nicotine-induced effect to DA D1 (SCH23390) and D2 (sulpiride) receptor antagonists.	Nicotine	101-109	solute carrier family 3 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-172
7949240-0	1994	Effects of nicotine on the concentration of native and cryptic Met- and Leu-enkephalin in peripheral tissues.	Nicotine	11-19	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	72-86
7949240-6	1994	This regimen of nicotine also affected the concentration of Leu-enkephalin in adrenal medulla, jejunum and spleen.	Nicotine	16-24	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	60-74
8164692-9	1994	Medullary induction is likely to have a neurogenic origin, as nur77 expression was not inhibitable by dexamethasone pretreatment and induction was seen after treatment with the cholinergic neurotransmitter nicotine.	Nicotine	206-214	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	62-67
23926288-1	2013	High concentrations of nicotine, as in the saliva of oral tobacco consumers or in smoking cessation aids, have been shown to sensitize/activate recombinant transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (rTRPV1) and mouse TRPA1 (mTRPA1) channels.	Nicotine	23-31	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-209
23624270-2	2013	Treatment with nicotine stimulated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the PC12 cells expressing nNOS (NPC12 cells) as compared with that in control PC12 cells.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
23624270-2	2013	Treatment with nicotine stimulated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the PC12 cells expressing nNOS (NPC12 cells) as compared with that in control PC12 cells.	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
23624270-3	2013	An inhibitor of L-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel suppressed the nicotine-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.	Nicotine	71-79	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
23624270-7	2013	These data suggest that NO promotes nicotine-triggered Ca(2+) transient in PC12 cells to activate possibly CaMKII, leading to sequential phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	36-44	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
23624270-7	2013	These data suggest that NO promotes nicotine-triggered Ca(2+) transient in PC12 cells to activate possibly CaMKII, leading to sequential phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
23624270-7	2013	These data suggest that NO promotes nicotine-triggered Ca(2+) transient in PC12 cells to activate possibly CaMKII, leading to sequential phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.	Nicotine	36-44	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	169-175
23674840-5	2013	RESULTS: Exposure to nicotine was at its lowest among ABS with a mean (SE) cotinine level of 3.2 (1.4) ng/ml compared, respectively, with 214.6 (43.8) and 397.9 (57.4) for MUL and CIG (p &lt; .001).	Nicotine	21-29	tripartite motif containing 37	Homo sapiens	172-175
23674840-7	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Urinary cotinine levels found among MUL are high enough to indicate a significant exposure to nicotine originating from the mulling process.	Nicotine	107-115	tripartite motif containing 37	Homo sapiens	49-52
23849545-8	2013	After the majority of (R)-nicotine is selectively demethylated by CYP82E4, CYP82E5v2 and CYP82E10 in the root, nicotine and nornicotine are translocated to leaf, where more nicotine becomes demethylated.	Nicotine	22-34	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	89-97
23849545-8	2013	After the majority of (R)-nicotine is selectively demethylated by CYP82E4, CYP82E5v2 and CYP82E10 in the root, nicotine and nornicotine are translocated to leaf, where more nicotine becomes demethylated.	Nicotine	26-34	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	89-97
23849545-8	2013	After the majority of (R)-nicotine is selectively demethylated by CYP82E4, CYP82E5v2 and CYP82E10 in the root, nicotine and nornicotine are translocated to leaf, where more nicotine becomes demethylated.	Nicotine	111-119	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	89-97
23681163-12	2013	Overall, TBA-1, CDC-42, EIF3.C, ARP-6, and Y45F10D.4 were the most reliable reference genes for mutigenerational nicotine-exposed study.	Nicotine	113-121	Tubulin alpha chain	Caenorhabditis elegans	9-14
23681163-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Of the 16 tested gene candidates, TBA-1 and CDC-42 were the two most stable reference genes for performing reliable gene expression normalization in the multigenerational impact of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	194-202	Tubulin alpha chain	Caenorhabditis elegans	47-52
23664126-10	2013	CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the influence of PN exposure is enduring, and suggests that the PN-induced modification of orexin expression on mesolimbic circuitry may contribute to the reported changes in motivated behaviors related to food and drug reward observed in offspring prenatally exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	310-318	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	130-136
23831084-1	2013	The orexigenic peptide ghrelin plays a prominent role in the regulation of energy balance and in the mediation of reward mechanisms and reinforcement for addictive drugs, such as nicotine.	Nicotine	179-187	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	23-30
23831084-10	2013	Ghrelin further stimulated the nicotine-induced dopamine release and this effect was abolished by mecamylamine and was partially inhibited by GHRP-6.	Nicotine	31-39	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
34998854-0	2022	Corrigendum to "nAChRs-ERK1/2-Egr-1 signaling participates in the developmental toxicity of nicotine by epigenetically down-regulating placental 11beta-HSD2" (Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.	Nicotine	92-100	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
23831084-11	2013	The present results demonstrate that ghrelin stimulates directly the dopamine release and amplifies the nicotine-induced dopamine release in the rat striatum.	Nicotine	104-112	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	37-44
34998854-0	2022	Corrigendum to "nAChRs-ERK1/2-Egr-1 signaling participates in the developmental toxicity of nicotine by epigenetically down-regulating placental 11beta-HSD2" (Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.	Nicotine	92-100	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	145-156
23831084-12	2013	We presume that striatal cholinergic interneurons also express GHS-R1A, through which ghrelin can amplify the nicotine-induced dopamine release in the striatum.	Nicotine	110-118	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	86-93
35085258-0	2022	Nicotine treatment regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression via inhibition of Akt pathway in HER2-type breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	29-34
35085258-4	2022	The PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in SK-BR-3 cells, but not those in HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 cells, decreased by nicotine stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	109-117	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	4-9
35085258-6	2022	These results show that nicotine regulates the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.	Nicotine	24-32	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-95
23836294-1	2013	The orexigenic peptide ghrelin plays a prominent role in the regulation of energy balance and in the mediation of reward processes and reinforcement for addictive drugs, such as nicotine.	Nicotine	178-186	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	23-30
35111269-8	2022	Result: We found that nicotine exposure stimulated the HCC tumorigenicity by inducing the expression of one of the key nAChRs subunit that is alpha7nAChR as well as the expression of Janus kinase (JAK)-2.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	142-153
35111269-11	2022	Moreover, DHCT treatment also inhibits the cancer stem cell phenotype by inhibiting the tumor-sphere formation and reducing the number of ALDH1+ cells population in nicotine-stimulated HCC cells.	Nicotine	165-173	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	138-143
35111269-12	2022	Conclusions: Taken together, the presented results indicate the positive effect of inhibition of nicotine induced overexpression of alpha7nAChR and JAK2, unique to HCC.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	132-143
23939223-6	2013	We found that prenatal exposure to nicotine in Snap25 heterozygote null mice produced a deficit in the D2R-dependent induction of LTD, although CB1R regulation of plasticity was not impaired.	Nicotine	35-43	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	144-148
35111269-12	2022	Conclusions: Taken together, the presented results indicate the positive effect of inhibition of nicotine induced overexpression of alpha7nAChR and JAK2, unique to HCC.	Nicotine	97-105	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	148-152
35111269-13	2022	Thus, these findings suggest the nicotine effect on HCC progression via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2 signaling pathways, and DHCT treatment enhances the therapeutic potential of HCC patients via overcoming/reversing the effect of nicotine in HCC patients.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-83
35053378-0	2022	Age-Dependent and Pathway-Specific Bimodal Action of Nicotine on Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Mice Lacking the miR-132/212 Genes.	Nicotine	53-61	microRNA 132	Mus musculus	124-131
35053378-9	2022	However, nicotine stimulation promoted CA3-CA1 synaptic potentiation in mature adult (not adolescent) wild-type and suppressed MPP-DG synaptic potentiation in miRNA-132/212-/- mice.	Nicotine	9-17	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	43-46
35013841-5	2022	We find that chronic exposure to 1 muM nicotine upregulated alpha7, beta2-contained nAChRs and PDLIM5 in cultured hippocampal neurons, and the upregulation of alpha7nAChRs and PDLIM5 is increased more on the cell membrane than the cytoplasm.	Nicotine	39-47	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	60-66
34997096-5	2022	2-deoxy-D-glucose, a central vagal stimulant suppressed OXZ colitis, and nicotine also ameliorated OXZ colitis with suppressing Th2 cytokines, which was reversed by alpha7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	165-176
34997096-7	2022	Furthermore, nicotine suppressed CCL21-induced bone marrow-derived pDC migration due to Rac 1 inactivation, which was reversed by methyllycaconitine, a JAK2 inhibitor AG490 or caspase-3 inhibitor AZ-10417808.	Nicotine	13-21	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	152-156
35017179-4	2022	nAChRs containing alpha4 and beta2 subunits are responsible for the high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain and are densely expressed by reward-relevant neurons, most notably dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area.	Nicotine	82-90	proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like	Nicotiana tabacum	18-24
24093007-3	2013	Of interest to our laboratory has been the assessment of the impact of GHR modulation of the locomotor activation and reward/reinforcement properties of psychostimulants such as cocaine and nicotine.	Nicotine	190-198	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
24062692-4	2013	Recently, variants in the nAChR genes CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 have been implicated in nicotine dependence and lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-44
2841012-1	1988	Bath-application of nicotine (800 microM) to mouse hippocampal slices resulted in an increase in the amplitude of the population spike and the appearance of multiple population spikes in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer.	Nicotine	20-28	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	191-194
23872218-2	2013	CHRNA3/B4 intergenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1948 and rs8023462 have been associated with early initiation of alcohol and tobacco use, and rs6495309 has been associated with nicotine dependence and risk for lung cancer.	Nicotine	191-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
2841012-5	1988	The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the electrophysiological effects of nicotine on CA1 pyramidal cell excitability is mediated by disruption of GABAergic transmission.	Nicotine	88-96	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	100-103
3598770-2	1987	Nicotine enhanced CA1 population spikes (PS) evoked by Schaffer collateral stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner (100 microM to 3.2 mM).	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	18-21
23872451-8	2013	The inhibitory effect of nicotine upon 5-HT DRN neurons was dependent on serotonin release inside the DRN, since it was converted into a stimulatory response by the selective antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (WAY100635, 25nM).	Nicotine	25-33	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	189-195
23872451-11	2013	These data indicate that, in the experimental model of adrenalectomised rats implanted with corticosterone pellets, nicotine increases the function of 5-HT1A receptors of 5-HT DRN neurons.	Nicotine	116-124	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
2435729-0	1987	Involvement of ion channels in the induction of proenkephalin A gene expression by nicotine and cAMP in bovine chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	83-91	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	48-63
23475432-8	2013	Upon nicotine pre-exposure, brain acetylcholinesterase increased, while monoamine oxidase (MAO) decreased.	Nicotine	5-13	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	72-89
2435729-1	1987	The involvement of Na+ and Ca2+ channels in the stimulatory effect of nicotine and cAMP upon proenkephalin A mRNA (mRNA ENK) levels in primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was analyzed.	Nicotine	70-78	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	93-108
2435729-6	1987	These results suggest that the induction of proenkephalin A gene expression by cAMP and nicotine involves the modulation of ion channels.	Nicotine	88-96	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	44-59
3714724-5	1986	Levels of LDL precursors, very low density (VLDL) and intermediate density (IDL) lipoproteins, were also lower in nicotine-treated primates while total postheparin lipase (LPL + HTGL) activity was significantly elevated.	Nicotine	114-122	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	172-175
23475432-8	2013	Upon nicotine pre-exposure, brain acetylcholinesterase increased, while monoamine oxidase (MAO) decreased.	Nicotine	5-13	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
23604333-0	2013	The effect of nicotine on sensorimotor gating is modulated by a CHRNA3 polymorphism.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-70
23604333-2	2013	Moreover, the TT genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha3-subunit (CHRNA3) rs1051730 polymorphism has previously been associated with diminished PPI and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-96
23604333-3	2013	OBJECTIVES: We tested whether this CHRNA3 polymorphism also modulates the nicotine-induced enhancement of PPI.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-41
3012729-0	1986	Increase of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level after exposure to cigarette smoke and nicotine infusion in dogs.	Nicotine	92-100	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Canis lupus familiaris	18-47
23748423-4	2013	Nicotine in the same plasma concentration range found in smokers increased the CD36(+)/CD14(+) cell population in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increased CD36 expression of human THP1 macrophages, and increased macrophage production of reactive oxygen species, PKCdelta phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	273-281
3012729-4	1986	A similar elevation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level was noted in dogs that received an intravenous administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Canis lupus familiaris	29-58
23748423-5	2013	Nicotine-induced CD36 expression was suppressed by antioxidants and by specific PKCdelta and PPARgamma inhibitors, implicating mechanistic roles for these intermediates.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	80-88
23602986-7	2013	Cotinine also increased the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in a similar fashion as nicotine.	Nicotine	79-87	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	47-54
6360060-4	1983	Adrenergic development was determined by stimulation of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in response to sympathetic activation induced by nicotine, isoproterenol or insulin.	Nicotine	152-160	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-87
7093743-5	1982	The inhibition of specific 125I-alpha BTX binding to the hippocampal homogenates by nicotine, d-tubocurarine and other nicotine drugs was studied.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
7093743-5	1982	The inhibition of specific 125I-alpha BTX binding to the hippocampal homogenates by nicotine, d-tubocurarine and other nicotine drugs was studied.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
23884938-7	2013	Experimental determinations as well as computational studies of subunit stoichiometry showed that nicotine favors assembly of pentamers with (alpha3)2(beta4)3 stoichiometry; these are less prone than (alpha3)3(beta4)2 receptors to proteasomal degradation and, because of the presence in the beta subunit of an endoplasmic reticulum export motif, more efficiently transported to the plasma membrane.	Nicotine	98-106	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	142-156
7138238-2	1982	As compared with control it was established that combined MNNG and nicotine long-term administration led to the occurrences: 1) stomach pretumorous changes of the whole mucous membrane; 2) earlier development of stomach cancer tumors and its frequency was doubled; 3) progressive decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity, especially expressed in homogenates of cerebrum hemispheres, hypothalamic region and medulla oblongata (where this activity is practically failed to be expressed).	Nicotine	67-75	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	292-312
23433232-1	2013	Nicotine and tonic dopamine (DA) levels [as inferred by catechol-O-methyl tranferase (COMT) Val158Met genotype] interact to affect prefrontal processing.	Nicotine	0-8	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	56-84
7340009-4	1981	Using this inhalation system and cigarettes delivering tar (total particulate matter, water and nicotine free) equal to 1, 4 and 20 mg/cigarette, it has been shown that induction of AHH in male Sprague-Dawley rat lung is an extremely sensitive system to inhaled cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	96-104	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
8173474-0	1994	Do the benefits of nicotine help beat the addiction rap?	Nicotine	19-27	LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
8371718-3	1993	The alpha 2 beta 2 subunit combination is insensitive to the nicotinic antagonist neuronal bungarotoxin (NBT) and is much more sensitive to nicotine than to ACh.	Nicotine	140-148	MGC75582, possible similarity to act2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-11
23433232-1	2013	Nicotine and tonic dopamine (DA) levels [as inferred by catechol-O-methyl tranferase (COMT) Val158Met genotype] interact to affect prefrontal processing.	Nicotine	0-8	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	86-90
23433232-5	2013	A significant nicotine x COMT genotype interaction for BOLD signal during performance feedback in cortico-striatal areas was seen.	Nicotine	14-22	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	25-29
316012-4	1979	Animals smoking high-nicotine cigarettes had significantly lower serum alpha 1-antitrypsin activities than controls.	Nicotine	21-29	serpin family A member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	71-90
23433232-10	2013	Although these results are preliminary due to small sample size, they suggest a possible neurobiological mechanism underlying the clinical observation that Val/Val homozygotes, presumably with elevated COMT activity compared to Met allele carriers and therefore reduced prefrontal DA levels, have poorer outcomes with nicotine replacement therapy.	Nicotine	318-326	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	202-206
316012-5	1979	Low-nicotine smokers showed alpha 1-antitrypsin activities that were not significantly different from those of controls.	Nicotine	4-12	serpin family A member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	28-47
23543412-7	2013	Challenge with nicotine triggered phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the thymoma viral proto-oncogene (Akt), followed by activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase.	Nicotine	15-23	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	216-222
8100172-7	1993	The increases in PEK mRNA induced by nicotine or bFGF were inhibited by the calcium antagonist TMB-8.	Nicotine	37-45	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	17-20
23543412-9	2013	These effects were dependent on functional DA D3 receptor (D3R), because nicotine was inactive both in cultures from D3R KO mice and after pharmacologic blockade with D3R antagonist trans-N-4-2-(6-cyano-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)ethylcyclohexyl-4-quinolinecarboxamide (SB-277011-A) (50 nM).	Nicotine	73-81	dopamine receptor D3	Mus musculus	46-57
23543412-9	2013	These effects were dependent on functional DA D3 receptor (D3R), because nicotine was inactive both in cultures from D3R KO mice and after pharmacologic blockade with D3R antagonist trans-N-4-2-(6-cyano-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)ethylcyclohexyl-4-quinolinecarboxamide (SB-277011-A) (50 nM).	Nicotine	73-81	dopamine receptor D3	Mus musculus	59-62
633081-7	1978	The cardiac responses to nicotine developed somewhat differently, with significant ODC stimulation first appearing at 12 days in controls and at 8 days in methadone-treated pups.	Nicotine	25-33	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
23543412-10	2013	Finally, exposure to nicotine in utero (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) resulted in increased soma area of DAergic neurons of newborn mice, effects not observed in D3 receptor null mutant mice mice.	Nicotine	21-29	dopamine receptor D3	Mus musculus	156-167
23301-2	1978	Nicotine 3 mg/kg/day for 14 days, increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in hypothalamus and adrenal medulla but did change striatum TH.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	74-99
23301-2	1978	Nicotine 3 mg/kg/day for 14 days, increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in hypothalamus and adrenal medulla but did change striatum TH.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
1944275-0	1991	Mammalian stress proteins HSP70 and HSP28 coinduced by nicotine and either ethanol or heat.	Nicotine	55-63	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
23543412-11	2013	These findings indicate that nicotine-induced structural plasticity at mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons involves alpha4beta2 nAChRs together with dopamine D3R-mediated recruitment of ERK/Akt-mTORC1 signaling.	Nicotine	29-37	dopamine receptor D3	Mus musculus	157-160
23543412-11	2013	These findings indicate that nicotine-induced structural plasticity at mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons involves alpha4beta2 nAChRs together with dopamine D3R-mediated recruitment of ERK/Akt-mTORC1 signaling.	Nicotine	29-37	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	193-199
23500635-2	2013	Using developing piglets, we aimed to determine the effects of nicotine and Intermittent Hypercapnic Hypoxia (IHH), alone or in combination, on orexin receptor expression in the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	63-71	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	144-150
23500635-10	2013	These results show that nicotine increases orexin receptor expression in a region dependent manner.	Nicotine	24-32	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	43-49
5004510-0	1971	Influence of nicotine on the activity of lipoprotein lipase.	Nicotine	13-21	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	41-59
22705310-7	2013	However, in rats, pharmacological blockade of FAAH significantly inhibits nicotine reward and has no effect in nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	74-82	fatty-acid amide hydrolase-like	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
33878302-1	2021	The low sensitivity (alpha4)3(beta2)2 (LS) and high sensitivity (alpha4)2(beta2)3 (HS) nAChR isoforms may contribute to a variety of brain functions, pathophysiological processes, and pharmacological effects associated with nicotine use.	Nicotine	224-232	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	87-92
33878302-8	2021	Therefore, these results indicate a more prevalent role of HS alpha4beta2 nAChR isoforms in mediating various behavioral effects associated with nicotine, whereas the LS alpha4beta2 nAChR isoform has a limited role in mediating body temperature and nociceptive responses.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-79
33878302-9	2021	These findings will facilitate the development of more selective, efficacious, and safe nAChR-based therapeutics for nicotine addiction treatment.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	88-93
34057209-11	2021	Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type I collagen, type III collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression.	Nicotine	30-38	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	197-200
34050946-1	2021	A transporter of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family, Nicotiana tabacum MATE2 (NtMATE2) is located in the vacuole membrane of the tobacco plant root and is involved in the transportation of nicotine, a secondary or specialized metabolic compound in Solanaceae.	Nicotine	211-219	protein DETOXIFICATION 40-like	Nicotiana tabacum	93-98
34050946-1	2021	A transporter of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family, Nicotiana tabacum MATE2 (NtMATE2) is located in the vacuole membrane of the tobacco plant root and is involved in the transportation of nicotine, a secondary or specialized metabolic compound in Solanaceae.	Nicotine	211-219	protein DETOXIFICATION 40-like	Nicotiana tabacum	100-107
34045967-10	2021	We also found that nicotine offspring showed an increase of neurite length in the molecular layer and CA1 by Tuj1 staining, as well as an increase in the expression of synapse associated protein, PSD95, but the expression of NeuroD1 in CA1 and CA3 reduced.	Nicotine	19-27	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	102-105
1790600-4	1991	Nicotine caused stimulation of ODC within 1 h after drug administration, an effect that displayed both age- and region-dependence corresponding to the development of central nicotinic receptors: effects appeared earliest and were largest in magnitude in midbrain + brainstem and forebrain, and appeared last and with smaller magnitude in the cerebellum.	Nicotine	0-8	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
1790600-6	1991	Later in development, acute stimulation of ODC by nicotine became less selective, reflecting secondary actions mediated through systemic hypoxia caused by the drug; this conclusion was confirmed by the absence of desensitization after repeated nicotine administration, and by the failure of centrally administered nicotine to evoke a full stimulatory response.	Nicotine	50-58	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
1772432-0	1991	Transient down-regulation of c-myc protooncogene expression by the alkaloid nicotine in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells.	Nicotine	76-84	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	29-34
1772432-2	1991	We report herein that the nicotine-induced phenotype change is accompanied by the transient reduced expression of mRNA for the protooncogene c-myc.	Nicotine	26-34	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	141-146
1772432-3	1991	The suppressive effect of nicotine on c-myc mRNA levels is not reversed by the addition of ADP-ribosyl transferase inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide.	Nicotine	26-34	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	38-43
1891072-0	1991	Nicotine-induced alterations in peripheral tissue concentrations of native and cryptic Met- and Leu-enkephalin.	Nicotine	0-8	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	96-110
1891072-4	1991	Subacute repeated administration of nicotine 0.1 mg/kg ip, six times at 30 min intervals, increased native Met- and Leu-enkephalin in adrenal medulla without affecting cryptic Met- and Leu-enkephalin concentrations, consistent with increased processing of larger peptides to Met- and Leu-enkephalin.	Nicotine	36-44	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	116-130
1891072-5	1991	Subacute nicotine decreased splenic concentrations of native and cryptic Met-enkephalin and native Leu-enkephalin, consistent with increased release of Met- and Leu-enkephalin from spleen and decreased synthesis of proenkephalin A or inadequate processing of larger peptides to enkephalin pentapeptides in spleen to compensate for the increased release during this period.	Nicotine	9-17	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	99-113
1891072-5	1991	Subacute nicotine decreased splenic concentrations of native and cryptic Met-enkephalin and native Leu-enkephalin, consistent with increased release of Met- and Leu-enkephalin from spleen and decreased synthesis of proenkephalin A or inadequate processing of larger peptides to enkephalin pentapeptides in spleen to compensate for the increased release during this period.	Nicotine	9-17	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	161-175
1891072-7	1991	Nicotine also increased native Met-enkephalin in jejunum, decreased cryptic Met-enkephalin in heart atrium, increased native Leu-enkephalin in anterior pituitary and decreased cryptic Leu-enkephalin in jejunum.	Nicotine	0-8	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	125-139
1891072-7	1991	Nicotine also increased native Met-enkephalin in jejunum, decreased cryptic Met-enkephalin in heart atrium, increased native Leu-enkephalin in anterior pituitary and decreased cryptic Leu-enkephalin in jejunum.	Nicotine	0-8	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	184-198
34045967-10	2021	We also found that nicotine offspring showed an increase of neurite length in the molecular layer and CA1 by Tuj1 staining, as well as an increase in the expression of synapse associated protein, PSD95, but the expression of NeuroD1 in CA1 and CA3 reduced.	Nicotine	19-27	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	236-239
33607168-9	2021	Methyllycaconitine (an alpha7nAChR antagonist) antagonized the effect of nicotine on decreased social interaction time and prolonged immobility in the forced swimming test, but not increased locomotor activity.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	23-34
23204070-0	2013	Nicotine-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	55-58
33607168-12	2021	The ameliorating effects of nicotine and galantamine on depression-like behaviors in KMO KO mice are associated with the activation of alpha7nAChR.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	135-146
1848710-5	1991	Binding of 125I-labeled thymopoietin was displaced not only by unlabeled thymopoietin but also by alpha-BGT and the nicotinic receptor ligands d-tubocurarine and nicotine; various other receptor ligands (muscarinic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic) did not affect binding of 125I-labeled thymopoietin.	Nicotine	162-170	thymopoietin	Homo sapiens	24-36
33411237-0	2021	Impaired Acquisition of Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 3 Null Mice.	Nicotine	24-32	fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart	Mus musculus	73-101
22843347-9	2013	LHA interventions should focus on improving adherence to nicotine patches and managing depression because it is an independent risk factor for low adherence.	Nicotine	57-65	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
33411237-5	2021	Importantly, nicotine-induced CPP was suppressed in the conditioning, withdrawal, and relapse phases in FABP3-/- mice.	Nicotine	13-21	fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart	Mus musculus	104-109
2208120-6	1990	There were also smaller, but significant, risks associated with exposure to nicotine (OR 1.6) and DDT (OR 1.3).	Nicotine	76-84	olfactory receptor family 10 subfamily K member 1	Homo sapiens	86-92
32726882-3	2021	alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), as a receptor of nicotine and its metabolites, is a potential target for lung cancer treatment.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-39
32726882-3	2021	alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), as a receptor of nicotine and its metabolites, is a potential target for lung cancer treatment.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	41-53
23665840-6	2013	RESULTS: The serum sLOX-1 levels positively correlated with various smoking variables, such as the number of cigarettes smoked per day (r= 0.150, p&lt;0.05), the expired air carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations (r= 0.198, p&lt;0.005) and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scores (r= 0.190, p&lt;0.01).	Nicotine	261-269	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
33739565-9	2021	Gr-1int cells responded to nicotine through alpha7 and alpha9-contained nAChRs, while Gr-1hi did not respond to nicotine.	Nicotine	27-35	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	44-61
33859744-7	2021	In addition, carcinogens, such as nicotine and arecoline, trigger c-MYC-directed NRF2 activation in HNSCC cells.	Nicotine	34-42	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	66-71
32339332-7	2021	Similarly, interference of binding between activated ERK and mGluR5 by the blocking peptide, Tat-mGluR5-i (2 nmol/side), decreased the repeated nicotine-induced increases in IP3 and locomotor activity in adults.	Nicotine	144-152	tyrosine aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
23821941-9	2013	Apart from them, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, cytosolic aldehyde oxidase, amine N-methyltransferase, and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 are involved in the decomposition of nicotine.	Nicotine	177-185	indolethylamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	75-100
33626512-4	2021	Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1beta, IL-18, and gasdermin D.	Nicotine	54-62	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	318-326
33708805-0	2021	Updated Role of Neuropeptide Y in Nicotine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	34-42	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	16-30
23100254-7	2012	Recombinant CYP82E4, CYP82E5v2, and CYP82E10 demethylated (R)-nicotine 3-, 10-, and 10-fold faster than (S)-nicotine, respectively.	Nicotine	104-116	cytochrome P450 CYP82D47-like	Nicotiana tabacum	36-44
33708805-7	2021	Nicotine can increase the expression of NPY, suggesting that NPY is involved in nicotine-induced endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	40-43
33708805-7	2021	Nicotine can increase the expression of NPY, suggesting that NPY is involved in nicotine-induced endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	61-64
33708805-7	2021	Nicotine can increase the expression of NPY, suggesting that NPY is involved in nicotine-induced endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	80-88	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	40-43
33708805-7	2021	Nicotine can increase the expression of NPY, suggesting that NPY is involved in nicotine-induced endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	80-88	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	61-64
33352448-15	2021	Nicotine inhibited premature cervical ripening in PTB-like models in relation with up-regulating the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway and promoting fibroblast to differentiate into myofibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	101-109
22571166-5	2012	RESULTS:   LPS and nicotine synergistically induced the production of PGE(2) , MMP-2 and MMP-9, and increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2 and HIF-1alpha proteins.	Nicotine	19-27	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	79-84
22571166-5	2012	RESULTS:   LPS and nicotine synergistically induced the production of PGE(2) , MMP-2 and MMP-9, and increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2 and HIF-1alpha proteins.	Nicotine	19-27	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
33130925-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The enhancing effects of E2 on nicotine sensitization occur during the induction phase of nicotine sensitization, although require a delay to produce the effects on locomotor activity to nicotine, and may involve non-canonical estrogen pathways (e.g., activation of GPER1).	Nicotine	44-52	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	279-284
22571166-6	2012	Inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity by chetomin or knockdown of HIF1alpha gene expression by small interfering RNA markedly attenuated the production of LPS- and nicotine-stimulated PGE(2) and MMPs, as well as the expression of COX-2 and HIF-1alpha.	Nicotine	160-168	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	191-195
22571166-7	2012	Furthermore, pretreatment with inhibitors of COX-2, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased the expression of nicotine- and LPS-induced HIF-1alpha and COX-2, as well as the activity of PGE(2) and MMPs.	Nicotine	221-229	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	307-311
23137805-3	2012	In this study we sought to investigate the impact of nicotine on the p300 evoked potential component and corresponding fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) activation measures in schizophrenia patients and controls.	Nicotine	53-61	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	69-73
33340828-9	2021	Nicotine, choline, RgIA, and Vc1.1 induced Ca2+ transients in BM-PMNs, enhanced cell adhesiveness and decreased production of ROS indicating involvement of alpha9, possibly co-assembled with alpha10, nAChRs in the BM-PMN activity for recruitment and cytotoxicity.	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6B	Mus musculus	156-162
33130079-0	2021	Maternal nicotine exposure impairs brown adipose tissue via AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha signals in male offspring.	Nicotine	9-17	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	65-70
33130079-7	2021	The expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway were downregulated in the nicotine group at 26 weeks rather than 4 weeks.	Nicotine	104-112	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	53-58
33130079-8	2021	In vitro, 50 muM nicotine decreased the expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway in brown adipocytes.	Nicotine	17-25	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	89-94
33130079-9	2021	SIGNIFICANCE: Maternal nicotine exposure showed the "programming" effect on the decreased brown-like phenotype in BAT of adult male offspring via downregulating AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway.	Nicotine	23-31	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	166-171
23137805-6	2012	We found a nicotine-associated increase in P300-informed fMRI activation in schizophrenia patients and controls, mainly in the anterior cingulate and adjacent medial frontal cortex.	Nicotine	11-19	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	43-47
22926197-0	2012	Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ adipokine gene expression levels are modulated in murine adipose tissues by both nicotine and nACh receptors containing the beta2 subunit.	Nicotine	107-115	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	19-25
32908242-0	2021	Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes: the broad significance.	Nicotine	23-31	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	10-16
33355840-7	2021	Results: The effect of E-cigarettes vapor with or without nicotine stimulated MUC5AC expression in respiratory epithelial cells, but MUC5B was not.	Nicotine	58-66	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	78-84
33355840-8	2021	In addition, we showed that E-cigarettes vapor with and without nicotine induce MUC5AC expression via activation of MAPK (ERK 1/2 and p38) and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	64-72	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	80-86
33355840-9	2021	Conclusion: E-cigarettes vapor with and with nicotine is significantly increased MUC5AC expression in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	45-53	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	81-87
33339145-2	2020	The alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is strongly associated with nicotine reward and withdrawal symptom.	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	50-55
33339145-5	2020	The present experiment investigates the effect of alpha3beta4 nAChR antagonists (TxID and [S9K]TxID) on the expression and reinstatement of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and explores the behaviors of acute nicotine in mice.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-67
33339145-8	2020	Therefore, these findings reveal that the alpha3beta4 nAChR may be a potential target for anti-nicotine addiction treatment.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	54-59
32853043-7	2020	PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), one of the ECM regulators, was significantly increased in females exposed prenatally to e-cig aerosols with nicotine and in males exposed to e-cig aerosols compared with control animals exposed to air.	Nicotine	151-159	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
32853043-7	2020	PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), one of the ECM regulators, was significantly increased in females exposed prenatally to e-cig aerosols with nicotine and in males exposed to e-cig aerosols compared with control animals exposed to air.	Nicotine	151-159	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	7-40
32853043-8	2020	MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), a downstream target of PAI-1, was downregulated in both sexes exposed to e-cig aerosols with nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	58-63
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
33328880-0	2020	Nicotine Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury Through alpha7-nAChR/Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	79-91
33328880-12	2020	Taken together, our findings suggest that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced HT-22 cell injury through activating the alpha7-nAChR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, which indicates that nicotine may be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	116-128
33074245-5	2020	This nAChR is a candidate for the analgesic effects of nicotine as well as the frog toxin epibatidine.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	5-10
32362142-0	2020	Effects of peroxiredoxin 1 on nicotine induced apoptosis in mouse tongue.	Nicotine	30-38	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	11-26
32362142-4	2020	We investigated expression of Prx1 and proteins in apoptosis-related downstream signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in nicotine-treated tongue tissues of wild-type and Prx1 knockout (Prx1+-) mice; we also investigated these processes in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells in vitro.	Nicotine	138-146	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	30-34
32362142-5	2020	Nicotine increased the expression of Prx1 mRNA in tongue tissues in vivo.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	37-41
32362142-6	2020	The rate of apoptosis was similar among the nicotine-treated mice, nicotine-treated + Prx1+- mice and untreated controls.	Nicotine	67-75	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	86-90
32362142-8	2020	In MEF cells, nicotine increased the expression of Prx1 and inhibited apoptosis and expression of p-p38 and p-JNK.	Nicotine	14-22	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	51-55
32362142-10	2020	Nicotine-regulated apoptosis might occur via a Prx1-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	47-51
32767216-1	2020	Our previous studies showed that treatment with alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) agonist nicotine could alleviate systemic inflammation and reduce neuronal loss in the hippocampus and seizure severity in eclampsia.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-87
32894161-9	2020	Nicotine stimulated HIF1A and YAP1 expression by activating cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 (CHRNA7).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-97
32894161-9	2020	Nicotine stimulated HIF1A and YAP1 expression by activating cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 (CHRNA7).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-105
31330570-1	2020	Nicotine self-administration is associated with decreased expression of the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1) and the cystine-glutamate exchange protein xCT within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore).	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	76-103
32423882-4	2020	Nicotine exposure reduced the mRNA expression and protein levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B and impaired FSH-r sensitivity via the downregulation of FSH-r and aromatase gene expression compared to untreated SC.	Nicotine	0-8	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
32423882-4	2020	Nicotine exposure reduced the mRNA expression and protein levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B and impaired FSH-r sensitivity via the downregulation of FSH-r and aromatase gene expression compared to untreated SC.	Nicotine	0-8	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	168-173
32417176-0	2020	Expression analysis of hippocampal and amygdala CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in nicotine-induced reward under stress in rats.	Nicotine	79-87	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
32417176-2	2020	The present study includes an expression analysis to identify the possible role of hippocampal and amygdala CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) activation in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) under exposure to acute or sub-chronic stress.	Nicotine	212-220	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
32417176-2	2020	The present study includes an expression analysis to identify the possible role of hippocampal and amygdala CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) activation in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) under exposure to acute or sub-chronic stress.	Nicotine	212-220	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-151
32417176-3	2020	Using western-blot technique, CREB phosphorylation was shown to increase in the hippocampus and the amygdala following nicotine-induced CPP.	Nicotine	119-127	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
32417176-5	2020	In animals exposed to acute stress, the amygdala ratios of the pCREB/CREB decreased, while pre-treatment of the animals with nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) decreased this ratio only in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	125-133	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
32417176-7	2020	Interestingly, sub-chronic stress-induced increase of nicotine reward only decreased the hippocampal pCREB/CREB ratio.	Nicotine	54-62	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
32417176-11	2020	In summary, the present study indicate that the alterations of the ratio of pCREB/CREB and also the level of BDNF in the hippocampus may be critical for enhancing nicotine reward under stress condition.	Nicotine	163-171	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
32747456-10	2020	Consequently, these data show that the green apple flavorant, farnesene, causes reward-related behavior without nicotine through changes in nAChR stoichiometry that results in an enhanced effect of nicotine on VTA dopamine neurons.	Nicotine	198-206	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	140-145
31867628-0	2020	Genetic and epigenetic analysis revealing variants in the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster associated significantly with nicotine dependence in Chinese Han smokers.	Nicotine	119-127	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
31867628-0	2020	Genetic and epigenetic analysis revealing variants in the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster associated significantly with nicotine dependence in Chinese Han smokers.	Nicotine	119-127	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
32669976-8	2020	Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression.	Nicotine	0-8	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	68-79
31925927-7	2020	Nicotine attenuated X-box-binding protein-1 mRNA site-specific splicing and IRE1alpha autophosphorylation induced by ER stress.	Nicotine	0-8	X-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	20-43
32552811-8	2020	Moreover, MMP12 was increased significantly in male mice exposed to PG with or without nicotine in a nAChRalpha7-dependent manner.	Nicotine	87-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-112
32552811-9	2020	Additionally, sub-chronic e-cig exposure with or without nicotine altered the abundance of ECM proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin, significantly in a sex-dependent manner, but without the direct role of nAChRalpha7 gene.	Nicotine	57-65	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	126-137
32552811-10	2020	Overall, sub-chronic e-cig exposure with or without nicotine affected lung inflammation and repair responses/ECM remodeling, which were mediated by nAChRalpha7 in a sex-dependent manner.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-159
31489997-10	2020	Nicotine concentrations higher than 1 mM reduced the expression of OCN, RunX2, and ALP in a time-dependent manner (p &lt; 0.001).	Nicotine	0-8	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein 2	Mus musculus	67-70
31489997-10	2020	Nicotine concentrations higher than 1 mM reduced the expression of OCN, RunX2, and ALP in a time-dependent manner (p &lt; 0.001).	Nicotine	0-8	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	72-77
32354626-0	2020	Nicotine promotes tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	0-8	Nedd4 family interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	103-109
32354626-10	2020	Functional studies showed that miR-155-5p knockdown could override the enhancement of oncogenic activity due to nicotine exposure in vitro and in vivo by directly interacting with the 3" untranslated regions (UTRs) of NDFIP1.	Nicotine	112-120	Nedd4 family interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	218-224
32354626-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that nicotine-regulated miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 promotes tumor progression and EMT of PDAC.	Nicotine	41-49	Nedd4 family interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	71-77
32198107-13	2020	Nicotine also reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	99-120
32198107-13	2020	Nicotine also reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	122-124
32702718-9	2020	Additionally, sub-chronic e-cig exposure with or without nicotine altered the abundance of ECM proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin significantly in a sex-dependent manner, but without the direct role of nAChR alpha7 gene.	Nicotine	57-65	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	126-137
32408505-2	2020	Robust evidence from animal models suggests that agonists at both the PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma isoforms can reduce both positive and negative reinforcing properties of ethanol, nicotine, opioids, and possibly psychostimulants.	Nicotine	178-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-80
32372703-10	2021	High nicotine dependence in adolescence (30.8%) was a characteristic of women with OED.Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that OED may expose affected women to various unfavorable reproductive health outcomes, particularly women with a history of psychiatric admissions.	Nicotine	5-13	Oregon eye disease	Homo sapiens	83-86
32372703-10	2021	High nicotine dependence in adolescence (30.8%) was a characteristic of women with OED.Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that OED may expose affected women to various unfavorable reproductive health outcomes, particularly women with a history of psychiatric admissions.	Nicotine	5-13	Oregon eye disease	Homo sapiens	131-134
32184221-2	2020	Human genome-wide association studies have linked polymorphisms in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, coding for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4nAChR subunits, to nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-91
32184221-11	2020	These data indicate that beta4 is a critical modulator of reward-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human genetic studies have provided strong evidence for a relationship between variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	240-248	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	216-222
32242247-2	2020	Downregulation of ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and aspartate oxidase resulted in viable plants with a significantly lower nicotine content.	Nicotine	142-150	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	18-41
32242247-9	2020	Down-regulation in arginine decarboxylase, aspartate oxidase, and ornithine decarboxylase consistently resulted in lower levels of nicotine in the leaves of the corresponding plants.	Nicotine	131-139	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	66-89
32092237-0	2020	Unexpected loss of sensitivity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist activity of mecamylamine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine in nicotine-tolerant mice.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-70
32092237-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: There is a long-standing interest in developing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists for concomitant use with nAChR agonists (e.g., nicotine replacement) as complementary smoking cessation aids.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-92
32092237-2	2020	Previous studies demonstrate that daily nicotine treatment confers tolerance to some effects of nicotine, as well as cross-tolerance to other nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	142-147
32241179-0	2020	Genetic interaction between two VNTRs in the MAOA gene is associated with the nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	78-86	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	45-49
31848934-7	2020	Nicotinic receptor subunit gene expression showed significant increases in the brain of zebrafish exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 1 (muscle)	Danio rerio	0-18
31995811-0	2020	Nicotine dependence (trait) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state) modulate attention but not inhibitory control: converging fMRI evidence from the Go-Nogo and Flanker tasks.	Nicotine	0-8	reticulon 4	Homo sapiens	152-156
31995811-9	2020	Go-Nogo fMRI results showed decreased inhibition-related neural activity in right anterior insula and right putamen in smokers and decreased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity on nicotine across groups.	Nicotine	186-194	reticulon 4	Homo sapiens	3-7
31783125-0	2020	Nicotine directly affects milk production in lactating mammary epithelial cells concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor in vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	114-119
31783125-9	2020	Nicotine at 1.0 muM directly inhibited alpha- and beta-casein secretion in lactating MECs concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor without affecting the TJ barrier.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	124-129
32190681-10	2020	In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased.	Nicotine	7-15	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	86-89
32190681-13	2020	In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased.	Nicotine	7-15	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	86-89
31813548-6	2020	Methyllycaconitine citrate (alpha7-nAChR blocker, MLA) inhibited HO-1 expression and the effects of nicotine on autophagy and apoptosis of NMCMs.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-40
31945395-2	2020	Our previous studies have confirmed paternal nicotine exposure causes hyperactivity in the offspring via mmu-miR-15b.	Nicotine	45-53	microRNA 15b	Mus musculus	105-116
31926917-0	2020	Nicotine-induced autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway exerts protective effect in colitis mouse model.	Nicotine	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	36-40
31926917-10	2020	Additionally, nicotine enhanced the expression of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 but decreased the p62 protein level.	Nicotine	14-22	beclin 1, autophagy related	Mus musculus	65-73
31631328-6	2020	Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	304-308
30741440-0	2020	Demonstration of critical role of GRIN3A in nicotine dependence through both genetic association and molecular functional studies.	Nicotine	44-52	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	34-40
30741440-9	2020	Moreover, we demonstrated that nicotine at a concentration of 100 muM decreased expression of GRIN3A in SH-SY5Y and HEK293T cells at the RNA and protein level, respectively.	Nicotine	31-39	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	94-100
32002363-0	2020	Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediates Nicotine-induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-39
32002363-2	2020	The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) is one of the important nicotinic receptors, which nicotine partly by binding to this receptor exerts its effects.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-43
32002363-9	2020	The qRT-PCR revealed that nicotine increased the mRNA levels of alpha7nAChR as well as caspase-3 and suppressed the expression of cyclin B1.	Nicotine	26-34	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	130-139
31835083-8	2020	Additionally, the expression of alpha7-nAChR on KCs was dramatically increased by nicotine treatment, and the protective effects of nicotine on ConA-induced liver injury were significantly suppressed by treatment with methyllycaconitine (MLA), a specific alpha7-nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-44
31835083-8	2020	Additionally, the expression of alpha7-nAChR on KCs was dramatically increased by nicotine treatment, and the protective effects of nicotine on ConA-induced liver injury were significantly suppressed by treatment with methyllycaconitine (MLA), a specific alpha7-nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	132-140	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	255-267
31776253-2	2019	beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are necessary and sufficient for the experience of both nicotine reward and aversion in an intra-VTA (ventral tegmental area) self-administration paradigm.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	7-40
31776253-2	2019	beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are necessary and sufficient for the experience of both nicotine reward and aversion in an intra-VTA (ventral tegmental area) self-administration paradigm.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	42-47
31733211-0	2019	Contribution of cathepsin B-dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation to nicotine-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.	Nicotine	71-79	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	38-43
31733211-3	2019	This study aims to investigate the role of endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome in nicotine-induced disruption of inter-endothelial tight junctions and consequent endothelial barrier dysfunction.	Nicotine	77-85	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	55-60
31733211-4	2019	The confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that mice treated with nicotine exhibited disrupted inter-endothelial tight junctions as shown by decreased ZO-1 and ZO-2 expression in the coronary arterial endothelium, whereas the decreases in ZO-1/2 were prevented by Nlrp3 gene deficiency.	Nicotine	70-78	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	268-273
31733211-5	2019	In cultured endothelial cells, nicotine caused Nlrp3 inflammasome complex formation and enhances the inflammasome activity as shown by increased cleavage of pro-caspase-1, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production.	Nicotine	31-39	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	47-52
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	9-17	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	167-172
31733211-6	2019	Further, nicotine disrupted tight junction and increased permeability in an endothelial cell monolayer, and this nicotine-induced effect was prevented by silencing of Nlrp3 gene, inhibition of caspase-1, or blockade of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).	Nicotine	113-121	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	167-172
31525533-0	2019	Proteome profiling to identify peroxiredoxin 1 interacting protein partners in nicotine-associated oral leukoplakia.	Nicotine	79-87	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	31-46
31525533-2	2019	In our previous studies, we demonstrated that nicotine, the major ingredient in tobacco, can upregulate an important antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), in oral leukoplakia (OLK), an oral precancerous lesion.	Nicotine	46-54	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	136-151
31525533-2	2019	In our previous studies, we demonstrated that nicotine, the major ingredient in tobacco, can upregulate an important antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), in oral leukoplakia (OLK), an oral precancerous lesion.	Nicotine	46-54	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
31525533-4	2019	This study aims to identify regulatory mechanisms of nicotine and identify Prx1 interacting proteins in nicotine-associated OLK.	Nicotine	104-112	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
31525533-8	2019	Our data showed that nicotine upregulated Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2, and downregulated ASK1 in 4NQO-induced OLK in mice, at least in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	21-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Mus musculus	81-85
31525533-8	2019	Our data showed that nicotine upregulated Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2, and downregulated ASK1 in 4NQO-induced OLK in mice, at least in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	21-29	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	145-149
31525533-9	2019	The modulations of Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1 by nicotine were also found in OLK smokers compared to OLK non-smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Mus musculus	43-47
31525533-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may promote OLK development via regulating Prx1 binding proteins Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1.	Nicotine	12-20	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
31525533-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may promote OLK development via regulating Prx1 binding proteins Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1.	Nicotine	12-20	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	86-89
31525533-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may promote OLK development via regulating Prx1 binding proteins Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1.	Nicotine	12-20	GTP binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
31525533-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may promote OLK development via regulating Prx1 binding proteins Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1.	Nicotine	12-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Homo sapiens	110-114
31735744-5	2019	Nicotine reportedly increases the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysms by activating endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensinogen and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, leading to an increase in neutrophil elastase, oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression, which causes vascular wall weakness and damage.	Nicotine	0-8	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	89-101
31735744-5	2019	Nicotine reportedly increases the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysms by activating endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensinogen and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, leading to an increase in neutrophil elastase, oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression, which causes vascular wall weakness and damage.	Nicotine	0-8	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	103-107
31735744-5	2019	Nicotine reportedly increases the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysms by activating endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensinogen and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, leading to an increase in neutrophil elastase, oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression, which causes vascular wall weakness and damage.	Nicotine	0-8	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Mus musculus	198-217
31735744-6	2019	Immunohistological analyses have indicated that isoflavone significantly inhibits the activation of ET-1, angiotensinogen and the AT1 receptor in nicotine-administered mice.	Nicotine	146-154	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	100-104
31735744-7	2019	Additionally, isoflavone suppressed elastic fiber destruction and decreased areas positive for MMP-2, neutrophil elastase, and malondialdehyde in the vascular wall of nicotine-administered mice.	Nicotine	167-175	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Mus musculus	102-121
31129809-6	2019	When kinase signaling was assessed in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampal CA1 region after repeated nicotine administration, both Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were upregulated in WT mice but not in D2RKO mice.	Nicotine	102-110	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	76-79
31129809-7	2019	Likewise, nicotine-induced CPP was associated with elevation of pro- brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and BDNF protein levels in WT mice, but not in D2RKO mice.	Nicotine	10-18	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	69-101
31129809-7	2019	Likewise, nicotine-induced CPP was associated with elevation of pro- brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and BDNF protein levels in WT mice, but not in D2RKO mice.	Nicotine	10-18	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	103-107
31129809-7	2019	Likewise, nicotine-induced CPP was associated with elevation of pro- brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and BDNF protein levels in WT mice, but not in D2RKO mice.	Nicotine	10-18	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	113-117
31302720-1	2019	RATIONALE: The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been implicated as a target in modulating nicotine reward.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-61
31302720-2	2019	However, the effect of pharmacological agents that have been shown to alter the channel properties of the alpha7 nAChR is not well understood in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-118
31302720-3	2019	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the impact of alpha7 nAChR pharmacological modulation on nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice by using positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and a silent agonist.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-70
31302720-8	2019	RESULTS: The alpha7 full orthosteric agonist PNU282987 and the Type II alpha7 nAChR PAM PNU120596 reduced nicotine CPP, while the silent agonist NS6740 and Type I PAM NS1738 had no effect.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	78-83
31302720-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of the alpha7 nAChR can play important roles in nicotine CPP in mice.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-84
31302720-11	2019	In addition, the Type II alpha7 nAChR PAM PNU120596 attenuated nicotine reward suggesting that endogenous acetylcholine/choline tone is sufficient to reduce nicotine CPP.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
31302720-11	2019	In addition, the Type II alpha7 nAChR PAM PNU120596 attenuated nicotine reward suggesting that endogenous acetylcholine/choline tone is sufficient to reduce nicotine CPP.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
31629012-9	2019	Further, cholesterol-replenishment can abrogate nicotine-induced mTOR activation and the following suppression of p-STAT5/Foxp3 pathway and Tregs frequency.	Nicotine	48-56	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	65-69
31629012-9	2019	Further, cholesterol-replenishment can abrogate nicotine-induced mTOR activation and the following suppression of p-STAT5/Foxp3 pathway and Tregs frequency.	Nicotine	48-56	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	116-121
31629012-9	2019	Further, cholesterol-replenishment can abrogate nicotine-induced mTOR activation and the following suppression of p-STAT5/Foxp3 pathway and Tregs frequency.	Nicotine	48-56	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	122-127
31629012-10	2019	In addition, Abcg1 siRNA transfection can partly reverse the nicotine-decreased intracellular cholesterol content and cell frequency of Tregs.	Nicotine	61-69	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Mus musculus	13-18
31578682-0	2019	Nicotine increased VEGF and MMP2 levels in the rat eye and kidney.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
31578682-4	2019	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on VEGF and MMP2 levels in kidney and eyes, where microcirculation is very important for their function.	Nicotine	55-63	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
31578682-7	2019	The VEGF and MMP2 levels were increased in kidney tissue of both genders as a result of given nicotine.	Nicotine	94-102	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
31578682-9	2019	However, VEGF levels increased in the eye tissue with nicotine in males, whereas it did not change in females.	Nicotine	54-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
31578682-10	2019	The use of nicotine made VEGF and MMP2 levels increase in kidney tissue in both genders of rats.	Nicotine	11-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
31325431-12	2019	Both females and males displayed an increase in beta3 and beta4 during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	71-79	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A8	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
31637050-7	2019	The hippocampal Epac2 protein was elevated in both male and female nicotine place conditioning mice.	Nicotine	67-75	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4	Mus musculus	16-21
31299179-0	2019	The alpha7 nicotinic receptor silent agonist R-47 prevents and reverses paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice without tolerance or altering nicotine reward and withdrawal.	Nicotine	151-159	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-29
31443523-0	2019	alpha-Conotoxin TxIB: A Uniquely Selective Ligand for alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice.	Nicotine	122-130	twinfilin actin binding protein 1	Mus musculus	54-77
31443523-0	2019	alpha-Conotoxin TxIB: A Uniquely Selective Ligand for alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	78-110
31443523-9	2019	The current work described the inhibition activity of TxIB in NIC-induced CPP, suggesting that alpha6beta2* nAChR-targeted compound may be a promising drug for nicotine addiction treatment.	Nicotine	62-65	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	108-113
31443523-9	2019	The current work described the inhibition activity of TxIB in NIC-induced CPP, suggesting that alpha6beta2* nAChR-targeted compound may be a promising drug for nicotine addiction treatment.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	108-113
31145916-12	2019	The results of this study will further our knowledge of the role of the beta3 nAChR subunit in nicotine reward and withdrawal behaviors in hopes of finding new molecular targets for smoking cessation aids.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	78-83
31152077-7	2019	The effects of nicotine were abolished by the selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker, methyllycaconitine .	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	97-102
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	130-142
31152077-9	2019	In addition, nicotine significantly enhanced PI3K/Akt and inhibited NF-kappaB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in an alpha7-nAChR-dependent manner, suggesting that nicotine acts on alpha7-nAChRs to inhibit MMP-9 production by macrophages through modulation of the PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	130-142
31092012-0	2019	Peroxynitrite-Mediated SIRT (Sirtuin)-1 Inactivation Contributes to Nicotine-Induced Arterial Stiffness in Mice.	Nicotine	68-76	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	23-39
31092012-2	2019	The aim of the present study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on SIRT1 activity and arterial stiffness.	Nicotine	76-84	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	127-132
31092012-4	2019	In aortas of wild-type mice, nicotine reduced SIRT1 protein and activity by  50% without affecting its mRNA levels.	Nicotine	29-37	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	46-51
31092012-5	2019	In those from Sirt1 Super mice, nicotine also markedly reduced SIRT1 protein and activity to the levels that were comparable to those in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	32-40	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	14-19
31092012-5	2019	In those from Sirt1 Super mice, nicotine also markedly reduced SIRT1 protein and activity to the levels that were comparable to those in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	32-40	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	63-68
31092012-6	2019	Nicotine infusion significantly induced collagen I, fibronectin, and arterial stiffness in wild-type but not Sirt1 Super mice.	Nicotine	0-8	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	52-63
31092012-7	2019	Nicotine increased the levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the co-staining of SIRT1 and 3-nitrotyrosine, a footprint of ONOO- in aortas.	Nicotine	0-8	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	95-100
31092012-8	2019	Tempol, which ablated ONOO- by scavenging superoxide anion, reduced the effects of nicotine on SIRT1 and collagen.	Nicotine	83-91	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	95-100
31092012-12	2019	Conclusions- Nicotine induces ONOO-, which selectively inhibits SIRT1 resulting in a YAP-mediated ECM remodeling.	Nicotine	13-21	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	64-69
31047996-0	2019	Nitric oxide blockade in mediodorsal thalamus impaired nicotine/ethanol-induced memory retrieval in rats via inhibition of prefrontal cortical pCREB/CREB signaling pathway.	Nicotine	55-63	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
31047996-12	2019	Ethanol-induced amnesia, however, decreased this ratio in the PFC while the co-administration of nicotine and ethanol increased the PFC CREB signaling.	Nicotine	97-105	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
31047996-13	2019	Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of L-NAME and the potentiating effect of l-arginine on nicotine response were associated with the decrease and increase of the PFC p-CREB/CREB ratio respectively.	Nicotine	92-100	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
31047996-13	2019	Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of L-NAME and the potentiating effect of l-arginine on nicotine response were associated with the decrease and increase of the PFC p-CREB/CREB ratio respectively.	Nicotine	92-100	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
30974230-10	2019	Similar demethylation effect and increased CHRNA7 expression was obtained in SH-SY5Y cells stimulated concomitantly with valproate and nicotine.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-49
29216386-9	2019	Subsequently, the gene-based association analysis revealed a significantly associated gene, DHRS7, in the AA sample (p = 5.00 x 10-6), a gene previously implicated in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	167-175	dehydrogenase/reductase 7	Homo sapiens	92-97
30926728-0	2019	6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine Dehydrogenase Delivers Electrons to Electron Transfer Flavoprotein during Nicotine Degradation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33.	Nicotine	101-109	hydroxyacid dehydrogenase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	27-40
31384352-9	2019	Results: Nicotine has dose-dependent manner on serum osteocalcin and serum DPD level.	Nicotine	9-17	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
30712397-0	2019	Nicotine-like discriminative stimulus effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and a muscarinic receptor agonist in Rhesus monkeys.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 5	Macaca mulatta	87-106
30712397-6	2019	Oxotremorine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that was used to explore the extent to which muscarinic receptor agonism might contribute to the effects of AChE inhibitors, produced 94% nicotine-lever responding (ED50 value 0.013 mg/kg).	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 5	Macaca mulatta	103-122
31118684-0	2019	Nicotine promotes cervical metastasis of oral cancer by regulating peroxiredoxin 1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	67-82
31118684-3	2019	Materials and methods: To analyze the mechanisms of nicotine-induced cervical metastasis, we investigated whether nicotine induced invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via regulating peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) in CAL 27 cells.	Nicotine	114-122	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	211-226
31118684-3	2019	Materials and methods: To analyze the mechanisms of nicotine-induced cervical metastasis, we investigated whether nicotine induced invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via regulating peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) in CAL 27 cells.	Nicotine	114-122	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	228-232
31118684-4	2019	In addition, we established a mouse model to confirm the roles of nicotine in regulating Ets1/Prx1/EMT signaling in OSCC metastasis.	Nicotine	66-74	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	94-98
31118684-5	2019	Results: We showed that nicotine induced CAL 27 cell invasion, migration, EMT, and Prx1 and Ets1 expression.	Nicotine	24-32	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
31118684-5	2019	Results: We showed that nicotine induced CAL 27 cell invasion, migration, EMT, and Prx1 and Ets1 expression.	Nicotine	24-32	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	92-96
31118684-8	2019	Prx1 and Ets1 were shown to interact in CAL 27 cells treated with nicotine, and nicotine could significantly upregulate the binding of the transcription factor Ets1 to the Prx1 gene promoter region.	Nicotine	66-74	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31118684-8	2019	Prx1 and Ets1 were shown to interact in CAL 27 cells treated with nicotine, and nicotine could significantly upregulate the binding of the transcription factor Ets1 to the Prx1 gene promoter region.	Nicotine	66-74	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	9-13
31118684-8	2019	Prx1 and Ets1 were shown to interact in CAL 27 cells treated with nicotine, and nicotine could significantly upregulate the binding of the transcription factor Ets1 to the Prx1 gene promoter region.	Nicotine	66-74	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	160-164
31118684-8	2019	Prx1 and Ets1 were shown to interact in CAL 27 cells treated with nicotine, and nicotine could significantly upregulate the binding of the transcription factor Ets1 to the Prx1 gene promoter region.	Nicotine	80-88	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	160-164
31118684-8	2019	Prx1 and Ets1 were shown to interact in CAL 27 cells treated with nicotine, and nicotine could significantly upregulate the binding of the transcription factor Ets1 to the Prx1 gene promoter region.	Nicotine	80-88	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	172-176
31019204-0	2019	Elevation of O-GlcNAc and GFAT expression by nicotine exposure promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	45-53	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	13-21
30467710-8	2019	Co-treatment of CST with nicotine or PACAP increased quantal size, plausibly due to increased synthesis of CgA, CgB and SgII by CST.	Nicotine	25-33	chromogranin B	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
29266563-4	2019	Brain CYP2D expression and activity are subject to exogenous regulation; nicotine induces rat brain, but not liver, CYP2D consistent with higher brain CYP2D in smokers.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	116-121
29266563-4	2019	Brain CYP2D expression and activity are subject to exogenous regulation; nicotine induces rat brain, but not liver, CYP2D consistent with higher brain CYP2D in smokers.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	116-121
30260034-8	2019	Besides, the 0.15 muM nicotine-2 muM cotinine mixture also reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 expressions in pterygium cells by 1.56- ( P = 0.043) and 1.27-fold ( P = 0.012), respectively.	Nicotine	22-30	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	67-99
30818860-1	2019	Previously, we reported that nicotine reduces erlotinib sensitivity in a xenograft model of PC9, an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-sensitive non-small-cell lung cancer cell line.	Nicotine	29-37	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	92-95
30741422-0	2019	Nicotine induces cell survival and chemoresistance by stimulating Mcl-1 phosphorylation and its interaction with Bak in lung cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	66-71
30741422-2	2019	Our previous data found that nicotine promotes cell survival in lung cancer by affecting the expression of antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, suggesting that the Mcl-1 may be a therapeutic target for patients with lung cancer.	Nicotine	29-37	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	129-134
30741422-2	2019	Our previous data found that nicotine promotes cell survival in lung cancer by affecting the expression of antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, suggesting that the Mcl-1 may be a therapeutic target for patients with lung cancer.	Nicotine	29-37	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	156-161
30741422-3	2019	In this study, we found that the effects of drug resistance on nicotine-induced lung cancer cell lines were shown to influence the phosphorylation of Mcl-1.	Nicotine	63-71	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	150-155
30741422-4	2019	Moreover, nicotine induces Mcl-1 phosphorylation exclusively at the T163 site, which results in enhancement of the antiapoptotic activity of Mcl-1 and increased cell survival.	Nicotine	10-18	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	27-32
30741422-4	2019	Moreover, nicotine induces Mcl-1 phosphorylation exclusively at the T163 site, which results in enhancement of the antiapoptotic activity of Mcl-1 and increased cell survival.	Nicotine	10-18	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	141-146
30741422-5	2019	Meanwhile, nicotine can reduce the sensitivity of H1299 cells to CDDP via enhancement of the binding of Mcl-1 to Bak, which inhibits the proapoptotic effect of Bak and ultimately leads to increased survival and drug resistance of lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	11-19	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	104-109
30741422-6	2019	Thus, nicotine-induced cell survival and chemoresistance may occur in a mechanism by stimulating Mcl-1 phosphorylation and its interaction with Bak, which may contribute to improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of human lung cancer.	Nicotine	6-14	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	97-102
30030777-6	2019	Nicotine, 4-NQO, and their combinational applications with Pg LPS induced the secretions of IL-1beta and IL-1Ra, while that of IL-8 was inhibited by the presence of Pg LPS.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	105-111
30030777-7	2019	MCP-1 secretion was suppressed by nicotine, alone and together with Pg LPS, while 4-NQO activated its secretion.	Nicotine	34-42	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
30472132-5	2019	RESULTS: IL-4 was the only cytokine found to achieve statistically significant different levels in this study, with elevated levels of IL-4 in the tobacco smoke and vapor with nicotine groups compared to the levels found in the vapor without nicotine and air only groups (p = 0.0418).	Nicotine	176-184	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	9-13
30472132-5	2019	RESULTS: IL-4 was the only cytokine found to achieve statistically significant different levels in this study, with elevated levels of IL-4 in the tobacco smoke and vapor with nicotine groups compared to the levels found in the vapor without nicotine and air only groups (p = 0.0418).	Nicotine	176-184	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	135-139
30472132-5	2019	RESULTS: IL-4 was the only cytokine found to achieve statistically significant different levels in this study, with elevated levels of IL-4 in the tobacco smoke and vapor with nicotine groups compared to the levels found in the vapor without nicotine and air only groups (p = 0.0418).	Nicotine	242-250	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	9-13
30472132-8	2019	IL-4 levels in mice larynges were significantly elevated in the tobacco smoke and vapor with nicotine groups.	Nicotine	93-101	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	0-4
30247698-9	2019	Our results show that the effects of nicotine on development of ACh and 5HT systems are worsened by BaP coexposure, and that combination of the two agents contributes to the greater impact of tobacco smoke on the developing brain.	Nicotine	37-45	prohibitin 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
30054897-4	2018	Further, alpha7- and alpha4beta2-containing nAChRs have been implicated in weight control by nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	9-32
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	284-290
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	316-330
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	332-335
29472642-0	2018	Role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in nicotine"s behavioral and neurochemical effects.	Nicotine	45-53	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-41
29472642-4	2018	We aimed to investigate the role of TAAR1 in nicotine addictive-like behaviors.	Nicotine	45-53	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
29472642-5	2018	TAAR1 expression after nicotine treatment was evaluated by western blotting.	Nicotine	23-31	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
29472642-7	2018	We then thoroughly and systematically examined the role of TAAR1 in mediating nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine discrimination, nicotine self-administration, nicotine demand curve, and the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	78-86	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
29472642-8	2018	Local pharmacological manipulation was conducted to determine the role of TAAR1 in the nucleus accumbens (NAcs) in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	136-144	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
29472642-10	2018	TAAR1 activation was sufficient to block nicotine-induced c-Fos expression in the NAc, while also reducing nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc.	Nicotine	41-49	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
29472642-10	2018	TAAR1 activation was sufficient to block nicotine-induced c-Fos expression in the NAc, while also reducing nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc.	Nicotine	107-115	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
29472642-11	2018	Systemic administration of TAAR1 agonists attenuated the expression and development of nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine self-administration, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, and increased the elasticity of nicotine demand curve, while intra-NAc infusions of a TAAR1 agonist was sufficient to attenuate nicotine reinstatement.	Nicotine	87-95	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
29472642-11	2018	Systemic administration of TAAR1 agonists attenuated the expression and development of nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine self-administration, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, and increased the elasticity of nicotine demand curve, while intra-NAc infusions of a TAAR1 agonist was sufficient to attenuate nicotine reinstatement.	Nicotine	87-95	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-279
29472642-11	2018	Systemic administration of TAAR1 agonists attenuated the expression and development of nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine self-administration, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, and increased the elasticity of nicotine demand curve, while intra-NAc infusions of a TAAR1 agonist was sufficient to attenuate nicotine reinstatement.	Nicotine	119-127	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
29472642-11	2018	Systemic administration of TAAR1 agonists attenuated the expression and development of nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine self-administration, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, and increased the elasticity of nicotine demand curve, while intra-NAc infusions of a TAAR1 agonist was sufficient to attenuate nicotine reinstatement.	Nicotine	119-127	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
29472642-11	2018	Systemic administration of TAAR1 agonists attenuated the expression and development of nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine self-administration, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, and increased the elasticity of nicotine demand curve, while intra-NAc infusions of a TAAR1 agonist was sufficient to attenuate nicotine reinstatement.	Nicotine	119-127	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
29472642-11	2018	Systemic administration of TAAR1 agonists attenuated the expression and development of nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine self-administration, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, and increased the elasticity of nicotine demand curve, while intra-NAc infusions of a TAAR1 agonist was sufficient to attenuate nicotine reinstatement.	Nicotine	119-127	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
29472642-12	2018	Moreover, TAAR1-knockout rats showed augmented cue-induced and drug-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	93-101	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
29472642-13	2018	These results indicated that modulation of TAAR1 activity regulates nicotine addictive-like behaviors and TAAR1 represents a novel target towards the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	68-76	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
29472642-13	2018	These results indicated that modulation of TAAR1 activity regulates nicotine addictive-like behaviors and TAAR1 represents a novel target towards the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	163-171	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
29472642-13	2018	These results indicated that modulation of TAAR1 activity regulates nicotine addictive-like behaviors and TAAR1 represents a novel target towards the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	163-171	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
30036686-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine (0.1-10 muM) reduced the expression of LXRalpha, LXRbeta, SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in a concentration dependent manner, which could be annulled by nAChR antagonist and LXR agonist.	Nicotine	10-18	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
30036686-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine (0.1-10 muM) reduced the expression of LXRalpha, LXRbeta, SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in a concentration dependent manner, which could be annulled by nAChR antagonist and LXR agonist.	Nicotine	10-18	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
30036686-7	2018	Taken together, nicotine could inhibit the expression of SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 via nAChR and LXR alpha/beta in female placentas, finally leading to reduced blood cholesterol levels in fetal rats.	Nicotine	16-24	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
30036686-7	2018	Taken together, nicotine could inhibit the expression of SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 via nAChR and LXR alpha/beta in female placentas, finally leading to reduced blood cholesterol levels in fetal rats.	Nicotine	16-24	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
30518184-1	2018	The nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco which is involved in induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin A2 expression.	Nicotine	69-77	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	266-270
30518184-1	2018	The nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco which is involved in induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin A2 expression.	Nicotine	69-77	annexin A2	Rattus norvegicus	276-286
30114604-1	2018	Nicotine, an nAChR agonist, shows prominent anti-inflammatory properties, and some studies have illustrated its suppressive effects on inflammation.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	13-18
30114604-6	2018	Our results showed that the administration of nicotine reduced lung-tissue inflammation, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar fluid, allergen-specific IgE and IL-4 production, while it increased the TGF-beta/IL-4 ratio and the number of Treg cells.	Nicotine	46-54	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	167-171
30114604-6	2018	Our results showed that the administration of nicotine reduced lung-tissue inflammation, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar fluid, allergen-specific IgE and IL-4 production, while it increased the TGF-beta/IL-4 ratio and the number of Treg cells.	Nicotine	46-54	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	216-220
30355112-3	2018	Nicotine"s interactions with vascular cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing alpha7 subunits (alpha7*-nAChR) are thought to promote local inflammation and sustained angiogenesis.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	105-118
1979632-2	1990	Using 100 microliters sample volume the lower limit of detection for both nicotine and cotinine was 100 pg mL-1, allowing the method to be used for the measurement of these compounds in both smokers and non-smokers.	Nicotine	74-82	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	107-111
2334841-1	1990	Previous data indicated that bath-application of nicotine to mouse hippocampal slices resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the amplitude of the orthodromic population spike and the appearance of multiple population spikes in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer.	Nicotine	49-57	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	242-245
1970506-4	1990	The kinetics of increases produced by nicotine were different for the 3 mRNAs, with pEK and TH showing enhanced levels over 48 h incubation, while PNMT showed increase during the initial 18 h (+90%) followed by decline to control levels at 48 h. 8-Br cAMP and forskolin elicited a similar pattern of changes as nicotine, suggesting that cyclic AMP may be involved in the mediation of the nicotinic effects.	Nicotine	38-46	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	84-87
32795172-3	2020	Perinatal nicotine exposure resulted in increased collagen type I (COL1A1) and III (COL3A1) deposition along with a decrease in miR-29 family and an increase in long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) levels in offspring heart.	Nicotine	10-18	collagen type III alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	105-113	collagen type III alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	170-178	collagen type III alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
19170184-7	2009	In addition, nanomolar concentrations of nicotine, which did not induce any response in these cells, largely desensitized nAChR-mediated currents.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	122-127
10947823-4	2000	This nicotinic response was almost completely absent in beta2-/- mutant mice, leaving a small residual response to a high concentration (100 microM) of nicotine which was inhibited by the alpha7-subunit-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	188-194
10947823-8	2000	These results demonstrate that in nigral dopaminergic neurons, nicotine can elicit Ca2+ mobilization via activation of two distinct nAChR subtypes: that of beta2-subunit-containing nAChR followed by activation of Na+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channels, and/or activation of alpha7-subunit-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	132-137
10947823-8	2000	These results demonstrate that in nigral dopaminergic neurons, nicotine can elicit Ca2+ mobilization via activation of two distinct nAChR subtypes: that of beta2-subunit-containing nAChR followed by activation of Na+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channels, and/or activation of alpha7-subunit-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	181-186
10947823-8	2000	These results demonstrate that in nigral dopaminergic neurons, nicotine can elicit Ca2+ mobilization via activation of two distinct nAChR subtypes: that of beta2-subunit-containing nAChR followed by activation of Na+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channels, and/or activation of alpha7-subunit-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	272-278
10947823-8	2000	These results demonstrate that in nigral dopaminergic neurons, nicotine can elicit Ca2+ mobilization via activation of two distinct nAChR subtypes: that of beta2-subunit-containing nAChR followed by activation of Na+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channels, and/or activation of alpha7-subunit-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	181-186
34601327-2	2021	In our current study we sought to evaluate the in-vitro modulatory effect of nicotine, the principal alkaloid of tobacco, on nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 37 (IL-37) production during Behcet"s disease.	Nicotine	77-85	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	163-171
34601327-6	2021	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced NO and IL-1beta levels in patients with Behcet"s disease, while it increased IL-37 production.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	62-70
34853315-0	2021	Nicotine-mediated OTUD3 downregulation inhibits VEGF-C mRNA decay to promote lymphatic metastasis of human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	OTU deubiquitinase 3	Homo sapiens	18-23
34853315-2	2021	Here we show that OTU domain-containing protein 3 (OTUD3) is downregulated by nicotine and correlates with poor prognosis in heavy-smoking esophageal cancer patients.	Nicotine	78-86	OTU deubiquitinase 3	Homo sapiens	18-49
34853315-2	2021	Here we show that OTU domain-containing protein 3 (OTUD3) is downregulated by nicotine and correlates with poor prognosis in heavy-smoking esophageal cancer patients.	Nicotine	78-86	OTU deubiquitinase 3	Homo sapiens	51-56
34853315-5	2021	Downregulation of OTUD3 and ZFP36 is essential for nicotine-induced VEGF-C production and lymphatic metastasis in esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	51-59	OTU deubiquitinase 3	Homo sapiens	18-23
34853315-6	2021	This study establishes that the OTUD3/ZFP36/VEGF-C axis plays a vital role in nicotine addiction-induced lymphatic metastasis, suggesting that OTUD3 may serve as a prognostic marker, and induction of the VEGF-C mRNA decay might be a potential therapeutic strategy against human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	78-86	OTU deubiquitinase 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
34853315-6	2021	This study establishes that the OTUD3/ZFP36/VEGF-C axis plays a vital role in nicotine addiction-induced lymphatic metastasis, suggesting that OTUD3 may serve as a prognostic marker, and induction of the VEGF-C mRNA decay might be a potential therapeutic strategy against human esophageal cancer.	Nicotine	78-86	OTU deubiquitinase 3	Homo sapiens	143-148
34490270-0	2021	alpha1-nAchR-Mediated Signaling Through Lipid Raft Is Required for Nicotine-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Nicotine-Accelerated Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	7-12
34490270-0	2021	alpha1-nAchR-Mediated Signaling Through Lipid Raft Is Required for Nicotine-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Nicotine-Accelerated Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	67-75	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	84-89
34490270-0	2021	alpha1-nAchR-Mediated Signaling Through Lipid Raft Is Required for Nicotine-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Nicotine-Accelerated Atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	7-12
34490270-3	2021	Here, we aim to identify the essential role of lipid raft in mediating nicotine-triggered inflammatory and nicotine-accelerated atherosclerosis, and to figure out the specific receptor of nicotine-induced Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophage.	Nicotine	188-196	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	205-232
34490270-3	2021	Here, we aim to identify the essential role of lipid raft in mediating nicotine-triggered inflammatory and nicotine-accelerated atherosclerosis, and to figure out the specific receptor of nicotine-induced Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophage.	Nicotine	188-196	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	234-239
34490270-6	2021	We confirmed that nicotine triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and induced macrophage migration into atherosclerotic plaque, thus accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet.	Nicotine	18-26	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	37-42
34490270-7	2021	Mechanically, nicotine increased the expression of alpha1-nAChR and stimulated the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophage.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-111
34490270-7	2021	Mechanically, nicotine increased the expression of alpha1-nAChR and stimulated the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophage.	Nicotine	14-22	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	138-143
34490270-8	2021	Conversely, silencing of alpha1-nAChR in macrophage sufficiently blocked the pro-inflammasome activation effect of nicotine, indicating that alpha1-nAChR was the specific receptor for nicotine in triggering NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage.	Nicotine	115-123	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	148-153
34490270-8	2021	Conversely, silencing of alpha1-nAChR in macrophage sufficiently blocked the pro-inflammasome activation effect of nicotine, indicating that alpha1-nAChR was the specific receptor for nicotine in triggering NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage.	Nicotine	115-123	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	207-212
34490270-8	2021	Conversely, silencing of alpha1-nAChR in macrophage sufficiently blocked the pro-inflammasome activation effect of nicotine, indicating that alpha1-nAChR was the specific receptor for nicotine in triggering NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage.	Nicotine	184-192	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	148-153
34490270-8	2021	Conversely, silencing of alpha1-nAChR in macrophage sufficiently blocked the pro-inflammasome activation effect of nicotine, indicating that alpha1-nAChR was the specific receptor for nicotine in triggering NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage.	Nicotine	184-192	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	207-212
34490270-9	2021	Furthermore, both the destruction of lipid raft by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the interference of lipid raft clustering by silencing acid sphingomyelinase reversed nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft in macrophage, suggesting lipid raft-mediated accumulation of alpha1-nAChR was the key event in regulating the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine in macrophage.	Nicotine	166-174	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	183-188
34490270-9	2021	Furthermore, both the destruction of lipid raft by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the interference of lipid raft clustering by silencing acid sphingomyelinase reversed nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft in macrophage, suggesting lipid raft-mediated accumulation of alpha1-nAChR was the key event in regulating the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine in macrophage.	Nicotine	166-174	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	341-346
34490270-9	2021	Furthermore, both the destruction of lipid raft by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the interference of lipid raft clustering by silencing acid sphingomyelinase reversed nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft in macrophage, suggesting lipid raft-mediated accumulation of alpha1-nAChR was the key event in regulating the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine in macrophage.	Nicotine	411-419	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	183-188
34490270-9	2021	Furthermore, both the destruction of lipid raft by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the interference of lipid raft clustering by silencing acid sphingomyelinase reversed nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing the accumulation of alpha1-nAChR in lipid raft in macrophage, suggesting lipid raft-mediated accumulation of alpha1-nAChR was the key event in regulating the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine in macrophage.	Nicotine	411-419	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	341-346
34490270-10	2021	Importantly, nicotine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage migration into atherosclerotic plaque were reversed by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, making a significant improvement for atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet.	Nicotine	13-21	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	30-35
34490270-11	2021	Conclusion: alpha1-nAChR-mediated signaling through lipid raft is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pro-atherosclerotic property of nicotine.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	19-24
34421692-11	2021	Overall, this study found that variations in the leptin and leptin receptor genes are associated with measures of alcohol use, nicotine use, and anxiety.	Nicotine	127-135	leptin	Homo sapiens	49-55
34421692-11	2021	Overall, this study found that variations in the leptin and leptin receptor genes are associated with measures of alcohol use, nicotine use, and anxiety.	Nicotine	127-135	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	60-75
34142887-0	2021	Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deletion Attenuated Nicotine-induced Arterial Stiffness via Limiting the Loss of SIRT1.	Nicotine	46-54	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	107-112
34142887-7	2021	Nicotine infusion significantly induced vascular remodeling, arterial stiffness, and SIRT1 deactivation in WT mice, which was attenuated in Ephx2-/- mice without NAM treatment.	Nicotine	0-8	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	85-90
34142887-9	2021	In vitro, 11,12-EET treatment attenuated nicotine-induced MMP2 upregulation via SIRT1-mediated YAP deacetylation.	Nicotine	41-49	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	80-85
34142887-10	2021	In conclusion, sEH knockout attenuated nicotine-induced arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling via SIRT1-induced YAP deacetylation.	Nicotine	39-47	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	103-108
34329335-1	2021	Use of nicotine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sequester and reduce nicotine distribution to brain has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to treat nicotine addiction (the basis of tobacco use disorder).	Nicotine	7-15	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	48-52
34329335-1	2021	Use of nicotine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sequester and reduce nicotine distribution to brain has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to treat nicotine addiction (the basis of tobacco use disorder).	Nicotine	78-86	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	48-52
34329335-1	2021	Use of nicotine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sequester and reduce nicotine distribution to brain has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to treat nicotine addiction (the basis of tobacco use disorder).	Nicotine	162-170	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	48-52
34329335-2	2021	A series of monoclonal antibodies with high affinity for nicotine (nic mAbs) was isolated from B-cells of vaccinated smokers.	Nicotine	57-65	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	71-75
34329335-3	2021	Genes encoding 32 unique nicotine binding antibodies were cloned, and the mAbs expressed and tested by surface plasmon resonance to determine their affinity for S-(-)-nicotine.	Nicotine	167-175	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	74-78
34329335-5	2021	The 4 highest affinity nic mAbs were selected to undergo additional secondary screening for antigen-specificity, protein properties (including aggregation and stability), and functional in vivo studies to evaluate their capacity for reducing nicotine distribution to brain in rats.	Nicotine	242-250	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	27-31
34329335-6	2021	The 2 most potent nic mAbs in single-dose nicotine pharmacokinetic experiments were further tested in a dose-response in vivo study.	Nicotine	42-50	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	22-26
34273166-7	2021	In vitro, nicotine induced human primary VSMC calcification, increased osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, Osx, BSP and OPN), and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion.	Nicotine	10-18	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
34273166-8	2021	The pro-calcifying effects of nicotine were mediated by Ca2+-dependent Nox5.	Nicotine	30-38	NADPH oxidase 5	Homo sapiens	71-75
34273166-13	2021	CONCLUSION: In this study we provide evidence that nicotine induces Nox5-mediated pro-calcific processes as novel mechanism of increased atherosclerotic calcification.	Nicotine	51-59	NADPH oxidase 5	Homo sapiens	68-72
34273166-14	2021	We identified that activation of alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR by nicotine increases intracellular Ca2+ and initiates calcification of hVSMCs through increased Nox5 activity, leading to oxidative stress-mediated EV release.	Nicotine	60-68	NADPH oxidase 5	Homo sapiens	154-158
34178387-0	2021	Vitamin D3 reduces hippocampal NR2A and anxiety in nicotine withdrawal mice.	Nicotine	51-59	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	31-35
34178387-6	2021	Moreover, vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated the hippocampal NR2A expression on both protein and mRNA levels in nicotine and vitamin D3-treated mice.	Nicotine	115-123	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	64-68
34178387-7	2021	Our data showed that dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 ameliorated nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety, which may be related to downregulation of NR2A expression in hippocampus.	Nicotine	73-81	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	152-156
34177609-9	2021	In addition to CTSB, as we previously reported, the enzyme activity of cathepsin L (CTSL) was also decreased in lysosomes after stimulation with nicotine, which may be the main cause of the hindered mitophagic flux induced by nicotine in NRVMs.	Nicotine	145-153	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
34177609-9	2021	In addition to CTSB, as we previously reported, the enzyme activity of cathepsin L (CTSL) was also decreased in lysosomes after stimulation with nicotine, which may be the main cause of the hindered mitophagic flux induced by nicotine in NRVMs.	Nicotine	145-153	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	71-82
34177609-9	2021	In addition to CTSB, as we previously reported, the enzyme activity of cathepsin L (CTSL) was also decreased in lysosomes after stimulation with nicotine, which may be the main cause of the hindered mitophagic flux induced by nicotine in NRVMs.	Nicotine	145-153	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
34177609-9	2021	In addition to CTSB, as we previously reported, the enzyme activity of cathepsin L (CTSL) was also decreased in lysosomes after stimulation with nicotine, which may be the main cause of the hindered mitophagic flux induced by nicotine in NRVMs.	Nicotine	226-234	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
34177609-9	2021	In addition to CTSB, as we previously reported, the enzyme activity of cathepsin L (CTSL) was also decreased in lysosomes after stimulation with nicotine, which may be the main cause of the hindered mitophagic flux induced by nicotine in NRVMs.	Nicotine	226-234	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	71-82
34177609-9	2021	In addition to CTSB, as we previously reported, the enzyme activity of cathepsin L (CTSL) was also decreased in lysosomes after stimulation with nicotine, which may be the main cause of the hindered mitophagic flux induced by nicotine in NRVMs.	Nicotine	226-234	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
34177609-12	2021	Taken together, our study demonstrated that nicotine treatment may lead to an increase in Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by blocking mitophagic flux by weakening the enzyme activity of CTSL and activating the ROS/p38/JNK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	44-52	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
34177609-12	2021	Taken together, our study demonstrated that nicotine treatment may lead to an increase in Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by blocking mitophagic flux by weakening the enzyme activity of CTSL and activating the ROS/p38/JNK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	44-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	222-225
34177609-14	2021	Torin1 restored the decreased CTSL enzyme activity by removing excessive ROS and alleviated the effects of nicotine on mitophagic flux, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis.	Nicotine	107-115	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
34076143-0	2021	Nicotine promotes the development of oral leukoplakia via regulating peroxiredoxin 1 and its binding proteins.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	69-84
34076143-3	2021	We previously found that nicotine, the main ingredient of tobacco, promotes oral carcinogenesis via regulating Prx1.	Nicotine	25-33	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
34076143-5	2021	Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	356-364	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
34076143-8	2021	Nicotine upregulated CFL1 and downregulated PPP2R1A in 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OLK tissues in mice in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	0-8	cofilin 1, non-muscle	Mus musculus	21-25
34076143-8	2021	Nicotine upregulated CFL1 and downregulated PPP2R1A in 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OLK tissues in mice in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	137-141
34211216-13	2021	The odds of consuming alcohol and nicotine were four times high among Met allele carriers.	Nicotine	34-42	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	70-73
34211216-14	2021	While the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and heaviness of smoking index scores were up to four and eight times higher among met allele (odds ratio 4.3 and 8.9, respectively).	Nicotine	30-38	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	133-136
34211216-15	2021	Conclusion: Patients carrying Met allele are reported to consume higher amounts of alcohol and tobacco and were likely to score high among measures of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	151-159	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	30-33
34557761-10	2021	These data indicate that TLR4 inhibition by nicotine and cotinine at the concentrations tested in BV-2 cells is independent of classic neuronal nAChRs and validate that MD2 is a direct target of nicotine and cotinine in the inhibition of innate immunity.	Nicotine	44-52	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	169-172
34557761-10	2021	These data indicate that TLR4 inhibition by nicotine and cotinine at the concentrations tested in BV-2 cells is independent of classic neuronal nAChRs and validate that MD2 is a direct target of nicotine and cotinine in the inhibition of innate immunity.	Nicotine	195-203	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	169-172
34193682-5	2021	Intra-mPFC infusion of mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, 5 min before nicotine administration blocked the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	53-85
34193682-5	2021	Intra-mPFC infusion of mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, 5 min before nicotine administration blocked the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	87-92
34193682-6	2021	Additionally, intra-mPFC infusion of dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, or methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, significantly suppressed the nicotine-induced object recognition memory enhancement.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	88-93
34193682-6	2021	Additionally, intra-mPFC infusion of dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, or methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, significantly suppressed the nicotine-induced object recognition memory enhancement.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	141-153
34586895-0	2021	Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Inhibit Nicotine-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through Regulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 Signaling Axis.	Nicotine	38-46	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	117-122
34586895-10	2021	Conclusively, the PDB impart reparative and tissue regenerative processes by inhibiting nicotine-initiated IVD degeneration, through regulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 signaling axis.	Nicotine	88-96	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	154-159
35577001-0	2022	TLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists improve immunization outcome in nicotine exposed mice through different mechanisms.	Nicotine	57-65	toll-like receptor 3	Mus musculus	0-4
35512282-0	2022	Emission and Gas/Particle Partitioning Characteristics of Nicotine in Aerosols for Electronic Cigarettes.	Nicotine	58-66	gastrin	Homo sapiens	13-16
35512282-3	2022	In this paper, a theoretical model was established to study the effects of the compositions of e-liquids and the heating powers of device on the emission and gas/particle partitioning characteristics of nicotine in aerosols at equilibrium.	Nicotine	203-211	gastrin	Homo sapiens	158-161
35512282-9	2022	As more propylene glycol was added into e-liquids, a lower mass fraction of gas-phase nicotine would exist in aerosols at equilibrium.	Nicotine	86-94	gastrin	Homo sapiens	76-79
35565726-4	2022	Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	23-31	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	215-258
35565726-4	2022	Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	23-31	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	260-265
35565726-4	2022	Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	23-31	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	325-347
35416201-3	2022	Remarkably, the fabricated nicotine sensor exhibited a broad working range of 10-100 mug g-1, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.4 mug mL-1, good stability, selectivity, and practicality under the optimal conditions.	Nicotine	27-35	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	136-140
35441257-2	2022	Nicotine has been shown to stimulate the production of cytokines that are priming agents for inflammation that induces tissue destruction, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, by gingival keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	147-155
35441257-8	2022	Nicotine elevated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 and decreased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in HGFs at 24 and 72 h. Boric acid at 100 ng/mL in the medium prevented the changes induced by nicotine alone.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	74-82
35479080-9	2022	Nicotine partially prevented the IL1beta-induced expression and production of IL6, MMP3, and RANKL in WT osteoblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	33-40
35479080-9	2022	Nicotine partially prevented the IL1beta-induced expression and production of IL6, MMP3, and RANKL in WT osteoblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	83-87
35479080-9	2022	Nicotine partially prevented the IL1beta-induced expression and production of IL6, MMP3, and RANKL in WT osteoblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	93-98
35231469-4	2022	Nicotine-induced depression in sensory stimulation-evoked MLI-PC synaptic transmission was abolished by either a non-selective nAChR blocker, hexamethonium, or the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), but not the selective alpha4beta2-nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	127-132
35231469-4	2022	Nicotine-induced depression in sensory stimulation-evoked MLI-PC synaptic transmission was abolished by either a non-selective nAChR blocker, hexamethonium, or the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), but not the selective alpha4beta2-nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	164-176
35231469-4	2022	Nicotine-induced depression in sensory stimulation-evoked MLI-PC synaptic transmission was abolished by either a non-selective nAChR blocker, hexamethonium, or the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), but not the selective alpha4beta2-nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	248-253
35455685-8	2022	The expression of the T allele of the DRD2 rs1800497 and DRD3 rs6280 polymorphisms significantly correlated with a lower level of nicotine dependence and lower use of cigarettes.	Nicotine	130-138	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	57-61
35455685-10	2022	Concluding, DRD2 rs1800497 and DRD3 rs6280 polymorphisms are involved in nicotine dependence and cigarette smoking habits in patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders.	Nicotine	73-81	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	31-35
35392565-7	2022	The molecular targets of nicotine were confirmed to be nAChRs with its most potent activities against alpha4beta2 and alpha6/3beta2beta3 subtypes in vitro.	Nicotine	25-33	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-25 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	118-136
35323980-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Nicotine increases reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking by upregulating glutamate and dopamine releases via stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the dorsal striatum (CPu).	Nicotine	14-22	carboxypeptidase B2	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
35323980-3	2022	METHODS: Changes in the levels of glutamate and dopamine in the CPu were analyzed using a glutamate colorimetric assay and dopamine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, after repeated administration of nicotine or whole cigarette smoke condensate (WCSC) in male Sprague-Dawley rats.	Nicotine	214-222	carboxypeptidase B2	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
35323980-5	2022	RESULTS: Repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of nicotine (0.25 mg/kg/day) for seven consecutive days significantly increased the levels of glutamate and dopamine in the CPu.	Nicotine	52-60	carboxypeptidase B2	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
35323980-7	2022	Parallel with the increases in the neurotransmitter levels in the CPu, both nicotine and WCSC increased locomotor activity and self-administration (0.03 mg/kg nicotine/infusion).	Nicotine	76-84	carboxypeptidase B2	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
35323980-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine rather than non-nicotine substances in WCSC play a major role in potentiating behavioral sensitization and drug-taking behavior via elevation of glutamate and dopamine concentrations in the CPu of rats.	Nicotine	13-21	carboxypeptidase B2	Rattus norvegicus	212-215
3359327-2	1988	We now report that this transient AChE pattern is paralleled by a marked increase in [3H]nicotine binding sites in layer IV of area 17.	Nicotine	89-97	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
3276114-4	1988	Nicotine exerts a potent pressor effect in the ventral lateral medulla (C-1 area).	Nicotine	0-8	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	72-75
2882641-7	1987	Nicotine (10(-5), 10(-4) mol/l) significantly stimulated the secretion of immunoreactive alpha-neoendorphin and dynorphin as well as leu-enkephalin and catecholamines from cultured human phaeochromocytoma cells.	Nicotine	0-8	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	133-147
2948960-8	1987	Chromobindin 8 was also demonstrated to undergo phosphorylation predominantly on alkali-sensitive sites during stimulation of the chromaffin cell with 20 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	0-14
30355112-7	2018	Coexposure to an alpha7*-nAChR antagonist abolished nicotine"s deleterious effect.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	17-30
30355112-8	2018	In addition, nicotine"s promotion of aneurysm rupture was absent in smooth muscle cell-specific alpha7*-nAChR subunit knockout mice but not in mice lacking alpha7*-nAChR on endothelial cells or macrophages.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	96-109
30355112-10	2018	alpha7*-nAChR antagonist reversed nicotine-induced upregulation of these growth factors and cytokines.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	0-13
30355112-11	2018	Conclusions- Our findings indicate that nicotine exposure promotes aneurysmal rupture through actions on vascular smooth muscle cell alpha7*-nAChR.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	133-146
29981879-0	2018	A subtype-specific neuropeptide FF receptor antagonist attenuates morphine and nicotine withdrawal syndrome in the rat.	Nicotine	79-87	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	19-34
29981879-11	2018	Taken together, these findings suggest that NPFF or related neuropeptides contribute to opiate, as well as nicotine, dependence and withdrawal syndrome through the FF1 receptor.	Nicotine	107-115	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
29972271-7	2018	Simultaneously, nicotine induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis by modulating DeltaPsim via increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, altered Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, PARP expressions which were prevented by the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 .	Nicotine	16-24	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	159-168
30150424-7	2018	Overexpression of CREB or knockdown of p66shc restored simvastatin-dependent induction of HO1 and MnSOD in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	123-131	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
29864448-8	2018	alpha7-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs were involved in nicotine-induced [3H]-GABA release in control and mdx synaptosomes.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	0-6
29753783-7	2018	Further, the expression of autophagy-related genes, such as Beclin1 and LC3, were up-regulated after nicotine exposure (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	101-109	beclin 1, autophagy related	Mus musculus	60-67
29753783-7	2018	Further, the expression of autophagy-related genes, such as Beclin1 and LC3, were up-regulated after nicotine exposure (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	101-109	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	72-75
29753783-9	2018	Moreover, immunofluorescent staining of LC3 in the TM3 Leydig cell line indicated that rapamycin and nicotine exposure up-regulates the autophagy phenotype/process and down-regulates their testosterone synthesis.	Nicotine	101-109	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	40-43
29753783-11	2018	In conclusion, the autophagy in Leydig cells induced by nicotine, which is set by the hyper-methylation of the TCL1 promoter region via the TCL1-mTOR-autophagy signaling pathway.	Nicotine	56-64	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	145-149
29059422-9	2018	Implications: Positive allosteric modulators of nAChR such as dFBr reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms supporting the potential clinical use of this novel class of nAChR-based therapeutics as smoking cessation aid.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	48-53
29059422-9	2018	Implications: Positive allosteric modulators of nAChR such as dFBr reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms supporting the potential clinical use of this novel class of nAChR-based therapeutics as smoking cessation aid.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	164-169
29266170-8	2018	Wheel running induced a significant up-regulation of alpha7 nAChR binding in the CA2/3 area of the hippocampus of nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
29266170-10	2018	Nicotine withdrawal increased plasma corticosterone levels and alpha4beta2* nAChR binding, irrespective of exercise regimen.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	76-81
28585241-8	2018	Consistent with previous reports, the dose-dependent increase in nAChR in wild-type mice following chronic nicotine treatment, measured with any of the methods, reached a maximum.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	65-70
29658573-6	2018	The protein levels of sonic hedgehog (Shh), glioma-associated oncoprotein 1 (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in nicotine-induced Hh signaling were also detected.	Nicotine	107-115	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	22-36
29658573-6	2018	The protein levels of sonic hedgehog (Shh), glioma-associated oncoprotein 1 (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in nicotine-induced Hh signaling were also detected.	Nicotine	107-115	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	38-41
29658573-6	2018	The protein levels of sonic hedgehog (Shh), glioma-associated oncoprotein 1 (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in nicotine-induced Hh signaling were also detected.	Nicotine	107-115	smoothened, frizzled class receptor	Homo sapiens	87-97
29658573-6	2018	The protein levels of sonic hedgehog (Shh), glioma-associated oncoprotein 1 (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in nicotine-induced Hh signaling were also detected.	Nicotine	107-115	smoothened, frizzled class receptor	Homo sapiens	87-90
29663646-6	2018	Among proteins with increased abundance levels due to nicotine treatment included those previously identified: APP, APLP2, and ITM2B.	Nicotine	54-62	integral membrane protein 2B	Homo sapiens	127-132
29572389-0	2018	Nicotine enhances mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin production in high glucose milieu via activation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	119-131
29791746-1	2018	Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
29791746-1	2018	Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice.	Nicotine	251-259	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
29710856-0	2018	Nicotine Alters Estrogen Receptor-Beta-Regulated Inflammasome Activity and Exacerbates Ischemic Brain Damage in Female Rats.	Nicotine	0-8	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	16-38
29710856-1	2018	Smoking is a preventable risk factor for stroke and smoking-derived nicotine exacerbates post-ischemic damage via inhibition of estrogen receptor beta (ER-&amp;beta;) signaling in the brain of female rats.	Nicotine	68-76	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-150
29690521-0	2018	The GABAA Receptor alpha2 Subunit Activates a Neuronal TLR4 Signal in the Ventral Tegmental Area that Regulates Alcohol and Nicotine Abuse.	Nicotine	124-132	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
29681856-0	2018	Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Modulates the Locomotor and Sensitization Effects of Nicotine.	Nicotine	87-95	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-33
2433431-4	1987	After birth, brain development in the nicotine-exposed animals showed persistent abnormalities in the timing of maturational events, with elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase (an enzymatic marker related to cellular maturation) detectable in all brain regions.	Nicotine	38-46	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-180
3540734-0	1986	Nicotine-induced increases in brain luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity and in serum luteinizing hormone levels of the male rat.	Nicotine	0-8	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-73
3540734-4	1986	The results indicate that the nicotine-induced activation of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons involves an enhanced processing of the precursor peptide to LHRH.	Nicotine	30-38	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
3540734-4	1986	The results indicate that the nicotine-induced activation of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons involves an enhanced processing of the precursor peptide to LHRH.	Nicotine	30-38	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
29681856-2	2018	TAAR1 is involved in the effects of addictive drugs, such as amphetamines, cocaine and ethanol, but the impact of TAAR1 on the effects of nicotine, the psychoactive drug responsible for the development and maintenance of tobacco smoking, has not yet been studied.	Nicotine	138-146	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
22926197-4	2012	Additionally, when nicotine was administered to wild-type mice, it significantly affected the expression of adipokine genes, such as Tnfalpha, AdipoQ, Haptoglobin and Mcp1 in WAT.	Nicotine	19-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	143-149
29681856-3	2018	This study was performed to investigate the possible modulatory action of TAAR1 on the effects of nicotine on locomotor behaviors in rats and mice.	Nicotine	98-106	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
29681856-4	2018	Pretreatment with the TAAR1 agonist RO5263397 dose-dependently decreased nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats habituated to locomotor boxes, prevented the development of nicotine sensitization and blocked hypermotility in nicotine-sensitized rats at the highest tested dose (10 mg/kg).	Nicotine	73-81	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
29681856-4	2018	Pretreatment with the TAAR1 agonist RO5263397 dose-dependently decreased nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats habituated to locomotor boxes, prevented the development of nicotine sensitization and blocked hypermotility in nicotine-sensitized rats at the highest tested dose (10 mg/kg).	Nicotine	174-182	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
3756543-3	1986	Nicotine exposure produced a persistent elevation of fetal ornithine decarboxylase activity preferentially in brain; in keeping with this selectivity, there was no evidence of the sparing of brain growth which ordinarily accompanies non-specific toxic insult.	Nicotine	0-8	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-82
11539094-1	1986	The putrescine which forms a part of nicotine and other pyrrolidine alkaloids is generally assumed to arise through the action of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC).	Nicotine	37-45	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	130-153
11539094-1	1986	The putrescine which forms a part of nicotine and other pyrrolidine alkaloids is generally assumed to arise through the action of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC).	Nicotine	37-45	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	155-158
29681856-4	2018	Pretreatment with the TAAR1 agonist RO5263397 dose-dependently decreased nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats habituated to locomotor boxes, prevented the development of nicotine sensitization and blocked hypermotility in nicotine-sensitized rats at the highest tested dose (10 mg/kg).	Nicotine	174-182	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
29681856-6	2018	Based on the results of the present study, TAAR1 activation attenuates the locomotion-stimulating effects of nicotine on rats.	Nicotine	109-117	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
22926197-6	2012	Furthermore, interactions between mouse beta2 subunit and nicotine treatment affected the expression levels of the adipokine genes Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ in WAT and of AdipoQ in BAT.	Nicotine	58-66	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	150-156
29681856-8	2018	Further studies aimed at analyzing the effects of TAAR1 agonists on animal models of nicotine addiction are warranted.	Nicotine	85-93	trace-amine-associated receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
29486207-8	2018	Antagonism of nAChRs, inhibition of ERK1/2 and Egr-1 knockdown by siRNA were able to block/abrogate the effects of nicotine on histone modification and expression of 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	115-123	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	166-177
29437173-7	2018	Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers.	Nicotine	69-77	early growth response 2	Homo sapiens	177-183
29355739-5	2018	The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and by means of which mechanism, the antiglycation defence Glo1 was involved in the apoptosis induced by 0.1 and 1microM nicotine in human primary osteoblasts chronically exposed for 11 and 21 days.	Nicotine	171-179	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	109-113
29355739-6	2018	By using gene overexpression/silencing and scavenging/inhibitory agents, we demonstrated that nicotine induces a significant intracellular accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that, by inhibiting Glo1, drives MG-H1 accumulation/release.	Nicotine	94-102	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	200-204
6360060-4	1983	Adrenergic development was determined by stimulation of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in response to sympathetic activation induced by nicotine, isoproterenol or insulin.	Nicotine	152-160	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
6158829-0	1980	Effect of chronically administered nicotine on axonal transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in peripheral adrenergic neurons and on blood pressure and heart rate in the rat.	Nicotine	35-43	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	67-92
29355739-9	2018	Our findings newly pose the antiglycation enzymatic defense Glo1 and MG-H1 among the molecular events involved in nicotine-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated osteoblasts apoptosis, a crucial event in smoker-related osteoporosis, and suggest novel exposure markers in health surveillance programmes related to smokers-associated osteoporosis.	Nicotine	114-122	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	60-64
22926197-6	2012	Furthermore, interactions between mouse beta2 subunit and nicotine treatment affected the expression levels of the adipokine genes Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ in WAT and of AdipoQ in BAT.	Nicotine	58-66	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	171-177
656919-2	1978	Biochemical studies on binding of [125I]alpha-Btx to rat hippocampal homogenates revealed saturable binding sites which are protected by nicotine, D-tuborcurarine and acetylcholine but not by atropine or oxotremorine.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
22573727-0	2012	Mice lacking the beta4 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor show memory deficits, altered anxiety- and depression-like behavior, and diminished nicotine-induced analgesia.	Nicotine	155-163	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	17-22
663391-0	1978	[Studies on the release of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by nicotine (author"s transl)].	Nicotine	56-64	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	27-52
663391-1	1978	Comparative studies were made on the release of DBH by adrenal medullary slices after colinomimetic stimulation with acetylcholine, DMPP or nicotine.	Nicotine	140-148	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	48-51
663391-2	1978	The in vivo effects of nicotine on the circulating plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase were tested in habitual and non habitual smokers after five cigarettes (12.5 mg of nicotine).	Nicotine	23-31	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	58-83
29493350-4	2018	Therefore, based on the previous studies showing that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is central for fear extinction learning and acute nicotine dysregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, we hypothesized that the nicotine-induced impairment of contextual fear extinction may involve changes in tyrosine receptor kinase B signaling.	Nicotine	138-146	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	160-193
29493350-4	2018	Therefore, based on the previous studies showing that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is central for fear extinction learning and acute nicotine dysregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, we hypothesized that the nicotine-induced impairment of contextual fear extinction may involve changes in tyrosine receptor kinase B signaling.	Nicotine	230-238	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	54-87
29493350-4	2018	Therefore, based on the previous studies showing that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is central for fear extinction learning and acute nicotine dysregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, we hypothesized that the nicotine-induced impairment of contextual fear extinction may involve changes in tyrosine receptor kinase B signaling.	Nicotine	230-238	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	160-193
29493350-8	2018	Overall, these results suggest that acute nicotine-induced impairment of context extinction may be related to a disrupted brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling.	Nicotine	42-50	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	122-155
29339018-9	2018	Besides, chronic nicotine also enhanced the protein and RNA expression levels of autophagy makers triggered by corticosterone, such as Beclin-1, LC3 II and p62/SQSTM1.	Nicotine	17-25	beclin 1, autophagy related	Mus musculus	135-143
33892114-7	2021	However, serum ALT was dramatically increased by the ethanol/WY-14,643 feeding and was further increased by nicotine/ethanol/WY-14,643 feeding, which was confirmed by necro-inflammation and elevated oxidative stress.	Nicotine	108-116	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	15-18
22573727-8	2012	beta4(-/-) mice did not differ from beta4(+/+) mice in basal nociception but were less sensitive to the antinociceptive effect of nicotine in 2 tests of acute thermal pain.	Nicotine	130-138	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	0-5
34047687-6	2022	Finally, nicotine increased the expression of Kdm4c, a key histone lysine demethylase, and decreased Suv39h1, a critical histone lysine methyltransferase.	Nicotine	9-17	SUV39H1 histone lysine methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	101-108
29339018-9	2018	Besides, chronic nicotine also enhanced the protein and RNA expression levels of autophagy makers triggered by corticosterone, such as Beclin-1, LC3 II and p62/SQSTM1.	Nicotine	17-25	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	145-148
29339018-12	2018	Consequently, chronic nicotine played a role of neuroprotection in either CUS mice or corticosterone cells associating with the enhancement of the autophagy signaling, which was involved in activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.	Nicotine	22-30	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	214-218
22573727-10	2012	beta4-containing nAChRs are involved in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and contribute to the analgesic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	122-130	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	0-5
29470537-8	2018	In addition, nicotine inhibited TNFalpha release by LPS activated mPGES-1 (+/+) splenocytes in vitro.	Nicotine	13-21	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	66-73
29470537-9	2018	However, such immunosuppressive effects of nicotine were reversed both in mPGES-1 (-/-) mouse splenocytes and human PBMC treated with mPGES-1 inhibitor.	Nicotine	43-51	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	74-81
23128482-3	2012	Understanding the various nAChR subtypes that exist in brain areas relevant to nicotine addiction is a major priority.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	26-31
29470537-9	2018	However, such immunosuppressive effects of nicotine were reversed both in mPGES-1 (-/-) mouse splenocytes and human PBMC treated with mPGES-1 inhibitor.	Nicotine	43-51	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	134-141
29416034-8	2018	Further experiments revealed that the nicotine-NLRP3-ASC-pyroptosis pathway was activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), since ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-cysteine, NAC) prevented endothelial cell pyroptosis.	Nicotine	38-46	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	164-167
29272360-0	2018	alpha7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Ameliorates Nicotine Plus High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Male Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Stimulating AMPK Signaling.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	0-39
29272360-7	2018	We conclude that the alpha7nAChR agonist PNU protects against nicotine plus HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in obese mice.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	21-32
34038754-5	2021	Nicotine withdrawal symptoms were precipitated by an acute injection of mecamylamine, a nonspecific nAChR antagonist, following chronic nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	100-105
33662786-3	2021	Since studies have indicated that poorly differentiated tumors are more aggressive and metastasize earlier, leading to poorer prognosis; and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for tumor differentiation state, here we observed that the exposure of nicotine-derived 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) promoted cell sphere formation and the expression of the stem cell markers, CD44, OCT4, C-MYC and NANOG in HCT8 and DLD-1 cells.	Nicotine	261-269	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	415-419
33662786-3	2021	Since studies have indicated that poorly differentiated tumors are more aggressive and metastasize earlier, leading to poorer prognosis; and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for tumor differentiation state, here we observed that the exposure of nicotine-derived 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) promoted cell sphere formation and the expression of the stem cell markers, CD44, OCT4, C-MYC and NANOG in HCT8 and DLD-1 cells.	Nicotine	261-269	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	421-426
33851731-5	2021	Blocking nAChR activity with an antagonist completely abolishes nicotine"s influence on astrocyte morphology indicating that nicotine"s action is mediated by these receptors.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	9-14
33851731-5	2021	Blocking nAChR activity with an antagonist completely abolishes nicotine"s influence on astrocyte morphology indicating that nicotine"s action is mediated by these receptors.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	9-14
33825493-8	2021	The PG:GLY with freebase nicotine exposure increased MUC5AC and Mucin 5, Subtype B (MUC5B) levels in hNECs from non-smokers, but the nicotine salt exposure did not.	Nicotine	25-33	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	53-59
22923641-7	2012	Lynx1 knockdown also potentiated the nicotine-induced increase in GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)R) and MUC5AC mRNA expression, and that effect was blocked by alpha7 antagonists and alpha7 knockdown.	Nicotine	37-45	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	99-105
33332740-11	2021	Nicotine suppressed the Ih amplitude in burst firing neurons, which was evident by decreased sag amplitude and resonance frequency and increased excitability.	Nicotine	0-8	S-antigen visual arrestin	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
22458409-4	2012	Here, we tested in fetal NSCs the extent to which EtOH and nicotine coregulated known EtOH-sensitive (miR-9, miR-21, miR-153, and miR-335), a nicotine-sensitive miRNA (miR-140-3p), and mRNAs for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	59-67	microRNA 335	Mus musculus	130-137
32293776-0	2021	Nicotine abolishes memory-related synaptic strengthening and promotes synaptic depression in the neurogenic dentate gyrus of miR-132/212 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 132	Mus musculus	125-132
32293776-6	2021	miR-132/212 deletion significantly altered alpha7-nAChR and pERK protein levels, but not total ERK or MeCP2, and resulted in both exacerbated synaptic depression and virtually abolished memory-related synaptic strengthening upon nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	229-237	microRNA 132	Mus musculus	0-7
22458409-4	2012	Here, we tested in fetal NSCs the extent to which EtOH and nicotine coregulated known EtOH-sensitive (miR-9, miR-21, miR-153, and miR-335), a nicotine-sensitive miRNA (miR-140-3p), and mRNAs for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	195-227
22458409-4	2012	Here, we tested in fetal NSCs the extent to which EtOH and nicotine coregulated known EtOH-sensitive (miR-9, miR-21, miR-153, and miR-335), a nicotine-sensitive miRNA (miR-140-3p), and mRNAs for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	229-234
22458409-10	2012	Finally, EtOH decreased the expression of nAChR subunit mRNAs and, like mecamylamine, prevented the nicotine-associated increase in alpha4 and beta2 nAChR transcripts.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	149-154
22458409-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: EtOH and nicotine exert mutually antagonistic, nAChR-mediated effects on teratogen-sensitive miRNAs in fetal NSCs.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
22871345-1	2012	Recent evidence suggests that a dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) polymorphism may play a role in determining an individual"s predisposition to developing nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	153-161	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	32-57
33359828-10	2021	Regardless of sex, alterations in liver Dio1, miR-224 and SCD1 expressions are involved in the disturbances caused by maternal nicotine exposure during breastfeeding.	Nicotine	127-135	iodothyronine deiodinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
33603170-0	2021	Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	102-108
33603170-3	2021	Here we report that nicotine enhances ESCC cancer malignancy and tumor-initiating capacity by interacting with cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) and subsequently activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-157
33603170-3	2021	Here we report that nicotine enhances ESCC cancer malignancy and tumor-initiating capacity by interacting with cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) and subsequently activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	159-165
33603170-6	2021	Mechanistically, dextromethorphan non-competitively inhibited nicotine binding to CHRNA7 while metformin downregulated CHRNA7 expression by antagonizing nicotine-induced promoter DNA hypomethylation of CHRNA7.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	82-88
33603170-6	2021	Mechanistically, dextromethorphan non-competitively inhibited nicotine binding to CHRNA7 while metformin downregulated CHRNA7 expression by antagonizing nicotine-induced promoter DNA hypomethylation of CHRNA7.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	119-125
33603170-6	2021	Mechanistically, dextromethorphan non-competitively inhibited nicotine binding to CHRNA7 while metformin downregulated CHRNA7 expression by antagonizing nicotine-induced promoter DNA hypomethylation of CHRNA7.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	119-125
22579614-9	2012	To conclude, the similar declines in L-dopa-induced AIMs in nicotine-treated wildtype mice and in alpha6-/- mice treated with and without nicotine indicate an essential role for alpha6beta2* nAChRs in the maintenance of L-dopa-induced AIMs.These findings suggest that alpha6beta2* nAChR drugs have potential for reducing L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	191-196
33380469-0	2021	alpha3* Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the habenula-interpeduncular nucleus circuit regulate nicotine intake.	Nicotine	99-107	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A8	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
33166570-7	2021	Furthermore, mice pre-treated with all these histaminergic agents except histamine H1 receptor agonist, FMPH shows exacerbated expression to post-nicotine withdrawal induced total abstinence (somatic) score in mice.	Nicotine	146-154	histamine receptor H1	Mus musculus	73-94
33326305-9	2021	DC-shifts were produced via nAChRs on primary afferents: they were also seen with nAChR agonists (epibatidine and nicotine), blocked with D-TC but not GABAA receptor blockers, and retained after block of voltage-gated Na+ channels.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-33
33536884-8	2020	Results: GLP-1Rs are located in reward-related areas, and GLP-1, its agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors are effective in decreasing palatable food intake, along with reducing cocaine, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine use in animals.	Nicotine	207-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
22579614-9	2012	To conclude, the similar declines in L-dopa-induced AIMs in nicotine-treated wildtype mice and in alpha6-/- mice treated with and without nicotine indicate an essential role for alpha6beta2* nAChRs in the maintenance of L-dopa-induced AIMs.These findings suggest that alpha6beta2* nAChR drugs have potential for reducing L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	191-196
33321327-0	2021	Targeting HDAC6 attenuates nicotine-induced macrophage pyroptosis via NF-kappaB/NLRP3 pathway.	Nicotine	27-35	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	80-85
33321327-8	2021	Nicotine promoted pyroptosis in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by increased expression of cleaved Caspase1, NLRP3, IL-1beta, IL-18, and elevated LDH release.	Nicotine	0-8	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	106-111
21965190-7	2012	Moreover, pre-testing administration of nicotine (0.5 microg/mouse, intra-CA1) decreased memory retrieval, but induced anxiogenic-like behaviors.	Nicotine	40-48	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	74-77
33321327-8	2021	Nicotine promoted pyroptosis in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by increased expression of cleaved Caspase1, NLRP3, IL-1beta, IL-18, and elevated LDH release.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	113-121
33321327-9	2021	Inhibition of HDAC6 suppressed nicotine-induced pyroptosis, which is partly mediated by p65 acetylation and NLRP3 transcription.	Nicotine	31-39	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	88-91
33321327-9	2021	Inhibition of HDAC6 suppressed nicotine-induced pyroptosis, which is partly mediated by p65 acetylation and NLRP3 transcription.	Nicotine	31-39	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	108-113
33321327-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine induces macrophage pyroptosis in atherosclerosis through HDAC6/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	13-21	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	95-100
22727790-6	2012	KEY FINDINGS: Treatment of HepG2 cells with the AhR receptor agonists BaP and CAY10465, inhibited apo A-I protein synthesis while nicotine, which does not bind AhR had no effect.	Nicotine	130-138	prohibitin 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
33952828-7	2021	The effect of nicotine was blocked by the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine, or intracellular perfusion with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA).	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	88-93
22009521-0	2012	Role of alpha7- and beta4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the affective and somatic aspects of nicotine withdrawal: studies in knockout mice.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	8-14
33952828-7	2021	The effect of nicotine was blocked by the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine, or intracellular perfusion with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA).	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	133-145
33952828-10	2021	These results indicate that nicotine induces long-lasting enhancement of firing activity in mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons, which is mediated by the stimulation of the alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nAChRs and subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels followed by the suppression of the Kv7 channels.	Nicotine	28-36	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	184-190
32927162-0	2021	Augmented autophagy suppresses thymocytes development via Bcl10/p-p65 pathway in prenatal nicotine exposed fetal mice.	Nicotine	90-98	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	66-69
22521799-4	2012	Developmental differences in nAChR binding were associated with the effects of nicotine withdrawal on contextual learning.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	29-34
32927162-11	2021	In addition, nicotine-inhibited CD69-CD4+SP cells and the Bcl10/p-p65 pathway have been reversed by an autophagy inhibitor.	Nicotine	13-21	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	66-69
32927162-12	2021	The alpha7 nAChR specific antagonist abrogated nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy initiation.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-16
22382052-0	2012	A DRD2 and ANKK1 haplotype is associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	46-54	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
32975784-2	2021	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR ), encoded by OPRM1 , contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	188-196	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
22382052-5	2012	Our findings suggest that the DRD2 C957T polymorphism and the ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism are key contributors to the genetic susceptibility to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	141-149	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
32975784-2	2021	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR ), encoded by OPRM1 , contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	188-196	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
32975784-2	2021	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR ), encoded by OPRM1 , contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	188-196	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
22537161-0	2012	Nicotine, IFN-gamma and retinoic acid mediated induction of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer requires E2F1 and STAT-1 transcription factors and utilize different signaling cascades.	Nicotine	0-8	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
33276105-6	2021	siRNA-mediated silencing of alpha7 or alpha9 subunit expression also selectively prevents the effects of nicotine and choline on GBM cell proliferation.	Nicotine	105-113	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	28-44
22537161-6	2012	IFN-gamma and RA could collaborate with nicotine in elevating the expression of MUC4, utilizing E2F1 and STAT1 transcription factors.	Nicotine	40-48	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
33276105-7	2021	Our findings indicate that nicotine and choline activate the signalling pathways involved in the proliferation of GBM cells, and that these effects are mediated by alpha7 and alpha9-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	27-35	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	164-181
33082140-5	2020	Compared to unexposed controls, nicotine increased NGF, FN1, ET-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression in human and mouse LFs and mouse lung homogenates.	Nicotine	32-40	collagen type III alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	79-85
33082140-8	2020	Similarly, rosiglitazone increased miR-98 and reversed nicotine-induced increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1.	Nicotine	55-63	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	90-93
33082140-8	2020	Similarly, rosiglitazone increased miR-98 and reversed nicotine-induced increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1.	Nicotine	55-63	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	99-103
33414685-12	2020	Scratch-wound assay showed marked reduction in proliferation/migration of nicotine and palmitate-treated breast cancer cells with mecamylamine (MEC), a nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	152-183
33414685-12	2020	Scratch-wound assay showed marked reduction in proliferation/migration of nicotine and palmitate-treated breast cancer cells with mecamylamine (MEC), a nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	185-190
22326965-0	2012	Antagonism of progesterone receptor suppresses carotid body responses to hypoxia and nicotine in rat pups.	Nicotine	85-93	progesterone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	14-35
33290163-9	2021	PE effectively restored time-domain HRV indexes, the bradycardic and sympathoinhibitory reflex responses, and the rSNA in chronic nicotine treated rats.	Nicotine	130-138	prolyl endopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-2
33290163-10	2021	CONCLUSION: PE was effective in preventing the deterioration of time-domain parameters of HRV, arterial baroreceptor dysfunction, and the rSNA after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	149-157	prolyl endopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	12-14
22309446-8	2012	Nicotine increased P20 and P80 amplitudes, decreased N40 amplitude, increased P20 and N40 latencies, and reduced P80 latency.	Nicotine	0-8	coilin	Mus musculus	27-30
33109433-7	2020	These effects of (-)-NIC were completely blocked by both methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	21-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	89-101
22309446-8	2012	Nicotine increased P20 and P80 amplitudes, decreased N40 amplitude, increased P20 and N40 latencies, and reduced P80 latency.	Nicotine	0-8	coilin	Mus musculus	113-116
33109433-7	2020	These effects of (-)-NIC were completely blocked by both methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	21-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	96-101
22095388-12	2012	Therefore, we concluded that alpha1, alpha5, alpha7, and beta2 nAChR subunits are highly expressed in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE16) after nicotinic incubation and that the alpha7 subunit is involved in the nicotine-induced inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory factors.	Nicotine	217-225	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	29-43
33109433-9	2020	These findings suggest that alpha7 nAChR is associated with development of disease and is implicated in the therapeutic effect of nicotine in SCZ.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-40
32815115-2	2020	Two major functional subtypes of nAChR in the brain, alpha7-type and alpha4beta2-type, have a high affinity for nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	33-38
22248091-0	2012	Synergistic inhibitory effect of nicotine plus oral contraceptive on mitochondrial complex-IV is mediated by estrogen receptor-beta in female rats.	Nicotine	33-41	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-131
32815115-4	2020	Chronic exposure to nicotine together with methyllycaconitine, an alpha7-type nAChR antagonist, but not with dihydro-beta-erythroidine, an alpha4beta2-type nAChR antagonist, failed to rescue the depressive-like behavior and restore the reduced number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	78-83
32815115-5	2020	Furthermore, chronic exposure to nicotine enhanced the PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways and increased BDNF expression in the DG of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	33-41	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	100-104
32815115-6	2020	Similar to chronic exposure to nicotine, both PNU-282987 and GTS-21, alpha7-type nAChR agonists, significantly rescued depressive-like behavior, with a reduction in the number of BrdU-positive cells in the DG of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-86
32815115-8	2020	Taken together, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine rescues depressive-like behavior via alpha7-type nAChR through the activation of both PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways in CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	115-120
33328880-12	2020	Taken together, our findings suggest that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced HT-22 cell injury through activating the alpha7-nAChR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, which indicates that nicotine may be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	116-128
33182055-7	2020	RESULTS: RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the expression of YAP1/TAZ and Notch1/Dll1 was upregulated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	notch 1	Mus musculus	87-93
33182055-7	2020	RESULTS: RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the expression of YAP1/TAZ and Notch1/Dll1 was upregulated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	delta like canonical Notch ligand 1	Mus musculus	94-98
33114531-0	2020	Nicotine Causes Nephrotoxicity through the Induction of NLRP6 Inflammasome and Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	NLR family pyrin domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	56-61
33114531-0	2020	Nicotine Causes Nephrotoxicity through the Induction of NLRP6 Inflammasome and Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-118
33114531-9	2020	Furthermore, nicotine significantly increased the expression of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR).	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-107
33114531-10	2020	Nicotine activated the NLRP6 inflammasome and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.	Nicotine	0-8	NLR family pyrin domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	23-28
33114531-12	2020	In addition, nicotine induced the NLRP6 inflammasome and autophagy via alpha7nAChR.	Nicotine	13-21	NLR family pyrin domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	34-39
33114531-14	2020	The results indicated that alpha7nAChR, IRE1alpha, LC3 and NLRP6 expression in kidney sections was markedly increased in the nicotine groups.	Nicotine	125-133	NLR family pyrin domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	59-64
33114531-15	2020	These findings suggest that nicotine causes kidney damage by modulating alpha7nAChR, NLRP6 inflammasome, ER stress and autophagy.	Nicotine	28-36	NLR family pyrin domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	85-90
32738308-4	2020	The nAChRs that contain the alpha4 and beta2 subunits, often in combination with the alpha6 subunit, are particularly important for nicotine"s ability to increase midbrain dopamine neuron firing rates and phasic burst firing.	Nicotine	132-140	proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like	Nicotiana tabacum	28-34
32568759-1	2020	The diversity of nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) subunits underlies the complex responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	49-54
32568759-3	2020	Deletion or partial deletion of the alpha4, beta2 or both nAChR subunits reduced the sensitivity of mice to acute nicotine administration.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-63
32568759-12	2020	However, following chronic treatment with 4.0 mg/kg/h nicotine, wild type, alpha4 and alpha4 mice displayed increased Y-maze crossings following acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg nicotine that may reflect the activity of alpha6beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	234-239
32568759-12	2020	However, following chronic treatment with 4.0 mg/kg/h nicotine, wild type, alpha4 and alpha4 mice displayed increased Y-maze crossings following acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg nicotine that may reflect the activity of alpha6beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	179-187	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	234-239
32896531-7	2021	These findings suggest that DOPA-GPR143 signaling may be involved in the nicotine action in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems.	Nicotine	73-81	G protein-coupled receptor 143	Homo sapiens	33-39
32763540-3	2020	Rewarding effects of nicotine from cigarettes are associated, among others, with mu-opioid receptors encoded by the OPRM1 gene.	Nicotine	21-29	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
32763540-8	2020	This is the first study to reveal that nicotine dependence is associated with the GC haplotype of the OPRM1 rs1799971 and rs510769 in all subjects or specifically in healthy controls.	Nicotine	39-47	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
32304995-0	2020	Acute nicotine administration stimulates ciliary activity via alpha3beta4 nAChR in the mouse trachea.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-79
32304995-5	2020	Nicotine-induced PTS acceleration was sensitive to the general nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and d-tubocurarine as well as to the alpha3beta4-nAChR antagonist alpha-conotoxin AulB, but not to other antagonists primarily addressing alpha3beta2-nAChR or alpha4-, alpha7- and alpha9-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	63-68
32304995-5	2020	Nicotine-induced PTS acceleration was sensitive to the general nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and d-tubocurarine as well as to the alpha3beta4-nAChR antagonist alpha-conotoxin AulB, but not to other antagonists primarily addressing alpha3beta2-nAChR or alpha4-, alpha7- and alpha9-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	142-147
32304995-5	2020	Nicotine-induced PTS acceleration was sensitive to the general nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and d-tubocurarine as well as to the alpha3beta4-nAChR antagonist alpha-conotoxin AulB, but not to other antagonists primarily addressing alpha3beta2-nAChR or alpha4-, alpha7- and alpha9-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	142-147
32304995-7	2020	Tracheas from mice with genetic deletion of nAChR subunits alpha5, alpha7, alpha9, alpha10, alpha9/10, and beta2 retained full PTS response to nicotine, whereas this was entirely lost in tracheas from mice lacking the beta4-subunit.	Nicotine	143-151	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6B	Mus musculus	92-101
32552811-6	2020	Sub-chronic e-cig exposure with nicotine increased inflammatory cellular influx of macrophages and T-lymphocytes including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased SARS-Cov-2 Covid-19 ACE2 receptor, whereas nAChRalpha7 KO mice show reduced inflammatory responses associated with decreased ACE2 receptor.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-236
32388154-5	2020	Additionally, molecular docking of all 8 nicotine analogs with the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha 7 nAChR) was performed.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-107
32174265-7	2020	Immunoblotting revealed a >2-fold increase in phosphorylation of CREB with nicotine, peaking at 4 h. Nicotine treatment of cells increased viability from 35% to 54%, and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity increased by 1.4-fold.	Nicotine	75-83	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
32174265-7	2020	Immunoblotting revealed a >2-fold increase in phosphorylation of CREB with nicotine, peaking at 4 h. Nicotine treatment of cells increased viability from 35% to 54%, and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity increased by 1.4-fold.	Nicotine	101-109	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
32398966-13	2020	This is the first demonstration that cilostazol could alleviate nicotine induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy through restoration of autophagy flux by activation of CTSB and inhibiting ROS/p38/JNK pathway, exhibiting a feedback loop on regulation of autophagy and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy.	Nicotine	64-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
32368126-7	2020	Results: Unlike the nicotine-containing e-vapor, nicotine-free e-vapor significantly increased the amount of IL6, which was coupled with increased levels of intracellular MUC5AC protein.	Nicotine	49-57	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	171-177
32368126-8	2020	Importantly, a neutralizing IL6 antibody (vs an IgG isotype control) significantly inhibited the production of MUC5AC induced by nicotine-free e-vapor.	Nicotine	129-137	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	111-117
32318084-4	2020	Significant reductions (up to 17-fold) in percent leaf nicotine were observed in genotypes homozygous for combined mutations in BBL-a, BBL-b, and BBL-c.	Nicotine	55-63	reticuline oxidase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	146-151
32146343-7	2020	Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the SOX2-positive cells positive for PRRX1 in nicotine-treated groups decreased to 61% (4-week-old) and 70% (8-week-old) of the saline-treated controls.	Nicotine	87-95	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
31881170-1	2020	Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) containing the beta2 subunit is a potentially critical mechanism underlying the body weight (BW) reducing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	181-189	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	23-55
31881170-1	2020	Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) containing the beta2 subunit is a potentially critical mechanism underlying the body weight (BW) reducing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	181-189	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	57-62
31978493-0	2020	Nicotine induces resilience to chronic social defeat stress in a mouse model of water pipe tobacco exposure by activating BDNF signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	122-126
31978493-6	2020	The involvement of brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the nicotine-mediated effects was assessed with the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB) inhibitor, ANA-12.	Nicotine	70-78	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	19-52
31978493-9	2020	Finally, we showed that nicotine mediates the effects of WTS only on resilience to stress by increasing BDNF and TRKB levels and signaling.	Nicotine	24-32	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	104-108
31978493-10	2020	Our results suggest that the pathways mediating resilience to stress and anxiety are distinct and that nicotine mediates the effects of WTS on social behavior, but not anxiety, by activating BDNF signaling.	Nicotine	103-111	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	191-195
31978493-13	2020	Finally, it identifies BDNF/TRKB signaling pathway as a major mediator of the positive effects of nicotine on social interaction.	Nicotine	98-106	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	23-27
32098843-4	2020	Deletion of Gpr151 inhibits evoked neurotransmission but enhances spontaneous miniature synaptic currents and eliminates short-term plasticity induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	154-162	G protein-coupled receptor 151	Homo sapiens	12-18
32106059-0	2020	Human secreted protein SLURP-1 abolishes nicotine-induced proliferation, PTEN down-regulation and alpha7-nAChR expression up-regulation in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	41-49	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	23-30
32106059-1	2020	Human Ly-6/uPAR-related protein-1 (SLURP-1) is an allosteric negative modulator of the alpha7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7-nAChR), one of the key receptors promoting nicotine-induced proliferation of lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	183-191	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	35-42
32106059-3	2020	rSLURP-1 fully abolished the nicotine-induced increase of the cell proliferation, down-regulation of the expression of PTEN (the negative regulator of the AKT pathway, controlling the growth, survival, and proliferation of cancer cells), and up-regulation of the alpha7-nAChR expression in the A549 cells.	Nicotine	29-37	secreted Ly6/Plaur domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
32106059-3	2020	rSLURP-1 fully abolished the nicotine-induced increase of the cell proliferation, down-regulation of the expression of PTEN (the negative regulator of the AKT pathway, controlling the growth, survival, and proliferation of cancer cells), and up-regulation of the alpha7-nAChR expression in the A549 cells.	Nicotine	29-37	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	119-123
32106059-8	2020	Thus, rSLURP-1 could be considered a promising prototype of drugs to prevent nicotine-induced pathologies and cancer treatment.	Nicotine	77-85	secreted Ly6/Plaur domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-14
32153570-0	2020	MicroRNA124-IL6R Mediates the Effect of Nicotine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance Toward Th1.	Nicotine	40-48	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	95-98
32153570-2	2020	Cigarette extracts, especially nicotine, affect the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	31-39	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	56-59
32153570-8	2020	Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 could eliminate the polarization toward Th1 after nicotine treatment, suggesting that miR-124 mediates the effect of nicotine on the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	81-89	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	168-171
32153570-8	2020	Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 could eliminate the polarization toward Th1 after nicotine treatment, suggesting that miR-124 mediates the effect of nicotine on the Th1/Th2 balance.	Nicotine	148-156	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	168-171
32153570-10	2020	Taken together, these results suggest that nicotine shifts the balance of Th1/Th2 toward Th1 via a miR-124-mediated IL-6R pathway, which might explain its dual role in IBDs.	Nicotine	43-51	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	78-81
31187118-0	2020	Prolonging the Reduction of Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats by Coadministering Chronic Nicotine With Amitifadine, a Triple Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor With CYP2B6 Inhibitory Actions.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 3	Rattus norvegicus	162-168
31733211-8	2019	Collectively, our data suggest that nicotine enhances cathepsin B-dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and the consequent production of a novel permeability factor HMGB1, which causes disruption of inter-endothelial tight junctions leading to endothelial hyperpermeability.	Nicotine	36-44	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	76-81
31835799-0	2019	The alpha9 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediates Nicotine-Induced PD-L1 Expression and Regulates Melanoma Cell Proliferation and Migration.	Nicotine	53-61	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	70-75
31835799-3	2019	Here, we investigate whether nicotine, a primary constituent of tobacco, induces PD-L1 expression and promotes melanoma cell proliferation and migration, which is mediated by the alpha9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha9-nAChR).	Nicotine	29-37	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-86
31835799-9	2019	Moreover, PD-L1 expression was upregulated in melanoma cells after nicotine treatment via the transcription factor STAT3 binding to the PD-L1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	10-15
31835799-9	2019	Moreover, PD-L1 expression was upregulated in melanoma cells after nicotine treatment via the transcription factor STAT3 binding to the PD-L1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	136-141
31835799-10	2019	These results highlight that nicotine-induced alpha9-nAChR activity promotes melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and PD-L1 upregulation.	Nicotine	29-37	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	121-126
31835799-11	2019	This study may reveal important insights into the mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced melanoma growth and metastasis through alpha9-nAChR-mediated carcinogenic signals and PD-L1 expression.	Nicotine	72-80	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	175-180
31744841-9	2019	These actions of nicotine, which occurred at concentrations of nicotine found in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid of cigarette smokers, may play a role in the reward system"s adaptive response to repeated nicotine exposure.Significance Statement This study uncovers novel aspects of nAChR neuropharmacology and VTA neurobiology that have implications for understanding nicotine dependence mechanisms.	Nicotine	17-25	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	285-290
31553625-9	2019	Nicotine exposure significantly inhibited autophagy activities in neonatal brain tissues, characterized by an increased ratio of p-mTOR/total mTOR protein expression but reduced levels of ATG5, Beclin 1 and LC3beta I/II.	Nicotine	0-8	autophagy related 5	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
29158210-8	2018	The UGT2B10 phenotype ratio (nicotine glucuronide/nicotine) was higher at early and late pregnancy compared with postpartum (P = 0.07 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively) and correlated with a second UGT2B10 phenotype ratio (cotinine glucuronide/cotinine) (all P &lt; 0.001), suggesting UGT2B10 activity is induced during pregnancy.	Nicotine	29-37	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	4-11
29158210-8	2018	The UGT2B10 phenotype ratio (nicotine glucuronide/nicotine) was higher at early and late pregnancy compared with postpartum (P = 0.07 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively) and correlated with a second UGT2B10 phenotype ratio (cotinine glucuronide/cotinine) (all P &lt; 0.001), suggesting UGT2B10 activity is induced during pregnancy.	Nicotine	29-37	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	194-201
29158210-8	2018	The UGT2B10 phenotype ratio (nicotine glucuronide/nicotine) was higher at early and late pregnancy compared with postpartum (P = 0.07 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively) and correlated with a second UGT2B10 phenotype ratio (cotinine glucuronide/cotinine) (all P &lt; 0.001), suggesting UGT2B10 activity is induced during pregnancy.	Nicotine	29-37	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	194-201
28419642-6	2018	GABAB1 knockout (GABAB1 KO) mice received NIC during the conditioning phase.	Nicotine	42-45	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1	Mus musculus	0-6
28419642-9	2018	NIC induced rewarding effects in the CPP paradigm and increased dopamine levels in Acb and PFC, alpha4beta2nAChRs density in VTA and c-Fos expression in Acb shell (AcbSh), VTA and PFC.	Nicotine	0-3	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	133-138
30009210-7	2018	Consistent with our previous studies low- and high-dose nicotine both induced c-Fos activation of various intensities at multiple sites in VTA.	Nicotine	56-64	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	78-83
30009210-8	2018	Double labeling of c-Fos activated cells with GAD67-GFP positive cells identified a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in Substantia Nigra Compact part Medial tier (SNCM) that were activated by high- but not by low-dose nicotine.	Nicotine	220-228	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	19-24
30009210-9	2018	Of 217 GABAergic cells counted at this site, 48.9% exhibited nicotine induced c-fos immunoreactivity.	Nicotine	61-69	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	78-83
30176160-9	2018	Nicotine treatment increased the proportion of Th2 and Treg cells, decreased the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen, reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines, and attenuated the severity of myocardium lesions and cellular infiltration in viral myocarditis.	Nicotine	0-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	47-50
28277073-0	2017	Enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor"s angiogenic capacity by the therapeutic modulation of notch signalling improves tram flap survival in rats submitted to nicotine.	Nicotine	171-179	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	15-49
28277073-0	2017	Enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor"s angiogenic capacity by the therapeutic modulation of notch signalling improves tram flap survival in rats submitted to nicotine.	Nicotine	171-179	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
28277073-2	2017	Considering that Notch signalling through its ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) functions as anti-angiogenic factor by inhibiting the pro-angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), it is hypothesised that inhibition of the Notch would promote angiogenesis and increase TRAM flap survival in rats submitted to nicotine.	Nicotine	324-332	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
28277073-2	2017	Considering that Notch signalling through its ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) functions as anti-angiogenic factor by inhibiting the pro-angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), it is hypothesised that inhibition of the Notch would promote angiogenesis and increase TRAM flap survival in rats submitted to nicotine.	Nicotine	324-332	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
28277073-15	2017	CONCLUSION: Notch inhibition significantly improved TRAM flap survival in animals exposed to nicotine by promoting VEGF-induced angiogenesis.	Nicotine	93-101	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-17
28277073-15	2017	CONCLUSION: Notch inhibition significantly improved TRAM flap survival in animals exposed to nicotine by promoting VEGF-induced angiogenesis.	Nicotine	93-101	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
28401925-0	2017	Menthol Enhances Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior by Potentiating Nicotine-Induced Changes in nAChR Function, nAChR Upregulation, and DA Neuron Excitability.	Nicotine	17-25	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	94-99
28401925-0	2017	Menthol Enhances Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior by Potentiating Nicotine-Induced Changes in nAChR Function, nAChR Upregulation, and DA Neuron Excitability.	Nicotine	17-25	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	110-115
28401925-0	2017	Menthol Enhances Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior by Potentiating Nicotine-Induced Changes in nAChR Function, nAChR Upregulation, and DA Neuron Excitability.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	94-99
28401925-0	2017	Menthol Enhances Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior by Potentiating Nicotine-Induced Changes in nAChR Function, nAChR Upregulation, and DA Neuron Excitability.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	110-115
28401925-4	2017	Menthol plus nicotine upregulates nAChR number and function on midbrain DA neurons more than nicotine alone.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	34-39
28462940-0	2017	Chronic Nicotine Alters Corticostriatal Plasticity in the Striatopallidal Pathway Mediated By NR2B-Containing Silent Synapses.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	94-98
28653505-5	2017	In sharp contrast to wild-type littermates, Gprc5a-/- mice treated chronically with the nicotine-specific carcinogen NNK developed LUADs by 6 months following NNK exposure.	Nicotine	88-96	G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A	Mus musculus	44-50
29212186-0	2017	alpha7 nAChR mediated Fas demethylation contributes to prenatal nicotine exposure-induced programmed thymocyte apoptosis in mice.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	0-12
29212186-4	2017	Further, by exposing thymocytes to 0-100 muM of nicotine in vitro for 48 h, we found that nicotine increased alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression, activated the Fas apoptotic pathway, and promoted thymocyte apoptosis in concentration-dependent manners.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	150-155
29212186-4	2017	Further, by exposing thymocytes to 0-100 muM of nicotine in vitro for 48 h, we found that nicotine increased alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression, activated the Fas apoptotic pathway, and promoted thymocyte apoptosis in concentration-dependent manners.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	150-155
29212186-5	2017	In addition, nicotine could induce Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) 2 expression and Fas promoter demethylation, which can be abolished by TET2 siRNA transfection.	Nicotine	13-21	tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2	Mus musculus	39-73
29212186-5	2017	In addition, nicotine could induce Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) 2 expression and Fas promoter demethylation, which can be abolished by TET2 siRNA transfection.	Nicotine	13-21	tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2	Mus musculus	143-147
29212186-6	2017	Moreover, the alpha7 nAChR specific antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin can abrogate nicotine-induced TET2 increase, and the following Fas demethylation and Fas-mediated apoptosis.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	21-26
29212186-6	2017	Moreover, the alpha7 nAChR specific antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin can abrogate nicotine-induced TET2 increase, and the following Fas demethylation and Fas-mediated apoptosis.	Nicotine	79-87	tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2	Mus musculus	96-100
28608236-0	2017	The Neuroprotective Effect of Curcumin Against Nicotine-Induced Neurotoxicity is Mediated by CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway.	Nicotine	47-55	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
28608236-3	2017	The current study was designed to evaluate the role of CREB-BDNF signaling in mediating the neuroprotective effects of curcumin against nicotine-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.	Nicotine	136-144	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
28267333-1	2017	Little is known about transcriptional regulators of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 (UGT2B10), an enzyme known to glucuronidate many chemicals and drugs such as nicotine and tricyclic antidepressants.	Nicotine	162-170	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	52-84
28267333-1	2017	Little is known about transcriptional regulators of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 (UGT2B10), an enzyme known to glucuronidate many chemicals and drugs such as nicotine and tricyclic antidepressants.	Nicotine	162-170	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	86-93
28551462-5	2017	Meanwhile, it was found that the anti-nicotine antibodies elicited by LPKN and LPNKN bind nicotine stronger than those elicited by LPKN, and LPNK and LPNKN resulted in a more balanced Th1-Th2 immunity than LPKN.	Nicotine	38-46	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	188-191
28551462-5	2017	Meanwhile, it was found that the anti-nicotine antibodies elicited by LPKN and LPNKN bind nicotine stronger than those elicited by LPKN, and LPNK and LPNKN resulted in a more balanced Th1-Th2 immunity than LPKN.	Nicotine	90-98	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	188-191
28506824-0	2017	Hypoxia and nicotine effects on Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor 1 (PAC1) in the developing piglet brainstem.	Nicotine	12-20	ADCYAP receptor type I	Homo sapiens	111-115
28509375-1	2017	Delta and kappa opioid receptors (DOR and KOR, respectively) and their endogenous ligands, proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN)-derived opioid peptides are proposed as important mediators of nicotine reward.	Nicotine	199-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-104
28509375-1	2017	Delta and kappa opioid receptors (DOR and KOR, respectively) and their endogenous ligands, proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN)-derived opioid peptides are proposed as important mediators of nicotine reward.	Nicotine	199-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
28509375-2	2017	This study investigated the regulatory effect of chronic nicotine treatment on the gene expression of DOR, KOR, PENK and PDYN in the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	57-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
28691127-7	2017	Our data revealed that nicotine induced renal dysfunction manifested by significant abnormal levels of kidney function markers (creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium) accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde along with a reduction in glutathione level, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities.	Nicotine	23-31	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	292-317
28385482-5	2017	In our study, we found that nicotine could accelerate HeLa cells migration and invasion, activate PI3K/Akt and NF-kappaB pathways and increase the expression of Vimentin in vitro.	Nicotine	28-36	vimentin	Homo sapiens	161-169
28385482-6	2017	Moreover, we demonstrated that the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could reverse nicotine-induced cell migration and invasion, NF-kappaB activation and up-regulation of Vimentin.	Nicotine	82-90	vimentin	Homo sapiens	170-178
28385482-7	2017	Inhibition of NF-kappaB by Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also antagonized nicotine-induced cell migration, invasion and up-regulation of Vimentin.	Nicotine	79-87	vimentin	Homo sapiens	142-150
28347687-11	2017	These data provide novel evidence about the effects of chronic nicotine inhalation on the expression of key glial glutamate transporters as well as alpha-7 nAChR.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	148-161
28498560-2	2017	Genetic deletion of alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits has been associated with increased nicotine intake, however, it remains unclear whether acute nicotine is less aversive or more rewarding, and whether mice lacking the alpha5 nAChR subunit can experience withdrawal from chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	61-66
28257922-9	2017	DrG cell line and zebrafish exposed to nicotine significantly increased the elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) while depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidise(GPx1a) was observed.	Nicotine	39-47	catalase	Danio rerio	200-208
28257922-9	2017	DrG cell line and zebrafish exposed to nicotine significantly increased the elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) while depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidise(GPx1a) was observed.	Nicotine	39-47	catalase	Danio rerio	210-213
27917437-9	2017	Furthermore, nicotine treatment significantly (P &lt; 0.05) attenuated the HFD-induced decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1).	Nicotine	13-21	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	139-169
27917437-9	2017	Furthermore, nicotine treatment significantly (P &lt; 0.05) attenuated the HFD-induced decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1).	Nicotine	13-21	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	171-176
27917437-10	2017	We conclude that nicotine, when combined with HFD, triggers CM apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress and inactivation of AMPK together with the activation of caspase-2-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling independently of FGF21 and SIRT1.	Nicotine	17-25	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	249-254
28013195-10	2017	Stimulation of neutrophils with an alpha7-specific nAChR agonist induced NETosis, whereas pretreatment with an nAChR antagonist attenuated nicotine-induced NETosis.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	111-116
28332590-0	2017	Nicotine enhances alcohol intake and dopaminergic responses through beta2* and beta4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	79-84
28332590-8	2017	Finally, we showed that nicotine-induced modifications of alcohol responses were absent in beta2-/- and beta4-/- mice, suggesting that nicotine triggers beta2* and beta4 * nAChR-dependent neuroadaptations that subsequently modify the responses to alcohol and thus indicating these receptors as key mediators in the complex interactions between these two drugs.	Nicotine	24-32	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	164-169
28332590-8	2017	Finally, we showed that nicotine-induced modifications of alcohol responses were absent in beta2-/- and beta4-/- mice, suggesting that nicotine triggers beta2* and beta4 * nAChR-dependent neuroadaptations that subsequently modify the responses to alcohol and thus indicating these receptors as key mediators in the complex interactions between these two drugs.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	172-177
28332590-8	2017	Finally, we showed that nicotine-induced modifications of alcohol responses were absent in beta2-/- and beta4-/- mice, suggesting that nicotine triggers beta2* and beta4 * nAChR-dependent neuroadaptations that subsequently modify the responses to alcohol and thus indicating these receptors as key mediators in the complex interactions between these two drugs.	Nicotine	135-143	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	104-109
28332590-8	2017	Finally, we showed that nicotine-induced modifications of alcohol responses were absent in beta2-/- and beta4-/- mice, suggesting that nicotine triggers beta2* and beta4 * nAChR-dependent neuroadaptations that subsequently modify the responses to alcohol and thus indicating these receptors as key mediators in the complex interactions between these two drugs.	Nicotine	135-143	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	164-169
28332590-8	2017	Finally, we showed that nicotine-induced modifications of alcohol responses were absent in beta2-/- and beta4-/- mice, suggesting that nicotine triggers beta2* and beta4 * nAChR-dependent neuroadaptations that subsequently modify the responses to alcohol and thus indicating these receptors as key mediators in the complex interactions between these two drugs.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	172-177
28293398-0	2017	Nicotine-induced damages in testicular tissue of rats; evidences for bcl-2, p53 and caspase-3 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
28293398-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Our data showed that, nicotine by suppressing the testosterone biosynthesis, reducing mRNA and protein levels of bcl-2 and up regulating the p53 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels adversely affects the spermatogenesis and results in cellular depletion.	Nicotine	34-42	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
28474065-0	2017	[Ginsenoside Rg1 regulates the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament cells via Akt/eNOS signaling under nicotine stress].	Nicotine	124-132	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	13-16
28474065-1	2017	PURPOSE: To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) under nicotine stress.	Nicotine	162-170	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	72-75
28074940-7	2017	These pathogenicities were significantly reduced by MLA, suggesting that alpha7 nAChR may play an important role in neuropathology caused by gp120, METH and NT, which are the major pathogenic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of HAND.	Nicotine	157-159	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	73-85
28240526-4	2017	Result: In the heart and lung, nicotine caused significant decrease in P53, Bax and Caspase-3 mRNAexpression levels compared to the control group.	Nicotine	31-39	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	71-74
27840928-8	2016	The results indicated that treatment with nicotine significantly attenuated the clinical and histopathological changes associated with arthritis, reduced CD11b-positive macrophages in the synovium, and downregulated the serum expression levels of MIP-1alpha and MCP-1.	Nicotine	42-50	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3	Mus musculus	247-257
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	36-65
27623427-5	2016	Brains from nicotine- or saline-exposed mice were processed with Golgi stain for whole neuron reconstruction in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus.	Nicotine	12-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	116-119
27623427-10	2016	In addition, reduced dendritic length and complexity in the apical CA1 branches in adult mice exposed to nicotine during adolescence were found.	Nicotine	105-113	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	67-70
31399937-0	2019	Age- and Nicotine-Associated Gene Expression Changes in the Hippocampus of APP/PS1 Mice.	Nicotine	9-17	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	79-82
31154625-5	2019	We hypothesized that IRF7 affects nicotine"s modulation of antiviral responses.	Nicotine	34-42	interferon regulatory factor 7	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
31762362-8	2021	Main outcome of interest was effect of dual teratogen exposure on the ultrasound measures IMT as indication of cardiometabolic risk.Results: cIMT was significantly higher in children exposed to both alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy compared to those not exposed (p = .008).	Nicotine	211-219	CIMT	Homo sapiens	141-145
31578682-12	2019	According to our findings, it can be suggested that nicotine has negative effects on microvascular circulation by increasing VEGF and MMP2 levels.	Nicotine	52-60	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
31612866-0	2019	The interaction between STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 interferes with nicotine-induced atherosclerosis via Akt/mTOR signaling cascade.	Nicotine	62-70	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	103-107
31612866-7	2019	nAChRalpha1 knockdown significantly decreases the nicotine-induced upregulation of p-STAT3, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vitro, while nAChRalpha1 overexpression has the opposite effects.	Nicotine	50-58	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	104-108
31612866-10	2019	Taken together, STAT3 and nAChRalpha1 blockade attenuates nicotine-induced atherosclerosis by reducing the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation in macrophages via the Akt/mTOR pathway.	Nicotine	58-66	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	211-215
31260652-9	2019	The results showed that intra-CA1 injection of an ineffective dose of ghrelin (0.03 nmol/microl) potentiated the nicotine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) response on amnesia induced by morphine.	Nicotine	113-121	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
31260652-12	2019	In conclusion, present study suggests the significant role of ghrelin in morphine-related memory and its interactive effect with nicotine in avoidance task via CA1 nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	129-137	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
31220484-7	2019	While beta2 and alpha6 KO mice showed a significant decrease in nicotine intake, deletion of alpha5 nAChRs increased nicotine consumption at high concentrations.	Nicotine	64-72	twinfilin actin binding protein 1	Mus musculus	16-22
31220484-8	2019	Deletion of the alpha7 subunit altered the observed sex difference in nicotine consumption, with females consuming less than males.	Nicotine	70-78	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	16-22
31377559-0	2019	Nicotine reverses the enhanced renal vasodilator capacity in endotoxic rats: Role of alpha7/alpha4beta2 nAChRs and HSP70.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
31377559-7	2019	Nicotine also reversed the downregulating effect of lipopolysaccharide on HSP70 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
31377559-9	2019	A similar abolition of nicotine effects was seen after HSP70 inhibition by quercetin.	Nicotine	23-31	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
31377559-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish that nicotine offsets lipopolysaccharide facilitation of renal vasodilations possibly through a crosstalk between HSP70 and nAChRs of the alpha7 and alpha4beta2 types.	Nicotine	43-51	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
31051233-0	2019	Nicotine prevents alpha-synuclein accumulation in mouse and human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons through activation of the dopamine D3- acetylcholine nicotinic receptor heteromer.	Nicotine	0-8	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	18-33
31051233-1	2019	We recently found that in mouse dopaminergic neurons, the heteromer formed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the beta2 subunit of acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) exerts neurotrophic effects when activated by nicotine, leading to neurons with enlarged cell bodies and increased dendrite arborization.	Nicotine	221-229	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	168-173
31051233-2	2019	Beside this action, we now show that nicotine, by activating the D3R-nAChR heteromer, protects dopaminergic neurons against neuronal injury.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	69-74
31051233-3	2019	In primary cultures of mouse dopaminergic neurons, in fact, the ability of nicotine to inhibit both the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein induced by glucose deprivation and the consequent morphological defects were strongly prevented by disrupting the D3R-nAChR heteromer with specific interfering TAT-peptides; the relevance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling in mediating nicotine prevention of alpha-synuclein aggregation has been also demonstrated.	Nicotine	75-83	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	133-148
31051233-3	2019	In primary cultures of mouse dopaminergic neurons, in fact, the ability of nicotine to inhibit both the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein induced by glucose deprivation and the consequent morphological defects were strongly prevented by disrupting the D3R-nAChR heteromer with specific interfering TAT-peptides; the relevance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling in mediating nicotine prevention of alpha-synuclein aggregation has been also demonstrated.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	267-272
31051233-3	2019	In primary cultures of mouse dopaminergic neurons, in fact, the ability of nicotine to inhibit both the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein induced by glucose deprivation and the consequent morphological defects were strongly prevented by disrupting the D3R-nAChR heteromer with specific interfering TAT-peptides; the relevance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling in mediating nicotine prevention of alpha-synuclein aggregation has been also demonstrated.	Nicotine	75-83	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	437-452
31051233-6	2019	In this human cell model, nicotine exerts neuroprotective effects specifically acting through the D3R-nAChR complex thus indicating that this heteromer is a relevant molecular effector involved in the protection of human dopaminergic neurons.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	102-107
31492433-0	2019	Association between PLA2G6 gene polymorphism for calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and nicotine dependence among males with schizophrenia.	Nicotine	90-98	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	49-85
27602328-4	2016	Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors-beta (ER-beta) immune reactivities following long-term treatment of alcohol, nicotine or a combination of both substances.	Nicotine	198-206	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-134
27602328-19	2016	CONCLUSION: It was concluded that combination of both ethanol and nicotine may be a crucial factor in the expression levels of AR and ER-beta.	Nicotine	66-74	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-141
27378334-0	2016	Impairment of contextual fear extinction by chronic nicotine and withdrawal from chronic nicotine is associated with hippocampal nAChR upregulation.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	129-134
27378334-0	2016	Impairment of contextual fear extinction by chronic nicotine and withdrawal from chronic nicotine is associated with hippocampal nAChR upregulation.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	129-134
27378334-8	2016	However, it was also observed that the effects of prior chronic nicotine disappeared after 72 h in withdrawal, a timeline that closely matches with the timing of the chronic nicotine-induced upregulation of hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	219-251
27378334-8	2016	However, it was also observed that the effects of prior chronic nicotine disappeared after 72 h in withdrawal, a timeline that closely matches with the timing of the chronic nicotine-induced upregulation of hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	253-258
30456877-8	2019	These findings suggest that MAOA rs1137070 contributes to the susceptibility to nicotine dependence through its influence on brain circuits involved in reward and attention, and interacts with smoking in the progression.	Nicotine	80-88	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	28-32
27378334-8	2016	However, it was also observed that the effects of prior chronic nicotine disappeared after 72 h in withdrawal, a timeline that closely matches with the timing of the chronic nicotine-induced upregulation of hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	219-251
22248091-1	2012	Chronic nicotine and oral contraceptive (NOC) exposure caused significant loss of hippocampal membrane-bound estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) in female rats compared with exposure to nicotine alone.	Nicotine	8-16	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-131
27378334-8	2016	However, it was also observed that the effects of prior chronic nicotine disappeared after 72 h in withdrawal, a timeline that closely matches with the timing of the chronic nicotine-induced upregulation of hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	253-258
27365175-7	2016	Moreover, knockdown of the beta1 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in dopaminergic neurons abolishes the acute nicotine response only in male flies, while panneural knock-down occurs in both sexes.	Nicotine	33-41	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha4	Drosophila melanogaster	66-71
27365175-8	2016	Taken together, our results reveal that in fruit flies, dopaminergic neurons mediate nicotine-induced acute locomotor hyperactivity in a sexually dimorphic manner, and Drosophila beta1 nAChR subunit plays a crucial role in this nicotine response.	Nicotine	85-93	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha4	Drosophila melanogaster	185-190
22248091-1	2012	Chronic nicotine and oral contraceptive (NOC) exposure caused significant loss of hippocampal membrane-bound estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) in female rats compared with exposure to nicotine alone.	Nicotine	8-16	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-140
27365175-8	2016	Taken together, our results reveal that in fruit flies, dopaminergic neurons mediate nicotine-induced acute locomotor hyperactivity in a sexually dimorphic manner, and Drosophila beta1 nAChR subunit plays a crucial role in this nicotine response.	Nicotine	228-236	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha4	Drosophila melanogaster	185-190
30422726-1	2019	AIM: Amyloid beta (Abeta) 1-42, which is a basic constituent of amyloid plaques, binds with extracellular transmembrane receptor nicotine acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (nAChRalpha7) in Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-180
27598153-2	2016	Previously, we have demonstrated that prenatal nicotine exposure suppressed fetal adrenal steroidogenesis via steroidogenic factor 1 deacetylation.	Nicotine	47-55	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	110-132
22248091-2	2012	Mitochondrial ER-beta regulates estrogen-mediated mitochondrial structure and function; therefore, investigating the impact of NOC on mitochondrial ER-beta and its function could help delineate the harmful synergism between nicotine and OC.	Nicotine	224-232	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-21
27428758-7	2016	Nicotine intake is correlated negatively with Chrnb2, Chrna7 and positively with Drd1 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	54-60
31078264-7	2019	Considering that D3R plays important roles in mediating reward-related physiological actions of alpha4beta2 nAChR, this study could provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	196-204	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	17-20
22248091-2	2012	Mitochondrial ER-beta regulates estrogen-mediated mitochondrial structure and function; therefore, investigating the impact of NOC on mitochondrial ER-beta and its function could help delineate the harmful synergism between nicotine and OC.	Nicotine	224-232	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	148-155
27430399-0	2016	Repeated nicotine exposure modulates prodynorphin and pronociceptin levels in the reward pathway.	Nicotine	9-17	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	54-67
22239849-0	2012	Low concentrations of nicotine differentially desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that include alpha5 or alpha6 subunits and that mediate synaptosomal neurotransmitter release.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-91
27430399-9	2016	Pnoc mRNA was significantly increased in the VM and the PFCx after sub-chronic administration of nicotine, whereas no alterations were observed after acute treatment.	Nicotine	97-105	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
27430399-12	2016	While several pnoc and pdyn changes were associated to nicotine administration, the only significant effect of sensitization was a significant increase in pdyn in the CPu.	Nicotine	55-63	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
27385416-14	2016	CONCLUSIONS: We propose that altered alpha5*-nAChR cholinergic signalling contributes to emotional/behavioural impairments that may be alleviated by nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	45-50
30867261-3	2019	Using an approach involving photoactivatable nicotine, we previously demonstrated that chronic nicotine (cNIC) potently enhances nAChR function in dendrites of MHb neurons.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	129-134
30867261-3	2019	Using an approach involving photoactivatable nicotine, we previously demonstrated that chronic nicotine (cNIC) potently enhances nAChR function in dendrites of MHb neurons.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	129-134
30867261-7	2019	Nicotine uncaging revealed nAChR functional enhancement by cNIC on proximal axonal membranes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	27-32
30836163-5	2019	We found that nicotine simultaneously activates AKT/mTOR pathway in HPV-immortalized cervical epithelial (H8) cell line, followed by elevation of 4EBP1/eIF4E axis expression and its translational activity with dose-dependent and time-dependent manners.	Nicotine	14-22	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
30836163-12	2019	Furthermore, phosphorylation of 4EBP1 induced by nicotine has been shown to cause dissociation of 4EBP1/eIF4E and eIF4E may serve as a promising determinant of nicotine activity in vitro.	Nicotine	49-57	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
30836163-12	2019	Furthermore, phosphorylation of 4EBP1 induced by nicotine has been shown to cause dissociation of 4EBP1/eIF4E and eIF4E may serve as a promising determinant of nicotine activity in vitro.	Nicotine	49-57	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
30836163-12	2019	Furthermore, phosphorylation of 4EBP1 induced by nicotine has been shown to cause dissociation of 4EBP1/eIF4E and eIF4E may serve as a promising determinant of nicotine activity in vitro.	Nicotine	160-168	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
30833077-7	2019	The results showed that nicotine promoted C2C12 myoblast differentiation by upregulating myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD and Myogenin.	Nicotine	24-32	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	128-132
30833077-7	2019	The results showed that nicotine promoted C2C12 myoblast differentiation by upregulating myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD and Myogenin.	Nicotine	24-32	myogenin	Mus musculus	137-145
30811401-6	2019	We further showed a significant yet differential effect on expression levels of core clock and clock-controlled genes (Bmal1, Per2) in the lungs of mice exposed to e-cig vapor containing nicotine.	Nicotine	187-195	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like	Mus musculus	119-124
27517088-7	2016	Using similar EtOH and nicotine pretreatment methods resulted in increased paired-pulse ratios of evoked EPSCs in enkephalin-positive medium spiny neurons in DLS slices.	Nicotine	23-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
22239849-0	2012	Low concentrations of nicotine differentially desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that include alpha5 or alpha6 subunits and that mediate synaptosomal neurotransmitter release.	Nicotine	22-30	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	115-121
30272249-0	2019	Nicotine Promotes Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Immortalized Cervical Epithelial Cells (H8) Proliferation by Activating RPS27a-Mdm2-P53 Pathway In Vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	ribosomal protein S27a	Homo sapiens	117-123
30272249-7	2019	It suggested that reduction in stabilization of P53 induced by nicotine may be negative regulator for P53/P21 signaling pathway that acts to prevent the growth of cells.	Nicotine	63-71	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	106-109
22239849-2	2012	Several subtypes of nAChR have high sensitivity to nicotine and mediate effects of nicotine at concentrations found in blood of tobacco smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	20-25
30272249-8	2019	In addition, reduction of RPS27a expression in nicotine treatment H8 cells up-regulated phosphorylation of Mdm2 at serine residue 166, followed by facilitating Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of P53.	Nicotine	47-55	ribosomal protein S27a	Homo sapiens	26-32
30272249-9	2019	Simply put, these findings suggest that nicotine promotes H8 cell lines proliferation by activating RPS27a-Mdm2-P53 pathway in vitro.	Nicotine	40-48	ribosomal protein S27a	Homo sapiens	100-106
27095017-11	2016	It also suggests that nicotine non-specific elements of the smoking experience have an important role in regulating MOR-mediated neurotransmission, and in turn modulating withdrawal-induced craving ratings.	Nicotine	22-30	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
27459726-1	2016	It has been proposed that vulnerability to nicotine addiction is moderated by variation at the mu-opioid receptor locus (OPRM1), but results from human studies vary and prospective studies based on genotype are lacking.	Nicotine	43-51	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	leptin	Homo sapiens	407-413
22239849-2	2012	Several subtypes of nAChR have high sensitivity to nicotine and mediate effects of nicotine at concentrations found in blood of tobacco smokers.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	20-25
30453884-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate rs4887074 is associated with CHRNB4 expression, and along with two regulatory variants of CHRNA3 and CHRNA5, modulates the effect of rs16969968 on nicotine dependence risk.	Nicotine	183-191	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-71
22285742-3	2012	Chronic nicotine treatment upregulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); however, it is unknown whether upregulation is related to the observed withdrawal-induced cognitive deficits.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	39-72
30227235-11	2018	CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that response similar to nicotine withdrawal or/and hypoxia induced by childhood chronic asthma enhances the BDNF-Cdc42/RhoA signaling pathway and activates cofilin1, leading to the remodeling of actin, causing the loss of dendritic spines and atrophy of dendrites, eventually resulting in behavioral alterations.	Nicotine	54-62	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	138-142
30227235-11	2018	CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that response similar to nicotine withdrawal or/and hypoxia induced by childhood chronic asthma enhances the BDNF-Cdc42/RhoA signaling pathway and activates cofilin1, leading to the remodeling of actin, causing the loss of dendritic spines and atrophy of dendrites, eventually resulting in behavioral alterations.	Nicotine	54-62	cofilin 1, non-muscle	Mus musculus	186-194
29981921-5	2018	In primary osteoblastic cells, both nicotine (0, 162, 1620, 16,200 ng/ml) and corticosterone (0, 50, 250, 1250 nM) promoted the mRNA expression of OPG but concentration-dependently suppressed that of RANKL.	Nicotine	36-44	TNF receptor superfamily member 11B	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
30103281-0	2018	Regulator of G protein signaling 2 differentially regulates nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in mice.	Nicotine	60-68	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	0-34
30103281-1	2018	This study assessed the role of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) in nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects using RGS2 wildtype (WT) and RGS2 knockout (KO) mice.	Nicotine	77-85	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	32-66
30103281-1	2018	This study assessed the role of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) in nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects using RGS2 wildtype (WT) and RGS2 knockout (KO) mice.	Nicotine	77-85	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	68-72
30103281-3	2018	We hypothesized that deletion of RGS2 would enhance nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, which were assessed using the elevated plus maze and tail suspension tests, respectively.	Nicotine	52-60	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	33-37
30103281-4	2018	Anxiolytic-like effects were observed in both RGS2 WT and KO mice after administration of low dose of nicotine (0.05 mg/kg, base) compared to respective saline controls.	Nicotine	102-110	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	46-50
30103281-5	2018	Additionally, administration of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline resulted in anxiolytic-like effects in RGS2 KO mice, but not RGS2 WT mice, suggesting genetic deletion of RGS2 facilitated anxiolytic-like effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	32-40	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	117-121
26502779-10	2016	Applying nicotine alone also reduced Th2 cytokine levels and eosinophil numbers in the airways.	Nicotine	9-17	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	37-40
26921469-15	2016	These results demonstrate that striatal cholinergic interneurons play a critical role in LIDs and support the idea that nicotine treatment reduces LIDs via nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	156-161
27224911-0	2016	Increased translocation of antigens to endosomes and TLR4 mediated endosomal recruitment of TAP contribute to nicotine augmented cross-presentation.	Nicotine	110-118	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
27224911-4	2016	We demonstrated that nicotine increase the expressiones of mannose receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) via PI3K-Akt-mTOR-p70S6 pathway.	Nicotine	21-29	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	102-106
27224911-5	2016	Both endosomal translocation of mannose receptor-internalized antigens and TLR4 sig- naling are necessary for nicotine-augmented cross-presentation and cross-priming.	Nicotine	110-118	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
27224911-6	2016	Importantly, the recruitment of TAP toward endosomes via TLR4-MyD88-IRAK4 signaling contributes to nicotine-increased cross-presentation and cross-activation of T cells.	Nicotine	99-107	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	57-61
26538356-9	2016	Furthermore M-CSF levels tended to be low in preterm deliveries, placental insufficiency and nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	93-101	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
30150424-1	2018	BACKGROUND/AIM: We have previously reported that simvastatin exhibits antioxidant properties via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP-response element binding (CREB) protein-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and chronic nicotine exposure inhibits ERK/CREB signaling in renal proximal tubule cells (through p66shc).	Nicotine	244-252	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
30150424-6	2018	RESULTS: Nicotine suppressed simvastatin-dependent activation of HO1 and MnSOD promoters and activity of CREB and ELK1 via p66shc.	Nicotine	9-17	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
22285742-3	2012	Chronic nicotine treatment upregulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); however, it is unknown whether upregulation is related to the observed withdrawal-induced cognitive deficits.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-79
22285742-4	2012	If a relationship between altered learning and nAChR levels exists, changes in nAChR levels after cessation of nicotine treatment should match the duration of learning deficits.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	47-52
22285742-4	2012	If a relationship between altered learning and nAChR levels exists, changes in nAChR levels after cessation of nicotine treatment should match the duration of learning deficits.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	79-84
27059649-3	2016	In this study, we show that cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway modulates nicotine-induced currents, as increased cGMP affects the second compound of the biphasic current-voltage curve, corresponding to the nAChR2 receptors.	Nicotine	120-128	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
22285742-6	2012	Changes in [(125)I]-epibatidine binding at cytisine-sensitive and cytisine-resistant nAChRs and chronic nicotine-related changes in alpha4, alpha7, and beta2 nAChR subunit mRNA expression were assessed.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	132-157
27059649-8	2016	These results suggest that nicotine-induced currents mediated by both alpha-bungarotoxin-insensitive nAChR1 and nAChR2 are coupled to the cGMP/PKG pathway.	Nicotine	27-35	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
29692206-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Separate alpha1- and beta-adrenergic antagonists have shown efficacy in reducing nicotine-motivated behaviors in rodents and humans, supporting a role for the noradrenergic system in mediating the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	95-103	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	23-29
27059649-13	2016	We demonstrate that nicotine-induced currents are coupled to the cGMP/PKG pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
22285742-9	2012	Chronic nicotine upregulated hippocampal cytisine-sensitive nAChR binding; upregulation continued after cessation of nicotine administration and the duration of upregulation during withdrawal paralleled the duration of behavioral changes.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
22285742-12	2012	Thus, nicotine withdrawal-related deficits in contextual learning are time-limited changes that are associated with temporal changes in upregulation of high-affinity nAChR binding.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	166-171
22119395-12	2012	These data indicate that neonatal nicotine exposure has long lasting effects and results in increased excitation within the CA1 hippocampus in adulthood, with males showing increased sensitivity to nicotine"s effects.	Nicotine	34-42	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
27068812-7	2016	Nicotine-induced currents were obtained in neurons from alpha7, beta2, alpha5, and alpha6 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-62
27068812-7	2016	Nicotine-induced currents were obtained in neurons from alpha7, beta2, alpha5, and alpha6 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	83-89
29859873-0	2018	Chronic nicotine improves cognitive and social impairment in mice overexpressing wild type alpha-synuclein.	Nicotine	8-16	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	91-106
22766705-8	2012	After 4 weeks in chondrogenic medium, nicotine dose-dependently decreased the expression of aggrecan, Col2A1 and IGF-1 genes in rat BMSCs chondrogenesis compared with the control (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	38-46	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	102-108
29883681-3	2018	Previously, we have reported that the combination of stress and AD causes more severe inhibition of synaptic plasticity of hippocampal area CA1 than chronic stress or AD alone, and that chronic nicotine treatment prevents this impairment.	Nicotine	194-202	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
29369741-10	2018	NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Recent reports revealed that nicotine at high concentration activated transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor (TRPA1) expressed in vagal bronchopulmonary sensory nerves.	Nicotine	50-58	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Cavia porcellus	91-138
29369741-10	2018	NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Recent reports revealed that nicotine at high concentration activated transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor (TRPA1) expressed in vagal bronchopulmonary sensory nerves.	Nicotine	50-58	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Cavia porcellus	140-145
29369741-11	2018	This study showed that inhalation of a single breath of nicotine aerosol consistently evoked acute bronchoconstriction that was mediated through the cholinergic reflex pathway and triggered by activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but not TRPA1, located in these nerves.	Nicotine	56-64	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Cavia porcellus	249-254
29914177-3	2018	In this study, we explored the induction of the Cyp2b1 (homologous to CYP2B6) by nicotine in an animal rat model with glioma.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 3	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
26585290-0	2016	Role of beta4* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Pathway in Nicotine Reinforcement in Mice.	Nicotine	92-100	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	8-14
26585290-1	2016	Nicotine exerts its psychopharmacological effects by activating the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), composed of alpha and/or beta subunits, giving rise to a diverse population of receptors with a distinct pharmacology.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	68-100
26585290-1	2016	Nicotine exerts its psychopharmacological effects by activating the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), composed of alpha and/or beta subunits, giving rise to a diverse population of receptors with a distinct pharmacology.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	102-107
26585290-7	2016	Re-expression of beta4* nAChRs in IPN neurons fully restored nicotine IVSA, and attenuated the increased sensitivity of VTA DA neurons to nicotine.	Nicotine	61-69	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	17-23
26585290-7	2016	Re-expression of beta4* nAChRs in IPN neurons fully restored nicotine IVSA, and attenuated the increased sensitivity of VTA DA neurons to nicotine.	Nicotine	138-146	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	17-23
26585290-8	2016	These findings suggest that beta4* nAChRs in the IPN have a role in maintaining nicotine IVSA.	Nicotine	80-88	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	28-34
27228072-5	2016	Treatment of cells with nicotine induced the mRNA and protein levels of alpha7 nAChR; this could be abrogated by treatment with inhibitors targeting Src, PI3K, MEK, alpha7 nAChR, CDK4/6 or a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 interaction.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	165-177
27228072-6	2016	Further, nicotine-mediated induction of alpha7 nAChR was reduced when E2F1 was depleted and in contrast elevated when STAT1 was depleted by siRNAs.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
27228072-6	2016	Further, nicotine-mediated induction of alpha7 nAChR was reduced when E2F1 was depleted and in contrast elevated when STAT1 was depleted by siRNAs.	Nicotine	9-17	E2F transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	70-74
22766705-8	2012	After 4 weeks in chondrogenic medium, nicotine dose-dependently decreased the expression of aggrecan, Col2A1 and IGF-1 genes in rat BMSCs chondrogenesis compared with the control (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	38-46	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
27228072-8	2016	These results suggest an autoregulatory feed-forward loop that induces the levels of alpha7 nAChR upon exposure to nicotine, which enhances the strength of the signal.	Nicotine	115-123	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	85-97
27228072-9	2016	It can be imagined that such an induction of alpha7 nAChR contributes to the tumor-promoting functions of nicotine.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	45-57
23061658-6	2012	Moreover variants on the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNB4-CHRNA5 are associated with nicotine addiction antismoking therapy and antismoking therapy side-effects.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-51
29431853-1	2018	UGT2B10 is an important metabolism enzyme in human body and its substrates include multiple amine-containing compounds, especially nicotine, tamoxifen and multiple antidepressants.	Nicotine	131-139	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	0-7
23251458-9	2012	All together, these findings demonstrated that nicotine enhanced insulin sensitivity in animals with or without insulin resistance, at least in part via stimulating alpha7-nAChR-STAT3 pathway independent of inflammation.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	165-177
23056257-7	2012	Both effects of nicotine were significantly prevented by the heteromeric alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype antagonists dihydro-beta-erythroidine and 4-(5-ethoxy-3-pyridinyl)-N-methyl-(3E)-3-buten-1-amine, but not by the homomeric alpha7 nAChR subtype antagonist methyllycaconitine, in murine progenitors.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	222-234
29627692-2	2018	This study investigated whether products of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or heme oxygenase (HO) and related soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling mediate the E2-sensitive depressant effect of nicotine on reflex tachycardia.	Nicotine	278-286	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
29626481-7	2018	Nicotine induces overexpression of DNMT3A and 3B, and methylated-inactivation of PENK gene in normal pancreatic epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	35-48
30159449-6	2016	Suppressing GABA accumulation by treatment with glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor impaired flooding-induced nicotine biosynthesis, while exogenous GABA application directly induced nicotine biosynthesis.	Nicotine	108-116	glutamate decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	48-71
22952905-0	2012	Environmental enrichment alters nicotine-mediated locomotor sensitization and phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and CREB in rat prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	32-40	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
26428091-0	2016	Exposure to nicotine increases nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in the reward pathway and binge ethanol consumption in C57BL/6J adolescent female mice.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	31-63
22952905-6	2012	Moreover, EC rats had lower basal phosphorylation levels of CREB at serine 133 in PFC and nucleus accumbens compared to IC and SC rats, whereas the nicotine-induced increase in phosphorylated CREB-Ser133 was more pronounced in PFC of EC rats relative to IC and SC rats.	Nicotine	148-156	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
26428091-3	2016	Past studies report that nicotine and ethanol activate dopamine neurons in the reward pathway and may increase synaptic levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	172-204
26428091-3	2016	Past studies report that nicotine and ethanol activate dopamine neurons in the reward pathway and may increase synaptic levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	206-211
26428091-9	2016	Autoradiographic analysis of nAChR density revealed higher epibatidine binding in frontal cortical regions in mice exposed to nicotine and ethanol compared to mice exposed to ethanol only.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	29-34
26786889-5	2016	Nicotine inhibition of TSLP production was abolished by pretreatments with alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) antagonists, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	75-114
26786889-5	2016	Nicotine inhibition of TSLP production was abolished by pretreatments with alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) antagonists, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	116-128
29757971-8	2018	The relative recovery values (for the analysis of 1 microg mL-1 nicotine) were found to be 91-110% for EE-DI-SPME and 75-105% for DI-SPME.	Nicotine	64-72	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	59-63
28914550-7	2018	Nicotine increased SOCS3 expression in the FLSs of RA.	Nicotine	0-8	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	19-24
28914550-8	2018	The inhibitory effect of nicotine on inflammatory factors was abolished by siRNA knockdown of SOCS3 protein expression.	Nicotine	25-33	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	94-99
22952905-6	2012	Moreover, EC rats had lower basal phosphorylation levels of CREB at serine 133 in PFC and nucleus accumbens compared to IC and SC rats, whereas the nicotine-induced increase in phosphorylated CREB-Ser133 was more pronounced in PFC of EC rats relative to IC and SC rats.	Nicotine	148-156	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
28914550-9	2018	Nicotine increased the expression of SOCS3 protein in the synovium and reduced synovitis and bone erosion in CIA mice.	Nicotine	0-8	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	37-42
26293459-0	2016	Adolescent (Mis)Perceptions About Nicotine Addiction: Results From a Mixed-Methods Study.	Nicotine	34-42	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	12-15
29114104-2	2018	In mice, nAChR activation by nicotine is anti-aggressive, or "serenic," an effect which requires alpha7 nAChRs and is recapitulated by GTS-21, an alpha7 nAChR partial agonist.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	104-109
21599724-0	2011	Effect of nicotine on cytochrome P450 1A2 activity.	Nicotine	10-18	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	22-41
29114104-10	2018	Short hairpin RNA knockdown of Chrna7 in the DG enhanced baseline aggression and eliminated the serenic effects of both nicotine and GTS-21 on attack latency.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	31-37
30090398-4	2016	Using human recombinant GST and plasma as well as erythrocytes collected from normal subjects this study demonstrates that out of the ten compounds, nicotine (5 mg mL-1), benzo[a]pyrene (10 ng mL-1), naphthalene (250 mug mL-1), and formaldehyde (5 pg mL-1) caused a significant decrease in recombinant, plasma, and erythrocyte GST activity.	Nicotine	149-157	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	193-197
22027685-7	2011	In a transgenic model of mutant K-ras-driven lung cancer, nicotine did not increase tumor number or size and did not affect overall survival.	Nicotine	58-66	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	32-37
29671814-3	2018	In this study, we investigated whether varenicline, a partial &amp;alpha;4&amp;beta;2*nAChR agonist which reduces nicotine, alcohol and sucrose consumption, can reduce stress, a driving factor in substance use disorders.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	86-91
29666375-0	2018	Association and cis-mQTL analysis of variants in CHRNA3-A5, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, and CHRNB4 in relation to nicotine dependence in a Chinese Han population.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-66
29666375-0	2018	Association and cis-mQTL analysis of variants in CHRNA3-A5, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, and CHRNB4 in relation to nicotine dependence in a Chinese Han population.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-86
29666375-7	2018	Our results indicated that the SNPs rs1948 and rs7178270 in CHRNB4 and rs3743075 in CHRNA3 were significantly associated with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score (p = 6.6 x 10-5; p = 2.0 x 10-4, and p = 7.0 x 10-4, respectively).	Nicotine	150-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-66
27363062-9	2016	Further, E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased in the nicotine-treated group versus the untreated group.	Nicotine	66-74	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
21740894-8	2011	Most recently, alpha5-containing nAChRs located in the habenulo-interpeduncular tract were shown to limit intravenous nicotine self-administration behavior in rats and mice, suggesting that deficits in alpha5-containing nAChR signaling in the habenulo-interpeduncular tract increases vulnerability to the motivational properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	33-38
27363062-11	2016	CONCLUSION: The increased level of VEGF expression in the nicotine-treated group may have affected endothelial cell apoptosis.	Nicotine	58-66	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
29631619-4	2018	Nicotine"s effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 muM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine"s effect.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2	Rattus norvegicus	243-280
29631619-4	2018	Nicotine"s effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 muM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine"s effect.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2	Rattus norvegicus	282-288
29631619-6	2018	Further in vitro study demonstrated that nicotine enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and activity of calcineurin (CaN) through alpha7-nAChR, increased the nucleic expressions of NFATc2 and the bindings to SOX9 promoter, and thus reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in SOX9 promoter.	Nicotine	41-49	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2	Rattus norvegicus	171-177
26563165-5	2016	In sham rats, the local application of nicotine and edrophonium (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) increases GP neurons spiking rate.	Nicotine	39-47	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	68-88
21740894-8	2011	Most recently, alpha5-containing nAChRs located in the habenulo-interpeduncular tract were shown to limit intravenous nicotine self-administration behavior in rats and mice, suggesting that deficits in alpha5-containing nAChR signaling in the habenulo-interpeduncular tract increases vulnerability to the motivational properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	332-340	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	33-38
26662051-11	2016	Furthermore, chronic nicotine exposure did not alter protein expression of NADPH oxidase but significantly decreased MnSOD and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) in the cerebral cortex and cerebral arteries.	Nicotine	21-29	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial-like	Nicotiana tabacum	117-122
26662051-12	2016	Our findings suggest that nicotine-induced exacerbation in brain damage following transient focal cerebral ischemia may be related to a preexisting oxidative stress via decreasing of MnSOD and UCP-2.	Nicotine	26-34	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial-like	Nicotiana tabacum	183-188
26775017-6	2016	Thus, we examined the effects of mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal on prefrontal and striatal BDNF protein expression.	Nicotine	59-67	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	106-110
29431852-12	2018	Compared to previous work on the OPRM1 A118G SNP, it appears that nicotine-use might be a more salient predictor of naltrexone treatment response.	Nicotine	66-74	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
29054611-8	2018	In contrast, all groups presented a nicotine-evoked nAChR upregulation in the cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	52-57
29615536-3	2018	Moreover, the ovaries of pups injected with nicotine showed increased level of cell oxidative stress and autophagic markers (upregulation of AMPKalpha-1, increased ratio LC3-II/LC3-I, downregulation of AKT and mTOR).	Nicotine	44-52	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	210-214
26775017-9	2016	The striatal/prefrontal BDNF ratios robustly increased following precipitated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	78-86	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	24-28
21740894-10	2011	The aim of the present review is to discuss recent preclinical findings concerning the identity of the nAChR subtypes that regulate self-administration of nicotine and other drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	155-163	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
23472421-8	2011	RESULT: In this study there was evidence that after 5 minutes treatment on un-inflamed mucosa with nicotine at 10 mm concentration GM-CSF release decreased, and also after 24 hours treatment with nicotine at 10mM concentration GM-CSF release increased.	Nicotine	99-107	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	131-137
26386153-8	2016	However, these alpha2*-nAChR-mediated effects were profoundly reduced after early postnatal nicotine exposure, suggesting altered control of CA1 circuits by alpha2*-nAChR-expressing OLM cells.	Nicotine	92-100	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
26472220-0	2016	Nicotine reduces the levels of surfactant proteins A and D via Wnt/beta-catenin and PKC signaling in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-79
26472220-2	2016	We recently showed that in vitro nicotine exposure induces Wnt3a/beta-catenin activation, which is a pathway that has also been implicated in altering levels of SP-A and SP-D.	Nicotine	33-41	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-77
26472220-5	2016	We showed that nicotine activated the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway, and this activation was accompanied by a decrease in SP-A and SP-D expression.	Nicotine	15-23	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	44-56
28660730-0	2018	Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inactivation confers enhanced sensitivity to nicotine-induced dopamine release in the mouse nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	79-87	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	11-26
28660730-0	2018	Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inactivation confers enhanced sensitivity to nicotine-induced dopamine release in the mouse nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	79-87	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	28-32
28660730-3	2018	Previous research has reported that both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of FAAH enhance nicotine-induced conditioned place preference at low doses.	Nicotine	105-113	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	92-96
28660730-4	2018	We conducted a microdialysis study to characterize nicotine-induced changes in DA and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the NAc of FAAH knockout (KO) mice using a conditioned place preference-like paradigm with three nicotine doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.).	Nicotine	51-59	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	124-128
28660730-7	2018	Our data indicated that compared with wild-type mice, genetic deletion of FAAH selectively enhanced the effect of low-dose nicotine on DA release (p &lt; 0.001) and resulted in a strong post-nicotine elevation in DA levels (p &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	123-131	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	74-78
28660730-7	2018	Our data indicated that compared with wild-type mice, genetic deletion of FAAH selectively enhanced the effect of low-dose nicotine on DA release (p &lt; 0.001) and resulted in a strong post-nicotine elevation in DA levels (p &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	191-199	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	74-78
28660730-9	2018	Furthermore, FAAH KO mice displayed a moderate enhancement of the effect of low-dose nicotine on NAc 5-HT release (p &lt; 0.05), with no differences between the genotypes at higher doses.	Nicotine	85-93	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	13-17
28660730-12	2018	These observations in mice suggest that enhanced nicotine-induced NAc DA release might contribute to increased sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of low-dose nicotine following FAAH inhibition, which has been previously reported.	Nicotine	49-57	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	191-195
28660730-12	2018	These observations in mice suggest that enhanced nicotine-induced NAc DA release might contribute to increased sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of low-dose nicotine following FAAH inhibition, which has been previously reported.	Nicotine	172-180	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	191-195
23472421-8	2011	RESULT: In this study there was evidence that after 5 minutes treatment on un-inflamed mucosa with nicotine at 10 mm concentration GM-CSF release decreased, and also after 24 hours treatment with nicotine at 10mM concentration GM-CSF release increased.	Nicotine	99-107	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	227-233
29246838-0	2018	Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, facilitates tyrosine hydroxylase transcription and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA expression to enhance catecholamine synthesis and its nicotine-evoked elevation in PC12D cells.	Nicotine	192-200	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	94-132
26689865-8	2016	Chronic nicotine significantly increased the production of stress neurotransmitters and sonic hedgehog (SHH) while inducing Gli1 protein and decreasing GABA.	Nicotine	8-16	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	104-107
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	44-52	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
23472421-8	2011	RESULT: In this study there was evidence that after 5 minutes treatment on un-inflamed mucosa with nicotine at 10 mm concentration GM-CSF release decreased, and also after 24 hours treatment with nicotine at 10mM concentration GM-CSF release increased.	Nicotine	196-204	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	131-137
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	89-97	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
26689865-11	2016	Our data suggest that nicotine increases the SHH-mediated malignant potential of PCSCs and that GABA prevents these effects.	Nicotine	22-30	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	45-48
27910771-18	2016	PBE also accelerated the metabolic clearance of carbendazim in vivo and so could be applied to the detoxification of xenobiotics such as drugs, pesticides, and nicotine.	Nicotine	160-168	enoyl-Coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-3
26884647-0	2016	Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Mediates Nicotine-Induced Anti-Inflammation in N9 Microglial Cells Exposed to beta Amyloid via Protein Kinase C. BACKGROUND: Reducing beta amyloid- (Abeta-) induced microglial activation is considered to be effective in treating Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Nicotine	34-42	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	12-15
26884647-6	2016	Coadministration of cannabinoid CB2 receptor antagonist or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor partially abolished the nicotine-induced effects.	Nicotine	116-124	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	32-35
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	89-97	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
29246838-12	2018	When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place.	Nicotine	89-97	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
29545933-2	2018	Nicotine acts through cholinergic nicotinic receptors, preferentially alpha7 (CHRNA7) that also binds the endogenous ligand SLURP1 (Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-Related Protein 1).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-76
26884647-7	2016	CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that cannabinoid CB2 receptor mediates nicotine-induced anti-inflammation in microglia exposed to Abeta via PKC.	Nicotine	76-84	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	54-57
29545933-2	2018	Nicotine acts through cholinergic nicotinic receptors, preferentially alpha7 (CHRNA7) that also binds the endogenous ligand SLURP1 (Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-Related Protein 1).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-84
23472421-8	2011	RESULT: In this study there was evidence that after 5 minutes treatment on un-inflamed mucosa with nicotine at 10 mm concentration GM-CSF release decreased, and also after 24 hours treatment with nicotine at 10mM concentration GM-CSF release increased.	Nicotine	196-204	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	227-233
29545933-2	2018	Nicotine acts through cholinergic nicotinic receptors, preferentially alpha7 (CHRNA7) that also binds the endogenous ligand SLURP1 (Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-Related Protein 1).	Nicotine	0-8	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	124-130
26530054-8	2016	We showed that nicotine increased LOVO and SW620 colorectal cancer cell invasion along with enhanced activity and expression of MMP-1, -2 and -9.	Nicotine	15-23	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	128-144
29545933-2	2018	Nicotine acts through cholinergic nicotinic receptors, preferentially alpha7 (CHRNA7) that also binds the endogenous ligand SLURP1 (Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-Related Protein 1).	Nicotine	0-8	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	132-168
21624384-0	2011	Dopamine D1/5 and D2/3 agonists differentially attenuate somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	74-82	solute carrier family 3 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-22
29545933-7	2018	In CHRNA7high COLO357 and PANC-1 cultures, opposing activities of SLURP1 (anti-malignant/CHRNA7-dependent) and nicotine (pro-malignant/CHRNA7-infidel) were exerted without reciprocally interfering with receptor binding or downstream signaling.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	3-9
29545933-9	2018	Thus, SLURP1 might represent an inborn anti-PDAC defense being sensitive to and counteracting nicotine.	Nicotine	94-102	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	6-12
26192545-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Chronic treatment with nicotine is known to increase the alpha4beta2-nAChR sites in brain, to decrease alpha6beta2-nAChR sites and to have minimal effect on alpha3beta4-and alpha7-nAChR populations.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	83-88
26192545-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Chronic treatment with nicotine is known to increase the alpha4beta2-nAChR sites in brain, to decrease alpha6beta2-nAChR sites and to have minimal effect on alpha3beta4-and alpha7-nAChR populations.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	129-134
26192545-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Chronic treatment with nicotine is known to increase the alpha4beta2-nAChR sites in brain, to decrease alpha6beta2-nAChR sites and to have minimal effect on alpha3beta4-and alpha7-nAChR populations.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	187-199
28754351-0	2018	The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is involved in a direct inhibitory effect of nicotine on GnRH release: In vitro studies.	Nicotine	90-98	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	102-106
21828053-7	2011	In contrast, mutations of Tyr-195 in alpha7-nAChR led to decreased activation by nicotine without apparent effects on ACh- or Abeta-induced responses.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	37-49
28082323-0	2018	Second Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Vape Pen Exposure Generalizes as a Smoking Cue.	Nicotine	29-37	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor	Homo sapiens	59-62
25744957-0	2015	Effects of the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Anxiety-Like Behavior Following Nicotine Withdrawal in Mice.	Nicotine	77-85	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	15-19
26588686-10	2015	Immunohistochemical analysis showed BEL decreased nicotine-induced MMP-9, HIF-1alpha, and CD31 tumor tissue expression.	Nicotine	50-58	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	74-84
26327163-3	2015	However, the upregulation of GLAST in cultured rat cortical microglia appears long after (over 18 h) stimulation of the alpha7 nACh receptor with nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
21295078-2	2011	Several lines of evidence have shown that cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-fos have pivotal role in CPP induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	222-230	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-79
26327163-5	2015	Nicotine-induced GLAST mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment, indicating that a protein intermediary, such as a growth factor, is required for GLAST expression.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
26327163-5	2015	Nicotine-induced GLAST mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment, indicating that a protein intermediary, such as a growth factor, is required for GLAST expression.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
26327163-9	2015	Conversely, pretreatment with PD173074, an inhibitor of FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase, significantly prevented the nicotine-induced expression of GLAST mRNA, its protein and (14)C-glutamate uptake.	Nicotine	121-129	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
29275566-0	2017	[Interaction between transcriptional factor E26 transformation specific 1 and peroxiredoxin 1 in nicotine-induced oral precancerous lesion cells].	Nicotine	97-105	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	44-73
29275566-0	2017	[Interaction between transcriptional factor E26 transformation specific 1 and peroxiredoxin 1 in nicotine-induced oral precancerous lesion cells].	Nicotine	97-105	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	78-93
29275566-1	2017	Objective: To investigate the interaction between nuclear transcriptional factor E26 transformation specific 1 (Ets1) and peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) in nicotine-induced oral precancerous lesion cells.	Nicotine	148-156	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	81-110
29275566-1	2017	Objective: To investigate the interaction between nuclear transcriptional factor E26 transformation specific 1 (Ets1) and peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) in nicotine-induced oral precancerous lesion cells.	Nicotine	148-156	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	112-116
29275566-1	2017	Objective: To investigate the interaction between nuclear transcriptional factor E26 transformation specific 1 (Ets1) and peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) in nicotine-induced oral precancerous lesion cells.	Nicotine	148-156	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	122-137
29275566-1	2017	Objective: To investigate the interaction between nuclear transcriptional factor E26 transformation specific 1 (Ets1) and peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) in nicotine-induced oral precancerous lesion cells.	Nicotine	148-156	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
29275566-7	2017	Results: Nicotine increased the expression of Prx1 and Ets1 protein in DOK cells.	Nicotine	9-17	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
29275566-7	2017	Results: Nicotine increased the expression of Prx1 and Ets1 protein in DOK cells.	Nicotine	9-17	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	55-59
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	vimentin	Homo sapiens	200-208
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	276-280
26474621-10	2015	CONCLUSION: P.g-LPS in combination with nicotine could recruit monocytes to endothelial lesion through up-regulation of CCL-8, and promote adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells through enhancement of Vcam-1/VLA4alpha and OX40/OX40L interactions, which could be involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis.	Nicotine	40-48	TNF superfamily member 4	Homo sapiens	231-236
26083654-7	2015	These findings suggest that decreased Sirt1 expression in proximal tubular cells causes abnormal nicotine metabolism and reduces the supply of nicotinamide mononucleotide from renal tubules to glomeruli.	Nicotine	97-105	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	38-43
26442615-10	2015	However, crocin and crocin plus nicotine administration significantly boosted liver weight (49.54%) and decreased the mean diameter of hepatocyte (40.48%), central hepatic vein (15.44%), liver enzymes (ALP 22.02%, AST 19.05%, ALT 23.11%), and nitric oxide levels (35.80%) in all groups compared to nicotine group (percentages represent the maximum dose) (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	32-40	solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	214-217
21295078-2	2011	Several lines of evidence have shown that cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-fos have pivotal role in CPP induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	222-230	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
26442615-10	2015	However, crocin and crocin plus nicotine administration significantly boosted liver weight (49.54%) and decreased the mean diameter of hepatocyte (40.48%), central hepatic vein (15.44%), liver enzymes (ALP 22.02%, AST 19.05%, ALT 23.11%), and nitric oxide levels (35.80%) in all groups compared to nicotine group (percentages represent the maximum dose) (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	32-40	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	226-229
28901402-0	2017	Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule suppresses inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines in nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the heme oxygenase-1 pathway.	Nicotine	93-101	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	178-194
28890319-0	2017	Arctic Abeta40 blocks the nicotine-induced neuroprotective effect of CHRNA7 by inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway in human neuroblastoma cells.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-75
21677839-0	2011	Enhanced proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nicotine-promoted gastric cancer by periostin.	Nicotine	75-83	periostin	Homo sapiens	111-120
28890319-8	2017	Furthermore, Arctic Abeta40 blocked the neuroprotective effect of nicotine by inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway downstream of CHRNA7.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-128
25603899-2	2015	In the last few years, candidate gene (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a huge number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with drug use, abuse or dependence, mainly related to alcohol or nicotine.	Nicotine	236-244	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	39-43
26135009-7	2015	Chemical inhibition of UGT enzymes in HLM demonstrated that nicotine (UGT2B10 inhibitor) but not hecogenin (UGT1A4 inhibitor) completely inhibited the conversion of desloratadine (1 microM) to 3-hydroxydesloratadine in HLM fortified with both NADPH and UDP-glucuronic acid.	Nicotine	60-68	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	70-77
21677839-1	2011	AIM: To investigate the contribution of periostin in nicotine-promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).	Nicotine	53-61	periostin	Homo sapiens	40-49
21677839-7	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine upregulated periostin in gastric cancer cells through a COX-2 dependent pathway, which was blocked by the COX-2-specific inhibitor NS398.	Nicotine	9-17	periostin	Homo sapiens	30-39
29114204-3	2017	Effects of ethanol on specific brain nAChR subtypes within the mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) pathway may be a key element in the comorbidity of ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	155-163	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	37-42
21083424-7	2011	Collectively, these data suggest that activation of alpha7nAChR by nicotine is critical in the regulation of anti-inflammatory process, which could be mediated through HO-1 expression.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	52-63
28733145-8	2017	Our results showed that nicotine dose-dependently induces the apoptosis of HUVECs and adipocytes and is associated with increased IKKbeta and NF-kappaB p65 expression and with IkBalpha degradation.	Nicotine	24-32	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	130-137
26289589-0	2015	Associations between the orexin (hypocretin) receptor 2 gene polymorphism Val308Ile and nicotine dependence in genome-wide and subsequent association studies.	Nicotine	88-96	hypocretin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	25-55
28608236-12	2017	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of GSH, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and Bax, while reducing Bcl-2, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
21083424-8	2011	Thus, we conclude that activation of alpha7nAChR by nicotine provides anti-inflammatory action through HO-1 upregulation.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	37-48
28608236-12	2017	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of GSH, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and Bax, while reducing Bcl-2, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
28608236-13	2017	Nicotine also reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	87-108
28608236-15	2017	Thus, curcumin via activation of P-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, confers neuroprotection against nicotine-induced inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress.	Nicotine	96-104	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
28629854-5	2017	OAT3 activity was further demonstrated to be blocked by some single chemicals present in cigarette smoke such as the heterocyclic amines AalphaC (IC50=11.3muM) and PhIP (IC50=1.9muM), whereas other major cigarette smoke components used at 100muM, like nicotine, the nitrosamine NNK and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo(a)pyrene and phenanthrene, were without effect.	Nicotine	252-260	solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
25616906-10	2015	A alpha7nAChR antagonist abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine and suppressed STAT3 activity.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	8-13
25616906-11	2015	In conclusion, nicotine has an anti-inflammatory effect on RA by downregulating production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in FLSs, and this is mediated through activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signal pathway.	Nicotine	15-23	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	165-169
25754762-4	2015	The effects of FAAH inhibition on nicotine self-administration and nicotine priming-induced reinstatement were reversed by the PPAR-alpha antagonist, MK886.	Nicotine	34-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	127-137
25754762-4	2015	The effects of FAAH inhibition on nicotine self-administration and nicotine priming-induced reinstatement were reversed by the PPAR-alpha antagonist, MK886.	Nicotine	67-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	127-137
26041923-7	2015	Together, these data indicate that functional upregulation of alpha4* nAChRs in VTA GABAergic neurons confers increased sensitivity to nicotine reward and points to nAChR subtypes specifically expressed in GABAergic VTA neurons as molecular targets for smoking cessation therapeutics.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	70-75
21420997-6	2011	In the nicotine-treated groups, the levels of phosphorylated CREB and ERK2 in the PFC were increased in HIV-1Tg rats, but decreased in F344 animals.	Nicotine	7-15	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
25630571-0	2015	Nicotine Increases Codeine Analgesia Through the Induction of Brain CYP2D and Central Activation of Codeine to Morphine.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	68-73
25630571-3	2015	Human CYP2D is higher in the brains, but not in the livers, of smokers and 7-day nicotine treatment induces rat brain, but not hepatic, CYP2D.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	6-11
29018331-7	2017	Nicotine exposure is protective against directly-induced EAE in WT or alpha7/alpha9 DKO animals relative to effects seen in WT/vehicle-treated mice, but, remarkably, EAE is exacerbated in vehicle-treated alpha7/alpha9 DKO mice.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	70-76
29018331-7	2017	Nicotine exposure is protective against directly-induced EAE in WT or alpha7/alpha9 DKO animals relative to effects seen in WT/vehicle-treated mice, but, remarkably, EAE is exacerbated in vehicle-treated alpha7/alpha9 DKO mice.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	204-210
28551099-6	2017	In the in vivo study, alpha7-nAChR knockout (alpha7-KO) reversed the beneficial effects of nicotine on motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss, astrocyte and microglia activation, and reduced striatal dopamine release induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	22-34
25630571-3	2015	Human CYP2D is higher in the brains, but not in the livers, of smokers and 7-day nicotine treatment induces rat brain, but not hepatic, CYP2D.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	136-141
21420997-8	2011	These results demonstrate that HIV-1 viral proteins produce differences in basal and nicotine-induced alterations in CREB and ERK signaling that may contribute to the alteration in psychomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	85-93	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
28551099-7	2017	Injury to SH-SY5Y cells by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium treatment was also ameliorated by nicotine, and this effect was abolished by methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective alpha7-nAChR antagonist, or by siRNA-mediated alpha7-nAChR knockdown.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	170-182
21420997-9	2011	Thus, HIV-1 positive smokers are possibly more vulnerable to alterations in CREB and ERK signaling and this has implications for motivated behavior, including tobacco smoking, in HIV-1 positive individuals who self-administer nicotine.	Nicotine	226-234	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
25630571-4	2015	The role of nicotine-induced rat brain CYP2D in the central metabolic activation of peripherally administered codeine and resulting analgesia was investigated.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	39-44
25630571-9	2015	Here we show that brain CYP2D alters drug response despite the presence of substantial first-pass metabolism of codeine and further that nicotine induction of brain CYP2D increases codeine response in vivo.	Nicotine	137-145	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	165-170
21576194-0	2011	Tobacco MYC2 regulates jasmonate-inducible nicotine biosynthesis genes directly and by way of the NIC2-locus ERF genes.	Nicotine	43-51	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-12
21576194-2	2011	Jasmonate-inducible nicotine formation in Nicotiana plants has been shown to be suppressed by tobacco JAZ proteins, and be regulated by both MYC2-related and NIC2-locus ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors.	Nicotine	20-28	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	141-145
29137427-0	2017	Association of opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	80-88	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	15-35
29137427-0	2017	Association of opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	80-88	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
21576194-3	2011	We here show that tobacco MYC2 (NtMYC2) recognizes the G-box sequences, 5"-CAC(G/A)T(G/T)-3", found in the proximal promoter regions of several nicotine biosynthesis genes, including Putrescine N-Methyltransferase 2 (PMT2) and Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase 2 (QPT2).	Nicotine	144-152	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
29137427-1	2017	Background and Object: Whether opioid-receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) is associated with nicotine dependence is controversial.	Nicotine	110-118	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	31-51
21781517-0	2011	[Interaction of protein kinase C-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signal pathway in the process of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression induced by nicotine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells].	Nicotine	164-172	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	108-141
29137427-1	2017	Background and Object: Whether opioid-receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) is associated with nicotine dependence is controversial.	Nicotine	110-118	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
27126842-4	2017	We found similar reduced social recognition, increased motor stereotypies and increased anxiety with relevant c-fos response alterations in morphine, nicotine, THC and alcohol abstinent mice.	Nicotine	150-158	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	110-115
25239964-10	2015	Myeloperoxidase levels were increased in lung, liver and colon tissues of smoke exposed group (p &lt; .05-.001) and liver and colon tissues of nicotine applied rats (p &lt; .01-.001) and decrease with exercise in liver and colon tissues of both smoke exposed or nicotine applied groups (p &lt; .05-.01).	Nicotine	143-151	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
25239964-10	2015	Myeloperoxidase levels were increased in lung, liver and colon tissues of smoke exposed group (p &lt; .05-.001) and liver and colon tissues of nicotine applied rats (p &lt; .01-.001) and decrease with exercise in liver and colon tissues of both smoke exposed or nicotine applied groups (p &lt; .05-.01).	Nicotine	262-270	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
25757953-0	2015	Sirt3-MnSOD axis represses nicotine-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and mtDNA damage in osteoblasts.	Nicotine	27-35	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial-like	Nicotiana tabacum	6-11
25757953-5	2015	The activity of MnSOD, one of the mitochondrial anti-oxidative enzymes, was significantly reduced by nicotine due to the reduced level of Sirt3.	Nicotine	101-109	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial-like	Nicotiana tabacum	16-21
25757953-7	2015	Finally, Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP, a MnSOD mimetic) was found to markedly reduce the effect of nicotine on osteoblasts.	Nicotine	121-129	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial-like	Nicotiana tabacum	63-68
25757953-8	2015	In summary, Sirt3-MnSOD axis was identified as a negative component in nicotine-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and mtDNA damage, and MnTBAP may serve as a potential therapeutic drug for osteoporosis.	Nicotine	71-79	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial-like	Nicotiana tabacum	18-23
29088845-0	2017	Nicotine suppresses apoptosis by regulating alpha7nAChR/Prx1 axis in oral precancerous lesions.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	44-55
29088845-0	2017	Nicotine suppresses apoptosis by regulating alpha7nAChR/Prx1 axis in oral precancerous lesions.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	56-60
25430056-3	2015	Although nicotine, a major component in tobacco smoke, participates in psychological and/or physical dependence, it has not yet been clarified how nicotine alters IP3 R-1 expression.	Nicotine	147-155	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	163-170
21781517-2	2011	METHODS: HUVECs were cultured to examine the effect of nicotine on the expression of secreting PAI-1 in HUVECs on different experimental conditions.	Nicotine	55-63	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
25430056-4	2015	The present study, therefore, seeks to clarify the mechanism bgy which nicotine modifies IP3 R-1 expression by using mouse cerebral cortical neurons in primary culture.	Nicotine	71-79	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	89-96
29088845-1	2017	Nicotine, a tumor promoter in tobacco, can increase Peroxiredoxin (Prx1) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).	Nicotine	0-8	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	67-71
21781517-4	2011	PKC inhibitor staurosporine (STS) and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 were used to detect PKC or ERK1/2 function on the expression of PAI-1 in HUVECs induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	154-162	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
25430056-5	2015	Nicotine induced dose- and time-dependent upregulation of IP3 R-1 protein following its mRNA increase, and the latter was significantly suppressed by a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) antagonist, mecamylamine.	Nicotine	0-8	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	58-65
21781517-6	2011	RESULTS: The expression level of PAI-1 protein in 100 micromol/L nicotine treated group [(22.6 +- 1.1) microg/L] increased significantly compared to the control group [(14.2 +- 2.8) microg/L; q = 5.64, P &lt; 0.05].	Nicotine	65-73	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
25430056-5	2015	Nicotine induced dose- and time-dependent upregulation of IP3 R-1 protein following its mRNA increase, and the latter was significantly suppressed by a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) antagonist, mecamylamine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	165-198
25430056-5	2015	Nicotine induced dose- and time-dependent upregulation of IP3 R-1 protein following its mRNA increase, and the latter was significantly suppressed by a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) antagonist, mecamylamine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	200-205
28625985-3	2017	Here, we report that the molybdenum-containing nicotine dehydrogenase (NdhAB), which catalyzes the initial step of nicotine degradation, is located in the periplasm of strain S33, while the 6-hydroxynicotine oxidase and 6-hydroxypseudooxynicoine oxidase are in the cytoplasm.	Nicotine	47-55	hydroxyacid dehydrogenase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	56-69
21781517-7	2011	After stimulation with 100 micromol/L nicotine for 0, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h, the levels of PAI-1 protein increased over time and reached the peak at 12 h (F = 32.063, P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	38-46	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	126-134	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	301-304
28625985-13	2017	Bacteria usually decompose nicotine using the classical strategy of hydroxylating the pyridine ring with the help of activated oxygen by nicotine dehydrogenase, which binds one molybdopterin, two [2Fe2S] clusters, and usually one flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as well.	Nicotine	27-35	hydroxyacid dehydrogenase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	146-159
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	162-170	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	301-304
21781517-9	2011	In nicotine and PD98059 treated group, the PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression [(1.12 +- 0.11), (17.52 +- 1.72) microg/L] decreased significantly compared to the nicotine treated group(q = 4.68, 5.54, all P &lt; 0.05), still higher than the control group (q = 8.77, 6.43, all P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	3-11	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	153-161	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
21316381-2	2011	The present study was designed to examine the effects of water- or lipid-soluble (DMSO-soluble) snus and nicotine, the most important substance in tobacco, on the expression of vasocontractile G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), such as endothelin ET(B), serotonin 5-HT(1B), and thromboxane A(2) TP receptors, in rat cerebral arteries.	Nicotine	105-113	relaxin family peptide receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	222-226
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	153-161	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	241-252
25661292-9	2015	The nicotine-induced alterations in DNA methylation modulators DNMT1 and MeCP2, PPARgamma promoter methylation, and its down-stream targets, were also validated in perinatally nicotine exposed rat lung tissue.	Nicotine	4-12	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
25661292-9	2015	The nicotine-induced alterations in DNA methylation modulators DNMT1 and MeCP2, PPARgamma promoter methylation, and its down-stream targets, were also validated in perinatally nicotine exposed rat lung tissue.	Nicotine	176-184	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
25484253-2	2015	We tested the hypothesis that nAChRs containing alpha6 subunits (alpha6* nAChRs) are involved in the response to nicotine + ethanol co-exposure.	Nicotine	113-121	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	65-72
25484253-11	2015	Together, these data identify alpha6* nAChRs as important players in the response to nicotine + ethanol co-exposure in VTA neurons.	Nicotine	85-93	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	30-37
25273375-0	2015	NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and smoking motives as intermediate phenotypes for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
25273375-0	2015	NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and smoking motives as intermediate phenotypes for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
25273375-8	2015	RESULTS: NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region loci and haplotypes were significantly associated with the motive of Automaticity and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	234-242	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
27405470-14	2017	Moreover, nicotine enhanced the expression of synaptic and Notch1 proteins in stressed animals.	Nicotine	10-18	notch 1	Mus musculus	59-65
27405470-15	2017	The results suggest that nicotine ameliorates the depression-like symptoms and improves the hippocampal synaptic plasticity closely associated with activating transmembrane ion channel receptors and Notch signaling components.	Nicotine	25-33	notch 1	Mus musculus	199-204
28759616-9	2017	These results reveal that attenuation of alpha4* nAChR function in reward-related brain circuitry of adult animals may increase nicotine intake by enhancing the rewarding effects and/or reducing the aversive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	41-54
28759616-9	2017	These results reveal that attenuation of alpha4* nAChR function in reward-related brain circuitry of adult animals may increase nicotine intake by enhancing the rewarding effects and/or reducing the aversive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	219-227	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	41-54
28959665-3	2017	Myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and total oxidative status of the lung in nicotine-treated rats were increased significantly, which were brought down to normal in resveratrol co-treated group.	Nicotine	110-118	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
28498560-6	2017	These effects phenocopy those observed after dopamine receptor antagonism, but are not additive, suggesting that alpha5 nAChR subunits act in the same pathway as dopamine and are critical for the experience of nicotine"s aversive, but not rewarding motivational effects in both a nondependent and nicotine-dependent and -withdrawn motivational state.	Nicotine	210-218	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	120-125
28498560-6	2017	These effects phenocopy those observed after dopamine receptor antagonism, but are not additive, suggesting that alpha5 nAChR subunits act in the same pathway as dopamine and are critical for the experience of nicotine"s aversive, but not rewarding motivational effects in both a nondependent and nicotine-dependent and -withdrawn motivational state.	Nicotine	297-305	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	120-125
25560939-0	2015	Differential expression of the beta4 neuronal nicotinic receptor subunit affects tolerance development and nicotinic binding sites following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	149-157	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	31-36
25560939-4	2015	beta4(--) mice developed significantly more tolerance than either beta4(++) or beta4(+-) mice which was most evident following treatment with 4.0mg/kg/h nicotine.	Nicotine	153-161	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	0-5
25560939-4	2015	beta4(--) mice developed significantly more tolerance than either beta4(++) or beta4(+-) mice which was most evident following treatment with 4.0mg/kg/h nicotine.	Nicotine	153-161	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	66-71
28541827-8	2017	It seems that there is a different contribution of the basolateral amygdala, the medial prefrontal cortex or the CA1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in stress-induced potentiation of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	185-193	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
25560939-4	2015	beta4(--) mice developed significantly more tolerance than either beta4(++) or beta4(+-) mice which was most evident following treatment with 4.0mg/kg/h nicotine.	Nicotine	153-161	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	66-71
21316381-7	2011	A high dose (250ng nicotine/ml) was also included due to the previous results showing alteration in the GPCR expression by nicotine at this concentration.	Nicotine	123-131	relaxin family peptide receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
26351626-1	2015	Our previous studies showed that alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) agonist nicotine has stimulatory effects on murine bone marrow-derived semimature DCs, but the effect of nicotine on peripheral blood mononuclear cell- (PBMC-) derived human semimature dendritic cells (hu-imDCs) is still to be clarified.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-79
21316381-15	2011	Thus, snus and nicotine alter the GPCR expression in the cerebral arteries, which may be involved in cerebral vascular disease.	Nicotine	15-23	relaxin family peptide receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
26351626-1	2015	Our previous studies showed that alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) agonist nicotine has stimulatory effects on murine bone marrow-derived semimature DCs, but the effect of nicotine on peripheral blood mononuclear cell- (PBMC-) derived human semimature dendritic cells (hu-imDCs) is still to be clarified.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-79
21268243-7	2011	We focused on eight SNPs in the 15q24 region, which contains the genes for the nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4, and has previously been implicated in nicotine addiction and smoking cessation.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-145
26278412-8	2015	Rats born to prenatal and postnatal nicotine-treated dams showed significantly higher alpha-SMA expression and total collagen than those born to prenatal saline- and nicotine-treated dams on postnatal day 21.	Nicotine	36-44	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
28617431-7	2017	Nicotine raised the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a protective factor that binds the apoptotic-inducing factor (AIF) whose nuclear translocation is a cause of cell death.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	34-55
28617431-7	2017	Nicotine raised the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a protective factor that binds the apoptotic-inducing factor (AIF) whose nuclear translocation is a cause of cell death.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
28433649-7	2017	STZ did not precipitate neuronal death, while Nic alone was associated with higher neuronal density in CA1 when compared to vehicle-injected animals.	Nicotine	46-49	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
25493427-5	2014	Interestingly, we showed that in smokers MOR availability in bilateral superior temporal cortices during the placebo condition was negatively correlated with scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	192-200	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
25402857-3	2014	We provide further evidence in rodents that chronic nicotine exposure upregulates Crh mRNA (encoding CRF) in dopaminergic neurons of the posterior VTA, activates local CRF1 receptors and blocks nicotine-induced activation of transient GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons.	Nicotine	52-60	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	82-85
25402857-3	2014	We provide further evidence in rodents that chronic nicotine exposure upregulates Crh mRNA (encoding CRF) in dopaminergic neurons of the posterior VTA, activates local CRF1 receptors and blocks nicotine-induced activation of transient GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons.	Nicotine	194-202	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	82-85
25402857-4	2014	Local downregulation of Crh mRNA and specific pharmacological blockade of CRF1 receptors in the VTA reversed the effect of nicotine on GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons, prevented the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal and limited the escalation of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	123-131	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	24-27
28222901-6	2017	In the present review, we analyze reports studying the role of Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), the principle neuroendocrine mediator of the stress response and its two receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in the withdrawal phase as well as in the abstinence from nicotine use.	Nicotine	258-266	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	63-93
20801430-3	2011	Here, we evaluated whether directly acting PPAR-alpha agonists can modulate reward-related effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
29100274-0	2017	Nicotine induces EP4 receptor expression in lung carcinoma cells by acting on AP-2alpha: The intersection between cholinergic and prostanoid signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
29100274-3	2017	We evaluated whether nicotine increased EP4 receptor expression in lung carcinoma cells by activating on AP-2alpha.	Nicotine	21-29	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	40-43
20801430-5	2011	RESULTS: The PPAR-alpha agonists dose-dependently decreased nicotine self-administration and nicotine-induced reinstatement in rats and monkeys but did not alter food- or cocaine-reinforced operant behavior or the interoceptive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	60-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
29100274-6	2017	It indicates that nicotine increases EP4 expression through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent activations of PI3-K, JNK and PKC pathways that leads to reduction of AP-2alpha-DNA binding.	Nicotine	18-26	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
20801430-5	2011	RESULTS: The PPAR-alpha agonists dose-dependently decreased nicotine self-administration and nicotine-induced reinstatement in rats and monkeys but did not alter food- or cocaine-reinforced operant behavior or the interoceptive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
24800895-11	2014	Differential substitution for the nicotine discriminative stimulus is consistent with differences in alpha4beta2 nAChR efficacy; however, collectively the current results suggest that multiple nAChR receptor subtypes mediate the effects of the agonists.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	113-118
20801430-5	2011	RESULTS: The PPAR-alpha agonists dose-dependently decreased nicotine self-administration and nicotine-induced reinstatement in rats and monkeys but did not alter food- or cocaine-reinforced operant behavior or the interoceptive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
25258409-6	2014	Nicotine and a selective agonist of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7-nAChR) reduced the severity of DSS-induced acute colonic inflammation.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-79
25258409-6	2014	Nicotine and a selective agonist of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7-nAChR) reduced the severity of DSS-induced acute colonic inflammation.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-93
20801430-6	2011	The PPAR-alpha agonists also dose-dependently decreased nicotine-induced excitation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and nicotine-induced elevations of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell of rats.	Nicotine	56-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
28507032-1	2017	The absence of alpha2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in oriens lacunosum moleculare (OLM) GABAergic interneurons ablate the facilitation of nicotine-induced hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and impair memory.	Nicotine	153-161	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	182-185
28507032-9	2017	Our results demonstrated that alpha2* nAChRs influenced hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, as well as nicotine-facilitated CA1 hippocampal synaptic plasticity.	Nicotine	110-118	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	131-134
25258409-7	2014	In addition, the suppressive effect of nicotine on acute colitis was attenuated by an antagonist of alpha7-nAChR.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	100-112
20801430-6	2011	The PPAR-alpha agonists also dose-dependently decreased nicotine-induced excitation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and nicotine-induced elevations of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell of rats.	Nicotine	138-146	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
25396421-11	2014	Because nicotine is a alpha7nAchR agonist and methyllycaconitine is a alpha7nAchR antagonist, we conclude that alpha7nAchR activation increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, reduces the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and, ultimately, alleviates viral myocarditis.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	22-33
20801430-7	2011	The ability of WY14643 and methOEA to counteract the behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical effects of nicotine was reversed by the PPAR-alpha antagonist 1-[(4-Chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio]-a,a-dimethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1H-Indole-2-propanoic acid (MK886).	Nicotine	116-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
25295465-8	2014	Interestingly, renalase promoter activity was augmented by nicotine and catecholamines; while Sp1 and STAT3 synergistically activated the nicotine-induced effect, Sp1 appeared to enhance epinephrine-evoked renalase transcription.	Nicotine	59-67	renalase, FAD dependent amine oxidase	Homo sapiens	15-23
28315314-4	2017	The predominant subunit responsible for nicotine-mediated proliferation in normal and cancer cells, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7-nAChR), was more highly expressed in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines compared with normal human cholangiocytes.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	145-157
28315314-5	2017	Nicotine also stimulated the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and promoted alpha7-nAChR-dependent activation of proliferation and phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase in Mz-ChA-1 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	89-101
28315314-6	2017	In addition, nicotine and PNU282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) accelerated the growth of the cholangiocarcinoma tumors in our xenograft mouse model and increased fibrosis, proliferation of the tumor cells, and phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase activation.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	37-49
28315314-8	2017	Taken together, results of this study suggest that nicotine acts through alpha7-nAChR and plays a novel role in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	73-85
28257922-11	2017	In addition, the production of ROS and the resulting oxidative stress resulted in increased expression of apoptosis related genes p53 and cas3.Collectively, our result suggests that nicotine has the potential to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress and apoptosis in DrG cell line and zebrafish.	Nicotine	182-190	tumor protein p53	Danio rerio	130-133
28521453-0	2017	Nicotine may promote tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin and Wnt/PCP signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-98
25295465-8	2014	Interestingly, renalase promoter activity was augmented by nicotine and catecholamines; while Sp1 and STAT3 synergistically activated the nicotine-induced effect, Sp1 appeared to enhance epinephrine-evoked renalase transcription.	Nicotine	138-146	renalase, FAD dependent amine oxidase	Homo sapiens	15-23
25233931-2	2014	We report here on the proportion of nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6-catalyzed C-oxidation, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 2B10 (UGT2B10)-catalyzed N-glucuronidation and flavin monooxygenase 3-catalyzed N-oxidation in five ethnic/racial groups and the role of UGT2B10 genotype on the metabolic patterns observed.	Nicotine	36-44	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	137-144
25233931-2	2014	We report here on the proportion of nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6-catalyzed C-oxidation, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 2B10 (UGT2B10)-catalyzed N-glucuronidation and flavin monooxygenase 3-catalyzed N-oxidation in five ethnic/racial groups and the role of UGT2B10 genotype on the metabolic patterns observed.	Nicotine	36-44	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	268-275
25233931-5	2014	The relationship of UGT2B10 genotype to nicotine metabolic pathways was determined for each group; geometric means were computed and adjusted for age, sex, creatinine, and body mass index.	Nicotine	40-48	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	20-27
28521453-4	2017	Nicotine stimulation can promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells in vitro, downregulate E-cadherin, and activate the Wnt/beta-catenin and Wnt/PCP pathways, which could be antagonized by the alpha7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) inhibitor alpha-BTX.	Nicotine	0-8	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-154
28521453-6	2017	Our results suggest nicotine may promote tongue squamous carcinoma cells progression by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin and Wnt/PCP signaling pathways and may play a significant role in the progression and metastasis of smoking-related TSCC.	Nicotine	20-28	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	107-119
21228066-2	2011	Nicotine-induced up-regulation of alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cell cultures results from increased assembly and/or decreased degradation of nAChRs, leading to increased nAChR protein levels.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-86
28638710-10	2017	CONCLUSION: This study suggests that changes in DREAM protein expression in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions of rat"s hippocampus and mean relative level of DREAM protein may involve in the mechanism of nicotine treatment-prevented REM sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Nicotine	200-208	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
25262078-8	2014	RESULTS: The GMs of airborne nicotine were 0.74 mug/m(3) (GSD=4.05) in the smokers" homes, 0.13 mug/m(3) (GSD=2.4) in the e-cigarettes users" homes, and 0.02 mug/m(3) (GSD=3.51) in the control homes.	Nicotine	29-37	1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
25127677-0	2014	Nicotine promotes initiation and progression of KRAS-induced pancreatic cancer via Gata6-dependent dedifferentiation of acinar cells in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	48-52
25127677-7	2014	RESULTS: Administration of nicotine accelerated transformation of pancreatic cells and tumor formation in Ela-KRAS and KPC mice.	Nicotine	27-35	apelin receptor early endogenous ligand	Mus musculus	106-109
25127677-7	2014	RESULTS: Administration of nicotine accelerated transformation of pancreatic cells and tumor formation in Ela-KRAS and KPC mice.	Nicotine	27-35	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	110-114
25127677-8	2014	Nicotine induced dedifferentiation of acinar cells by activating AKT-ERK-MYC signaling; this led to inhibition of Gata6 promoter activity, loss of GATA6 protein, and subsequent loss of acinar differentiation and hyperactivation of oncogenic KRAS.	Nicotine	0-8	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	241-245
28349965-6	2017	Administration of nicotine, an alpha7nAchR ligand, to wild-type mice increased serum RANKL levels.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	31-42
28349965-6	2017	Administration of nicotine, an alpha7nAchR ligand, to wild-type mice increased serum RANKL levels.	Nicotine	18-26	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	85-90
21228066-11	2011	Thus, increases in alpha4beta2*-nAChR binding sites after chronic nicotine treatment reflect increased nAChR protein.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
28350399-0	2017	Repeated administration of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor attenuates nicotine taking in rats and smoking behavior in human smokers.	Nicotine	72-80	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	30-50
21228066-11	2011	Thus, increases in alpha4beta2*-nAChR binding sites after chronic nicotine treatment reflect increased nAChR protein.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
21556275-7	2011	Nine of these pathways were shared with those enriched in the genes regulated by nicotine, including neuronal function-related pathways such as glucocorticoid receptor signaling, p38 MAPK signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, and PTEN signaling, implying that nAChRs play important roles in the regulation of these biological processes.	Nicotine	81-89	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	223-227
28246328-3	2017	SV2C is emerging as a potentially relevant protein in Parkinson disease (PD), because it is a genetic modifier of sensitivity to l-DOPA and of nicotine neuroprotection in PD.	Nicotine	143-151	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2c	Mus musculus	0-4
28246328-5	2017	Genetic deletion of SV2C leads to reduced dopamine release in the dorsal striatum as measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, reduced striatal dopamine content, disrupted alpha-synuclein expression, deficits in motor function, and alterations in neurochemical effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	272-280	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2c	Mus musculus	20-24
25028511-8	2014	EC50 values for nicotine acting at malpha6mbeta4*-nAChR were unaffected by beta3 subunit residue substitutions in loop C or E. Thus, amino acid residues located in primary (loop C) or complementary (loops beta2-beta3 and E) interfaces of beta3 subunits are some of the molecular impediments for functional expression of malpha6mbeta2beta3- or malpha6mbeta4beta3-nAChRs.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	50-55
24906187-9	2014	Among these 10, the most noteworthy are FRMD4A, ATP9A, GALNT2, and MEG3, implicated in processes related to nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and placental and embryonic development.	Nicotine	108-116	FERM domain containing 4A	Homo sapiens	40-46
24906187-9	2014	Among these 10, the most noteworthy are FRMD4A, ATP9A, GALNT2, and MEG3, implicated in processes related to nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and placental and embryonic development.	Nicotine	108-116	ATPase phospholipid transporting 9A (putative)	Homo sapiens	48-53
24906187-9	2014	Among these 10, the most noteworthy are FRMD4A, ATP9A, GALNT2, and MEG3, implicated in processes related to nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and placental and embryonic development.	Nicotine	108-116	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	67-71
25651617-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) regulates various cellular functions acting on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	66-98
25651617-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) regulates various cellular functions acting on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	100-105
25651617-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) regulates various cellular functions acting on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	66-98
25651617-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) regulates various cellular functions acting on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	100-105
25651617-7	2014	Moreover, NIC-induced antinociception was antagonized by both alpha 4 beta 2 and alpha 7 nAChR antagonists, while NIC-induced HPA axis activation was antagonized by alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR antagonist, but not by alpha 7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-94
25651617-7	2014	Moreover, NIC-induced antinociception was antagonized by both alpha 4 beta 2 and alpha 7 nAChR antagonists, while NIC-induced HPA axis activation was antagonized by alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR antagonist, but not by alpha 7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	89-94
28256644-5	2017	This is possible because the nicotine concentration in the e-liquids (&lt;=24 mg mL-1) is of several orders of magnitude above the working range of the SERS measurement.	Nicotine	29-37	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	81-85
27053349-2	2017	In addition, several lines of study have indicated that cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and c-fos have important role in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	240-248	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-93
27053349-2	2017	In addition, several lines of study have indicated that cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and c-fos have important role in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	240-248	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
25128927-10	2014	In splenic tissues, nicotine significantly decreases the protein levels and the mRNA expression of P53 and increases the protein levels of Bcl2 and its expression.	Nicotine	20-28	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
25128927-12	2014	C. to nicotine-treated rats completely reversed the decrease in P53 levels and its mRNA expression and the increase in Bcl2 levels and its mRNA expression to the control values.	Nicotine	6-14	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
21143250-0	2011	The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 subtype in the functional interaction between nicotine and ethanol in mouse cerebellum.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	12-44
25046735-7	2014	This nicotine effect was mediated by the activation of non-alpha7 nAChR subtypes, which were not activated by ACh released during LTD-inducing stimulation, and requires the presence of endogenous ACh-induced alpha7 nAChR activation.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	208-214
25046735-7	2014	This nicotine effect was mediated by the activation of non-alpha7 nAChR subtypes, which were not activated by ACh released during LTD-inducing stimulation, and requires the presence of endogenous ACh-induced alpha7 nAChR activation.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	215-220
28112735-6	2017	Two-photon calcium imaging in awake mouse models showed that nicotine can differentially influence PFC pyramidal cell activity by nAChR modulation of layer II/III hierarchical inhibitory circuits.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	130-135
28082123-6	2017	The nicotine suppressed expressions of Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78/Bip) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) induced by MPP+.	Nicotine	4-12	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	83-107
28082123-6	2017	The nicotine suppressed expressions of Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78/Bip) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) induced by MPP+.	Nicotine	4-12	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
28082123-8	2017	Consistently, pretreatment with nicotine ameliorated the motor ability, restored the declines of Trx-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and suppressed the expressions of Bip and CHOP induced by 1-Methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice.	Nicotine	32-40	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	176-180
24755145-14	2014	Activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with nicotine can inhibit Th17 cell responses and may improve the Th1/Th2 imbalance in CIA, providing a new justification for its application in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	Nicotine	58-66	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	123-126
21143250-0	2011	The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 subtype in the functional interaction between nicotine and ethanol in mouse cerebellum.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	46-51
21143250-4	2011	The intracerebellar (ICB) administration of nicotine significantly attenuates ethanol ataxia through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha(4)beta(2) subtype.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	101-133
21143250-4	2011	The intracerebellar (ICB) administration of nicotine significantly attenuates ethanol ataxia through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha(4)beta(2) subtype.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	135-140
28028600-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that alpha4beta2* nAChRs differentially mediate the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine and varenicline, and suggest that varenicline has substantial non-alpha4beta2 nAChR activity.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	53-58
28474065-9	2017	Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuated the effects of nicotine on proliferation, migration and Akt/eNOS signaling.	Nicotine	42-50	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	12-15
24986733-11	2014	In the initial dataset, two SNPs, rs6570989 and rs2930357, located in genes GRIK2 and CSMD1, are found to be significantly associated with the progression of nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	158-166	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
24986733-11	2014	In the initial dataset, two SNPs, rs6570989 and rs2930357, located in genes GRIK2 and CSMD1, are found to be significantly associated with the progression of nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	158-166	CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
24811002-0	2014	Antimuscle atrophy effect of nicotine targets muscle satellite cells partly through an alpha7 nicotinic receptor in a murine hindlimb ischemia model.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	87-112
24811002-6	2014	Such effects of nicotine were attenuated in alpha7 nicotinic receptor knockout mice.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	44-69
24756761-4	2014	In present study, we were going to identify the role of nicotine-induced miR-21 in the EMT of esophageal cells.	Nicotine	56-64	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	73-79
24756761-5	2014	We found that there was an overexpression of miR-21 in esophageal specimens, having an association with cigarette smoking, and the upregulation of miR-21 was also induced by nicotine in esophageal carcinoma cell line, EC9706.	Nicotine	174-182	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	45-51
24756761-5	2014	We found that there was an overexpression of miR-21 in esophageal specimens, having an association with cigarette smoking, and the upregulation of miR-21 was also induced by nicotine in esophageal carcinoma cell line, EC9706.	Nicotine	174-182	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	147-153
24756761-6	2014	Moreover, the upregulated miR-21 by nicotine promoted EMT transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) dependently.	Nicotine	36-44	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	26-32
28474065-10	2017	Tricirbine and L-NAME could reduce the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 toward nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	73-76
28474065-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Ginsenoside Rg1 regulates the proliferation and migration of HPDLCs under nicotine stress via Akt/eNOS signaling.	Nicotine	87-95	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	25-28
28074940-2	2017	Here, we hypothesized that Glycoprotein 120 (gp120), methamphetamine (METH) and nicotine (NT) can enhance amyloid-beta (Abeta) accumulation in BMEC through Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR).	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	197-209
28074940-2	2017	Here, we hypothesized that Glycoprotein 120 (gp120), methamphetamine (METH) and nicotine (NT) can enhance amyloid-beta (Abeta) accumulation in BMEC through Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR).	Nicotine	90-92	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	197-209
27793780-5	2017	The action of nicotine was blocked by 1muM dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE; specific for alpha4* nAChRs), but not 10nM methyllycaconitine (MLA; specific for alpha7* nAChRs).	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	160-166
29348704-9	2017	Treatment with alpha7-nAChR agonist inhibits nicotine-induced upregulation of MMP and inflammatory cytokines through modulating ERK1/2/AP-1 signaling in RAW264.7 cells and AP-1 in MOVAS cells, providing a new therapeutic for abdominal aortic aneurysm.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	15-27
21143250-14	2011	Overall, the results demonstrate the role of cerebellar nAChR alpha(7) subtype in nicotine-induced attenuation of ethanol-induced ataxia in cerebellar NO(x)-sensitive manner.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-61
21239433-8	2011	These data suggest that alpha7nAChR is important in mediating the antiinflammatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	24-35
27920412-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Exposure to nicotine via tobacco smoking may influence leptin release and decrease food intake among smokers.	Nicotine	24-32	leptin	Homo sapiens	67-73
27920412-3	2016	OBJECTIVE: We aimed to measure leptin and calorie intake among different nicotine dependent groups.	Nicotine	73-81	leptin	Homo sapiens	31-37
27920412-11	2016	RESULTS: In 107 Malay male smokers leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	86-94	leptin	Homo sapiens	35-41
24486711-1	2014	Previous studies from our laboratory showed that anxiety-related responses induced by nicotine (NIC), measured by the elevated plus maze, were abolished by 2-OH-saclofen (GABAB receptor antagonist) (1 mg/kg; ip) or the lack of GABAB receptors (GABAB1 knockout mice).	Nicotine	86-94	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1	Mus musculus	244-250
24486711-6	2014	In addition, 2-OH-saclofen pretreatment (1 mg/kg, ip) or the lack of GABAB receptors prevented the c-Fos alterations induced by NIC (p &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	128-131	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	99-104
27920412-14	2016	CONCLUSION: Leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence, but leptin concentration and total calorie intake status were not significantly different among our different nicotine dependency subjects.	Nicotine	63-71	leptin	Homo sapiens	12-18
21378373-0	2011	Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine disrupts postnatal lung development in rats: role of VEGF and its receptors.	Nicotine	31-39	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
27624431-0	2016	An association between the PPARalpha-L162V polymorphism and nicotine dependency among patients with schizophrenia.	Nicotine	60-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	27-36
24582613-0	2014	Modulation of HCN channels in lateral septum by nicotine.	Nicotine	48-56	cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
21378373-8	2011	The current study suggests that perinatal exposure to nicotine alters lung development, an effect which may be mediated via decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling.	Nicotine	54-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	134-168
24582613-6	2014	Our experiments in the lateral septum revealed that nicotine directly affects HCN - hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated non-selective cation channels.	Nicotine	52-60	cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
27624431-4	2016	To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the possible associations between the PPARalpha gene and nicotine dependency.	Nicotine	126-134	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	107-116
24582613-8	2014	These results are novel in regard to HCN channels in the septum, in general, and in their sensitivity to nicotine, in particular.	Nicotine	105-113	cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
27624431-11	2016	The first showed an effect of the PPARalpha-L162V polymorphism on the risk of nicotine dependency.	Nicotine	78-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	34-43
21378373-8	2011	The current study suggests that perinatal exposure to nicotine alters lung development, an effect which may be mediated via decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling.	Nicotine	54-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
23752247-10	2014	Recently, a significant increase in ErbB4 and Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) expression was revealed following chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal in mice and an association between NRG3 SNPs and smoking cessation success was detected in a clinical trial.	Nicotine	108-116	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	36-41
27474751-8	2016	UGT2B4 activity against codeine and UGT2B10 activity against nicotine were significantly decreased in both HuH-7 and Hep3B cells (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.0048, and P = 0.017 and P = 0.043, respectively) after overexpression of miR-216b-5p mimic.	Nicotine	61-69	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	36-43
27314515-0	2016	RNA interference of the nicotine demethylase gene CYP82E4v1 reduces nornicotine content and enhances Myzus persicae resistance in Nicotiana tabacum L. The CYP82E4v1 gene was identified to encode nicotine demethylase, which catalyzed the conversion of nicotine to nornicotine.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	195-215
27157710-1	2016	Studies with heterologous expression systems have shown that the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype can exist in two stoichiometries (with two [(alpha4)2(beta2)3] or three [(alpha4)3(beta2)2] copies of the alpha subunit in the receptor pentamer) which have different pharmacological and functional properties and are differently regulated by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	376-384	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	111-116
23996702-11	2014	A nicotine dependent correlation between SLPI and annexin 2 gene expression (r(2) = 0.15, p &lt; 0.001) was shown ex vivo.	Nicotine	2-10	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	50-59
24380835-10	2014	Nicotine selectively suppressed the organ-culture-enhanced relaxations induced by des-Arg9-bradykinin and bradykinin, at the same time reducing mPGES-1 mRNA and protein expressions.	Nicotine	0-8	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	144-151
27157710-2	2016	However, the effects of nicotine treatment in vivo on native alpha4beta2 nAChR stoichiometry are not well known.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	73-78
21325526-2	2011	In hippocampal slices from rats treated with nicotine for 1 week, withdrawal from nicotine in vivo produces an increase in CA1 pyramidal cell excitability that persists up to 9 months.	Nicotine	45-53	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
27157710-8	2016	These data suggest that chronic nicotine exposure in vivo favors increased assembly of alpha4beta2 nAChR containing three beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	99-104
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	157-162
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	synaptosomal-associated protein 25	Mus musculus	352-358
24289814-0	2014	Genetic variation within the Chrna7 gene modulates nicotine reward-like phenotypes in mice.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	29-35
24289814-2	2014	Genetic analysis of gene expression and behavior identified Chrna7 as potentially modulating nicotine place conditioning in the BXD panel of inbred mice.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-66
24289814-3	2014	We used gene targeting and pharmacological tools to confirm the role of Chrna7 in nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP).	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-78
21325526-2	2011	In hippocampal slices from rats treated with nicotine for 1 week, withdrawal from nicotine in vivo produces an increase in CA1 pyramidal cell excitability that persists up to 9 months.	Nicotine	82-90	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
24289814-5	2014	In the BXD panel, we found a putative cis expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for Chrna7 in NAc that correlated inversely to nicotine CPP.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	88-94
27300740-7	2016	Results revealed a significant interaction between MAOA and smoking during pregnancy, indicating higher levels of aggressive behavior in young adults carrying the MAOA low-expressing genotype who had experienced prenatal nicotine exposure (n = 8, p = .025).	Nicotine	221-229	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	51-55
21081469-9	2011	Furthermore, activation of COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in response to nicotine was mediated by the action of prostaglandin E receptors (EP2 and EP4).	Nicotine	82-90	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	156-159
27300740-7	2016	Results revealed a significant interaction between MAOA and smoking during pregnancy, indicating higher levels of aggressive behavior in young adults carrying the MAOA low-expressing genotype who had experienced prenatal nicotine exposure (n = 8, p = .025).	Nicotine	221-229	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	163-167
24289814-7	2014	In B6 mice, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective agonist, PHA-543613, dose-dependently blocked nicotine CPP, which was restored using the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA).	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	57-62
24289814-7	2014	In B6 mice, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective agonist, PHA-543613, dose-dependently blocked nicotine CPP, which was restored using the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist, methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA).	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	170-175
24289814-9	2014	Mice lacking Chrna7 demonstrate increased insulin signaling in the NAc, which may modulate nicotine place preference.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	13-19
26833871-8	2016	The genome-wide analysis of nearly one million genetic markers took 7h, identifying heterogeneous effects of two new genes (i.e., CYP3A5 and IKBKB) on nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	151-159	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	141-146
21081469-10	2011	EP2 or EP4 siRNA or antagonists impaired the nicotine-mediated NF-kappaB activity, upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21 and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	45-53	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	7-10
21081469-10	2011	EP2 or EP4 siRNA or antagonists impaired the nicotine-mediated NF-kappaB activity, upregulation of miR-16 and miR-21 and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	45-53	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	110-116
20843956-0	2010	Stimulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by nicotine increases suppressive capacity of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice in vitro.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	15-54
27421892-8	2016	C-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells in the ventral hippocampus and basolateral amygdala were increased in the nicotine-treated mice following testing for SR, whereas the number of IR cells in the infralimbic cortex was decreased in the same group.	Nicotine	106-114	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	0-5
27072849-5	2016	Pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of nicotine (0.3-0.5mug/rat) reversed TAM-induced memory impairment.	Nicotine	37-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
24055499-6	2014	In vivo chronic nicotine exposure during development significantly modified apical dendrite morphology and nAChR currents, compared with vehicle control.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	107-112
24055499-8	2014	Surprisingly, neurons from wildtype mice treated with in vivo nicotine resembled those from alpha5(-/-) mice treated with vehicle, maintaining into adulthood a morphological phenotype characteristic of immature mice together with reduced nAChR currents.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	238-243
24055499-9	2014	In alpha5(-/-) mice, however, developmental in vivo nicotine tended to normalize both adult morphology and nAChR currents.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	107-112
24055499-11	2014	In wildtype mice, the lasting alterations to the morphology and nAChR activation of prefrontal layer VI neurons are teratogenic changes consistent with the attention deficits observed following developmental nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	208-216	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	64-69
24877120-3	2014	We tested the hypothesis that SLURP-1 and -2--the physiological nicotinergic substances produced by the human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and immunocytes--can mimic the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	64-72	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	30-44
27239938-6	2016	Knockdown of Ash2l or Mef2c abolished nicotine-mediated alterations of dendritic complexity in vitro and in vivo, and attenuated nicotine-dependent changes in passive avoidance behavior.	Nicotine	38-46	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Homo sapiens	22-27
27239938-6	2016	Knockdown of Ash2l or Mef2c abolished nicotine-mediated alterations of dendritic complexity in vitro and in vivo, and attenuated nicotine-dependent changes in passive avoidance behavior.	Nicotine	129-137	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Homo sapiens	22-27
20843956-4	2010	We found that CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs from naive C57BL/6J mice positively expressed alpha7 nAChR, and its activation by nicotine enhanced the suppressive capacity of Tregs.	Nicotine	116-124	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	80-92
20843956-5	2010	Nicotine stimulation up-regulated the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) on Tregs but had no effect on the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 by Tregs.	Nicotine	0-8	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	107-152
23981515-2	2013	We have recently shown that the gas phase of cigarette smoke (nicotine- and tar-free cigarette smoke extract; CSE) likely to reach the systemic circulation contains stable substances which cause cytotoxicity like plasma membrane damage and cell death in cultured cells, and also that the plasma membrane damage is caused through sequential activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) and the resulting generation of reactive oxygen species (PKC/NOX-dependent mechanism), whereas cell death is caused through PKC/NOX-dependent and -independent mechanisms.	Nicotine	62-70	choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity)	Homo sapiens	110-113
20843956-5	2010	Nicotine stimulation up-regulated the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) on Tregs but had no effect on the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 by Tregs.	Nicotine	0-8	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	154-159
24089524-0	2013	Nicotine induces the up-regulation of the alpha7-nicotinic receptor (alpha7-nAChR) in human squamous cell lung cancer cells via the Sp1/GATA protein pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	glutaminyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit QRSL1	Homo sapiens	136-140
24089524-7	2013	Nicotine-induced up-regulation of alpha7-nAChR required GATA4 and GATA6.	Nicotine	0-8	GATA binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	66-71
27356027-4	2016	Extracellular release of annexin A2 was also enhanced after H2O2 and nicotine treatments, which was suppressed by pretreatment with the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine.	Nicotine	69-77	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	25-35
20843956-6	2010	In the supernatants of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs/CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell cocultures, we observed a decrease in the concentration of IL-2 in nicotine-stimulated groups, but nicotine stimulation had no effect on the ratio of IL-4/interferon (IFN)-gamma, which partially represented T-cell polarization.	Nicotine	131-139	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	123-127
27327258-0	2016	Crucial roles of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster on chromosome 8 in nicotine dependence: update and subjects for future research.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	21-27
24089524-8	2013	ChIP assays showed that nicotine induced the binding of GATA4 or GATA6 to Sp1 on the alpha7-nAChR promoter, thereby inducing its transcription and increasing its levels in human SCC-L.	Nicotine	24-32	GATA binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	65-70
20843956-6	2010	In the supernatants of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs/CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell cocultures, we observed a decrease in the concentration of IL-2 in nicotine-stimulated groups, but nicotine stimulation had no effect on the ratio of IL-4/interferon (IFN)-gamma, which partially represented T-cell polarization.	Nicotine	131-139	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	214-218
20843956-7	2010	The above-mentioned effects of nicotine were reversed by a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	69-81
20843956-9	2010	We conclude that nicotine might increase Treg-mediated immune suppression of lymphocytes via alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	17-25	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	93-105
21078494-11	2010	Preincubation with nicotine also would reduce the level of MUC5AC protein in culture supernatants of CE- and LPS-treated cells.	Nicotine	19-27	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	59-65
23810507-11	2013	Both nicotine and huperzine A reduced the extent of colonic lesions, increased colonic MDA level, high MPO activity and NF-kappaB expression in the colitis group.	Nicotine	5-13	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
27103432-4	2016	Application of PNU282987 or nicotine in the hippocampus rescued these phenotypes in Chat-Mecp2(-/y) mice.	Nicotine	28-36	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	89-94
25914226-6	2016	We confirmed the increased secretion by nicotine of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and two proposed markers of OA, fibronectin, and chitinase 3-like protein 1.	Nicotine	40-48	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	52-78
20599770-4	2010	The studies described here evaluated desensitization elicited by low concentrations of epibatidine, nicotine, cytisine or methylcarbachol of brain alpha4beta2-nAChR function measured with acetylcholine-stimulated (86)Rb(+) efflux from mouse thalamic synaptosomes.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	159-164
23842742-3	2013	Herein, we report that nicotine, an unselective alpha7-nAChR agonist, protects from morphological and synaptic impairments induced by Abeta oligomers.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	48-60
23842742-3	2013	Herein, we report that nicotine, an unselective alpha7-nAChR agonist, protects from morphological and synaptic impairments induced by Abeta oligomers.	Nicotine	23-31	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	134-139
23842742-4	2013	Interestingly, nicotine prevents both early postsynaptic impairment and late presynaptic damage induced by Abeta oligomers through the alpha7-nAChR/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	15-23	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	107-112
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	230-235
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	277-289
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	277-289
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	212-220	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-52
23842742-7	2013	Taken together, these results demonstrate that nicotine prevents memory deficits and synaptic impairment induced by Abeta oligomers.	Nicotine	47-55	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	116-121
23842742-8	2013	In addition, nicotine improves memory in young APP/PS1 transgenic mice before extensive amyloid deposition and senile plaque development, and also in old mice where senile plaques have already formed.	Nicotine	13-21	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	51-54
26471256-3	2016	Clinical studies also suggest that abnormalities in cholinergic signaling are associated with major depressive disorder, whereas pre-clinical studies have implicated both beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) and alpha7 nAChRs in the effects of nicotine in models of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.	Nicotine	241-249	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	209-215
26864774-2	2016	FAAH inhibition has been recently identified as having a critical involvement in behaviors related to nicotine addiction and has been shown to reduce the effect of nicotine on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system via CB1R and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Nicotine	164-172	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	224-272
26864774-2	2016	FAAH inhibition has been recently identified as having a critical involvement in behaviors related to nicotine addiction and has been shown to reduce the effect of nicotine on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system via CB1R and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Nicotine	164-172	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	274-283
27118643-3	2016	METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression changes of EMT-related markers, E-cadherin and Vimentin, in A549 lung cancer cells treated with nicotine; The transposition of beta-catenin protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence; Scratch test and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of nicotine on lung cancer cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	171-179	vimentin	Homo sapiens	122-130
27118643-3	2016	METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression changes of EMT-related markers, E-cadherin and Vimentin, in A549 lung cancer cells treated with nicotine; The transposition of beta-catenin protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence; Scratch test and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of nicotine on lung cancer cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	171-179	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	202-214
27118643-3	2016	METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression changes of EMT-related markers, E-cadherin and Vimentin, in A549 lung cancer cells treated with nicotine; The transposition of beta-catenin protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence; Scratch test and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of nicotine on lung cancer cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	349-357	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	202-214
23995055-4	2013	The nicotine-induced (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) improvement was significantly abolished by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.).	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	86-91
23995055-10	2013	These findings revealed that nicotine improved spontaneous alternation behavior of GM3(-/-) mice via the activation of alpha4beta2, but not alpha7, nAChR.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	148-153
20943921-5	2010	Here we report that brief application of nicotine, via alpha7-nAChRs, can restore MF long-term potentiation in BACE1 knock-outs.	Nicotine	41-49	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	111-116
23545467-6	2013	In the medial habenula, alpha5-containing, alpha3-containing, and beta4-containing nAChRs were shown to be crucially important in the regulation of the aversive aspects of nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	66-71
23583933-0	2013	Genetic deletion of the adenosine A(2A) receptor prevents nicotine-induced upregulation of alpha7, but not alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the brain.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	120-152
27347434-4	2016	In the present study in mice, we first used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to identify CNS cells stimulated by nicotine (NIC, 40 mug/kg, IP) and by a peripherally-acting analog of nicotine, nicotine pyrrolidine methiodide (NIC-PM, 30 mug/kg, IP).	Nicotine	107-115	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	44-49
26970742-9	2016	This inhibitory effect on Ca(2+) oscillation subsequently led to the inhibition of RANKL-induced NFATc1 and c-fos expression after long-term treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	83-88
26970742-9	2016	This inhibitory effect on Ca(2+) oscillation subsequently led to the inhibition of RANKL-induced NFATc1 and c-fos expression after long-term treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	108-113
30090398-4	2016	Using human recombinant GST and plasma as well as erythrocytes collected from normal subjects this study demonstrates that out of the ten compounds, nicotine (5 mg mL-1), benzo[a]pyrene (10 ng mL-1), naphthalene (250 mug mL-1), and formaldehyde (5 pg mL-1) caused a significant decrease in recombinant, plasma, and erythrocyte GST activity.	Nicotine	149-157	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	164-168
30090398-4	2016	Using human recombinant GST and plasma as well as erythrocytes collected from normal subjects this study demonstrates that out of the ten compounds, nicotine (5 mg mL-1), benzo[a]pyrene (10 ng mL-1), naphthalene (250 mug mL-1), and formaldehyde (5 pg mL-1) caused a significant decrease in recombinant, plasma, and erythrocyte GST activity.	Nicotine	149-157	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	193-197
30090398-4	2016	Using human recombinant GST and plasma as well as erythrocytes collected from normal subjects this study demonstrates that out of the ten compounds, nicotine (5 mg mL-1), benzo[a]pyrene (10 ng mL-1), naphthalene (250 mug mL-1), and formaldehyde (5 pg mL-1) caused a significant decrease in recombinant, plasma, and erythrocyte GST activity.	Nicotine	149-157	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	193-197
25363563-2	2016	One possible mechanism underlying this higher addiction liability is an ontogenetically differential cellular response induced by nicotine in neurons mediating the reinforcing or euphoric effects of this drug, which could arise from age-related differences in the composition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	279-311
25363563-2	2016	One possible mechanism underlying this higher addiction liability is an ontogenetically differential cellular response induced by nicotine in neurons mediating the reinforcing or euphoric effects of this drug, which could arise from age-related differences in the composition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	313-318
23583933-7	2013	In nicotine treated wild-type mice, both alpha4beta2* and alpha7 nAChR binding sites were increased compared with saline treated controls.	Nicotine	3-11	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-70
23583933-10	2013	Our data highlight the involvement of adenosine A(2A)Rs in the mechanisms of nicotine-induced alpha7 nAChR upregulation, and identify A(2A)Rs as novel pharmacological targets for modulating the long-term effects of nicotine on alpha7 receptors.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	101-106
23618901-14	2013	In contrast, nicotine inhibited VEGF release by HFL-1 in a dose and time dependent manner.	Nicotine	13-21	complement factor H related 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
23416040-2	2013	The limited available animal studies implicate a role for the alpha5 and beta4 nAChR subunits in nicotine dependence and withdrawal; however studies focusing on the behavioral role of the alpha3beta4* nAChR receptor subtype in nicotine dependence are lacking.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	79-84
26851533-3	2016	This study was therefore designed to examine the effects of cholinergic stimulation with alpha7-nAChR agonist nicotine in a murine model of acute viral myocarditis.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	89-101
23416040-3	2013	Because of the apparent role of the alpha3beta4* nAChR subtype in nicotine dependence, the goal of the current study was to better evaluate the involvement of this subtype in nicotine mediated behavioral responses.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	49-54
20731631-1	2010	Neuronal nAChR upregulation is the hallmark of chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	9-14
23416040-10	2013	Our findings suggest an important role for the alpha3beta4* nAChR subtype in nicotine reward and physical aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
23416040-10	2013	Our findings suggest an important role for the alpha3beta4* nAChR subtype in nicotine reward and physical aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
23724059-4	2013	Consistently, nicotine elicits seizures through nAChRs and mimics the excessive nAChR activation observed in animal models of the disease.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	48-53
26746805-2	2016	Nicotine, the major neurotoxic component of cigarette smoke, induces its actions by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), with one downstream effect being increased apoptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	95-128
26746805-2	2016	Nicotine, the major neurotoxic component of cigarette smoke, induces its actions by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), with one downstream effect being increased apoptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	130-135
26292186-1	2016	Several recent studies have indicated the involvement of calcium-dependent mechanisms, in particular the abundant calcium-activated kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), in behaviors associated with nicotine dependence in mice.	Nicotine	218-226	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	140-178
23456891-6	2013	Proteins appearing in all nicotine-treated stellate cells include amyloid beta (A4), procollagen type VI alpha 1, integral membrane protein 2B, and toll-interacting protein.	Nicotine	26-34	integral membrane protein 2B	Homo sapiens	114-142
20876810-3	2010	In the present study, the relationship between the levels of urinary nicotine metabolites and functional polymorphisms in UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 was analyzed in urine specimens from 104 Caucasian smokers.	Nicotine	69-77	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	122-140
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	34-42	mucin 4	Mus musculus	52-56
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	34-42	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	161-165
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	34-42	PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	177-180
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	34-42	mucin 4	Mus musculus	227-231
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	34-42	mucin 4	Mus musculus	227-231
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	272-280	mucin 4	Mus musculus	52-56
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	272-280	mucin 4	Mus musculus	227-231
22614008-5	2013	In addition, we demonstrated that nicotine-mediated MUC4 upregulation promotes the PC cell migration through the activation of the downstream effectors, such as HER2, c-Src and FAK; this effect was attenuated by shRNA-mediated MUC4 abrogation, further implying that these nicotine-mediated pathological effects on PC cells are MUC4 dependent.	Nicotine	272-280	mucin 4	Mus musculus	227-231
21507151-1	2013	The mu-opioid receptor encoded by the gene OPRM1 plays a primary role in opiate, alcohol, cocaine and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	102-110	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
21995552-8	2013	However, pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of AM251 prevented the ethanol (1 g/kg) or nicotine (0.7 mg/kg) response on ethanol-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	86-94	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	24-27
26292186-1	2016	Several recent studies have indicated the involvement of calcium-dependent mechanisms, in particular the abundant calcium-activated kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), in behaviors associated with nicotine dependence in mice.	Nicotine	218-226	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	180-186
26292186-2	2016	Behavioral and biochemical studies have shown that CaMKII is involved in acute and chronic nicotine behaviors and nicotine withdrawal; however, evidence of a role for CaMKII in nicotine reward is lacking.	Nicotine	91-99	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	51-57
26292186-2	2016	Behavioral and biochemical studies have shown that CaMKII is involved in acute and chronic nicotine behaviors and nicotine withdrawal; however, evidence of a role for CaMKII in nicotine reward is lacking.	Nicotine	114-122	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	51-57
26292186-2	2016	Behavioral and biochemical studies have shown that CaMKII is involved in acute and chronic nicotine behaviors and nicotine withdrawal; however, evidence of a role for CaMKII in nicotine reward is lacking.	Nicotine	114-122	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	51-57
26292186-3	2016	Thus, the goal of the current study was to examine the role of CaMKII in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	73-81	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	63-69
26292186-5	2016	CaMKII antagonists blocked expression of nicotine CPP, and the preference score was significantly reduced in alpha-CaMKII +- mice compared with their +/+ counterparts.	Nicotine	41-49	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	0-6
26292186-5	2016	CaMKII antagonists blocked expression of nicotine CPP, and the preference score was significantly reduced in alpha-CaMKII +- mice compared with their +/+ counterparts.	Nicotine	41-49	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	109-121
26292186-6	2016	Further, we assessed CaMKII activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus after nicotine CPP and found significant increases in CaMKII activity in the mouse VTA and NAc that were blocked by CaMKII antagonists.	Nicotine	140-148	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	21-27
26292186-7	2016	The findings from this study show that CaMKII mediates nicotine reward and suggest that increases in CaMKII activity in the VTA and NAc are relevant to nicotine reward behaviors.	Nicotine	55-63	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	39-45
26292186-7	2016	The findings from this study show that CaMKII mediates nicotine reward and suggest that increases in CaMKII activity in the VTA and NAc are relevant to nicotine reward behaviors.	Nicotine	152-160	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	101-107
26578264-4	2016	ZSET1446 significantly potentiated the facilitatory effect of nicotine and ACh on the frequency of spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs) recorded in CA1 pyramidal neurons with a maximum effect at 100 pM (tested range, 10 pM-1000 pM).	Nicotine	62-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
20876810-6	2010	These data suggest that UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 play important roles in the glucuronidation of nicotine, cotinine, and 3HC and suggest that the UGT2B10 codon 67 SNP and the UGT2B17 gene deletion significantly reduce overall glucuronidation rates of nicotine and its major metabolites in smokers.	Nicotine	90-98	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	24-42
23419392-2	2013	The beta2* nAChR subtype serves as a potential interface for these interactions since they are the principle mediators of nicotine dependence and have recently been shown to modulate some acute responses to ethanol.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	11-16
20876810-6	2010	These data suggest that UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 play important roles in the glucuronidation of nicotine, cotinine, and 3HC and suggest that the UGT2B10 codon 67 SNP and the UGT2B17 gene deletion significantly reduce overall glucuronidation rates of nicotine and its major metabolites in smokers.	Nicotine	90-98	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	139-146
23146955-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure in vitro to nicotine for 7 days inhibited the gemcitabine-induced reduction in viable cells, gemcitabine-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduced expression of cleaved caspase-3 while inducing the phosphorylation of signalling proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), v-akt thymoma viral oncogene homolog (protein kinase B, AKT) and Src.	Nicotine	30-38	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	365-368
26688111-2	2016	Although there is also strong evidence showing that the acute nicotine"s enhancing effects on contextual fear conditioning require high-affinity alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), it is unknown which nAChR subtypes are involved in the acute nicotine-induced impairment of contextual fear extinction.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	192-197
20876810-6	2010	These data suggest that UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 play important roles in the glucuronidation of nicotine, cotinine, and 3HC and suggest that the UGT2B10 codon 67 SNP and the UGT2B17 gene deletion significantly reduce overall glucuronidation rates of nicotine and its major metabolites in smokers.	Nicotine	244-252	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	24-42
23219611-9	2013	However, mice treated with the nAChR agonist nicotine and anabasine required a slightly longer time to recover some aspects of normal muscle function in comparison to mice treated with the nAChR antagonist MLA or deltaline.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	31-36
20876810-6	2010	These data suggest that UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 play important roles in the glucuronidation of nicotine, cotinine, and 3HC and suggest that the UGT2B10 codon 67 SNP and the UGT2B17 gene deletion significantly reduce overall glucuronidation rates of nicotine and its major metabolites in smokers.	Nicotine	244-252	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	139-146
23219715-5	2013	Long-term exposure with nicotine was demonstrated to up-regulate ALDH1 population in normal gingival and primary OSCC OE cells dose-dependently.	Nicotine	24-32	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	65-70
20876810-6	2010	These data suggest that UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 play important roles in the glucuronidation of nicotine, cotinine, and 3HC and suggest that the UGT2B10 codon 67 SNP and the UGT2B17 gene deletion significantly reduce overall glucuronidation rates of nicotine and its major metabolites in smokers.	Nicotine	244-252	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B17	Homo sapiens	168-175
22945906-6	2013	Nicotine caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, decreased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression (p &lt; 0.05) and attenuated osteogenesis (p &lt; 0.05) in hMSCs (45 % reduction at day 14).	Nicotine	0-8	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	75-91
22945906-6	2013	Nicotine caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, decreased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression (p &lt; 0.05) and attenuated osteogenesis (p &lt; 0.05) in hMSCs (45 % reduction at day 14).	Nicotine	0-8	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
22945906-8	2013	Induction of HO-1 by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist (GW0742) prevented the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
22945906-10	2013	Therefore, induction of HO-1 prevents the deleterious effects of nicotine on osteogenesis in hMSC.	Nicotine	65-73	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
22966072-5	2012	In muscle cell culture, nicotine exposure significantly increased IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and decreased insulin sensitivity, recapitulating the phenotype of smoking-induced insulin resistance in humans.	Nicotine	24-32	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
22966072-6	2012	The two pathways known to stimulate IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]) were both stimulated by nicotine in culture.	Nicotine	180-188	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
22966072-7	2012	Inhibition of mTOR, but not p44/42 MAPK, during nicotine exposure prevented IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and normalized insulin sensitivity.	Nicotine	48-56	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
26784967-0	2016	Repeated administration of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor attenuates nicotine taking in rats and smoking behavior in human smokers.	Nicotine	72-80	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	30-50
26784967-3	2016	Our previous studies demonstrated that acute administration of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) attenuates nicotine taking and seeking in rats and suggest that AChEIs could be repurposed for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	116-124	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	66-86
26776438-0	2016	DNA hypermethylation of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase contributes to inhibited cholesterol supply and steroidogenesis in fetal rat adrenals under prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	152-160	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	24-50
26776438-8	2016	The following conjoint analysis of DNA methylation array with these differentially expressed genes suggested that acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), the enzyme utilizing ketones for cholesterol supply, may play an important role in nicotine-induced cholesterol supply deficiency.	Nicotine	232-240	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	114-140
20647767-4	2010	TCL-1 cells exposed to both nicotine and benzo(a)pyrene exhibited significant, dose-dependent downregulation of miR-146a.	Nicotine	28-36	TCL1 family AKT coactivator A	Homo sapiens	0-5
26776438-8	2016	The following conjoint analysis of DNA methylation array with these differentially expressed genes suggested that acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), the enzyme utilizing ketones for cholesterol supply, may play an important role in nicotine-induced cholesterol supply deficiency.	Nicotine	232-240	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
26776438-10	2016	In conclusion, prenatal nicotine exposure can cause DNA hypermethylation of the AACS promoter in the rat fetal adrenal.	Nicotine	24-32	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
23233221-0	2012	L-theanine inhibits nicotine-induced dependence via regulation of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor-dopamine reward pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	70-101
23233221-4	2012	L-theanine treatment also reduced the upregulation of the alpha(4), beta(2) and alpha(7) nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits induced by nicotine in mouse brain regions that related to the dopamine reward pathway, thus decreasing the number of cells that could react to nicotine.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	122-127
23233221-4	2012	L-theanine treatment also reduced the upregulation of the alpha(4), beta(2) and alpha(7) nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits induced by nicotine in mouse brain regions that related to the dopamine reward pathway, thus decreasing the number of cells that could react to nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	122-127
23233221-5	2012	In addition, L-theanine treatment inhibited nicotine-induced c-Fos expression in the reward circuit related areas of the mouse brain.	Nicotine	44-52	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	61-66
23233221-7	2012	Overall, the present study showed that L-theanine reduced the nicotine-induced reward effects via inhibition of the nAChR-dopamine reward pathway.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	116-121
20647767-4	2010	TCL-1 cells exposed to both nicotine and benzo(a)pyrene exhibited significant, dose-dependent downregulation of miR-146a.	Nicotine	28-36	microRNA 146a	Homo sapiens	112-120
26279138-2	2016	We and others have proposed that targeting the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) may be a good strategy for treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	115-123	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	69-73
20584212-5	2010	Variants in or near CHRND-CHRNG, CHRNA7 and CHRNA10 show modest association with nicotine dependence risk in the AA sample.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
26279138-11	2016	Our results support a role for DRD3 mediating context-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking, but these effects may not be sustained over time.	Nicotine	79-87	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	31-35
20584212-5	2010	Variants in or near CHRND-CHRNG, CHRNA7 and CHRNA10 show modest association with nicotine dependence risk in the AA sample.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-39
26689865-0	2016	Nicotine induces self-renewal of pancreatic cancer stem cells via neurotransmitter-driven activation of sonic hedgehog signalling.	Nicotine	0-8	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	104-118
22771693-9	2012	SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates that nicotine binding to nAChR in mouse tracheal epithelium activates transepithelial ion transport involving adenylyl cyclase activity.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-65
20595621-4	2010	Nicotine"s effect on hyperexcitability of inflamed neurons was blocked in the presence of an alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, methyllicaconitine, while choline, the alpha(7)-nAChR agonist, induced a similar effect to that of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	93-134
26689865-8	2016	Chronic nicotine significantly increased the production of stress neurotransmitters and sonic hedgehog (SHH) while inducing Gli1 protein and decreasing GABA.	Nicotine	8-16	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	88-102
26496817-0	2016	BAG2 expression dictates a functional intracellular switch between the p38-dependent effects of nicotine on tau phosphorylation levels via the alpha7 nicotinic receptor.	Nicotine	96-104	BAG cochaperone 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
26496817-8	2016	Further, nicotine treatment inhibited endogenous expression of BAG2, resulting in increased levels of phosphorylated tau indistinguishable from those induced by BAG2 knockdown.	Nicotine	9-17	BAG cochaperone 2	Homo sapiens	63-67
26496817-9	2016	Conversely, overexpression of BAG2 is conducive to a nicotine-induced reduction in cellular levels of phosphorylated tau protein.	Nicotine	53-61	BAG cochaperone 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
26496817-10	2016	In both cases the effect of nicotine was p38MAPK-dependent, while the alpha7 antagonist MLA was synthetic to nicotine treatment, either increasing levels of phospho-Tau in the absence of BAG2, or further decreasing the levels of phospho-Tau in the presence of BAG2.	Nicotine	109-117	BAG cochaperone 2	Homo sapiens	260-264
26496817-12	2016	Thus, we report that BAG2 expression dictates a functional intracellular switch between the p38-dependent functions of nicotine on tau phosphorylation levels via the alpha7 nicotinic receptor.	Nicotine	119-127	BAG cochaperone 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
26001208-0	2016	Nicotine contributes to the neural stem cells fate against toxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Abeta via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	127-139
26001208-7	2016	However, addition of 10 mumol/L nicotine before microglias treated with Abeta was beneficial to protect the NSCs against neurotoxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Abeta, which partially rescued proliferation, differentiation and inhibited apoptosis of NSCs via activation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	32-40	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	292-304
23116221-5	2012	Experiments of induction and inhibition of the major nicotine demethylase CYP82E4 activity in tobacco demonstrated that CYP82E4 selectively demethylated (S)-nicotine and resulted in different EF(nnic) in tobacco leaves.	Nicotine	153-165	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	74-81
23116221-5	2012	Experiments of induction and inhibition of the major nicotine demethylase CYP82E4 activity in tobacco demonstrated that CYP82E4 selectively demethylated (S)-nicotine and resulted in different EF(nnic) in tobacco leaves.	Nicotine	153-165	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	120-127
20595621-4	2010	Nicotine"s effect on hyperexcitability of inflamed neurons was blocked in the presence of an alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, methyllicaconitine, while choline, the alpha(7)-nAChR agonist, induced a similar effect to that of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	136-141
20595621-4	2010	Nicotine"s effect on hyperexcitability of inflamed neurons was blocked in the presence of an alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, methyllicaconitine, while choline, the alpha(7)-nAChR agonist, induced a similar effect to that of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	194-208
27566293-8	2016	In addition, pesticides inhibit the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and consequently increase proteins of the shelterin complex, avoiding the access of telomerase in telomere and, nicotine activates UPS mechanisms and promotes the degradation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), decreasing telomerase activity.	Nicotine	182-190	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	288-293
20496163-2	2010	A site of action for both nicotine and alcohol effects in the brain are neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-114
25895948-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Primate and rodent models show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) ligands, including fibrate medications, reduce nicotine reinforcement, reward, and related effects.	Nicotine	159-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-98
20496163-2	2010	A site of action for both nicotine and alcohol effects in the brain are neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	116-121
25895948-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Primate and rodent models show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) ligands, including fibrate medications, reduce nicotine reinforcement, reward, and related effects.	Nicotine	159-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	100-110
19812239-7	2010	Tonically applied nicotine (1-100 microM) increased the frequency of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) on pyramidal neurons in PFC layer V. The contribution of nAChR types was assessed by using 1 microM dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), to block heteromeric nAChRs, and 10 nM methyllycaconitine (MLA), to block homomeric nAChRs.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	189-194
20663304-14	2010	Mean W/D ratio (5.02+/-0.37) and mean MPO activity (1.11+/-0.33) in HVT+nicotine group were significantly lower than those in HVT group (both P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	72-80	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
26631628-6	2016	The extent of nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation, and the time course of its reversal were comparable in all three areas.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	31-36
20468056-1	2010	Research has implicated mutations in the gene for neurexin-1 (NRXN1) in a variety of conditions including autism, schizophrenia, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	133-141	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	50-60
26497691-8	2016	Smokers with fewer than seven repeats for the DRD4 VNTR reported markedly reduced craving, increased satisfaction, and a greater calming effect in response to earlier smoked nicotine cigarettes, whereas those with seven or more repeats did not.	Nicotine	174-182	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	46-50
26497691-9	2016	In addition, minor carriers for all three DRD4 SNPs displayed blunted overall response to nicotine.	Nicotine	90-98	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	42-46
26497691-10	2016	CONCLUSION: These findings provide support for DRD4 variation as an informative predictor of subjective responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	117-125	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	47-51
26463278-10	2015	Quantification of CYP2B3, CYP3A2 and CYP1A2 mRNA identified significant effects of nicotine and PCB 95 co-exposure on hepatic CYP3A2 and hippocampal CYP1A2 transcripts.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 3	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
20468056-1	2010	Research has implicated mutations in the gene for neurexin-1 (NRXN1) in a variety of conditions including autism, schizophrenia, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	133-141	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
26318101-0	2015	The beta3 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: Modulation of gene expression and nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	93-101	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
20200934-9	2010	Nicotine exposure upregulated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor and enhanced angiogenesis but inhibited the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and impaired bone healing.	Nicotine	0-8	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Oryctolagus cuniculus	48-79
26318101-2	2015	SNPs in the putative promoter region of CHRNB3, the gene that encodes the beta3 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), have been repeatedly associated with nicotine behaviors.	Nicotine	174-182	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	74-79
26318101-10	2015	These data provide evidence that the protective genetic variant at rs6474413 identified in human genetic studies reduces gene expression and that decreased beta3 gene expression in mice reduces nicotine intake.	Nicotine	194-202	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	156-161
20190800-4	2010	We determined that this synergistic activity of Brn-3a/nicotine is due to two nucleotide differences in the URR, crucial for oncogenic E6/E7 transactivation.	Nicotine	55-63	POU class 4 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	48-54
25744957-3	2015	In the current study we used a mouse model of a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the translated region of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene that substitutes a valine (Val) for a methionine (Met) amino acid (Val66Met) to examine the relationship between the Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	333-341	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	126-159
25744957-3	2015	In the current study we used a mouse model of a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the translated region of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene that substitutes a valine (Val) for a methionine (Met) amino acid (Val66Met) to examine the relationship between the Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	333-341	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	161-165
25744957-6	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to examine the effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the affective symptoms of withdrawal from nicotine in mice.	Nicotine	137-145	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	65-69
25744957-8	2015	The significant increase in the BDNF prodomain in BDNF(Met/Met) mice following nicotine cessation suggests a possible role of this ligand in the circuitry remodeling after withdrawal.	Nicotine	79-87	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	32-36
25744957-8	2015	The significant increase in the BDNF prodomain in BDNF(Met/Met) mice following nicotine cessation suggests a possible role of this ligand in the circuitry remodeling after withdrawal.	Nicotine	79-87	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	50-54
26428579-0	2015	Nicotine inhibits hippocampal and striatal acetylcholinesterase activities, and demonstrates dual action on adult neuronal proliferation and maturation.	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	43-63
26428579-5	2015	RESULTS: There was significant decrease (P&lt;0.001) in AChE positive cells in the hippocampus and striatum following 2 and 4mg/kg nicotine but not at 0.25mg/kg.	Nicotine	131-139	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
26428579-6	2015	Nicotine treatment at 0.25 and 4mg/kg significantly decrease (P&lt;0.05) immunoreactivity of Ki67 and NSE in DG.	Nicotine	0-8	enolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
26428579-7	2015	Contrastingly, 2mg/kg nicotine did not alter Ki67 immunoreactivity but rather significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) NSE immunoreactivity in DG compared to control.	Nicotine	22-30	enolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
26428579-8	2015	CONCLUSION: This study suggests that nicotine may inhibit AChE activities in the brain, thereby having a direct or indirect influence on prevention of central acetylcholine degradation, as well as either improve or retard maturation adult born neurons in DG, at different doses.	Nicotine	37-45	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
26397391-4	2015	Treatment with the alpha7 nAChR agonist nicotine for three weeks obviously attenuated hepatic steatosis in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NASH.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	19-31
20190800-5	2010	Mutant constructs in which the nucleotide residues were substituted alter Brn-3a/nicotine responsiveness.	Nicotine	81-89	POU class 4 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	74-80
20223446-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: In this study we tested the hypothesis that nicotine restores proangiogenic functions to endothelial cells pretreated with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and/or soluble endoglin.	Nicotine	55-63	endoglin	Homo sapiens	184-192
26111579-6	2015	Overall, our findings demonstrate that alpha2-null mutant mice have altered cfos expression in distinct populations of neurons within selective midbrain and limbic brain structures that mediate baseline and nicotine withdrawal-induced neuronal activity.	Nicotine	207-215	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	76-80
20223446-6	2010	Nicotine restored these soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and/or soluble endoglin-reduced endothelial functions.	Nicotine	0-8	endoglin	Homo sapiens	74-82
20133892-6	2010	Nicotine was found to selectively inhibit UGT2B10 but not UGT1A4 activity.	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	42-49
26212554-2	2015	Multiple models of aggression across species suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has anti-aggressive (serenic) properties.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-94
26212554-2	2015	Multiple models of aggression across species suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has anti-aggressive (serenic) properties.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	96-101
20133892-6	2010	Nicotine was found to selectively inhibit UGT2B10 but not UGT1A4 activity.	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	58-64
26212554-3	2015	Here we demonstrate dose-dependent serenic effects of acute nicotine administration in three distinct mouse strains: C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CD1.	Nicotine	60-68	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	138-141
20061993-4	2010	However, one genetic variant has been implicated in altering nicotine sensitivity in mice is a T529A polymorphism in Chrna4, the gene that encodes the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) alpha4 subunit.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	171-176
26212554-9	2015	Furthermore, pharmacological studies suggest that activation of alpha7 nAChRs underlies the serenic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	64-70
20062537-4	2010	By generating dopamine neuron-specific NR1 knockout mice using cre/loxP-mediated method, we demonstrate that genetic inactivation of the NMDA receptors in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons selectively prevents nicotine-conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	216-224	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	39-42
28123805-0	2015	BDNF/TRK/KCC2 pathway in nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.	Nicotine	25-33	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
28123805-11	2015	CONCLUSION: BDNF/Trk signaling may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia via downregulation of KCC2.	Nicotine	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
20367431-0	2010	The effect of nicotine on the production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endoglin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and trophoblasts.	Nicotine	14-22	endoglin	Homo sapiens	91-99
26442615-9	2015	RESULTS: The results indicated that nicotine administration significantly decreased liver weight (48.37%) and increased the mean diameter of hepatocyte (239%), central hepatic vein (28.45%), liver enzymes level (ALP 29.43%, AST 21.81%, ALT 21.55%), and blood serum nitric oxide level (57.18%) compared to saline group (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	36-44	solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	224-227
26442615-9	2015	RESULTS: The results indicated that nicotine administration significantly decreased liver weight (48.37%) and increased the mean diameter of hepatocyte (239%), central hepatic vein (28.45%), liver enzymes level (ALP 29.43%, AST 21.81%, ALT 21.55%), and blood serum nitric oxide level (57.18%) compared to saline group (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	36-44	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	236-239
25981209-11	2015	Expression of nicotine-induced CPP was accompanied by an increase of phospho-CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein) and HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) expression in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	14-22	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
20367431-1	2010	OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of nicotine on the production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and trophoblast cells, and to assess the involvement of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) in this process.	Nicotine	38-46	endoglin	Homo sapiens	124-132
26164716-11	2015	Conversely, nicotine attenuated methamphetamine-induced deficits in alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	12-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
26015071-4	2015	Among smokers with DRD2 rs1079597 GG//MAOA rs309850 3-repeat, the OR of heavier smoking was 2.67 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.08, 6.59], p = .031) and the score on the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence was higher (4.26 vs. 2.83) than in those with DRD2 rs1079597 AA//MAOA rs309850 3-repeat.	Nicotine	206-214	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	38-42
25565665-3	2015	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HIF-2alpha on inflammatory cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction enzymes, and osteoclastic differentiation in nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).	Nicotine	181-189	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	59-69
25565665-4	2015	HIF-2alpha was upregulated in chronically inflamed PDLCs of periodontitis patients, and in nicotine- and LPS-exposed PDLC in dose- and time-dependent manners.	Nicotine	91-99	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
25565665-6	2015	The conditioned medium produced by nicotine and LPS-treated PDLCs increased the number of TRAP-stained osteoclasts, TRAP activity and osteoclast-specific genes, which has been blocked by HIF-2alpha inhibition and silencing.	Nicotine	35-43	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	187-197
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-35
19786030-10	2010	Tissue perfusion with GW427353 reduced nicotine-evoked neuronal spike frequency, an effect prevented by the beta3-AR antagonist SR-59230 and the SST2-receptor antagonist CYN154806 and mimicked by the SST2 receptor agonist octreotide.	Nicotine	39-47	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	108-116
25565665-8	2015	Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that HIF-2alpha inhibition exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and impairment of ECM destruction, as well as blocking of osteoclastic differentiation in a nicotine- and periodontopathogen-stimulated PDLCs model.	Nicotine	259-267	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-70
25941919-2	2015	The mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) binds the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin and mediates the reinforcing effects of nicotine, while the GluR5 kainate receptor subunit (encoded by GRIK1 gene), a binding site for known mediators of glutamate neurotransmission, potentially affects the glutaminergic system that is also indirectly implicated in the reward system.	Nicotine	122-130	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
25941919-9	2015	In the present study, we have shown that gene-gene interaction of components of different systems associated with nicotine reinforcing effects, such as OPRM1 and GRIK1, rather than one gene polymorphism, is associated with smoking behavior.	Nicotine	114-122	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
19602125-4	2009	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Differences in the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL mRNAs, in response to exposure to various concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mm) were evaluated in U2OS cells using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.In addition, the levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL proteins were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Nicotine	154-162	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	55-68
25845434-6	2015	Furthermore, EGCG markedly inhibited HIF-1alpha-dependent angiogenesis induced by nicotine in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein expression induced by nicotine in A549 xenografts of nude mice.	Nicotine	178-186	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	128-138
19602125-6	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine was found to increase the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL mRNA and protein in U2OS cells (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	58-71
19903766-7	2009	Mechanistically, nicotine-induced Mcl-1 phosphorylation significantly enhances the half-life of Mcl-1, which renders Mcl-1 a long-term survival activity.	Nicotine	17-25	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	96-101
19903766-8	2009	Specific depletion of Mcl-1 by RNA interference blocks nicotine-stimulated survival and enhances apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	55-63	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	22-27
25466703-4	2015	RESULTS: Ratio score (rP50) measured gating revealed significant improvement in auditory stimulus suppression after combined nicotine and MAO-A inhibition compared to placebo and to the nicotine-alone condition.	Nicotine	186-194	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	138-143
19903766-9	2009	Thus, nicotine-enhanced survival of lung cancer cells may occur through activation of Mcl-1 by phosphorylation at T163 site, which may contribute to development of human lung cancer and/or chemoresistance.	Nicotine	6-14	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	86-91
25466703-5	2015	This nicotine + MAO-A inhibition-induced efficient gating was consistent regardless of participants" baseline (placebo) gating efficiency, despite the observation that nicotine in the absence of MAO-A inhibition exhibited a detrimental effect on gating in participants with high baseline suppression ratios.	Nicotine	168-176	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	16-21
19756526-5	2009	Nicotine-induced amelioration of PPI deficits in METH-treated mice was accompanied by a reversal of the changes in c-Fos expression in both the LGP and PnC to the basal level.	Nicotine	0-8	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	115-120
25491928-1	2015	RATIONALE: Research suggests that nicotine deprivation among smokers is associated with lesser resting cortical activity (i.e., greater power density in theta and alpha-1 EEG bands and lesser power in beta bands).	Nicotine	34-42	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	163-170
25491928-6	2015	RESULTS: Theta and alpha-1 band (4-7 and 8-10 Hz) was greater in the very low nicotine (deprivation) relative to higher nicotine (satiation) condition.	Nicotine	78-86	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	19-26
25491928-6	2015	RESULTS: Theta and alpha-1 band (4-7 and 8-10 Hz) was greater in the very low nicotine (deprivation) relative to higher nicotine (satiation) condition.	Nicotine	120-128	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	19-26
19729077-3	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	114-122	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	215-231
19729077-3	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells.	Nicotine	114-122	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	233-237
25637801-5	2015	Nicotine stimulated expression of the pro-inflammatory signal transduction proteins phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and protein kinase A (PKA) in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.	Nicotine	0-8	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	138-143
25637801-6	2015	Nicotine also promoted elevations in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of activated astrocytes, and the microglia biomarker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1).	Nicotine	0-8	allograft inflammatory factor 1	Homo sapiens	160-202
25637801-6	2015	Nicotine also promoted elevations in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of activated astrocytes, and the microglia biomarker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1).	Nicotine	0-8	allograft inflammatory factor 1	Homo sapiens	204-208
25637801-8	2015	Levels of PKA, p-ERK, and p-JNK in trigeminal ganglion neurons were increased by nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	15-20
25670150-3	2015	MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified the role of nicotine to EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and to erlotinib-resistance in NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells by MTS assay and western blot.	Nicotine	49-57	EPH receptor B2	Homo sapiens	70-73
25670150-3	2015	MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified the role of nicotine to EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and to erlotinib-resistance in NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells by MTS assay and western blot.	Nicotine	49-57	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	120-123
25670150-5	2015	RESULTS: We confirmed the effects of nicotine on EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and determined nicotine"s potential in preventing from the effect of erlotinib on NSCLC cells.	Nicotine	37-45	EPH receptor B2	Homo sapiens	58-61
25670150-6	2015	Then, we showed that nicotine exposures can promote tumor growth and induce resistance to erlotinib in the PC9 xenograft model.	Nicotine	21-29	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	107-110
19729077-5	2009	RESULTS: Incubation of hPDL cells with apigenin decreased LPS- and nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression and activity.	Nicotine	67-75	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
25661292-3	2015	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced PPARgamma down-regulation is mediated by PPARgamma promoter methylation, controlled by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), two known key regulators of DNA methylation.	Nicotine	21-29	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-148
19729077-7	2009	Hemin, a selective HO-1 inducer, reversed the apigenin-mediated suppression of nicotine- and LPS-induced NO, PGE2 and cytokine production.	Nicotine	79-87	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
25661292-3	2015	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced PPARgamma down-regulation is mediated by PPARgamma promoter methylation, controlled by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), two known key regulators of DNA methylation.	Nicotine	21-29	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
25661292-5	2015	Methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine restored the nicotine-induced down-regulation of PPARgamma expression and the activation of its downstream myogenic marker fibronectin.	Nicotine	58-66	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-179
19576867-10	2009	Finally, we have shown that early adolescent nicotine exposure significantly elevates nAChR function in adulthood.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	86-91
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	44-52	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	44-52	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	44-52	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	241-252
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	153-161	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
19084357-4	2009	In nonsmokers, impulsive personality, prior marijuana use, and DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes may moderate nicotine responses in men but apparently not in women.	Nicotine	100-108	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	72-76
25156213-6	2015	These findings support that NAT1 has a role in the metabolic pathway of nicotine/cotinine and/or their metabolites.	Nicotine	72-80	N-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
25273375-8	2015	RESULTS: NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region loci and haplotypes were significantly associated with the motive of Automaticity and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	234-242	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
25273375-8	2015	RESULTS: NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region loci and haplotypes were significantly associated with the motive of Automaticity and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	234-242	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	190-195
25273375-8	2015	RESULTS: NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region loci and haplotypes were significantly associated with the motive of Automaticity and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	234-242	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	202-207
19619852-8	2009	Moreover, in this established cell line, PNU-282987, a selective alpha7nAChR agonist, exerted a stronger ability to reduce TNF-alpha release than nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	65-76
25811377-8	2015	Maternal nicotine exposure led to increased expression of Grp78, phosphorylated eIF2alpha, Atf4, and CHOP (p&lt;0.05) in the rat placenta, demonstrating the presence of augmented ER stress.	Nicotine	9-17	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
25716842-0	2015	Ly6h regulates trafficking of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine-induced potentiation of glutamatergic signaling.	Nicotine	75-83	lymphocyte antigen 6 family member H	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
19435931-2	2009	Thus, understanding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and subsequent molecular cascades activated after nicotine exposure is of the utmost importance in understanding the progression of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	24-56
25716842-6	2015	Consistent with such a regulatory function, knockdown of Ly6h in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons enhances nicotine-induced potentiation of glutamatergic mEPSC amplitude, which is known to be mediated by alpha7 signaling.	Nicotine	108-116	lymphocyte antigen 6 family member H	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
19435931-2	2009	Thus, understanding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and subsequent molecular cascades activated after nicotine exposure is of the utmost importance in understanding the progression of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-63
25512367-4	2015	PIN1 was up-regulated in chronically inflamed PDLCs from periodontitis patients and in LPS- and nicotine-exposed PDLCs.	Nicotine	96-104	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
25512367-6	2015	LPS- and nicotine-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation was blocked by juglone and PIN1 siRNA but increased by Ad-PIN1.	Nicotine	9-17	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
25512367-6	2015	LPS- and nicotine-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation was blocked by juglone and PIN1 siRNA but increased by Ad-PIN1.	Nicotine	9-17	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
25512367-9	2015	Furthermore, juglone and PIN1 siRNA inhibited LPS- and nicotine-induced osteoclastogenic cytokine expression in PDLCs.	Nicotine	55-63	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
25512367-10	2015	This study is the first to demonstrate that PIN1 inhibition exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and blocks osteoclastic differentiation in LPS- and nicotine-treated PDLCs.	Nicotine	147-155	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
19435931-2	2009	Thus, understanding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and subsequent molecular cascades activated after nicotine exposure is of the utmost importance in understanding the progression of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	206-214	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	24-56
25418282-0	2015	Nicotine exposure alters the mRNA expression of Notch ligands in dendritic cells and their response to Th1-/Th2-promoting stimuli.	Nicotine	0-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	108-111
19435931-2	2009	Thus, understanding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and subsequent molecular cascades activated after nicotine exposure is of the utmost importance in understanding the progression of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	206-214	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-63
25428810-5	2015	However, augmentation of gustatory plasticity was observed when bas-1 and cat-2 mutants were maintained on a growth medium containing nicotine along with dopamine, suggesting that dopamine signaling is involved in the augmentation of gustatory plasticity due to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	134-142	BH4_AAA_HYDROXYL_2 domain-containing protein;Tyrosine 3-hydroxylase;Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase	Caenorhabditis elegans	74-79
19435931-8	2009	In contrast, alpha7 nAChR KO mice show nicotine-induced increases in CaMKII activity and pCREB, similar to their wild-type littermates.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	20-25
19656028-4	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment concomitantly downregulated the expression of OPG and osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, and upregulated the expression of RANKL.	Nicotine	9-17	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	167-178
19656028-5	2009	Nicotine induced the synthesis of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) as well as a number of cellular antioxidants and phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1.	Nicotine	0-8	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	164-180
19442878-0	2009	Chronic nicotine exposure inhibits 17beta-estradiol-mediated protection of the hippocampal CA1 region against cerebral ischemia in female rats.	Nicotine	8-16	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
25293312-2	2015	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	186-194	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
25293312-2	2015	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	186-194	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
25293312-2	2015	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	186-194	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
25381636-0	2015	Nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	33-39
25381636-0	2015	Nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	70-82
19442878-9	2009	Nicotine exposure decreased ERbeta but not ERalpha protein levels in the hippocampus, suggesting a role for ERbeta in increased post-ischemic neurodegeneration from nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	0-8	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
25381636-2	2015	In the present experiment, both the RAW264.7 and MOVAS cell lines were employed to examine the nicotine-induced modulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	95-103	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	126-132
19442878-9	2009	Nicotine exposure decreased ERbeta but not ERalpha protein levels in the hippocampus, suggesting a role for ERbeta in increased post-ischemic neurodegeneration from nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	0-8	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-114
25381636-3	2015	Our results showed that nicotine concentrations of both 0.5 and 5 ng/ml induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 upregulation, while a concentration of 50 ng/ml had a slight inhibitory effect and a concentration of 500 ng/ml showed a significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	24-32	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	80-86
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	79-91
19442878-9	2009	Nicotine exposure decreased ERbeta but not ERalpha protein levels in the hippocampus, suggesting a role for ERbeta in increased post-ischemic neurodegeneration from nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	165-173	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-114
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	79-91
19358273-7	2009	Further, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein inhibited the nicotine-mediated induction of OPN, suggesting that mitogen activated protein kinase signaling mechanism is involved.	Nicotine	63-71	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	133-141	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	166-172
19358273-9	2009	Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation reduced the nicotine-induced OPN synthesis.	Nicotine	44-52	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
19358273-12	2009	Our data suggest that nicotine may contribute to PDA pathogenesis through upregulation of OPN.	Nicotine	22-30	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
25279991-2	2015	Nicotine stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in the renal epithelium.	Nicotine	0-8	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-89
25279991-2	2015	Nicotine stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in the renal epithelium.	Nicotine	0-8	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
25447802-4	2015	The use of new technologies (including optogenetics) and the development of mouse models characterised by cell-specific deletions of receptor subtype genes or the expression of gain-of-function nAChR subunits has greatly increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and neural substrates of nicotine addiction first revealed by classic electrophysiological, neurochemical and behavioural approaches.	Nicotine	302-310	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	194-199
19358273-13	2009	They provide the first insight into a nicotine-initiated signal transduction pathway that regulates OPN as a possible tumorigenic mechanism in PDA.	Nicotine	38-46	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
25258409-11	2014	These results demonstrate that nicotine suppresses acute colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis, and this effect may be associated with the activation of alpha7-nAChR.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	160-172
25233931-2	2014	We report here on the proportion of nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6-catalyzed C-oxidation, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 2B10 (UGT2B10)-catalyzed N-glucuronidation and flavin monooxygenase 3-catalyzed N-oxidation in five ethnic/racial groups and the role of UGT2B10 genotype on the metabolic patterns observed.	Nicotine	36-44	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	102-135
19523043-4	2009	in adolescent rats [from postnatal day (P) 28 to P34] could induce cross-sensitization to nicotine and amphetamine when animals were challenged during both adolescence (P37) and adulthood (P70), in separate groups of animals.	Nicotine	90-98	alpha- and gamma-adaptin binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
25296021-4	2014	METHODS: Primary lung fibroblasts isolated from wild type and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) deficient mice were treated with nicotine (50 microg/ml) in vitro for 72 hours.	Nicotine	150-158	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-101
25296021-6	2014	The role of the NFkappaB pathway in nicotine-induced NGF expression was investigated by measuring NFkappaB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and si-p65 NFkappaB knockdown.	Nicotine	36-44	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	201-204
25296021-9	2014	Nicotine increased NGF secretion in lung fibroblasts in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and stimulated NFkappaB nuclear translocation, p65 binding to the NGF promoter, and NFkappaB transcriptional activity.	Nicotine	0-8	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	136-139
25296021-12	2014	CONCLUSION: Nicotine stimulates NGF release by lung fibroblasts through alpha7 nAChR and NFkappaB dependent pathways.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-84
25296021-13	2014	These novel findings suggest that the nicotine-alpha7 nAChR-NFkappaB- NGF axis may provide novel therapeutic targets to attenuate tobacco smoke-induced AHR.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	47-59
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	neurotrophin 3	Rattus norvegicus	179-193
25803997-0	2014	Nicotine-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	28-34
25803997-2	2014	STUDY DESIGN: We determined the effect of nicotine on the expression of adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cells and the involvement of important known intermediaries, namely p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.	Nicotine	42-50	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	171-177
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	242-270
25803997-3	2014	RESULTS: Our results indicate that nicotine can enhance the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in increased expression of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	35-43	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	85-91
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	272-277
25803997-3	2014	RESULTS: Our results indicate that nicotine can enhance the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell via p38 MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in increased expression of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	35-43	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	247-253
19410565-11	2009	Thus, nicotine exposure during early postnatal development differentially up-regulated expression of neurotrophic factor mRNAs in the hippocampus, which could increase neurotrophic tone and alter developmental processes.	Nicotine	6-14	neurotrophin 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-120
25803997-4	2014	CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that 10(-6) M nicotine maximally enhances mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at 8 hours.	Nicotine	41-49	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	134-140
19346165-0	2009	Nicotine induced modulation of SLURP-1 expression in human colon cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	31-38
25051446-7	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment significantly suppressed expression of alpha3-nAChR (predominant peripheral alpha-subunit) in liver.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	73-78
25051446-13	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment enhanced PI-3-kinase activities and increased Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta phosphorylation in an nAChR-dependent manner coupled with decreased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	140-145
19346165-3	2009	In the current study, we demonstrate that the challenge of HT-29 human colon cancer cells with nicotine for 24 h to increase cell growth via the alpha 7nAChRs, caused a marked reduction of the protein expression of SLURP-1.	Nicotine	95-103	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	215-222
19498417-6	2009	By modulating DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and modulating GABA release onto DAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), alpha6*-nAChRs may play important roles in the mediation of nicotine reward and addiction.	Nicotine	202-210	twinfilin actin binding protein 1	Mus musculus	142-148
25221795-3	2014	Therefore, we hypothesized that nicotine or a nicotine metabolite such as cotinine might contribute to the inhibition of NNK-induced DNA strand breaks by interfering with CYP enzymes.	Nicotine	32-40	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	171-174
25221795-3	2014	Therefore, we hypothesized that nicotine or a nicotine metabolite such as cotinine might contribute to the inhibition of NNK-induced DNA strand breaks by interfering with CYP enzymes.	Nicotine	46-54	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	171-174
25260978-10	2014	In vitro exposure of cells to single doses or seven days of nicotine induced the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and EGR-1 and these responses were blocked by GABA.	Nicotine	60-68	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
19498417-8	2009	Thus, alpha6*-nAChRs may hold promise for future clinical treatment of human disorders, such as nicotine addiction and PD.	Nicotine	96-104	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-25 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	6-12
18688601-5	2009	RESULTS: Caffeine, CPT, and MSX-3 partially generalized to nicotine and shifted nicotine dose-response curves leftwards.	Nicotine	59-67	msh homeobox 3	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
18688601-5	2009	RESULTS: Caffeine, CPT, and MSX-3 partially generalized to nicotine and shifted nicotine dose-response curves leftwards.	Nicotine	80-88	msh homeobox 3	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
18758759-9	2009	Further support for an alpha7 nicotinic receptor-mediated component was provided by the ability of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine to attenuate responses to nicotine and amphetamine in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	23-48
18758759-9	2009	Further support for an alpha7 nicotinic receptor-mediated component was provided by the ability of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine to attenuate responses to nicotine and amphetamine in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-128
18758759-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the concept of an alpha7 nicotinic receptor-mediated dopaminergic element in nicotine discrimination, warranting further tests with selective dopamine agonists.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	54-79
19279237-4	2009	Using knock-out mice, we previously showed that the beta4, but not the beta2 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, is necessary for the somatic manifestations of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	170-178	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	52-57
19207358-0	2009	Further evidence for an association between the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 genes on chromosome 4 and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.	Nicotine	140-148	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	48-93
19207358-1	2009	AIMS: A previous association analysis identified polymorphisms in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 (GABRA4) and GABRA2 to be associated with nicotine dependence, as assessed by a score of 4 or more on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	154-162	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	66-111
19207358-1	2009	AIMS: A previous association analysis identified polymorphisms in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 (GABRA4) and GABRA2 to be associated with nicotine dependence, as assessed by a score of 4 or more on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	154-162	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	113-119
19207358-1	2009	AIMS: A previous association analysis identified polymorphisms in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 (GABRA4) and GABRA2 to be associated with nicotine dependence, as assessed by a score of 4 or more on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	238-246	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	66-111
19207358-1	2009	AIMS: A previous association analysis identified polymorphisms in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 (GABRA4) and GABRA2 to be associated with nicotine dependence, as assessed by a score of 4 or more on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	238-246	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	113-119
19207358-4	2009	RESULTS: Two and 18 additional SNPs in GABRA4 and GABRA2, respectively, were associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	93-101	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	39-45
19207358-6	2009	CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate consistently the role of GABRA4 and GABRA2 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Homo sapiens	62-68
18354387-0	2009	Significant association of ANKK1 and detection of a functional polymorphism with nicotine dependence in an African-American sample.	Nicotine	81-89	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
18789935-3	2008	Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that alcohol and nicotine consumption increased MAC deposition and VEGF expression in laser spots.	Nicotine	55-63	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
18348205-0	2008	A functional polymorphism, rs6280, in DRD3 is significantly associated with nicotine dependence in European-American smokers.	Nicotine	76-84	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	38-42
18823155-5	2008	Nicotine also resulted in a lengthening of P20 latency but a decrease in that of N40 and P80.	Nicotine	0-8	coilin	Mus musculus	89-92
18823155-6	2008	The P80 latencies of male and female subjects were differentially affected by nicotine, as males appeared to be more sensitive to its shortening effect.	Nicotine	78-86	coilin	Mus musculus	4-7
18690103-6	2008	Here, we review data generated from nAChR subunit knockout and genetically modified mice supporting a role for discrete nAChR subunits in nicotine reinforcement and dependence processes.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	36-41
18690103-6	2008	Here, we review data generated from nAChR subunit knockout and genetically modified mice supporting a role for discrete nAChR subunits in nicotine reinforcement and dependence processes.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	120-125
18718366-6	2008	Interestingly, the messenger RNA expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1, bone sialoprotein, and ALP activity were significantly reduced in nicotine-treated HDPC.	Nicotine	152-160	dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	47-84
18583454-0	2008	Long-term nicotine treatment differentially regulates striatal alpha6alpha4beta2* and alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2* nAChR expression and function.	Nicotine	10-18	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	86-102
18583454-8	2008	To elucidate the alpha6beta2(*) nAChR subtypes altered with long-term nicotine treatment, we used the novel alpha-CtxMII analog E11A in combination with alpha4 nAChR knockout mice.	Nicotine	70-78	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	32-37
18583454-9	2008	(125)I-alpha-CtxMII competition studies in striatum of knockout mice showed that nicotine treatment decreased the alpha6alpha4beta2(*) subtype but increased the alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2(*) nAChR population.	Nicotine	81-89	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	161-177
18492687-0	2008	Jasmonate-induced nicotine formation in tobacco is mediated by tobacco COI1 and JAZ genes.	Nicotine	18-26	coronatine-insensitive protein 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	71-75
18492687-9	2008	These results indicate that jasmonate-triggered, COI1-mediated degradation of JAZ repressors activates transcriptional regulation of nicotine biosynthesis genes in tobacco roots.	Nicotine	133-141	coronatine-insensitive protein 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	49-53
18455969-3	2008	In pups prenatally exposed to nicotine, baseline ventilation and hypoxic ventilatory response were increased at P7 (+48%) and P11 (+46%), with increased tidal volume (p&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	30-38	endonuclease, poly(U) specific	Homo sapiens	126-129
18472096-11	2008	Furthermore, the expression of VEGF and bFGF within CNV and VCAM-1 in choroid beneath CNV was up-regulated in nicotine-exposed mice.	Nicotine	110-118	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	60-66
18472096-13	2008	These effects may be partly due to indirect actions of nicotine on BMCs via other factors (e.g. VEGF or VCAM-1).	Nicotine	55-63	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	104-110
18270208-0	2008	Significant association of the neurexin-1 gene (NRXN1) with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers.	Nicotine	60-68	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	31-41
18270208-0	2008	Significant association of the neurexin-1 gene (NRXN1) with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers.	Nicotine	60-68	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
18270208-2	2008	A recent study reported that NRXN1 is associated with nicotine dependence (ND); this, together with the intriguing physiological functions of the gene, motivated us to investigate the involvement of NRXN1 with ND in independent samples.	Nicotine	54-62	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
18452957-3	2008	Nicotine withdrawal was induced by termination of chronic nicotine delivery through osmotic minipumps or precipitated with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	127-159
18452957-3	2008	Nicotine withdrawal was induced by termination of chronic nicotine delivery through osmotic minipumps or precipitated with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	161-166
18452957-11	2008	The current study is one of the first to demonstrate reward deficits associated with both spontaneous and nAChR antagonist-precipitated nicotine withdrawal in C57BL/6J mice.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-111
18203686-7	2008	In the death receptor pathway, Fas and soluble Fas ligand (FasL) protein were significantly increased in the nicotine-exposed offspring compared to control animals; there was no difference in the ratio of inactive/active caspase-8 or membrane-bound FasL expression.	Nicotine	109-117	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	47-57
18203686-7	2008	In the death receptor pathway, Fas and soluble Fas ligand (FasL) protein were significantly increased in the nicotine-exposed offspring compared to control animals; there was no difference in the ratio of inactive/active caspase-8 or membrane-bound FasL expression.	Nicotine	109-117	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	59-63
18194436-5	2008	In radioligand binding studies, the specific binding of [3H]-nicotine was not altered in the presence of AEA, indicating that AEA inhibits the function of nAChR in a non-competitive manner.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	155-160
18205746-0	2008	Differential induction of heme oxygenase-1 against nicotine-induced cytotoxicity via the PI3K, MAPK, and NF-kappa B pathways in immortalized and malignant human oral keratinocytes.	Nicotine	51-59	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	26-42
18205746-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exhibits cytoprotective effects in many different cell types and is induced by nicotine exposure in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	115-123	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	12-28
18205746-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exhibits cytoprotective effects in many different cell types and is induced by nicotine exposure in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	115-123	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
18205746-2	2008	However, the role of HO-1 in cancer cells exposed to nicotine has not previously been described.	Nicotine	53-61	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
18205746-5	2008	RESULTS: Nicotine-induced HO-1 production and had cytotoxic effects on cells in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	9-17	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
18205746-6	2008	Nicotine-induced cytotoxicity and accumulation of HO-1 were greater in IHOK cells than in HN12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
18205746-7	2008	Molecular inhibitors of the ERK, p38 MAP kinase, PI3 K, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways blocked the cytotoxic effects and induction of HO-1 expression by nicotine.	Nicotine	155-163	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
18205746-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest that HO-1 plays a principal role in the protective response to nicotine in oral cancer and immortalized keratinocytes.	Nicotine	112-120	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
18316071-4	2008	Post-training intra-CA1 microinjection of nicotine (0.5-1 microg/rat) decreased significantly the amnesia induced by post-training morphine (7.5 mg/kg).	Nicotine	42-50	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
18316071-7	2008	Interestingly, pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of nicotine (0.25 and 0.5 microg/rat) improved post-training morphine (7.5 mg/kg)-induced retrieval impairment.	Nicotine	52-60	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
18189313-0	2008	The effect of nicotine on spiking activity and Ca2+ dynamics of dendritic spines in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons.	Nicotine	14-22	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
17942810-3	2007	Chronic (-)-nicotine, a nAChR agonist, treatment in mice and rats elicits a dose-dependent increase in nAChRs in the brain.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	24-29
17909004-7	2007	These data suggest that UGT2B10 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in nicotine/cotinine glucuronidation and that the UGT2B10*2 variant significantly reduces nicotine- and cotinine-N-glucuronidation formation and plays an important role in nicotine metabolism and elimination.	Nicotine	159-167	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	24-31
17909004-7	2007	These data suggest that UGT2B10 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in nicotine/cotinine glucuronidation and that the UGT2B10*2 variant significantly reduces nicotine- and cotinine-N-glucuronidation formation and plays an important role in nicotine metabolism and elimination.	Nicotine	159-167	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	119-126
17666046-5	2007	Nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by high concentrations of mecamylamine, however it was not blocked by other broad nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitors (including hexamethonium and chlorisondamine) or nAChR subtype selective inhibitors (such as methyllycaconitine, alpha-bungarotoxin, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and alpha-conotoxin Au1B).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	133-165
17666046-5	2007	Nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by high concentrations of mecamylamine, however it was not blocked by other broad nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitors (including hexamethonium and chlorisondamine) or nAChR subtype selective inhibitors (such as methyllycaconitine, alpha-bungarotoxin, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and alpha-conotoxin Au1B).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	167-172
17666046-5	2007	Nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by high concentrations of mecamylamine, however it was not blocked by other broad nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitors (including hexamethonium and chlorisondamine) or nAChR subtype selective inhibitors (such as methyllycaconitine, alpha-bungarotoxin, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and alpha-conotoxin Au1B).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	234-239
17666046-6	2007	In accord with these pharmacological results, nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was normal in primary cultures made from beta2 or alpha7 nAChR subunit knockout mice.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	133-145
17576790-3	2007	The K(m) value of recombinant UGT2B10 for nicotine (0.29 mM) was similar to that determined for human liver microsomes (0.33 mM), whereas the K(m) value of UGT1A4 for nicotine was almost 10-fold greater (2.4 mM).	Nicotine	42-50	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	30-37
17576790-3	2007	The K(m) value of recombinant UGT2B10 for nicotine (0.29 mM) was similar to that determined for human liver microsomes (0.33 mM), whereas the K(m) value of UGT1A4 for nicotine was almost 10-fold greater (2.4 mM).	Nicotine	167-175	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	156-162
17576790-4	2007	UGT2B10 was also more active than UGT1A4 in N-glucuronidation of cotinine (oxidative nicotine metabolite), whereas UGT2B7 exhibited only low nicotine glucuronidation activity and was essentially inactive toward cotinine.	Nicotine	85-93	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	0-7
17576790-7	2007	These findings for UGT2B10 (but not for UGT1A4 and UGT2B7) were mirrored by human tissue activities because nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation rates in intestine microsomes were less than 0.1% that of human liver microsomes.	Nicotine	108-116	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	19-26
18070436-7	2007	CONCLUSIONS: There exists USF1 protein in odontoblasts, which locates in the cytoplasm and could translocate into nuclei under the stimulation of nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	upstream transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
17371806-9	2007	Our results indicate that alpha(4)beta(2)(*) acetylcholine nicotinic receptors (nAChR) are important in mediating nicotine analgesia in supraspinal responses, while also showing that alpha(4)beta(2)(*)-nAChR and at least one other nAChR subtype appear to modulate spinal actions.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	80-85
17341654-8	2007	The data indicate that one alpha-CtxMII-sensitive nAChR subtype, prevalent on wild-type dopaminergic terminals, has the lowest EC(50) for a nicotine-mediated function so far measured in mice.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	50-55
17341654-9	2007	In conclusion, the gene deletion strategy enabled isolation of alpha6* subtypes, and these nAChR subtypes exhibited differential activation by nicotine and cytisine.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	91-96
17512560-7	2007	STOP KO mice were hypersensitive to the stimulating locomotor effect of nicotine and, interestingly, their impaired performance in learning the cued version of the water maze were improved by administration of the preferential alpha7 nAChR agonist choline.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	227-239
17133263-5	2007	The effects of nicotine on the extracellular dopamine release were potentiated by galantamine, but antagonized by mecamylamine, a nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	130-135
17459420-7	2007	Exposure of SCLC or PNECs to NNK or nicotine increased expression of the alpha7nAChR and caused influx of Ca(2+), activation of PKC, Raf-1, ERK1/2, and c-myc, resulting in the stimulation of cell proliferation.	Nicotine	36-44	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	152-157
17520028-6	2007	Nicotine pretreatment protected mice from renal dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner and through the alpha7nAChR, as attested by the absence of protection in alpha7nAChR-deficient mice.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-114
17520028-9	2007	All together, these data highlight that nicotine exerts a protective anti-inflammatory effect during kidney I/R through the cholinergic alpha7nAChR pathway.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	136-147
17470777-3	2007	Using genetically modified mice and pharmacological manipulations, we provide behavioral, electrophysiological, and pharmacological evidence for a long-term mechanism by which chronic nicotine triggers opposing processes differentially mediated by beta2*- vs. alpha7*nAChRs.	Nicotine	184-192	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	260-266
17470777-4	2007	These data offer previously undescribed insights into the understanding of nicotine addiction and the treatment of several human pathologies by nicotine-like agents chronically acting on beta2*- or alpha7*nAChRs.	Nicotine	75-83	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	198-204
25086310-0	2014	Common effects of fat, ethanol, and nicotine on enkephalin in discrete areas of the brain.	Nicotine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
17470777-4	2007	These data offer previously undescribed insights into the understanding of nicotine addiction and the treatment of several human pathologies by nicotine-like agents chronically acting on beta2*- or alpha7*nAChRs.	Nicotine	144-152	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	198-204
17466021-0	2007	Nicotine gates long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region via the activation of alpha2* nicotinic ACh receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	57-60
24789730-0	2014	Nicotine inhibits the proliferation by upregulation of nitric oxide and increased HDAC1 in mouse neural stem cells.	Nicotine	0-8	histone deacetylase 1	Mus musculus	82-87
17466021-4	2007	Interestingly, these opposing effects of nicotine were absent or greatly reduced in alpha2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-knockout (KO) mice, suggesting that an alpha2-containing nAChR subtype mediates these effects.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	189-194
17466021-5	2007	Optical imaging with a voltage-sensitive dye revealed significantly stronger membrane depolarization in the presence of nicotine in the SC path, facilitating spread of excitatory neural activity along both the somatodendritic and the CA1 proximodistal axes.	Nicotine	120-128	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	234-237
24789730-11	2014	Taken together, these data demonstrate that prolonged exposure of nicotine decreased proliferation of mNSCs by increased NO and inflammatory cytokine through increased HDAC1.	Nicotine	66-74	histone deacetylase 1	Mus musculus	168-173
17466021-6	2007	These effects of nicotine were also absent in alpha2 nAChR-KO mice, suggesting that the enhanced optical signal is related to the nicotine-induced facilitation of LTP induction.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	53-58
17466021-8	2007	These inhibitory effects of nicotine were absent in alpha2 nAChR-KO mice and, thus, most probably underlie the nicotine-induced suppression of LTP induction.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	59-64
25046735-7	2014	This nicotine effect was mediated by the activation of non-alpha7 nAChR subtypes, which were not activated by ACh released during LTD-inducing stimulation, and requires the presence of endogenous ACh-induced alpha7 nAChR activation.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	59-65
25046735-7	2014	This nicotine effect was mediated by the activation of non-alpha7 nAChR subtypes, which were not activated by ACh released during LTD-inducing stimulation, and requires the presence of endogenous ACh-induced alpha7 nAChR activation.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	66-71
17466021-8	2007	These inhibitory effects of nicotine were absent in alpha2 nAChR-KO mice and, thus, most probably underlie the nicotine-induced suppression of LTP induction.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	59-64
24201053-4	2014	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, naturally regulates the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	182-190	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
24201053-4	2014	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, naturally regulates the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	182-190	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
24201053-4	2014	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, naturally regulates the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	182-190	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
17401602-2	2007	Modulation of PTHrP-driven signaling can almost completely prevent nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation.	Nicotine	67-75	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	84-87
25038610-6	2014	Mice pre-exposed to nicotine had upregulated alpha4YFP nAChR subunits in the hippocampal medial perforant path and on ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons as compared to chronic saline mice.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	55-60
25038610-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic forced pre-exposure of nicotine is sufficient to induce elevated oral nicotine intake and supports the postulate that nAChR upregulation may be a key factor influencing nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	139-144
25038610-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic forced pre-exposure of nicotine is sufficient to induce elevated oral nicotine intake and supports the postulate that nAChR upregulation may be a key factor influencing nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	139-144
17401602-4	2007	Our objective was to determine if nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation could be reversed by specifically targeting the PTHrP-mediated alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling.	Nicotine	34-42	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	51-54
25038610-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic forced pre-exposure of nicotine is sufficient to induce elevated oral nicotine intake and supports the postulate that nAChR upregulation may be a key factor influencing nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	139-144
17401602-8	2007	Nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation was almost completely reversed by treatment with RGZ, PTHrP, or DBcAMP, as determined by protein and functional assays.	Nicotine	0-8	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	17-20
17401602-9	2007	Using a specific molecular approach and targeting specific molecular intermediates in the PTHrP signaling pathway, to our knowledge, this for the first time, demonstrates the reversibility of nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, suggesting not only the possibility of prevention but also the potential for reversal of nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	192-200	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	209-212
17401602-9	2007	Using a specific molecular approach and targeting specific molecular intermediates in the PTHrP signaling pathway, to our knowledge, this for the first time, demonstrates the reversibility of nicotine-induced LIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation, suggesting not only the possibility of prevention but also the potential for reversal of nicotine-induced lung injury.	Nicotine	331-339	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	209-212
17179996-0	2007	Linkage and association studies in African- and Caucasian-American populations demonstrate that SHC3 is a novel susceptibility locus for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	137-145	SHC adaptor protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
25237577-4	2014	OBJECTIVES: This study decided to investigate the effects of vitamin C on fibronectin expression in kidneys of mice offspring, treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	140-148	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	74-85
25237577-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that vitamin C could reduce the fibronectin accumulation effects of nicotine on kidney.	Nicotine	101-109	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	65-76
23999525-8	2014	Mice with significantly reduced levels of NRG3 or pharmacological inhibition of ErbB4 show similar reductions in anxiety following nicotine WD compared with control animals, suggesting a role for NRG3 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	80-85
23999525-8	2014	Mice with significantly reduced levels of NRG3 or pharmacological inhibition of ErbB4 show similar reductions in anxiety following nicotine WD compared with control animals, suggesting a role for NRG3 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	204-212	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	80-85
17179996-10	2007	As further support, we found that nicotine administered through infusion increased the Shc3 mRNA level by 60% in the rat striatum, and decreased it by 22% in the nucleus accumbens (NA).	Nicotine	34-42	SHC adaptor protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
17443794-8	2007	Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4beta2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected.	Nicotine	0-8	agouti related neuropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
24659022-7	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Brain systems associated with reward salience may become primed and overreactive at nicotine replacement doses intended for the first step of smoking cessation and may become inhibited during nicotine withdrawal in DRD4 S but not in DRD4 L carriers.	Nicotine	205-213	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	228-232
24659022-8	2014	These findings are consistent with the role of these regions in drug reinforcement and suggest a differential influence of nicotine replacement on amygdala activation in the association of incentive salience with smoking stimuli across DRD4 genotypes.	Nicotine	123-131	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	236-240
24927283-0	2014	Role of nicotine dependence in the association between the dopamine receptor gene DRD3 and major depressive disorder.	Nicotine	8-16	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	82-86
24927283-12	2014	Our results further suggest that nicotine dependence may potentiate the influence of the DRD3 genetic variant on MDD.	Nicotine	33-41	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	89-93
22524403-0	2012	CHRNB3 is more strongly associated with Fagerstrom test for cigarette dependence-based nicotine dependence than cigarettes per day: phenotype definition changes genome-wide association studies results.	Nicotine	87-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
22524403-9	2012	FINDINGS: The genetic locus most strongly associated with nicotine dependence was rs1451240 on chromosome 8 in the region of CHRNB3 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, P = 2.4 x 10(-8) ].	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-131
22922325-4	2012	Here, using zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that nicotine alters the expression of the validated endocrine disruption (ED) biomarkers, vitellogenin (vtg 1 and vtg 2) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b) at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	51-59	vitellogenin 2	Danio rerio	161-166
17068140-4	2007	Short-term nicotine treatment stimulated phosphorylation of p44/42-MAPK, p38-MAPK, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.	Nicotine	11-19	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	87-137
22956827-8	2012	mPFC infusion of a non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine blocked the excitatory effect of systemic nicotine on the VTA DA neurons with type-I response, but mPFC infusion of nicotine failed to excite these neurons.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
22956827-8	2012	mPFC infusion of a non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine blocked the excitatory effect of systemic nicotine on the VTA DA neurons with type-I response, but mPFC infusion of nicotine failed to excite these neurons.	Nicotine	211-219	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
22956827-9	2012	These results suggest that nAChR activation in the mPFC is necessary, but not sufficient, for systemic nicotine-induced excitation of VTA neurons.	Nicotine	103-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
22498344-0	2012	An LC-MS/MS method for concurrent determination of nicotine metabolites and the role of CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolite-mediated oxidative stress in SVGA astrocytes.	Nicotine	98-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
22498344-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Nicotine is known to generate oxidative stress through cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-mediated metabolism in the liver and other organs, including macrophages.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	67-86
22498344-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Nicotine is known to generate oxidative stress through cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-mediated metabolism in the liver and other organs, including macrophages.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
22498344-2	2012	This study has been designed to examine the role of CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolism and oxidative stress in SVGA cells, an immortalized human astrocyte cell line.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	52-58
22498344-6	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine significantly upregulated mRNA and protein expression of the most abundantly expressed CYPs in SVGA astrocytes, CYP2A6 and CYP1A1.	Nicotine	9-17	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	130-136
22498344-10	2012	Nicotine metabolism and ROS formation by CYP2A6 were further confirmed by using tryptamine, a selective inhibitor of CYP2A6, which significantly lowered the levels of cotinine and NNK and inhibited ROS formation.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
22498344-10	2012	Nicotine metabolism and ROS formation by CYP2A6 were further confirmed by using tryptamine, a selective inhibitor of CYP2A6, which significantly lowered the levels of cotinine and NNK and inhibited ROS formation.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	117-123
24521142-9	2014	DBH effects were confirmed [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, P = 0.04] after controlling for associated clinical variables (MD severity, OR = 3.4, P &lt; 0.001; antisocial personality disorder, OR = 2.2, P &lt; 0.001; alcohol dependence, OR = 1.4, P = 0.05; and nicotine dependence, OR = 1.4, P = 0.06).	Nicotine	252-260	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
24719457-0	2014	NeuroD1 mediates nicotine-induced migration and invasion via regulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in a subset of neural and neuroendocrine carcinomas.	Nicotine	17-25	neuronal differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
24719457-3	2014	In the present study we investigate the possible function of NeuroD1 in established tumors, as well as actions early on in pathogenesis, in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	152-160	neuronal differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	61-68
24719457-4	2014	We demonstrate that nicotine up-regulates NeuroD1 in immortalized normal bronchial epithelial cells and a subset of undifferentiated carcinomas.	Nicotine	20-28	neuronal differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	42-49
24719457-6	2014	In addition, we find that coordinated expression of these subunits by NeuroD1 leads to enhanced nicotine-induced migration and invasion, likely through changes in intracellular calcium.	Nicotine	96-104	neuronal differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
22498344-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: CYP2A6 plays a key role in nicotine metabolism and oxidative stress in astrocytes, and this has implications in nicotine-associated brain toxicity.	Nicotine	40-48	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
17116233-9	2007	The novel integrated use of restricted re-expressed nAChR subunits with in vivo electrophysiology and automated quantitative behavioural analysis enables the further analysis of defined neuronal circuits in nicotine addiction and higher cognitive function.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	52-57
22498344-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: CYP2A6 plays a key role in nicotine metabolism and oxidative stress in astrocytes, and this has implications in nicotine-associated brain toxicity.	Nicotine	125-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
22578217-5	2012	Nicotine decreased stress-induced c-Fos in prelimbic cortex (PrL), anteroventral BST (avBST), and peri-PVN, but increased c-Fos induction in medial amygdala (MeA), locus coeruleus, and PVN.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22578217-5	2012	Nicotine decreased stress-induced c-Fos in prelimbic cortex (PrL), anteroventral BST (avBST), and peri-PVN, but increased c-Fos induction in medial amygdala (MeA), locus coeruleus, and PVN.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
24804708-4	2014	We previously undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes and found that rare missense variants at conserved residues in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence among African Americans.	Nicotine	247-255	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-115
24804708-4	2014	We previously undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes and found that rare missense variants at conserved residues in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence among African Americans.	Nicotine	247-255	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-210
26038675-9	2014	Nicotine in group B decreased estradiol level and ERalpha numbers both in the uterus and oviduct (p&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	0-8	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	50-57
26038675-10	2014	Co-administration of melatonin-nicotine in Group D ameliorated the histology of the uterus and oviduct, increased ERalpha numbers and reduced apoptosis in the uterus and oviduct compared with the nicotine Group B (p&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	31-39	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	114-121
22578217-7	2012	The stress-induced c-Fos expression in retrograde-labeled FG+ neurons was decreased in PrL by nicotine, but increased in MeA, and also reduced in avBST.	Nicotine	94-102	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
26038675-11	2014	This study indicates that nicotine impairs the histology of the uterus and oviduct and co-administration of melatonin-nicotine ameliorates these findings, partly through alteration in ERalpha numbers and reduction of apoptosis.	Nicotine	118-126	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	184-191
17206524-10	2007	The correlation above support that idea that the 3HC:COT ratio can be used as a predictor of CYP2A6 activity and nicotine clearance.	Nicotine	113-121	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	53-56
24368670-5	2014	Our in vivo experiments show that nicotine inhibits trophoblast interstitial invasion, increases placental hypoxia, downregulates labyrinth vascularization as well as key transcription factors Hand1 and GCM1, and decreases local and circulating EG-VEGF, a key placental angiogenic factor.	Nicotine	34-42	glial cells missing transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
24300109-0	2014	Primary cultures of rat cortical microglia treated with nicotine increases in the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (GLAST) via the activation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	56-64	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
24300109-6	2014	Treatment of cortical microglia with nicotine led to a significant increase of GLAST mRNA expression and (14)C-glutamate uptake in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which were markedly inhibited by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nACh receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	37-45	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
24300109-7	2014	The nicotine-induced expression of GLAST mRNA and protein is mediated through an inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) depend intracellular pathway, since pretreatment with either xestospongin C, an IP3 receptor antagonist, or KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked GLAST expression.	Nicotine	4-12	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
24300109-7	2014	The nicotine-induced expression of GLAST mRNA and protein is mediated through an inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) depend intracellular pathway, since pretreatment with either xestospongin C, an IP3 receptor antagonist, or KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked GLAST expression.	Nicotine	4-12	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	312-317
24454942-9	2014	Nicotine treatment suppressed MMCs hyperplasia, enhanced MPO and upregulated mRNA expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the FA mice colon.	Nicotine	0-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	104-107
24851831-3	2014	OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pre- and postnatal nicotine exposure can augment CTGF expression and postnatal hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis.	Nicotine	51-59	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
24851831-10	2014	Pre- and postnatal nicotine exposure and neonatal hyperoxia exposure increased CTGF expression on postnatal days 7 and 21.	Nicotine	19-27	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
24851831-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: CTGF may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis induced by maternal nicotine and neonatal hyperoxia, and maternal nicotine exposure exacerbates neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis.	Nicotine	91-99	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
22550286-6	2012	However, it acted as a partial agonist on alpha6beta2* and alpha4beta2* nAChR-mediated [(3)H]dopamine release with maximal efficacies of 49 and 24%, respectively, compared with nicotine.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
22550286-9	2012	Functionally, it potently stimulated both alpha6beta2* (EC(50) = 0.014 muM) and alpha4beta2* (EC(50) = 0.029 muM) nAChR-mediated [(3)H]dopamine release from monkey striatal synaptosomes, again acting as a partial agonist relative to nicotine at both subtypes.	Nicotine	233-241	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
22480616-0	2012	Selective re-expression of beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse restores intravenous nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	139-147	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	27-32
22480616-1	2012	Beta-2 (beta2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits have been particularly related with nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	93-101	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-6
22480616-1	2012	Beta-2 (beta2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits have been particularly related with nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	93-101	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	8-13
22480616-3	2012	In this study we evaluated the role of ventral tegmental area (VTA) beta2 receptor subunits in the acquisition and maintenance of nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	130-138	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	68-73
22552933-10	2012	In 5/6Nx rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased urinary protein excretion (onefold), worsened the glomerular injury score and increased fibronectin (~ 50%), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; ~100%), and transforming growth factor-beta expression (~200%).	Nicotine	37-45	NADPH oxidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	179-194
22552933-10	2012	In 5/6Nx rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased urinary protein excretion (onefold), worsened the glomerular injury score and increased fibronectin (~ 50%), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; ~100%), and transforming growth factor-beta expression (~200%).	Nicotine	37-45	NADPH oxidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
17136517-3	2007	Similarly, genetic deletion of the beta2 nAChR subunit but not the alpha7 nAChR subunit blocked the enhancing effect of nicotine on contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	41-46
22676413-0	2012	Cytochrome P450-catalyzed degradation of nicotine: fundamental parameters determining hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 2A6 at the 5"-carbon or the n-methyl carbon.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	103-122
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	333-339
22713471-8	2012	The results showed that nicotine neutralized the effect of IL-1beta on chondrocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, to block IL-1beta-induced cell apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K (p70S6 kinase)/S6 pathway for promoting protein synthesis, modulating its downstream effectors such as TIMP-1 and MMP-13.	Nicotine	24-32	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Rattus norvegicus	344-350
24212240-8	2014	RESULTS: Prophylactic and delayed therapeutic application of nicotine, physostigmine, or neostigmine significantly attenuated the severity of acute pancreatitis 12 hours after the induction of severe necrotizing pancreatitis compared with untreated controls as evaluated with histological scores, myeloperoxidase, and high-mobility group box 1 levels (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	61-69	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	297-312
24446757-8	2014	CONCLUSION: Although preliminary, these findings suggest that exposure to environmental smoking and polymorphisms in the OPRM1 and DRD2 gene may affect initial sensitivity to nicotine, an early phenotype of the risk of dependence.	Nicotine	175-183	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
17136517-8	2007	RESULTS: Both contextual and trace cued fear conditioning were enhanced by nicotine administration in wild-type littermates and in alpha7 nAChR subunit knockout mice.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	138-143
24376645-10	2013	Activation of alpha7 nAChR by nicotine treatment activated wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, leading to osteogenic deficiency of hPDLSCs.	Nicotine	30-38	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-75
22552800-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR or 3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) has been used to phenotype CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	16-24	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
22552800-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR or 3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) has been used to phenotype CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
22525891-5	2012	Concomitant data in Drosophila reported that repetitive exposure to nicotine results in a calcium-dependent plasticity of the nAChR-mediated response involving cAMP signaling cascades and indicated that ACh-induced Ca++ currents are modulated by monoamines involved in aversive and appetitive learning.	Nicotine	68-76	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor beta1	Drosophila melanogaster	126-131
22503967-2	2012	In animals, both nAChR antagonists and immunization against nicotine can reduce nAChR activation by nicotine and block a variety of addiction-relevant behaviors.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
22503967-2	2012	In animals, both nAChR antagonists and immunization against nicotine can reduce nAChR activation by nicotine and block a variety of addiction-relevant behaviors.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
22503967-2	2012	In animals, both nAChR antagonists and immunization against nicotine can reduce nAChR activation by nicotine and block a variety of addiction-relevant behaviors.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
24358207-12	2013	Nicotine was sensed by nAChR and the signal was transduced by Sp1 which bound to the R3 region of LDLR gene.	Nicotine	0-8	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	98-102
24358207-14	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results suggested that nicotine might contribute to the development of both cardiovascular and periodontal diseases by inducing the LDLR in OECs thereby disturbing lipid metabolism.	Nicotine	56-64	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	165-169
24349346-5	2013	The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response was blocked by alpha-BgTx but not by DHbetaE and was mimicked by alpha7*nAChR agonists but not by non-alpha7*nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	125-137
24349346-5	2013	The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response was blocked by alpha-BgTx but not by DHbetaE and was mimicked by alpha7*nAChR agonists but not by non-alpha7*nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	162-174
24349346-7	2013	The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response required localized activation of CaMKII, phospholipase C, and IP3 receptor mediated Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR).	Nicotine	27-35	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha	Mus musculus	93-99
24349346-8	2013	In conclusion, activation of presynaptic nAChRs by nicotine elicits Ca(2+) influx into the presynaptic axons, the sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response requires that axonal alpha7*nAChR activate a downstream signaling network in the vHipp axons.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	191-203
24084318-5	2013	An involvement of MOR and DOR, but not KOR, in the development of nicotine physical dependence or in abstinence-induced withdrawal was thus demonstrated in a sensitive and facile invertebrate model.	Nicotine	66-74	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
22503967-9	2012	Nic311 alone produced a 24-48% reduction in % nicotine-lever responding (%NLR) across all four test sessions.	Nicotine	46-54	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
17164261-0	2007	Fine mapping of a linkage region on chromosome 17p13 reveals that GABARAP and DLG4 are associated with vulnerability to nicotine dependence in European-Americans.	Nicotine	120-128	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	66-73
24223920-14	2013	The data suggest that the beta2 subunit of the nAChR is critically involved in the nicotine-induced inhibition of these resident macrophages.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	47-52
17082486-5	2007	Transcriptional profiling identified gene expression programs which were concordantly regulated by all 3 angiogens (nicotine, VEGF, and bFGF), a notable feature of which includes corepression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), endogenous inhibitor of the redox regulator thioredoxin.	Nicotine	116-124	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	195-206
22699919-7	2012	Activation of beta2*-nAChRs by nicotine either in vivo or in organotypic slice culture quickly elevates the number of spines.	Nicotine	31-39	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	14-19
17122062-0	2006	The rewards of nicotine: regulation by tissue plasminogen activator-plasmin system through protease activated receptor-1.	Nicotine	15-23	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	91-120
22300039-2	2012	In addition, nicotine may blunt pro-inflammatory cytokine release, with prominent effects on T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines.	Nicotine	13-21	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	93-113
22462479-6	2012	Additionally, bath-application of nicotine activated beta2-containing nAChRs to promote LTP induction.	Nicotine	34-42	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	53-58
23712602-8	2013	RESULTS: dFBr and 5-iodo-A-85380 dose-dependently reduced nicotine self-administration without changing lever responses for food.	Nicotine	58-66	fbr	Drosophila melanogaster	9-13
23712602-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the effectiveness of dFBr in reducing nicotine intake and the inability of dFBr to support self-administration behavior.	Nicotine	78-86	fbr	Drosophila melanogaster	61-65
17122062-4	2006	Here we show that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release by activating protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1).	Nicotine	82-90	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	141-170
22462479-10	2012	Nicotine-induced enhancement of excitatory activity was observed in slices from alpha7 knockout mice, but was absent in beta2 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	120-125
22462479-11	2012	These results suggest that the nicotine-induced enhancement of excitatory activity is mediated by beta2-containing nAChRs, and is related to the nicotine-induced facilitation of LTP induction.	Nicotine	31-39	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	98-103
17122062-4	2006	Here we show that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasmin system regulates nicotine-induced reward and dopamine release by activating protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1).	Nicotine	82-90	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	172-176
23939187-0	2013	Choline transporter hemizygosity results in diminished basal extracellular dopamine levels in nucleus accumbens and blunts dopamine elevations following cocaine or nicotine.	Nicotine	164-172	solute carrier family 5 (choline transporter), member 7	Mus musculus	0-19
17122062-5	2006	In vivo microdialysis revealed that microinjection of either tPA or plasmin into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) significantly potentiated whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 reduced the nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	189-197	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	143-176
17122062-9	2006	Furthermore, we demonstrated that plasmin activated PAR1 and that nicotine-induced place preference and dopamine release were diminished in PAR1-deficient (PAR1-/-) mice.	Nicotine	66-74	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	140-144
17122062-9	2006	Furthermore, we demonstrated that plasmin activated PAR1 and that nicotine-induced place preference and dopamine release were diminished in PAR1-deficient (PAR1-/-) mice.	Nicotine	66-74	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	140-144
22308197-4	2012	Using receptor binding studies followed by immunoprecipitation of nAChR subunits, we showed that adolescent nicotine exposure, as compared with saline, caused an increase in mPFC nAChRs containing alpha4 or beta2 subunits (24 and 18%, respectively) 24 h after the last injection.	Nicotine	108-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
22191943-14	2012	These results argue in favor of the development of specific antagonists that block both AVP and CRH receptors to decrease the pleasurable component of nicotine, which may be mediated by corticosterone.	Nicotine	151-159	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	96-99
22261351-8	2012	Furthermore, the beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist (ICI 118,551; 100 nM) and beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonist (SR 59230A; 100 nM) inhibited the catecholamine release stimulated by isoproterenol and nicotine in chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	195-203	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	17-37
22182462-9	2012	Intra-CeA administration of the CRF1 receptor antagonist R278995/CRA0450 completely prevented the mecamylamine-induced elevations in brain reward thresholds in the nicotine-treated rats and did not affect the brain reward thresholds of the saline-treated control rats.	Nicotine	164-172	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
22348963-7	2012	The results showed that either hAmylin or nicotine individually caused a dose-dependent (1 nmol/L-20 micromol/L) membrane depolarization and an increase in firing frequency of DBB neurons.	Nicotine	42-50	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-11	Homo sapiens	96-100
23279317-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure to nicotine caused significant down-regulation in the expression of IL-10 (P = 0.046), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)alpha (P = 0.036), MCP-1 (P = 0.046), and GMCSF (P = 0.004) compared with the control untreated HUVECs.	Nicotine	21-29	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	155-160
23279317-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure to nicotine caused significant down-regulation in the expression of IL-10 (P = 0.046), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)alpha (P = 0.036), MCP-1 (P = 0.046), and GMCSF (P = 0.004) compared with the control untreated HUVECs.	Nicotine	21-29	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	178-183
23587498-9	2013	Chronic administration of nicotine to normal rats stimulated biliary proliferation and profibrotic gene and protein expression such as alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin 1.	Nicotine	26-34	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	135-160
23587498-9	2013	Chronic administration of nicotine to normal rats stimulated biliary proliferation and profibrotic gene and protein expression such as alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin 1.	Nicotine	26-34	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-178
22396410-3	2012	Striatal dopamine (DA) transmission is critical to the acquisition and maintenance of drug addiction and is modulated strongly by nicotine acting at heteromeric beta2-containing (beta2*) nAChRs.	Nicotine	130-138	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	161-166
17122062-10	2006	Targeting the tPA-plasmin-PAR1 system would provide new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	99-107	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	26-30
22396410-3	2012	Striatal dopamine (DA) transmission is critical to the acquisition and maintenance of drug addiction and is modulated strongly by nicotine acting at heteromeric beta2-containing (beta2*) nAChRs.	Nicotine	130-138	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	179-184
16982626-3	2006	Here we found that specific disruption of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity by expression of SV40 small tumor antigen up-regulates phosphorylation of mu- and m-calpains whereas C2-ceramide, a potent PP2A activator, reduces nicotine-induced calpain phosphorylation, suggesting that PP2A may function as a physiological calpain phosphatase.	Nicotine	228-236	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	50-64
22323734-2	2012	Nicotine-induced upregulation is the long-lasting increase in nAChR radioligand binding sites in brain resulting from exposure.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
22323734-5	2012	Using live rat cortical neurons, we examined for the first time how exposure and withdrawal of nicotine shape the kinetics of native alpha4beta2-containing nAChR upregulation in real time.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
22042774-3	2012	We undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes in African American and European American nicotine-dependent smokers and smokers without symptoms of dependence.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-123
22188668-8	2012	The nicotinic agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, and its nitrosated carcinogenic derivative NNK induced the phosphorylation of CREB, ERK, Src, and AKT and these responses were inhibited by propranolol.	Nicotine	38-46	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
23958943-12	2013	These data suggest that disruption of alpha5* nAChR signaling greatly expands the range of nicotine doses that facilitate brain reward activity, which may help explain the increased tobacco addiction vulnerability associated with CHRNA5 risk alleles.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	46-51
23624371-1	2013	The present study examined whether nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus and medial septum (MS) are involved in cross state-dependent memory retrieval between WIN55, 212-2 (WIN, a non-selective CB1/CB2 receptor agonist) and nicotine or ethanol.	Nicotine	274-282	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	85-88
23624371-6	2013	Pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of nicotine (1 and 2mug/mouse) before systemic administration of an ineffective dose of nicotine (0.5mg/kg, s.c.) or ethanol (0.25g/kg) significantly reversed WIN-induced memory impairment.	Nicotine	37-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	15-18
23624371-7	2013	Pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of mecamylamine (1 and 3mug/mouse) inhibited cross state-dependent memory between WIN and nicotine or ethanol.	Nicotine	124-132	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	15-18
23458267-2	2013	Recently, rare variants (MAF &lt; 0.05) in CHRNB4 have been reported to be associated with a decreased risk of developing nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-49
16982626-3	2006	Here we found that specific disruption of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity by expression of SV40 small tumor antigen up-regulates phosphorylation of mu- and m-calpains whereas C2-ceramide, a potent PP2A activator, reduces nicotine-induced calpain phosphorylation, suggesting that PP2A may function as a physiological calpain phosphatase.	Nicotine	228-236	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	66-70
16982626-6	2006	Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A/C) suppresses nicotine-stimulated phosphorylation of mu- and m-calpains, which is associated with inhibition of calpain activity, wound healing, cell migration, and invasion.	Nicotine	65-73	protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	22-44
21521420-11	2012	These findings indicate that cannabinoid CB1-receptor stimulation increases the reinforcing effects of nicotine and precipitates relapse to nicotine-seeking behaviour in abstinent subjects.	Nicotine	103-111	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
16982626-6	2006	Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A/C) suppresses nicotine-stimulated phosphorylation of mu- and m-calpains, which is associated with inhibition of calpain activity, wound healing, cell migration, and invasion.	Nicotine	65-73	protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	46-52
21521420-11	2012	These findings indicate that cannabinoid CB1-receptor stimulation increases the reinforcing effects of nicotine and precipitates relapse to nicotine-seeking behaviour in abstinent subjects.	Nicotine	140-148	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
21521420-12	2012	Thus, modulating CB1-receptor signalling might have therapeutic value for treating nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
22382327-1	2012	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) catalyzes important metabolic reactions of many xenobiotic compounds, including coumarin, nicotine, cotinine, and clinical drugs.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
22382327-1	2012	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) catalyzes important metabolic reactions of many xenobiotic compounds, including coumarin, nicotine, cotinine, and clinical drugs.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
22382327-9	2012	In the case of nicotine 5-oxidation, the CYP2A6*19 variant exhibited an increased K(m) value, whereas CYP2A6*18 and *35 showed much greater decreases in k(cat) values.	Nicotine	15-23	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
22382327-9	2012	In the case of nicotine 5-oxidation, the CYP2A6*19 variant exhibited an increased K(m) value, whereas CYP2A6*18 and *35 showed much greater decreases in k(cat) values.	Nicotine	15-23	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	102-108
23579386-6	2013	Interestingly, at the subthresold doses, flunarizine, nicardipine, amlodipine, verapamil, and bupropion, a nAChR antagonist, significantly reversed the nicotine improvement of memory acquisition, while flunarizine, verapamil, and bupropion attenuated the improvement of memory consolidation provoked by an acute injection of nicotine (0.035 mg/kg, s.c.).	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	107-112
23192463-5	2013	This study investigates the combined effect of in utero exposure to nicotine and hypoxia on neuronal and glial elements in the hippocampal CA1 field.	Nicotine	68-76	carbonic anhydrase 1	Cavia porcellus	139-142
23192463-9	2013	Further investigation into the effects of in utero nicotine exposure revealed that both GFAP-ir and NeuN-ir in the CA1 field were significantly reduced in adulthood.	Nicotine	51-59	carbonic anhydrase 1	Cavia porcellus	115-118
23875064-1	2013	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster on chromosome 15q25.1 encoding the cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunits is robustly associated with smoking behavior and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-24
23524566-6	2013	The nicotine-induced theta activity was also inhibited selectively by non-alpha7*nAChR antagonists, suggesting the presence of these receptor types on GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron populations in the MSDB.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-80
22508055-0	2012	Effects of nicotine on PTHrP and PTHrP receptor expression in rat coronary endothelial cells.	Nicotine	11-19	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
22508055-1	2012	AIMS: The study was aimed to investigate whether nicotine affects endothelial expression of PTHrP and PTHrP receptor, a peptide system involved in endothelial protection against apoptosis.	Nicotine	49-57	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
23524566-6	2013	The nicotine-induced theta activity was also inhibited selectively by non-alpha7*nAChR antagonists, suggesting the presence of these receptor types on GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron populations in the MSDB.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-86
17156201-10	2006	Nicotine-induced signals reflected the hydrolysis of ACh by endogenous acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as inhibition of the enzyme following perfusion with neostigmine (10 microm) attenuated the signal (40-94%).	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	71-91
23067581-6	2013	Increasing doses of nicotine resulted in significant decreases in Bdnf/BDNF promoter specific H3K9me2 binding, leading to enhanced Bdnf/BDNF transcription.	Nicotine	20-28	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	66-70
23067581-6	2013	Increasing doses of nicotine resulted in significant decreases in Bdnf/BDNF promoter specific H3K9me2 binding, leading to enhanced Bdnf/BDNF transcription.	Nicotine	20-28	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	71-75
23067581-6	2013	Increasing doses of nicotine resulted in significant decreases in Bdnf/BDNF promoter specific H3K9me2 binding, leading to enhanced Bdnf/BDNF transcription.	Nicotine	20-28	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	131-135
23067581-6	2013	Increasing doses of nicotine resulted in significant decreases in Bdnf/BDNF promoter specific H3K9me2 binding, leading to enhanced Bdnf/BDNF transcription.	Nicotine	20-28	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	136-140
23691092-0	2013	Associations of prenatal nicotine exposure and the dopamine related genes ANKK1 and DRD2 to verbal language.	Nicotine	25-33	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
22508055-1	2012	AIMS: The study was aimed to investigate whether nicotine affects endothelial expression of PTHrP and PTHrP receptor, a peptide system involved in endothelial protection against apoptosis.	Nicotine	49-57	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
22508055-7	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine induced PTHrP protein expression at nanomolar levels and small increases of PTHrP release ( 8%).	Nicotine	9-17	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
22508055-7	2012	RESULTS: Nicotine induced PTHrP protein expression at nanomolar levels and small increases of PTHrP release ( 8%).	Nicotine	9-17	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
22508055-8	2012	Antagonists directed against the alpha7 subunit of cholinergic receptors, the most prominent isoform, attenuated nicotine-dependent increases of PTHrP expression.	Nicotine	113-121	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
22508055-10	2012	Nicotine at micromolar concentrations reduced PTHrP receptor expression.	Nicotine	0-8	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
22508055-12	2012	CONCLUSION: Nicotine induces PTHrP expression in endothelial cells but excessive concentrations of nicotine reduce PTHrP receptor expression thereby attenuating any protective effects of PTHrP against apoptosis.	Nicotine	12-20	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
22508055-12	2012	CONCLUSION: Nicotine induces PTHrP expression in endothelial cells but excessive concentrations of nicotine reduce PTHrP receptor expression thereby attenuating any protective effects of PTHrP against apoptosis.	Nicotine	99-107	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
22508055-12	2012	CONCLUSION: Nicotine induces PTHrP expression in endothelial cells but excessive concentrations of nicotine reduce PTHrP receptor expression thereby attenuating any protective effects of PTHrP against apoptosis.	Nicotine	99-107	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
23691092-10	2013	Our association of ANKK1/DRD2 further implicates the role of nicotine-related pathways and dopamine signaling in language processing, particularly in comprehension and phonological memory.	Nicotine	61-69	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
23216389-0	2013	Genome-wide significant association signals in IPO11-HTR1A region specific for alcohol and nicotine codependence.	Nicotine	91-99	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	53-58
23216389-7	2013	RESULTS: We identified a significant risk region for alcohol and nicotine codependence between IPO11 and HTR1A on chromosome 5q that was reported to be suggestively associated with alcohol dependence previously.	Nicotine	65-73	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	105-110
17156201-10	2006	Nicotine-induced signals reflected the hydrolysis of ACh by endogenous acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as inhibition of the enzyme following perfusion with neostigmine (10 microm) attenuated the signal (40-94%).	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
23216389-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that this IPO11-HTR1A region might harbor a causal variant for alcohol and nicotine codependence.	Nicotine	101-109	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	42-47
23290502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic studies implicate a significant role of genes encoding the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and the 5-HT3AB subunits HTR3A and HTR3B in nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	160-168	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	Homo sapiens	151-156
22878700-0	2012	Nicotine modulation of factor VII activating protease (FSAP) expression in human monocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	hyaluronan binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	23-53
22878700-0	2012	Nicotine modulation of factor VII activating protease (FSAP) expression in human monocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	hyaluronan binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
22878700-3	2012	In this respect, the aim of this study was to quantify nicotine modulation of FSAP expression in human monocytes/macrophages isolated from healthy female smokers and non-smokers, and from women who use OCs and smoke.	Nicotine	55-63	hyaluronan binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
22878700-9	2012	Nicotine enhanced FSAP mRNA and protein levels in monocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	hyaluronan binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
22878700-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Monocytes from healthy female smokers show a constitutively enhanced FSAP expression and this effect could be replicated in vitro by stimulating monocytes with nicotine.	Nicotine	173-181	hyaluronan binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
22878700-11	2012	The upregulation of FSAP due to nicotine and OC usage may be linked to a higher incidence of arteriothromboembolic diseases related to their usage.	Nicotine	32-40	hyaluronan binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
23512588-16	2013	CONCLUSION: Cotinine, a main metabolite of nicotine, has harmful effects on SCI via GFAP and CNP expression.	Nicotine	43-51	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
17156213-0	2006	Nicotine withdrawal suppresses nicotinic modulation of long-term potentiation induction in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
17156213-1	2006	We have previously reported that acute and chronic nicotine exposure lower the threshold for long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in the rat hippocampal CA1 region, and acute application of nicotine in the chronic-nicotine-treated hippocampus further reduces the threshold.	Nicotine	51-59	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
23554501-6	2013	Accordingly, in vivo production of endogenous PPARalpha ligands, triggered by alpha7-nAChR activation, blocks in rats nicotine-induced increased firing activity of dopamine neurons and displays antidepressant-like properties.	Nicotine	118-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	46-55
23149578-1	2012	Nicotine- and tar-free cigarette smoke extract (CSE) is reported to induce cell damage via activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in rat C6 glioma cells.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
16901939-5	2006	However, alpha7* but not beta2* receptors were essential in nicotine-induced increase of interictal discharge frequency recorded after postnatal day 3 in the presence of bicuculline, when GABA shifted from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction.	Nicotine	60-68	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	9-15
23275008-0	2013	beta-cryptoxanthin restores nicotine-reduced lung SIRT1 to normal levels and inhibits nicotine-promoted lung tumorigenesis and emphysema in A/J mice.	Nicotine	28-36	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	50-55
23275008-3	2013	This tumor-promoting effect of nicotine was accompanied by significant reductions in survival probability and lung Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, which has been proposed as a tumor suppressor.	Nicotine	31-39	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	115-124
16873411-0	2006	Nicotine-induced enhancement of synaptic plasticity at CA3-CA1 synapses requires GABAergic interneurons in adult anti-NGF mice.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	59-62
23275008-3	2013	This tumor-promoting effect of nicotine was accompanied by significant reductions in survival probability and lung Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, which has been proposed as a tumor suppressor.	Nicotine	31-39	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	126-131
23275008-7	2013	Moreover, BCX supplementation restored the nicotine-suppressed expression of lung SIRT1, p53, and RAR-beta to that of the control group, increased survival probability, and decreased the levels of lung il-6 mRNA and phosphorylation of AKT.	Nicotine	43-51	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	82-87
23275008-7	2013	Moreover, BCX supplementation restored the nicotine-suppressed expression of lung SIRT1, p53, and RAR-beta to that of the control group, increased survival probability, and decreased the levels of lung il-6 mRNA and phosphorylation of AKT.	Nicotine	43-51	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	89-92
22127290-7	2012	In isolated CB cells the nAChR agonists nicotine, acetylcholine and cytisine all evoke inward currents with similar potencies.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
23300696-5	2012	Strikingly, this chronic nicotine-induced locomotor hyperactivity (cNILH) was abolished in Decapping Protein 2 or 1 (Dcp2 or Dcp1) -deficient flies, while only Dcp2-deficient flies exhibited higher basal levels of locomotor activity than controls.	Nicotine	25-33	Death caspase-1	Drosophila melanogaster	125-129
22705310-0	2013	The role of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition in nicotine reward and dependence.	Nicotine	53-61	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	23-38
16207390-11	2006	Moreover, MAOA gene haplotypes were associated significantly with nicotine dependence in every group.	Nicotine	66-74	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	10-14
22614008-0	2013	Nicotine/cigarette smoke promotes metastasis of pancreatic cancer through alpha7nAChR-mediated MUC4 upregulation.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-85
22614008-0	2013	Nicotine/cigarette smoke promotes metastasis of pancreatic cancer through alpha7nAChR-mediated MUC4 upregulation.	Nicotine	0-8	mucin 4	Mus musculus	95-99
22614008-3	2013	Interestingly, here we explore a potential link between MUC4 expression and smoking-mediated PC pathogenesis and report that both cigarette smoke extract and nicotine, which is the major component of CS, significantly upregulates MUC4 in PC cells.	Nicotine	158-166	mucin 4	Mus musculus	56-60
22614008-3	2013	Interestingly, here we explore a potential link between MUC4 expression and smoking-mediated PC pathogenesis and report that both cigarette smoke extract and nicotine, which is the major component of CS, significantly upregulates MUC4 in PC cells.	Nicotine	158-166	mucin 4	Mus musculus	230-234
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	mucin 4	Mus musculus	23-27
23226481-0	2012	Nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal signs are attenuated in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	74-120
23226481-0	2012	Nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal signs are attenuated in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV knockout mice.	Nicotine	30-38	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	74-120
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	205-213	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	31-77
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	205-213	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	79-85
23049750-5	2012	Imputation of the CYP2A6 locus revealed that haplotypes underlying the CNP and the SNP corresponded to classical, functional alleles of CYP2A6 gene that regulate nicotine metabolism and explained 2% of the phenotypic variance of CPD (ANOVA F-test P=9.5 x 10(-52)).	Nicotine	162-170	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	18-24
23049750-5	2012	Imputation of the CYP2A6 locus revealed that haplotypes underlying the CNP and the SNP corresponded to classical, functional alleles of CYP2A6 gene that regulate nicotine metabolism and explained 2% of the phenotypic variance of CPD (ANOVA F-test P=9.5 x 10(-52)).	Nicotine	162-170	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	136-142
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	107-112
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	159-163
22614008-4	2013	This nicotine-mediated MUC4 overexpression was via the alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling cascade in cooperation with the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway; this effect was blocked by the alpha7nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine, and by specific siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	274-285
23486955-6	2013	Since nAChR subunits are differentially expressed across layers of the PFC neuronal network, we hypothesized that cholinergic signaling through nAChRs across layers would suffer differentially from exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	210-218	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	6-11
21896278-0	2011	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) microinfusions into the nucleus accumbens shell or ventral tegmental area attenuate the reinforcing effects of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	198-206	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	0-33
16207390-12	2006	In conclusion, there is an important association between MAOA polymorphisms and smoking status, suggesting a possible role of MAOA gene variants in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	148-156	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	57-61
16207390-12	2006	In conclusion, there is an important association between MAOA polymorphisms and smoking status, suggesting a possible role of MAOA gene variants in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	148-156	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	126-130
16960700-0	2006	Association of OPRM1 A118G variant with the relative reinforcing value of nicotine.	Nicotine	74-82	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
21990022-0	2011	Gestational IV nicotine produces elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system of adolescent rat offspring.	Nicotine	15-23	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-75
21990022-3	2011	In this experiment, a novel intravenous (IV) exposure model was used to determine if gestational nicotine (GN) treatment produced alterations in methamphetamine-induced sensitization and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system of adolescent offspring.	Nicotine	97-105	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	205-238
21990022-3	2011	In this experiment, a novel intravenous (IV) exposure model was used to determine if gestational nicotine (GN) treatment produced alterations in methamphetamine-induced sensitization and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system of adolescent offspring.	Nicotine	97-105	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	240-244
23314871-0	2013	Silencing of periostin inhibits nicotine-mediated tumor cell growth             and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	32-40	periostin	Homo sapiens	13-22
23314871-3	2013	Here, we investigated the roles of periostin in the lung cancer             cell proliferation, drug resistance, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition             (EMT) induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	189-197	periostin	Homo sapiens	35-44
23314871-12	2013	Nicotine upregulated the periostin             protein levels in the A549 cells and this upregulation was not blocked by the             generalized nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, hexamethonium.	Nicotine	0-8	periostin	Homo sapiens	25-34
23314871-13	2013	In conclusion, periostin is one of the targets regulated by nicotine in lung cancer             cells and is involved in the cancer cell growth, drug resistance, invasion and             EMT induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	60-68	periostin	Homo sapiens	15-24
23314871-13	2013	In conclusion, periostin is one of the targets regulated by nicotine in lung cancer             cells and is involved in the cancer cell growth, drug resistance, invasion and             EMT induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	202-210	periostin	Homo sapiens	15-24
23204070-2	2013	Studies have shown that cigarette smoke and nicotine are factors that induce Wnt/beta-catenin activation, which is a pathway that has also been implicated in EMT.	Nicotine	44-52	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	81-93
21884524-6	2011	Pre-treatment with selective alpha7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) antagonist (methyllycaconitine), but not the alpha4 nAChR antagonist (dihydro-beta-erythroidine), could prevent the neuroprotective effect of nicotine on AIF release/translocation, suggesting that nicotine inhibits the caspase-independent death pathway in a alpha7 nAChR-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	217-225	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
21884524-6	2011	Pre-treatment with selective alpha7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) antagonist (methyllycaconitine), but not the alpha4 nAChR antagonist (dihydro-beta-erythroidine), could prevent the neuroprotective effect of nicotine on AIF release/translocation, suggesting that nicotine inhibits the caspase-independent death pathway in a alpha7 nAChR-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	272-280	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
21884524-9	2011	These findings indicate that the alpha7 nAChR activation and PI3K/Akt transduction signaling contribute to the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against Abeta-induced cell death by modulating caspase-independent death pathways.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
23204070-3	2013	The main aim of this study was to test whether human bronchial epithelial cells are able to undergo EMT in vitro following nicotine stimulation via the Wnt3a/beta-catenin signaling pathway.	Nicotine	123-131	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	158-170
23204070-4	2013	We show that nicotine activates the Wnt3a signal pathway, which leads to the translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus and activation of beta-catenin/Tcf-dependent transcription in the human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) line.	Nicotine	13-21	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	94-106
23204070-4	2013	We show that nicotine activates the Wnt3a signal pathway, which leads to the translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus and activation of beta-catenin/Tcf-dependent transcription in the human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) line.	Nicotine	13-21	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-154
23204070-9	2013	These results suggest that HBECs are able to undergo EMT in vitro upon nicotine stimulation via the Wnt3a/beta-catenin signaling pathway.	Nicotine	71-79	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	106-118
21799193-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine significantly potentiated the convulsive action of KA acid and reduced the CD50 (95% confidence limits [CL]) value for KA from 2.6 mg/kg (2.3-3.1) to 1.4 mg/kg (0.9-2.1), intraperitoneally (i.p.).	Nicotine	9-17	intercellular adhesion molecule 5, telencephalin	Mus musculus	93-97
21747048-1	2011	Genetic variations in the CYP2A6 nicotine metabolic gene and the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (CHRNA5-A3-B4) nicotinic gene cluster have been independently associated with lung cancer.	Nicotine	33-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
21747048-5	2011	Cigarette consumption (P &lt; .001) and nicotine dependence (P = .036) were the highest in the combined CYP2A6 normal metabolizers and CHRNA5-A3-B4 AA (tag single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1051730 G&gt;A) risk group.	Nicotine	40-48	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	104-110
21747048-7	2011	Variation in CYP2A6 and CHRNA5-A3-B4 was independently and additively associated with increased cigarette consumption, nicotine dependence, and lung cancer risk.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
23103711-11	2013	Moreover, striatal BDNF may play a critical role in nicotine-induced alterations in cognitive flexibility.	Nicotine	52-60	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	19-23
16960700-6	2006	RESULTS: The relative reinforcing value of nicotine (number of nicotine cigarette puffs) was predicted by a significant OPRM1 by gender interaction.	Nicotine	43-51	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
16960700-6	2006	RESULTS: The relative reinforcing value of nicotine (number of nicotine cigarette puffs) was predicted by a significant OPRM1 by gender interaction.	Nicotine	63-71	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
22046460-1	2011	Drosophila tao, encoding a Ste20 family kinase, was identified as a gene involved in ethanol, cocaine and nicotine sensitivity.	Nicotine	106-114	Tao	Drosophila melanogaster	11-14
16960700-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial evidence for an association of the OPRM1 A118G variant with nicotine reinforcement in women.	Nicotine	101-109	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
21597011-8	2011	Oral nicotine administration reduced inflammation within the myocardium, decreased the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, RANTES, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.	Nicotine	5-13	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	184-218
23221678-5	2013	Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and alkaloid analyses revealed that reducing NtMTHFR expression by RNA interference dramatically induced CYP82E4 expression, resulting in higher nicotine-to-nornicotine conversion rates.	Nicotine	194-202	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	154-161
23221678-6	2013	Conversely, overexpressing NtMTHFR1 suppressed CYP82E4 expression, leading to lower nicotine-to-nornicotine conversion rates.	Nicotine	84-92	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	47-54
16482470-10	2006	Brainstem and cerebellum of female offspring from mothers treated with nicotine or chlorpyrifos, alone or in combination showed increased AChE activity, whereas brainstem of male offspring from mothers treated with nicotine alone or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed increase in AChE activity.	Nicotine	71-79	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
23221678-8	2013	Our finding reveals a new regulatory role of NtMTHFR1 in nicotine N-demethylation and suggests that the negative regulation of CYP82E4 expression may serve to recruit methyl groups from nicotine into the C1 pool under C1-deficient conditions.	Nicotine	186-194	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	127-134
24553000-4	2013	These alternative pathways of neurotransmitter synthesis may also become more efficient when the CYP2D enzyme is mutated or activated by inducers (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, psychotropics), which may be of importance in some neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases.	Nicotine	162-170	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	97-102
21597011-8	2011	Oral nicotine administration reduced inflammation within the myocardium, decreased the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, RANTES, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.	Nicotine	5-13	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	220-257
21091651-4	2011	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar-Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin-specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)-selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)-specific inhibitor.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
21091651-4	2011	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar-Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin-specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)-selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)-specific inhibitor.	Nicotine	46-54	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	311-326
21091651-4	2011	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar-Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin-specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)-selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)-specific inhibitor.	Nicotine	46-54	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	357-369
21091651-4	2011	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar-Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin-specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)-selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)-specific inhibitor.	Nicotine	46-54	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	371-375
21091651-6	2011	This depressor effect of nicotine was attenuated after pretreatment with a nAChR antagonist or blockers of the calmodulin-eNOS pathway.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
21330654-13	2011	NT, which did not result in either cell death or proliferation, induced beta1 nAchR, upregulated VEGF, and downregulated PEDF expression through nAChR in ARPE-19 cells.	Nicotine	0-2	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
21412223-6	2011	Nicotine selectively increased c-fos mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens shell and basolateral amygdala in adolescent, but not adult animals, and altered serotonin markers in these regions as well as the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	101-117	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	57-76
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	101-117	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	101-117	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	192-198
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	172-188	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	57-76
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	172-188	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
21513309-1	2011	A series of computational methods were used to study how cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) interacts with (S)-(-)-nicotine, demonstrating that the dominant molecular species of (S)-(-)-nicotine in CYP2A6 active site exists in the free base state (with two conformations, SR(t) and SR(c)), despite the fact that the protonated state is dominant for the free ligand in solution.	Nicotine	172-188	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	192-198
21513309-2	2011	The computational results reveal that the dominant pathway of nicotine metabolism in CYP2A6 is through nicotine free base oxidation.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	85-91
23469004-4	2013	Nicotine exposure impairs the ability of NK cells to kill target cells and release cytokines, a process that is largely abrogated by nAChR beta2 deficiency.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	133-138
23469004-6	2013	This nAChR subtype also plays a large role in the NK cell-mediated control of melanoma lung metastasis, in a murine lung metastasis model exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	5-10
23469004-7	2013	Our findings suggest nAChR beta2 as a prominent pathway for nicotine induced impairment of NK cell functions which contributes to the occurrence of smoking-related pathologies.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	21-26
21513309-2	2011	The computational results reveal that the dominant pathway of nicotine metabolism in CYP2A6 is through nicotine free base oxidation.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	85-91
16482470-10	2006	Brainstem and cerebellum of female offspring from mothers treated with nicotine or chlorpyrifos, alone or in combination showed increased AChE activity, whereas brainstem of male offspring from mothers treated with nicotine alone or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed increase in AChE activity.	Nicotine	71-79	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	295-299
21513309-3	2011	Further, first-principles quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical free energy (QM/MM-FE) calculations were carried out to uncover the detailed reaction pathways for the CYP2A6-catalyzed nicotine 5"-hydroxylation reaction.	Nicotine	186-194	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	169-175
16482470-11	2006	Also, male offspring exposed in utero to nicotine exhibited increased AChE activity.	Nicotine	41-49	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
21513309-5	2011	CYP2A6-catalyzed (S)-(-)-nicotine 5"-hydroxylation consists of two reaction steps, that is, the hydrogen transfer from the 5"-position of (S)-(-)-nicotine to the oxygen of Cpd I (the H-transfer step), followed by the recombination of the (S)-(-)-nicotine moiety with the iron-bound hydroxyl group to generate the 5"-hydroxynicotine product (the O-rebound step).	Nicotine	17-33	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16482470-14	2006	These results indicate that in utero exposure to nicotine and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination produced significant sensorimotor deficits in male and female offspring, differential increase in brain AChE activity, a decrease in the surviving neurons and an increased expression of GFAP in cerebellum in adult offspring rats at a corresponding human adult age.	Nicotine	49-57	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	205-209
21513309-5	2011	CYP2A6-catalyzed (S)-(-)-nicotine 5"-hydroxylation consists of two reaction steps, that is, the hydrogen transfer from the 5"-position of (S)-(-)-nicotine to the oxygen of Cpd I (the H-transfer step), followed by the recombination of the (S)-(-)-nicotine moiety with the iron-bound hydroxyl group to generate the 5"-hydroxynicotine product (the O-rebound step).	Nicotine	138-154	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16772172-3	2006	We recorded, in vivo, the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA of anaesthetized wt and nAChR knockout mice and their response to nicotine injections.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-111
21513309-5	2011	CYP2A6-catalyzed (S)-(-)-nicotine 5"-hydroxylation consists of two reaction steps, that is, the hydrogen transfer from the 5"-position of (S)-(-)-nicotine to the oxygen of Cpd I (the H-transfer step), followed by the recombination of the (S)-(-)-nicotine moiety with the iron-bound hydroxyl group to generate the 5"-hydroxynicotine product (the O-rebound step).	Nicotine	138-154	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
21555077-1	2011	Nicotine dependence is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNB4-CHRNA3-CHRNA5 gene cluster encoding the alpha3beta4alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	86-92
16707114-0	2006	Nicotine modulates expression of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in mouse brain and in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	33-58
16707114-6	2006	These findings suggest that nicotine treatment facilitates the increase in the expression of mRNA and protein of the APP and APLP2 genes in rat brain and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Nicotine	28-36	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
21355041-0	2011	PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone prevents perinatal nicotine exposure-induced asthma in rat offspring.	Nicotine	51-59	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
21355041-3	2011	Recently, we suggested that downregulation of homeostatic mesenchymal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) signaling following in utero nicotine exposure might contribute to chronic lung diseases such as asthma.	Nicotine	160-168	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
16644474-7	2006	Our study here provides the information of decrease effect of mER-mediated estrogen through Ca2+ and ERK1/2, p38 MAPK signaling pathway on nicotine-stimulated expression of surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs.	Nicotine	139-147	MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	62-65
21232049-2	2011	Previous results show that the alpha6beta2* nAChR antagonist, N,N"-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB) inhibits nicotine-evoked dopamine release from dorsal striatum and decreases nicotine self-administration in rats.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
21232049-2	2011	Previous results show that the alpha6beta2* nAChR antagonist, N,N"-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB) inhibits nicotine-evoked dopamine release from dorsal striatum and decreases nicotine self-administration in rats.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
16644474-7	2006	Our study here provides the information of decrease effect of mER-mediated estrogen through Ca2+ and ERK1/2, p38 MAPK signaling pathway on nicotine-stimulated expression of surface/soluble VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs.	Nicotine	139-147	selectin E	Homo sapiens	200-210
16652343-7	2006	Moreover, nicotine modulation of LPS-induced TNF release was also blocked by xestospongin C. Upon LPS stimulation, inhibition of TNF release by nicotine was associated with the suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation, which regulate the post-transcriptional steps of TNF synthesis.	Nicotine	10-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
19464074-0	2011	Chronic nicotine restores normal Abeta levels and prevents short-term memory and E-LTP impairment in Abeta rat model of Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	8-16	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
16530419-1	2006	Electrophysiological recording reveals that chronic nicotine treatment prevents stress-induced impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of anesthetized rats.	Nicotine	52-60	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
19464074-0	2011	Chronic nicotine restores normal Abeta levels and prevents short-term memory and E-LTP impairment in Abeta rat model of Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	8-16	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
16530419-2	2006	We investigated the molecular mechanism of this action of nicotine in the CA1 region.	Nicotine	58-66	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
19464074-3	2011	The three approaches of the current study evaluated the effects of chronic nicotine treatment in the prevention of Abeta-induced impairment of learning and short-term memory.	Nicotine	75-83	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
19464074-6	2011	The effect of nicotine (2 mg/(kg day)) on Abeta-induced spatial learning and memory impairments was assessed by evaluation of performance in the radial arm water maze (RAWM), in vivo electrophysiological recordings of early-phase long-term potentiation (E-LTP) in urethane-anesthetized rats, and immunoblot analysis to determine changes in the levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE), Abeta and memory-related proteins.	Nicotine	14-22	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
16536909-7	2006	Moreover, we suggest that CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 are key players in the metabolism to cotinine of nicotine in rat LMECs using the respective enzyme inhibitors (tranylcypromine and troleandomycine).	Nicotine	94-102	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	26-33
19464074-7	2011	The results indicate that 6 weeks of nicotine treatment reduced the levels of Abeta(1-40) and BACE1 peptides in hippocampal area CA1 and prevented Abeta-induced impairment of learning and short-term memory.	Nicotine	37-45	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
19464074-7	2011	The results indicate that 6 weeks of nicotine treatment reduced the levels of Abeta(1-40) and BACE1 peptides in hippocampal area CA1 and prevented Abeta-induced impairment of learning and short-term memory.	Nicotine	37-45	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
19464074-8	2011	Chronic nicotine also prevented the Abeta-induced inhibition of basal synaptic transmission and LTP in hippocampal area CA1.	Nicotine	8-16	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
16001112-13	2006	Changes in nicotine sensitivity occurred both in the presence (beta2+/+) and absence (beta2-/-) of beta2* nAChRs and suggest that mechanisms involving both beta2* and non-beta2* nAChR subtypes modulate adaptation to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	11-19	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-111
19464074-10	2011	These effects of nicotine may be due, at least in part, to upregulation of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	17-25	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	75-107
19464074-10	2011	These effects of nicotine may be due, at least in part, to upregulation of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	17-25	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
21232875-3	2011	RESULTS: Both alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence were associated with increased likelihood of symptoms that seem to tap tolerance for nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
16416156-0	2006	The beta2 but not alpha7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is required for nicotine-conditioned place preference in mice.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	40-72
21239632-4	2011	An analysis of the phenotype of isolated brain microvessels after nicotine exposure indicated higher expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-18), chemokines (CCL2 and CX(3)CL1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectins), and this was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration into brain during ischemia/reperfusion (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	66-74	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	195-199
16416156-7	2006	RESULTS: We have demonstrated that a pretreatment with the alpha4beta2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) blocked nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) CPP in wild-type mice (C57BL/6 mice).	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	86-118
16416156-7	2006	RESULTS: We have demonstrated that a pretreatment with the alpha4beta2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) blocked nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) CPP in wild-type mice (C57BL/6 mice).	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	120-125
20552314-4	2011	NF and GFAP directed flow cytometry was able to identify several of the test chemicals as being specifically neurotoxic (chloroquine, nicotine) or astrocytoxic (atropine, chloramphenicol) via quantification of cell death in the NT2.N/A model at cytotoxic concentrations using the resazurin cytotoxicity assay.	Nicotine	134-142	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	7-11
16416156-10	2006	CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data suggest that the beta2 subunit of the nAChR is critically involved in nicotine reward as measured by CPP.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	77-82
21192967-3	2011	This study used adult female Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the efficacy of D-cycloserine, a partial NMDA glutamate receptor agonist, in reducing nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	147-155	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	102-125
21191315-8	2011	CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that (i) bipolar disorder does not modify the association between nicotine dependence and nicotinic receptor subunit genes, and (ii) variants in CHRNB3/CHRNA6 are independently associated with bipolar disorder.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-190
16480493-11	2006	Pre-ischemic treatment of mice with DMPP or nicotine significantly decreased plasma-ALT and cytokines after 3 h of reperfusion.	Nicotine	44-52	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	84-87
21278726-2	2011	Here we report markedly increased nicotine intake in mice with a null mutation in Chrna5.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	82-88
16257255-5	2006	They also inhibited the surface/soluble VCAM-1, E-selectin production of HUVECs modulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	selectin E	Homo sapiens	48-58
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	34-42	selectin E	Homo sapiens	77-87
16257255-6	2006	Therefore, we concluded that: (i) nicotine obviously up-regulates VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression at 15 min in HUVECs, (ii) nicotine activates HUVECs triggered by the ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation with an involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization chiefly mediated by alpha7 nicotinic receptor, (iii) intracellular Ca2+ activates a sequential pathway from alpha7 nicotinic receptor to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38.	Nicotine	125-133	selectin E	Homo sapiens	77-87
16149045-5	2005	Nicotine administration (10(-6) M) stimulated cell cycle entry marked by increased DNA synthesis, PCNA and cyclin D1 production, and increased cell division.	Nicotine	0-8	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	98-102
16354194-3	2005	SLURP-1 ligated the conventional ligand-binding site of KC nAChR, showing a higher affinity to the [(3)H]nicotine-, compared with the [(3)H]epibatidine-sensitive nAChR.	Nicotine	105-113	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
16288530-0	2005	Regioselective C-2 and C-6 substitution of (S)-nicotine and nicotine derivatives.	Nicotine	43-55	complement C2	Homo sapiens	15-18
16288530-0	2005	Regioselective C-2 and C-6 substitution of (S)-nicotine and nicotine derivatives.	Nicotine	47-55	complement C2	Homo sapiens	15-18
16288530-1	2005	[reaction: see text] Regioselective deprotonations of (S)-nicotine and derivatives at the C-2 and C-6 positions of the pyridine ring were performed in good to excellent yields.	Nicotine	54-66	complement C2	Homo sapiens	90-93
16269317-0	2005	The role of corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptides in cannabis, nicotine, and alcohol dependence.	Nicotine	70-78	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	12-42
16391704-0	2005	Prenatal cocaine alone and combined with nicotine alters ANG II and IGF-1 induced left atrial contractions in aging male offspring.	Nicotine	41-49	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
16324736-4	2005	In adrenal medulla (AM), response of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), but not tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA, to both stressors was attenuated in nicotine-infused rats.	Nicotine	146-154	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	37-62
16324736-4	2005	In adrenal medulla (AM), response of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), but not tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA, to both stressors was attenuated in nicotine-infused rats.	Nicotine	146-154	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
15727570-2	2005	Our earlier work shows that nicotine enhances cellular proliferation of cervical cancer cell lines by up-regulating epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor EGF-R, which leads to increased insulin-like growth factor II in vitro.	Nicotine	28-36	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	195-224
15764844-4	2005	Both DBI levels and [(45)Ca(2+)] influx significantly increased in the brain from mice treated with nicotine for long term, which was further enhanced after abrupt cessation of nicotine and was abolished by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	207-239
15764844-4	2005	Both DBI levels and [(45)Ca(2+)] influx significantly increased in the brain from mice treated with nicotine for long term, which was further enhanced after abrupt cessation of nicotine and was abolished by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	241-246
15690320-5	2005	Specific binding of [3H]nicotine was demonstrated in rat islets and in a beta -cell line of rat origin, INS-1.	Nicotine	24-32	insulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
15653993-7	2005	RESULTS: FP, 1 micromol/L, inhibited the expression of fibronectin messenger RNA and protein in unstimulated NIH-3T3 cells and primary lung fibroblasts, as well as in fibroblasts stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	55-66
15470160-4	2005	Trans-3"-hydroxycotinine N-glucuronidation in human liver microsomes was significantly correlated with nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations, which are catalyzed mainly by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A4 and was inhibited by imipramine and nicotine, which are substrates of UGT1A4.	Nicotine	103-111	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	204-211
15470160-4	2005	Trans-3"-hydroxycotinine N-glucuronidation in human liver microsomes was significantly correlated with nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations, which are catalyzed mainly by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A4 and was inhibited by imipramine and nicotine, which are substrates of UGT1A4.	Nicotine	103-111	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	282-288
15651137-3	2005	We have performed a dose-response study for intrahippocampal nicotine (CA1) on acquisition and extinction of the lever-press response and antagonization test by co-administration of mecamylamine.	Nicotine	61-69	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
15496940-7	2005	Nicotine reversed the behavioral deficits and restored the normal response of hippocampal PKCgamma to cholinergic receptor stimulation.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	90-98
15564950-5	2004	Numerical analog pain score and morphine utilization and hemodynamic values were measured for 24 h. RESULTS: The patients treated with nicotine reported lower pain scores during the first hour after surgery (peak numerical analog score, 7.6 (SD 1.4) versus 5.3 (SD 1.6); P &lt; 0.001) and used half the amount of morphine as the control group (12 (SD 6) versus 6 (SD 5) mg; P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	135-143	CUP2Q35	Homo sapiens	242-246
15564950-5	2004	Numerical analog pain score and morphine utilization and hemodynamic values were measured for 24 h. RESULTS: The patients treated with nicotine reported lower pain scores during the first hour after surgery (peak numerical analog score, 7.6 (SD 1.4) versus 5.3 (SD 1.6); P &lt; 0.001) and used half the amount of morphine as the control group (12 (SD 6) versus 6 (SD 5) mg; P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	135-143	CUP2Q35	Homo sapiens	262-266
15564950-6	2004	Patients who received nicotine still reported less pain than those in the control group 24 h after surgery (1.5 (SD 0.5) versus 4.9 (SD 1.4); P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	22-30	CUP2Q35	Homo sapiens	133-137
15275829-0	2004	The alpha3 and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits are necessary for nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion in mice.	Nicotine	81-89	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	15-20
15275829-5	2004	beta4 -/- mice were less sensitive to the effects of nicotine both at low doses, measured as decreased exploration in an open field, and at high doses, measured as sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	53-61	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	0-5
15275829-5	2004	beta4 -/- mice were less sensitive to the effects of nicotine both at low doses, measured as decreased exploration in an open field, and at high doses, measured as sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	179-187	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	0-5
15275829-9	2004	Together, these results suggest that the beta4 and the alpha3 subunits are mediators of nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion.	Nicotine	88-96	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	41-46
15225679-6	2004	RT-PCR showed that nicotine exposure resulted in significant decreases in mRNA levels for BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin, but nicotine did not affect the mRNA level of SOD1.	Nicotine	19-27	S100 calcium binding protein A6 (calcyclin)	Mus musculus	95-104
21247200-3	2011	Characterization of receptor activation by nicotine used as agonist revealed a K(d) of 23 +- 0.2 muM and 4.3 +- 1.3 for the channel opening equilibrium constant, Phi(-1).	Nicotine	43-51	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14B	Rattus norvegicus	162-168
15225679-7	2004	Nicotine-induced changes in BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin mRNAs showed a general correlation with stimulation of branching, implying a common mechanism for effects of nicotine on branching and on gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	S100 calcium binding protein A6 (calcyclin)	Mus musculus	33-42
15612475-0	2004	[Effect of nicotine on Oct-4 transcription of embryonic stem cells].	Nicotine	11-19	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
21133888-0	2011	Chronic nicotine treatment differentially modifies acute nicotine and alcohol actions on GABA(A) and glutamate receptors in hippocampal brain slices.	Nicotine	8-16	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	89-96
21133888-0	2011	Chronic nicotine treatment differentially modifies acute nicotine and alcohol actions on GABA(A) and glutamate receptors in hippocampal brain slices.	Nicotine	57-65	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	89-96
21133888-5	2011	KEY RESULTS: Acute nicotine (50 nM) enhanced both GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission; potentiated GABA(A) receptor currents via activation of alpha7* and alpha4beta2* nAChRs, and increased N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor currents through alpha7* receptors.	Nicotine	19-27	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	113-120
21092740-1	2011	AIMS: We recently reported that acute exposure to nicotine vasodilates the renal vasculature of male rats via facilitation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).	Nicotine	50-58	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	126-159
21092740-1	2011	AIMS: We recently reported that acute exposure to nicotine vasodilates the renal vasculature of male rats via facilitation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).	Nicotine	50-58	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
15612475-1	2004	UNLABELLED: To clarify whether nicotine affected the early embryo development, the paper investigated the influence of nicotine on embryonic stem (ES) cells specific gene Oct-4.	Nicotine	119-127	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
15612475-4	2004	RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis illustrated that nicotine (10-1000 nM) significantly enhanced Oct-4 transcription, while had no effect on beta-actin transcription; meanwhile, compared with nicotine (100 nM and 1000 nM) treatment alone, tubocurarine inhibited Oct-4 transcription evidently.	Nicotine	42-50	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
15612475-4	2004	RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis illustrated that nicotine (10-1000 nM) significantly enhanced Oct-4 transcription, while had no effect on beta-actin transcription; meanwhile, compared with nicotine (100 nM and 1000 nM) treatment alone, tubocurarine inhibited Oct-4 transcription evidently.	Nicotine	42-50	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	252-257
20887713-1	2011	Human CYP2A6 is responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and coumarin as well as the metabolic activation of tobacco-related nitrosamines.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
15045467-1	2004	We previously showed that maternal exposure to nicotine, alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos, caused an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum in postnatal day (PND) 30 offspring.	Nicotine	47-55	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
20965223-0	2011	Activation of the opioid mu1, but not delta or kappa, receptors is required for nicotine reinforcement in a rat model of drug self-administration.	Nicotine	80-88	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
20965223-11	2011	These results indicate that activation of the opioid mu1, but not the delta or the kappa, receptors is required for the reinforcement of nicotine and suggest that opioid neurotransmission via the mu1 receptors would be a promising target for the development of opioid ligands for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	137-145	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
15045467-7	2004	Male offspring from mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos or nicotine alone showed a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brainstem while female offspring from mothers treated with either nicotine or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed a significant increase (approximately 134 and 126% of control, respectively) in AChE activity in the brainstem.	Nicotine	64-72	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	116-136
20965223-11	2011	These results indicate that activation of the opioid mu1, but not the delta or the kappa, receptors is required for the reinforcement of nicotine and suggest that opioid neurotransmission via the mu1 receptors would be a promising target for the development of opioid ligands for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	137-145	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
15045467-7	2004	Male offspring from mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos or nicotine alone showed a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brainstem while female offspring from mothers treated with either nicotine or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed a significant increase (approximately 134 and 126% of control, respectively) in AChE activity in the brainstem.	Nicotine	64-72	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
15045467-7	2004	Male offspring from mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos or nicotine alone showed a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brainstem while female offspring from mothers treated with either nicotine or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed a significant increase (approximately 134 and 126% of control, respectively) in AChE activity in the brainstem.	Nicotine	64-72	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	368-372
15045467-7	2004	Male offspring from mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos or nicotine alone showed a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brainstem while female offspring from mothers treated with either nicotine or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed a significant increase (approximately 134 and 126% of control, respectively) in AChE activity in the brainstem.	Nicotine	226-234	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	116-136
21050840-0	2011	Hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is regulated by nicotine and stress in female but not in male rats.	Nicotine	66-74	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-42
21050840-0	2011	Hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is regulated by nicotine and stress in female but not in male rats.	Nicotine	66-74	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
21050840-8	2011	However, forced swim stress and chronic nicotine administration increased nNOS expression in the hippocampus of female rats.	Nicotine	40-48	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
21050840-11	2011	Data obtained from the present study indicate that the regulation of stress and nicotine induced-nNOS expression in rat hippocampus shows sexual dimorphism and nNOS expression in the female rat hippocampus increases by nicotine and stress.	Nicotine	80-88	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
21050840-11	2011	Data obtained from the present study indicate that the regulation of stress and nicotine induced-nNOS expression in rat hippocampus shows sexual dimorphism and nNOS expression in the female rat hippocampus increases by nicotine and stress.	Nicotine	80-88	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
21050840-11	2011	Data obtained from the present study indicate that the regulation of stress and nicotine induced-nNOS expression in rat hippocampus shows sexual dimorphism and nNOS expression in the female rat hippocampus increases by nicotine and stress.	Nicotine	219-227	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
21050840-11	2011	Data obtained from the present study indicate that the regulation of stress and nicotine induced-nNOS expression in rat hippocampus shows sexual dimorphism and nNOS expression in the female rat hippocampus increases by nicotine and stress.	Nicotine	219-227	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
15045467-7	2004	Male offspring from mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos or nicotine alone showed a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brainstem while female offspring from mothers treated with either nicotine or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed a significant increase (approximately 134 and 126% of control, respectively) in AChE activity in the brainstem.	Nicotine	226-234	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
15045467-7	2004	Male offspring from mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos or nicotine alone showed a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brainstem while female offspring from mothers treated with either nicotine or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed a significant increase (approximately 134 and 126% of control, respectively) in AChE activity in the brainstem.	Nicotine	226-234	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	116-136
20969854-9	2011	The increases in MPO activity and iNOS expression induced by indomethacin were also significantly suppressed by nicotine and PNU-282987.	Nicotine	112-120	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	17-20
15045467-7	2004	Male offspring from mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos or nicotine alone showed a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brainstem while female offspring from mothers treated with either nicotine or a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed a significant increase (approximately 134 and 126% of control, respectively) in AChE activity in the brainstem.	Nicotine	226-234	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
15045467-11	2004	These results suggest that maternal exposure to real-life levels of nicotine and/or chlorpyrifos causes differential regulation of brainstem AChE activity.	Nicotine	68-76	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
21113126-3	2011	Here, we demonstrate that nicotine administration to mice upregulates levels of the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2), a Ca2+-release channel present on the endoplasmic reticulum, in a number of brain areas associated with cognition and addiction, notably the cortex and ventral midbrain.	Nicotine	26-34	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	84-109
15495789-15	2004	In contrast, significant levels of IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-gamma were observed in antigen-challenged cultures from nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	112-120	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	35-39
21113126-3	2011	Here, we demonstrate that nicotine administration to mice upregulates levels of the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2), a Ca2+-release channel present on the endoplasmic reticulum, in a number of brain areas associated with cognition and addiction, notably the cortex and ventral midbrain.	Nicotine	26-34	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	111-115
21113126-4	2011	Nicotine-mediated RyR2 upregulation was driven by CREB, and caused a long-lasting reinforcement of Ca2+ signalling via the process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.	Nicotine	0-8	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	18-22
15219330-5	2004	The results show that DSM-IV major depression and nicotine dependence, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the number of cigarettes smoked, the age at onset of daily smoking, and the intention to stop smoking predict the CAS.	Nicotine	50-58	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	237-240
20399527-3	2011	Two doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse models in which the human IGF-IR was overexpressed in either the Clara cells or the type II alveolar cells of the lung were used in this study to examine the interaction between the nicotine derivative, nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and the IGF-IR.	Nicotine	225-233	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	69-75
15219330-5	2004	The results show that DSM-IV major depression and nicotine dependence, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the number of cigarettes smoked, the age at onset of daily smoking, and the intention to stop smoking predict the CAS.	Nicotine	95-103	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	237-240
21385097-6	2011	In the presence of the cholinergic drugs (nicotine or MLA) CD41 and CD61 expression was significantly reduced, both at RNA and protein level.	Nicotine	42-50	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	59-63
15219330-6	2004	It is concluded that there may be an additive effect from nicotine dependence and major depression on the CAS.	Nicotine	58-66	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	106-109
20890227-2	2010	This study aimed to further assess the role of beta2 and coexpressed nAChR subunits in the brain (alpha4, alpha6 and alpha7) to control monoamine-mediated locomotor response, that is, response to novelty, saline, nicotine with tranylcypromine pretreatment, cocaine, d-amphetamine and morphine treatments.	Nicotine	213-221	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	47-52
14666123-11	2004	NMDA NR2A/B subunits were affected by nicotine, but without age-related differences.	Nicotine	38-46	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	5-11
20824368-4	2010	In this study, we explored the potential prometastatic role of nicotine in PDA through studying its effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and evaluated the role of OPN in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	63-71	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	128-154
20824368-4	2010	In this study, we explored the potential prometastatic role of nicotine in PDA through studying its effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and evaluated the role of OPN in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	63-71	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	156-161
20824368-8	2010	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Nicotine significantly enhanced the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF mRNA and protein in PDA cells.	Nicotine	24-32	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	74-79
14722323-1	2004	We have recently provided evidence for nicotine-induced complex formation between the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the tyrosine-phosphorylated enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) that results in subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K) and Akt.	Nicotine	39-47	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	236-265
20824368-9	2010	Blocking OPN with siRNA or OPN antibody prevented the nicotine-mediated increase of both MMP-9 and VEGF.	Nicotine	54-62	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	89-94
20824368-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our data show for the first time that cigarette smoking and nicotine may contribute to PDA metastasis through inducing MMP-9 and VEGF and suggest that OPN plays a central role in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	73-81	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	132-137
20676884-0	2010	Upregulation of norepinephrine transporter function by prolonged exposure to nicotine in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells.	Nicotine	77-85	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Bos taurus	16-42
15164609-7	2004	Nicotine transiently activates phosphorylation of ERK-, CREB and Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
21098863-5	2010	Finally, when we examined the influence of rimonabant (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg, ip), we found that this cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist attenuated reinstatement effect of ethanol priming as well as nicotine sensitization and locomotor cross-sensitization between nicotine and ethanol.	Nicotine	197-205	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
15164609-8	2004	Nicotine induces the activation of both PI3 kinase/Act and ERK/CREB pathways via common pathways including non-alpha 7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
21098863-5	2010	Finally, when we examined the influence of rimonabant (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg, ip), we found that this cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist attenuated reinstatement effect of ethanol priming as well as nicotine sensitization and locomotor cross-sensitization between nicotine and ethanol.	Nicotine	262-270	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
14622092-2	2003	Nicotine-induced neuroprotection against different toxins is imparted through pharmacologically distinct neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) where protection against chronic N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) exposure is through nAChRalpha7 but protection against the toxic peptide of amyloid precursor protein, Abeta25-35, is through nAChRalpha4beta2.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	114-147
21098863-6	2010	Our results indicate that similar endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms re involved in the locomotor stimulant and reinforcing effects of nicotine and ethanol in rodents, and as such these data may provide further evidence for the use of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists in treatment of tobacco addiction with or without concomitant ethanol dependence.	Nicotine	137-145	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	249-252
20566638-1	2010	In the mammalian brain high affinity nicotine-binding sites are composed of at least the alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	37-45	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	89-95
14622092-2	2003	Nicotine-induced neuroprotection against different toxins is imparted through pharmacologically distinct neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) where protection against chronic N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) exposure is through nAChRalpha7 but protection against the toxic peptide of amyloid precursor protein, Abeta25-35, is through nAChRalpha4beta2.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	149-154
20566638-3	2010	The introduction of alpha5 into 293 cells expressing alpha4+beta2 strongly favors assembly of alpha4+alpha5+beta2 receptors, increases constitutive ligand binding density as measured using [(3)H]epibatidine, but reduces the magnitude of up-regulation in response to chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	274-282	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-59
14573394-5	2003	Like nicotine, the contraction induced by 100 nM urotensin II was inhibited by treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, D-tubocurarine, tetrodotoxin or hemicholinium-3, and enhanced by physostigmine.	Nicotine	5-13	urotensin 2	Homo sapiens	49-61
20664070-7	2010	In IH-treated rats, nAChR mRNAs were downregulated in AMC, which resulted in a markedly attenuated nicotine-evoked elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) and subsequent catecholamine secretion.	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
14575895-6	2003	On the other hand, we found that chronic nicotine administration increased the expression levels of OB-Rb mRNA by 12% and OB-R mRNA by 25% in the medial basal hypothalamus compared to control rats.	Nicotine	41-49	leptin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
20827341-6	2010	Nicotine as a ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in adrenal medulla stimulates catecholamine secretion and activates TH and DBH gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	28-60
20827341-6	2010	Nicotine as a ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in adrenal medulla stimulates catecholamine secretion and activates TH and DBH gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
14555401-5	2003	On PND 7, there was a significant increase in brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in pups from nicotine- and chlorpyrifos-treated dams, whereas plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was significantly elevated in pups of mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos alone or pesticide combined with nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	52-72
20457658-11	2010	In short, these findings identify the mechanisms through which nicotine increases SCLC malignancy and provide further evidence that CXCR4 is a potential anticancer target for nicotine-associated SCLC.	Nicotine	175-183	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	132-137
14555401-5	2003	On PND 7, there was a significant increase in brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in pups from nicotine- and chlorpyrifos-treated dams, whereas plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was significantly elevated in pups of mothers treated with either chlorpyrifos alone or pesticide combined with nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
14555401-7	2003	In female pups on PND 30 there was a significant rise in AChE activity in brainstem of chlorpyrifos alone and in cerebellum of the combination nicotine and chlorpyrifos group.	Nicotine	143-151	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
14555401-9	2003	A rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was observed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum on PND 30 in female and male offspring of mothers treated with either nicotine or nicotine in combination with chlorpyrifos, but to a lesser extent in males.	Nicotine	197-205	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
20717551-2	2010	Members of the population were genotyped for the nicotine-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6).	Nicotine	49-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	78-97
14555401-9	2003	A rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was observed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum on PND 30 in female and male offspring of mothers treated with either nicotine or nicotine in combination with chlorpyrifos, but to a lesser extent in males.	Nicotine	209-217	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
20717551-2	2010	Members of the population were genotyped for the nicotine-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6).	Nicotine	49-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	99-105
14555401-10	2003	Data suggest that maternal exposure to nicotine and chlorpyrifos, alone or in combination, produces differential alterations in brain regional AChE activity and expression of GFAP in cerebellum and hippocampus in offspring on PND 30.	Nicotine	39-47	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
20717551-4	2010	Plasma levels of 3"-hydroxycotinine and urinary levels of nicotine and 3"-hydroxycotinine were dependent on the CYP2A6 phenotype group, which was estimated from the CYP2A6 genotypes of the subjects, including those with whole gene deletion.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	112-118
20717551-4	2010	Plasma levels of 3"-hydroxycotinine and urinary levels of nicotine and 3"-hydroxycotinine were dependent on the CYP2A6 phenotype group, which was estimated from the CYP2A6 genotypes of the subjects, including those with whole gene deletion.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	165-171
20211606-4	2010	Robust concentration-dependent increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation was triggered by structurally diverse alpha7 nAChR agonists such as nicotine, choline, GTS-21, SSR-180711A and PNU-282987 in the presence of the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) PNU-120596.	Nicotine	134-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
19913076-5	2010	In general, nicotine and dexamethasone, alone or in combination, produced regionally-selective increases or decreases in choline acetyltransferase activity but larger, consistent elevations in hemicholinium-3 and nicotinic ACh receptor binding; the patterns were indicative of ACh synaptic hyperactivity.	Nicotine	12-20	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	121-146
14602824-5	2003	Pretreatment with nicotine decreased glutamate-mediated calcium influx in primary cortical cultures by 41%, an effect that was absent in cultures from knock-out mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	199-204
20373480-3	2010	In the present study, we compared serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels of nicotine dependence and nonsmokers, and we investigated changes in serum BDNF levels after 8 weeks of treatment with varenicline.	Nicotine	91-99	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	40-73
20373480-3	2010	In the present study, we compared serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels of nicotine dependence and nonsmokers, and we investigated changes in serum BDNF levels after 8 weeks of treatment with varenicline.	Nicotine	91-99	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	75-79
20056136-0	2010	Nicotine increases the expression of neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase receptor A in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-85
20056136-4	2010	We found that s.c. nicotine infusion (1.2 mg free base/kg/d delivered by mini-pumps for 7 days) induced in vivo an increase in tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA)-but not TrkB, TrkC or low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75)-expression in BF cholinergic neurons targeting the cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	19-27	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-153
20056136-4	2010	We found that s.c. nicotine infusion (1.2 mg free base/kg/d delivered by mini-pumps for 7 days) induced in vivo an increase in tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA)-but not TrkB, TrkC or low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75)-expression in BF cholinergic neurons targeting the cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	19-27	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
20056136-6	2010	In vitro experiments performed on primary BF neuronal cultures, showed that 72 h exposure to nicotine increased both TrkA expression, and NGF release in culture medium.	Nicotine	93-101	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
14602824-9	2003	We conclude that neuroprotective effects of nicotine in cortical neurons involve both beta2- and alpha7-containing nAChRs, activation of calcineurin, and decreased intracellular calcium via L-type channels.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	97-103
20056136-8	2010	This study shows that nicotine, independently of its action on NGF levels, may contribute to the restoration of the trophic support to BF cholinergic neurons by increasing TrkA levels.	Nicotine	22-30	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
14570768-9	2003	The glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by heterologously expressed UGT1A3, UGT1A4, and UGT1A9 was also determined.	Nicotine	23-31	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	81-87
20047710-7	2010	Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relation between the number of cigarettes smoked daily (R2=0.143, p=0.023), the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score (R2=0.145, p=0.022) and the expression of CREB.	Nicotine	152-160	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	220-224
14570768-13	2003	UGT1A4 Supersomes also catalyzed cotinine N-glucuronidation, but at one-tenth the rate of nicotine glucuronidation.	Nicotine	90-98	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20020508-9	2010	Interestingly, nicotine treatment regulated gene expressions of CD44 and CLPTM1, two candidate genes for CLP.	Nicotine	15-23	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	64-68
14570768-15	2003	Both propofol, a UGT1A9 substrate, and imipramine, a UGT1A4 substrate, inhibited the glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by human liver microsomes.	Nicotine	104-112	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	53-59
14570768-16	2003	Taken together, these data support a role for both UGT1A9 and UGT1A4 in the catalysis of nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidation.	Nicotine	89-97	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4	Homo sapiens	62-68
12838038-1	2003	Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7 nAChRs) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptors have been implicated in the anxiogenic effects of centrally administered nicotine, but the receptors that mediate the anxiogenic effects of systemic nicotine are not known.	Nicotine	176-184	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	85-91
20028457-7	2010	Nicotine self-administration also decreased footshock-induced c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract-A2/C2 catecholaminergic neurons that project to the PVN.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
12838038-1	2003	Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7 nAChRs) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptors have been implicated in the anxiogenic effects of centrally administered nicotine, but the receptors that mediate the anxiogenic effects of systemic nicotine are not known.	Nicotine	252-260	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	85-91
12838038-3	2003	The anxiogenic effect of 0.1 mg/kg nicotine, given 5 min before the test, was blocked by DHbetaE and WAY 100635, establishing roles for alpha4beta2 nAChRs and 5-HT1A receptors.	Nicotine	35-43	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	159-165
20074615-0	2010	Nicotine stimulates transcriptional activity of the human dopamine transporter gene.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	58-78
12742361-7	2003	In conclusion, high doses of nicotine induce myotube atrophy and decrease of the expression of intermediate filaments, whereas relatively low doses of nicotine (G2 and G5) induce an early decrease of vimentin expression with no myofiber atrophy.	Nicotine	151-159	myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle	Rattus norvegicus	161-170
20074615-1	2010	Nicotine modulates dopaminergic activity in the central nervous system by acting on the reuptake system, including the dopamine transporter (DAT), although precisely remains unclear.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	119-139
20074615-1	2010	Nicotine modulates dopaminergic activity in the central nervous system by acting on the reuptake system, including the dopamine transporter (DAT), although precisely remains unclear.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	141-144
20074615-2	2010	Here we investigated the effect of nicotine on the transcriptional regulation of the human DAT (hDAT) gene by conducting luciferase reporter assays.	Nicotine	35-43	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	91-94
20074615-2	2010	Here we investigated the effect of nicotine on the transcriptional regulation of the human DAT (hDAT) gene by conducting luciferase reporter assays.	Nicotine	35-43	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	96-100
20074615-3	2010	Nicotine enhanced the transcription of hDAT gene constructs in transiently transfected SK-N-SH cells.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	39-43
20074615-6	2010	Deletion of intron 1, known as a silencer element of the hDAT gene, abolished nicotine"s stimulatory effect.	Nicotine	78-86	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	57-61
20074615-8	2010	These results suggest a nicotinic cholinergic mechanism to be involved in the nicotine-induced up-regulation of DAT gene expression.	Nicotine	78-86	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	112-115
20060845-5	2010	This study was designed to determine whether nAChRs and the taste transduction molecules alpha-gustducin, PLC-beta2 and bitter taste receptors (T2R38) reside at sites of the intrapulmonary airways where interaction with the nicotine components of cigarette smoke is likely.	Nicotine	224-232	phospholipase C beta 2	Homo sapiens	106-115
12740173-0	2003	Different synaptic mechanisms of long-term potentiation induced by nicotine and tetanic stimulation in hippocampal CA1 region of rats.	Nicotine	67-75	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
19879865-1	2010	Nicotine plays a role in smoking-associated cardiovascular diseases, and may upregulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
19879865-8	2010	MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels increased in the supernatant of SMC cells incubated with nicotine 150 nM (P&lt;0.05) but not with 50 nM.	Nicotine	80-88	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
20147556-3	2010	Acute nicotine (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) induced anxiogenic-like effects in the elevated plus-maze and activated the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) as revealed by c-Fos expression.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
20147556-4	2010	Pretreatment with the hypocretin receptor 1 (Hcrtr-1) antagonist SB334867 or preprohypocretin gene deletion blocked both nicotine effects.	Nicotine	121-129	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	22-43
20147556-4	2010	Pretreatment with the hypocretin receptor 1 (Hcrtr-1) antagonist SB334867 or preprohypocretin gene deletion blocked both nicotine effects.	Nicotine	121-129	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	45-52
20147556-6	2010	In addition, an increase of the percentage of c-Fos-positive hypocretin cells in the perifornical and dorsomedial hypothalamic (PFA/DMH) areas was found after nicotine (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) administration.	Nicotine	159-167	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
12740173-1	2003	AIM: To investigate whether long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by nicotine and tetanic stimulation in the hippocampal CA1 region shares different mechanisms.	Nicotine	68-76	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
12766617-3	2003	Mouse strains expressing the A variant have, in general, greater nAChR-mediated 86Rb+ efflux in response to nicotine than strains with the T variant.	Nicotine	108-116	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	65-70
20105181-8	2010	Furthermore, iontophoretic application of nicotine, AR-R17779 and PSAB-OFP each evoked current-dependent excitation of most CA3 pyramidal neurones studied, and this excitation was antagonized by co-iontophoretic application of MLA.	Nicotine	42-50	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
12725137-7	2003	RESULTS: Nicotine decreased IL-10 and increased IL-6 levels in small bowel mucosa (from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 pg/ml and from 1.9 +/- 0.4 to 13.6 +/- 0.4 pg/ml respectively; P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
12725137-8	2003	Nicotine decreased IL-2 levels in the colon (from 15.8 +/- 3.0 to 7.9 +/- 1.0 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.05), having no effect on IL-10 or IL-6 levels.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
12725137-9	2003	Rats treated with nicotine had lower IL-6 and IL-2 blood levels compared to control rats.	Nicotine	18-26	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
12606764-4	2003	beta 4(-/-) mice had an attenuated bradycardiac response to high frequency (60 pulse/s) vagal stimulation, as well as an increased sensitivity to hexamethonium blockade at low dose (3 mg/kg) and a reduced ileal contractile response to the nicotinic agonists cytisine, dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide, nicotine (10 mg/kg each), and epibatidine (0.1 mg/kg).	Nicotine	303-311	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	0-6
12465893-0	2002	A facile synthesis of cis-1-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,8b- hexahydropyrrolo[3,2-f]pyrindine, an annulated nicotine analog.	Nicotine	97-105	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
12504594-3	2002	We show here that nicotine can alter gene expression in rat hippocampal neurons, as reflected by activation of the transcription factor CREB and appearance of the immediate early gene product c-Fos.	Nicotine	18-26	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
12460746-3	2002	This study examines the hypothesis that IMI, DNIMI, and (-)-nicotine activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade via primary interaction with the alpha4beta2 nAChR in mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells.	Nicotine	56-68	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	179-184
12384238-8	2002	After antagonism experiments with mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine and methyllycaconitine, it was observed that (-)nicotine-induced analgesia was mediated through the alpha4beta2 subtype of nAChR while the (+)epibatidine-induced one was mediated through non-alpha4beta2 subtype of nAChR.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	197-202
12384238-8	2002	After antagonism experiments with mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine and methyllycaconitine, it was observed that (-)nicotine-induced analgesia was mediated through the alpha4beta2 subtype of nAChR while the (+)epibatidine-induced one was mediated through non-alpha4beta2 subtype of nAChR.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	288-293
12115584-8	2002	Nicotine-induced caspase-3 activation and Hsp90 alpha expression, as well as suppression of the induction by GA, were also observed in a xeroderma pigmentosum patient-derived cell line, XP2OS cells.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	42-53
12115584-9	2002	Thus, it was suggested that nicotine induces apoptosis, possibly via Hsp90 alpha expression, in human cells tested.	Nicotine	28-36	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	69-80
12061141-5	2002	Thus, it is suggested that alpha 7 nAChR is involved in the attention deficit of schizophrenic patients and that alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR is related to nicotine dependence or the withdrawal symptoms.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	128-133
11849738-2	2002	CYP1A1 transcripts were present in all of the lung specimens and were induced by the prototypic inducers 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and by the atypical inducers pyridine, nicotine, and omeprazole.	Nicotine	215-223	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
11888570-5	2002	The 5-HT(1A) receptors in the DRN play a role in mediating the anxiolytic effects of nicotine and the 5-HT(1A) receptors in the dorsal hippocampus and lateral septum mediate its anxiogenic effects.	Nicotine	85-93	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	4-11
11888570-6	2002	The increased startle and anxiety during nicotine withdrawal is mediated by 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(3) receptors.	Nicotine	41-49	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	76-83
11888570-7	2002	The locomotor stimulant effect of acute nicotine is mediated by 5-HT(1A) receptors and 5-HT(2) receptors may play a role in the expression of a sensitised response after chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	40-48	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	64-71
11888570-8	2002	Unfortunately, the role of 5-HT(1A) receptors in mediating nicotine seeking has not yet been investigated and would seem an important area for future research.	Nicotine	59-67	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	27-34
11927835-7	2002	Those RI strains carrying the LS-like alpha6 RFLP were more sensitive to the effects of nicotine on respiration and acoustic startle, and less sensitive to the effects of nicotine on Y-maze crosses than those strains carrying the SS-like alpha6 RFLP.	Nicotine	88-96	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	38-44
11927835-7	2002	Those RI strains carrying the LS-like alpha6 RFLP were more sensitive to the effects of nicotine on respiration and acoustic startle, and less sensitive to the effects of nicotine on Y-maze crosses than those strains carrying the SS-like alpha6 RFLP.	Nicotine	171-179	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	38-44
11751897-3	2002	We examined the modulatory role of nicotine in primary mixed cortical neuronal-glial cultures on activity-dependent caspase cleavage of a glutamate receptor, GluR1.	Nicotine	35-43	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	158-163
11751897-5	2002	Dose-dependent nicotine preconditioning for 24 h antagonizes agonist-initiated caspase cleavage of GluR1 through a mechanism that is coincident with desensitization of both nAChRalpha4beta2 and nAChRalpha7 receptors and the delayed activation of a caspase 8-like activity.	Nicotine	15-23	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
11751897-6	2002	The modulation of GluR1 agonist-initiated caspase-mediated cleavage by nicotine preconditioning offers a novel insight into how this agent can impart its numerous effects on the nervous system.	Nicotine	71-79	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
11904622-13	2002	Decreased integrin expressions of CD62L, CD11a, and CD11b were observed on neutrophils after exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	105-113	selectin L	Homo sapiens	34-39
11904622-14	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine exerts inhibitory effects on both endothelial cell surface intercellular adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil integrin expressions of CD62L, CD11a, and CD11b in vitro.	Nicotine	12-20	selectin L	Homo sapiens	162-167
11790724-10	2002	Inhibition of alpha4beta2, either pharmacological (i.e., an alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist) or molecular (beta2-/- knockout mice), abolished the protective effect of nicotine in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the involvement of alpha4beta2 nAChR in neonatal nicotine-related neuroprotection.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-77
11861793-9	2002	Nicotine treatment increased the pancreatic levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	58-61
11861793-9	2002	Nicotine treatment increased the pancreatic levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	72-76
11861793-10	2002	Nicotine treatment reduces the incidence of type I diabetes in two animal models by changing the profile of pancreatic cytokine expression from Th1 to Th2.	Nicotine	0-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	151-154
11834293-4	2002	Because alpha7-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) represent the major binding site for alpha-BTX, mice lacking the alpha7 nAChR subunit were predicted to be less sensitive to the convulsive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	229-237	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	143-155
11701752-0	2001	Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and CREB in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
11701752-1	2001	We have investigated mechanisms of nicotine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p42/44 MAP kinase, ERK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	35-43	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-183
11701752-1	2001	We have investigated mechanisms of nicotine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p42/44 MAP kinase, ERK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	35-43	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
11701752-8	2001	A calmodulin antagonist, a CaM kinase inhibitor, a MAP kinase kinase inhibitor inhibited nicotine-induced ERK and CREB phosphorylation.	Nicotine	89-97	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
11701752-9	2001	The time course of the phosphorylation of CREB induced by nicotine was similar to that of ERK induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	58-66	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
11701752-10	2001	These results suggest that non-alpha7 nAChRs are involved in nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation through CaM kinase and the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and most of the nicotine-induced CREB phosphorylation is mediated by the ERK phosphorylation in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	61-69	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
11701752-10	2001	These results suggest that non-alpha7 nAChRs are involved in nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation through CaM kinase and the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and most of the nicotine-induced CREB phosphorylation is mediated by the ERK phosphorylation in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	164-172	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
11749838-0	2001	Activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in long-term potentiation induced by nicotine in hippocampal CA1 region in rats.	Nicotine	99-107	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
11749838-1	2001	AIM: To investigate the relationship between activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) induced by nicotine in area CA 1.	Nicotine	170-178	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
11749838-3	2001	RESULTS: PD98059 concentration-dependently (25 micromol/L, 50 micromol/L) attenuated the induction of LTP induced by nicotine 10 micromol/L; both p42 and p44 MAPK were activated with their total protein expression increasing in CA1 subregion in response to LTP induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	117-125	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
11285026-6	2001	Similarly, acute nicotine significantly increased 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 and CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus 2 h and 24 h after injection.	Nicotine	17-25	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
11234341-8	2001	The quaternized product of nicotine 22 shows ring opening with hydroxide ion, not at C-2 as described formerly, but only at 6-position and gives rise to the 4-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl) substituted 5-aminopentadienal 23.	Nicotine	27-35	complement C2	Homo sapiens	85-88
19776730-4	2010	Transcriptional upregulation of hippocampal jun-N terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) mRNA was found in mice that learned contextual fear conditioning (FC) in the presence of nicotine, whereas neither learning alone nor nicotine administration alone exerted an effect.	Nicotine	164-172	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	44-67
19776730-4	2010	Transcriptional upregulation of hippocampal jun-N terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) mRNA was found in mice that learned contextual fear conditioning (FC) in the presence of nicotine, whereas neither learning alone nor nicotine administration alone exerted an effect.	Nicotine	164-172	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	69-73
19776730-5	2010	Furthermore, the upregulation of JNK1 was absent in beta2 nicotinic receptor subunit knockout mice, which are mice that do not show enhanced learning by nicotine.	Nicotine	153-161	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	33-37
19776730-6	2010	Finally, hippocampal JNK activation was increased in mice that were administered nicotine before conditioning, and the inhibition of JNK during consolidation prevented the nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual FC.	Nicotine	81-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	21-24
19776730-6	2010	Finally, hippocampal JNK activation was increased in mice that were administered nicotine before conditioning, and the inhibition of JNK during consolidation prevented the nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual FC.	Nicotine	172-180	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	21-24
19776730-6	2010	Finally, hippocampal JNK activation was increased in mice that were administered nicotine before conditioning, and the inhibition of JNK during consolidation prevented the nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual FC.	Nicotine	172-180	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	133-136
19776730-7	2010	These data suggest that nicotine and learning interact to alter hippocampal JNK1 gene expression and related signaling processes, thus resulting in strengthened contextual memories.	Nicotine	24-32	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	76-80
12213997-1	2001	Methylamine (MA), a component of serum and a metabolite of nicotine and certain insecticides and herbicides, is metabolized by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO).	Nicotine	59-67	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	127-164
19850105-1	2010	Several studies have reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	101-109	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	35-68
12213997-1	2001	Methylamine (MA), a component of serum and a metabolite of nicotine and certain insecticides and herbicides, is metabolized by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO).	Nicotine	59-67	amine oxidase, copper containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	166-170
19850105-1	2010	Several studies have reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	101-109	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	70-74
19850105-2	2010	However, there are few studies on BDNF levels in humans with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	61-69	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	34-38
11515398-0	2001	Nicotine use in early mediaeval Kirchheim/Teck, Germany.	Nicotine	0-8	C-C motif chemokine ligand 25	Homo sapiens	42-46
19850105-11	2010	Changes in plasma BDNF levels might be related to the process of abstinence and the pathophysiology of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	103-111	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	18-22
11044743-0	2000	Nicotine at concentrations found in cigarette smokers activates and desensitizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in CA1 interneurons of rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
19800911-4	2010	Nornicotine (N-desmethyl-nicotine) appears to activate different nAChR subtypes, has a better pharmacokinetic profile, and produces less toxicity than nicotine.	Nicotine	3-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
11044743-3	2000	Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the concentration- and time-dependent effects of nicotine on alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChRs, the two major brain subtypes, natively expressed in CA1 interneurons of rat hippocampal slices.	Nicotine	100-108	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-198
10941135-4	2000	Our results show that the excitatory effect of nicotine is markedly reduced both in the presence of 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), i.e., from 115 +/- 14.3% to 63.4 +/- 11.0% and 63.2 +/- 13.6%, respectively.	Nicotine	47-55	adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
19835933-0	2009	Increased expression of VMAT2 in dopaminergic neurons during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	61-69	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	24-29
19835933-3	2009	We investigated the effect of nicotine withdrawal on the expression of VMAT2 in the midbrain DA neurons in animals dependent to nicotine.	Nicotine	30-38	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	71-76
19835933-3	2009	We investigated the effect of nicotine withdrawal on the expression of VMAT2 in the midbrain DA neurons in animals dependent to nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	71-76
11038246-4	2000	The nicotine-induced increase in DBI mRNA expression was inhibited by L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) inhibitors such as verapamil, calmodulin antagonist (W-7), and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAM II kinase) inhibitor (KN-62), whereas P/Q- and N-type VDCC inhibitors showed no effects.	Nicotine	4-12	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma	Mus musculus	180-225
19835933-5	2009	VMAT2 protein was increased in the striatum of nicotine-treated mice in a time-dependent fashion at all times studied.	Nicotine	47-55	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
19835933-8	2009	However, basal DA release was decreased at 12 and 24h after nicotine discontinuation which coincided with the elevated levels of VMAT2 protein.	Nicotine	60-68	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	129-134
19835933-9	2009	VMAT2 up-regulation might be a compensatory mechanism to restore and maintain synaptic transmission in dopaminergic midbrain neurons during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	140-148	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
10950214-2	2000	The CAGE questionnaire for smoking (modified from the familiar CAGE questionnaire for alcoholism), the "four Cs" test and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence help make the diagnosis of nicotine dependence based on standard criteria.	Nicotine	193-201	DEAD-box helicase 53	Homo sapiens	4-8
19804796-10	2009	This might explain that in some studies kappa-opioid receptor agonists attenuate nicotine and opioid withdrawal symptomatology.	Nicotine	81-89	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	40-61
19959692-2	2009	Further, variability in CYP2A6, the enzyme that mediates formation of COT from nicotine and its metabolism to trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3HC), may limit the usefulness of COT.	Nicotine	79-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
10994639-0	2000	Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor-receptors (EGF-R) by nicotine in cervical cancer cell lines: this effect may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	62-70	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	52-55
22669169-14	2012	These results indicate that increased extracellular acetylcholine levels and/or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation is sufficient to attenuate nicotine taking and seeking in rats and that these effects are reinforcer selective and not due to adverse malaise symptoms such as nausea.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	80-112
10994639-2	2000	Nicotine may increase cellular proliferation rates through a mechanism involving EGF or EGF-R.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	81-84
19769960-7	2009	There was a significant increase in the level of radical generation, NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase activity, lipid, protein, DNA damage and oxidized glutathione level in nicotine-treated group, which were significantly reduced by eugenol and N-acetylcysteine supplementation.	Nicotine	174-182	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	87-102
19846875-0	2009	Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory system by nicotine attenuates neuroinflammation via suppression of Th1 and Th17 responses.	Nicotine	58-66	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	115-118
19846875-5	2009	Nicotine reduced T cell proliferation in response to an encephalitogenic Ag, as well as the production of Th1 (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	156-161
19846875-5	2009	Nicotine reduced T cell proliferation in response to an encephalitogenic Ag, as well as the production of Th1 (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 21	Homo sapiens	171-176
19846875-5	2009	Nicotine reduced T cell proliferation in response to an encephalitogenic Ag, as well as the production of Th1 (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 22	Homo sapiens	182-187
22451094-0	2012	A selective reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor in smoking cessation: effects on its own and in association with transdermal nicotine patch.	Nicotine	130-138	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	23-42
22451094-2	2012	A MAO-B inhibitor alone or co-administered with nicotine may mimic the effects of smoking and be a candidate drug for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	48-56	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	2-7
19846875-11	2009	In vivo, administration of nicotine (2 mg/kg s.c.) suppressed the severity of CD4(+) T cell-mediated disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.	Nicotine	27-35	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	78-81
10994639-3	2000	In this study, we ascertain the effect of EGF antibodies on nicotine-enhanced proliferation rates in two cervical cancer cell lines.	Nicotine	60-68	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
10994639-4	2000	METHOD OF STUDY: We studied (a) nicotine-induced increase in the cellular expression of EGF-R in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive ME-180 and HPV-negative HT-3 cervical cancer cell line cultures, using a semi-quantitative immunofluorescent antibody assay; (b) alterations in cellular proliferation in association with changes in EGF-R levels; and (c) the EGF-R mediation by EGF.	Nicotine	32-40	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	88-91
10994639-4	2000	METHOD OF STUDY: We studied (a) nicotine-induced increase in the cellular expression of EGF-R in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive ME-180 and HPV-negative HT-3 cervical cancer cell line cultures, using a semi-quantitative immunofluorescent antibody assay; (b) alterations in cellular proliferation in association with changes in EGF-R levels; and (c) the EGF-R mediation by EGF.	Nicotine	32-40	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	88-93
22819974-0	2012	Repeated treatment with nicotine induces phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR2B subunit in the brain regions involved in behavioral sensitization.	Nicotine	24-32	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
22819974-2	2012	In the present study, we investigated the levels of NR2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 and Ser1303 in the nucleus accumbens, striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus of rats that exhibit behavioral sensitization to nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
20081236-0	2009	Influences of chronic venlafaxine, olanzapine and nicotine on the hippocampal and cortical concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	50-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-142
10994639-4	2000	METHOD OF STUDY: We studied (a) nicotine-induced increase in the cellular expression of EGF-R in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive ME-180 and HPV-negative HT-3 cervical cancer cell line cultures, using a semi-quantitative immunofluorescent antibody assay; (b) alterations in cellular proliferation in association with changes in EGF-R levels; and (c) the EGF-R mediation by EGF.	Nicotine	32-40	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	331-336
20081236-0	2009	Influences of chronic venlafaxine, olanzapine and nicotine on the hippocampal and cortical concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	50-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
22819974-3	2012	Repeated treatment of rats with nicotine (0.6mg/kg, s.c., for 7 days) produced locomotor sensitization accompanied by increased NR2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, brain regions involved in behavioral sensitization.	Nicotine	32-40	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
22819974-6	2012	These results suggest that repeated treatment with nicotine induces NR2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, which might contribute to the development of synaptic and behavioral plasticity in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	51-59	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
19711055-0	2009	Nicotine-conditioned place preference induced CREB phosphorylation and Fos expression in the adult rat brain.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
10994639-4	2000	METHOD OF STUDY: We studied (a) nicotine-induced increase in the cellular expression of EGF-R in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive ME-180 and HPV-negative HT-3 cervical cancer cell line cultures, using a semi-quantitative immunofluorescent antibody assay; (b) alterations in cellular proliferation in association with changes in EGF-R levels; and (c) the EGF-R mediation by EGF.	Nicotine	32-40	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	331-334
19711055-6	2009	During nicotine preference and reinstatement behaviors, a significant increase of both pCREB and Fos protein expression occurs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) and also in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal striatum (DStr), amygdala, and hippocampus.	Nicotine	7-15	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
22819974-6	2012	These results suggest that repeated treatment with nicotine induces NR2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, which might contribute to the development of synaptic and behavioral plasticity in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	234-242	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
19711055-9	2009	CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the phosphorylation of CREB and expression of Fos protein, as indicators of neural activity, accompany the acquisition and maintenance of nicotine-induced CPP but not CPA in mesolimbic areas (NAc, VTA, PFC, and DStr) as well as in memory consolidation structures (hippocampus and amygdala) and nicotinic receptor are involved in this process.	Nicotine	176-184	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
10994639-9	2000	The action of nicotine was abrogated when antibodies to EGF were added, implying that nicotine up-regulation of EGF-R may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	14-22	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	56-59
19841737-14	2009	In addition, nicotine significantly reduced the expression of epithelial markers, E-Cadherin and beta-Catenin as well as the tight junction protein ZO-1; these tumors also showed an increased expression of the alpha(7) nAChR subunit.	Nicotine	13-21	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	97-109
10994639-9	2000	The action of nicotine was abrogated when antibodies to EGF were added, implying that nicotine up-regulation of EGF-R may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	14-22	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	112-115
10994639-9	2000	The action of nicotine was abrogated when antibodies to EGF were added, implying that nicotine up-regulation of EGF-R may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	86-94	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	56-59
19763258-0	2009	Association and interaction analyses of GABBR1 and GABBR2 with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American populations.	Nicotine	63-71	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
22609758-6	2012	Target specificity was validated after blocking with potent alpha7 nAChR agonists ABBF, PNU282987 and nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
10994639-9	2000	The action of nicotine was abrogated when antibodies to EGF were added, implying that nicotine up-regulation of EGF-R may be mediated by EGF.	Nicotine	86-94	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	112-115
22701425-3	2012	Results showed that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A, but not the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, reduced nicotine-induced premature responding, indicating that nicotine-induced motor impulsivity is cannabinoid, but not opioid receptor-dependent.	Nicotine	128-136	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
10994639-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that nicotine-induced proliferation of cervical cancer cells is mediated through EGF-R over-expression and that this action of nicotine utilizes EGF.	Nicotine	32-40	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	108-111
22701425-3	2012	Results showed that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A, but not the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, reduced nicotine-induced premature responding, indicating that nicotine-induced motor impulsivity is cannabinoid, but not opioid receptor-dependent.	Nicotine	183-191	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
19702528-4	2009	Because CYP2A6 is responsible for 70-80% of the initial metabolism of nicotine, CYP2A6 has been proposed to be a novel target for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	70-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	8-14
19702528-4	2009	Because CYP2A6 is responsible for 70-80% of the initial metabolism of nicotine, CYP2A6 has been proposed to be a novel target for smoking cessation.	Nicotine	70-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
22489671-11	2012	Nicotine treatment led to the downregulation of ECM molecules, including collagen type I, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulation of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9).	Nicotine	0-8	elastin	Homo sapiens	90-97
10679230-0	2000	Nicotine binding to native and substituted peptides comprising residues 188-207 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, and alpha7 subunits.	Nicotine	0-8	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	116-122
22489671-11	2012	Nicotine treatment led to the downregulation of ECM molecules, including collagen type I, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulation of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9).	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	165-170
22561688-6	2012	Mechanistically, we found that both nicotine and AngII activated AMPK-alpha2 in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the phosphorylation of activator protein 2alpha (AP-2alpha) and consequent matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) gene expression.	Nicotine	36-44	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	215-240
22561688-6	2012	Mechanistically, we found that both nicotine and AngII activated AMPK-alpha2 in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the phosphorylation of activator protein 2alpha (AP-2alpha) and consequent matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) gene expression.	Nicotine	36-44	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	242-246
22561688-7	2012	We conclude that smoking (through nicotine) instigates AAA through AMPK-alpha2-mediated AP-2alpha-dependent MMP2 expression in VSMCs.	Nicotine	34-42	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	108-112
22241831-10	2012	Using a dose of nicotine selective for beta2*-nAChR subtype effects with these tests, dose-dependent antagonism by varenicline was seen.	Nicotine	16-24	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	39-44
22241831-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Varenicline acts as a functional antagonist of beta2*-nAChRs, blocking certain effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	60-65
19090569-0	2009	Conceptual DFT properties-based 3D QSAR: analysis of inhibitors of the nicotine metabolizing CYP2A6 enzyme.	Nicotine	71-79	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
10679230-5	2000	Substitution of alpha4P199 with a leucine which is present in the alpha1 sequence decreased the affinity of the alpha4 peptide for nicotine and substitution of alpha1L199 with a proline (alpha4) or a glutamine (alpha3) increased the affinity of the alpha1 peptide.	Nicotine	131-139	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	66-72
19494366-0	2009	Effect of nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on maternal, fetal, and postnatal rat IGF-II profile.	Nicotine	10-18	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
22569203-0	2012	CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 genetic variation and its association with nicotine metabolism in South Western Alaska Native people.	Nicotine	61-69	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
19494366-4	2009	Our goal was to investigate the effects of exposure to nicotine on maternal, fetal, and neonatal IGF-II processing.	Nicotine	55-63	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
10602325-2	1999	The dose-response parameters of recombinant mouse adult neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor channels (nAChR) activated by carbamylcholine, nicotine, muscarine and oxotremorine were measured.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-108
19494366-8	2009	Nicotine exposure prevented the decrease in maternal IGF-II processing seen in controls with advancing gestation.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-59
19494366-10	2009	Postnatally (postnatal day [PND] 21), pups exposed to nicotine in utero had decreased levels of big IGF-II.	Nicotine	54-62	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
19494366-11	2009	Our results show, for the first time, that nicotine exposure prevents the decrease of IGF-II processing in the maternal compartment.	Nicotine	43-51	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-92
19654299-0	2009	Nicotine stimulates PPARbeta/delta expression in human lung carcinoma cells through activation of PI3K/mTOR and suppression of AP-2alpha.	Nicotine	0-8	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	20-28
19654299-0	2009	Nicotine stimulates PPARbeta/delta expression in human lung carcinoma cells through activation of PI3K/mTOR and suppression of AP-2alpha.	Nicotine	0-8	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	127-136
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	44-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	57-65
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	44-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	125-133
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	57-65
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	125-133
22569203-2	2012	Variations in the CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 genes, encoding enzymes responsible for nicotine metabolic inactivation and procarcinogen activation, have not been characterized in AN and may contribute toward the increased risk.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	18-24
22569203-6	2012	Nicotine metabolism [as measured by the plasma and urinary ratio of metabolites trans-3"-hydroxycotinine to cotinine (3HC/COT)] was significantly associated with CYP2A6 (P&lt;0.001), but not CYP2B6 genotype (P=0.95) when controlling for known covariates.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	162-168
22569203-8	2012	CONCLUSION: Yupik AN people have a unique CYP2A6 genetic profile that associated strongly with in-vivo nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	42-48
22569203-9	2012	More rapid CYP2A6-mediated nicotine and nitrosamine metabolism in the Yupik people may modulate the risk of tobacco-related diseases.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	11-17
22218454-1	2012	RATIONALE: Certain compounds that nonselectively inhibit a prominent human nicotine-metabolizing enzyme (i.e., human cytochrome P-450 2A6, hCYP 2A6) showed inhibition of smoking in humans.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	117-137
22218454-1	2012	RATIONALE: Certain compounds that nonselectively inhibit a prominent human nicotine-metabolizing enzyme (i.e., human cytochrome P-450 2A6, hCYP 2A6) showed inhibition of smoking in humans.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	139-148
22218454-2	2012	However, a comprehensive examination of hCYP 2A6 inhibitors to decrease nicotine self-administration in rats has not been reported.	Nicotine	72-80	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	40-48
19278836-8	2009	Therefore, the action of nicotine at hippocampal beta2 nAChRs mediates adaptations in hippocampal function that underlie withdrawal deficits in contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	25-33	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	49-54
10594335-2	1999	Mecamylamine blocked the convulsions and inhibited CYP1A1 induction by nicotine at the level of CYP1A1 activity (93%) and protein (97%), but independently induced the enzyme also at the level of activity and protein.	Nicotine	71-79	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
19279561-1	2009	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the main nicotine (NIC)-metabolizing enzyme in humans.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
19279561-1	2009	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the main nicotine (NIC)-metabolizing enzyme in humans.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
19279561-1	2009	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the main nicotine (NIC)-metabolizing enzyme in humans.	Nicotine	51-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
22486895-1	2012	Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in tobacco products and is metabolized in humans by CYP2A6.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
22486895-3	2012	The extrahepatic enzyme, CYP2A13 (94% identical to CYP2A6) also catalyzes the metabolism of nicotine, but is most noted for its role in the metabolic activation of the tobacco specific lung carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	51-57
22521583-10	2012	Western blot analysis revealed that nicotine decreased protein levels of ER-beta, NR2B, and pCREB.	Nicotine	36-44	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
19279561-1	2009	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the main nicotine (NIC)-metabolizing enzyme in humans.	Nicotine	51-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
10594335-2	1999	Mecamylamine blocked the convulsions and inhibited CYP1A1 induction by nicotine at the level of CYP1A1 activity (93%) and protein (97%), but independently induced the enzyme also at the level of activity and protein.	Nicotine	71-79	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-102
22403787-0	2012	Chronic nicotine induces hypoxia inducible factor-2alpha in perinatal rat adrenal chromaffin cells: role in transcriptional upregulation of KATP channel subunit Kir6.2.	Nicotine	8-16	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	161-167
22403787-4	2012	Using Western blots, we show that chronic nicotine causes a progressive, time-dependent induction of HIF-2alpha in MAH cells that parallels the upregulation of K(ATP) channel subunit, Kir6.2.	Nicotine	42-50	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
10525113-4	1999	Multiple injections of nicotine bitartrate (5 mg/kg) elevated mRNA levels for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and of preproneuropeptide Y in rat adrenal medulla more than did 1 mg/kg of nicotine bitartrate.	Nicotine	23-42	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	145-170
22403787-4	2012	Using Western blots, we show that chronic nicotine causes a progressive, time-dependent induction of HIF-2alpha in MAH cells that parallels the upregulation of K(ATP) channel subunit, Kir6.2.	Nicotine	42-50	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	184-190
22403787-8	2012	Specificity of this signaling pathway was validated in adrenal glands from pups born to dams exposed to nicotine throughout gestation; the upregulation of both HIF-2alpha and Kir6.2 was confined to medullary, but not cortical, tissue.	Nicotine	104-112	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
10525113-4	1999	Multiple injections of nicotine bitartrate (5 mg/kg) elevated mRNA levels for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and of preproneuropeptide Y in rat adrenal medulla more than did 1 mg/kg of nicotine bitartrate.	Nicotine	23-42	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
22403787-8	2012	Specificity of this signaling pathway was validated in adrenal glands from pups born to dams exposed to nicotine throughout gestation; the upregulation of both HIF-2alpha and Kir6.2 was confined to medullary, but not cortical, tissue.	Nicotine	104-112	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	175-181
22403787-9	2012	This study has uncovered a signaling pathway whereby a nonhypoxic stimulus (nicotine) promotes HIF-2alpha-mediated transcriptional upregulation of a novel target, Kir6.2 subunit.	Nicotine	76-84	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
22403787-9	2012	This study has uncovered a signaling pathway whereby a nonhypoxic stimulus (nicotine) promotes HIF-2alpha-mediated transcriptional upregulation of a novel target, Kir6.2 subunit.	Nicotine	76-84	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	163-169
18937881-0	2009	Prodynorphin gene disruption increases the sensitivity to nicotine self-administration in mice.	Nicotine	58-66	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	0-12
18937881-2	2009	The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of the endogenous peptides derived from prodynorphin in acute and chronic nicotine responses, mainly those related to its addictive properties.	Nicotine	129-137	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	95-107
18937881-8	2009	However, a shift to the left in the percentage of acquisition of intravenous nicotine-self administration was observed in prodynorphin KO mice.	Nicotine	77-85	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	122-134
18937881-11	2009	These findings reveal a specific role of endogenous peptides derived from prodynorphin in nicotine self-administration, probably through the modulation of its aversive effects.	Nicotine	90-98	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	74-86
19145226-7	2009	The administration of the nonspecific CRF1/2 receptor antagonist D-Phe CRF((12-41)) into the CeA and the Nacc shell prevented the mecamylamine-induced elevations in brain reward thresholds in the nicotine-dependent rats.	Nicotine	196-204	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
10525113-4	1999	Multiple injections of nicotine bitartrate (5 mg/kg) elevated mRNA levels for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and of preproneuropeptide Y in rat adrenal medulla more than did 1 mg/kg of nicotine bitartrate.	Nicotine	23-42	phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	182-220
22706231-6	2012	The two most relevant substrates for CYP2A6 are coumarin and nicotine.	Nicotine	61-69	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	37-43
22706231-8	2012	Approximately 80% of a nicotine dose is eliminated by CYP2A6, and there is a clear link between CYP2A6 genotypes, smoking behavior, and lung cancer risk.	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	54-60
10525113-4	1999	Multiple injections of nicotine bitartrate (5 mg/kg) elevated mRNA levels for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and of preproneuropeptide Y in rat adrenal medulla more than did 1 mg/kg of nicotine bitartrate.	Nicotine	298-317	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
22706231-8	2012	Approximately 80% of a nicotine dose is eliminated by CYP2A6, and there is a clear link between CYP2A6 genotypes, smoking behavior, and lung cancer risk.	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
18694773-10	2009	The nicotine-induced alteration in muscle development does not occur in the zebrafish mutant (sofa potato, [sop]), which lacks muscle-specific AChRs.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, delta (muscle)	Danio rerio	108-111
10525113-8	1999	In the central nervous system, the chronic infusion of nicotine prevented the induction of TH mRNA by repeated IMO stress in the ventral tegmental area (but not in substantia nigra) and of DBH mRNA by single IMO in the locus ceruleus.	Nicotine	55-63	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
18845019-5	2009	Specifically, we demonstrated that nicotine increases expression of miR-140*, coordinated with the nicotine-augmented expression of its host gene WWP2.	Nicotine	35-43	WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
10556667-2	1999	Perfusion of nicotine (50 microM) reduced the amplitude of electrically evoked population spikes in the CA1 pyramidal cells of the vehicle control rats, but not in those of the beta-amyloid protein-infused rats, suggesting the impairment of nicotinic signaling in the beta-amyloid protein-infused rats.	Nicotine	13-21	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
18845019-5	2009	Specifically, we demonstrated that nicotine increases expression of miR-140*, coordinated with the nicotine-augmented expression of its host gene WWP2.	Nicotine	99-107	WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
19237585-8	2009	In contrast, 24- to 48-h nicotine (1 muM) exposure increased the proportion of (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) in WT receptors and also returned subunit stoichiometry to WT levels for alpha4S248F and beta2V287L nAChRs.	Nicotine	25-33	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
22265867-4	2012	Nicotine exposure significantly increased the levels of fetal blood corticosterone and decreased the expression of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11beta-HSD-2).	Nicotine	0-8	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-162
22265867-4	2012	Nicotine exposure significantly increased the levels of fetal blood corticosterone and decreased the expression of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11beta-HSD-2).	Nicotine	0-8	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Rattus norvegicus	164-176
22265867-5	2012	Moreover, nicotine exposure significantly increased the expressions of fetal hippocampal 11beta-HSD-1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and decreased the expressions of fetal hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenal steroid acute regulatory protein, and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme.	Nicotine	10-18	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-129
22265867-5	2012	Moreover, nicotine exposure significantly increased the expressions of fetal hippocampal 11beta-HSD-1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and decreased the expressions of fetal hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenal steroid acute regulatory protein, and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme.	Nicotine	10-18	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-133
10530917-8	1999	Nicotine and arecoline therefore significantly increased IL-1 alpha and -1 beta secretions and the surface expression of ICAM-1 in KB CCL17 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	57-79
22119710-2	2012	Present study investigates implication of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the basolateral (BLA) and the central (CeA) nuclei of amygdala in behaviorally sensitizing effects of nicotine and accompanying social anxiety following juvenile nicotine training and a 1- or 3-wk injection-free period in the novelty-seeking phenotype.	Nicotine	177-185	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-70
19189985-7	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine-evoked NE release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals was nAChR- and Ca(2+)-dependent, involved both alpha7 and non-alpha7 subunit-containing nAChRs, and was partially dependent on voltage-gated Na(+) channel activation based on sensitivities to various antagonists.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
18855939-4	2009	Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the administration of nicotine can influence expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and/or neuronal NOS (nNOS) in injured spinal cords.	Nicotine	86-94	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-163
22119710-2	2012	Present study investigates implication of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the basolateral (BLA) and the central (CeA) nuclei of amygdala in behaviorally sensitizing effects of nicotine and accompanying social anxiety following juvenile nicotine training and a 1- or 3-wk injection-free period in the novelty-seeking phenotype.	Nicotine	237-245	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-70
10487405-0	1999	Plasma leptin concentrations and lipid profiles during nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	55-63	leptin	Homo sapiens	7-13
21356140-0	2012	Elevation of BACE in an Abeta rat model of Alzheimer"s disease: exacerbation by chronic stress and prevention by nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
21356140-5	2012	There was a significant increase in the levels of BACE in Abeta-infused rats, which were markedly intensified by chronic (4-6 wk) stress, but were normalized in Abeta rats chronically treated with nicotine (1 mg/kg b.i.d.).	Nicotine	197-205	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
21356140-5	2012	There was a significant increase in the levels of BACE in Abeta-infused rats, which were markedly intensified by chronic (4-6 wk) stress, but were normalized in Abeta rats chronically treated with nicotine (1 mg/kg b.i.d.).	Nicotine	197-205	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
21356140-5	2012	There was a significant increase in the levels of BACE in Abeta-infused rats, which were markedly intensified by chronic (4-6 wk) stress, but were normalized in Abeta rats chronically treated with nicotine (1 mg/kg b.i.d.).	Nicotine	197-205	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
21356140-6	2012	The levels of the three subunits alpha7, alpha4 and beta2 were significantly decreased in Abeta rats, but these were also normalized in Abeta rats chronically treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	172-180	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
22191943-0	2012	Nicotine stimulates secretion of corticosterone via both CRH and AVP receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	57-60
19088301-1	2009	Previous research shows that nicotine increases dopamine (DA) clearance in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum via a nicotinic receptor (nAChR)-mediated mechanism.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	142-147
19088301-4	2009	nAChR mediation of the effect of nicotine on DAT function and trafficking in PFC was determined by pretreatment with mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, or methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
19307444-5	2009	RESULTS: We found evidence that genetic variation at CHRNA1, CHRNA2, CHRNA7, and CHRNB1 alters susceptibility to nicotine dependence, but we did not replicate any of the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism associations from the NICSNP high-density association study.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-59
19459226-6	2009	In addition, exposure to low doses of nicotine increased the expression of Fos in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and subfornic organ (SFO) in the fetal brain.	Nicotine	38-46	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	75-78
22191943-9	2012	Nicotine also increased corticosterone secretion, but this effect persisted in the presence of either CRH antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	102-105
10487405-3	1999	The purpose of this study was to assess changes in circulating leptin levels and lipid metabolism during nicotine abstinence (NA) and their role in postcessation weight gain.	Nicotine	105-113	leptin	Homo sapiens	63-69
22191943-13	2012	Our results demonstrate that the nicotine-induced stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated by both the CRH-R and the AVP V(1b) receptor and when the CRH receptor is blocked, nicotine may utilize the AVP V(1b) receptor to mediate secretion of corticosterone.	Nicotine	33-41	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	129-132
19443943-2	2009	The aim of the present studies is to evaluate the role of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the reinstatement of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	108-116	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
22191943-13	2012	Our results demonstrate that the nicotine-induced stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated by both the CRH-R and the AVP V(1b) receptor and when the CRH receptor is blocked, nicotine may utilize the AVP V(1b) receptor to mediate secretion of corticosterone.	Nicotine	33-41	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	175-178
19443943-4	2009	It was shown that the CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner attenuates the reinstatement of nicotine place conditioning.	Nicotine	133-141	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
10460794-1	1999	In a previous study in which a single 2.5 mg/kg (15.4 micromol/kg) s. c. dose of nicotine effected a transient, lung-specific induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 in the rat, a dose-response study and assessment of the lung specificity of the induction was limited by toxicity of the acute parenteral nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-165
19443943-5	2009	These studies suggest a role for CB1 cannabinoids receptors in preventing the reinstatement of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	95-103	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
18818904-0	2009	Brain activation by short-term nicotine exposure in anesthetized wild-type and beta2-nicotinic receptors knockout mice: a BOLD fMRI study.	Nicotine	31-39	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	79-84
18818904-2	2009	However, the behaviors altered by nicotine rely on the functioning on multiple brain circuits where the high-affinity beta2-containing nicotinic receptors (beta2*nAChRs) are located.	Nicotine	34-42	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	118-123
18818904-2	2009	However, the behaviors altered by nicotine rely on the functioning on multiple brain circuits where the high-affinity beta2-containing nicotinic receptors (beta2*nAChRs) are located.	Nicotine	34-42	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	156-161
18818904-4	2009	MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the brain activation evoked by nicotine (1 mg/kg delivered at a slow rate for 45 min) in anesthetized C57BL/6J mice and beta2 knockout (KO) mice.	Nicotine	118-126	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	207-212
22191943-13	2012	Our results demonstrate that the nicotine-induced stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated by both the CRH-R and the AVP V(1b) receptor and when the CRH receptor is blocked, nicotine may utilize the AVP V(1b) receptor to mediate secretion of corticosterone.	Nicotine	200-208	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	175-178
21267677-7	2012	Furthermore, nicotine inhibited apoptosis induced by cisplatin and caused a concentration-dependent increase in both XIAP and Survivin mRNA or protein.	Nicotine	13-21	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	117-121
22048468-0	2012	Conditioned response evoked by nicotine conditioned stimulus preferentially induces c-Fos expression in medial regions of caudate-putamen.	Nicotine	31-39	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
22048468-3	2012	The purpose of this experiment was to use neurohistochemical analysis of rapidly developing c-Fos protein to elucidate neurobiological loci involved in the processing of nicotine as an interoceptive conditioned stimulus (CS).	Nicotine	170-178	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
18818904-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Acute nicotine exposure compensates for the drop in brain activation due to anesthesia through the meso-cortico-limbic network via the action of nicotine on beta2*nAChRs.	Nicotine	19-27	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	170-175
10460794-3	1999	Nicotine, administered in a nutritionally balanced liquid diet, at a level of 20 (low), 60 (medium), or 200 (high) mg/kg of diet, induced CYP1A1 in the lung and kidney in a dose-dependent manner and in the liver at the high nicotine dose only, whereas CYP1A2 was induced in the liver dose-dependently and in the kidney at the high nicotine dose only.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-144
18818904-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Acute nicotine exposure compensates for the drop in brain activation due to anesthesia through the meso-cortico-limbic network via the action of nicotine on beta2*nAChRs.	Nicotine	158-166	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	170-175
22048468-8	2012	In concordance with previous reports, nicotine induced c-Fos expression in the majority of areas tested; however, learning-dependent expression was specific to dorsomedial and ventromedial regions of caudate-putamen (dmCPu, vmCPu).	Nicotine	38-46	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
22048468-9	2012	Only rats in the nicotine-CS condition, when challenged with nicotine, had higher c-Fos expression in the dmCPu and vmCPu.	Nicotine	17-25	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
22048468-9	2012	Only rats in the nicotine-CS condition, when challenged with nicotine, had higher c-Fos expression in the dmCPu and vmCPu.	Nicotine	61-69	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
22182462-0	2012	Blockade of CRF1 receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala attenuates the dysphoria associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	107-115	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
18931833-4	2009	OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined whether nAChRs containing the beta2 subunit contribute to nicotine"s effects on auditory ERPs.	Nicotine	97-105	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	69-74
18931833-8	2009	Nicotine increased P20 amplitude and enhanced gating in wild-type and beta2 knockout mice, but only decreased N40 amplitude in wild-type mice.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	70-75
18931833-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: beta2-containing receptors are necessary for nicotine"s effects on the N40 component of the mouse auditory ERP.	Nicotine	58-66	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	13-18
10460794-5	1999	Induction of the CYP1A1-preferential activity ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase by the low, medium, and high nicotine diets was 1.9-, 4.9-, and 21.6-fold, respectively, in the lung, 1.4-, 1.7-, and 15.9-fold, respectively, in the kidney, and 1.7-, 2.9-, and 5.1-fold, respectively, in the liver.	Nicotine	104-112	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
18936914-3	2009	We tested the hypothesis that a cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1 antagonist that is in clinical trials for smoking cessation may reverse behaviorally sensitizing effects of nicotine in HRs and repeated nicotine-induced elevations in hippocampal 5HT.	Nicotine	168-176	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-59
18936914-3	2009	We tested the hypothesis that a cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1 antagonist that is in clinical trials for smoking cessation may reverse behaviorally sensitizing effects of nicotine in HRs and repeated nicotine-induced elevations in hippocampal 5HT.	Nicotine	197-205	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-59
22357537-8	2012	Similar results were seen in mice with AAA augmented by nicotine and in human aortic tissue samples from patients undergoing surgical repair of AAA (with more pronounced effects observed in smokers).	Nicotine	56-64	AAA1	Homo sapiens	39-42
22093924-3	2012	In muscles and C2C12 myotubes, cholinergic excitation by exposure to nicotine or the organophosphorous pesticide, Paraoxon, induced Tristetraprolin overproduction while reducing pro-inflammatory transcripts such as IL-6, CXCL1 (KC) and CCL2 (MCP-1).	Nicotine	69-77	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	132-147
18936914-11	2009	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that CB1 antagonists may prevent locomotor sensitization to nicotine and reverse nicotine-induced elevations in hippocampal 5HT in high novelty seekers.	Nicotine	91-99	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
10460794-8	1999	Plasma nicotine levels at which CYP1A induction was maximal were comparable to those reported in smokers, suggesting that nicotine may induce CYP1A1 in humans.	Nicotine	122-130	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	142-148
18936914-11	2009	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that CB1 antagonists may prevent locomotor sensitization to nicotine and reverse nicotine-induced elevations in hippocampal 5HT in high novelty seekers.	Nicotine	112-120	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
22093924-3	2012	In muscles and C2C12 myotubes, cholinergic excitation by exposure to nicotine or the organophosphorous pesticide, Paraoxon, induced Tristetraprolin overproduction while reducing pro-inflammatory transcripts such as IL-6, CXCL1 (KC) and CCL2 (MCP-1).	Nicotine	69-77	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	236-240
22093924-3	2012	In muscles and C2C12 myotubes, cholinergic excitation by exposure to nicotine or the organophosphorous pesticide, Paraoxon, induced Tristetraprolin overproduction while reducing pro-inflammatory transcripts such as IL-6, CXCL1 (KC) and CCL2 (MCP-1).	Nicotine	69-77	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	242-247
10425201-8	1999	Also, leptin (&gt;==1 nM) enhanced nicotine-induced increases in E- and NE.	Nicotine	35-43	leptin	Mus musculus	6-12
22093924-5	2012	Tristetraprolin was essential for this anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine in basal conditions.	Nicotine	67-75	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	0-15
21831361-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that hypocretin signaling acting on Hcrtr-1 in the PVN plays a crucial role in the expression of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	133-141	hypocretin (orexin) receptor 1	Mus musculus	72-79
22165966-9	2012	Activation of critical proteins in the oncogenic pathway, including CREB, ERK, Akt, and Src, and upregulation of alpha-4 and alpha-7 subunits of nAChR provided mechanistic insight for the observed stimulatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	219-227	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	113-120
19084905-0	2009	Nicotine and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol withdrawal induce Narp in the central nucleus of the amygdala.	Nicotine	0-8	neuronal pentraxin 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
19084905-4	2009	We now report that Narp is also induced in the central nucleus following withdrawal from other drugs of abuse, nicotine and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, indicating that Narp is a common component of the transcriptional response triggered by drug withdrawal.	Nicotine	111-119	neuronal pentraxin 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
19084905-4	2009	We now report that Narp is also induced in the central nucleus following withdrawal from other drugs of abuse, nicotine and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, indicating that Narp is a common component of the transcriptional response triggered by drug withdrawal.	Nicotine	111-119	neuronal pentraxin 2	Homo sapiens	171-175
19063868-1	2009	Our laboratories have previously identified the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2 pathway as playing a central role in nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	103-111	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
19063868-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the effects of inhibiting the alpha7 nAChR-JAK2 pro-survival cascade on the nicotine-induced production of the survival factor Bcl-2 and the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5.	Nicotine	107-115	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
19063868-4	2009	We report that nicotine induced the production of Bcl-2 and increased the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT1, and STAT3, and with the exception of AP-1, the other transcription factors (NF-kappaB, STAT1, and STAT3) were significantly reduced by JAK2 inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	263-267
22030716-13	2012	As DRD4 blockade by L-745,870 selectively attenuated both cue- and nicotine-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior, without affecting cue- or food-induced reinstatement of food-seeking behavior, DRD4 antagonists are potential therapeutic agents against tobacco smoking relapse.	Nicotine	67-75	dopamine receptor D4	Rattus norvegicus	3-7
22030716-13	2012	As DRD4 blockade by L-745,870 selectively attenuated both cue- and nicotine-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior, without affecting cue- or food-induced reinstatement of food-seeking behavior, DRD4 antagonists are potential therapeutic agents against tobacco smoking relapse.	Nicotine	101-109	dopamine receptor D4	Rattus norvegicus	3-7
10202397-2	1999	We have previously shown that green tea, administered as drinking water, inhibits lung tumor development in A/J mice treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK), a potent nicotine-derived lung carcinogen found in tobacco.	Nicotine	193-201	solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2	Mus musculus	36-39
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	205-213	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	245-251
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	255-263	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	31-77
23226481-2	2012	The calcium activated protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylates the downstream transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), which mediates nicotine responses; however the role of CaMKIV in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	255-263	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	79-85
23226481-3	2012	Given the proposed role of CaMKIV in CREB activation, we hypothesized that CaMKIV might be a crucial molecular component in the development of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	143-151	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	27-33
23226481-3	2012	Given the proposed role of CaMKIV in CREB activation, we hypothesized that CaMKIV might be a crucial molecular component in the development of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	143-151	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	75-81
23226481-4	2012	Using male CaMKIV genetically modified mice, we found that nicotine reward is attenuated in CaMKIV knockout (-/-) mice, but cocaine reward is enhanced in these mice.	Nicotine	59-67	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	92-98
23226481-5	2012	CaMKIV protein levels were also increased in the nucleus accumbens of C57Bl/6 mice after nicotine reward.	Nicotine	89-97	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	0-6
23226481-6	2012	In a nicotine withdrawal assessment, anxiety-related behavior, but not somatic signs or the hyperalgesia response are attenuated in CaMKIV -/- mice.	Nicotine	5-13	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	132-138
23226481-8	2012	Taken together, our results support an important role for CaMKIV in nicotine reward, and suggest that CaMKIV has opposing roles in nicotine and cocaine reward.	Nicotine	68-76	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	58-64
23226481-8	2012	Taken together, our results support an important role for CaMKIV in nicotine reward, and suggest that CaMKIV has opposing roles in nicotine and cocaine reward.	Nicotine	131-139	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	102-108
19109944-11	2009	A phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine and a phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitor AACOCF(3) inhibited the [Ca(2+)](i) response to carbamylcholine or oxotremorine M, while these inhibitors did not block the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	269-277	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	117-123
18805442-2	2009	Nicotine, a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, interacts with the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and is known to positively affect reward-related behaviours.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	19-51
19164511-9	2009	In summary, nicotine elicits taste responses through peripheral TRPM5-dependent pathways, common to other bitter tastants, and nAChR-dependent and TRPM5-independent pathways, thus creating a unique sensory representation that contributes to the sensory experience of tobacco products.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
10066346-7	1999	In addition, we found that in vitro brief treatment with nicotine induces and/or enhances FasL mRNA and protein expression of lymphocytes from normal donors without smoking.	Nicotine	57-65	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	90-94
19135903-0	2009	Quitting by gradual smoking reduction using nicotine gum: a randomized controlled trial.	Nicotine	44-52	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	53-56
19135903-3	2009	DESIGN: This was a multi-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind RCT of 2- and 4-mg nicotine gum versus placebo.	Nicotine	85-93	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	94-97
19135903-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that smokers who wish to quit smoking by gradual reduction can increase their success by using nicotine gum to facilitate reduction and cessation.	Nicotine	135-143	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	144-147
18986645-7	2009	RESULTS: The addition of nicotine and/or LPS to the culture medium increased the expression of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and tissue-type PA (tPA); decreased the expression of TIMP-1, -3, and -4; and did not affect expression of TIMP-2 or PAI-1.	Nicotine	25-33	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	220-226
22911690-7	2012	Nicotine increased P20 amplitude, while DHbetaE blocked nicotine-induced enhancements in P20 amplitude.	Nicotine	0-8	tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
22911690-7	2012	Nicotine increased P20 amplitude, while DHbetaE blocked nicotine-induced enhancements in P20 amplitude.	Nicotine	56-64	tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3	Homo sapiens	89-92
22911690-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results support findings showing that nicotine-induced augmentation of P20 amplitude occurs via a DHbetaE sensitive mechanism, but suggests that this does not occur through activation of alpha4beta2 receptors.	Nicotine	70-78	tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3	Homo sapiens	103-106
18442069-0	2009	Growth retardation of fetal rats exposed to nicotine in utero: possible involvement of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein.	Nicotine	44-52	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	107-121
10091324-3	1999	To use the NI cells as a host for heterologous expression, we tried to amend the introduced pYAS/12S vector and obtain a host strain, NI-C, with stable NI phenotype and trp1 marker restored.	Nicotine	134-138	phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase TRP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	169-173
18442069-1	2009	To elucidate the possible metabolic mechanism of intrauterine growth retardation induced by nicotine, this study determines the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on fetal development and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in maternal liver and placenta.	Nicotine	148-156	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	232-246
18442069-1	2009	To elucidate the possible metabolic mechanism of intrauterine growth retardation induced by nicotine, this study determines the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on fetal development and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in maternal liver and placenta.	Nicotine	148-156	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	248-251
18442069-12	2009	The inhibition of the placental Pgp expression by nicotine may also contribute to an increased susceptibility of the fetus to environmental toxins.	Nicotine	50-58	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
22792283-4	2012	Furthermore, memantine significantly inhibited nicotine-elicited inward currents in Xenopous oocytes expressing alpha3beta2-, alpha7- or alpha4beta2-nAChR, and nicotine-induced calcium influx in cultured rat SCG neurons.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
22761932-0	2012	Learning and nicotine interact to increase CREB phosphorylation at the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
22761932-3	2012	Both the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) are known to be integral to the consolidation of long-term memory and the disruption of MAPKs and CREB are known to abrogate some of the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	258-266	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	55-92
22761932-3	2012	Both the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) are known to be integral to the consolidation of long-term memory and the disruption of MAPKs and CREB are known to abrogate some of the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	258-266	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
22761932-3	2012	Both the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) are known to be integral to the consolidation of long-term memory and the disruption of MAPKs and CREB are known to abrogate some of the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	258-266	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	198-202
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
18807250-0	2009	Acute nicotine changes dynorphin and prodynorphin mRNA in the striatum.	Nicotine	6-14	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	23-32
18807250-0	2009	Acute nicotine changes dynorphin and prodynorphin mRNA in the striatum.	Nicotine	6-14	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	37-49
18807250-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: We determined whether administration of a single dose of nicotine alters the biosynthesis of Dyn in the striatum of mice.	Nicotine	68-76	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	104-107
18807250-4	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine free base, 1 mg/kg, sc, induced a biphasic, protracted increase of striatal Dyn, an initial rise by 1 h, which declined to control levels by 2 h, and a subsequent increase, between 6 and 12 h, lasting over 24 h. At 1 h, the nicotine effect was dose dependent, with doses&gt;or=0.5 mg/kg inducing a response.	Nicotine	9-17	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	94-97
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
18807250-7	2009	The glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 reversed the nicotine-induced increase of Dyn, while the AMPA antagonist NBQX had a marginal effect.	Nicotine	59-67	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	88-91
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	304-312	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
10093001-0	1999	Leptin levels in smokers and long-term users of nicotine gum.	Nicotine	48-56	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	304-312	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
22442718-0	2012	Chronic nicotine modifies skeletal muscle Na,K-ATPase activity through its interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and phospholemman.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	96-128
22442718-1	2012	Our previous finding that the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the Na,K-ATPase interact as a regulatory complex to modulate Na,K-ATPase activity suggested that chronic, circulating nicotine may alter this interaction, with long-term changes in the membrane potential.	Nicotine	200-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-69
22442718-1	2012	Our previous finding that the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the Na,K-ATPase interact as a regulatory complex to modulate Na,K-ATPase activity suggested that chronic, circulating nicotine may alter this interaction, with long-term changes in the membrane potential.	Nicotine	200-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
22442718-7	2012	Chronic nicotine treatment activated PKCalpha/beta2 and PKCdelta and was accompanied by parallel increases in PLM phosphorylation at Ser(63) and Ser(68).	Nicotine	8-16	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	37-45
22442718-8	2012	Collectively, these results demonstrate that nicotine at chronic doses, acting through the nAChR-Na,K-ATPase complex, is able to modulate Na,K-ATPase activity in an isoform-specific manner and that the regulatory range includes both stimulation and inhibition of enzyme activity.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
18807250-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: We interpret our findings to indicate that acute nicotine enhances the synthesis and release of striatal Dyn.	Nicotine	62-70	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	118-121
18807250-9	2009	We propose that nicotine influences Dyn primarily through dopamine release and that glutamate plays a modulatory role.	Nicotine	16-24	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	36-39
18534558-0	2008	Gene-gene interactions among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	64-72	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	45-49
10093001-8	1999	CONCLUSION: These data show that long-term use of nicotine is associated with elevated circulating leptin levels.	Nicotine	50-58	leptin	Homo sapiens	99-105
19029401-2	2008	Nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) varies across ethnicity/race and is hypothesized to affect smoking behavior.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	23-42
22291896-4	2012	CB1 receptors are expressed in the brain and modulate drug taking and drug seeking for various drugs of abuse, including nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9873232-10	1999	Therefore, nicotine prevents or abolishes the vasoconstrictive effects of PGE2 through the release of EDRF.	Nicotine	11-19	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	102-106
19029401-2	2008	Nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) varies across ethnicity/race and is hypothesized to affect smoking behavior.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	44-50
19029401-3	2008	We investigated whether higher CYP2A6 activity results in the smoker extracting more nicotine (adjusting for cigarettes per day) and being exposed to higher levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamine [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)] and pyrene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.	Nicotine	85-93	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-37
19029401-5	2008	We assessed CYP2A6 activity by nicotine metabolite ratio (total trans-3-hydroxycotinine/total cotinine) and caffeine metabolite ratio (1,7-dimethyl uric acid/1,7-dimethylxanthine) in 12 h urine.	Nicotine	31-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
19029401-9	2008	Nicotine equivalents and total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol increased with CYP2A6 activity, indicating that smokers with greater nicotine metabolism smoke more extensively and have a higher internal NNK dose.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
19029401-9	2008	Nicotine equivalents and total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol increased with CYP2A6 activity, indicating that smokers with greater nicotine metabolism smoke more extensively and have a higher internal NNK dose.	Nicotine	146-154	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
23421042-0	2012	[The role of nicotine as a modulator of the activity of acid phosphotase and cathepsin D and L in the liver and kidney of mice].	Nicotine	13-21	cathepsin D	Mus musculus	77-88
23421052-0	2012	[The awareness of addictive effect of nicotine --a questionnaire survey of students and employees of CM UMK].	Nicotine	38-46	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
9892309-6	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Smokers" low CSF concentrations of HVA may be associated either with chronic inhalation of nicotine or other constituents of tobacco smoke or with acute abstinence.	Nicotine	104-112	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
21720754-7	2012	Pretreatment with CP-154,526 (20 mg/kg), a selective CRF-R1 antagonist, 30 min before footshock exposure significantly attenuated the effect of prior stress to facilitate nicotine CPP acquisition.	Nicotine	171-179	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-59
21720754-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results suggest that during adolescence, nicotine reward is enhanced by recent stressor exposure in a manner that involves signaling at CRF-R1.	Nicotine	74-82	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-175
18779312-2	2008	A number of compounds, including nicotine, cotinine, and aflatoxin B(1), are metabolites of the 94% identical CYP2A13 and CYP2A6 enzymes but at different rates.	Nicotine	33-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	110-117
18779312-2	2008	A number of compounds, including nicotine, cotinine, and aflatoxin B(1), are metabolites of the 94% identical CYP2A13 and CYP2A6 enzymes but at different rates.	Nicotine	33-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	122-128
18687784-6	2008	The prenatal nicotine exposure also led to an increase in epididymal white adipose tissue weight at weaning (postnatal d 21), and marked hypertrophy of adipocytes, with increased gene expression of proadipogenic transcription factors such as CAAT-enhancer-binding protein-alpha, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C.	Nicotine	13-21	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	271-327
9764926-0	1998	Induction of pulmonary CYP1A1 by nicotine.	Nicotine	33-41	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
18845194-10	2008	A combination of galantamine and nicotine greatly suppressed 6-OHDA-induced reduction of TH-immunopositive/alpha7 nAChR-immunopositive neurons.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
18845194-11	2008	These results suggest that galantamine synergistically enhances the neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss through an allosteric modulation of alpha7 nAChR activation.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	196-201
18571742-1	2008	We recently found that the interfering peptide Tat-3L4F is able not only to disrupt the protein-protein interaction of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) with the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor in the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA) but also to suppress the conditioned place preference induced by cannabinoid and nicotine without significant effects on anxiety, feeding behavior and motor activity.	Nicotine	340-348	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
22019468-1	2011	The human CYP2A6 enzyme metabolises several xenobiotics including nicotine, the addictive component in tobacco.	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
22654719-6	2011	Chronic treatment with nicotine was highly efficient in preventing the effects of Abeta infusion and the exacerbating impact of chronic stress.	Nicotine	23-31	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
9764926-6	1998	In parallel with EROD activity, CYP1A1 immunoreactive protein abundance was altered significantly by nicotine treatment only in the lung, peaking at 12 h and decreasing towards control levels thereafter.	Nicotine	101-109	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-38
18848603-0	2008	Acute nicotine activates c-fos and activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein mRNA expression in limbic brain areas involved in the central stress-response in rat pups during a period of hypo-responsiveness to stress.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
9764926-8	1998	Following subcutaneous nicotine treatment, CYP1A1 mRNA was detectable in the lung at 6 and 12 h but not at 24 h, was slightly elevated in the kidney at 12 h and was detectable in the liver only at the 12-h point.	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
18848603-9	2008	Acute nicotine resulted in significant induction of c-fos expression in the PVN and CeA at P5, P7 and P10, and in the BST at P7 and P10.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
21964962-5	2011	Subjects were genotyped for CYP2A6 and classified, according to genotype, into normal, intermediate, slow, or poor nicotine metabolizers based on prior knowledge of CYP2A6 allele associations with nicotine C-oxidation rate.	Nicotine	197-205	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	165-171
9764926-11	1998	Nicotine affected the binding of Hepa 1c1c7 cytosolic protein to a CYP1A1 xenobiotic response element in a gel mobility shift assay, suggesting involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and transcriptional activation in CYP1A1 induction by the chemical.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
21784975-0	2011	Cytokine-induced alterations of alpha7 nicotinic receptor in colonic CD4 T cells mediate dichotomous response to nicotine in murine models of Th1/Th17- versus Th2-mediated colitis.	Nicotine	113-121	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	69-72
9764926-11	1998	Nicotine affected the binding of Hepa 1c1c7 cytosolic protein to a CYP1A1 xenobiotic response element in a gel mobility shift assay, suggesting involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and transcriptional activation in CYP1A1 induction by the chemical.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-229
21784975-7	2011	TCR stimulation of naive CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells in the presence of nicotine upregulated expression of Foxp3.	Nicotine	67-75	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	25-28
21784975-8	2011	In marked contrast, nicotine worsened TNBS colitis, and this was associated with increased Th17 cells among colonic CD4 T cells.	Nicotine	20-28	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	116-119
9764926-15	1998	The findings show that nicotine is a potent, rapid but transient inducer of CYP1A1 in the rat lung and suggest that the alkaloid is a likely contributor to CYP1A1 induction by cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-82
21784975-9	2011	Nicotine upregulated IL-10 and inhibited IL-17 production, which could be abolished by exogenous IL-12 that also abolished the nicotine-dependent upregulation of regulatory T cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	41-46
21784975-9	2011	Nicotine upregulated IL-10 and inhibited IL-17 production, which could be abolished by exogenous IL-12 that also abolished the nicotine-dependent upregulation of regulatory T cells.	Nicotine	127-135	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	41-46
21784975-10	2011	The dichotomous action of nicotine resulted from the up- and downregulation of anti-inflammatory alpha7 nAChR on colonic CD4 T cells induced by cytokines characteristic of the inflammatory milieu in oxazolone (IL-4) and TNBS (IL-12) colitis, respectively.	Nicotine	26-34	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	121-124
18976031-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6 gene is a major causal factor in the large interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	117-125	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	36-42
19128199-0	2008	Role of the dopamine transporter in the action of psychostimulants, nicotine, and other drugs of abuse.	Nicotine	68-76	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	12-32
9764926-15	1998	The findings show that nicotine is a potent, rapid but transient inducer of CYP1A1 in the rat lung and suggest that the alkaloid is a likely contributor to CYP1A1 induction by cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-162
19128199-3	2008	Other drugs of abuse such as nicotine, ethanol, heroin and morphine interact with the DAT in more indirect ways.	Nicotine	29-37	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
9749753-2	1998	The major isoform of nAChR in the brain is made up of the alpha4 and beta2 subunits and possesses a high affinity for nicotine.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	21-26
21610140-5	2011	We also found that nicotine administration increased the relative expression level of the antiapoptotic protein B cell lymphoma-2 versus that of the proapoptotic protein Bax in the brain.	Nicotine	19-27	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	170-173
9634548-6	1998	However, the long-term delivery of nicotine (11 months) to 14-month-old animals corresponded with the highly specific preservation of nAChRalpha4 expression in some neurons of the dentate gyrus region and in neurite processes of remaining neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	35-43	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	266-269
21665941-0	2011	Nicotine reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias by acting at beta2* nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	57-62
21665941-12	2011	These data demonstrate an essential role for beta2* nAChRs in the antidyskinetic effect of nicotine and suggest that drugs targeting these subtypes may be useful for the management of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	91-99	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	45-50
21432025-1	2011	RATIONALE: The question of the subtype(s) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediating the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine is still unsettled.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	49-81
18777128-2	2008	Considering the facts that amyloid precursor protein-binding protein, family B, member 1 (APBB1) is mapped to a suggestive linkage region on chromosome 11 for nicotine dependence (ND), and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and PD, it represents a plausible candidate for genetic study of ND.	Nicotine	159-167	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
18618634-8	2008	In all groups, nicotine reduced LPS- and PHA (0.5 microg/mL)-stimulated production of IL1beta, IL10, TGFbeta, and TNFalpha (P &lt; 0.001).	Nicotine	15-23	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	95-99
21432025-1	2011	RATIONALE: The question of the subtype(s) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediating the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine is still unsettled.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
9634548-8	1998	Furthermore, sustained long-term nicotine delivery may promote highly region-specific retention of nAChR expression, but only if initiated before normal age-related receptor decline.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	99-104
21432025-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: nAChR subtypes involved in the performance-enhancing effects of nicotine appear to vary depending on the function assessed.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
9634560-6	1998	Moreover, acetylcholine or nicotine inhibited norepinephrine-dependent serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity, which results in decreased melatonin synthesis.	Nicotine	27-35	aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	71-100
21596105-11	2011	The effects of nicotine persisted in P63 young adult brains which exhibited significantly downregulated GluR2, NR1, and NR2c expression levels in hippocampal homogenates and a considerably muted overall distribution of [3H]AMPA binding in areas CA1, CA2 and CA3, and the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	15-23	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
21596105-11	2011	The effects of nicotine persisted in P63 young adult brains which exhibited significantly downregulated GluR2, NR1, and NR2c expression levels in hippocampal homogenates and a considerably muted overall distribution of [3H]AMPA binding in areas CA1, CA2 and CA3, and the dentate gyrus.	Nicotine	15-23	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	258-261
18668346-2	2008	Graded dose-response study with nicotine showed the CD50 value for nicotine at 6.76 mg/kg.	Nicotine	32-40	intercellular adhesion molecule 5, telencephalin	Mus musculus	52-56
18668346-2	2008	Graded dose-response study with nicotine showed the CD50 value for nicotine at 6.76 mg/kg.	Nicotine	67-75	intercellular adhesion molecule 5, telencephalin	Mus musculus	52-56
9658190-10	1998	Expression of the CREB antagonist KCREB blocked the response of the chromogranin A promoter to nicotine, cAMP, or MAPK pathway activation by either chemical stimulation or cotransfection of active cascade components.	Nicotine	95-103	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
18626793-2	2008	On the other hand, by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), nicotine exhibits several neuroprotective effects.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	39-71
18626793-2	2008	On the other hand, by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), nicotine exhibits several neuroprotective effects.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
9697973-8	1998	Ultrastructurally the granule cells and the pyramidal neurons of the CA3 and CA1 regions showed increase in free ribosomes and dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi apparatus cisternae in the nicotine-treated group.	Nicotine	212-220	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
18460644-10	2008	Further development of nAChR antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked DA release and penetrate brain to antagonize DA-mediated locomotor stimulant effects of nicotine as novel treatments for nicotine addiction is warranted.	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
20625922-5	2011	Nicotine treatment reduced the LPS-mediated infiltration of leukocytes and edema as evidenced by decreased BALF inflammatory cells, myeloperoxidase, and protein.	Nicotine	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	132-147
21360300-1	2011	To establish whether somatostatin (SRIH) exerts its inhibitory effect on the nicotine-induced release of GH by interacting with an opioid pathway, normal volunteers were treated with naloxone during (2 no-filter) cigarettes smoking and with SRIH.	Nicotine	77-85	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	21-33
21546167-5	2011	In addition, nicotine or its metabolites can result in decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins 1 and 6, and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	193-207
20514075-5	2011	In animal studies, western blot analyses show an increase of HINT1 protein level in the mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc) after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	132-140	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	61-66
21606196-6	2011	ID1 levels were elevated in tumors from mice that were exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Mus musculus	0-3
18460644-10	2008	Further development of nAChR antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked DA release and penetrate brain to antagonize DA-mediated locomotor stimulant effects of nicotine as novel treatments for nicotine addiction is warranted.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
18460644-10	2008	Further development of nAChR antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked DA release and penetrate brain to antagonize DA-mediated locomotor stimulant effects of nicotine as novel treatments for nicotine addiction is warranted.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
9627107-4	1998	Pretreatment with several different nAChR agonists (A-85380, (-)-nicotine, cytisine) significantly inhibited [I-125]-5-IA binding in all brain regions studied (P &lt; 0.01) demonstrating the high specificity of the radioligand for nAChRs.	Nicotine	61-73	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	36-41
18456869-8	2008	Determination of the sensitivity to nicotine for nAChRs carrying mutations in TM2 and TM3 showed clear differences in the direction and the extent to which the window current for nicotine sensitivity was shifted for individual mutations, indicating differences in pharmacogenomic properties that are not readily correlated with increased ACh affinity.	Nicotine	36-44	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
18456869-8	2008	Determination of the sensitivity to nicotine for nAChRs carrying mutations in TM2 and TM3 showed clear differences in the direction and the extent to which the window current for nicotine sensitivity was shifted for individual mutations, indicating differences in pharmacogenomic properties that are not readily correlated with increased ACh affinity.	Nicotine	179-187	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
18033235-2	2008	Nicotine, by desensitizing beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on striatal DA axons, significantly enhances how DA is released by reward-related burst activity compared to nonreward-related tonic activity.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	53-58
18033235-4	2008	The subfamily of beta2*-nAChRs responsible for these potent synaptic effects could offer a molecular target for therapeutic strategies in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	138-146	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	17-22
22039577-8	2011	Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached &gt; 80% nAChR(OCC) while at higher doses (0.25 mg) &gt; 90% nAChR(OCC) was measured.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
22039577-8	2011	Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached &gt; 80% nAChR(OCC) while at higher doses (0.25 mg) &gt; 90% nAChR(OCC) was measured.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
22039577-8	2011	Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached &gt; 80% nAChR(OCC) while at higher doses (0.25 mg) &gt; 90% nAChR(OCC) was measured.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
9750463-0	1997	[The effects of nicotine on leptin levels in patients with android obesity].	Nicotine	16-24	leptin	Homo sapiens	28-34
18033235-9	2008	In summary, we reveal that alpha6beta2*-nAChRs dominate the effects of nicotine on DA release in NAc, whereas in CPu their role is minor alongside other beta2*-nAChRs (eg alpha4*), These data offer new insights to suggest striatal alpha6*-nAChRs as a molecular target for a therapeutic strategy for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	71-79	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	33-38
18033237-9	2008	Precipitated nicotine withdrawal through injections of one of two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide (DHbetaE: 0, 1.5, 3, or 6 mg/kg) or mecamylamine (0, 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg), did not influence baseline startle responding or LES.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	66-98
18033237-9	2008	Precipitated nicotine withdrawal through injections of one of two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide (DHbetaE: 0, 1.5, 3, or 6 mg/kg) or mecamylamine (0, 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg), did not influence baseline startle responding or LES.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
21147173-2	2011	Herein, we test the hypothesis that endogenous anorectic peptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) may be involved in these nicotine triggered physiological disturbances.	Nicotine	143-151	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	65-110
9237635-0	1997	Translocation of cytosolic annexin 2 to a Triton-insoluble membrane subdomain upon nicotine stimulation of chromaffin cultured cells.	Nicotine	83-91	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	27-36
21147173-2	2011	Herein, we test the hypothesis that endogenous anorectic peptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) may be involved in these nicotine triggered physiological disturbances.	Nicotine	143-151	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
21147173-3	2011	In acute study, an anorectic effect of intraperitoneal nicotine was significantly potentiated by intracerebroventricular pre-treatment with CART at 2 and 4 h post-injection time-points.	Nicotine	55-63	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
21147173-6	2011	These effects of nicotine were abolished if the rats were concomitantly treated with CART.	Nicotine	17-25	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
21147173-7	2011	An immunohistochemical profile of hypothalamic CART was studied following different nicotine treatment conditions.	Nicotine	84-92	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
21147173-8	2011	Acute nicotine treatment caused a significant increase above control in the CART-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and fibers in the arcuate (ARC) nuclei.	Nicotine	6-14	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
21147173-10	2011	While nicotine withdrawal reduced the population of CART-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the PVN, the immunoreactivity in the ARC fibers was increased.	Nicotine	6-14	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
21147173-11	2011	The results suggest that hypothalamic CART may process the acute, chronic and withdrawal effects of nicotine on feeding and body weight.	Nicotine	100-108	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
21159320-1	2011	Our previous genetic and proteomic studies demonstrated that dynamin 1 is significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in human smokers and its expression is highly modulated by nicotine in the brains of animals.	Nicotine	104-112	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	61-70
21783883-6	2008	Mecamylamine (10muM), dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5muM) and nicotine (10muM) efficiently prevented the decrease of alpha(4) and beta(2) nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine a weak agonist of nAChR was not efficient.	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
21783883-6	2008	Mecamylamine (10muM), dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5muM) and nicotine (10muM) efficiently prevented the decrease of alpha(4) and beta(2) nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine a weak agonist of nAChR was not efficient.	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	222-227
18338798-5	2008	Impaired fos mRNA responses to nicotine administration in the celiac ganglia of 6-OHDA-pretreated rats correlated temporally with suppressed expression of functional nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	31-39	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
18374908-0	2008	Nicotine and caffeine-mediated modulation in the expression of toxicant responsive genes and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 in 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson"s disease phenotype in mouse.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	93-126
18374908-6	2008	The study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of nicotine and caffeine on the expression and activity of toxicant responsive genes, i.e., CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 in the striatum of control and MPTP-induced PD phenotype in mouse.	Nicotine	64-72	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	197-203
18374908-10	2008	The results obtained thus suggest that nicotine and caffeine modulate MPTP-induced alterations in CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GST-ya, GST-yc, GSTA4-4 and VMAT-2 expression/activity.	Nicotine	39-47	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	Mus musculus	142-148
21159320-1	2011	Our previous genetic and proteomic studies demonstrated that dynamin 1 is significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in human smokers and its expression is highly modulated by nicotine in the brains of animals.	Nicotine	188-196	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	61-70
21159320-2	2011	To provide further molecular evidence for the involvement of dynamin 1 in the etiology of ND, we investigated the regulatory effect of nicotine on the expression of dynamin 1 using both in vivo and in vitro approaches.	Nicotine	135-143	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	165-174
21159320-4	2011	Further, dynamin 1 protein was downregulated by nicotine in the ventral tegmental area (VTA: 39.5%; P&lt;0.01), hippocampus (13.4%, P&lt;0.05), MBH (24.6%, P&lt;0.01), and amygdala (15.7%, P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	48-56	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	9-18
21159320-5	2011	We also determined the effect of nicotine on human SH-SY5Y cells and found that dynamin 1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated by nicotine after treatment (51.4%; P&lt;0.01), and a consistent decrease in the amount of the protein was also observed (36.6%; P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	33-41	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	80-89
21159320-5	2011	We also determined the effect of nicotine on human SH-SY5Y cells and found that dynamin 1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated by nicotine after treatment (51.4%; P&lt;0.01), and a consistent decrease in the amount of the protein was also observed (36.6%; P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	131-139	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	80-89
18065502-0	2008	Selegiline is a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2A6 inhibiting nicotine metabolism in humans and mice.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
9237635-3	1997	Upon nicotine stimulation 80% of total annexin 2 becomes associated with a Triton-X100-insoluble fraction where the monomeric and the heterotetrameric forms are found.	Nicotine	5-13	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	39-48
18065502-8	2008	Selegiline dose- and time-dependently inhibited nicotine metabolism by CYP2A6 (K(i) = 15.6 +/- 2.7 muM; k(inact) = 0.34 +/- 0.04 min(-1)), and the inhibition was irreversible in the presence of NADPH, indicating that it is a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP2A6.	Nicotine	48-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	71-77
18065502-8	2008	Selegiline dose- and time-dependently inhibited nicotine metabolism by CYP2A6 (K(i) = 15.6 +/- 2.7 muM; k(inact) = 0.34 +/- 0.04 min(-1)), and the inhibition was irreversible in the presence of NADPH, indicating that it is a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP2A6.	Nicotine	48-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	254-260
9100580-13	1997	As in Exp 1, subjects showed a substantially larger free cortisol response to nicotine under glucose load compared with water load (F = 4.91, P &lt; 0.001).	Nicotine	78-86	exportin 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
18248893-0	2008	Chronic nicotine stimulation modulates the immune response of mucosal T cells to Th1-dominant pattern via nAChR by upregulation of Th1-specific transcriptional factor.	Nicotine	8-16	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	81-84
18248893-0	2008	Chronic nicotine stimulation modulates the immune response of mucosal T cells to Th1-dominant pattern via nAChR by upregulation of Th1-specific transcriptional factor.	Nicotine	8-16	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	131-134
18248893-8	2008	In addition, the expression of T-bet mRNA in human LPT cells was significantly upregulated after the culture with 10(-7)M and 10(-5)M nicotine for 9 days, while chronic nicotine stimulation showed negligible effect on the expression of GATA-3 mRNA by real-time PCR.	Nicotine	134-142	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	236-242
18248893-10	2008	These results suggested that nicotine could modulate the immune balance to Th1-dominant via nAChR in the intestine, to improve Th2-type enteritis.	Nicotine	29-37	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	75-78
17932221-2	2008	Nicotinic receptors containing alpha4, alpha6, beta2, and beta3 subunits are expressed in midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and they are implicated in the response to smoked nicotine.	Nicotine	171-179	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	31-45
21443033-0	2011	Relationship between CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism, as a marker of nicotine metabolism, and ulcerative colitis.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
21443033-4	2011	Nicotine is metabolized by the enzyme CYP2A6.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
21443033-5	2011	Subjects who are homozygotes for CYP2A6*4 gene polymorphism are poor nicotine metabolizers, while homozygotes for CYP2A6*1A polymorphism are extensive metabolizers.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
9084446-0	1997	Phosphorylation by protein kinase C of annexin 2 in chromaffin cells stimulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	83-91	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	39-48
21129439-3	2011	The mRNA expression of synaptotagmin1 increased during 2- to 8-h period by intraperitoneal application of nicotine (3mg/kg), returning to the basal level in 12-h. Also, the protein level of synaptotagmin1, but not synaptophysin, in a total fraction from hippocampus increased during 4- to 12-h period by the same treatment, returning to the basal level in 24-h.	Nicotine	106-114	synaptotagmin I	Mus musculus	23-37
21129439-3	2011	The mRNA expression of synaptotagmin1 increased during 2- to 8-h period by intraperitoneal application of nicotine (3mg/kg), returning to the basal level in 12-h. Also, the protein level of synaptotagmin1, but not synaptophysin, in a total fraction from hippocampus increased during 4- to 12-h period by the same treatment, returning to the basal level in 24-h.	Nicotine	106-114	synaptotagmin I	Mus musculus	190-204
21129439-4	2011	The protein level of synaptotagmin1 in a membrane fraction from hippocampus also increased during 4- to 8-h period by nicotine, returning to the basal level in 12-h.	Nicotine	118-126	synaptotagmin I	Mus musculus	21-35
21129439-5	2011	This nicotine-enhanced synaptotagmin1 protein in a membrane fraction was inhibited by pretreatment of mecamylamine (0.3mg/kg, i.p.	Nicotine	5-13	synaptotagmin I	Mus musculus	23-37
18041664-3	2007	The absorbed nicotine is rapidly and extensively metabolized to inactive cotinine by CYP2A6 in human livers, which has a major impact on nicotine clearance.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	85-91
18041664-3	2007	The absorbed nicotine is rapidly and extensively metabolized to inactive cotinine by CYP2A6 in human livers, which has a major impact on nicotine clearance.	Nicotine	137-145	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	85-91
18041664-4	2007	Progress has been made in understanding the relationship between the inter-individual variability in nicotine metabolism and genetic polymorphisms of CYP2A6.	Nicotine	101-109	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	150-156
20924754-2	2011	Varenicline, a partial alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is effective in reducing nicotine craving and relapse in smokers, suggesting that alpha4beta2 nAChRs may play a key role in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
9084446-3	1997	Nicotine stimulation induced an increase of 32P incorporation in annexin 2 heavy chain concomitant with catecholamine release.	Nicotine	0-8	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	65-74
9040492-0	1997	Chronic nicotine treatment enhances focal ischemic brain injury and depletes free pool of brain microvascular tissue plasminogen activator in rats.	Nicotine	8-16	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	110-138
17901243-0	2007	Acute infusion of nicotine impairs nNOS-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles via an increase in oxidative stress.	Nicotine	18-26	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
21304971-4	2011	The BPH-Hmgcr promoter showed significantly less activity than the BPL-Hmgcr promoter under basal as well as nicotine/cholesterol-treated conditions.	Nicotine	109-117	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase	Mus musculus	8-13
17901243-1	2007	Our goals were to determine whether acute exposure to nicotine alters neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles and to identify a potential role for oxidative stress in nicotine-induced impairment in nNOS-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles.	Nicotine	54-62	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-100
9040492-1	1997	Effects of nicotine treatment (4.5 mg/kg of nicotine-free base/day administered s.c. by osmotic minipumps for 14 days) on focal ischemic stroke and expression of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cerebral microvessels were studied in rats in vivo using a reversible (1 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion model.	Nicotine	11-19	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	162-196
17901243-1	2007	Our goals were to determine whether acute exposure to nicotine alters neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles and to identify a potential role for oxidative stress in nicotine-induced impairment in nNOS-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles.	Nicotine	54-62	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
21266057-6	2011	Participants responded to survey items and provided blood samples for evaluation of phenotype and genotype of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 enzymes involved in nicotine and bupropion metabolism.	Nicotine	148-156	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	110-116
17901243-1	2007	Our goals were to determine whether acute exposure to nicotine alters neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles and to identify a potential role for oxidative stress in nicotine-induced impairment in nNOS-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles.	Nicotine	54-62	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	240-244
9117123-6	1997	ICI-118,551 (a selective beta 2-adrenoceptor blocker) (30 micrograms ml-1, intra-articularly) significantly attenuated the inhibitory action of high-dose (1 mg kg-1) nicotine on BK-induced plasma extravasation without affecting the inhibition by low- (0.01 microgram kg-1) dose nicotine or that on PAF-induced plasma extravasation by nicotine at any dose.	Nicotine	166-174	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	25-44
17901243-1	2007	Our goals were to determine whether acute exposure to nicotine alters neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles and to identify a potential role for oxidative stress in nicotine-induced impairment in nNOS-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles.	Nicotine	209-217	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	240-244
17901243-3	2007	We found that nNOS-dependent, but not -independent, vasodilatation was impaired during treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
17901243-4	2007	In addition, treatment of the cerebral microcirculation with tempol (1 h before infusion of nicotine) prevented nicotine-induced impairment in nNOS-dependent vasodilatation.	Nicotine	112-120	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
17901243-6	2007	Our findings suggest that acute exposure to nicotine impairs nNOS-dependent dilatation of cerebral arterioles by a mechanism that appears to be related to the formation of superoxide anion.	Nicotine	44-52	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
17944865-1	2007	We have previously demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plays an important role through the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) evoked by depolarization or the systemic administration of drugs of abuse such as morphine and nicotine.	Nicotine	298-306	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	37-65
17944865-1	2007	We have previously demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plays an important role through the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) evoked by depolarization or the systemic administration of drugs of abuse such as morphine and nicotine.	Nicotine	298-306	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	67-70
18053328-1	2007	Repeated injections of nicotine can produce an increase in locomotor activity and the expression of immediate-early gene, c-fos, in the central dopaminergic areas.	Nicotine	23-31	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
18053328-8	2007	significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced locomotor activity and expression of c-Fos in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	28-36	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
17689525-0	2007	Nicotinic and dopamine D2 receptors mediate nicotine-induced changes in ventral tegmental area neurotensin system.	Nicotine	44-52	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	95-106
17689525-4	2007	Because neurotensin has been linked with both mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine function, we examined the impact of nicotine treatment on central nervous neurotensin systems by measuring changes in neurotensin tissue content because it has been shown that such changes reflect alterations in release and activity of this peptide system.	Nicotine	119-127	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	157-168
17689525-4	2007	Because neurotensin has been linked with both mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine function, we examined the impact of nicotine treatment on central nervous neurotensin systems by measuring changes in neurotensin tissue content because it has been shown that such changes reflect alterations in release and activity of this peptide system.	Nicotine	119-127	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	157-168
17689525-7	2007	The nicotine treatment significantly decreased neurotensin-like immunoreactivity content in the ventral tegmental area, as well as related regions such as prefrontal cortex, substantia nigra, and anterior striatal region 12-18 h after drug treatment, but not the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	4-12	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	47-58
17689525-8	2007	The nicotine-mediated decrease in the neurotensin-like immunoreactivity of the ventral tegmental area was selectively blocked by a specific dopamine D(2), but not a dopamine D(1), receptor antagonist, while mecamylamine attenuated at the low (3.0 mg/kg) and completely blocked at high (6.0 mg/kg) dose this nicotine effect.	Nicotine	4-12	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
17689525-8	2007	The nicotine-mediated decrease in the neurotensin-like immunoreactivity of the ventral tegmental area was selectively blocked by a specific dopamine D(2), but not a dopamine D(1), receptor antagonist, while mecamylamine attenuated at the low (3.0 mg/kg) and completely blocked at high (6.0 mg/kg) dose this nicotine effect.	Nicotine	307-315	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
17689525-9	2007	These findings with previous studies, suggest that nicotine-mediated dopamine release activates D(2) receptors which in turn increases neurotensin release, turnover and acutely reduces tissue levels in the ventral tegmental area and other limbic and basal ganglia structures.	Nicotine	51-59	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	135-146
17881205-7	2007	The results showed that prenatal chronic nicotine exposure causes IUGR in rats (P&lt;0.01); in response to nicotine exposure, maternal serum corticosterone levels were elevated at mid- and late-gestations (P&lt;0.05); mRNA expressions of StAR and P450scc increased in maternal adrenals (P&lt;0.05 or 0.01) but decreased in fetal adrenals (P=0.16 or 0.11).	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-254
17881205-7	2007	The results showed that prenatal chronic nicotine exposure causes IUGR in rats (P&lt;0.01); in response to nicotine exposure, maternal serum corticosterone levels were elevated at mid- and late-gestations (P&lt;0.05); mRNA expressions of StAR and P450scc increased in maternal adrenals (P&lt;0.05 or 0.01) but decreased in fetal adrenals (P=0.16 or 0.11).	Nicotine	107-115	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-254
17921249-0	2007	CRF-CRF1 system activation mediates withdrawal-induced increases in nicotine self-administration in nicotine-dependent rats.	Nicotine	68-76	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
17921249-0	2007	CRF-CRF1 system activation mediates withdrawal-induced increases in nicotine self-administration in nicotine-dependent rats.	Nicotine	100-108	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
17727820-2	2007	One strategy is to develop subtype-selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked dopamine (DA) release, the primary neurotransmitter involved in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
17727820-2	2007	One strategy is to develop subtype-selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked dopamine (DA) release, the primary neurotransmitter involved in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
17727820-7	2007	TMPD completely inhibited (IC(50)=500 nM) nicotine-evoked DA release from superfused rat striatal slices, suggesting that TMPD acts as a nAChR antagonist at more than one subtype.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
17646279-1	2007	Human CYP2A6, which is predominantly expressed in liver, is a key enzyme responsible for the metabolism of nicotine, coumarin, and some pharmaceutical drugs.	Nicotine	107-115	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
17635921-10	2007	Taken together, our results strongly suggest that nicotine, via ONOO(-) activates AMPK, resulting in enhanced threonine phosphorylation and consequent inhibition of FAS.	Nicotine	50-58	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	165-168
17399881-6	2007	Western blot analysis demonstrated that nicotine up-regulated the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 (p &lt; or = 0.01).	Nicotine	40-48	claudin 1	Homo sapiens	121-130
17287824-9	2007	Nicotine induced c-fos expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), nucleus accumbens, and the superior colliculus (SC) at both ages, whereas it activated the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and consequent corticosterone secretion only in adults.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
17287824-10	2007	Acetaldehyde potentiated nicotine-induced c-fos in CeA and SC, and activation of PVN c-fos expression/plasma corticosterone release; however, this drug interaction was only observed in behaviorally tested animals, not those that were minimally stressed.	Nicotine	25-33	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
21248138-4	2011	Mutations in tao also affect behavioral responses to cocaine and nicotine, making flies resistant to the effects of both drugs.	Nicotine	65-73	Tao	Drosophila melanogaster	13-16
21919071-6	2011	However, individual variability of CYP2A6 allele,in which nicotine is catalyzed to cotinine, affects the level of urinary cotinine.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	35-41
21919071-7	2011	Approximately 20% of Japanese subjects have homozygotes or heterozygotes of the CYP2A6*4 allele, which has impaired nicotine metabolism and subsequently may underestimate the actual exposure to SHS.	Nicotine	116-124	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
21187334-3	2011	This study visualizes and quantifies the subcellular mechanisms involved in nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation by using transfected fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged alpha4 nAChR subunits and an FP-tagged Sec24D endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site marker.	Nicotine	76-84	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	166-172
21187334-5	2011	Pixel-resolved normalized Forster resonance energy transfer microscopy between alpha4-FP subunits shows that nicotine stabilizes the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) stoichiometry before the nAChRs reach the trans-Golgi apparatus.	Nicotine	109-117	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-85
21187334-5	2011	Pixel-resolved normalized Forster resonance energy transfer microscopy between alpha4-FP subunits shows that nicotine stabilizes the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) stoichiometry before the nAChRs reach the trans-Golgi apparatus.	Nicotine	109-117	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	134-140
20923448-0	2011	Nicotine modulates gelatinase B (MMP-9) and epilysin (MMP-28) expression in reconstituted human oral epithelium.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	33-38
20923448-0	2011	Nicotine modulates gelatinase B (MMP-9) and epilysin (MMP-28) expression in reconstituted human oral epithelium.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 28	Homo sapiens	44-52
20923448-0	2011	Nicotine modulates gelatinase B (MMP-9) and epilysin (MMP-28) expression in reconstituted human oral epithelium.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 28	Homo sapiens	54-60
20923448-7	2011	On the other hand, Nic increased the expression of MMP-28, and this effect was blocked both by H7 and PD, whereas Mec even enforced it.	Nicotine	19-22	matrix metallopeptidase 28	Homo sapiens	51-57
20923448-8	2011	Nic effects on MMP-9 and MMP-28 expression by oral keratinocytes were not previously reported and these data suggest MMPs expression mediated by PKC and MAPK as a possible target for Nic toxicity in oral epithelium.	Nicotine	0-3	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	15-20
20923448-8	2011	Nic effects on MMP-9 and MMP-28 expression by oral keratinocytes were not previously reported and these data suggest MMPs expression mediated by PKC and MAPK as a possible target for Nic toxicity in oral epithelium.	Nicotine	0-3	matrix metallopeptidase 28	Homo sapiens	25-31
20923448-8	2011	Nic effects on MMP-9 and MMP-28 expression by oral keratinocytes were not previously reported and these data suggest MMPs expression mediated by PKC and MAPK as a possible target for Nic toxicity in oral epithelium.	Nicotine	183-186	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	117-121
20943775-2	2011	We reported previously that nicotine suppresses constitutive nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and thereby proinflammatory cytokine (PIC) production in SHEP1 cells stably transfected with alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	28-36	SH2 domain containing 3C	Homo sapiens	161-166
20943775-3	2011	Here, we report the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine pretreatment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated SHEP1 cells.	Nicotine	49-57	SH2 domain containing 3C	Homo sapiens	110-115
22286796-5	2011	RESULTS: Our study shows that: a) kainic acid single administration increased the number of alpha-bungarotoxin insentive nicotinic receptors, b) nicotine was able to prevent such changes, c) repeated nicotine administration is capable to attenuate the damage of CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus.	Nicotine	145-153	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	262-265
22046326-8	2011	Overall, our results suggest that genetic variants potentially involved in nicotine metabolization (mainly, CYP2A6 polymorphisms) are those showing the strongest association with smoking-related phenotypes, as opposed to genetic variants influencing the brain effects of nicotine, e.g., through nicotinic acetylcholine (CHRNA5), serotoninergic (HTR2A), opioid (OPRM1) or cannabinoid receptors (CNR1).	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	108-114
21931826-9	2011	Levels of the NOD2-RIPK2 complex were no different at 8 hours post-stimulation with combinations of CSE, nicotine and TNFalpha, but at 18 hours it was increased in cells stimulated with TNFalpha+CSE but decreased with TNFalpha alone (p = 0.0330); CSE reduced TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activity (p = 0.0014) at the same time-point.	Nicotine	105-113	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
20664191-9	2011	After LPS administration, the lung wet/dry weight ratios, as an index of lung edema, and MPO activity were also markedly reduced by nicotine pretreatment.	Nicotine	132-140	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	89-92
20736992-0	2010	Cortico-thalamic connectivity is vulnerable to nicotine exposure during early postnatal development through alpha4/beta2/alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	47-55	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	115-120
20736992-7	2010	Consistent with a role for (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(2)alpha5 nAChRs in mediating the effect of developmental nicotine exposure on adult passive avoidance behavior, constitutive deletion of the alpha5 nAChR subunit also alters this behavior.	Nicotine	103-111	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	39-44
20439469-1	2010	Long-term nicotine exposure changes neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) subtype expression in the brains of smokers and experimental animals.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	36-77
20439469-1	2010	Long-term nicotine exposure changes neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) subtype expression in the brains of smokers and experimental animals.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
20439469-2	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate nicotine-induced changes in nAChR expression in two models commonly used to describe the effects of nicotine in animals: operant (two-lever presses) intravenous self-administration (SA) and passive subcutaneous nicotine administration via an osmotic minipump (MP).	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
20579680-0	2010	Induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by nicotine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells: role of osteopontin.	Nicotine	51-59	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	13-47
20579680-4	2010	In this study, we explored the potential proinflammatory role of nicotine in PDA through studying its effect on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and evaluated the role of OPN in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	65-73	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	130-170
20579680-8	2010	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment significantly increased MCP-1 expression in PDA cells.	Nicotine	9-17	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	52-57
20579680-13	2010	CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that cigarette smoking and nicotine may contribute to PDA inflammation by inducing MCP-1 and provide a novel insight into a unique role for OPN in mediating these effects.	Nicotine	56-64	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	112-117
20456288-5	2010	Based on knockout mice studies, beta2 nAChRs are thought to be essential in mediating the cognitive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	32-37
20477753-6	2010	We found that URB597 blocked effects of nicotine and cocaine in the ShNAc through activation of both surface cannabinoid CB1-receptors and alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor.	Nicotine	40-48	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
20438369-0	2010	Association between nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6*1 and CYP2A6*4 genotypes in an Iranian population.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	44-50
20438369-0	2010	Association between nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6*1 and CYP2A6*4 genotypes in an Iranian population.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	57-63
20438369-2	2010	Among this family, CYP2A6 is one of the most important enzymes for metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	19-25
20438369-3	2010	In this study, the linkage of CYP2A6*1 and CYP2A6*4 genotypes with nicotine metabolism was investigated.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	30-36
20438369-3	2010	In this study, the linkage of CYP2A6*1 and CYP2A6*4 genotypes with nicotine metabolism was investigated.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
20438369-8	2010	Cotinine formation from nicotine has individual and ethnic variability that correlated with the level of CYP2A6 expression.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
20198379-0	2010	A common FMO3 polymorphism may amplify the effect of nicotine exposure in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).	Nicotine	53-61	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	9-13
20198379-4	2010	The flavin-monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is one of the enzymes metabolising nicotine, and several polymorphisms have already been described in this gene.	Nicotine	69-77	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	4-26
20198379-4	2010	The flavin-monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is one of the enzymes metabolising nicotine, and several polymorphisms have already been described in this gene.	Nicotine	69-77	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	28-32
20392695-1	2010	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) composed of alpha4 + beta2 subunits, the high affinity nicotine-binding site in the mammalian brain, up-regulate in response to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	106-114	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
20392695-1	2010	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) composed of alpha4 + beta2 subunits, the high affinity nicotine-binding site in the mammalian brain, up-regulate in response to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	187-195	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
20200117-10	2010	The decline in AIMs with combined nicotine and mecamylamine treatment was not additive, suggesting that nicotine exerts its effects via a nAChR interaction.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
20200117-10	2010	The decline in AIMs with combined nicotine and mecamylamine treatment was not additive, suggesting that nicotine exerts its effects via a nAChR interaction.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
20200117-11	2010	This latter finding, combined with data showing that mecamylamine reduced AIMs to a similar extent as nicotine, and that nicotine or mecamylamine treatment both decreased alpha6beta2* and increased alpha4beta2* nAChR expression, suggests that the nicotine-mediated improvement in L-DOPA-induced AIMs may involve a desensitization block.	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	211-216
20200117-11	2010	This latter finding, combined with data showing that mecamylamine reduced AIMs to a similar extent as nicotine, and that nicotine or mecamylamine treatment both decreased alpha6beta2* and increased alpha4beta2* nAChR expression, suggests that the nicotine-mediated improvement in L-DOPA-induced AIMs may involve a desensitization block.	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	211-216
20079464-5	2010	Furthermore, nicotine-induced ICAM-1 expression was reduced by NS-398 (selective COX-2 inhibitor).	Nicotine	13-21	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	30-36
20079464-6	2010	Taken together, the present study demonstrated that nicotine-induced COX-2 expression through NF-kappaB activation which mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the induction of COX-2 was related to ICAM-1 expression.	Nicotine	52-60	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	208-214
20004706-7	2010	The nicotine-induced theta activity was inhibited by non-selective nAChR antagonists and partially by an alpha7* nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
20004706-7	2010	The nicotine-induced theta activity was inhibited by non-selective nAChR antagonists and partially by an alpha7* nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
20004706-8	2010	The induction of theta frequency oscillations in CA3 by nicotine was mimicked alpha7* nAChR agonists but not by non-alpha7* nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
20203212-8	2010	The amplitude, but not the decay rate, of nicotine-evoked transients was reduced by beta2* knock-out.	Nicotine	42-50	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	84-89
20012030-4	2010	RESULTS: Liver samples with variant CYP2A6 alleles had significantly lower CYP2A6 protein expression, nicotine C-oxidation activity, and affinity for nicotine.	Nicotine	102-110	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	36-42
20012030-4	2010	RESULTS: Liver samples with variant CYP2A6 alleles had significantly lower CYP2A6 protein expression, nicotine C-oxidation activity, and affinity for nicotine.	Nicotine	150-158	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	36-42
20136358-1	2010	AIMS: Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a human enzyme best known for metabolizing nicotine and nitrosamine precarcinogens.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-25
20136358-1	2010	AIMS: Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a human enzyme best known for metabolizing nicotine and nitrosamine precarcinogens.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
20136358-8	2010	CONCLUSION: As new variants are discovered, the relationships between CYP2A6 genotype, nicotine metabolism, smoking behaviors and tobacco-related cancer risk will be further clarified.	Nicotine	87-95	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	70-76
19778953-12	2010	In conclusion, the current study shows for the first time that chronic exposure to nicotine impairs cholinergic angiogenesis, an effect mediated by downregulation of the vascular nAChR, and attenuation of nicotine-induced VEGF release.	Nicotine	83-91	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	222-226
19778953-12	2010	In conclusion, the current study shows for the first time that chronic exposure to nicotine impairs cholinergic angiogenesis, an effect mediated by downregulation of the vascular nAChR, and attenuation of nicotine-induced VEGF release.	Nicotine	205-213	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	222-226
20339300-8	2010	Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Bcl-2, Pax3, Bmp4 and Slug was down-regulated in the nicotine group, while the expression of P53, Bax and Msx1 was up-regulated.	Nicotine	100-108	snail family transcriptional repressor 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
20339300-8	2010	Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of Bcl-2, Pax3, Bmp4 and Slug was down-regulated in the nicotine group, while the expression of P53, Bax and Msx1 was up-regulated.	Nicotine	100-108	msh homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
19741199-5	2009	Treatment of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) with the cholinergic agonists nicotine and GTS-21 significantly reduced IL-6-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and ICAM-1 expression which are regulated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Nicotine	149-157	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	263-269
19749751-0	2009	Nicotine activates the chemosensory cation channel TRPA1.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	51-56
19749751-3	2009	In contrast with this view, we found that the chemosensory cation channel transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) is crucially involved in nicotine-induced irritation.	Nicotine	139-147	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	107-112
9194685-3	1997	Nicotine treatment blocked naloxone induced LH release and reduced LHRH induced increases in serum LH.	Nicotine	0-8	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
19749751-6	2009	In the presence of the general nAChR blocker hexamethonium, nociceptive neurons showed nicotine-induced responses that were strongly reduced in TRPA1-deficient mice.	Nicotine	87-95	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	144-149
19749751-7	2009	Finally, TRPA1 mediated the mouse airway constriction reflex to nasal instillation of nicotine.	Nicotine	86-94	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	9-14
19749751-8	2009	The identification of TRPA1 as a nicotine target suggests that existing models of nicotine-induced irritation should be revised and may facilitate the development of smoking cessation therapies with less adverse effects.	Nicotine	33-41	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	22-27
19749751-8	2009	The identification of TRPA1 as a nicotine target suggests that existing models of nicotine-induced irritation should be revised and may facilitate the development of smoking cessation therapies with less adverse effects.	Nicotine	82-90	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	22-27
19482438-0	2009	Association of genes coding for the alpha-4, alpha-5, beta-2 and beta-3 subunits of nicotinic receptors with cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	131-139	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-52
19740369-1	2009	Recent evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the age at onset could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with alcohol and nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	190-198	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	162-166
19403274-3	2009	Lypd6 overexpressed in trigeminal ganglia neurons selectively enhanced the Ca2+-component of nicotine-evoked currents through nAChRs, as evidenced by comparative whole-cell patch clamp recordings and Ca2+-imaging in wildtype and transgenic mice overexpressing Lypd6.	Nicotine	93-101	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Mus musculus	0-5
19403274-3	2009	Lypd6 overexpressed in trigeminal ganglia neurons selectively enhanced the Ca2+-component of nicotine-evoked currents through nAChRs, as evidenced by comparative whole-cell patch clamp recordings and Ca2+-imaging in wildtype and transgenic mice overexpressing Lypd6.	Nicotine	93-101	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Mus musculus	260-265
19403274-4	2009	In contrast, a knockdown of Lypd6 expression using siRNAs selectively reduced nicotine-evoked Ca2+-currents.	Nicotine	78-86	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Mus musculus	28-33
19403274-7	2009	These mice overexpressing Lypd6 mice were also more sensitive to the analgesic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	90-98	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Mus musculus	26-31
19421772-3	2009	For example, the TRPC channels TRP-1 and TRP-2 control nicotine-dependent behavior, while TRP-3, a sperm TRPC channel, is regulated by sperm activation and required for sperm-egg interactions during fertilization.	Nicotine	55-63	TRP (transient receptor potential) channel family	Caenorhabditis elegans	41-46
19654299-5	2009	Silencing of PPARbeta/delta attenuated the stimulatory effect of nicotine on cell growth, which was overcome by transfection of an exogenous PPARbeta/delta expression vector.	Nicotine	65-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	13-21
19654299-5	2009	Silencing of PPARbeta/delta attenuated the stimulatory effect of nicotine on cell growth, which was overcome by transfection of an exogenous PPARbeta/delta expression vector.	Nicotine	65-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	141-149
19654299-6	2009	Of note, nicotine induced complex formation between alpha7 nAChR and PPARbeta/delta protein and increased PPARbeta/delta gene promoter activity through inhibition of AP-2alpha as shown by reduced AP-2alpha binding using electrophoretic gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.	Nicotine	9-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	69-77
19654299-6	2009	Of note, nicotine induced complex formation between alpha7 nAChR and PPARbeta/delta protein and increased PPARbeta/delta gene promoter activity through inhibition of AP-2alpha as shown by reduced AP-2alpha binding using electrophoretic gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.	Nicotine	9-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	106-114
19654299-6	2009	Of note, nicotine induced complex formation between alpha7 nAChR and PPARbeta/delta protein and increased PPARbeta/delta gene promoter activity through inhibition of AP-2alpha as shown by reduced AP-2alpha binding using electrophoretic gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.	Nicotine	9-17	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	166-175
19654299-6	2009	Of note, nicotine induced complex formation between alpha7 nAChR and PPARbeta/delta protein and increased PPARbeta/delta gene promoter activity through inhibition of AP-2alpha as shown by reduced AP-2alpha binding using electrophoretic gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.	Nicotine	9-17	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	196-205
19654299-7	2009	In addition, silencing of Sp1 attenuated the effect of nicotine on PPARbeta/delta.	Nicotine	55-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	67-75
19654299-8	2009	Collectively, our results show that nicotine increases PPARbeta/delta gene expression through alpha7 nAChR-mediated activation of PI3K/mTOR signals that inhibit AP-2alpha protein expression and DNA binding activity to the PPARbeta/delta gene promoter.	Nicotine	36-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	55-63
19654299-8	2009	Collectively, our results show that nicotine increases PPARbeta/delta gene expression through alpha7 nAChR-mediated activation of PI3K/mTOR signals that inhibit AP-2alpha protein expression and DNA binding activity to the PPARbeta/delta gene promoter.	Nicotine	36-44	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	161-170
19654299-8	2009	Collectively, our results show that nicotine increases PPARbeta/delta gene expression through alpha7 nAChR-mediated activation of PI3K/mTOR signals that inhibit AP-2alpha protein expression and DNA binding activity to the PPARbeta/delta gene promoter.	Nicotine	36-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	222-230
19365400-1	2009	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the primary human enzyme involved in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
19365400-1	2009	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the primary human enzyme involved in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
19365400-7	2009	In vitro, CYP2A6.35 had decreased nicotine C-oxidation activity and thermal stability.	Nicotine	34-42	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
17662528-1	2007	Recent animal studies have suggested an association between nicotine and alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels.	Nicotine	60-68	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	88-121
17662528-1	2007	Recent animal studies have suggested an association between nicotine and alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels.	Nicotine	60-68	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	123-127
17662528-2	2007	However, the role of BDNF in humans with nicotine dependence has not yet been investigated.	Nicotine	41-49	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	21-25
17675796-6	2007	Furthermore, the AChR agonists nicotine and carbachol did not affect the neurite outgrowth induced by NGF.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
17525161-4	2007	Here we discovered that treatment of cells with nicotine not only enhances PKCzeta activity but also results in Bax phosphorylation and prolonged cell survival, which is suppressed by a PKCzeta specific inhibitor (a myristoylated PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide).	Nicotine	48-56	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	75-82
17525161-4	2007	Here we discovered that treatment of cells with nicotine not only enhances PKCzeta activity but also results in Bax phosphorylation and prolonged cell survival, which is suppressed by a PKCzeta specific inhibitor (a myristoylated PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide).	Nicotine	48-56	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	186-193
17525161-4	2007	Here we discovered that treatment of cells with nicotine not only enhances PKCzeta activity but also results in Bax phosphorylation and prolonged cell survival, which is suppressed by a PKCzeta specific inhibitor (a myristoylated PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide).	Nicotine	48-56	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	186-193
17525161-8	2007	Specific depletion of PKCzeta by RNA interference blocks nicotine-stimulated Bax phosphorylation and enhances apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	57-65	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	22-29
17161559-1	2007	Genetic variation in CYP2A6 (the main nicotine metabolizing enzyme) accounts for some, but not all, of the interindividual and interethnic variability in the rates of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	38-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
17161559-1	2007	Genetic variation in CYP2A6 (the main nicotine metabolizing enzyme) accounts for some, but not all, of the interindividual and interethnic variability in the rates of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	167-175	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
17401441-3	2007	We have now used brain slices to investigate nicotine-induced catecholamine outflow in wild type (WT) and nAChR (beta2 and alpha5) knockout mice for a comparison with rat brain slice preparations.	Nicotine	45-53	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	113-118
17401441-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Targeted deletion of the beta2 subunit gene essentially abolished the effect of nicotine, indicating that this subunit is an essential constituent of nAChRs that indirectly (via action potentials) induce catecholamine release from hippocampal and striatal slices in mice.	Nicotine	110-118	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	55-60
9194685-7	1997	They also indicate that chronic nicotine treatment can reduce the pituitary gland response to LHRH.	Nicotine	32-40	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
8751979-8	1996	Long-term incubations with micromolar concentrations of nicotine markedly increased the number of cells forming cornified envelopes and the number of cells staining with antibodies to suprabasal keratin 10, transglutaminase type I, involucrin, and filaggrin.	Nicotine	56-64	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	195-205
8842401-3	1996	One month later the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and nicotine was locally applied to CA1 pyramidal neurons using pressure microejection.	Nicotine	66-74	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
8743632-5	1996	Might NPFF also play a role in nicotine dependence?	Nicotine	31-39	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
8531142-5	1995	Long-term (24 hr) stimulation of BAMC cells with nicotine also increased proENK mRNA level.	Nicotine	49-57	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	73-79
8531142-9	1995	However, these agents were ineffective in blocking the long-term secretion of ME and proENK mRNA level induced by nicotine when BAMC cells were posttreated after 9 and 12 hr.	Nicotine	114-122	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	85-91
19336664-3	2009	Studies suggest a role for calcium-dependent mechanisms, such as L-type calcium channels and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), in the effects of nicotine dependence; however, the role of these mechanisms in nicotine-mediated behaviors is unclear.	Nicotine	168-176	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	93-139
8838253-7	1995	The high dose of nicotine evoked an increase in ODC at all ages and the low dose exacerbated the effects of hypoxia at 8 days of age.	Nicotine	17-25	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
19336664-3	2009	Studies suggest a role for calcium-dependent mechanisms, such as L-type calcium channels and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), in the effects of nicotine dependence; however, the role of these mechanisms in nicotine-mediated behaviors is unclear.	Nicotine	168-176	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	141-147
19336664-4	2009	Thus, the goal of this study was to elucidate the role of L-type calcium channels and CaMKII in nicotine withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	96-104	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	86-92
19336664-6	2009	Although our data do provide evidence of a role for CaMKII in nicotine withdrawal behaviors, our pharmacological and genetic assessments yielded different results concerning the specific role of the kinase.	Nicotine	62-70	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	52-58
19336664-7	2009	Pharmacological data suggest that CaMKII is involved in somatic signs and affective nicotine withdrawal, and activity level is decreased after nicotine withdrawal, whereas the genetic assessments yielded results suggesting that CaMKII is involved only in the anxiety-related response, yet the kinase activity may be increased after nicotine withdrawal; thus, future studies are necessary to clarify the precise behavioral specifics of the relevance of CaMKII in nicotine withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	84-92	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	34-40
19336664-8	2009	Overall, our data show that L-type calcium channels and CaMKII are relevant in nicotine withdrawal and differentially mediate nicotine withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	79-87	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	56-62
7697878-8	1994	Also, in cultured chick cells, nicotine inhibits the ability of a potent mitogen (insulin) to induce ODC activity, but, paradoxically, in ovo nicotine exposure increased insulin binding and stimulated insulin receptor autophosphorylation in brain membranes.	Nicotine	142-150	insulin receptor	Gallus gallus	201-217
19336664-8	2009	Overall, our data show that L-type calcium channels and CaMKII are relevant in nicotine withdrawal and differentially mediate nicotine withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	126-134	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	56-62
7894225-0	1994	Nicotine-induced gene expression of proenkephalin in bovine chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	36-49
7894225-1	1994	The induction of the proenkephalin gene by nicotine has been characterized in bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	43-51	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	21-34
17418863-2	2007	Nicotine, the most potent constituent of cigarette smoke, augments the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which increases vascular permeability.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	82-116
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	70-83
17418863-2	2007	Nicotine, the most potent constituent of cigarette smoke, augments the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which increases vascular permeability.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	118-122
19434638-2	2009	These compounds were tested as inhibitors of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13--two cytochrome P450 enzymes present in the respiratory tract--with a view to preventing the formation of carcinogenic metabolites of nicotine and inhibiting the metabolism of fragrances.	Nicotine	198-206	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	45-51
19434638-2	2009	These compounds were tested as inhibitors of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13--two cytochrome P450 enzymes present in the respiratory tract--with a view to preventing the formation of carcinogenic metabolites of nicotine and inhibiting the metabolism of fragrances.	Nicotine	198-206	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	56-63
17418863-9	2007	This correlated with a significant increase in peritoneal VEGF levels occurring at 6 and 24 h in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	101-109	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	58-62
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	130-143
17418863-11	2007	This effect may be mediated through a direct augmentation of peritoneal VEGF release by nicotine with a subsequent increase in mesenteric endothelial permeability.	Nicotine	88-96	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	72-76
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	130-143
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	152-160	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	70-83
19494136-0	2009	Chronic nicotine blunts hypoxic sensitivity in perinatal rat adrenal chromaffin cells via upregulation of KATP channels: role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha.	Nicotine	8-16	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-204
19494136-6	2009	Both K(ATP) current density and K(ATP) channel subunit (Kir 6.2) expression were significantly enhanced in nicotine-exposed cells relative to controls.	Nicotine	107-115	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	56-63
19453497-0	2009	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation mediates nicotine-induced enhancement of experimental periodontitis.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
17267622-1	2007	Human CYP2A6 is responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and its genetic polymorphisms affect smoking behavior and risk of lung cancer.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
17267622-4	2007	The plasma cotinine/nicotine ratio in subjects possessing the novel CYP2A6 gene duplication with the CYP2A6*1 allele (10.8 +/- 7.0, n = 4) was 1.4-fold higher than that in homozygotes of the wild type (8.0 +/- 5.0, n = 87), although the difference was not statistically significant.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	68-74
17267622-4	2007	The plasma cotinine/nicotine ratio in subjects possessing the novel CYP2A6 gene duplication with the CYP2A6*1 allele (10.8 +/- 7.0, n = 4) was 1.4-fold higher than that in homozygotes of the wild type (8.0 +/- 5.0, n = 87), although the difference was not statistically significant.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	101-107
17267622-5	2007	The findings in the present study suggested that the novel duplicated CYP2A6 allele, which is specific for African Americans, would increase nicotine metabolism and may affect smoking behavior.	Nicotine	141-149	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	70-76
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	152-160	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	130-143
17286987-0	2007	Nicotine-induced vascular endothelial growth factor release via the EGFR-ERK pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	152-160	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	130-143
17286987-5	2007	Hexamethonium, an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), inhibited nicotine-induced VEGF release.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	32-64
17286987-5	2007	Hexamethonium, an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), inhibited nicotine-induced VEGF release.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
19300303-5	2009	DNA was genotyped to confirm zygosity and for variation in the gene for the primary nicotine metabolic enzyme, CYP2A6 (variants genotyped: *1B, *1 x 2, *2, *4, *9, *12).	Nicotine	84-92	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	111-117
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	245-253	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	130-143
18973546-0	2009	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation mediates nicotine-induced enhancement of experimental periodontitis.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
17286987-9	2007	Furthermore, AG1478, a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase, inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and VEGF release.	Nicotine	104-112	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	46-78
17286987-9	2007	Furthermore, AG1478, a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase, inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and VEGF release.	Nicotine	104-112	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
7894225-2	1994	Nicotine (10 microM) caused an approximately fourfold increase in the proenkephalin mRNA levels within 24 h. The half-life of the proenkephalin mRNA in nicotine-stimulated cells was similar to that in control cells (about 13 h), indicating that nicotine does not affect mRNA stability but acts at the levels of proenkephalin gene transcription.	Nicotine	245-253	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	130-143
17286987-10	2007	These data suggest that nicotine releases VEGF through nAChR in VSMC.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
7894225-3	1994	This was also supported by experiments showing that the expression of a proenkephalin chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene (PENKCAT-153/+50) containing 153 nucleotides of upstream promoter sequences is increased (about twofold) by nicotine after transient transfection in the chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	243-251	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	72-85
17286987-11	2007	Moreover, VEGF release induced by nicotine is mediated by an EGFR-ERK pathway in VSMC.	Nicotine	34-42	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
7862733-1	1994	The anxiolytic-like effect of (-)-nicotine (1.9 mumol/kg, IP) on the elevated plus-maze in CD1 mice was blocked by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (1 and 10 mumol/kg, IP).	Nicotine	30-42	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	91-94
17204496-6	2007	Nicotine application to dissociated ciliary ganglion neurons diminished subsequent GABAA receptor responses to GABA.	Nicotine	0-8	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	83-88
17254563-4	2007	In the present study, we examined the effect of increasing concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 microM of nicotine on the expression of ICAM-1, B7.1, B7.2 and CD40, production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 and proliferation of lymphocytes during mixed lymphocyte reaction treated with IL-18 at 100 ng/ml for 48 h. Nicotine inhibited the expression of adhesion molecules, cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation.	Nicotine	108-116	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	138-144
19793020-1	2009	The nicotine metabolism of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*1A,*1B, and *1C), and the cholecystokinin (CCK; which modulates the release of dopamine) and CCK-A receptor gene and personality traits for NEO-FFI, was investigated for the mechanism for elucidation of the smoking behavior in Japanese populations.	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
19793020-1	2009	The nicotine metabolism of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*1A,*1B, and *1C), and the cholecystokinin (CCK; which modulates the release of dopamine) and CCK-A receptor gene and personality traits for NEO-FFI, was investigated for the mechanism for elucidation of the smoking behavior in Japanese populations.	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	35-41
19077124-7	2009	Chronic nicotine enhancement of LTP was found to be dependent on PKA, ERK and Src kinases.	Nicotine	8-16	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
8150086-2	1994	We here show that both nicotine and cytisine stimulate [3H]serotonin release in a dose-dependent manner; this effect is antagonized by alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgtx) and alpha-conotoxin MI (alpha Ctx).	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	197-200
19492919-0	2009	Nicotine affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of hypoxic newborn piglets.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	35-68
19287496-0	2009	FOXM1 upregulation is an early event in human squamous cell carcinoma and it is enhanced by nicotine during malignant transformation.	Nicotine	92-100	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19287496-9	2009	Screening putative carcinogens in human oral keratinocytes surprisingly showed that nicotine, which is not perceived to be a human carcinogen, directly induced FOXM1 mRNA, protein stabilisation and transcriptional activity at concentrations relevant to tobacco chewers.	Nicotine	84-92	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	160-165
17215434-9	2007	More importantly, concomitant administration of PPAR-gamma agonists can effectively attenuate many of the effects of in utero exposure to nicotine on ATII cells.	Nicotine	138-146	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
19287496-10	2009	Importantly, nicotine also augmented FOXM1-induced transformation of human oral keratinocytes.	Nicotine	13-21	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	37-42
17916973-4	2007	Activity of HMG CoA reductase and concentration of cholesterol were increased in the testes of the nicotine administered group.	Nicotine	99-107	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	12-29
8150086-3	1994	Nicotine and cytisine stimulate in vitro SCLC proliferation and this effect is completely antagonized by both alpha Bgtx and alpha Ctx.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
18950690-8	2008	Nicotine increased Fos expression in orexin neurons projecting to both basal forebrain and PVT.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
8186667-4	1994	When fragments of human adipose tissue after 1 week in culture were incubated with nicotine tartrate for 20 h, a slight but significant increase in lipoprotein lipase activity was observed, and an increased conversion of [14C]glucose to 14CO2 and [14C]triglyceride occurred.	Nicotine	83-100	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	148-166
18986852-7	2008	At all ages, alpha4 co-localized with 5-HT neurons, indicating a potential site of interaction whereby exogenous nicotine may adversely affect 5-HT neuronal development and function.	Nicotine	113-121	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
18835254-0	2008	Nicotine induces cell proliferation in association with cyclin D1 up-regulation and inhibits cell differentiation in association with p53 regulation in a murine pre-osteoblastic cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	56-65
17177960-8	2007	In addition, increased circulating interkeukin (IL)-10 and cortisol levels were also noted in nicotine subjects.	Nicotine	94-102	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	35-54
17934923-1	2007	We performed a survey on the relationship between nicotine dependence and psychological (the personality traits using neuroticism extroversion openess-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI)/nicotine metabolism (the CYP2A6 gene polymorphism) factors among Japanese young students to elucidate the mechanism of the development of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	208-214
17330864-0	2007	Presynaptic calcium stores contribute to nicotine-elicited potentiation of evoked synaptic transmission at CA3-CA1 connections in the neonatal rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	41-49	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	107-114
18835254-4	2008	Nicotine induced cell proliferation in association with p53 down-regulation and cyclin D1 up-regulation.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	80-89
8275974-8	1994	These studies also suggest that enhancement of [3H]nicotine binding by activated protein kinase A may not involve synthesis of new receptor subunit proteins.	Nicotine	51-59	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	81-97
19020025-3	2008	Although the beta2 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been shown to play a crucial role in mediating the reinforcement properties of nicotine, little is known about the contribution of the different alpha subunit partners of beta2 (i.e., alpha4 and alpha6), the homo-pentameric alpha7, and the brain areas other than the ventral tegmental area (VTA) involved in nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	167-175	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	13-18
7906947-12	1993	Long-term treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor tacrine increase the uptake of [11C]nicotine.	Nicotine	90-98	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	29-43
18588903-13	2008	Further, our results indicate that the endocannabinoid system is involved in context-induced relapse to nicotine seeking, and as such these data provide further evidence for the use of CB1 antagonists in smoking cessation.	Nicotine	104-112	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-188
17041007-3	2007	The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that the beta2 nicotinic receptor subunit plays a central role in nicotine-induced spinal antinociception via calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II activation.	Nicotine	129-137	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	72-77
17041007-5	2007	nicotine in the tail-flick test did not significantly differ in wild-type and alpha7 knockout (KO) animals but were lost in beta2 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	124-129
17041007-7	2007	administration of nicotine was investigated in wild-type and beta2 and alpha7 knockout mice, the increase in calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II activity was not significant reduced in alpha7 KO mice but was eliminated in the beta2 KO mice.	Nicotine	18-26	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	248-253
17657162-5	2007	Fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis showed that nicotine induced expression of functionally active VCAM-1/ICAM-1, since they increased leukocyte adherence to HCAECs.	Nicotine	56-64	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	114-120
17657162-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: Real-time PCR showed that nicotine induced a dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels for vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).	Nicotine	47-55	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	156-189
17657162-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: Real-time PCR showed that nicotine induced a dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels for vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).	Nicotine	47-55	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	191-197
7901211-2	1993	Nicotine, a major component of tobacco smoke, stimulates catecholamine secretion and activates catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in adrenal medullary cells.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	195-198
7901211-3	1993	We investigated the effect of long term treatment with nicotine on TH and DBH gene expression in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells.	Nicotine	55-63	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
16636685-2	2006	Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2A6 contribute to the interindividual variability of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
7901211-4	1993	Nicotine treatment for 1-2 days increased both the TH and DBH mRNA levels.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
7693872-4	1993	Combinations of IBMX plus nicotine, VIP, or histamine also synergistically enhanced proenkephalin synthesis, with no further elevation when the cells were also pretreated with pertussis toxin.	Nicotine	26-34	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	84-97
16969683-1	2006	RATIONALE: We previously reported that the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, rimonabant, impaired the acquisition and the short-term (24 h), but not long-term (3 weeks), expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	233-241	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
16969683-11	2006	However, endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms are critically involved in the development of the neuroadaptive changes responsible for the shift from CB1-dependent to CB1-independent expression of nicotine incentive learning.	Nicotine	196-204	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
16969683-11	2006	However, endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms are critically involved in the development of the neuroadaptive changes responsible for the shift from CB1-dependent to CB1-independent expression of nicotine incentive learning.	Nicotine	196-204	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
16949560-2	2006	This study evaluated the disruptive effects of nicotine on response rates in the presence of bupropion and the nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, as well as the ability of these drugs to alter nicotine-stimulated nAChR function in various brain areas.	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	210-215
16901939-3	2006	Here, the patch-clamp technique was used to assess the contribution of alpha7 and beta2-containing (alpha7* and beta2*) nAChRs to nicotine-elicited modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic activity at the network and single-cell level in the immature hippocampus of wild-type (WT), alpha7-/- and beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	130-138	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	82-87
8321394-1	1993	The effect of aging upon the responsiveness of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons to nicotine was investigated using electrophysiological techniques in male Fischer 344 rats.	Nicotine	84-92	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
16901939-3	2006	Here, the patch-clamp technique was used to assess the contribution of alpha7 and beta2-containing (alpha7* and beta2*) nAChRs to nicotine-elicited modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic activity at the network and single-cell level in the immature hippocampus of wild-type (WT), alpha7-/- and beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	130-138	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	112-117
16901939-4	2006	We found that alpha7* and beta2* nAChRs were sufficient to modulate nicotine-induced increase in frequency of spontaneously occurring giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs), which are generated at the network level by the synergistic action of glutamate and depolarizing GABA, and thought to play a crucial role in neuronal wiring.	Nicotine	68-76	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	26-31
16901939-7	2006	We found that early in postnatal life alpha7* and beta2* nAChRs exert a fine regional modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission that underlies nicotine-elicited changes in network synchronization.	Nicotine	156-164	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	50-55
8321394-6	1993	Nicotine was locally applied to electrophysiologically identified CA1 pyramidal neurons using pressure microejection from two-barreled glass microelectrodes.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
17035386-1	2006	CYP2A6 inactivates nicotine to cotinine and cotinine to 3-hydroxycotinine.	Nicotine	19-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
8321394-9	1993	An age-related increase in the responsiveness of CA1 pyramidal neurons to locally applied nicotine was observed.	Nicotine	90-98	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
17035386-2	2006	We investigated which of plasma nicotine and metabolites were most related to CYP2A6 genotype and smoking levels.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
8321394-10	1993	The results of this study suggest that an increase in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell responsiveness to nicotine could be related to the impaired place learning ability seen with aging.	Nicotine	103-111	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
17035386-5	2006	3-Hydroxycotinine/cotinine is reported to be a good marker of CYP2A6 activity, and we found that the 3-hydroxycotinine/(cotinine + nicotine) ratio was most correlated with CYP2A6 genotype (r = 0.38, P &lt; 0.001).	Nicotine	131-139	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	172-178
1493543-4	1992	Thymopoietin did not appreciably alter myotube morphology on its own; however, it prevented the effects of nicotine and carbachol on muscle cell morphology at concentrations (1-10 nM) which corresponded well to those with which thymopoietin interacted at the receptor.	Nicotine	107-115	thymopoietin	Homo sapiens	0-12
17035386-7	2006	Nicotine metabolism is slower in smokers, and we have shown that CYP2A6 is reduced by nicotine treatment in monkeys.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
17035386-7	2006	Nicotine metabolism is slower in smokers, and we have shown that CYP2A6 is reduced by nicotine treatment in monkeys.	Nicotine	86-94	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
17035386-8	2006	Here, we found that plasma nicotine levels were inversely correlated with CYP2A6 activity (3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine, r = -0.41, P &lt; 0.001) among those without CYP2A6 variants, suggesting a reduction in metabolism with higher nicotine levels.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
17035386-8	2006	Here, we found that plasma nicotine levels were inversely correlated with CYP2A6 activity (3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine, r = -0.41, P &lt; 0.001) among those without CYP2A6 variants, suggesting a reduction in metabolism with higher nicotine levels.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	164-170
17035386-8	2006	Here, we found that plasma nicotine levels were inversely correlated with CYP2A6 activity (3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine, r = -0.41, P &lt; 0.001) among those without CYP2A6 variants, suggesting a reduction in metabolism with higher nicotine levels.	Nicotine	230-238	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
16874522-0	2006	Gene-based analysis suggests association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta1 subunit (CHRNB1) and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM1) with vulnerability for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Nicotine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
16837661-8	2006	The results indicate that nicotine directly excites NTS units by gustatory nerves and inhibits their tastant-evoked responses by a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated excitation of trigeminal afferents that inhibit NTS units centrally.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	131-163
16825297-2	2006	beta4 subunits are also richly expressed and colocalize with alpha4 subunits in several brain regions implicated in behavioural responses to nicotine and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	141-149	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-67
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Nicotine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
16825297-2	2006	beta4 subunits are also richly expressed and colocalize with alpha4 subunits in several brain regions implicated in behavioural responses to nicotine and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	154-162	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-67
16825297-11	2006	Diversity in alpha4*-nAChR is of potential relevance to nervous system function, disease, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	94-102	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
1446750-4	1992	The biosynthesized CNP-(1-103) was co-released with its mature forms, typically CNP-(51-103), upon stimulation by nicotine or depolarizing agents.	Nicotine	114-122	natriuretic peptide C	Bos taurus	19-22
16952495-1	2006	Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 metabolizes nicotine to cotinine and is a possible modulator of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-31
16952495-1	2006	Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 metabolizes nicotine to cotinine and is a possible modulator of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	96-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-31
16952495-3	2006	However, there are few data on the ethnic influences of the CYP2A6-nicotine metabolism relationship, particularly with regard to black subjects.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	60-66
16952495-10	2006	These CYP2A6 alleles were associated with reduced nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
1446750-4	1992	The biosynthesized CNP-(1-103) was co-released with its mature forms, typically CNP-(51-103), upon stimulation by nicotine or depolarizing agents.	Nicotine	114-122	natriuretic peptide C	Bos taurus	80-83
1456044-12	1992	NPY attenuates the effect of nicotine on mucociliary activity, probably via a prejunctional mechanism, and may act as a modulator of cholinergic regulation of the mucociliary system.	Nicotine	29-37	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
18666753-1	2006	The idea that the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), known also as nicotine C-oxidase, is one of the determinants of smoking addiction and smoking behavior is primarily based on its role in nicotine metabolism and disposition.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-50
18666753-1	2006	The idea that the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), known also as nicotine C-oxidase, is one of the determinants of smoking addiction and smoking behavior is primarily based on its role in nicotine metabolism and disposition.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	52-58
18666753-1	2006	The idea that the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), known also as nicotine C-oxidase, is one of the determinants of smoking addiction and smoking behavior is primarily based on its role in nicotine metabolism and disposition.	Nicotine	198-206	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-50
18666753-1	2006	The idea that the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), known also as nicotine C-oxidase, is one of the determinants of smoking addiction and smoking behavior is primarily based on its role in nicotine metabolism and disposition.	Nicotine	198-206	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	52-58
18666753-6	2006	The results indicate that the phenotype of CYP2A6 enzyme in liver is an outcome of interactions between the CYP2A6 gene, cadmium, nicotine and possibly its metabolites.	Nicotine	130-138	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
18666753-6	2006	The results indicate that the phenotype of CYP2A6 enzyme in liver is an outcome of interactions between the CYP2A6 gene, cadmium, nicotine and possibly its metabolites.	Nicotine	130-138	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	108-114
1517531-4	1992	Treatment with nicotine suppressed, in a dose dependent fashion, the ability of splenic T lymphocytes to respond to mitogen, but dramatically enhanced the ability of mitogen stimulated lymphocytes to generate IL2.	Nicotine	15-23	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	209-212
16996246-3	2006	In the current study, the effects of vaccination on nicotine-induced changes in fetal (3)H-epibatidine binding and c-fos mRNA expression were evaluated using tissue from a previous pharmacokinetic study of vaccination.	Nicotine	52-60	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
16996246-6	2006	Gestational nicotine exposure produced significant increases in (125)I-epibatidine binding to brain and spinal cord on GD20, and decreased c-fos mRNA expression in fetal striatum, adrenal and lung.	Nicotine	12-20	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
1389001-2	1992	In the present study the excitatory action of nicotine was inhibited by treatment with the selective 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor citalopram or the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT.	Nicotine	46-54	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	144-159
16996246-8	2006	These data suggest that nicotine dosing, using a clinically relevant intermittent bolus dose regimen, produces substantial changes in fetal nicotinic receptor and c-fos mRNA expression.	Nicotine	24-32	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
16996246-9	2006	The decrease in c-fos mRNA expression contrasts with previously reported increases, and suggests that the nicotine dosing regimen used may influence its effects.	Nicotine	106-114	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
1790600-0	1991	Acute stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase in neonatal rat brain regions by nicotine: a central receptor-mediated process?	Nicotine	78-86	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-44
1790600-2	1991	In the current study, we examined the acute effects of nicotine (3 mg/kg) on developing rat brain by monitoring ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a marker for perturbed cell development; ODC controls polyamine biosynthesis and thus regulates cell differentiation.	Nicotine	55-63	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-187
1861155-5	1991	Pretreatment of the cells with nicotine, histamine, or vasoactive intestinal peptide to enhance the rate of proenkephalin synthesis failed to alter the time course of processing and had minimal effects on the distribution of products formed.	Nicotine	31-39	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	108-121
16292320-4	2006	The pharmacological specificity of the effect was demonstrated by acute pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ion-channel-blocking agent mecamylamine, which suppressed the rCBV response to nicotine.	Nicotine	214-222	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	94-126
16292320-4	2006	The pharmacological specificity of the effect was demonstrated by acute pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ion-channel-blocking agent mecamylamine, which suppressed the rCBV response to nicotine.	Nicotine	214-222	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
16292320-10	2006	The lack of phMRI response to cpdA together with the high spatial overlap between the activation profile of nicotine and 5IA, suggest that the acute functional response to nicotine in drug-naive rats is mediated by beta2-containing nAChR isoforms, presumably belonging to the alpha4beta2* subtype.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	232-237
17037346-4	2006	Samples were taken from young students of which 87 were smokers and 142 were non-smokers and we tried to clarify the relationship between the nicotine metabolizing ability (CYP2A6), personality, and smoking behavior.	Nicotine	142-150	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	173-179
19912801-13	1991	Effects of s(1)-AII on induction of pEK mRNA by angiotensin and by nicotine were prevented by the translational inhibitor cycloheximide.	Nicotine	67-75	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	36-39
16891249-1	2006	The genetically polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is the major nicotine-oxidase in humans that may contribute to nicotine dependence and cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	28-53
16790237-0	2006	Nicotine regulates SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell proliferation through the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	83-116
16790237-1	2006	Nicotine has been shown to produce some beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disorders, and several studies have suggested that these effects may be mediated in part through the action of the neurotrophic factor BDNF.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	215-219
19912771-12	1990	The formation of the majority of retarded bands, including all AP1-like complexes, was increased by incubation of cells with sar1-angiotensin II or nicotine.	Nicotine	148-156	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Bos taurus	63-66
16530419-5	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment also markedly increased the basal levels of BDNF in naive rats.	Nicotine	8-16	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
16530419-8	2006	These results indicate that normalization by nicotine of the stress-induced changes in the levels of signaling molecules including BDNF may contribute to the recovery of LTP.	Nicotine	45-53	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
19912771-16	1990	The levels of p36-38 c-Jun and c-jun mRNA were increased by sar1-angiotensin II (2- to 5-fold) and were less affected by nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	annexin A2	Bos taurus	14-17
2229066-1	1990	Stimulation of cultured bovine chromaffin cells with histamine (10(-5) M), nicotine (10(-6) M), and veratridine (2 x 10(-6) M) results in a time-dependent up to 5-fold increase in proenkephalin (Penk) mRNA levels.	Nicotine	75-83	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	180-193
16563623-3	2006	Nicotine-dependent rats exhibit elevations in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds compared to control rats after cessation of chronic nicotine administration (spontaneous withdrawal) or systemic or intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA), but not intra-nucleus accumbens (NAcc), administration of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonists while exposed to nicotine (precipitated withdrawal).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	304-336
2229066-1	1990	Stimulation of cultured bovine chromaffin cells with histamine (10(-5) M), nicotine (10(-6) M), and veratridine (2 x 10(-6) M) results in a time-dependent up to 5-fold increase in proenkephalin (Penk) mRNA levels.	Nicotine	75-83	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	195-199
16563623-3	2006	Nicotine-dependent rats exhibit elevations in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds compared to control rats after cessation of chronic nicotine administration (spontaneous withdrawal) or systemic or intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA), but not intra-nucleus accumbens (NAcc), administration of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonists while exposed to nicotine (precipitated withdrawal).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	338-343
2229066-3	1990	Similarly, incubation of chromaffin cells with cycloheximide (10(-6) M), given at 0-6 h, blocks the increase in Penk mRNA after stimulation with histamine and nicotine indicating that ongoing protein synthesis is necessary for the delayed rise of Penk mRNA.	Nicotine	159-167	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	112-116
1970506-2	1990	Acetylcholine or nicotine reduced cellular content of catecholamines by 30% and increased the relative abundance of pEK, TH, and PNMT mRNAs.	Nicotine	17-25	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	116-119
33819533-9	2021	Our findings suggest that habitual smoking in SCZ might be attributed to get therapeutic and reduce side effects mediated by alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR activation by (-)-NIC.	Nicotine	172-175	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	125-147
16626643-3	2006	To explore this further, this study examined the level of nAChR desensitization following acute and repeated nicotine administration in the male Lewis rat.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
16626643-7	2006	This decrease in nAChR functional status was also observed in rats treated with 1 day or 14 days of twice-daily nicotine administration.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
16601104-0	2006	Nicotine inhibits apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs by up-regulating XIAP and survivin.	Nicotine	0-8	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	79-83
16601104-4	2006	This protection correlated with the induction of XIAP and survivin by nicotine in a panel of human NSCLC cell lines, and depletion of XIAP and survivin ablated the protective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	70-78	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	49-53
16601104-4	2006	This protection correlated with the induction of XIAP and survivin by nicotine in a panel of human NSCLC cell lines, and depletion of XIAP and survivin ablated the protective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	186-194	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	134-138
16601104-8	2006	These studies suggest that exposure to nicotine might negatively impact the apoptotic potential of chemotherapeutic drugs and that survivin and XIAP play a key role in the antiapoptotic activity of nicotine.	Nicotine	198-206	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	144-148
18583161-5	2008	Our data indicate that the demonstrated effect of smoking on LTG metabolism is likely to be mediated via UDPGT2B7, as LTG is not a substrate of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and UDPGT1A4 activity may not be affected by nicotine, but the exact mechanism underlying the demonstrated effect remains uncertain.	Nicotine	216-224	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	105-113
33819533-9	2021	Our findings suggest that habitual smoking in SCZ might be attributed to get therapeutic and reduce side effects mediated by alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR activation by (-)-NIC.	Nicotine	172-175	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	148-153
18674523-0	2008	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB in the piglet brainstem after post-natal nicotine and intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia.	Nicotine	91-99	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	0-33
34628512-11	2021	In summary, these data suggest that DN-IMI functionally affects human neurons similar to the well-established neurotoxicant nicotine by triggering alpha7 and several non-alpha7 nAChRs.	Nicotine	124-132	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	147-153
18674523-0	2008	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB in the piglet brainstem after post-natal nicotine and intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia.	Nicotine	91-99	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	35-39
18674523-9	2008	The implications of these findings are that a prior nicotine exposure makes the developing brainstem susceptible to greater changes in the neurotrophic effects of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the face of a hypoxic insult, and that the effects are greater in males than females.	Nicotine	52-60	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	163-167
18639611-0	2008	Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) in hippocampal neurons is potentiated by agrin.	Nicotine	0-8	agrin	Homo sapiens	144-149
34628512-11	2021	In summary, these data suggest that DN-IMI functionally affects human neurons similar to the well-established neurotoxicant nicotine by triggering alpha7 and several non-alpha7 nAChRs.	Nicotine	124-132	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	170-176
18639611-1	2008	The scope of this study was to test whether increased levels of the extracellular matrix molecule (ECM) agrin might enhance nicotine effects on those molecular mechanisms that initiate neuroadaptative processes in the hippocampus, a key brain area for learning and memory.	Nicotine	124-132	agrin	Homo sapiens	104-109
18639611-2	2008	We studied the effects of repetitive applications of neuronal agrin to primary hippocampal cell culture on nicotine-induced phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) expression, a marker of neuroadaptation, by using immunofluorescence-based assessment of pCREB-positive neurons.	Nicotine	107-115	agrin	Homo sapiens	62-67
18639611-3	2008	We also tested agrin effects on nicotine-induced expression of a marker of metabolic activation, the immediate early gene c-fos.	Nicotine	32-40	agrin	Homo sapiens	15-20
18639611-3	2008	We also tested agrin effects on nicotine-induced expression of a marker of metabolic activation, the immediate early gene c-fos.	Nicotine	32-40	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
18639611-4	2008	Agrin was shown to significantly enhance nicotine-induced pCREB, but not c-fos, expression.	Nicotine	41-49	agrin	Homo sapiens	0-5
34854073-0	2022	Genetic Deletion or Pharmacological Blockade of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Attenuates Nicotine-Motivated Behaviour.	Nicotine	122-130	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
18639611-5	2008	By using Western blotting analysis, cumulative agrin has been shown to increase nicotine-induced pCREB phosphorylation.	Nicotine	80-88	agrin	Homo sapiens	47-52
18639611-7	2008	These findings suggest that increasing the concentration of an ECM molecule, i.e. agrin, may enhance nicotine effects on pCREB and that both MAPK and CaMKII signalling may play a regulatory role.	Nicotine	101-109	agrin	Homo sapiens	82-87
18607712-0	2008	Chronic nicotine exposure has dissociable behavioural effects on control and beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	8-16	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	77-82
18607712-3	2008	We use beta2-/- and their controls to investigate the consequences of chronic nicotine exposure on cognitive behaviour.	Nicotine	78-86	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	7-12
18607712-5	2008	By contrast, in beta2-/- mice, chronic nicotine treatment had restorative effects on exploratory behaviour in the open-field and affected rearing, but did not modify motor functions.	Nicotine	39-47	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	16-21
18607712-7	2008	These data support the proposal that beta2-/- mice represent a relevant model for cognitive disorders in humans and that nicotine administered chronically at low dose may relieve some of these.	Nicotine	121-129	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	37-42
34854073-0	2022	Genetic Deletion or Pharmacological Blockade of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Attenuates Nicotine-Motivated Behaviour.	Nicotine	122-130	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	59-70
18690117-9	2008	Although these results are preliminary, this study is the first to suggest that genetic polymorphisms related to function in the dopamine D4, and perhaps D2, receptor may modulate initial sensitivity to nicotine before the onset of dependence and may do so differentially between men and women.	Nicotine	203-211	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-15	Homo sapiens	154-166
34507631-6	2021	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity was reduced by nicotine- and tar-free CSE of IQOS and hi-lite (IQOS < hi-lite), but not Ploom S and glo.	Nicotine	58-66	choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity)	Homo sapiens	81-84
18583454-10	2008	These data indicate that alpha6beta2(*) nAChR-evoked dopamine release in nicotine-treated rats is mediated by the alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2(*) nAChR subtype and suggest that the alpha6alpha4beta2(*) nAChR and/or alpha4beta2(*) nAChR contribute to the differential effect of higher frequency stimulation on dopamine release under control conditions.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
18583454-10	2008	These data indicate that alpha6beta2(*) nAChR-evoked dopamine release in nicotine-treated rats is mediated by the alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2(*) nAChR subtype and suggest that the alpha6alpha4beta2(*) nAChR and/or alpha4beta2(*) nAChR contribute to the differential effect of higher frequency stimulation on dopamine release under control conditions.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
18583454-10	2008	These data indicate that alpha6beta2(*) nAChR-evoked dopamine release in nicotine-treated rats is mediated by the alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2(*) nAChR subtype and suggest that the alpha6alpha4beta2(*) nAChR and/or alpha4beta2(*) nAChR contribute to the differential effect of higher frequency stimulation on dopamine release under control conditions.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
18583454-10	2008	These data indicate that alpha6beta2(*) nAChR-evoked dopamine release in nicotine-treated rats is mediated by the alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2(*) nAChR subtype and suggest that the alpha6alpha4beta2(*) nAChR and/or alpha4beta2(*) nAChR contribute to the differential effect of higher frequency stimulation on dopamine release under control conditions.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
34508846-3	2021	Nicotine may induce both central and systemic inflammatory responses as well as changes in the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	109-142
18536909-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine analogs with alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist and antagonist efficacies can inhibit self-administration and may be considered as prototypical smoking-cessation agents.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
34508846-3	2021	Nicotine may induce both central and systemic inflammatory responses as well as changes in the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	144-148
18477628-0	2008	Nicotine suppresses tunicamycin-induced, but not thapsigargin-induced, expression of GRP78 during ER stress-mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
18477628-2	2008	In the present study, we report that the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was suppressed by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells.	Nicotine	110-118	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	55-83
34648060-0	2021	Cannabinoid receptor GPR55 activation blocks nicotine use disorder by regulation of AMPAR phosphorylation.	Nicotine	45-53	G protein-coupled receptor 55	Mus musculus	21-26
18477628-2	2008	In the present study, we report that the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was suppressed by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells.	Nicotine	110-118	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
18477628-4	2008	Moreover, nicotine reduced the activation of caspase-12 in Tm-treated cells, but not in Tg-treated cells.	Nicotine	10-18	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
18477628-6	2008	It was possible that the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine was achieved through the suppression of the Ire1-XBP1 and/or ATF6 pathways.	Nicotine	60-68	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	129-137	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	180-188	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
18477628-8	2008	These results indicate that the suppression of Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways contributes to the suppression of GRP78 expression by nicotine in Tm-treated PC12 cells, suggesting that nicotine suppresses a common step upstream of both the Ire1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which are required for the expression of GRP78 during Tm-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	180-188	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	304-309
18033235-2	2008	Nicotine, by desensitizing beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on striatal DA axons, significantly enhances how DA is released by reward-related burst activity compared to nonreward-related tonic activity.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	27-32
34648060-5	2021	After behavioral tests, the effect of GPR55 on nicotine response was evaluated using Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, and ELISA.	Nicotine	47-55	G protein-coupled receptor 55	Mus musculus	38-43
18565636-5	2008	We found that nicotine significantly decreased expression of the transporter GAT-1/SLC6A1 (p&lt;0.05) in the medial prefrontal cortex while the expression of the GAT-3/SLC6A11 (p&lt;0.05) transporter was increased in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	14-22	solute carrier family 6 member 11	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
18565636-5	2008	We found that nicotine significantly decreased expression of the transporter GAT-1/SLC6A1 (p&lt;0.05) in the medial prefrontal cortex while the expression of the GAT-3/SLC6A11 (p&lt;0.05) transporter was increased in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	14-22	solute carrier family 6 member 11	Rattus norvegicus	168-175
34648060-6	2021	RESULTS: GPR55 activation significantly reduced nicotine-CPP behavior by decreasing the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents frequency in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the release of dopamine in serum.	Nicotine	48-56	G protein-coupled receptor 55	Mus musculus	9-14
34648060-8	2021	The PI3K-Akt signaling was involved in nicotine-CPP via GPR55 activation.	Nicotine	39-47	G protein-coupled receptor 55	Mus musculus	56-61
34648060-9	2021	CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that GPR55 in the NAc plays a specific role in blocking nicotine-CPP behavior and might be a potential target for the treatment of nicotine use disorder.	Nicotine	88-96	G protein-coupled receptor 55	Mus musculus	37-42
34648060-9	2021	CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that GPR55 in the NAc plays a specific role in blocking nicotine-CPP behavior and might be a potential target for the treatment of nicotine use disorder.	Nicotine	163-171	G protein-coupled receptor 55	Mus musculus	37-42
18513920-6	2008	Treatment with nicotine (10 microM) or with the nicotinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine (10 microM) or dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5 microM) efficiently prevented the diazoxon-induced reduction in alpha4 and beta2 nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine, a weak nAChR agonist, was ineffective.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	228-233
34771509-4	2021	In the current study, we investigated whether nicotine activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha7 (nAChRalpha7, CHRNA7) would induce PD-L1 expression in lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-129
18513920-6	2008	Treatment with nicotine (10 microM) or with the nicotinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine (10 microM) or dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5 microM) efficiently prevented the diazoxon-induced reduction in alpha4 and beta2 nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine, a weak nAChR agonist, was ineffective.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	295-300
18822160-8	2008	CCK-stimulated cell function induced by nicotine was significantly higher in AR42J cells as compared to the response by H2O2.	Nicotine	40-48	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
34771509-4	2021	In the current study, we investigated whether nicotine activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha7 (nAChRalpha7, CHRNA7) would induce PD-L1 expression in lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-137
34771509-4	2021	In the current study, we investigated whether nicotine activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha7 (nAChRalpha7, CHRNA7) would induce PD-L1 expression in lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	46-54	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	152-157
18596163-2	2008	The alpha4 and beta2 nAChR subunits assemble into two alternate stoichiometries, (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2), which differ in their functional properties and sensitivity to chronic exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-10
34771509-5	2021	The expression levels of nAChRalpha7 and PD-L1 in eight human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines were measured after treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine derivatives.	Nicotine	169-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-36
34771509-5	2021	The expression levels of nAChRalpha7 and PD-L1 in eight human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines were measured after treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine derivatives.	Nicotine	169-177	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	41-46
18482426-5	2008	FINDINGS: We found evidence for association between four SNPs in GABRA4, two SNPs in GABRA2 and one SNP in GABRE with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	118-126	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2	Homo sapiens	85-91
34771509-6	2021	The results showed that PD-L1 expression levels increased in HBECs after exposure to CSE or nicotine derivatives.	Nicotine	92-100	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	24-29
34771509-8	2021	In summary, this study demonstrated that the well-known nicotine derivative-activated nAChRalpha7 could induce STAT3/NRF2 pathways and subsequently promote PD-L1 expression in normal lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-97
18482426-8	2008	Significant haplotypes associated with nicotine dependence were found for GABRA2.	Nicotine	39-47	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2	Homo sapiens	74-80
34771509-8	2021	In summary, this study demonstrated that the well-known nicotine derivative-activated nAChRalpha7 could induce STAT3/NRF2 pathways and subsequently promote PD-L1 expression in normal lung epithelial cells.	Nicotine	56-64	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	156-161
18184829-7	2008	These results suggest that beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the affective signs of nicotine withdrawal, whereas non-beta2-containing nAChRs are more closely associated with physical signs of nicotine withdrawal; thus, the nAChR subtype composition may play an important role in the involvement of specific subtypes in nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	90-98	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	27-32
34378958-0	2021	An NAD-Specific 6-Hydroxy-3-Succinoyl-Semialdehyde-Pyridine Dehydrogenase from Nicotine-Degrading Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain S33.	Nicotine	79-87	hydroxyacid dehydrogenase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	60-73
17978169-1	2008	Human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) metabolizes various clinically relevant compounds, including nicotine- and tobacco-specific procarcinogens; however, transcriptional regulation of this gene is poorly understood.	Nicotine	96-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
34445737-8	2021	Both of these effects of nicotine were abolished by the neuronal ACh receptor antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine and Cav1 blockers, verapamil, and nitrendipine.	Nicotine	25-33	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	119-123
17584502-0	2008	Beta2 subunit containing acetylcholine receptors mediate nicotine withdrawal deficits in the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	57-65	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
17584502-10	2008	These results indicate that beta2-containing nAChRs, such as the alpha 4 beta 2 receptor, mediate nicotine withdrawal deficits in contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	98-106	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	28-33
16402128-0	2006	Impact of CYP2A6 genotype on pretreatment smoking behaviour and nicotine levels from and usage of nicotine replacement therapy.	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
18054052-1	2008	The cannabinoid receptor subtype (CB1) antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) has been shown to decrease nicotine self-administration and attenuate nicotine-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens; effects that support recent findings on its clinical efficacy as a smoking cessation aid.	Nicotine	99-107	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
34440849-11	2021	Mechanistically, we observed that nicotine regulated YAP nuclear translocation and its interaction with TEAD through alpha7-nAChR-Akt signaling, subsequently resulting in increased TEAD occupancy on the HSPA5 promoter and elevated promoter activity.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	117-129
18054052-1	2008	The cannabinoid receptor subtype (CB1) antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) has been shown to decrease nicotine self-administration and attenuate nicotine-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens; effects that support recent findings on its clinical efficacy as a smoking cessation aid.	Nicotine	142-150	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
16402128-0	2006	Impact of CYP2A6 genotype on pretreatment smoking behaviour and nicotine levels from and usage of nicotine replacement therapy.	Nicotine	98-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
16402128-1	2006	We investigated the effect of slow metabolism of nicotine, predicted by CYP2A6 genotypes resulting in less than or equal to 50% activity, on baseline smoking behaviours and treatment variables in an open-label nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) clinical trial.	Nicotine	49-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	72-78
34321216-6	2021	Acute exposure to electronic nicotine vapor increased central amygdala (CeA) activity in individual neuronal firing and in expression of the molecular activity marker, cFos.	Nicotine	29-37	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	168-172
16408261-6	2006	Neonatal quinpirole treatment produced a significant decrease of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus that was alleviated by adulthood nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	188-196	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	95-128
16408261-6	2006	Neonatal quinpirole treatment produced a significant decrease of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus that was alleviated by adulthood nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	188-196	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
16408261-7	2006	Interestingly, nicotine treatment to controls produced a significant increase of NGF in the frontal cortex, but a significant decrease of both NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and BDNF in the frontal cortex.	Nicotine	15-23	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
16408261-7	2006	Interestingly, nicotine treatment to controls produced a significant increase of NGF in the frontal cortex, but a significant decrease of both NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and BDNF in the frontal cortex.	Nicotine	15-23	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
16408261-8	2006	The decreases shown in NGF and BDNF is contrary to past findings that have shown nicotine to produce significant increases of hippocampal NGF and BDNF, but these past studies utilized male rats or mice or were performed in vitro.	Nicotine	81-89	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
18054052-2	2008	The present experiments aim to advance our understanding on the role of CB1 receptors in rodent models of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	106-114	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
18054052-3	2008	AM251, a selective antagonist at CB1 receptors dose-dependently (1, 3 and 10mg/kg IP) suppressed intravenous nicotine (0.03mg/kg per infusion) self-administration in rats during three successive days of pre-treatment.	Nicotine	109-117	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
18054052-8	2008	These preclinical findings support the use of rimonabant as a smoking cessation aid and highlight the CB1 receptor as a viable target to control intake of nicotine and prevent relapse.	Nicotine	155-163	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
34324292-0	2021	Facile Fabrication of a Functional Filter Tip for Highly Efficient Reduction of Nicotine Content in Mainstream Smoke.	Nicotine	80-88	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	42-45
18216723-1	2008	OBJECTIVES: CYP2A6 is the main enzyme involved in nicotine metabolism in humans.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
18216723-6	2008	In vitro, CYP2A6.23 had greatly reduced activity toward nicotine C-oxidation similar to CYP2A6.17, as well as reduced coumarin 7-hydroxylation.	Nicotine	56-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
16564510-0	2006	Nicotine reverses consolidated long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
16564510-3	2006	The present study demonstrates that nicotine reverses stabilized LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region, providing the first evidence that consolidated LTP can be reversed.	Nicotine	36-44	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
34324292-4	2021	To date, various adsorbents have been proposed to develop a functionalization filter tip for reducing nicotine content in mainstream smoke.	Nicotine	102-110	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	85-88
16553775-6	2006	(2) The nicotine-facilitated LTP was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist, whereas long-term depression (LTD) was produced by the combination of nicotine and methyllycaconitine, a alpha7-nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
34324292-8	2021	Significantly, the PDA-decorated filter tip had a nicotine adsorption efficiency as high as ~95%, which was much higher than most of the commercial filter tips.	Nicotine	50-58	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	40-43
16553775-6	2006	(2) The nicotine-facilitated LTP was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist, whereas long-term depression (LTD) was produced by the combination of nicotine and methyllycaconitine, a alpha7-nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	228-233
16553775-8	2006	This suggested that several nAChR subtypes were involved in the nicotine-facilitated synaptic plasticity.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
18772044-4	2008	Systemic or intra-amygdaloid application of the interfering peptide Tat-3L4F is able to disrupt PTEN coupling with 5-HT2cR in the rat VTA, resulting both in a suppression of the increased firing rate of VTA dopaminergic neurons induced by Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, and in a blockade of the conditioned place preference induced by THC and nicotine [Ji, S.P.	Nicotine	390-398	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
18098062-8	2008	It is concluded that the metabolism of nicotine in mouse is very similar to that in man and, therefore, that the mouse is a suitable model for testing novel chemical inhibitors of human CYP2A6.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	186-192
18157476-3	2007	Our previous experiments showed that with the single pulses evoking 80% of the maximal population spike (PS) amplitude, nicotine (10 mumol/L) induced LTP-like response in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	120-128	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	187-190
18157476-4	2007	In the present study, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and relevant neurotransmitter releases involved in LTP-like response induced by nicotine were investigated by extracellularly recording the PS in the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro.	Nicotine	156-164	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	266-269
16402086-7	2006	Furthermore, nicotine withdrawal symptoms were more serious in smoking cessation in CYP2A6 high-activity group.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	84-90
34359079-10	2021	When stratified by nicotine exposure, nonsmokers with an APO in their index pregnancy had higher odds of stage 1 (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.32, 2.03) and stage 2 hypertension (aOR 2.92, 95% CI 2.17, 3.93), metabolic syndrome (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.42, 2.18), and dyslipidemia (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.25, 1.91) relative to women with no APO.	Nicotine	19-27	aminopeptidase O (putative)	Homo sapiens	57-60
16402086-8	2006	Collectively, CYP2A6 genotypes are related with nicotine dependence, influencing smoking habits and withdrawal symptoms in quitting smoking.	Nicotine	48-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	14-20
16341849-3	2006	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of DA D1 and D2 receptors of the rat NAc shell and core in the motivational effects of nicotine using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm.	Nicotine	149-157	defender against cell death 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
18157476-7	2007	The results suggest that noradrenaline release secondary to the activation of kappa-bungarotoxin-sensitive nAChRs participates in LTP-like response induced by nicotine in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	159-167	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	187-190
34365933-7	2022	Nicotine binding to alpha7nAChR on keratinocytes triggers Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK cascade promoting anti-apoptosis and pro-proliferative effects.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6-like	Nicotiana tabacum	68-72
18077321-2	2007	The beta2 subunit is an abundant protein subunit critically involved in the cognitive and behavioral properties of nicotine as well as in the mechanisms of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	115-123	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	4-9
18077321-2	2007	The beta2 subunit is an abundant protein subunit critically involved in the cognitive and behavioral properties of nicotine as well as in the mechanisms of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	156-164	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	4-9
16324718-10	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) reversed nicotine"s effects on WGD suggesting an involvement of heteromeric alpha4beta2, whereas methyllycaconitine (MLA) an antagonist for the homomeric alpha7-type receptor was ineffective.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	4-36
16324718-10	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) reversed nicotine"s effects on WGD suggesting an involvement of heteromeric alpha4beta2, whereas methyllycaconitine (MLA) an antagonist for the homomeric alpha7-type receptor was ineffective.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
34308307-5	2021	MRF cohorts were separated into three categories: substance abuse (alcohol, tobacco/nicotine, opioid abuse); vascular disease (hypertension, dyslipidemia); and dietary factors (malnutrition, obesity).	Nicotine	84-92	myelin regulatory factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
16361262-0	2006	Protein kinase Ciota promotes nicotine-induced migration and invasion of cancer cells via phosphorylation of micro- and m-calpains.	Nicotine	30-38	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	0-20
16361262-3	2006	Here we discovered that nicotine potently induces phosphorylation of both mu- and m-calpains via activation of protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota), which is associated with accelerated migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	24-32	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	111-131
16361262-3	2006	Here we discovered that nicotine potently induces phosphorylation of both mu- and m-calpains via activation of protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota), which is associated with accelerated migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	24-32	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	133-140
16361262-6	2006	Nicotine also induces activation of c-Src, which is a known PKCiota upstream kinase.	Nicotine	0-8	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	60-67
16361262-8	2006	Intriguingly, depletion of PKCiota by RNA interference suppresses nicotine-induced calpain phosphorylation, calpain activity, cell migration, and invasion, indicating that PKCiota is a necessary component in nicotine-mediated cell motility signaling.	Nicotine	66-74	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	27-34
16361262-8	2006	Intriguingly, depletion of PKCiota by RNA interference suppresses nicotine-induced calpain phosphorylation, calpain activity, cell migration, and invasion, indicating that PKCiota is a necessary component in nicotine-mediated cell motility signaling.	Nicotine	66-74	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	172-179
17996852-8	2007	In ethanol-treated cells, dopamine release was inhibited following stimulation by forms of release shown to be PKC-dependent (nicotine, sucrose, and potassium).	Nicotine	126-134	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
17912044-9	2007	These findings indicate that concomitant inhibition of MAOA and MAOB can enhance the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	119-127	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
16361262-8	2006	Intriguingly, depletion of PKCiota by RNA interference suppresses nicotine-induced calpain phosphorylation, calpain activity, cell migration, and invasion, indicating that PKCiota is a necessary component in nicotine-mediated cell motility signaling.	Nicotine	208-216	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	27-34
34557761-0	2021	Nicotine and its metabolite cotinine target MD2 and inhibit TLR4 signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	44-47
16361262-8	2006	Intriguingly, depletion of PKCiota by RNA interference suppresses nicotine-induced calpain phosphorylation, calpain activity, cell migration, and invasion, indicating that PKCiota is a necessary component in nicotine-mediated cell motility signaling.	Nicotine	208-216	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	172-179
16361262-10	2006	These findings reveal a novel role for PKCiota as a nicotine-activated, physiological calpain kinase that directly phosphorylates and activates calpains, leading to enhanced migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	52-60	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	39-46
17440977-4	2007	The majority of the PB1-free oocytes derived from 3.0 to 6.0 mM nicotine treatments were diploidy (2n = 60).	Nicotine	64-72	polybromo 1	Bos taurus	20-23
34557761-4	2021	Considering the psychoactive substances morphine, cocaine, and methamphetamine act as xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns and can be specifically sensed by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), here we sought to delineate whether nicotine and/or its metabolite cotinine may be recognized by the innate immune system via myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), an accessory protein of TLR4 that is responsible for ligand recognition.	Nicotine	253-261	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	343-376
17620343-3	2007	A similar inhibition pattern was observed in nicotine C oxidation, which is also one of the prototype reactions of CYP2A6.	Nicotine	45-53	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	115-121
16391787-4	2006	In this report, we demonstrate that estradiol and nicotine exposure enhances the growth of A549 bronchioloalveolar carcinoma xenografts in mice through the stimulation of cell proliferation, VEGF secretion and angiogenesis.	Nicotine	50-58	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	191-195
16391787-7	2006	Furthermore, estradiol promotes VEGF secretion from various non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells and this effect is augmented by nicotine in a tumor xenograft model.	Nicotine	136-144	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	32-36
16391787-8	2006	These results indicate that aside from their roles in promoting cell proliferation, estradiol and nicotine appear to have additive effects on the induction of angiogenesis through the stimulation of VEGF secretion during NSCLC progression.	Nicotine	98-106	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	199-203
16307449-5	2006	Stress also facilitated the induction of LTD. Nicotine treatment of stressed rats prevented stress-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. For chronically stressed rats, we previously reported marked decreases in the basal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CaMKII, P-CaMKII, and calmodulin as well as a significant increase in calcineurin basal levels.	Nicotine	46-54	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	238-271
16307449-5	2006	Stress also facilitated the induction of LTD. Nicotine treatment of stressed rats prevented stress-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. For chronically stressed rats, we previously reported marked decreases in the basal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CaMKII, P-CaMKII, and calmodulin as well as a significant increase in calcineurin basal levels.	Nicotine	46-54	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	273-277
17617403-0	2007	Effects of the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor ligands on the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	102-110	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
17617403-1	2007	The present study tested the hypothesis that serotonergic (5-HT) 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors or their pharmacological stimulation modulated the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in male Wistar rats.	Nicotine	178-186	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
34557761-4	2021	Considering the psychoactive substances morphine, cocaine, and methamphetamine act as xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns and can be specifically sensed by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), here we sought to delineate whether nicotine and/or its metabolite cotinine may be recognized by the innate immune system via myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), an accessory protein of TLR4 that is responsible for ligand recognition.	Nicotine	253-261	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	378-381
16254210-0	2006	Nicotine induces proinflammatory responses in macrophages and the aorta leading to acceleration of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) mice.	Nicotine	0-8	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	118-150
34557761-5	2021	MD2-intrinsic fluorescence titrations, surface plasmon resonance, and competitive displacement binding assays with curcumin (MD2 probe) demonstrated that both nicotine and cotinine targeted the lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) binding pocket of MD2 with similar affinities.	Nicotine	159-167	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	251-254
16254210-2	2006	METHODS AND RESULTS: Low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) mice received time-release nicotine or placebo pellets for 90 days.	Nicotine	86-94	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	21-53
16845181-0	2006	Nicotine enhances human vascular endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB, and AP-1.	Nicotine	0-8	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
17979512-3	2007	Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2A6 is the human hepatic enzyme that mediates most of nicotine"s metabolic inactivation to cotinine.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-24
17635921-0	2007	Nicotine-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits fatty acid synthase in 3T3L1 adipocytes: a role for oxidant stress.	Nicotine	0-8	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	69-88
16845181-0	2006	Nicotine enhances human vascular endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB, and AP-1.	Nicotine	0-8	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	157-161
17635921-3	2007	Exposure of 3T3L1 adipocytes to smoking-related concentrations of nicotine increased lipolysis and inhibited fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	66-74	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	109-128
34557761-6	2021	The cellular thermal shift assay indicated that nicotine binding increased, while cotinine binding decreased, MD2 stability.	Nicotine	48-56	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	110-113
17635921-3	2007	Exposure of 3T3L1 adipocytes to smoking-related concentrations of nicotine increased lipolysis and inhibited fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	66-74	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	130-133
17635921-4	2007	The effects of nicotine on FAS activity were accompanied by phosphorylation of both AMPK (Thr(172)) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; Ser(79)).	Nicotine	15-23	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	27-30
17635921-6	2007	Inhibition of AMPK using either pharmacologic (insulin, compound C) or genetic means (overexpression of dominant negative AMPK; AMPK-DN) abolished FAS inhibition induced by nicotine or ONOO(-).	Nicotine	173-181	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	147-150
16845181-3	2006	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on the expression of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in endothelial cells and to determine the involvement of important known intermediaries, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1.	Nicotine	53-61	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	107-147
16845181-3	2006	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on the expression of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in endothelial cells and to determine the involvement of important known intermediaries, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1.	Nicotine	53-61	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	399-403
16845181-6	2006	We observed that nicotine increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a peak at 6 h. p38 MAPK was activated after 5 min exposure to 10-8 mol/L nicotine and returned to baseline levels by 30 min.	Nicotine	17-25	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	54-60
16845181-6	2006	We observed that nicotine increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with a peak at 6 h. p38 MAPK was activated after 5 min exposure to 10-8 mol/L nicotine and returned to baseline levels by 30 min.	Nicotine	150-158	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	54-60
16845181-8	2006	Nicotine (10-8 mol/L) also increased NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity.	Nicotine	0-8	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	51-55
35560511-10	2022	At molecular level, nicotine suppressed let-7c-5p, while induced NGF, FN1, and COLIA levels.	Nicotine	20-28	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	70-73
16845181-9	2006	Inhibitors of p38 MAPK, PKC, and NF-kappaB suppressed nicotine-stimulated expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.	Nicotine	54-62	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	88-94
16845181-10	2006	Our results indicate that nicotine enhances the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface via a second messenger pathway which involves PKC and p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in increased expression of these cellular adhesion molecules.	Nicotine	26-34	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	62-68
16845181-10	2006	Our results indicate that nicotine enhances the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface via a second messenger pathway which involves PKC and p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in increased expression of these cellular adhesion molecules.	Nicotine	26-34	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	212-216
16317086-6	2005	Nicotine (200 microg/mL) stimulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, which was blocked by SC-236 (a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor) and CBO-P11 (a VEGFR inhibitor).	Nicotine	0-8	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	151-156
16317086-11	2005	The activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and protein expressions of plasminogen activators (urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor), which are the indicators of invasion and migration processes, were increased by nicotine but blocked by COX-2 and VEGFR inhibitors.	Nicotine	237-245	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	271-276
16317086-12	2005	Taken together, our results reveal that the promoting action of nicotine on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis is COX-2/VEGF/VEGFR dependent.	Nicotine	64-72	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	135-140
16176386-2	2005	The present study utilized a novel methodology to map genes involved in regulating both the psychostimulant and depressant effects of nicotine in the AcB/BcA recombinant congenic strains (RCS) of mice.	Nicotine	134-142	B cell linker	Mus musculus	154-157
16176386-6	2005	However, the 0.8-mg/kg dose of nicotine produced a significant decrease in the locomotor activity in the A/J strain and a wide and continuous range of both locomotor excitation and depression among the AcB/BcA RCS.	Nicotine	31-39	B cell linker	Mus musculus	206-209
16176386-8	2005	In the BcA RCS, nicotine-induced locomotor activation was associated with seven putative regions on chromosomes 2, 7, 8, 13, 14, 16 and 17.	Nicotine	16-24	B cell linker	Mus musculus	7-10
17683794-5	2007	Nicotine given in adulthood produced profound nAChR upregulation lasting 2 weeks after discontinuing treatment.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
17683794-8	2007	The effects seen here are substantially different from those found previously for nicotine given to adolescent rats, which showed more prolonged nAChR upregulation and profound, widespread and persistent deficits in markers of ACh synaptic function; for adolescents, prenatal nicotine exposure desensitized nAChR responses, exacerbated withdrawal-induced ACh functional deficits, and worsened the long-term outcome.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
17763108-0	2007	Chlorisondamine inhibits the nicotine-induced stimulation of c-fos in the pigeon brain for up to 2 weeks.	Nicotine	29-37	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
17763108-3	2007	The present study examined the time course of chlorisondamine"s blockade of nicotine-induced c-fos expression in the pigeon brain.	Nicotine	76-84	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17763108-5	2007	Nicotine stimulated increases in c-fos mRNA in the hippocampus, hyperstriatum accessorium, hyperstriatum ventrale, nucleus accumbens, bulbus olfactorius, paleostriatum augmentatum, and stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
17763108-6	2007	Nicotinic receptors labeled by [(125)I]-epibatidine were not always found in the same regions as nicotine-induced increases in c-fos expression.	Nicotine	97-105	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
17763108-8	2007	Chlorisondamine blocked nicotine-induced increases in c-fos RNA for 4 days in the nucleus accumbens, a week in the bulbus olfactorius, and 2 weeks in the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale.	Nicotine	24-32	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
35577041-8	2022	In addition, nicotine individually decreased expression levels of all examined protein targets, significantly for CYP1B1 (p < 0.001), CYP19A1 (p = 0.010), AhRR (p = 0.042), and ARNT (p < 0.001), compared to control.	Nicotine	13-21	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
17763108-9	2007	The time course of chlorisondamine"s blockade of nicotine-induced c-fos expression is consistent with the time course of the ability of chlorisondamine to block behavioral and physiological responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	49-57	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
15986197-13	2005	In contrast, the acute blockade of CB1 receptors no longer impairs the long-term control of behaviour by nicotine-associated environmental cues.	Nicotine	105-113	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
35461327-7	2022	We also found that chronic nicotine exposure recruited STAT3-activated N2-neutrophils within the brain pre-metastatic niche and secreted exosomal miR-4466 which promoted stemness and metabolic switching via SKI/SOX2/CPT1A axis in the tumor cells in the brain thereby enabling metastasis.	Nicotine	27-35	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	207-210
17689566-10	2007	In conclusion, nicotine can inhibit in vitro cellular uptake and in vivo transfer of MPTP across the blood-brain barrier, which can be mediated by multiple pathways including OCT1.	Nicotine	15-23	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
35289351-11	2022	In-vitro studies revealed that nicotine lowers the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1beta) and proteins (TRAF2, P50, P65) at 1 microg/ml in TNFalpha induced SW982 cells.Nicotine from natural sources (Brassica oleracea) has been found to be an effective anti- inflammatory compound at a low dosage.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	99-106
16140176-2	2005	Owing to the relevance of cholinergic neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of Huntington"s disease (HD) this investigation was aimed to study the effect of nicotine, a nAChR agonist, on 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurodegeneration in female Wistar rats.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
35463776-8	2022	In addition, irisin inhibits nicotine-mediated endothelial senescence and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase via P53/P21 pathway.	Nicotine	29-37	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	111-114
15979169-0	2005	The kappa-opioid receptor is involved in the stimulating effect of nicotine on adrenocortical activity but not in nicotine induced anxiety.	Nicotine	67-75	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	4-25
15979169-13	2005	We provide the first evidence for the involvement of the kappa-opioid receptor in the stimulatory effect of nicotine on adrenocortical activity.	Nicotine	108-116	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	57-78
17235608-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the idea that production of acute behavioral tolerance by nicotine is related to its ability to induce nAChR desensitization at the cellular level.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
17333132-0	2007	Nicotine increases FosB expression within a subset of reward- and memory-related brain regions during both peri- and post-adolescence.	Nicotine	0-8	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
17333132-3	2007	MATERIALS AND METHODS: To begin to identify brain regions that may be altered by developmental nicotine exposure, we have measured expression of a transcription factor, FosB, within a series of reward- and memory-related brain regions of Sprague-Dawley rats.	Nicotine	95-103	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
17333132-5	2007	Our results demonstrate that FosB is increased within nucleus accumbens and also the granule cell layer of hippocampal dentate gyrus after both peri- and post-adolescent nicotine exposure (0.4 mg kg(-1) day(-1) from days 34 to 43 and 60 to 69, respectively).	Nicotine	170-178	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
17237153-1	2007	Human CYP2A6 catalyzes the metabolism of nicotine, cotinine, and coumarin as well as some pharmaceutical drugs.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
16098507-4	2005	Methyllycaconitine (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg), an alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype inhibitor, significantly and dose dependently inhibited the attenuating effect of nicotine on naloxone-induced place aversion.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	49-81
35455685-0	2022	Dopamine DRD2 and DRD3 Polymorphisms Involvement in Nicotine Dependence in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Mental Disorders.	Nicotine	52-60	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	18-22
16086027-1	2005	Human microsomal cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) contributes extensively to nicotine detoxication but also activates tobacco-specific procarcinogens to mutagenic products.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	17-36
35131329-6	2022	In vitro, nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR, p-STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression, accompanied by the expression of caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	10-18	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	70-75
16086027-1	2005	Human microsomal cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) contributes extensively to nicotine detoxication but also activates tobacco-specific procarcinogens to mutagenic products.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
16141602-12	2005	Since the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2A6 gene have a major impact on nicotine clearance, its relationships with smoking behavior or the risk of lung cancer have been suggested.	Nicotine	74-82	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
17468183-0	2007	Pleiotropic impact of constitutive fosB inactivation on nicotine-induced behavioral alterations and stress-related traits in mice.	Nicotine	56-64	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	35-39
35131329-6	2022	In vitro, nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR, p-STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression, accompanied by the expression of caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	10-18	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	145-153
17468183-5	2007	We tested the hypothesis that a constitutive level of FosB affects nicotine-regulated behaviors and comorbid behavioral traits using constitutive fosB knockout (KO) mice.	Nicotine	67-75	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	54-58
17468183-7	2007	In wild-type mice, repeated nicotine injections, but not a single acute injection, increased the expression of FosB and its truncated variant DeltaFosB in the targets but not at the origins of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine pathways; no detectable level of FosB/DeltaFosB was found in KO mice.	Nicotine	28-36	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	111-115
16011614-5	2005	Flow cytometry showed that nicotine inhibited cell cycle progression by inducing G(0)/G(1) arrest of HaCaT, IHOK, HN4, and HN12 cells without causing apoptosis.	Nicotine	27-35	MT-RNR2 like 4 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	114-117
16011614-5	2005	Flow cytometry showed that nicotine inhibited cell cycle progression by inducing G(0)/G(1) arrest of HaCaT, IHOK, HN4, and HN12 cells without causing apoptosis.	Nicotine	27-35	MT-RNR2 like 12 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	123-127
35131329-7	2022	Nicotine-induced activation of p-STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling were inhibited by the silencing of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	43-48
16011614-6	2005	Nicotine treatment increased p21 expression in immortalized cells (HaCaT, IHOK) and oral cancer cells (HN4, HN12), but decreased pRb and p53 expression in oral cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	MT-RNR2 like 4 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	103-106
17468183-7	2007	In wild-type mice, repeated nicotine injections, but not a single acute injection, increased the expression of FosB and its truncated variant DeltaFosB in the targets but not at the origins of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine pathways; no detectable level of FosB/DeltaFosB was found in KO mice.	Nicotine	28-36	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	147-151
17468183-9	2007	Our results suggest that the constitutive absence of fosB has a pleiotropic influence on the behavioral effects of repeated or prolonged nicotine administration and on stress-related behavioral traits in mice.	Nicotine	137-145	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	53-57
16011614-6	2005	Nicotine treatment increased p21 expression in immortalized cells (HaCaT, IHOK) and oral cancer cells (HN4, HN12), but decreased pRb and p53 expression in oral cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	MT-RNR2 like 12 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	108-112
35131329-11	2022	Together, these findings reveal a novel nicotine-mediated signaling pathway: nicotine promotes lung cell proliferation and migration via the alpha5-nAChR/STAT3/NLRP3 axis in lung cancer.	Nicotine	40-48	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	160-165
17331737-6	2007	Chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2x day) of hypothyroid rats reversed hypothyroidism-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. Western blot analysis of the NMDA receptor subunits in the membranous fractions of hippocampal area CA1 neurons revealed that hypothyroidism reduced NR1 and increased NR2B without affecting NR2A protein levels.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	301-305
35131329-11	2022	Together, these findings reveal a novel nicotine-mediated signaling pathway: nicotine promotes lung cell proliferation and migration via the alpha5-nAChR/STAT3/NLRP3 axis in lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	160-165
17241745-2	2007	This study shows that acute intermittent nicotine treatment significantly enhances neuronal precursor cell proliferation in the SVZ of adult rat brain, but not in the SGZ of the hippocampus, and pre-treatment with mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist, blocks the enhanced precursor proliferation by nicotine.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	243-248
2794755-1	1989	Cathepsin B activity was determined in alveolar macrophages and cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Sprague-Dawley rats exposed only through the nose to fresh mainstream smoke from University of Kentucky high-tar, high-nicotine reference cigarettes, and in cells and fluid from room control and sham control animals.	Nicotine	227-235	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
17241745-4	2007	It is also demonstrated that the nicotine effect on neuronal precursor proliferation is mediated by FGF-2 via fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) activation by showing that i.c.v.	Nicotine	33-41	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-145
17241745-4	2007	It is also demonstrated that the nicotine effect on neuronal precursor proliferation is mediated by FGF-2 via fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) activation by showing that i.c.v.	Nicotine	33-41	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-153
17254563-5	2007	The IC50 values of nicotine for inhibition of the IL-18-enhanced ICAM-1 expression, IFN-gamma production and proliferation were 1, 1 and 2 microM, respectively.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	50-55
17254563-5	2007	The IC50 values of nicotine for inhibition of the IL-18-enhanced ICAM-1 expression, IFN-gamma production and proliferation were 1, 1 and 2 microM, respectively.	Nicotine	19-27	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	65-71
17178771-1	2007	Human cytochrome CYP2A13 shows overlapping substrate specificity with CYP2A6, catalyzing the metabolism of coumarin, nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.	Nicotine	117-125	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	17-24
17178771-1	2007	Human cytochrome CYP2A13 shows overlapping substrate specificity with CYP2A6, catalyzing the metabolism of coumarin, nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.	Nicotine	117-125	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	70-76
16045972-5	2005	To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of chronic donepezil, nicotine and haloperidol on expression levels of 5-HT2A mRNA and 5-HT2A receptor density in select brain regions.	Nicotine	72-80	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A	Mus musculus	121-127
16045972-12	2005	The cortex was the only area where donepezil, nicotine and haloperidol significantly reduced the 5-HT2A receptor density.	Nicotine	46-54	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A	Mus musculus	97-112
16045972-13	2005	The results suggest that the anti-tic properties of donepezil, nicotine and haloperidol in this paradigm might be due to antagonism of cortical 5-HT2A receptors.	Nicotine	63-71	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A	Mus musculus	144-150
15963492-4	2005	Anti-CD40-stimulated proliferation of B lymphocytes from beta2 knockout, but not wild-type mice was inhibited with nicotine.	Nicotine	115-123	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	57-62
2916231-0	1989	Embryo-maternal distribution of basic compounds in the CD-1 mouse: doxylamine and nicotine.	Nicotine	82-90	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	55-59
16018761-3	2005	Our hypothesis is that nornicotine, a metabolite of nicotine, upregulates the expression of the receptor for the advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the gingiva of smokers and triggers the proinflammatory effects of AGE by stimulating the secretion of cytokines and reactive oxygen species which directly cause destruction of the periodontal apparatus.	Nicotine	26-34	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	146-150
17174071-3	2007	failed to attenuate KA-induced neurotoxicity, repeated nicotine infusions (1.0 microg/side/day for 10 days) attenuated the seizures, the severe loss of cells in hippocampal regions CA1 and CA3, the increase in activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding activity, and mortality after KA administration.	Nicotine	55-63	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
17268847-4	2007	Nicotine also suppressed expressions of BDNF, NT3 and Neuro-D, resulting in decreased bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth.	Nicotine	0-8	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
17268847-5	2007	These results indicate that nicotine inhibits bFGF-induced neuronal differentiation in H19-7 cells through inhibition of NO formation by suppressing iNOS/nNOS expressions.	Nicotine	28-36	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
15911141-0	2005	Effect of repeated nicotine exposure on high-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	54-86
2907542-0	1988	Inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase activity in guinea-pig pulmonary alveolar macrophages by nicotine.	Nicotine	101-109	histamine N-methyltransferase	Cavia porcellus	14-43
15911141-6	2005	These results indicate that subjects deficient in nAChRs may be less sensitive to nAChR upregulation with nicotine than normal subjects and require higher doses or longer periods of exposure.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
15992581-5	2005	Other experiments revealed that in the absence of a depolarising stimulus, the nAChR agonists nicotine, epibatidine and anatoxin-a could evoke the release of [3H]D-aspartate in a Ca2+- and concentration-dependant manner.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
3441443-0	1987	Nicotine-induced alterations in brain regional concentrations of native and cryptic Met- and Leu-enkephalin.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
15723228-9	2005	Such results contrast with previous reports suggesting profound impairments in sensitivity to nicotine in nicotinic receptor beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	94-102	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	125-130
15944384-1	2005	Nicotine addiction is initiated by its binding to high-affinity nicotinic receptors in brain composed primarily of alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	0-8	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
15934954-9	2005	The results show that chronic nicotine differentially affects the function of release-regulating nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
3441443-8	1987	Repeated short-term administration of nicotine, 0.1 mg/kg IP six times at 30 min intervals, produced significant increases in native and cryptic Met-enkephalin in striatum, consistent with an increase in neuronal release of Met-enkephalin together with increases in synthesis and processing of proenkephalin A in this brain region.	Nicotine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
15935455-0	2005	CB1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	46-54	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3441443-8	1987	Repeated short-term administration of nicotine, 0.1 mg/kg IP six times at 30 min intervals, produced significant increases in native and cryptic Met-enkephalin in striatum, consistent with an increase in neuronal release of Met-enkephalin together with increases in synthesis and processing of proenkephalin A in this brain region.	Nicotine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	228-238
15935455-9	2005	The selective CB1 antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716), reduces nicotine self-administration and nicotine-seeking behavior induced by conditioned cues in rats.	Nicotine	61-69	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
15935455-9	2005	The selective CB1 antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716), reduces nicotine self-administration and nicotine-seeking behavior induced by conditioned cues in rats.	Nicotine	94-102	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
3441443-8	1987	Repeated short-term administration of nicotine, 0.1 mg/kg IP six times at 30 min intervals, produced significant increases in native and cryptic Met-enkephalin in striatum, consistent with an increase in neuronal release of Met-enkephalin together with increases in synthesis and processing of proenkephalin A in this brain region.	Nicotine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	294-309
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	16-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	16-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
16019605-9	2005	In vivo, uveal release of t-PA increased more than three-fold within one minute following superior cervical sympathetic ganglion electrical stimulation, and after phenylephrine, or nicotine infusions of the anterior chamber.	Nicotine	181-189	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	26-30
15795061-0	2005	Maternal exposure of rats to nicotine via infusion during gestation produces neurobehavioral deficits and elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebellum and CA1 subfield in the offspring at puberty.	Nicotine	29-37	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	129-160
15795061-12	2005	These results indicate that maternal exposure to nicotine produces significant neurobehavioral deficits, a decrease in the surviving neurons and an increased expression of GFAP in cerebellum and CA1 subfield of hippocampus of the offspring on PND 30 and 60.	Nicotine	49-57	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	16-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-209
15926916-5	2005	The purpose of these studies was to clarify the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on the localization of beta2 and alpha7 nAChR subunits in brain areas involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	67-75	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	109-114
15926916-5	2005	The purpose of these studies was to clarify the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on the localization of beta2 and alpha7 nAChR subunits in brain areas involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	168-176	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	109-114
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	161-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-209
15926916-10	2005	In response to chronic nicotine treatment the beta2 and alpha7 nAChR subunit labelling was increased at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites as well as intracellularly.	Nicotine	23-31	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	46-51
24232152-6	1986	Whereas the activities of ornithine decarboxylase were very similar under nicotine-stimulating and non-stimulating conditions, those of putrescine methyltransferase and methyl-putrescine oxidase increased strongly in the induction medium.	Nicotine	74-82	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	26-49
15848192-0	2005	Modified nicotine metabolism in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the human cytochrome P450 2A6 cDNA.	Nicotine	9-17	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	79-98
4042278-0	1985	Effect of nicotine and N"-nitrosonornicotine on rat lung and trachea ornithine decarboxylase activity.	Nicotine	10-18	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-92
15831280-5	2005	MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The effect of nicotine on the occurrence of apoptosis was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, terminal deoxynuclotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, DNA fragmentation assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, caspase-3 enzyme assay, and Western blot analysis.	Nicotine	39-47	caspase 3	Mus musculus	356-365
15831280-8	2005	It was also shown that nicotine increases the mRNA level of bax and decreases that of bcl-2.	Nicotine	23-31	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	60-63
15831280-9	2005	In addition, nicotine enhanced the expression of the activated form of caspase-3 and caspase-3 enzyme activity.	Nicotine	13-21	caspase 3	Mus musculus	71-80
15831280-9	2005	In addition, nicotine enhanced the expression of the activated form of caspase-3 and caspase-3 enzyme activity.	Nicotine	13-21	caspase 3	Mus musculus	85-94
4042278-2	1985	In the present paper we test the effects of the tobacco-specific components nicotine and N"-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) on lung and trachea ODC activity.	Nicotine	76-84	ornithine decarboxylase	Nicotiana tabacum	137-140
15831280-10	2005	CONCLUSION(S): Nicotine appears to activate specific intracellular death-related pathways, probably by bax-dependent activation of caspase-3, inducing apoptosis in Leydig cells.	Nicotine	15-23	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	103-106
15831280-10	2005	CONCLUSION(S): Nicotine appears to activate specific intracellular death-related pathways, probably by bax-dependent activation of caspase-3, inducing apoptosis in Leydig cells.	Nicotine	15-23	caspase 3	Mus musculus	131-140
4042278-6	1985	A single s.c. dose of nicotine activated both lung and trachea ODC in a dose-response fashion.	Nicotine	22-30	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
6090765-2	1984	Nicotine was added during a 10-day incubation period to a defined nephron culture medium (NCM) which had been supplemented with one of the following: fetal calf serum (FCS), dexamethasone (D), aldosterone (A), or epidermal growth factor (EGF).	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	213-236
15619120-0	2005	The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist MPEP decreased break points for nicotine, cocaine and food in rats.	Nicotine	81-89	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	4-37
6875853-0	1983	[3H]Nicotine binding in rat brain: alteration after chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition.	Nicotine	4-12	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	60-80
15738419-1	2005	We investigated the role played by beta2-containing neuronal nicotinic receptors [nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)] in mediating nicotine"s side effects in the fetus and newborn.	Nicotine	139-147	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	35-40
15488331-6	2004	Treatment with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (L-VSCC) antagonists prevented the nicotine-induced protective effect.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	15-47
15488331-6	2004	Treatment with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (L-VSCC) antagonists prevented the nicotine-induced protective effect.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
6684456-0	1983	Study on the protection of CDP-choline against nicotine intoxication.	Nicotine	47-55	cut-like homeobox 1	Mus musculus	27-30
15542756-0	2004	Alpha 7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and prodynorphin mRNA expression after administration of (-)-nicotine and U-50,488H in beta-amyloid peptide (25-35)-treated mice.	Nicotine	103-115	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	50-62
15542756-3	2004	In the present study, we tested whether (-)-nicotine and U-50,488H prevent delayed-memory impairment induced by beta-amyloid peptide (25-35), and changes of expression of alpha7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA and prodynorphin mRNA.	Nicotine	40-52	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	225-237
6684456-4	1983	By comparing the toxicity induced by nicotine in the animals receiving CDP-choline with that in animals receiving agar solution, a remarkable difference of the LD50 was observed between both groups.	Nicotine	37-45	cut-like homeobox 1	Mus musculus	71-74
421548-8	1979	When a high-nicotine cigarette was smoked after the subject received a beta blocker, a significant prolongation of the pre-ejection period index (PEPc) occurred as a result of the increased afterload.	Nicotine	12-20	peptidase C	Homo sapiens	146-150
15178698-7	2004	Collectively, this electrophysiological, pharmacological, and molecular evidence indicates that nAChR alpha7 subunits and functional alpha7-nAChRs are expressed somatodendritically by midbrain DA neurons, where they may play important physiological roles and contribute to nicotine reinforcement and dependence.	Nicotine	273-281	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
14752122-9	2004	We further investigated the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on PKC expression in the caudal brain stem (CB) of developing rats.	Nicotine	47-55	protein kinase C, beta	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
14752122-11	2004	It is concluded that prenatal nicotine exposure is associated with modulation of biphasic HVR and a selective increase in the expression of PKC-beta and PKC-delta within the CB of developing rats.	Nicotine	30-38	protein kinase C, beta	Rattus norvegicus	140-148
708156-7	1978	These results are interpreted to indicate that the accumulation of nicotine in bronchial epithelium is not accounted for by transcellular pH gradients but is due to a high affinity of nicotine for a cytochrome P-450 in this tissue which demethylates the nicotine.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	199-215
15135886-3	2004	Application of nicotine resulted in an abrupt increase in DAF-2T fluorescence in 65% of neuronal cell bodies that was fully sensitive to the general nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
708156-7	1978	These results are interpreted to indicate that the accumulation of nicotine in bronchial epithelium is not accounted for by transcellular pH gradients but is due to a high affinity of nicotine for a cytochrome P-450 in this tissue which demethylates the nicotine.	Nicotine	184-192	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	199-215
708156-7	1978	These results are interpreted to indicate that the accumulation of nicotine in bronchial epithelium is not accounted for by transcellular pH gradients but is due to a high affinity of nicotine for a cytochrome P-450 in this tissue which demethylates the nicotine.	Nicotine	184-192	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	199-215
15026155-4	2004	We examined the effect of acupuncture on nicotine-induced behavioral locomotor activity and c-fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum utilizing the immunocytochemical detection of the Fos protein.	Nicotine	41-49	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
3249-5	1976	5 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase levels increased similarly in both sides during treatment with nicotine (10 mg/kg).	Nicotine	91-99	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	2-27
14974084-0	2004	A nicotine C-oxidase gene (CYP2A6) polymorphism important for promoter activity.	Nicotine	2-10	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
7752-5	1976	Carbamylcholine, acetylcholine and nicotine at concentrations of 10(-4) M elicited a selective induction of TH and DBH both in intact and decentralized ganglia via nicotinic receptor stimulation.	Nicotine	35-43	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
14974084-1	2004	In humans, several polymorphic variants have been described for the gene encoding the major nicotine C-oxidase, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), which is to a great extent responsible for the large interindividual differences seen at the enzymatic and activity levels.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	112-131
14974084-1	2004	In humans, several polymorphic variants have been described for the gene encoding the major nicotine C-oxidase, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), which is to a great extent responsible for the large interindividual differences seen at the enzymatic and activity levels.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	133-139
33813843-3	2021	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced blood pressure elevation is in part mediated by change in renal 11beta-HSD2 leading to higher MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) occupancy.	Nicotine	21-29	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2	Mus musculus	136-162
14975692-6	2004	However, the increase in both GABAergic and glycinergic mIPSCs elicited by nicotine was abolished by the P/Q (Cav 2.1) voltage gated calcium channel antagonist omega-agatoxin IVA (100 nM).	Nicotine	75-83	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Homo sapiens	110-117
14975692-8	2004	This work demonstrates that the nicotine evoked facilitation of GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons is dependent upon activation of P/Q (Cav 2.1) and N (Cav 2.2) type calcium channels.	Nicotine	32-40	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Homo sapiens	170-177
33813843-5	2021	Reduction of renal 11beta-HSD2 expression by nicotine was correlated with the suppression of C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta) and activation of Akt protein kinase phosphorylation (pThr308Akt/PKB) within the kidney.	Nicotine	45-53	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	104-139
34006831-0	2021	Nicotine aggravates vascular adiponectin resistance via ubiquitin-mediated adiponectin receptor degradation in diabetic Apolipoprotein E knockout mouse.	Nicotine	0-8	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	29-40
14757175-0	2004	Nicotine-related alkaloids and metabolites as inhibitors of human cytochrome P-450 2A6.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	66-86
34006831-0	2021	Nicotine aggravates vascular adiponectin resistance via ubiquitin-mediated adiponectin receptor degradation in diabetic Apolipoprotein E knockout mouse.	Nicotine	0-8	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	75-86
14757175-4	2004	beta-Nicotyrine, in which the N-methylpyrrolidino moiety of nicotine was replaced by the aromatic N-methylpyrrole ring, was shown to inhibit human CYP2A6 with much greater potency (Ki=0.37 microM) compared with S-(-)-nicotine.	Nicotine	60-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	147-153
14757175-4	2004	beta-Nicotyrine, in which the N-methylpyrrolidino moiety of nicotine was replaced by the aromatic N-methylpyrrole ring, was shown to inhibit human CYP2A6 with much greater potency (Ki=0.37 microM) compared with S-(-)-nicotine.	Nicotine	211-225	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	147-153
34006831-5	2021	In this study, we evaluated the alteration of adiponectin (APN) level in high-fat diet (HFD) mice with nicotine (NIC) administration.	Nicotine	103-111	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	46-57
14757175-5	2004	Among the compounds examined, only nicotine and beta-nicotyrine were mechanism-based inhibitors of human CYP2A6.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
34006831-5	2021	In this study, we evaluated the alteration of adiponectin (APN) level in high-fat diet (HFD) mice with nicotine (NIC) administration.	Nicotine	103-111	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	59-62
14757175-7	2004	Our results indicate that the prominent nicotine-related alkaloid beta-nicotyrine present after smoking potently inhibits human CYP2A6.	Nicotine	40-48	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	128-134
34006831-5	2021	In this study, we evaluated the alteration of adiponectin (APN) level in high-fat diet (HFD) mice with nicotine (NIC) administration.	Nicotine	113-116	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	46-57
34006831-5	2021	In this study, we evaluated the alteration of adiponectin (APN) level in high-fat diet (HFD) mice with nicotine (NIC) administration.	Nicotine	113-116	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	59-62
34006831-8	2021	These results indicated that the circulating APN level in nicotine-administrated diabetic Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice was elevated in advance of 2 weeks of diabetic ApoE-/- mice.	Nicotine	58-66	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	45-48
34006831-11	2021	Additionally, nicotine provoked SOCS3, degraded AdipoR1, and attenuated APN-activated ERK1/2 in the presence of high glucose and high lipid (HG/HL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	14-22	adiponectin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	48-55
34006831-11	2021	Additionally, nicotine provoked SOCS3, degraded AdipoR1, and attenuated APN-activated ERK1/2 in the presence of high glucose and high lipid (HG/HL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	14-22	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	72-75
14512281-6	2004	The nicotine-induced current was abolished by the neuronal nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
14512281-7	2004	The direction and magnitude of the shift in E(rev) of nicotine-induced current as a function of extracellular Na(+) concentration indicate that the nAChR channel is cation selective and follows that predicted by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation assuming K(+)/Na(+) permeability ratio of 1.11.	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
14512281-9	2004	Taken together, these results demonstrate that neuronal nAChR activation by cholinergic agonists evokes an inward current in CMECs carried primarily by Na(+), which may contribute to the plasma nicotine-induced changes in microvascular permeability and reactivity induced by elevations in plasma nicotine.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
14512281-9	2004	Taken together, these results demonstrate that neuronal nAChR activation by cholinergic agonists evokes an inward current in CMECs carried primarily by Na(+), which may contribute to the plasma nicotine-induced changes in microvascular permeability and reactivity induced by elevations in plasma nicotine.	Nicotine	296-304	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
17097117-2	2007	Acute nicotine (0.4mg/kg, sc) injection produced an increase (232% of basal) in extracellular DA, which was attenuated by pretreatment with the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (4mg/kg, sc).	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
17186223-2	2007	BDNF modulates several behaviors that are associated with addictive drugs, and upregulation of BDNF was found to be associated with several drugs of abuse such as amphetamine, cocaine, and nicotine.	Nicotine	189-197	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	95-99
14982698-0	2004	Null mutant analysis of responses to nicotine: deletion of beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit but not alpha7 subunit reduces sensitivity to nicotine-induced locomotor depression and hypothermia.	Nicotine	37-45	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	59-64
14982698-0	2004	Null mutant analysis of responses to nicotine: deletion of beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit but not alpha7 subunit reduces sensitivity to nicotine-induced locomotor depression and hypothermia.	Nicotine	152-160	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	59-64
17003101-3	2007	Results showed that nicotine dose dependently increased the phosphorylation of EKR1/2 and the expression of AP-1 subunits c-fos and c-jun.	Nicotine	20-28	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
17003101-3	2007	Results showed that nicotine dose dependently increased the phosphorylation of EKR1/2 and the expression of AP-1 subunits c-fos and c-jun.	Nicotine	20-28	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
17003101-7	2007	Furthermore, atenolol and ICI 118,551, a beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist, respectively, reversed the stimulatory action of nicotine on the expression of PKC, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and COX-2 together with cell proliferation.	Nicotine	132-140	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	52-70
17523180-4	2007	A significant increase in the levels of P-CREB, P-MAPKp44, P-MAPKp42 and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was seen 4 h after multiple train high frequency stimulation (MHFS) in nicotine-treated hypothyroid and control animals, but not in hypothyroid animals.	Nicotine	185-193	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-106
17523180-4	2007	A significant increase in the levels of P-CREB, P-MAPKp44, P-MAPKp42 and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was seen 4 h after multiple train high frequency stimulation (MHFS) in nicotine-treated hypothyroid and control animals, but not in hypothyroid animals.	Nicotine	185-193	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
16794563-0	2007	Regulation by nicotine of Gpr51 and Ntrk2 expression in various rat brain regions.	Nicotine	14-22	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
14982698-5	2004	Following nicotine injection, dose-dependent decreases in body temperature and locomotor activity were observed for all three genotypes of both beta2 and alpha7 mice.	Nicotine	10-18	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	144-149
14592853-6	2004	Interestingly, co-administration of nicotine and Ang II at lower doses, which did not affect cell growth, induced DNA synthesis and c-fos expression accompanied by enhancement of ERK, STAT, and p38MAPK activity.	Nicotine	36-44	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
15464132-5	2004	Knockout mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR did not show locomotor activation in response to chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting that beta2* nAChRs are critical for ongoing activation of the dopamine system by chronic nicotine administration and the resulting locomotor activation in mice.	Nicotine	229-237	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	26-31
15464132-5	2004	Knockout mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR did not show locomotor activation in response to chronic nicotine exposure, suggesting that beta2* nAChRs are critical for ongoing activation of the dopamine system by chronic nicotine administration and the resulting locomotor activation in mice.	Nicotine	229-237	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	145-150
16794563-1	2007	Our previous genetic studies demonstrated that variants of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid B receptor subunit 2 (GPR51) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) genes are significantly associated with nicotine dependence (ND) in smokers.	Nicotine	213-221	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
34006831-13	2021	In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time that nicotine primed vascular APN resistance via SOCS3-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated AdipoR1, accelerating diabetic endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	60-68	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	85-88
16794563-3	2007	In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of nicotine on the expression of Gpr51 and Ntrk2 in seven rat brain regions during the administration of nicotine in a daily dose of 3.15 mg/kg for 7 days.	Nicotine	56-64	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
34006831-13	2021	In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time that nicotine primed vascular APN resistance via SOCS3-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated AdipoR1, accelerating diabetic endothelial dysfunction.	Nicotine	60-68	adiponectin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	148-155
16794563-4	2007	With quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we found that nicotine increased the mRNA of Gpr51 by 70, 78, and 32% in the amygdala, striatum, and prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively, but decreased by 54% in the nucleus accumbens (NA).	Nicotine	50-58	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
16794563-5	2007	The Gpr51 protein was upregulated by nicotine in the amygdala (26%), striatum (73%), PFC (28%), and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH; 19%) but downregulated in the NA (-72%).	Nicotine	37-45	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
32776643-2	2021	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the alpha6 and beta3 subunits are expressed in neural reward circuits and are critical for nicotine and alcohol reward.	Nicotine	145-153	twinfilin actin binding protein 1	Mus musculus	58-74
17986837-0	2007	The role of the TPH1 and TPH2 genes for nicotine dependence: a genetic association study in two different age cohorts.	Nicotine	40-48	tryptophan hydroxylase 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
17234382-8	2007	Three clusters of genes (A, B, and C) showed dramatic peaks in their nicotine responses at the same age (p35).	Nicotine	69-77	cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
15099681-9	2004	In a second series of studies, both acute and pre-exposure of cultures to (-)-nicotine (1-10 microM) significantly reduced NMDA toxicity in the CA1 region.	Nicotine	74-86	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
15099681-10	2004	Co-administration of cultures to (-)-nicotine (1-10 microM) with 100 nM corticosterone prevented corticosterone"s exacerbation of subsequent CA1 insult.	Nicotine	33-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
14653389-2	2003	Nicotine is known to affect human gingival fibroblast orientation, attachment, and beta1 integrin expression, yet little is known about its effects on osteoclasts, the cells most responsible for bone resorption.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	83-97
17234382-9	2007	The other two clusters (D1 and D2) showed smaller peaks and/or valleys in their nicotine responses at p35 and p45.	Nicotine	80-88	cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
33146402-0	2021	Nicotine exhausts CD8+ T cells against tumor cells through increasing miR-629-5p to repress IL2RB-mediated granzyme B expression.	Nicotine	0-8	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	107-117
14577978-3	2003	Nicotine is metabolized extensively by the liver enzyme CYP2A6, primarily to cotinine.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
33146402-12	2021	We further validated that nicotine reduced granzyme B levels using a nuclear imaging technique, and demonstrated that nicotine exhausted peripheral blood mononuclear cells against HCC827 growth in the humanized tumor xenografts.	Nicotine	26-34	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	43-53
14500836-8	2003	Recruitment of p300 to the NIC-containing complex was facilitated by activated Smad1, which is suggested to contribute to BMP2-mediated enhancement of Notch-induced Hes-5 expression.	Nicotine	27-30	E1A binding protein p300	Mus musculus	15-19
33411237-9	2021	The number of D2R-positive neurons was increased in FABP3-/- mice, while the number of D1R-positive neurons and the responsiveness of c-Fos expression to nicotine were decreased.	Nicotine	154-162	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	134-139
14500836-8	2003	Recruitment of p300 to the NIC-containing complex was facilitated by activated Smad1, which is suggested to contribute to BMP2-mediated enhancement of Notch-induced Hes-5 expression.	Nicotine	27-30	hes family bHLH transcription factor 5	Mus musculus	165-170
33411237-11	2021	Taken together, these results indicate that impaired D2R signaling due to lack of FABP3 may affect D1R and c-Fos signaling and underlie nicotine-induced CPP behaviors.	Nicotine	136-144	fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart	Mus musculus	82-87
17130279-0	2007	The role of CYP2A6 in the emergence of nicotine dependence in adolescents.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
33411237-11	2021	Taken together, these results indicate that impaired D2R signaling due to lack of FABP3 may affect D1R and c-Fos signaling and underlie nicotine-induced CPP behaviors.	Nicotine	136-144	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	107-112
33895349-0	2021	Long-term effects of early postnatal nicotine exposure on cholinergic function in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	37-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	104-107
17264803-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3, DAT1) and treatment outcome in smokers attempting to quit using either nicotine replacement therapy or bupropion.	Nicotine	174-182	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	68-88
17264803-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3, DAT1) and treatment outcome in smokers attempting to quit using either nicotine replacement therapy or bupropion.	Nicotine	174-182	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	95-101
17270257-5	2007	In males, but not in females, there were effects of nicotine treatment and of stress condition on Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cell counts in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus: SS males had higher Fos-ir counts than did ISO and non-stressed control males, and higher Fos-ir counts in the PVN were found in repeated-nicotine groups than in acute-nicotine and saline groups.	Nicotine	52-60	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
17270257-5	2007	In males, but not in females, there were effects of nicotine treatment and of stress condition on Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cell counts in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus: SS males had higher Fos-ir counts than did ISO and non-stressed control males, and higher Fos-ir counts in the PVN were found in repeated-nicotine groups than in acute-nicotine and saline groups.	Nicotine	52-60	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
17270257-5	2007	In males, but not in females, there were effects of nicotine treatment and of stress condition on Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cell counts in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus: SS males had higher Fos-ir counts than did ISO and non-stressed control males, and higher Fos-ir counts in the PVN were found in repeated-nicotine groups than in acute-nicotine and saline groups.	Nicotine	52-60	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
17270257-5	2007	In males, but not in females, there were effects of nicotine treatment and of stress condition on Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cell counts in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus: SS males had higher Fos-ir counts than did ISO and non-stressed control males, and higher Fos-ir counts in the PVN were found in repeated-nicotine groups than in acute-nicotine and saline groups.	Nicotine	52-60	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
12748066-7	2003	Nicotine stimulation reduced forskolin-stimulated AC activity by 35%, and this inhibition was negated by either treatment with alpha-bungarotoxin, a specific antagonist of nAChR alpha 7, or cholesterol depletion from plasma membranes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
14615005-12	2003	Further, long-term exposure to (-)-nicotine enhances calbindin-D(28k) expression in an alpha(7)* nAChR-dependent manner and antagonizes the effects of ethanol on calbindin-D(28k) expression.	Nicotine	31-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
33995360-4	2021	Then, we further investigated the regulatory role of alpha7nAChR activation by nicotine on decidual macrophage polarization and placental remodeling in the PE-like mouse model.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	53-64
33995360-12	2021	alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) which is specific antagonist for alpha7nAChR could abolish the effects of nicotine on decidual macrophage polarization, trophoblast arrangement and vascular structure in placental tissue in PE mice.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	64-75
17223731-7	2007	In animals exposed only to nicotine the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus and in the hilus of the dentate gyrus was higher than in controls.	Nicotine	27-35	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
33884179-9	2021	Nicotine (10 nM) also increased IRE1alpha and PERK phosphorylation, and ATF6 and GRP78 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	46-50
12890766-4	2003	To explore this possibility, we assessed the effect of Abeta peptides on nicotine-evoked changes in presynaptic Ca2+ level via confocal imaging of isolated presynaptic nerve endings from rat hippocampus and neocortex.	Nicotine	73-81	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
12890766-5	2003	Abeta1-42 appeared to inhibit presynaptic nAChR activation by nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
33884179-9	2021	Nicotine (10 nM) also increased IRE1alpha and PERK phosphorylation, and ATF6 and GRP78 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	activating transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	72-76
12749606-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Genetic variation of CYP2A6 is shown to alter nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
16950410-3	2006	However, it remains to be elucidated which subtypes of nAChR are involved in the antinociceptive effect of nicotine on nerve injury-induced allodynia and the underlying cascades of the nAChR-mediated antiallodynic effect.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
16950410-3	2006	However, it remains to be elucidated which subtypes of nAChR are involved in the antinociceptive effect of nicotine on nerve injury-induced allodynia and the underlying cascades of the nAChR-mediated antiallodynic effect.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	185-190
33718373-6	2021	Using nicotine and a selective alpha7-nAChRs agonist PNU-282987, we found a protective effect of alpha7-nAChRs on the cell damage induced by alphaSyn-PFF (preformed fibrils) through inhibiting apoptotic cell death.	Nicotine	6-14	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	141-149
16950410-5	2006	It was found that the intrathecal injection of nicotine, RJR-2403, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist, and choline, a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, produced an antinociceptive effect on the TNT-induced allodynia.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
16950410-5	2006	It was found that the intrathecal injection of nicotine, RJR-2403, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist, and choline, a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, produced an antinociceptive effect on the TNT-induced allodynia.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
16950410-6	2006	The actions of nicotine were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic antagonist, or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, and partially reversed by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	185-190
16950410-6	2006	The actions of nicotine were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic antagonist, or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, and partially reversed by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	286-291
17151781-10	2006	Nicotine also increased expression of the alpha7 nicotine receptor and c-fos genes.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
12708602-5	2003	Additionally, we were interested in the effect of polymorphism on smoking because of the predominant role of CYP2A6 in the metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	137-145	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	109-115
12575981-10	2003	Nicotine increased by two- to three-fold the expression of monocyte adhesion molecules CD11b and CD11a; the expression of the endothelial adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1; and the endothelial release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Nicotine	0-8	C-C motif chemokine 2	Bos taurus	222-256
33440720-1	2021	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is one of the receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), and nicotine (NIC) acts as an agonist of this receptor.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-36
33440720-1	2021	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is one of the receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), and nicotine (NIC) acts as an agonist of this receptor.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-43
12498914-0	2003	Blockade of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization by a novel neurotensin analog in rats.	Nicotine	12-20	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	64-75
12498914-16	2003	The present study is the first report, to our knowledge, of a possible role for neurotensin in the development of nicotine dependence, and suggests that neurotensin analogs such as NT69L may be explored as treatment for nicotine and other psychostimulant abuse.	Nicotine	114-122	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	80-91
17220563-0	2006	In vivo evaluation of coumarin and nicotine as probe drugs to predict the metabolic capacity of CYP2A6 due to genetic polymorphism in Thais.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
33440720-1	2021	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is one of the receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), and nicotine (NIC) acts as an agonist of this receptor.	Nicotine	107-110	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	4-36
17220563-1	2006	The association between the distribution characteristics of CYP2A6 catalytic activities toward nicotine and coumarin, and the frequency distribution of CYP2A6 variant alleles reported was estimated in 120 healthy Thais.	Nicotine	95-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	60-66
17220563-4	2006	The inter-individual variability in the in vivo dispositions of coumarin and nicotine closely related to the CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	109-115
12498914-16	2003	The present study is the first report, to our knowledge, of a possible role for neurotensin in the development of nicotine dependence, and suggests that neurotensin analogs such as NT69L may be explored as treatment for nicotine and other psychostimulant abuse.	Nicotine	220-228	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	153-164
33440720-1	2021	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is one of the receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), and nicotine (NIC) acts as an agonist of this receptor.	Nicotine	107-110	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-43
17220563-7	2006	Subjects having CYP2A6*1A/*1B were found to have a higher rate of 7-OHC excretion, as well as a higher cotinine/nicotine ratio in the plasma compared with those of the other genotypes.	Nicotine	112-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
17220563-11	2006	The results of the present study demonstrate that in vivo phenotyping of CYP2A6 using nicotine and coumarin are not metabolically equivalent.	Nicotine	86-94	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	73-79
33165201-0	2020	Nicotine induces P2X4 receptor, interleukin-1 beta, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in BV2 microglia cells.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	56-89
12520409-3	2003	Following nicotine and capsaicin, there was a significant increase in fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) compared with controls in the following areas: nucleus of the solitary tract from the level of the pyramidal decussation caudally to the level of the area postrema rostrally; dorsomedial aspect of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc); and paratrigeminal islands interspersed in the spinal trigeminal tract.	Nicotine	10-18	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
17156388-0	2006	Chronic nicotine-induced switch in Src-family kinase signaling for long-term potentiation induction in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells.	Nicotine	8-16	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
17156388-1	2006	Here, we show that chronic nicotine exposure induces changes in Src signaling for the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function and LTP induction in CA1 pyramidal cells.	Nicotine	27-35	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
16966384-0	2006	Effect of nicotine on IL-18-initiated immune response in human monocytes.	Nicotine	10-18	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	22-27
16966384-4	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine inhibited the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes, and the production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by PBMC.	Nicotine	36-44	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	59-64
12325023-1	2002	The human CYP2A6 enzyme metabolizes certain drugs and pre-carcinogens and appears to be the most important enzyme for nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	118-126	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
33165201-7	2020	RESULTS: Chronic nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1beta in BV2 cells, and stimulated the release of BDNF and IL-1beta in the presence of ATP.	Nicotine	17-25	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	69-73
16966384-4	2006	In the present study, we found that nicotine inhibited the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes, and the production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by PBMC.	Nicotine	36-44	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	88-94
33165201-7	2020	RESULTS: Chronic nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1beta in BV2 cells, and stimulated the release of BDNF and IL-1beta in the presence of ATP.	Nicotine	17-25	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	79-87
33165201-7	2020	RESULTS: Chronic nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1beta in BV2 cells, and stimulated the release of BDNF and IL-1beta in the presence of ATP.	Nicotine	17-25	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	132-136
33165201-7	2020	RESULTS: Chronic nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1beta in BV2 cells, and stimulated the release of BDNF and IL-1beta in the presence of ATP.	Nicotine	17-25	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	141-149
16720336-2	2006	In this study, we have investigated the significance of CYP2A6 genotype on smoking habit and treatment of nicotine patch.	Nicotine	106-114	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
33165201-8	2020	IRF8 was found to mediate the nicotine-induced increases in BDNF and IL-1beta mRNA and P2X4R protein levels in BV2 cells.	Nicotine	30-38	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	60-64
33165201-8	2020	IRF8 was found to mediate the nicotine-induced increases in BDNF and IL-1beta mRNA and P2X4R protein levels in BV2 cells.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	69-77
33165201-9	2020	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may increase pain hypersensitivity by promoting the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1beta through modulation of IRF8 levels in microglial cells.	Nicotine	12-20	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	94-98
33165201-9	2020	CONCLUSION: Nicotine may increase pain hypersensitivity by promoting the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1beta through modulation of IRF8 levels in microglial cells.	Nicotine	12-20	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	104-112
16882311-5	2006	The results showed that levels of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter, dopamine and nicotinic receptors were greater in nicotine-treated MPTP-lesioned primates than in lesioned animals not receiving nicotine.	Nicotine	169-177	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	65-85
32638534-9	2020	Nicotine decreased the IL-1beta-induced IL-6 and MMP expression, in a dose-dependent manner, in WT chondrocytes but not in Chrna7-/- chondrocytes.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	23-31
32959891-7	2020	KEY RESULTS: Apical application of the nAChR agonist nicotine transiently increased ISC (EC50 : 19.83 mumol*L-1 ).	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	39-44
16814329-1	2006	Although previous studies suggest nicotine protects against a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal tract in rats, it is not known whether functional motor recovery occurs or which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes mediate this effect.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	240-245
16739166-5	2006	Film autoradiographic studies showed that nicotine significantly increased c-fos mRNA expression in both PVN and CEA.	Nicotine	42-50	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
16739166-6	2006	Pretreatment with the centrally acting nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine (1 mg/kg), blocked nicotine"s effects, whereas pretreatment with the peripherally acting antagonist, hexamethonium (5 mg/kg), did not, indicating that c-fos induction was mediated by a central nicotinic receptor.	Nicotine	93-101	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	225-230
16739166-7	2006	Double labeling studies showed that nicotine induced c-fos expression within CRF cells in the PVN, as well as in a small population of ENK cells, but not in PVN DYN cells.	Nicotine	36-44	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
16739166-8	2006	In contrast, there was no significant nicotine-induced increase in c-fos expression in CEA CRF or DYN cells, whereas nicotine treatment did increase c-fos expression within CEA ENK cells.	Nicotine	117-125	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
32959891-8	2020	The nicotine-effect was abolished by the nAChR inhibitor mecamylamine.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	41-46
32959891-15	2020	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: alpha3beta4 nAChR are responsible for the nicotine-induced current changes via Ca2+ -release from intracellular stores, PKA and ryanodine receptor activation.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	42-47
32988984-1	2020	Previous reports indicate that nicotine reward is mediated through alpha4beta2*, alpha6beta2*, and alpha4alpha6beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) (*, indicates that additional nAChR subunits may be present).	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	153-158
16752141-0	2006	Genetic dissociation of two behaviors associated with nicotine addiction: beta-2 containing nicotinic receptors are involved in nicotine reinforcement but not in withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	54-62	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	74-80
16752141-0	2006	Genetic dissociation of two behaviors associated with nicotine addiction: beta-2 containing nicotinic receptors are involved in nicotine reinforcement but not in withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	128-136	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	74-80
16752141-4	2006	However, beta2-/- mice showed some sensitivity to locomotor effects of nicotine, implying an effect of the drug on other nicotinic subtypes.	Nicotine	71-79	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	9-14
16752141-5	2006	Then, we observed that beta2-/- mice exhibited a normal nicotine withdrawal syndrome, i.e., increased levels of rearing and jumping upon precipitated withdrawal.	Nicotine	56-64	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	23-28
32988984-3	2020	Here we use male and female mice that contain alpha4-mCherry and alpha6-GFP nAChR subunits to show that concentrations of nicotine sufficient to evoke reward-related behavior robustly upregulate alpha4* and alpha4alpha6* nAChRs on midbrain dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	76-81
16790237-5	2006	Prior addition of neutralising BDNF antibodies or of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252A (200 nM) completely blocked nicotine-induced proliferation, suggesting the involvement of TrkB signalling in the mediation of the effect.	Nicotine	117-125	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	31-35
16790237-6	2006	Nicotine also enhanced both the secretion of BDNF from the SH-SY5Y and cell surface density of TrkB receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	45-49
16763966-0	2006	Nicotine metabolizing genes GSTT1 and CYP1A1 in sudden infant death syndrome.	Nicotine	0-8	glutathione S-transferase theta 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
32988984-4	2020	Furthermore, the extent of alpha4alpha6* nAChR upregulation on ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons aligns with the magnitude of nicotine reward-related behavior.	Nicotine	132-140	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	41-46
32820905-0	2020	Nicotine promotes WRL68 cells proliferation due to the mutant p53 gain-of-function by activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
16730696-0	2006	Evaluation of the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and cannabinoid system in the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	26-58
16730696-6	2006	Our pharmacological analyses demonstrates that the expression of nicotine discrimination is under the control of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes composed of alpha4beta2 (but not of alpha7) subunits.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	113-145
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	337-345	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
16805793-1	2006	In cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells treated with nicotine (10 microm for 24 h), phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 induced by insulin (100 nm for 10 min) was enhanced by approximately 62%, without altering levels of these protein kinases.	Nicotine	57-65	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Bos taurus	112-142
32820905-9	2020	Simply put, these findings indicated that nicotine induces mutant p53 gain-of function (GOF), activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation, which could contribute to HCC for smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
16631212-0	2006	Effects of chronic nicotine administration and its withdrawal on striatal FosB/DeltaFosB and c-Fos expression in rats and mice.	Nicotine	19-27	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
32917016-4	2020	Using immunolabeling and biochemical approaches, we observed that nicotine stimulation triggered the egress of AnxA2 to the external leaflets of the plasma membrane in the vicinity of exocytotic sites.	Nicotine	66-74	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	111-116
16631212-0	2006	Effects of chronic nicotine administration and its withdrawal on striatal FosB/DeltaFosB and c-Fos expression in rats and mice.	Nicotine	19-27	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
16631212-4	2006	In rats given nicotine subcutaneously once daily for 5days FosB/DeltaFosB expression was elevated in the NAcc still after 24-h withdrawal suggesting accumulation of DeltaFosB but in the CPu neither FosB/DeltaFosB nor c-Fos expression was altered.	Nicotine	14-22	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
16631212-4	2006	In rats given nicotine subcutaneously once daily for 5days FosB/DeltaFosB expression was elevated in the NAcc still after 24-h withdrawal suggesting accumulation of DeltaFosB but in the CPu neither FosB/DeltaFosB nor c-Fos expression was altered.	Nicotine	14-22	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
16631212-4	2006	In rats given nicotine subcutaneously once daily for 5days FosB/DeltaFosB expression was elevated in the NAcc still after 24-h withdrawal suggesting accumulation of DeltaFosB but in the CPu neither FosB/DeltaFosB nor c-Fos expression was altered.	Nicotine	14-22	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	217-222
16631212-7	2006	However, in mice given nicotine via drinking fluid although striatal fosB and c-fos were activated by nicotine even after 7-week treatment no evidence of accumulation of long-lived DeltaFosB was found suggesting perhaps a species difference or more likely a role for the manner of administration.	Nicotine	23-31	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	69-73
16631212-7	2006	However, in mice given nicotine via drinking fluid although striatal fosB and c-fos were activated by nicotine even after 7-week treatment no evidence of accumulation of long-lived DeltaFosB was found suggesting perhaps a species difference or more likely a role for the manner of administration.	Nicotine	102-110	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	69-73
32691528-8	2020	Furthermore, the nonselective nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, reversed nicotine effects on sociability and increased repetitive behaviors in BTBR T + tf/J mice.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	30-35
16322994-1	2006	A DNA construct containing the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) gene genetically fused to a nucleotide sequence encoding three copies of tandemly repeated diabetes-associated autoantigen, the B chain of human insulin, was produced and transferred into low-nicotine tobaccos by Agrobacterium.	Nicotine	253-261	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline	Homo sapiens	31-54
16322994-1	2006	A DNA construct containing the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) gene genetically fused to a nucleotide sequence encoding three copies of tandemly repeated diabetes-associated autoantigen, the B chain of human insulin, was produced and transferred into low-nicotine tobaccos by Agrobacterium.	Nicotine	253-261	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline	Homo sapiens	56-59
32361056-0	2020	An okadaic acid fragment analogue prevents nicotine-induced resistance to cisplatin by recovering PP2A activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	43-51	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	98-102
16331670-0	2006	Association of the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (PTEN) with smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	90-98	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
32361056-1	2020	We herein report the design, synthesis, and functional impact of an okadaic acid (OA) small analogue, ITH12680, which restores the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), whose deficient activity has been implicated in nicotine-mediated tumor progression and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).	Nicotine	229-237	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	174-178
16331670-1	2006	Since PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) has elevated expression in rat brain (amygdala) after chronic administration of nicotine and the PTEN gene is located in the vicinity of the chromosome 10q23 linkage peak in a genome-scan study of nicotine dependence, PTEN seems a plausible candidate gene for smoking behavior.	Nicotine	124-132	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
16331670-1	2006	Since PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) has elevated expression in rat brain (amygdala) after chronic administration of nicotine and the PTEN gene is located in the vicinity of the chromosome 10q23 linkage peak in a genome-scan study of nicotine dependence, PTEN seems a plausible candidate gene for smoking behavior.	Nicotine	241-249	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
16331670-1	2006	Since PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) has elevated expression in rat brain (amygdala) after chronic administration of nicotine and the PTEN gene is located in the vicinity of the chromosome 10q23 linkage peak in a genome-scan study of nicotine dependence, PTEN seems a plausible candidate gene for smoking behavior.	Nicotine	241-249	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
16331670-1	2006	Since PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) has elevated expression in rat brain (amygdala) after chronic administration of nicotine and the PTEN gene is located in the vicinity of the chromosome 10q23 linkage peak in a genome-scan study of nicotine dependence, PTEN seems a plausible candidate gene for smoking behavior.	Nicotine	241-249	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
16331670-8	2006	These results suggest that the PTEN gene may be involved in the etiology of both smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	104-112	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
32361056-6	2020	Our findings suggest that the rescue of nicotine-inhibited PP2A activity could diminish the resistance to cisplatin treatment observed in NSCLC patients who continue smoking.	Nicotine	40-48	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	59-63
32595653-0	2020	Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Nicotine in COVID-19 Patients: Trying to Calm the Storm.	Nicotine	36-44	synaptosome associated protein 91	Homo sapiens	77-81
16640111-5	2006	Nicotine seems to have a stimulant-like action on the DAT.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
16599377-2	2006	To investigate the potential mechanism of previously documented lower smoking rates among African-American adolescent smokers seeking cessation treatment, we measured nicotine metabolite ratios as markers of the metabolic disposition of nicotine, which is generally considered to be under the influence of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	237-245	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	306-331
17192649-6	2006	Nicotine-induced dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens (NuAcc) was also restored in re-expressing beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	104-109
32198107-12	2020	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.	Nicotine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
17192649-7	2006	Intra-VTA injection of nicotine was found to be reinforcing in both wild-type and beta2-subunit re-expressing beta2-/- mice, but not in beta2-/- mice.	Nicotine	23-31	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	110-115
32370298-10	2020	Further treatment of these macrophages with nicotine or HLE extracts caused higher inflammatory response (increased iNOS (M1), TNF-alpha, IL-6, and M1/M2 ratio, p < 0.05), increased MAP burden, and decreased apoptosis.	Nicotine	44-52	inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
32122618-9	2020	Moreover, platelet derived EVs, expressing platelet activation marker P-selectin and the inflammation marker, CD40 ligand, were also significantly increased following inhalation of e-cigarette vapor with nicotine.	Nicotine	204-212	selectin P	Homo sapiens	70-80
16188955-0	2006	Inactivation of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 during nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
32398966-0	2020	Cilostazol alleviate nicotine induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy through modulation of autophagy by CTSB/ROS/p38MAPK/JNK feedback loop.	Nicotine	21-29	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
16188955-2	2006	The primary catalyst of nicotine metabolism in humans is CYP2A6.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	57-63
16188955-5	2006	Here we report that both CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 were inactivated during nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
32398966-0	2020	Cilostazol alleviate nicotine induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy through modulation of autophagy by CTSB/ROS/p38MAPK/JNK feedback loop.	Nicotine	21-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
32398966-7	2020	Interestingly, cathepsin B (CTSB) activity decreased dramatically after stimulation with nicotine in NRVMs, which was crucial for substrate degradation in the late stage of autophagy process, and cilostazol could reverse this effect dramatically.	Nicotine	89-97	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	15-26
32398966-7	2020	Interestingly, cathepsin B (CTSB) activity decreased dramatically after stimulation with nicotine in NRVMs, which was crucial for substrate degradation in the late stage of autophagy process, and cilostazol could reverse this effect dramatically.	Nicotine	89-97	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
32398966-9	2020	Meanwhile, p38MAPK and JNK were activated after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	48-56	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
16153666-2	2006	Since chronic nicotine administration is known to result in desensitisation-induced upregulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the present study investigated whether chronic pre-treatment could enhance the response to systemic nicotine and, if so, whether increases in specific nAChR subunit mRNA levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) may underlie this effect.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
32398966-10	2020	By using ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could reverse the effects of nicotine by down-regulation the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and JNK pathways, and pretreatment of specific inhibitors of p38MAPK and JNK could restore the autophagy impairment and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
16153666-5	2006	Eight days pre-treatment with nicotine also significantly elevated the levels of alpha6 (approximately 55%) and beta3 (approximately 43%) nAChR subunit mRNA in the SNc, suggesting that up-regulation of these nAChR subunit genes in the nigrostriatal tract may contribute to the enhanced nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine release.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
16153666-5	2006	Eight days pre-treatment with nicotine also significantly elevated the levels of alpha6 (approximately 55%) and beta3 (approximately 43%) nAChR subunit mRNA in the SNc, suggesting that up-regulation of these nAChR subunit genes in the nigrostriatal tract may contribute to the enhanced nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine release.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
32398966-10	2020	By using ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could reverse the effects of nicotine by down-regulation the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and JNK pathways, and pretreatment of specific inhibitors of p38MAPK and JNK could restore the autophagy impairment and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
16153666-5	2006	Eight days pre-treatment with nicotine also significantly elevated the levels of alpha6 (approximately 55%) and beta3 (approximately 43%) nAChR subunit mRNA in the SNc, suggesting that up-regulation of these nAChR subunit genes in the nigrostriatal tract may contribute to the enhanced nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine release.	Nicotine	286-294	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
16214264-4	2006	The [(3)H]-NA release evoked by (-)-nicotine plus DHPG was totally abrogated by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	32-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
32373212-11	2020	The alpha7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) was highly expressed in HAECs and its antagonist could effectively relieve nicotine-induced EndMT and atherosclerotic lesions in mice.	Nicotine	11-19	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	44-55
32373212-11	2020	The alpha7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) was highly expressed in HAECs and its antagonist could effectively relieve nicotine-induced EndMT and atherosclerotic lesions in mice.	Nicotine	132-140	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	44-55
32293200-10	2020	In addition to differences in offspring behavior, maternal e-cigarette exposure with nicotine led to a reduction in interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in the diencephalon, as well as lower levels of hippocampal IFNgamma (females only).	Nicotine	85-93	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	116-134
16289885-1	2006	Prolonged exposure to nicotine, as occurs in smokers, results in up-regulation of all the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes studied so far, the only differences residing in the extent and time course of the up-regulation.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	99-131
16289885-9	2006	In conclusion, this work is the first to demonstrate that alpha6beta2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, unique within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family, are down-regulated following chronic nicotine treatment in rat dopaminergic mesostriatal pathway, a finding that may shed new light in the complex mechanisms of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-103
31752015-0	2020	Cognitive rigidity and BDNF-mediated frontostriatal glutamate neuroadaptations during spontaneous nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	98-106	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	23-27
16289885-9	2006	In conclusion, this work is the first to demonstrate that alpha6beta2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, unique within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family, are down-regulated following chronic nicotine treatment in rat dopaminergic mesostriatal pathway, a finding that may shed new light in the complex mechanisms of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	326-334	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-103
12446972-1	2002	Reports of an inverse relationship between nicotine intake, due to cigarette smoking, and the incidence of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) prompted us to investigate the effects of nicotine on amyloid beta-protein precursor (AbetaPP) processing in rat.	Nicotine	174-182	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	218-225
12446972-9	2002	Combined nicotine and muscarinic antagonism attenuated the action of the latter to elevate sAPPgamma, indicating that nicotine modifies AbetaPP processing away from potentially amyloidogenic products.	Nicotine	9-17	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	136-143
12446972-9	2002	Combined nicotine and muscarinic antagonism attenuated the action of the latter to elevate sAPPgamma, indicating that nicotine modifies AbetaPP processing away from potentially amyloidogenic products.	Nicotine	118-126	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	136-143
12384170-1	2002	The objective of this study was to compare nAChR-mediated neurotransmitter release from slices of rat striatum, frontal cortex and hippocampus following chronic (-)-nicotine (Nic) administration (tartrate salt, 2 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days).	Nicotine	175-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
16752811-6	2006	Nicotine administration increased the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus and in the hilus of the dentate gyrus with no effect in the remaining areas studied.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
31752015-8	2020	BDNF mRNA expression increased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	80-88	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	0-4
31752015-12	2020	Taken together, these data suggest that spontaneous nicotine withdrawal impairs distinct components of cognitive set-shifting and these deficits may be linked to BDNF-mediated alterations in glutamate signaling dynamics in discrete frontostriatal circuits.	Nicotine	52-60	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	162-166
12228730-7	2002	We propose that nicotine impairs breathing (and possibly arousal) responses to stress by disrupting functions normally regulated by beta2-containing, high-affinity nAChRs.	Nicotine	16-24	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	132-137
32322429-10	2020	It is also suggested that MAO A and B both are restrained by nicotine.	Nicotine	61-69	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	26-37
16372023-2	2005	METHODS: The procedure involved (a) genotyping 85 Maori participants for cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene variants, which are associated with reduced nicotine metabolic rate (ie CYP2A6*9 and *4); and (b) measuring salivary cotinine (COT) and trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) as biomarkers of nicotine intake and metabolic rate in 12 female smokers from the Hawke"s Bay Region (6 Maori and 6 European).	Nicotine	152-160	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	73-93
16372023-2	2005	METHODS: The procedure involved (a) genotyping 85 Maori participants for cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene variants, which are associated with reduced nicotine metabolic rate (ie CYP2A6*9 and *4); and (b) measuring salivary cotinine (COT) and trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) as biomarkers of nicotine intake and metabolic rate in 12 female smokers from the Hawke"s Bay Region (6 Maori and 6 European).	Nicotine	152-160	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	95-101
16372023-2	2005	METHODS: The procedure involved (a) genotyping 85 Maori participants for cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene variants, which are associated with reduced nicotine metabolic rate (ie CYP2A6*9 and *4); and (b) measuring salivary cotinine (COT) and trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) as biomarkers of nicotine intake and metabolic rate in 12 female smokers from the Hawke"s Bay Region (6 Maori and 6 European).	Nicotine	152-160	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	180-186
16372023-2	2005	METHODS: The procedure involved (a) genotyping 85 Maori participants for cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene variants, which are associated with reduced nicotine metabolic rate (ie CYP2A6*9 and *4); and (b) measuring salivary cotinine (COT) and trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) as biomarkers of nicotine intake and metabolic rate in 12 female smokers from the Hawke"s Bay Region (6 Maori and 6 European).	Nicotine	293-301	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	95-101
16372023-3	2005	RESULTS: (a) The frequencies of the slow nicotine metabolising variants, CYP2A6*9 and *4, were significantly higher in Maori compared to European (p&lt;0.01).	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	73-79
32102779-6	2020	In VTA GABA neurons, nicotine impaired KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion, depolarized the GABAA reversal potential, and shifted the pharmacological effect of diazepam on GABA neurons from inhibition toward excitation.	Nicotine	21-29	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
16005216-0	2005	The characterization of a novel rigid nicotine analog with alpha7-selective nAChR agonist activity and modulation of agonist properties by boron inclusion.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
16005216-5	2005	Similar N-conjugation of S(-)nicotine with cyanoborane decreased efficacy for alpha3beta4 and alpha4beta2 receptors, as well as for alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
16204770-8	2005	Constitutive endothelial eNOS and neuronal nNOS inhibitors substantially enhanced the nicotine-elicited ACTH and corticosterone response and inducible iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine, did not affect these responses in non-stressed rats.	Nicotine	86-94	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
21108885-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) plays an important role in oxidation of nicotine and in activation of tobacco-related carcinogens.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
32102779-7	2020	In parallel, nicotine-related alterations in GABA signaling observed ex vivo were associated with enhanced diazepam-induced inhibition of lateral VTA DA neurons in vivo Targeting KCC2 with the agonist CLP290 normalized diazepam-induced effects on VTA GABA transmission and reduced diazepam consumption following nicotine administration to the control level.	Nicotine	13-21	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
16141602-3	2005	A major pathway of nicotine metabolism is C-oxidation to cotinine, which is catalyzed by CYP2A6 in human livers.	Nicotine	19-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	89-95
32102779-7	2020	In parallel, nicotine-related alterations in GABA signaling observed ex vivo were associated with enhanced diazepam-induced inhibition of lateral VTA DA neurons in vivo Targeting KCC2 with the agonist CLP290 normalized diazepam-induced effects on VTA GABA transmission and reduced diazepam consumption following nicotine administration to the control level.	Nicotine	312-320	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
15853972-9	2005	The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC inhibited the nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	62-70	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	44-47
32210724-7	2020	The levels of autophagy-related proteins including LC3 II, P62, Beclin1, and Atg5 were upregulated in the reperfused hearts isolated from nicotine-treated group.	Nicotine	138-146	autophagy related 5	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
15795089-0	2005	Limited modulation of the transport activity of the human multidrug resistance proteins MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 by nicotine glucuronide metabolites.	Nicotine	111-119	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
15790597-0	2005	Ethnic- and gender-specific association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	114-122	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
31930655-1	2020	Recent studies have showed that alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha5-nAChR) is closely associated with nicotine-related lung cancer.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	80-85
15790597-8	2005	In summary, our findings provide convincing evidence for the involvement of the nAChR alpha4 subunit, but not of the nAChR beta2 subunit, in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	141-149	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-92
15785859-0	2005	Expression levels of Rab2, a G protein, and Bag-1, a Bcl-2 binding protein are controlled by withdrawal of nicotine from cultured pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.	Nicotine	107-115	RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
31930655-2	2020	Our previous studies also demonstrated that alpha5-nAChR mediates nicotine-induced lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	51-56
15785859-1	2005	We previously reported that nicotine withdrawal up-regulates transcription of some immediately early genes (IEGs), c-fos (Ichino et al., 1999) and egr1, nur77 (Ichino et al., 2002) in cultures of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, which are of neuronal lineage.	Nicotine	28-36	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
15785859-5	2005	The protein level of Rab2 was low in the presence of nicotine, but was rapidly increased after nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	53-61	RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
32038246-7	2019	The occurrence of disarray of DCX+ cells increased in both male and female nicotine offspring.	Nicotine	75-83	doublecortin	Mus musculus	30-33
15785859-5	2005	The protein level of Rab2 was low in the presence of nicotine, but was rapidly increased after nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	95-103	RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
32038246-8	2019	The density of microglial marker protein Iba1 was significantly increased in the nicotine offspring.	Nicotine	81-89	induction of brown adipocytes 1	Mus musculus	41-45
15734728-1	2005	Nicotine is of importance as the addictive chemical in tobacco, pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, a potential medication for several diseases, and a useful probe drug for phenotyping cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6).	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	209-215
15734728-6	2005	Enzymes involved in nicotine metabolism including cytochrome P450 enzymes, aldehyde oxidase, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, amine N-methyltransferase, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases are represented, as well as factors affecting metabolism, such as genetic variations in metabolic enzymes, effects of diet, age, gender, pregnancy, liver and kidney diseases, and racial and ethnic differences.	Nicotine	20-28	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	93-126
32038246-9	2019	Furthermore, the expression of microglia marker Iba1, the CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and downstream molecules PKA and p-ErK were significantly increased in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	149-157	induction of brown adipocytes 1	Mus musculus	48-52
15734728-8	2005	Due to the significance of the CYP2A6 enzyme in nicotine clearance, special emphasis is given to the effects and population distributions of CYP2A6 alleles and the regulation of CYP2A6 enzyme.	Nicotine	48-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-37
31394140-1	2020	The present study aimed to assess the behavioral effects of chronic treatments of different doses of nicotine by using both quantitative and multivariate T-pattern analysis (TPA), which can reveal hidden behavioral structures, in Sprague-Dawley rats tested in the hole-board apparatus.	Nicotine	101-109	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
15749260-0	2005	Effect of nicotine on Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression of mouse embryonic stem cells.	Nicotine	10-18	zinc finger protein 42	Mus musculus	32-37
15749260-1	2005	To examine the influence that nicotine exposure has on early embryo development, the present study has applied real-time RT-PCR to investigate changes in Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells exposed to nicotine alone or in the presence of tubocurarine.	Nicotine	30-38	zinc finger protein 42	Mus musculus	164-169
15749260-4	2005	Results indicated that nicotine (10-1000 nM) enhanced Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression without altering beta-actin expression.	Nicotine	23-31	zinc finger protein 42	Mus musculus	64-69
15749260-6	2005	We conclude that nicotine may influence Oct-4 and Rex-1 expression in ES cells through a mechanism involving the nAChRs.	Nicotine	17-25	zinc finger protein 42	Mus musculus	50-55
31394140-5	2020	TPA revealed an increase in the number and the mean length of different T-patterns induced by the three doses of nicotine.	Nicotine	113-121	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
30815984-10	2020	NMR and C2/N2 were strongly correlated to nicotine clearance (rho = 0.70 and rho = 0.79, respectively; P < 0.001), and to one another (rho = 0.82; P < 0.001); however reduced function genotypes occurred in slow NMR but throughout C2/N2.	Nicotine	42-50	complement C2	Homo sapiens	8-13
32757664-0	2020	Amelioration of Nicotine-Induced Osteoarthritis by Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Through Modulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 Signaling Axis.	Nicotine	16-24	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	110-115
32757664-11	2020	Taken together, the PDB exerts regenerative and reparative activities in nicotine-mediated initiation and progression of OA, through modulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 signaling axis.	Nicotine	73-81	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	154-159
32468493-2	2020	After inhalation and absorption, nicotine binds to various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes localized on the pre- and postsynaptic membranes of cells, which subsequently leads to the modulation of cellular function and neurotransmitter signaling.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	59-91
32468493-2	2020	After inhalation and absorption, nicotine binds to various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes localized on the pre- and postsynaptic membranes of cells, which subsequently leads to the modulation of cellular function and neurotransmitter signaling.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	93-98
32468493-3	2020	In this chapter, we begin by briefly reviewing the current understanding of nicotine"s actions on nAChRs and highlight considerations regarding nAChR subtype localization and pharmacodynamics.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	98-103
31835083-10	2020	This study suggests that nicotine increases alpha7-nAChR-mediated cholinergic activity in KCs resulting in decrease of ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis through inhibiting NF-kappaB signaling.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	44-56
31956373-0	2020	Nicotine Upregulates the Level of Mcl-1 through STAT3 in H1299 Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	34-39
31956373-1	2020	Background: Nicotine contributes to development of human lung cancer and chemoresistance through activation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1).	Nicotine	12-20	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	111-134
31956373-1	2020	Background: Nicotine contributes to development of human lung cancer and chemoresistance through activation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1).	Nicotine	12-20	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	136-141
31956373-3	2020	Therefore, we examined the STAT3 cascade in nicotine regulation of Mcl-1 transcription in human lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	44-52	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	67-72
31956373-4	2020	Methods: The effects of nicotine on the expression of STAT3 and Mcl-1 were determined using western blot.	Nicotine	24-32	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	64-69
31956373-7	2020	Results: STAT3 was constitutively activated (i.e., tyrosine-phosphorylated, serine-phosphorylated and nuclear translocation), meanwhile the expression and transcriptional activity of Mcl-1 were up-regulated in lung cancer cells following treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	253-261	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	183-188
31956373-9	2020	Deleted mutagenesis of a putative STAT3 consensus binding sequence decreased Mcl-1 promoter activity and eliminated the increase of Mcl-1 promoter activity induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	167-175	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	132-137
31956373-12	2020	Conclusions: We have demonstrated that nicotine induces up-regulation of Mcl-1 through STAT3, which process may be independent on JAKs and not only dependent on the phosphorylation of Y705.	Nicotine	39-47	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	73-78
31771811-8	2020	Varenicline enhanced nicotine-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages through decreased expression of cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 and thereby progressed atherosclerotic plaque formation.	Nicotine	21-29	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Mus musculus	140-145
31905892-1	2019	Cigarette smoking is influenced by nicotine"s effects on dopaminergic activity, which appear to be moderated by genetic variation, particularly a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR, 48 bp) polymorphism in the third exon of the dopamine receptor gene (DRD4).	Nicotine	35-43	dopamine receptor D4	Homo sapiens	252-256
31835256-5	2019	Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD significantly abolished the nicotine-induced colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production and cell permeability in podocytes.	Nicotine	72-80	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	143-151
31835256-10	2019	Furthermore, prior treatment with ROS scavenger, NAC significantly attenuated the nicotine-induced caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production, podocin and nephrin reduction in podocytes.	Nicotine	82-90	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	49-52
31835256-10	2019	Furthermore, prior treatment with ROS scavenger, NAC significantly attenuated the nicotine-induced caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production, podocin and nephrin reduction in podocytes.	Nicotine	82-90	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	119-127
31744841-6	2019	This, coupled with expression data demonstrating co-expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) in mVTA neurons, suggests that nicotine is able to stimulate GABA co-release from mVTA vGluT2+ neurons.	Nicotine	177-185	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6	Mus musculus	66-99
31744841-6	2019	This, coupled with expression data demonstrating co-expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) in mVTA neurons, suggests that nicotine is able to stimulate GABA co-release from mVTA vGluT2+ neurons.	Nicotine	177-185	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6	Mus musculus	101-107
31744841-6	2019	This, coupled with expression data demonstrating co-expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) in mVTA neurons, suggests that nicotine is able to stimulate GABA co-release from mVTA vGluT2+ neurons.	Nicotine	177-185	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6	Mus musculus	233-239
31554697-9	2019	UGT2B10 and UGT2B7 activities were probed using nicotine and 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine, respectively, and significant decreases in glucuronidation activity were observed for both substrates in HuH-7 and Hep3B cells upon overexpression of miR-485-5p mimic.	Nicotine	48-56	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	0-7
31505240-6	2019	The levels of PFDN5 mRNA and protein were increased 2-24 h and 4-24 h, respectively, after intraperitoneal application of nicotine (3 mg/kg, i.p.	Nicotine	122-130	prefoldin 5	Mus musculus	14-19
31049922-8	2019	Nicotine administration significantly improved liver MDA and NO levels, CHV and hepatocyte diameters, and liver enzymes, and it decreased tissue FRAP levels compared to the normal control group (p&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	145-149
31582019-0	2019	Nicotine-induced oxidative stress alters sciatic nerve barriers in rat through modulation of ZO-1 &amp; VEGF expression.	Nicotine	0-8	tight junction protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
31582019-0	2019	Nicotine-induced oxidative stress alters sciatic nerve barriers in rat through modulation of ZO-1 &amp; VEGF expression.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
31582019-12	2019	A dose-dependent nicotine-induced oxidative stress on the sciatic nerve occurred via disruption of nerve barriers, altered VEGF and ZO-1 levels.	Nicotine	17-25	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
31582019-12	2019	A dose-dependent nicotine-induced oxidative stress on the sciatic nerve occurred via disruption of nerve barriers, altered VEGF and ZO-1 levels.	Nicotine	17-25	tight junction protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
31298524-6	2019	Both nicotine-induced upregulation and changes in nAChR stoichiometry differ across brain regions.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	50-55
31447654-4	2019	For understanding potential short-term and long-term effects of gestational nicotine exposure, it is important to know the temporal and spatial expression of alpha7 nAChRs throughout the body.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	158-164
30218618-0	2019	Chronic nicotine administration restores brain region specific upregulation of oxytocin receptor binding levels in a G72 mouse model of schizophrenia.	Nicotine	8-16	oxytocin receptor	Mus musculus	79-96
30218618-4	2019	Therefore, we sought to investigate the effects of chronic nicotine administration on oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of schizophrenia that carries a bacterial artificial chromosome of the human G72/G30 locus (G72Tg).	Nicotine	59-67	oxytocin receptor	Mus musculus	86-103
30218618-8	2019	Interestingly, chronic nicotine administration induced an increase in OTR binding in the CeA of solely WT mice.	Nicotine	23-31	oxytocin receptor	Mus musculus	70-73
31145916-3	2019	The beta3 subunit of the nAChR has been understudied in nicotine dependence, even though it is expressed in brain regions important for drug reward.	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	25-30
31792475-12	2019	The relative expression levels of Wnt pathway proteins including beta-catenin, c-Myc, p-GSK3beta and Ror2 were significantly higher in nicotine group than those in the blank control group and alpha7nAChR inhibition group (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	135-143	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-77
31792475-12	2019	The relative expression levels of Wnt pathway proteins including beta-catenin, c-Myc, p-GSK3beta and Ror2 were significantly higher in nicotine group than those in the blank control group and alpha7nAChR inhibition group (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	135-143	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	79-84
31311925-5	2019	For example, we identify CHRNA9 with 12 PPIs (e.g., ERBB2) can be a therapeutic target and find its anti-metastasis agent, bupropion, for treatment in nicotine-induced breast cancer.	Nicotine	151-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 9 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-31
31209145-9	2019	Pretreatment with nicotine reversed LPS-induced high levels of placental inflammatory cytokines, low levels of placental VEGF and placental pathological damage, then rescued the number and weights of live fetuses.	Nicotine	18-26	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
12452531-4	2002	In this research, the effect of smoking and nicotine addiction on the DA D1 and D2 receptors in the rat CPu, NAc and OTu were studied.	Nicotine	44-52	defender against cell death 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
12452531-8	2002	The nicotine treated group showed increased expression of DA D1 and D2 receptor mRNA too, but statistically less than in the smoking group.	Nicotine	4-12	defender against cell death 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
12452531-9	2002	In the smoking group, DA D1 and D2 receptor mRNA levels were significantly higher in the CPu and NAc than in the nicotine group (P&lt;.01).	Nicotine	113-121	defender against cell death 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
30610889-7	2019	Using immunolabelling and a biochemical approach, we found that nicotine stimulation triggered the phosphorylation of Anx A2 on Tyr23.	Nicotine	64-72	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	118-124
12362322-1	2002	Cytochrome P450 2A6(CYP2A6) is known as a major enzyme responsible for C-oxidation of nicotine and 7-hydroxylation of coumarin.	Nicotine	86-94	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
12362322-1	2002	Cytochrome P450 2A6(CYP2A6) is known as a major enzyme responsible for C-oxidation of nicotine and 7-hydroxylation of coumarin.	Nicotine	86-94	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
31005665-0	2019	Nicotine inhibits rapamycin-induced pain through activating mTORC1/S6K/IRS-1-related feedback inhibition loop.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
31005665-10	2019	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced hyperalgesia in mice that received acute or repeated rapamycin injections, and reversed the effects of rapamycin on the phosphorylation of S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser636/639, AKT at Ser473, and ERK at Thr202/Tyr204.	Nicotine	24-32	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Mus musculus	199-205
31005665-10	2019	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced hyperalgesia in mice that received acute or repeated rapamycin injections, and reversed the effects of rapamycin on the phosphorylation of S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser636/639, AKT at Ser473, and ERK at Thr202/Tyr204.	Nicotine	24-32	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	207-235
12223434-1	2002	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the principal enzyme involved in the metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines to their ultimate carcinogenic forms and metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	178-186	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
31005665-10	2019	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced hyperalgesia in mice that received acute or repeated rapamycin injections, and reversed the effects of rapamycin on the phosphorylation of S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser636/639, AKT at Ser473, and ERK at Thr202/Tyr204.	Nicotine	24-32	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	237-242
30826460-8	2019	Levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2, alpha6 and alpha7 subunit, Pitx3, and tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (TH1) mRNAs were increased in the brain of nicotine- and cocaine-sensitized zebrafish.	Nicotine	154-162	paired-like homeodomain 3	Danio rerio	50-82
12165397-0	2002	Alcohol and nicotine administration inhibits serotonin synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in dorsal and median raphe of young rats.	Nicotine	12-20	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-91
12165397-3	2002	The numbers of the 5-HT-positive and TPH-positive cells were reduced by alcohol and nicotine treatment in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	84-92	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
30826460-9	2019	Nicotine-CPP performed with drug-sensitized zebrafish provoked further enhancements in the expression of alpha6 and alpha7 subunit, Pitx3, and TH1 mRNAs suggesting that the expression of these molecules in the reward pathway is involved in both processes.	Nicotine	0-8	paired-like homeodomain 3	Danio rerio	105-137
12165397-4	2002	Based on the results, it can be suggested that the pathogenesis of alcohol- and nicotine-induced neuropsychological disorders involves alcohol- and nicotine-induced suppression of 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in raphe, and that this may be of particular relevance in the consumption of alcohol and nicotine during adolescence.	Nicotine	80-88	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
12165397-4	2002	Based on the results, it can be suggested that the pathogenesis of alcohol- and nicotine-induced neuropsychological disorders involves alcohol- and nicotine-induced suppression of 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in raphe, and that this may be of particular relevance in the consumption of alcohol and nicotine during adolescence.	Nicotine	148-156	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
31214115-9	2019	Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA mutations and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) were increased in mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine).	Nicotine	129-137	PTEN induced putative kinase 1	Mus musculus	45-66
12165397-4	2002	Based on the results, it can be suggested that the pathogenesis of alcohol- and nicotine-induced neuropsychological disorders involves alcohol- and nicotine-induced suppression of 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in raphe, and that this may be of particular relevance in the consumption of alcohol and nicotine during adolescence.	Nicotine	148-156	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
12190326-0	2002	Conformationally constrained nicotines: polycyclic, bridged, and spiro-annulated analogues as novel ligands for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	29-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	116-148
31214115-9	2019	Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA mutations and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) were increased in mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine).	Nicotine	129-137	PTEN induced putative kinase 1	Mus musculus	68-73
15528319-0	2005	Metabolism of nicotine and cotinine by human cytochrome P450 2A13.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	45-65
30856513-8	2019	In addition, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR showed that VSMCs exposed to nicotine underwent changes in the expression of differentiation markers (alpha-SMA, SM22alpha and osteopontin), confirming the role of nicotine in VSMC differentiation.	Nicotine	90-98	transgelin	Mus musculus	174-183
15528319-3	2005	Recently, we have demonstrated that heterologously expressed human CYP2A13 is highly active in the metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a nicotine-derived carcinogen.	Nicotine	169-177	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	67-74
15528319-4	2005	In the present study, CYP2A13-catalyzed NNK metabolism was found to be inhibited competitively by nicotine and N"-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), suggesting that both nicotine and NNN are also substrates of CYP2A13.	Nicotine	98-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	22-29
12065705-11	2002	These findings revealed that nicotine improved spontaneous alternation behavior in SHRSP via the activation of alpha4beta2, but not alpha7, nAChR.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
15528319-4	2005	In the present study, CYP2A13-catalyzed NNK metabolism was found to be inhibited competitively by nicotine and N"-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), suggesting that both nicotine and NNN are also substrates of CYP2A13.	Nicotine	98-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	201-208
31118684-12	2019	Conclusion: The results indicate that nicotine promotes cervical lymph node metastasis through regulating Ets1/Prx1/EMT signaling during OSCC pathogenesis; consequently, Prx1 may represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.	Nicotine	38-46	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	111-115
15528319-4	2005	In the present study, CYP2A13-catalyzed NNK metabolism was found to be inhibited competitively by nicotine and N"-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), suggesting that both nicotine and NNN are also substrates of CYP2A13.	Nicotine	124-132	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	22-29
15528319-4	2005	In the present study, CYP2A13-catalyzed NNK metabolism was found to be inhibited competitively by nicotine and N"-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), suggesting that both nicotine and NNN are also substrates of CYP2A13.	Nicotine	124-132	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	201-208
31118684-12	2019	Conclusion: The results indicate that nicotine promotes cervical lymph node metastasis through regulating Ets1/Prx1/EMT signaling during OSCC pathogenesis; consequently, Prx1 may represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.	Nicotine	38-46	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	170-174
15528319-5	2005	We have further demonstrated that human CYP2A13 is indeed an efficient enzyme in catalyzing C-oxidation of nicotine to form cotinine, with the apparent K(m) and V(max) values of 20.2 microM and 8.7 pmol/min/pmol, respectively.	Nicotine	107-115	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	40-47
15528319-7	2005	The importance of CYP2A13-catalyzed nicotine and cotinine metabolism in vivo remains to be determined.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	18-25
12105112-0	2002	Nicotine reduces the secretion of Alzheimer"s beta-amyloid precursor protein containing beta-amyloid peptide in the rat without altering synaptic proteins.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	46-76
12105112-6	2002	Reports of an inverse relation between nicotine intake, due to cigarette smoking, and the incidence of AD prompted us to investigate the effects of nicotine on beta APP processing and synaptic proteins in rats and in cell culture.	Nicotine	148-156	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	160-168
30836163-12	2019	Furthermore, phosphorylation of 4EBP1 induced by nicotine has been shown to cause dissociation of 4EBP1/eIF4E and eIF4E may serve as a promising determinant of nicotine activity in vitro.	Nicotine	160-168	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
12105112-14	2002	Taken together, these results suggest that nicotine modifies beta APP processing away from the formation of potentially amyloidogenic products, without altering the levels of synaptic proteins, and that this can potentially offer therapeutic potential for Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	43-51	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	61-69
30876690-7	2019	Plin2 encodes adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet-associated protein, which was confirmed to be increased by nicotine and cotinine in WT mice but not in KO mice.	Nicotine	137-145	predicted gene 12551	Mus musculus	0-5
15658857-0	2005	Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of inhibitors of the nicotine metabolizing CYP2A6 enzyme.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	97-103
15658857-1	2005	The purpose of this study was to develop screening and in silico modeling methods to obtain accurate information on the active center of CYP2A6, a nicotine oxidizing enzyme.	Nicotine	147-155	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	137-143
15658857-6	2005	Potent and specific inhibitors of the CYP2A6 enzyme can be used in the future to increase nicotine bioavailability and thus make oral nicotine administration feasible in smoking cessation therapy.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
15658857-6	2005	Potent and specific inhibitors of the CYP2A6 enzyme can be used in the future to increase nicotine bioavailability and thus make oral nicotine administration feasible in smoking cessation therapy.	Nicotine	134-142	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
12135534-0	2002	Stimulant-like action of nicotine on striatal dopamine transporter in the brain of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.	Nicotine	25-33	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	46-66
12135534-2	2002	Because stimulants have been shown to reduce primarily elevated DAT density in adults with ADHD, it can be suggested that nicotine acts in a similar way on striatal DAT as do stimulants.	Nicotine	122-130	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	64-67
12135534-2	2002	Because stimulants have been shown to reduce primarily elevated DAT density in adults with ADHD, it can be suggested that nicotine acts in a similar way on striatal DAT as do stimulants.	Nicotine	122-130	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	165-168
12023521-8	2002	Intracellular calcium was increased in isolated hepatocytes by nicotine, a phenomenon prevented by incubation of cells with d-tubocurarine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	142-174
30876690-7	2019	Plin2 encodes adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet-associated protein, which was confirmed to be increased by nicotine and cotinine in WT mice but not in KO mice.	Nicotine	137-145	perilipin 1	Mus musculus	64-96
12023541-11	2002	Linear Schild regression and slope not different from unity suggested that NONI competitively interacts with a single nAChR subtype to inhibit S(-)-nicotine-evoked [(3)H]DA release (K(i) value = 80.2 nM).	Nicotine	144-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
12021403-0	2002	First and second transmembrane segments of alpha3, alpha4, beta2, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits influence the efficacy and potency of nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-57
12021403-1	2002	The first three transmembrane segments (M1-M3) of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been implicated in determining the efficacy of nicotine by studies of alpha3/alpha4 subunit chimeras.	Nicotine	151-159	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	174-187
11979430-10	2002	Together, our results demonstrate that nicotine suppresses the growth inhibitory effects of trans-RA by inhibiting RAR beta expression through its induction of TR3 expression and suggest that RXR-selective retinoids may be more effective than classical retinoids for preventing and treating tobacco-associated cancers.	Nicotine	39-47	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	192-195
15634016-0	2005	5-substituted, 6-substituted, and unsubstituted 3-heteroaromatic pyridine analogues of nicotine as selective inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 2A6.	Nicotine	87-95	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	123-143
15634016-1	2005	A series of 5- and 6-substituted and unsubstituted 3-heteroaromatic analogues of nicotine were synthesized in an effort to delineate the structural requirements for selectively inhibiting human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2A6, the major nicotine metabolizing enzyme.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	194-220
15634016-1	2005	A series of 5- and 6-substituted and unsubstituted 3-heteroaromatic analogues of nicotine were synthesized in an effort to delineate the structural requirements for selectively inhibiting human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2A6, the major nicotine metabolizing enzyme.	Nicotine	232-240	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	194-220
15634016-5	2005	We identified 36 compounds that were more potent than nicotine at inhibition of coumarin 7-hydroxylase (CYP2A6) activity.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	80-102
15634016-5	2005	We identified 36 compounds that were more potent than nicotine at inhibition of coumarin 7-hydroxylase (CYP2A6) activity.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	104-110
12269402-3	2002	Additionally, repeated administrations of nicotine transiently induced the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels after the first-third nicotine administration, and the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were returned to the basal level after the seventh administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	42-50	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
31206155-2	2019	METHODS: The study"s primary objective was to examine the association of the Asn40Asp OPRM1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with naltrexone"s effects on smoking quit rate, weight gain, and heavy drinking behavior during a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 280 adult DSM-IV nicotine-dependent participants.	Nicotine	287-295	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
12269402-3	2002	Additionally, repeated administrations of nicotine transiently induced the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels after the first-third nicotine administration, and the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were returned to the basal level after the seventh administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	42-50	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	158-163
12269402-3	2002	Additionally, repeated administrations of nicotine transiently induced the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels after the first-third nicotine administration, and the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were returned to the basal level after the seventh administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	125-133	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
12269402-3	2002	Additionally, repeated administrations of nicotine transiently induced the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels after the first-third nicotine administration, and the c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were returned to the basal level after the seventh administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	125-133	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
12269402-6	2002	Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the increase of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins by repeated nicotine administrations is mostly medulla specific, while Fra-2 immuno reactivity was shown both in medulla and cortex.	Nicotine	94-102	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
12269402-9	2002	These results suggest that proENK mRNA expression induced by repeated nicotine administrations may be mediated by AP-1 proteins, such as c-Fos, c-Jun and Fra-2 rather than CREB via interacting to the ENKCRE-2 DNA binding domain in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	70-78	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
12126044-4	2002	The binding data revealed that the affinity of 5IA was the same as that of A-85380 and more than seven fold higher than that of (-)-nicotine, and that 5IA bound selectively to the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	128-140	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	192-197
15316087-2	2005	Previously, it was suggested that one of the nAChR subtypes located on striatal dopaminergic terminals may be an alpha3beta2 subtype, based on partial inhibition of nicotine-stimulated [(3)H]dopamine release by alpha-conotoxin MII, a potent inhibitor of heterologously expressed alpha3beta2 nAChRs.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
15292905-0	2005	Nicotine-associated cues maintain nicotine-seeking behavior in rats several weeks after nicotine withdrawal: reversal by the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716).	Nicotine	0-8	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
15652996-4	2005	However, to date, comprehensive studies of nicotine"s effects on the expression of specific acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtypes, key cholinergic proteins (that are regulated by NGF) such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) are lacking.	Nicotine	43-51	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	192-217
12126044-7	2002	Administration of the nAChR agonists (-)-cytisine and (-)-nicotine reduced the uptake of [125I]5IA in all regions studied with most pronounced reduction in the thalamus, and resulted in similar levels of radioactivity throughout the brain.	Nicotine	54-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
30354182-5	2019	Picospritzing nicotine both induced a direct inward current and increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in NTS-CA neurons, effects blocked by nonselective nAChR antagonists TMPH and MLA.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	196-201
15652996-4	2005	However, to date, comprehensive studies of nicotine"s effects on the expression of specific acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtypes, key cholinergic proteins (that are regulated by NGF) such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) are lacking.	Nicotine	43-51	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	219-223
15652996-4	2005	However, to date, comprehensive studies of nicotine"s effects on the expression of specific acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtypes, key cholinergic proteins (that are regulated by NGF) such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) are lacking.	Nicotine	43-51	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	233-258
15652996-4	2005	However, to date, comprehensive studies of nicotine"s effects on the expression of specific acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtypes, key cholinergic proteins (that are regulated by NGF) such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) are lacking.	Nicotine	43-51	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	260-265
12024803-0	2002	Effects of whole deletion of CYP2A6 on nicotine metabolism in humans.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
12024803-1	2002	We investigated the effects of CYP2A6 genotypes on nicotine metabolism, focused from nicotine to cotinine and its additional 3"-hydroxylating resulted in trans-3"-hydroxycotinine formation.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-37
30358437-5	2019	Acute nicotine inhalation caused increased pulmonary edema and lung injury as measured by enhanced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, IgM, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and decreased lung E-cadherin protein.	Nicotine	6-14	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	237-247
30358437-7	2019	Lung myeloperoxidase mRNA and protein increased in the nicotine-exposed rats.	Nicotine	55-63	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	5-20
15494156-6	2004	Though no changes in total protein expression were observed, nicotine treatment was associated with altered cellular distribution of ZO-1 and diminished junctional immunoreactivity of claudin-3.	Nicotine	61-69	claudin 3	Homo sapiens	184-193
30358437-10	2019	Lungs of nicotine-inhaling animals revealed increased mRNA levels of IL-1A and CXCL1.	Nicotine	9-17	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
30358437-13	2019	Air-liquid cultures exposed to nicotine also resulted in a dose-dependent loss of barrier as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and a decrease in E-cadherin expression.	Nicotine	31-39	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
15537871-10	2004	We also show that the upregulation of epibatidine binding sites attributable to chronic nicotine, an effect associated with beta2-containing receptors, is probably not related to the mechanisms underlying withdrawal.	Nicotine	88-96	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	124-129
11821023-1	2002	Two 5-substituted derivatives of nicotine (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: K(i)=2.4 nM) were synthesized and evaluated: 5-bromonicotine (K(i)=6.9 nM) and 5-methoxynicotine (K(i)=14.3 nM).	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	43-75
30391635-9	2019	Impaired neurogenesis, as shown by reduction in the expression of the endogenous cell proliferation marker Ki67 and the early neuron marker doublecortin, was also associated with nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	179-187	doublecortin	Mus musculus	140-152
30606956-0	2019	Sesame Extract Attenuates the Degradation of Collagen and Elastin Fibers in the Vascular Walls of Nicotine-administered Mice.	Nicotine	98-106	elastin	Mus musculus	58-65
11979067-4	2002	Acutely administered nicotine failed to alter auditory P300, but increased the amplitudes of visual P300s in both DAT patient groups.	Nicotine	21-29	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	114-117
11862357-1	2002	RATIONALE: Nicotine and agonists at subtypes of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) affect auditory gating, but the magnitude and direction of such effects appear highly variable.	Nicotine	11-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-83
11862357-1	2002	RATIONALE: Nicotine and agonists at subtypes of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) affect auditory gating, but the magnitude and direction of such effects appear highly variable.	Nicotine	11-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
15256539-13	2004	The data suggest that, compared with other subunits of the NMDA receptor, the NR2B subunit might play a different role in the reinforcing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
11862357-7	2002	The effects of epibatidine, A-85380 and, to a lesser extent, nicotine were blocked by the non-selective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
30606956-8	2019	Sesame extract attenuated the degradation of collagen and elastin fibers caused by nicotine.	Nicotine	83-91	elastin	Mus musculus	58-65
30606956-10	2019	These results suggest that sesame extract may decrease the weakening of vascular walls by suppressing the nicotine-induced degradation of collagen and elastin fibers.	Nicotine	106-114	elastin	Mus musculus	151-158
30439418-2	2019	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) by synthetic or endogenous agonists was shown to suppress nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine system, one of the major neurobiological substrates of nicotine dependence, and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats and monkeys.	Nicotine	133-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	14-62
15527659-5	2004	DNA was genotyped to confirm zygosity and for variation in the primary gene involved in nicotine metabolism, CYP2A6.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	109-115
11760011-2	2001	Other treatments that induce c-fos expression in the fetal SCN include caffeine and nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
30439418-2	2019	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) by synthetic or endogenous agonists was shown to suppress nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine system, one of the major neurobiological substrates of nicotine dependence, and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats and monkeys.	Nicotine	133-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
30439418-2	2019	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) by synthetic or endogenous agonists was shown to suppress nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine system, one of the major neurobiological substrates of nicotine dependence, and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats and monkeys.	Nicotine	239-247	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	14-62
30439418-2	2019	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) by synthetic or endogenous agonists was shown to suppress nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine system, one of the major neurobiological substrates of nicotine dependence, and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats and monkeys.	Nicotine	239-247	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
30439418-2	2019	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) by synthetic or endogenous agonists was shown to suppress nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine system, one of the major neurobiological substrates of nicotine dependence, and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats and monkeys.	Nicotine	239-247	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	14-62
11684323-1	2001	CYP2A6 (cytochrome P450 2A6), which was first identified as the human coumarin 7-hydroxylase, is the most important enzyme in nicotine C-oxidation.	Nicotine	126-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
30439418-2	2019	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) by synthetic or endogenous agonists was shown to suppress nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine system, one of the major neurobiological substrates of nicotine dependence, and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats and monkeys.	Nicotine	239-247	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
11684323-1	2001	CYP2A6 (cytochrome P450 2A6), which was first identified as the human coumarin 7-hydroxylase, is the most important enzyme in nicotine C-oxidation.	Nicotine	126-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	8-27
11684323-1	2001	CYP2A6 (cytochrome P450 2A6), which was first identified as the human coumarin 7-hydroxylase, is the most important enzyme in nicotine C-oxidation.	Nicotine	126-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	70-92
15486497-0	2004	Rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist, blocks nicotine-conditioned place preferences.	Nicotine	37-45	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
30497382-8	2018	The nicotine treatment decreased BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex but had no effect on striatal BDNF.	Nicotine	4-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	33-37
15213364-16	2004	Inhibition of its generation by eNOS and nNOS significantly enhances the nicotine-induced HPA response.	Nicotine	73-81	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
11474350-0	2001	Osteogenic protein-1 overcomes the inhibitory effect of nicotine on posterolateral lumbar fusion.	Nicotine	56-64	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	0-20
11474350-1	2001	STUDY DESIGN: An established rabbit posterolateral lumbar fusion model was used to evaluate the ability of osteogenic protein-1 to overcome the inhibitory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	107-127
11474350-6	2001	The effectiveness with which osteogenic protein-1 induces fusion in the presence of nicotine has not been studied previously.	Nicotine	84-92	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	29-49
11474350-12	2001	By manual palpation, two of the eight nicotine-exposed autograft rabbits (25%) and all of the nicotine-exposed osteogenic protein-1 rabbits (100%) were found to be fused.	Nicotine	94-102	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	111-131
11474350-14	2001	Histologically, the fusion zones of the nicotine-exposed autograft rabbits were distinctly less mature than the fusion masses of the nicotine-exposed osteogenic protein-1 rabbits.	Nicotine	133-141	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	150-170
29993116-2	2018	Polymorphisms in CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 receptors play a critical role in nicotine dependence, lung cancer (LC) risk, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-43
15247629-0	2004	Polymorphic NF-Y dependent regulation of human nicotine C-oxidase (CYP2A6).	Nicotine	47-55	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	67-73
30213668-9	2018	Nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) significantly improved initial reward learning in alpha7 WT and HT mice but did not improve learning in KO mice, suggesting an involvement of the alpha7 nAChR in the pro-learning effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	167-179
15247629-1	2004	OBJECTIVES: In humans, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) constitutes the principal nicotine C-oxidase.	Nicotine	78-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	23-42
15247629-1	2004	OBJECTIVES: In humans, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) constitutes the principal nicotine C-oxidase.	Nicotine	78-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	44-50
15158017-0	2004	Cholecystokinin and prostaglandins inhibit responses of vagal afferent activity to systemic administration of nicotine in anesthetized rats.	Nicotine	110-118	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
15158017-2	2004	Since gastric vagal afferents convey satiation signals to the hypothalamus in response to cholecystokinin, we investigated the possibility that nicotine increases afferent activity of the gastric vagal nerves by stimulating release of cholecystokinin.	Nicotine	144-152	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	235-250
15158017-9	2004	These results suggest that nicotine can exert its anorexic effect via an increase in gastric vagal afferent activity which is caused by enhanced release of both cholecystokinin and prostaglandins.	Nicotine	27-35	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	161-176
11435297-0	2001	Correlation between nicotine-induced inhibition of hematopoiesis and decreased CD44 expression on bone marrow stromal cells.	Nicotine	20-28	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	79-83
11435297-6	2001	Exposure to nicotine decreased CD44 surface expression on primary bone marrow-derived fibroblastlike stromal cells and MS-5 stromal cell line, but not on hematopoietic cells.	Nicotine	12-20	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	31-35
11435297-9	2001	Nicotine and cotinine treatment resulted in reduction of CD44 surface expression on lung microvascular endothelial cell line (LEISVO) and bone marrow-derived (STR-12) endothelial cell line.	Nicotine	0-8	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	57-61
11505035-7	2001	Concerns about possible ceiling effects led us to conduct another experiment to examine the effects of lower doses of nicotine on BACs.	Nicotine	118-126	solute carrier family 27 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
11505035-8	2001	Those results showed a significant decline in BACs after cotreatment with 0.5 or 1 mg/kg nicotine and less robust changes on the BAC curve profiles.	Nicotine	89-97	solute carrier family 27 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
30213668-9	2018	Nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) significantly improved initial reward learning in alpha7 WT and HT mice but did not improve learning in KO mice, suggesting an involvement of the alpha7 nAChR in the pro-learning effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	211-219	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	167-179
14970833-7	2004	Adolescent nicotine exposure evoked robust nAChR upregulation and also suppressed cholinergic activity.	Nicotine	11-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
30091833-6	2018	Mechanistically, human antigen R (HuR) bound with the adenylateuridylate-rich elements of the GTPCH1 3" untranslated region and increased its stability; nicotine inhibited HuR translocation from the nucleus to cytosol, which downregulated GTPCH1.	Nicotine	153-161	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
14982698-6	2004	Although responses in alpha7 mice did not differ among genotypes, beta2 gene deletion was found to have a gene-dependent effect on nicotine"s effects.	Nicotine	131-139	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	66-71
30091833-6	2018	Mechanistically, human antigen R (HuR) bound with the adenylateuridylate-rich elements of the GTPCH1 3" untranslated region and increased its stability; nicotine inhibited HuR translocation from the nucleus to cytosol, which downregulated GTPCH1.	Nicotine	153-161	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
14982698-7	2004	beta2-/- mice were less sensitive to nicotine-induced locomotor depression and hypothermia at low nicotine doses (.25-.5 mg/kg) but were no different from beta2+/+ mice at the highest doses tested (1.0-1.5 mg/kg).	Nicotine	37-45	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
14982698-7	2004	beta2-/- mice were less sensitive to nicotine-induced locomotor depression and hypothermia at low nicotine doses (.25-.5 mg/kg) but were no different from beta2+/+ mice at the highest doses tested (1.0-1.5 mg/kg).	Nicotine	98-106	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
30429794-11	2018	Finally, MMP-inhibition significantly reduced nicotine-induced MMP activity, elastin destruction, and aortic stiffening.	Nicotine	46-54	elastin	Mus musculus	77-84
14982698-9	2004	This finding suggests receptors that include the beta2 nAChR subunit partially mediate nicotine"s effects on locomotor activity and body temperature.	Nicotine	87-95	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	49-54
15366245-6	2004	Furthermore, nicotine (1.0 microM) exerted a greater increase in the firing frequency of VTA neurons relative to SNc neurons, suggesting that the differential effects on the two populations previously reported in vivo were due to a difference in the postsynaptic nAChR response and/or local synaptic circuits.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	263-268
11394901-1	2001	Human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) constitutes the major nicotine oxidase, and large interindividual differences are seen in the levels of this enzyme, to a great extent caused by the distribution of several different polymorphic gene variants mainly located in the open reading frame (ORF).	Nicotine	57-65	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-25
11394901-1	2001	Human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) constitutes the major nicotine oxidase, and large interindividual differences are seen in the levels of this enzyme, to a great extent caused by the distribution of several different polymorphic gene variants mainly located in the open reading frame (ORF).	Nicotine	57-65	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
11522426-4	2001	Nicotine might inhibit the uptake of dopamine through the nAChR, which could serve as a preventive factor against neurodegenerative diseases.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
11275291-0	2001	Nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization is associated with extracellular dopamine release and expression of c-Fos in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the rat.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
14691189-11	2004	Nicotine also reversed VEGF-induced suppression of MMP-2 activity.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	23-27
14691189-11	2004	Nicotine also reversed VEGF-induced suppression of MMP-2 activity.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	51-56
30429794-12	2018	Conclusion: Chronic nicotine exposure induces aortic MMP expression and structural aortic damage (elastin fragmentation), irreversibly increasing aortic stiffness.	Nicotine	20-28	elastin	Mus musculus	98-105
11275291-2	2001	This study was carried out to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization using in vivo microdialysis and Fos-like immunohistochemistry (FLI).	Nicotine	75-83	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
11275291-6	2001	Furthermore, in parallel with the behavioral and biochemical data, systemic challenge with nicotine produced marked Fos-like immunohistochemistry in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum in the nicotine-pretreated rats.	Nicotine	91-99	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
30062776-9	2018	We observed that short- and long-term nicotine/cotinine exposure significantly decreased neuronal glucose utilization in ischemic conditions and the non-specific nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine reversed this effect.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	162-167
11275291-6	2001	Furthermore, in parallel with the behavioral and biochemical data, systemic challenge with nicotine produced marked Fos-like immunohistochemistry in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum in the nicotine-pretreated rats.	Nicotine	195-203	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
11275291-7	2001	Taken together, this study demonstrates that behavioral sensitization is clearly associated with an increase in DA release and activation of Fos-like immunoreactive cells in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens produced by repeated nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	234-242	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
11425648-8	2001	To conclude, our results suggest that nicotine has a direct effect on human bone cells in modulating proliferation, upregulation of the c-fos transcription factor, and the synthesis of the bone matrix protein, osteopontin.	Nicotine	38-46	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
14685824-0	2004	Association between polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene and early smoking onset: an interaction risk on nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	114-122	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	40-60
14685824-1	2004	Previous studies suggested that a polymorphism in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) is associated with nicotine dependence and age of smoking onset, but the conclusion was controversial.	Nicotine	108-116	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	54-74
14685824-1	2004	Previous studies suggested that a polymorphism in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) is associated with nicotine dependence and age of smoking onset, but the conclusion was controversial.	Nicotine	108-116	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	81-87
14685824-2	2004	To detect the association of a G--&gt;A polymorphism (NCBI dbSNP cluster ID: rs27072) in 3"-untranslated region of the SLC6A3 with nicotine dependence and early smoking onset, we recruited 253 sibships including 668 nicotine-dependent siblings from a rural district of China.	Nicotine	131-139	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	119-125
11353760-1	2001	CYP2A6 is the principle enzyme metabolizing nicotine to its inactive metabolite cotinine.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
30062776-10	2018	Nicotine/cotinine exposure also decreased neuronal GLUT1 and up-regulated alpha7 nAChR expression and decreased glycolysis.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	51-56
14685824-2	2004	To detect the association of a G--&gt;A polymorphism (NCBI dbSNP cluster ID: rs27072) in 3"-untranslated region of the SLC6A3 with nicotine dependence and early smoking onset, we recruited 253 sibships including 668 nicotine-dependent siblings from a rural district of China.	Nicotine	216-224	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	119-125
11353760-9	2001	R-(+)-Tranylcypromine, (+/-)-tranylcypromine, and S-(-)-tranylcypromine competitively inhibited CYP2A6-mediated metabolism of nicotine with apparent K(i) values of 0.05, 0.08, and 2.0 microM, respectively.	Nicotine	126-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
30062776-10	2018	Nicotine/cotinine exposure also decreased neuronal GLUT1 and up-regulated alpha7 nAChR expression and decreased glycolysis.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	74-86
11353760-10	2001	Tranylcypromine [particularly R-(+) isomer], tryptamine, and methoxsalen are specific and relatively selective for CYP2A6 and may be useful in vivo to decrease smoking by inhibiting nicotine metabolism with a low risk of metabolic drug interactions.	Nicotine	182-190	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	115-121
14685824-6	2004	Although these findings are preliminary and need validation, the results suggest that a polymorphism in the SLC6A3 may play important roles in smoking onset, and there may be an interactive effect between the SLC6A3 and early smoking onset on modulating the susceptibility of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	276-284	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	108-114
14685824-6	2004	Although these findings are preliminary and need validation, the results suggest that a polymorphism in the SLC6A3 may play important roles in smoking onset, and there may be an interactive effect between the SLC6A3 and early smoking onset on modulating the susceptibility of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	276-284	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	209-215
30170085-5	2018	Our results showed that systemic administration of nicotine during contextual fear extinction increased c-fos expression in the vHPC and BLA while not affecting dHPC, IL or PL.	Nicotine	51-59	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	104-109
14569062-0	2004	Nicotine promoted colon cancer growth via epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Src, and 5-lipoxygenase-mediated signal pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	87-101
11413241-1	2001	It has previously been shown that nicotine-evoked dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes and nicotine-evoked norepinephrine release from hippocampal synaptosomes are mediated by distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	196-228
11413241-1	2001	It has previously been shown that nicotine-evoked dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes and nicotine-evoked norepinephrine release from hippocampal synaptosomes are mediated by distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	230-235
11434509-1	2001	CYP2A6 is a major catalyst of nicotine metabolism to cotinine.	Nicotine	30-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
14981342-1	2004	The relationship between nicotine metabolism of CYP2A6 and the smoking behavior in a Japanese population was investigated.	Nicotine	25-33	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	48-54
11434509-2	2001	Previously, we demonstrated that the interindividual difference in nicotine metabolism is related to a genetic polymorphism of the CYP2A6 gene in Japanese.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	131-137
30170085-11	2018	Finally, using c-fos/GAD65/67 double immunofluorescence, we showed that nicotine mainly increased c-fos expression in non-GABAergic ventral hippocampal cells, indicating that acute nicotine increases vHPC excitability.	Nicotine	72-80	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	15-20
11434509-11	2001	It was confirmed that the interindividual difference in nicotine metabolism was closely related to the genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6.	Nicotine	56-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	127-133
15464132-0	2004	Beta2-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are critical for dopamine-dependent locomotor activation following repeated nicotine administration.	Nicotine	135-143	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
30170085-11	2018	Finally, using c-fos/GAD65/67 double immunofluorescence, we showed that nicotine mainly increased c-fos expression in non-GABAergic ventral hippocampal cells, indicating that acute nicotine increases vHPC excitability.	Nicotine	72-80	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	98-103
15464132-2	2004	It has been hypothesized that the initial effect of nicotine on the dopamine system is to activate high affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the beta2 subunit, but that these receptors rapidly desensitize and are not critical for ongoing dopaminergic activation.	Nicotine	52-60	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	171-176
30170085-11	2018	Finally, using c-fos/GAD65/67 double immunofluorescence, we showed that nicotine mainly increased c-fos expression in non-GABAergic ventral hippocampal cells, indicating that acute nicotine increases vHPC excitability.	Nicotine	181-189	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	15-20
30170085-11	2018	Finally, using c-fos/GAD65/67 double immunofluorescence, we showed that nicotine mainly increased c-fos expression in non-GABAergic ventral hippocampal cells, indicating that acute nicotine increases vHPC excitability.	Nicotine	181-189	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	98-103
15489024-11	2004	These results show that beta2-containing nAChRs, but not beta3- or beta4-containing receptors, mediate the enhancing effects of nicotine on contextual learning and confirm previous studies implicating beta2 in other forms of learning.	Nicotine	128-136	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	24-29
30260990-1	2018	Previous pre-clinical studies demonstrated a promising role of alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha) agonists in decreasing nicotine self-administration and nicotine-seeking behavior in animals.	Nicotine	153-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	119-128
14657181-1	2003	We showed recently that nicotine activates the growth-promoting enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in PC12 cells and that preincubation of these cells with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490 blocked the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) [Abeta (1-42)].	Nicotine	24-32	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-85
14657181-1	2003	We showed recently that nicotine activates the growth-promoting enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in PC12 cells and that preincubation of these cells with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490 blocked the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) [Abeta (1-42)].	Nicotine	24-32	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
14657181-1	2003	We showed recently that nicotine activates the growth-promoting enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in PC12 cells and that preincubation of these cells with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490 blocked the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) [Abeta (1-42)].	Nicotine	24-32	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
14657181-1	2003	We showed recently that nicotine activates the growth-promoting enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in PC12 cells and that preincubation of these cells with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490 blocked the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) [Abeta (1-42)].	Nicotine	197-205	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-85
14657181-1	2003	We showed recently that nicotine activates the growth-promoting enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in PC12 cells and that preincubation of these cells with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490 blocked the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) [Abeta (1-42)].	Nicotine	197-205	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
14657181-1	2003	We showed recently that nicotine activates the growth-promoting enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in PC12 cells and that preincubation of these cells with the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG-490 blocked the nicotine-induced neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) [Abeta (1-42)].	Nicotine	197-205	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
14657181-3	2003	We also showed that preincubation with angiotensin II (Ang II), functioning via the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor, blocked both the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 and its neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42).	Nicotine	139-147	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
14657181-5	2003	Therefore, the potential biological significance of AT2 receptor-induced effects on both the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 and its neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42) led us to investigate whether SHP-1 activation could be involved in this process.	Nicotine	93-101	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
14657181-6	2003	We found that Ang II induced the activation of SHP-1 and that an antisense against SHP-1 not only augmented the nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 but also blocked the Ang II neutralization of the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	112-120	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
11388409-0	2001	Tetrodotoxin-sensitive enhancement of inhibition in CA1 pyramidal neurones by nicotine.	Nicotine	78-86	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
11388409-2	2001	We report that nicotine, applied for 5-10 min at concentrations similar to those found during smoking (0.5-5 M), resulted in all CA1 pyramidal neurones in a marked, phasic and tonic increase in the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory currents.	Nicotine	15-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
11450844-2	2001	Mice lacking the alpha3 subunit and mice lacking both the beta2 and beta4 subunits, but not mice lacking the beta2 or beta4 subunits alone, have a severe phenotype characterized by megacystis, failure of bladder strips to contract in response to nicotine, widely dilated ocular pupils, growth failure, and perinatal mortality.	Nicotine	246-254	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	58-63
11347816-14	2001	The 5HT1A/5HT7 agonist 8-hydroxy DPAT inhibited both the nicotine and GABA-evoked release of dopamine.	Nicotine	57-65	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-9
11146126-0	2000	Acute nicotine decreases, and chronic nicotine increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	38-46	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	75-108
11146126-3	2000	However, with 7 days nicotine treatment, tolerance developed to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on BDNF mRNA expression and there was a significant increase in BDNF expression 2 h after the final injection in the CA1 region.	Nicotine	21-29	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
11146126-3	2000	However, with 7 days nicotine treatment, tolerance developed to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on BDNF mRNA expression and there was a significant increase in BDNF expression 2 h after the final injection in the CA1 region.	Nicotine	21-29	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
11146126-3	2000	However, with 7 days nicotine treatment, tolerance developed to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on BDNF mRNA expression and there was a significant increase in BDNF expression 2 h after the final injection in the CA1 region.	Nicotine	89-97	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
14657181-6	2003	We found that Ang II induced the activation of SHP-1 and that an antisense against SHP-1 not only augmented the nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 but also blocked the Ang II neutralization of the nicotine-induced neuroprotection.	Nicotine	212-220	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
14657181-7	2003	These results demonstrate that nicotine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and neuroprotection against Abeta (1-42) in PC12 cells are blocked by Ang II via AT2 receptor-induced activation of SHP-1.	Nicotine	31-39	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
11146126-4	2000	These data suggests that changes in expression of hippocampal BDNF may be involved in the behavioural effects of nicotine observed after acute and chronic treatment.	Nicotine	113-121	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
30260990-1	2018	Previous pre-clinical studies demonstrated a promising role of alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha) agonists in decreasing nicotine self-administration and nicotine-seeking behavior in animals.	Nicotine	186-194	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	119-128
14713027-11	2003	Caffeine and cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, were generally present in STP effluents and surface waters contaminated by drugs.	Nicotine	39-47	thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10	Homo sapiens	75-78
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	203-211	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
30103281-6	2018	Administration of nicotine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline resulted in antidepressant-like effects in RGS2 WT mice.	Nicotine	18-26	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	113-117
30103281-7	2018	Antidepressant-like effects were observed in RGS2 KO mice only at the highest tested dose of nicotine (1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline controls, suggesting that genetic deletion of RGS2 decreased sensitivity to antidepressant-like effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	45-49
30103281-7	2018	Antidepressant-like effects were observed in RGS2 KO mice only at the highest tested dose of nicotine (1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline controls, suggesting that genetic deletion of RGS2 decreased sensitivity to antidepressant-like effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	183-187
11050152-0	2000	2"-Hydroxylation of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 and human liver microsomes: formation of a lung carcinogen precursor.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	32-51
30103281-7	2018	Antidepressant-like effects were observed in RGS2 KO mice only at the highest tested dose of nicotine (1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline controls, suggesting that genetic deletion of RGS2 decreased sensitivity to antidepressant-like effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	244-252	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	183-187
11050152-5	2000	Incubation of nicotine with cytochrome P450 2A6 and cofactors did indeed produce aminoketone, which was identified as its N-benzoyl derivative by GC-MS.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	28-47
12919726-0	2003	Diversity of selective environmental substrates for human cytochrome P450 2A6: alkoxyethers, nicotine, coumarin, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine.	Nicotine	93-101	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	58-77
30103281-8	2018	Together, the data suggest that RGS2 differentially regulated nicotine-induced affective behavioral responses.	Nicotine	62-70	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	32-36
12919726-4	2003	Thus, kinetic parameters were determined for the hydroxylation of five substrates of diverse chemical structures known to be selective for cytochrome P450 2A6: methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), nicotine, coumarin, N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine (NBzMA), and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA).	Nicotine	192-200	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	139-158
30103281-9	2018	These data suggest that individuals with RGS2 polymorphisms may experience differential affective responses to tobacco smoking, which may make them vulnerable to developing nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	173-181	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	41-45
12919726-11	2003	In conclusion, the prototype probes for CYP2A6 phenotyping are coumarin and nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
29888787-0	2018	c-Fos marking of identified midbrain neurons coactive after nicotine administration in-vivo.	Nicotine	60-68	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	0-5
12766255-8	2003	Thus, the simplified N-n-alkylpyridinium analogs are potent, selective, and competitive antagonists of nAChRs mediating nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow, indicating that the N-methylpyrrolidino moiety is not a structural requirement for interaction with nAChR subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked DA release.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
12766255-8	2003	Thus, the simplified N-n-alkylpyridinium analogs are potent, selective, and competitive antagonists of nAChRs mediating nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow, indicating that the N-methylpyrrolidino moiety is not a structural requirement for interaction with nAChR subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked DA release.	Nicotine	278-286	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
12888124-1	2003	infusion of the alpha-MSH agonist MTII on meal patterns in male rats following nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	79-87	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
12888124-2	2003	The present study explored the role of endogenous alpha-MSH in the alteration of meal patterns induced by nicotine (NIC) withdrawal.	Nicotine	106-114	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
11046076-5	2000	The effect of nicotine treatment was prevented by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine (10 microM), and the alpha 7 subtype-selective antagonists alpha-bungarotoxin (100 nM) and methyllycaconitine (10 nM), whereas dihidro-beta-erythroidine (20 nM) was without effect.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	85-117
11197315-1	2000	Extant data, mostly from studies in vitro, suggest that coumarin and nicotine are both metabolized by CYP2A6, a cytochrome P450 isozyme.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	102-108
11197315-6	2000	The results support previous in vitro findings that both coumarin and nicotine are metabolized, at least in part, by a common pathway, which most likely is CYP2A6.	Nicotine	70-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	156-162
10880842-0	2000	Nicotine effects on proliferation and the bombesin-like peptide autocrine system in human small cell lung carcinoma SHP77 cells in culture.	Nicotine	0-8	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	42-50
29888787-4	2018	We performed double immunohistochemistry for the immediate early gene and surrogate activity sensor, c-Fos, and markers for either cholinergic, dopaminergic or GABAergic cell types in mice treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	202-210	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	101-106
10880842-1	2000	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether nicotine affects the proliferation and expression of the bombesin-like peptide autocrine system in human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) SHP77 cells compared with nonmalignant human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells as non-neuroendocrine controls.	Nicotine	33-41	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	90-98
12844137-1	2003	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 catalyzes nicotine C-oxidation, leading to cotinine formation, a major metabolic pathway of nicotine in humans.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-25
12844137-1	2003	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 catalyzes nicotine C-oxidation, leading to cotinine formation, a major metabolic pathway of nicotine in humans.	Nicotine	118-126	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-25
29888787-7	2018	Twenty four hours of nicotine withdrawal after chronic nicotine treatment suppressed c-Fos activation in the MT.	Nicotine	21-29	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	85-90
10880842-8	2000	Increased proliferation in the presence of nicotine may be due in part to increased levels of bombesin-like peptides in SHP77 cultured in nicotine.	Nicotine	43-51	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	94-102
12844137-3	2003	Previously, we demonstrated that in vivo nicotine metabolism is impaired with the CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*10 alleles in Japanese subjects and Korean subjects.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	82-88
29888787-7	2018	Twenty four hours of nicotine withdrawal after chronic nicotine treatment suppressed c-Fos activation in the MT.	Nicotine	55-63	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	85-90
12844137-3	2003	Previously, we demonstrated that in vivo nicotine metabolism is impaired with the CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*10 alleles in Japanese subjects and Korean subjects.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
10880842-8	2000	Increased proliferation in the presence of nicotine may be due in part to increased levels of bombesin-like peptides in SHP77 cultured in nicotine.	Nicotine	138-146	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	94-102
12844137-3	2003	Previously, we demonstrated that in vivo nicotine metabolism is impaired with the CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*10 alleles in Japanese subjects and Korean subjects.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
28972577-0	2018	Genome-wide association study across European and African American ancestries identifies a SNP in DNMT3B contributing to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	121-129	DNA methyltransferase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	98-104
12844137-5	2003	In this study we investigated the effects of the CYP2A6*9 allele on in vivo enzymatic activity by evaluating nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	109-117	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	49-55
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	104-110
10837795-6	2000	In addition, expression of p53 showed region- and gender-selective alterations consistent with cell damage; c-fos, which is constitutively overexpressed after gestational nicotine exposure, was unaffected with the adolescent treatment paradigm.	Nicotine	171-179	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
28972577-4	2018	In this largest-ever GWAS meta-analysis for nicotine dependence and the largest-ever cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis for any smoking phenotype, we reconfirmed the well-known CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 genes and further yielded a novel association in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-196
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
28972577-4	2018	In this largest-ever GWAS meta-analysis for nicotine dependence and the largest-ever cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis for any smoking phenotype, we reconfirmed the well-known CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 genes and further yielded a novel association in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B.	Nicotine	44-52	DNA methyltransferase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	277-283
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
28972577-5	2018	The intronic DNMT3B rs910083-C allele (frequency=44-77%) was associated with increased risk of nicotine dependence at P=3.7 x 10-8 (odds ratio (OR)=1.06 and 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-1.07 for severe vs mild dependence).	Nicotine	95-103	DNA methyltransferase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	13-19
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	104-110
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
10844104-0	2000	Nicotine induces disinhibitory behavior in the rat after subchronic peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockade.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	79-111
28972577-9	2018	This novel DNMT3B cis-acting QTL variant highlights the importance of genetically influenced regulation in brain on the risks of nicotine dependence, heavy smoking and consequent lung cancer.	Nicotine	129-137	DNA methyltransferase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	11-17
12844137-8	2003	In Korean subjects the cotinine/nicotine ratios as an index of nicotine metabolism in the subjects with CYP2A6*9/CYP2A6*9 (4.3 +/- 2.4) were significantly lower than those in the subjects with CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*9 (7.7 +/- 5.6) and CYP2A6*1A/CYP2A6*1A (10.4 +/- 9.2) (P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.005, respectively).	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
10771206-11	2000	Nicotine slightly increased both c-fos and c-jun mRNA level and GTS, which did not affect the basal c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression, further enhanced nicotine-induced c-fos and c-jun mRNA level at both VTA and NA regions.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
30537800-0	2018	Nicotine Modulates the Release of Inflammatory Cytokines and Expression of TLR2, TLR4 of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	81-85
29698694-6	2018	The cross-generational effects appeared to be mediated via disruption of the balance between GSK3 and p-GKS3 by nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	93-97
10837847-0	2000	Effect of acute nicotine on Fos protein expression in rat brain during chronic nicotine and its withdrawal.	Nicotine	16-24	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
10837847-0	2000	Effect of acute nicotine on Fos protein expression in rat brain during chronic nicotine and its withdrawal.	Nicotine	79-87	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
10837847-3	2000	In control rats, acute nicotine increased Fos IS significantly in all three brain areas studied.	Nicotine	23-31	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
10837847-5	2000	After 72-h withdrawal nicotine-induced elevation of Fos IS was similar to that of control rats in all three areas.	Nicotine	22-30	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
12832682-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Nicotine is responsible for smoking dependence and is mainly metabolised by CYP2A6.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
12679146-7	2003	Preferential nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists were potent anticonvulsants in the maximal electroshock seizure test and against nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	13-45
29803914-0	2018	Combination of TLR8 and TLR4 agonists reduces the degrading effects of nicotine on DC-NK mediated effector T cell generation.	Nicotine	71-79	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
10773216-0	2000	Nicotine reverses GABAergic inhibition of long-term potentiation induction in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
29803914-7	2018	However, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR8 agonists acted as the most effective adjuvants to increase the expression levels of antigen-presenting, costimulatory molecules and production of cytokines by nicotine-exposed DC (nicDC).	Nicotine	189-197	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
29803914-8	2018	When combined, TLR3 + 8 and TLR4 + 8 synergistically optimized nicDC maturation and IFN-gamma secretion from nicotine-exposed NK (nicNK) during co-cultures.	Nicotine	109-117	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
12623221-5	2003	In the present study we evaluated whether chronic nicotine infusion could attenuate TBI-induced deficits in alpha 7* nAChr expression.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
12623221-10	2003	TBI-induced deficits in alpha 7* nAChr density were reversed in four of the six hippocampal brain regions evaluated following chronic nicotine administration.	Nicotine	134-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
29845249-0	2018	Nicotine inhibits CD24 expression in Lewis lung carcinoma cells by upregulation of RAS expression.	Nicotine	0-8	CD24a antigen	Mus musculus	18-22
12831856-9	2003	There may also be differential nAChR regulation of cholinergic and non-cholinergic cells within the mesopontine tegmentum that are implicated in acquisition of nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
10781881-3	2000	CYP2A6 is a major contributor to the oxidative metabolism of nicotine and cotinine, and it also contributes, to a larger or smaller extent, to the metabolism of a few pharmaceuticals (e.g. fadrozole), nitrosamines, other carcinogens (e.g. aflatoxin B1) and a number of coumarin-type alkaloids.	Nicotine	61-69	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
10770993-3	2000	Chimeric subunits consisting of human alpha4 sequence from their N-terminus to either the beginning of the first transmembrane domain or the large cytoplasmic domain and alpha3 sequences thereafter formed acetylcholine receptors with beta2 subunits which were as susceptible to nicotine-induced inactivation as wild-type alpha4 acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	278-286	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-44
29845249-6	2018	Lastly, the mechanism(s) of nicotine-inhibited CD24 expression in LLC cells were assessed.	Nicotine	28-36	CD24a antigen	Mus musculus	47-51
12507696-6	2003	Miniature IPSC frequency could be enhanced by the nAChR agonists nicotine or cytisine.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
29860196-7	2018	The blockade of nicotine reward by varenicline (0.1 mg/kg) was preserved in alpha7 knockout mice but reduced in alpha5 knockout mice.	Nicotine	16-24	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	76-82
12507696-7	2003	Nicotine could still elicit large increases in mIPSC frequency in the presence of the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (5 microM) and the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (40 nM).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
12507696-7	2003	Nicotine could still elicit large increases in mIPSC frequency in the presence of the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (5 microM) and the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (40 nM).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
12433823-7	2002	Nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in pooled human liver microsomes were competitively inhibited by bilirubin as a substrate for UGT1A1 (K(i) = 3.9 and 3.3 micro M), imipramine as a substrate for UGT1A4 (K(i) = 6.1 and 2.7 micro M), and propofol as a substrate for UGT1A9 (K(i) = 6.0 and 12.0 micro M).	Nicotine	0-8	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	135-141
12433823-10	2002	In conclusion, the involvement of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 as well as UGT1A4 in nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in human liver microsomes was suggested, although the contributions of each UGT isoform could not be determined conclusively.	Nicotine	73-81	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	34-40
12438507-5	2002	Nicotine also elevated mRNA levels of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), rate limiting in biosynthesis of TH"s essential cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin in both dopaminergic locations.	Nicotine	0-8	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-58
12438507-5	2002	Nicotine also elevated mRNA levels of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), rate limiting in biosynthesis of TH"s essential cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin in both dopaminergic locations.	Nicotine	0-8	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
12438507-7	2002	Pretreatment with the alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine prevented the nicotine-induced rise in TH or GTPCH mRNA in VTA and SN.	Nicotine	79-87	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
10555165-0	1999	Nicotine withdrawal up-regulates c-Fos transcription in pheochromocytoma cells.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
10555165-1	1999	The influence of nicotine on the expression of Fos family proteins, which specifically formed complexes with the AP-1 sequence, was assessed.	Nicotine	17-25	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	47-50
10555165-2	1999	mRNA for c-Fos, c-jun and jun-B were up-regulated at 0.5 h after nicotine treatment, elevated c-Fos also being apparent after withdrawal.	Nicotine	65-73	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
10555165-2	1999	mRNA for c-Fos, c-jun and jun-B were up-regulated at 0.5 h after nicotine treatment, elevated c-Fos also being apparent after withdrawal.	Nicotine	65-73	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
10555165-2	1999	mRNA for c-Fos, c-jun and jun-B were up-regulated at 0.5 h after nicotine treatment, elevated c-Fos also being apparent after withdrawal.	Nicotine	65-73	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
29369741-2	2018	Recent studies have reported that nicotine at high concentrations can also activate the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor (TRPA1) expressed in these sensory nerves.	Nicotine	34-42	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Cavia porcellus	88-135
10555165-4	1999	These results indicate that nicotine treatment may affect the transcriptional activity of many genes through c-Fos and c-Jun protein expression in neural cells, and that Fra-1 protein may make a contribution.	Nicotine	28-36	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
10555165-4	1999	These results indicate that nicotine treatment may affect the transcriptional activity of many genes through c-Fos and c-Jun protein expression in neural cells, and that Fra-1 protein may make a contribution.	Nicotine	28-36	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
12406643-5	2002	The resulting interindividual variation in metabolic activity may affect the metabolism of CYP2A6 substrates including nicotine, cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine), several tobacco-specific procarcinogens, coumarin and many toxins.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	91-97
12406643-5	2002	The resulting interindividual variation in metabolic activity may affect the metabolism of CYP2A6 substrates including nicotine, cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine), several tobacco-specific procarcinogens, coumarin and many toxins.	Nicotine	163-171	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	91-97
12406643-6	2002	The frequencies of the CYP2A6 alleles vary considerably among different ethnic populations, which may partially explain the interethnic variability found in CYP2A6-related metabolic activity (e.g. nicotine metabolism), behaviors (i.e. smoking) and disease (i.e. lung cancer).	Nicotine	197-205	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	23-29
12406643-6	2002	The frequencies of the CYP2A6 alleles vary considerably among different ethnic populations, which may partially explain the interethnic variability found in CYP2A6-related metabolic activity (e.g. nicotine metabolism), behaviors (i.e. smoking) and disease (i.e. lung cancer).	Nicotine	197-205	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	157-163
29369741-2	2018	Recent studies have reported that nicotine at high concentrations can also activate the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor (TRPA1) expressed in these sensory nerves.	Nicotine	34-42	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Cavia porcellus	137-142
25470684-9	1999	Non-smoker HGF and smoker HGF reacted to nicotine in different ways, depending on the concentrations and the exposure times used, but had identical reactions following double exposure.	Nicotine	41-49	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	11-14
29549391-1	2018	RATIONALE: Recent preclinical data has implicated the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as a target in modulating nicotine reward.	Nicotine	128-136	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	95-100
25470684-9	1999	Non-smoker HGF and smoker HGF reacted to nicotine in different ways, depending on the concentrations and the exposure times used, but had identical reactions following double exposure.	Nicotine	41-49	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	26-29
25470684-10	1999	With the Hoechst DNA assay, 600mug/ml nicotine was found to affect the growth of non-smoker HGF after long or repeated exposure, while smoker HGF were affected only by repeated exposure; growth of L-929 cells was not affected.	Nicotine	38-46	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	92-95
25470684-11	1999	It was concluded that HGF from smokers are able to sustain higher concentrations of nicotine without adverse effects than are non-smoker HGF and L-929 cells.	Nicotine	84-92	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	22-25
12487152-3	2002	Nicotine is mainly metabolized to cotinine by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	46-71
29549391-2	2018	However, the role of the channel properties of the alpha7 nAChR in nicotine withdrawal is unknown.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	51-63
29549391-3	2018	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the impact of alpha7 nAChR pharmacological modulation on mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal behaviors in mice by using positive allosteric modulators (PAMs).	Nicotine	127-135	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	58-70
29549391-8	2018	Nicotine withdrawal signs were precipitated upon administration of the non-selective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (3.5 mg/kg, i.p.).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	85-90
12359039-20	2002	Further studies may associate MAOB inhibitors with nicotine replacement therapies to increase therapeutic efficacy.	Nicotine	51-59	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	30-34
12130686-1	2002	Nicotine-stimulated (86)Rb(+) efflux and [(3)H]cytisine binding, both of which seem to measure the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits, were assessed in eight brain regions obtained from 14 inbred mouse strains.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	156-161
10414341-3	1999	Using mice lacking the beta 2 subunit, we have shown that nAChRs containing this subunit are responsible for most of the high-affinity binding sites for nicotine, cytisine, and epibatidine in the brain.	Nicotine	153-161	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	23-29
29549391-12	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of the alpha7 nAChR can play important roles in mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal behaviors in mice.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-84
10414341-6	1999	Submicromolar doses of nicotine, corresponding to the concentrations of nicotine in vivo in self-administration paradigms, increased the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in vitro in normal mice but not in mice lacking the beta 2 subunit.	Nicotine	23-31	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	225-231
29549391-14	2018	These findings highlight a beneficial effect of using alpha7 nAChR PAMs in some aspects of precipitated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	61-66
11923442-8	2002	nicotine and pharmacological agents were used as tools to identify the CNS site and circuitry and reveal the nAChR subtype(s) mediating the gastric effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
10414341-8	1999	These data support the view that the beta 2-containing receptors are involved in mediating the reinforcing properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	37-43
29572389-5	2018	In the present study, we examined the involvement of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in nicotine-mediated mesangial cell growth in high glucose milieu.	Nicotine	81-89	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	57-69
11923442-8	2002	nicotine and pharmacological agents were used as tools to identify the CNS site and circuitry and reveal the nAChR subtype(s) mediating the gastric effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	159-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
29572389-9	2018	Similarly, nicotine increased the expression of Wnts, beta-catenin, and fibronectin in normal glucose medium, but further increased mesangial cell expression of these proteins in high glucose milieu.	Nicotine	11-19	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	54-66
11956957-1	2002	It has been reported that pretreatment with (-)-nicotine prevents glutamate- and amyloid beta protein (Abeta)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro.	Nicotine	48-56	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
10191306-7	1999	Low concentrations (500 nM) of nicotine desensitized fast and slow nAChR responses.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
29572389-10	2018	Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of beta-catenin activity or expression with specific inhibitor FH535 or siRNA significantly impaired the nicotine/glucose-stimulated cell proliferation and fibronectin production.	Nicotine	153-161	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-63
29572389-11	2018	We conclude that nicotine may enhance renal mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin production under high glucose milieus partly through activating Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	157-169
10101239-0	1999	Hippocampal neurotrophin and trk receptor mRNA levels are altered by local administration of nicotine, carbachol and pilocarpine.	Nicotine	93-101	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	12-24
11895105-4	2002	The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with nicotine in both in vitro and in vivo settings would increase the neural expression of TrkA receptors.	Nicotine	66-74	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
29114104-2	2018	In mice, nAChR activation by nicotine is anti-aggressive, or "serenic," an effect which requires alpha7 nAChRs and is recapitulated by GTS-21, an alpha7 nAChR partial agonist.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	9-14
11895105-5	2002	Using a differentiated PC12 neuronal-like system, chronic nicotine treatment increased cell surface TrkA receptor expression.	Nicotine	58-66	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
11895105-6	2002	Nicotine"s action was blocked by co-treatment with either the non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine or with the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	78-110
11895105-6	2002	Nicotine"s action was blocked by co-treatment with either the non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine or with the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
10095079-1	1999	Our previous studies demonstrated that nicotine induces c-fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the rat during a narrow developmental window occurring in the perinatal period.	Nicotine	39-47	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
11895105-6	2002	Nicotine"s action was blocked by co-treatment with either the non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine or with the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
29355641-2	2018	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are critical for both alcohol and nicotine addiction mechanisms, since nAChR drugs that reduce nicotine consumption have been shown to also reduce alcohol consumption.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	39-44
11895105-12	2002	Since in our previous studies the increase in TrkA expression produced by nicotine was shown to be related to its cytoprotective actions, these results suggest that nicotine"s neuroprotective actions might also be mediated through the drug"s interaction with central alpha7 nAChRs and subsequent increase in TrkA receptor expression.	Nicotine	74-82	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
11895105-12	2002	Since in our previous studies the increase in TrkA expression produced by nicotine was shown to be related to its cytoprotective actions, these results suggest that nicotine"s neuroprotective actions might also be mediated through the drug"s interaction with central alpha7 nAChRs and subsequent increase in TrkA receptor expression.	Nicotine	74-82	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	308-312
11895105-12	2002	Since in our previous studies the increase in TrkA expression produced by nicotine was shown to be related to its cytoprotective actions, these results suggest that nicotine"s neuroprotective actions might also be mediated through the drug"s interaction with central alpha7 nAChRs and subsequent increase in TrkA receptor expression.	Nicotine	165-173	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
11895105-12	2002	Since in our previous studies the increase in TrkA expression produced by nicotine was shown to be related to its cytoprotective actions, these results suggest that nicotine"s neuroprotective actions might also be mediated through the drug"s interaction with central alpha7 nAChRs and subsequent increase in TrkA receptor expression.	Nicotine	165-173	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	308-312
11779172-4	2002	Consistent with our homology model predictions, we found (i) that CYP2A6*7 produces an enzyme that has decreased (not inactive) activity for metabolizing nicotine and coumarin; (ii) that CYP2A6*8 is unlikely to affect catalytic activity in vivo; and (iii) that having both substitutions together on an allele (CYP2A6*10) dramatically reduces function and may be fully inactive for some substrates.	Nicotine	154-162	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	66-72
10372514-0	1999	Nicotine phase shifts the 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm and induces c-Fos in the SCN of rats.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
10372514-4	1999	Nicotine administration also caused the induction of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in the SCN in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
10372514-5	1999	Further, pre-treatment with the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine reduced the number of nicotine-induced c-Fos-positive cells in the SCN by 65%.	Nicotine	88-96	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
10350185-0	1999	Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes.	Nicotine	30-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
11779172-4	2002	Consistent with our homology model predictions, we found (i) that CYP2A6*7 produces an enzyme that has decreased (not inactive) activity for metabolizing nicotine and coumarin; (ii) that CYP2A6*8 is unlikely to affect catalytic activity in vivo; and (iii) that having both substitutions together on an allele (CYP2A6*10) dramatically reduces function and may be fully inactive for some substrates.	Nicotine	154-162	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	187-193
10350185-5	1999	In liver microsomes of 16 human samples, nicotine C-oxidation activities were correlated with CYP2A6 contents at 10 microM substrate concentration, whereas such correlation coefficients were decreased when the substrate concentration was increased to 500 microM.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	94-100
29355641-2	2018	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are critical for both alcohol and nicotine addiction mechanisms, since nAChR drugs that reduce nicotine consumption have been shown to also reduce alcohol consumption.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	39-44
10350185-6	1999	Contribution of CYP2B6 (as well as CYP2A6) was demonstrated by experiments with the effects of orphenadrine (and also coumarin and anti-CYP2A6) on the nicotine C-oxidation activities by human liver microsomes at 500 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	35-41
11779172-4	2002	Consistent with our homology model predictions, we found (i) that CYP2A6*7 produces an enzyme that has decreased (not inactive) activity for metabolizing nicotine and coumarin; (ii) that CYP2A6*8 is unlikely to affect catalytic activity in vivo; and (iii) that having both substitutions together on an allele (CYP2A6*10) dramatically reduces function and may be fully inactive for some substrates.	Nicotine	154-162	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	187-193
29486207-0	2018	nAChRs-ERK1/2-Egr-1 signaling participates in the developmental toxicity of nicotine by epigenetically down-regulating placental 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	76-84	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
10350185-6	1999	Contribution of CYP2B6 (as well as CYP2A6) was demonstrated by experiments with the effects of orphenadrine (and also coumarin and anti-CYP2A6) on the nicotine C-oxidation activities by human liver microsomes at 500 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	136-142
29486207-0	2018	nAChRs-ERK1/2-Egr-1 signaling participates in the developmental toxicity of nicotine by epigenetically down-regulating placental 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	76-84	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	129-140
10350185-6	1999	Contribution of CYP2B6 (as well as CYP2A6) was demonstrated by experiments with the effects of orphenadrine (and also coumarin and anti-CYP2A6) on the nicotine C-oxidation activities by human liver microsomes at 500 microM nicotine.	Nicotine	223-231	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	35-41
11815392-7	2002	THC and nicotine administration induced c-Fos expression in several brain structures.	Nicotine	8-16	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
29486207-2	2018	This study aimed to elucidate the epigenetically regulatory mechanism of nicotine on placental 11beta-HSD2 expression.	Nicotine	73-81	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	95-106
29486207-7	2018	In human BeWo cells, nicotine decreased 11beta-HSD2 expression, increased nAChRalpha9 expression, and activated ERK1/2/Elk-1/Egr-1 signaling in the concentration (0.1-10 muM)-dependent manner.	Nicotine	21-29	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	40-51
9832142-7	1998	In parallel experiments, we found that (-)-nicotine induces the basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat striatum.	Nicotine	43-51	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-146
29486207-7	2018	In human BeWo cells, nicotine decreased 11beta-HSD2 expression, increased nAChRalpha9 expression, and activated ERK1/2/Elk-1/Egr-1 signaling in the concentration (0.1-10 muM)-dependent manner.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 9 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-85
29486207-7	2018	In human BeWo cells, nicotine decreased 11beta-HSD2 expression, increased nAChRalpha9 expression, and activated ERK1/2/Elk-1/Egr-1 signaling in the concentration (0.1-10 muM)-dependent manner.	Nicotine	21-29	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
9832142-8	1998	The effect of (-)-nicotine on the induction of FGF-2 was prevented by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
29486207-8	2018	Antagonism of nAChRs, inhibition of ERK1/2 and Egr-1 knockdown by siRNA were able to block/abrogate the effects of nicotine on histone modification and expression of 11beta-HSD2.	Nicotine	115-123	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
11712662-3	2001	(+/-)-Mecamylamine (Inversine), a classic nAChR antagonist, potently inhibits nicotine-induced seizures.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
29355739-0	2018	Nicotine induces apoptosis in human osteoblasts via a novel mechanism driven by H2O2 and entailing Glyoxalase 1-dependent MG-H1 accumulation leading to TG2-mediated NF-kB desensitization: Implication for smokers-related osteoporosis.	Nicotine	0-8	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	99-111
9808712-6	1998	Although various hydrophilic organic cations such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, cimetidine, quinidine, nicotine, N1-methylnicotinamide and guanidine markedly inhibited TEA uptake by both MDCK-OCT1 and MDCK-OCT2 cells, there were no significant differences in the apparent inhibition constants (Ki) against these organic cations between both transfectants.	Nicotine	105-113	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-198
29339018-7	2018	Moreover, Western blotting showed that chronic nicotine also elevated the level of autophagy makers including Beclin-1 and LC3 II triggered by CUS.	Nicotine	47-55	beclin 1, autophagy related	Mus musculus	110-118
11551840-2	2001	Subcutaneous nicotine injection moderately increased Fos expression in the principal ganglionic cells of the CG (17 +/- 4 Fos+ per mm(2), approximately 12% of all principal CG cells), whereas subcutaneous saline had no effect (0 +/- 0 Fos+ per mm(2); n = 7; P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	13-21	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
11551840-2	2001	Subcutaneous nicotine injection moderately increased Fos expression in the principal ganglionic cells of the CG (17 +/- 4 Fos+ per mm(2), approximately 12% of all principal CG cells), whereas subcutaneous saline had no effect (0 +/- 0 Fos+ per mm(2); n = 7; P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	13-21	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
11551840-2	2001	Subcutaneous nicotine injection moderately increased Fos expression in the principal ganglionic cells of the CG (17 +/- 4 Fos+ per mm(2), approximately 12% of all principal CG cells), whereas subcutaneous saline had no effect (0 +/- 0 Fos+ per mm(2); n = 7; P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	13-21	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
11551840-3	2001	Greater Fos expression was obtained by applying nicotine topically to the CG (71 +/- 8 Fos+ per mm(2); 52% of all principal CG cells, n = 5; P &lt; 0.01 vs. topical saline, n = 4) and by preganglionic nerve stimulation (126 +/- 9 Fos+ per mm(2); 94% of all principal CG cells, n = 11; P &lt; 0.01 vs. nerve isolation, n = 7).	Nicotine	48-56	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
9729261-9	1998	Further, a single dose of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (MCA) 30 min prior to nicotine challenge dose-dependently blocked the reduction of mesoprefrontal DA stress responsivity and immobility responses produced by repeated nicotine pre-treatment.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	30-62
11551840-3	2001	Greater Fos expression was obtained by applying nicotine topically to the CG (71 +/- 8 Fos+ per mm(2); 52% of all principal CG cells, n = 5; P &lt; 0.01 vs. topical saline, n = 4) and by preganglionic nerve stimulation (126 +/- 9 Fos+ per mm(2); 94% of all principal CG cells, n = 11; P &lt; 0.01 vs. nerve isolation, n = 7).	Nicotine	48-56	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
29339018-7	2018	Moreover, Western blotting showed that chronic nicotine also elevated the level of autophagy makers including Beclin-1 and LC3 II triggered by CUS.	Nicotine	47-55	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	123-126
11551840-3	2001	Greater Fos expression was obtained by applying nicotine topically to the CG (71 +/- 8 Fos+ per mm(2); 52% of all principal CG cells, n = 5; P &lt; 0.01 vs. topical saline, n = 4) and by preganglionic nerve stimulation (126 +/- 9 Fos+ per mm(2); 94% of all principal CG cells, n = 11; P &lt; 0.01 vs. nerve isolation, n = 7).	Nicotine	48-56	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
9729261-9	1998	Further, a single dose of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (MCA) 30 min prior to nicotine challenge dose-dependently blocked the reduction of mesoprefrontal DA stress responsivity and immobility responses produced by repeated nicotine pre-treatment.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
29161446-7	2018	Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols with and without nicotine caused significant reductions in hippocampal gene expression of Ngfr and Bdnf, as well as in serum levels of cytokines IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6.	Nicotine	50-58	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	132-136
9729261-9	1998	Further, a single dose of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (MCA) 30 min prior to nicotine challenge dose-dependently blocked the reduction of mesoprefrontal DA stress responsivity and immobility responses produced by repeated nicotine pre-treatment.	Nicotine	262-270	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	30-62
11592233-9	2001	JNK activity was decreased by 1.8-fold, as well as the expression of its downstream target c-jun (1.9-fold), when tumor cells were exposed to cisplatin in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	171-179	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
29161446-7	2018	Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols with and without nicotine caused significant reductions in hippocampal gene expression of Ngfr and Bdnf, as well as in serum levels of cytokines IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6.	Nicotine	50-58	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	188-192
9729261-9	1998	Further, a single dose of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (MCA) 30 min prior to nicotine challenge dose-dependently blocked the reduction of mesoprefrontal DA stress responsivity and immobility responses produced by repeated nicotine pre-treatment.	Nicotine	262-270	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
28963785-8	2018	Furthermore, the TTC3 and MUL1 shRNA adenovirus dramatically decreased the Akt ubiquitination and apoptosis induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
11543769-0	2001	Induction of Fos-immunostaining by nicotine and nicotinic receptor antagonists in rat brain.	Nicotine	35-43	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9729261-10	1998	These results indicate that: (1) there are dose-dependent differential effects of acute and repeated nicotine pre-exposure on regional DA utilization; (2) low, but not high, dose repeated nicotine reduces both the mesoprefrontal DA and behavioral effects of acute footshock stress; and (3) these effects of repeated nicotine may depend on mecamylamine-sensitive nAChR stimulation.	Nicotine	188-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	362-367
28963785-9	2018	These results indicate that nicotine-induced Akt ubiquitination and degradation occurs through TTC3 and MUL1 and results in a dramatic increase in apoptosis in HUVECs cultured in HG/HF media.	Nicotine	28-36	mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
28407244-5	2018	It was observed that nicotine at low concentrations elicit an increase in osteoclast differentiation, but only in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL it was also able to significantly increase the resorbing ability of osteoclasts.	Nicotine	21-29	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
9729261-10	1998	These results indicate that: (1) there are dose-dependent differential effects of acute and repeated nicotine pre-exposure on regional DA utilization; (2) low, but not high, dose repeated nicotine reduces both the mesoprefrontal DA and behavioral effects of acute footshock stress; and (3) these effects of repeated nicotine may depend on mecamylamine-sensitive nAChR stimulation.	Nicotine	188-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	362-367
9495846-3	1998	The activation of a putative alpha 3 beta 4-containing nAChR in PC12 by RJR-2429 reveals a potency intermediate between nicotine and epibatidine (EC50 of 20,000 nM for nicotine and 30 nM for epibatidine).	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
9495846-3	1998	The activation of a putative alpha 3 beta 4-containing nAChR in PC12 by RJR-2429 reveals a potency intermediate between nicotine and epibatidine (EC50 of 20,000 nM for nicotine and 30 nM for epibatidine).	Nicotine	168-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
11543769-2	2001	Acute nicotine elevated Fos-like immunostaining (Fos IS) significantly in all studied areas except the medial prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
11543769-2	2001	Acute nicotine elevated Fos-like immunostaining (Fos IS) significantly in all studied areas except the medial prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
11543769-3	2001	Nicotine increased the Fos IS in cortical, limbic and hypothalamic areas by 2-10-fold, and in the interpeduncular nucleus as well as in the visual areas the increases were 15-150-fold.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
11543769-8	2001	The efficacy of nAChR antagonists in blocking nicotine"s effects on Fos IS varied noticeably with respect to region and antagonist, and the combined effect of nicotine+antagonist did not exceed that of either treatment alone.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
11543769-8	2001	The efficacy of nAChR antagonists in blocking nicotine"s effects on Fos IS varied noticeably with respect to region and antagonist, and the combined effect of nicotine+antagonist did not exceed that of either treatment alone.	Nicotine	46-54	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
11543769-9	2001	Mecamylamine and DHE significantly reduced nicotine-induced Fos IS in most of the studied areas, and MLA only in two areas.	Nicotine	43-51	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
11543769-10	2001	Thus, nAChRs seem to mediate the effects of nicotine on Fos IS, and the differences in the effects of the antagonists studied suggest that more than one subtype of nAChRs are involved.	Nicotine	44-52	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
9495846-9	1998	A model for the structure-activity profile of RJR-2429, nicotine and epibatidine was derived by molecular forcefield and quantum mechanics calculations and may provide important clues for the development of ligands selective for nAChR subtypes as probes in the life sciences or as potential therapeutic tools.	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	229-234
29158210-9	2018	In conclusion, pregnancy-induced increases in nicotine metabolism start by 12 weeks gestation and continue as pregnancy progresses most likely due to induction of CYP2A6 and UGT2B10, resulting in potential reductions in the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapies and an increase in metabolism of other CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 substrates during pregnancy.	Nicotine	46-54	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	174-181
9453571-1	1998	Effects of neonatal nicotine exposure on the development of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha7, and beta2 subunit mRNAs and the number of nAChR isoforms in rat brain were studied.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	60-92
11478936-8	2001	Finally, a number of genes, involved in MAPK, phosphatidylinositol, and EGFR signaling pathways, were identified and proposed as possible targets in response to nicotine administration.	Nicotine	161-169	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
11522426-7	2001	These results suggest to us that nicotine may be involved in the protection of neuronal cells from death by means of nAChR.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
11522426-8	2001	The effect of NGF and nicotine on the expression of nAChR subunits in PC12 cells was examined by using Northern blot analysis.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
29158210-9	2018	In conclusion, pregnancy-induced increases in nicotine metabolism start by 12 weeks gestation and continue as pregnancy progresses most likely due to induction of CYP2A6 and UGT2B10, resulting in potential reductions in the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapies and an increase in metabolism of other CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 substrates during pregnancy.	Nicotine	46-54	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	322-329
11522426-10	2001	These results suggest to us that NGF changes the expression of nAChR in a subtype-specific manner over the course of differentiation, and disproportionate subunit expressions might be related to the neuroprotective effect exerted by nicotine.	Nicotine	233-241	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
9453571-1	1998	Effects of neonatal nicotine exposure on the development of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha7, and beta2 subunit mRNAs and the number of nAChR isoforms in rat brain were studied.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
29158210-9	2018	In conclusion, pregnancy-induced increases in nicotine metabolism start by 12 weeks gestation and continue as pregnancy progresses most likely due to induction of CYP2A6 and UGT2B10, resulting in potential reductions in the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapies and an increase in metabolism of other CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 substrates during pregnancy.	Nicotine	241-249	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	174-181
9519247-0	1998	Increase of glucose transporter densities (Glut1 and Glut3) during chronic administration of nicotine in rat brain.	Nicotine	93-101	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
29225110-6	2018	Prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure induced oxidative stress, did not affect the mitochondrial functions, increased the monoamine oxidase activity, increased caspase expression and decreased ILK, PSD-95 and GLUR1 expression without affecting the GSK-3beta.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	210-215
9519247-9	1998	It is concluded that one week of nicotine infusion is sufficient to raise the densities of Glut1 and Glut3 glucose transporters predominantly in those structures in which LCGU is elevated.	Nicotine	33-41	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
28754351-4	2018	However, nicotine was found to modify GnRH pulsatility in perifusion experiments and inhibits, the release of GnRH induced by prostaglandin E1 or by K+-induced cell depolarization; these effects were reversed by D-tubocurarine and alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	9-17	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	38-42
11241319-1	2001	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) plays an important role in the oxidation of nicotine and in the activation of tobacco-related carcinogens, such as N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
11251213-4	2001	Because a similar acceleration of DP was observed using the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective antagonist methyllcaconitine (MLA), the nicotine effect appeared to be at least partly mediated by nicotine-induced desensitization of alpha7 nAChRs.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
28754351-4	2018	However, nicotine was found to modify GnRH pulsatility in perifusion experiments and inhibits, the release of GnRH induced by prostaglandin E1 or by K+-induced cell depolarization; these effects were reversed by D-tubocurarine and alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	9-17	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	110-114
11251214-5	2001	The effect of nicotine was mimicked by the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine and blocked by the non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, suggesting that both nicotine-mediated desensitization of alpha7 nAChRs and activation of non-alpha7 nAChRs contribute to the nicotine effect.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
11251214-5	2001	The effect of nicotine was mimicked by the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine and blocked by the non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, suggesting that both nicotine-mediated desensitization of alpha7 nAChRs and activation of non-alpha7 nAChRs contribute to the nicotine effect.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
9428762-0	1998	Acetylcholine receptors containing the beta2 subunit are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	39-44
29293602-1	2018	Nicotine evokes chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses and an aversive behavior in Trpm5 knockout (KO) mice.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	86-91
9428762-4	1998	Using patch-clamp recording, we show that mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from mice without the beta2 subunit no longer respond to nicotine, and that self-administration of nicotine is attenuated in these mutant mice.	Nicotine	134-142	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	99-104
9428762-5	1998	Our results strongly support the idea that the beta2-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is involved in mediating the reinforcing properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	47-52
11851194-8	2001	In response to CCK-8, amylase release was decreased by nicotine and by mecamylamine (100 microM) when compared with control.	Nicotine	55-63	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
11851194-10	2001	Peak amylase released with the maximal dose of CCK-8 (1 x 10(-10) M) was less in cells treated with nicotine when compared with those measured cells treated with saline or with the two doses of mecamylamine.	Nicotine	100-108	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
11851194-13	2001	Both of these drugs, nicotine and mecamylamine, may act via CCK receptors via two different intracellular mechanisms.	Nicotine	21-29	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
29293602-3	2018	This indicates that nicotine evokes bitter taste by activating a Trpm5-dependent pathway and a Trpm5-independent but nAChR-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	65-70
29293602-3	2018	This indicates that nicotine evokes bitter taste by activating a Trpm5-dependent pathway and a Trpm5-independent but nAChR-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	95-100
9370060-8	1997	The Glut 1 55 kilodalton (kd) isoform protein content was significantly decreased in the nicotine-treated brains but unchanged in the ethanol-treated brains, while the reverse was true for the Glut 1 45 kd isoform.	Nicotine	89-97	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Gallus gallus	4-10
29293602-3	2018	This indicates that nicotine evokes bitter taste by activating a Trpm5-dependent pathway and a Trpm5-independent but nAChR-dependent pathway.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	117-122
9197282-5	1997	The TH gene may be regulated by a nicotine-related signaling pathway, whereas alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4 nAChR genes may be further regulated by a protein kinase A (PKA) pathway under long-term nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	201-209	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
11207029-1	2001	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is involved in the C-oxidation of nicotine and in the metabolic activation of tobacco nitrosamines.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
29293602-11	2018	Giving nicotine (100 mug/ml) in drinking water to WT mice for 3 weeks differentially increased the expression of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, alpha7, beta2 and beta4 mRNAs in circumvallate TRCs to varying degrees.	Nicotine	7-15	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	163-168
29293602-13	2018	We conclude that nAChR subunits are expressed in Trpm5-positive TRCs and their expression levels are differentially altered by chronic oral exposure to nicotine and ethanol.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	17-22
29293602-13	2018	We conclude that nAChR subunits are expressed in Trpm5-positive TRCs and their expression levels are differentially altered by chronic oral exposure to nicotine and ethanol.	Nicotine	152-160	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	49-54
11044890-11	2000	These findings suggest that the degree of DA transporter (DAT) occupancy contributes to the synergistic interaction between nicotine and cocaine or MP.	Nicotine	124-132	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	42-56
11044890-11	2000	These findings suggest that the degree of DA transporter (DAT) occupancy contributes to the synergistic interaction between nicotine and cocaine or MP.	Nicotine	124-132	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	58-61
28809075-4	2018	In addition, the antinociceptive properties of nicotine, a non-selective nAChR agonist with a high affinity for alpha4beta2 nAChRs, is well-known.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	73-78
11046094-2	2000	Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that nicotine can directly alter activity of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS).	Nicotine	54-62	nitric oxide synthase 3	Canis lupus familiaris	94-127
11046094-2	2000	Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that nicotine can directly alter activity of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS).	Nicotine	54-62	nitric oxide synthase 3	Canis lupus familiaris	129-133
11046094-7	2000	Nicotine dose dependently also increased citrulline accumulation by recombinant eNOS and neuronal NOS but not inducible NOS.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 3	Canis lupus familiaris	80-84
11046094-8	2000	Effects of nicotine on accumulation of citrulline by isolated eNOS and recombinant eNOS were further modulated by changes in the concentration of NADPH in the incubation solution.	Nicotine	11-19	nitric oxide synthase 3	Canis lupus familiaris	62-66
11046094-9	2000	Our data demonstrate a significant effect of nicotine on eNOS-mediated citrulline accumulation.	Nicotine	45-53	nitric oxide synthase 3	Canis lupus familiaris	57-61
9184797-19	1997	It seems possible to assume from these results that, although, under the present experimental conditions, nicotine exhibited a tendency to accelerate the intimal hyperplasia after endothelial removal, the longer exposure to nicotine or a higher dose of the agent or both would significantly accelerate the intimal hyperplasia through the enhanced impairment of endothelium-derived relaxing factor/ NO production, which might be brought about by the enhanced increases in L-NMMA and ADMA concentrations, and the enhanced increase in endothelin-1 in the vessel wall.	Nicotine	106-114	endothelin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	532-544
9184797-19	1997	It seems possible to assume from these results that, although, under the present experimental conditions, nicotine exhibited a tendency to accelerate the intimal hyperplasia after endothelial removal, the longer exposure to nicotine or a higher dose of the agent or both would significantly accelerate the intimal hyperplasia through the enhanced impairment of endothelium-derived relaxing factor/ NO production, which might be brought about by the enhanced increases in L-NMMA and ADMA concentrations, and the enhanced increase in endothelin-1 in the vessel wall.	Nicotine	224-232	endothelin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	532-544
9503263-6	1997	In parallel experiments, we found that (-)nicotine induces the basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat striatum.	Nicotine	42-50	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-143
9503263-6	1997	In parallel experiments, we found that (-)nicotine induces the basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat striatum.	Nicotine	42-50	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
29345720-0	2018	Effects of nicotine administration in rats on MMP2 and VEGF levels in periodontal membrane.	Nicotine	11-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
9503263-7	1997	As FGF-2 and BDNF have been reported to be neuroprotective for dopaminergic cells, our data indicate that the increase in neurotrophic factors is a possible mechanism by which (-)nicotine protects from experimental parkinsonisms.	Nicotine	179-187	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
10896827-9	2000	EC exposed to (-)-nicotine concentrations of 6 x 10(-6) and 6 x 10(-8) M had a significant alteration in the expression of alpha-actin fibers and vimentin as compared with control.	Nicotine	14-26	vimentin	Bos taurus	146-154
29345720-2	2018	This article aimed at identifying the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMPs2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins on extracellular matrix, fibrous distribution and angiogenetic development in periodontitis caused by nicotine effects on periodontal membrane.	Nicotine	245-253	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	92-126
29345720-2	2018	This article aimed at identifying the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMPs2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins on extracellular matrix, fibrous distribution and angiogenetic development in periodontitis caused by nicotine effects on periodontal membrane.	Nicotine	245-253	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
30175790-0	2018	Dietary DNA Attenuates the Degradation of Elastin Fibers in the Aortic Wall in Nicotine-Administrated Mice.	Nicotine	79-87	elastin	Mus musculus	42-49
10819909-0	2000	Nicotine-induced Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat: role of nicotinic and NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
10819909-2	2000	In the present study, we investigated the role of nicotinic and NMDA receptors in the VTA for the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens and in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat after acute nicotine administration.	Nicotine	257-265	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
10771006-7	2000	Mice lacking the beta(2) subunit have no overt bladder phenotype, and their bladders contract in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	109-117	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	17-24
8996219-1	1997	SIB-1765F ([+/-]-5-ethynyl-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine fumarate) is a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NAChR) agonist displaying a different in vitro pharmacological profile than nicotine and epibatidine, suggestive of NAChR subtype selectivity.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-116
8996219-1	1997	SIB-1765F ([+/-]-5-ethynyl-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine fumarate) is a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NAChR) agonist displaying a different in vitro pharmacological profile than nicotine and epibatidine, suggestive of NAChR subtype selectivity.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
30175790-8	2018	The dietary DNA attenuated the degradation of elastin fibers induced by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	72-80	elastin	Mus musculus	46-53
10609551-2	2000	Earlier observations that nicotine binds to some nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the olfactory bulb (OB) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) led us to investigate the complete nAChR expression profile in each tissue and to determine whether inter-individual differences exist in male and female rats.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	49-81
29257196-0	2018	Effect of cigarette smoke extract and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Nicotine	38-46	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	68-82
10609551-2	2000	Earlier observations that nicotine binds to some nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the olfactory bulb (OB) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) led us to investigate the complete nAChR expression profile in each tissue and to determine whether inter-individual differences exist in male and female rats.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
10609551-2	2000	Earlier observations that nicotine binds to some nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the olfactory bulb (OB) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) led us to investigate the complete nAChR expression profile in each tissue and to determine whether inter-individual differences exist in male and female rats.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	190-195
8986836-3	1996	Intracerebroventricular administration in rats of the high-affinity CRF-BP ligand inhibitor, rat/human CRF (6-33), which dissociates CRF or urocortin from CRF-BP and increases endogenous brain levels of "free" CRF or urocortin significantly blunted exaggerated weight gain in Zucker obese subjects and in animals withdrawn from chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	336-344	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	68-74
8986836-5	1996	Nicotine abstinent subjects, but not nicotine-naive controls, experienced a 35% appetite suppression and a 25% weight gain reduction following acute and chronic administration, respectively, of CRF-BP ligand inhibitor.	Nicotine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	194-200
29257196-1	2018	The present study investigated the influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	82-90	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	112-126
29257196-1	2018	The present study investigated the influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Nicotine	82-90	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	128-130
29257196-4	2018	The effects of CSE (0.5-5%) and nicotine (10-3-10-9 mol/l) on the expression of TM and EPCR in HUVECs were observed.	Nicotine	32-40	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	80-82
10667995-3	2000	In the present study, the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers on ethmoid nerve responses to nicotine and cyclohexanone were examined.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-69
29275566-8	2017	The relative expression of Prx1 and Ets1 was 0.71+-0.02, 0.12+-0.01 in nicotine group and 0.53+-0.06, 0.01+-0.01 in control group (P=0.009, P=0.000).	Nicotine	71-79	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
10667995-3	2000	In the present study, the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers on ethmoid nerve responses to nicotine and cyclohexanone were examined.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
10667995-8	2000	The magnitude of the response to nicotine decreased after the administration of the nAChR blockers dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide (DHBE) and mecamylamine hydrochloride.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
8952006-1	1996	The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nicotine and high-fat diets on gastrin and peptide YY (PYY) homeostasis in the rat.	Nicotine	58-66	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	89-96
29275566-8	2017	The relative expression of Prx1 and Ets1 was 0.71+-0.02, 0.12+-0.01 in nicotine group and 0.53+-0.06, 0.01+-0.01 in control group (P=0.009, P=0.000).	Nicotine	71-79	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	36-40
29275566-10	2017	The expression of Prx1 and Ets1 complex protein was increased in nicotine group.	Nicotine	65-73	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
8952006-1	1996	The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nicotine and high-fat diets on gastrin and peptide YY (PYY) homeostasis in the rat.	Nicotine	58-66	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
29275566-10	2017	The expression of Prx1 and Ets1 complex protein was increased in nicotine group.	Nicotine	65-73	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	27-31
8952006-5	1996	The results of this study indicate that nicotine treatment and fat diets can influence gastrin and PYY gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract.	Nicotine	40-48	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	87-94
8952006-5	1996	The results of this study indicate that nicotine treatment and fat diets can influence gastrin and PYY gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract.	Nicotine	40-48	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
10663434-7	2000	Furthermore, significant differences in the induction of nAChR binding by chronic (+)- and (-)-nicotine were detected in several brain regions.	Nicotine	91-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
29275566-11	2017	ChIP revealed that nicotine upregulated the combination of transcriptional factor Ets1 with PRDX1 gene promoter region, and the enrichment fold was 80.9+-19.7 in nicotine group and 13.8+-1.2 in control group (P=0.004).	Nicotine	19-27	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	82-86
11041268-1	2000	Recently we have shown that the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine both when administered systemically and locally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to chronically nicotine-treated rats reduces dopamine (DA) output in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) and elicits behavioral withdrawal signs.	Nicotine	184-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
29275566-11	2017	ChIP revealed that nicotine upregulated the combination of transcriptional factor Ets1 with PRDX1 gene promoter region, and the enrichment fold was 80.9+-19.7 in nicotine group and 13.8+-1.2 in control group (P=0.004).	Nicotine	19-27	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
10716232-1	1999	The present experiments were designed to extend previous work showing that acute intermittent (-)nicotine treatment upregulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) mRNA in several rat brain regions, by the use of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist ABT-594 with preferential selectivity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	228-260
10716232-1	1999	The present experiments were designed to extend previous work showing that acute intermittent (-)nicotine treatment upregulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) mRNA in several rat brain regions, by the use of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist ABT-594 with preferential selectivity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	262-267
29275566-11	2017	ChIP revealed that nicotine upregulated the combination of transcriptional factor Ets1 with PRDX1 gene promoter region, and the enrichment fold was 80.9+-19.7 in nicotine group and 13.8+-1.2 in control group (P=0.004).	Nicotine	162-170	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	82-86
10716232-1	1999	The present experiments were designed to extend previous work showing that acute intermittent (-)nicotine treatment upregulates the level of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) mRNA in several rat brain regions, by the use of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist ABT-594 with preferential selectivity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	335-340
29275566-11	2017	ChIP revealed that nicotine upregulated the combination of transcriptional factor Ets1 with PRDX1 gene promoter region, and the enrichment fold was 80.9+-19.7 in nicotine group and 13.8+-1.2 in control group (P=0.004).	Nicotine	162-170	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
10605940-0	1999	Effects of nerve growth factor and nicotine on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in PC12 cells.	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	65-97
10605940-1	1999	The neuroprotective effect of nicotine via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been reported in differentiated PC12 cells.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	43-75
29275566-16	2017	Conclusions: In oral precancerous lesion cells, Ets1 directly regulates Prx1 expression and nicotine might promote the development of oral precancerous lesion by magnifying the positive feedback signal pathway between Ets1 and Prx1.	Nicotine	92-100	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	218-222
10605940-1	1999	The neuroprotective effect of nicotine via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been reported in differentiated PC12 cells.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
29275566-16	2017	Conclusions: In oral precancerous lesion cells, Ets1 directly regulates Prx1 expression and nicotine might promote the development of oral precancerous lesion by magnifying the positive feedback signal pathway between Ets1 and Prx1.	Nicotine	92-100	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	227-231
10605940-2	1999	We examined the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and nicotine on the expressions of the nAChR subunits alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, beta3 and beta4, in PC12 cells using Northern blot analysis.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
10605940-7	1999	The results suggest that NGF changes the expression of nAChR in a subtype-specific manner over the course of the differentiation, and the disproportionate subunit expressions might be related to the neuroprotective effect exerted by nicotine.	Nicotine	233-241	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
29206881-1	2017	The alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is an attractive drug target for treating nicotine addiction because it is present at limited sites in the brain including the reward pathway.	Nicotine	102-110	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	4-10
10803206-6	1999	The alpha 4 nAChR is associated mainly with the beta 2 subunit, and may form a component of the nicotinic pain pathways modulating the antinociceptive effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	48-54
29206881-1	2017	The alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is an attractive drug target for treating nicotine addiction because it is present at limited sites in the brain including the reward pathway.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	45-50
10594333-5	1999	By contrast, nicotine reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (MNCs) and the formation of pits on slices of dentine, both of which are typical characteristics of osteoclasts.	Nicotine	13-21	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	76-111
10594333-5	1999	By contrast, nicotine reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (MNCs) and the formation of pits on slices of dentine, both of which are typical characteristics of osteoclasts.	Nicotine	13-21	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	113-117
29206881-3	2017	We found that dopaminergic cells from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) express lynx1 mRNA transcripts and, as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation, alpha6 receptors form stable complexes with lynx1 protein, although co-transfection with lynx1 did not affect nicotine-induced currents from cell lines transfected with alpha6 and beta2.	Nicotine	264-272	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	154-160
29206881-5	2017	Lynx1 removal reduced the alpha6 component of nicotine-mediated rubidium efflux and dopamine (DA) release from synaptosomal preparations with no effect on numbers of alpha6beta2 binding sites, indicating that lynx1 is functionally important for alpha6* nAChR activity.	Nicotine	46-54	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	26-32
29206881-5	2017	Lynx1 removal reduced the alpha6 component of nicotine-mediated rubidium efflux and dopamine (DA) release from synaptosomal preparations with no effect on numbers of alpha6beta2 binding sites, indicating that lynx1 is functionally important for alpha6* nAChR activity.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	245-258
10547086-10	1999	Thus nicotine gum may be considered a relatively safe drug in patients who need nicotine-replacement therapy to stop smoking.	Nicotine	80-88	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	14-17
10101239-8	1999	Nicotine and carbachol caused transient decreases in NT-3 mRNA levels in dentate gyrus and CA2 with pilocarpine showing a similar trend.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	91-94
28555334-8	2017	Moreover, prenatal nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of hippocampal glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), accompanied by a decreased methylation ratio within nt -1019 to -689 of the GAD67 promoter, decreased expression of Dnmt1, and an increased GABA content and density of GABAergic neurons.	Nicotine	19-27	DNA methyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	232-237
29117258-2	2017	One explanation for the variability and delay in disease onset is that nicotine, the addictive component of CS, acts through the ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 (alpha7) to modulate anti-inflammatory protection.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	140-172
29117258-2	2017	One explanation for the variability and delay in disease onset is that nicotine, the addictive component of CS, acts through the ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 (alpha7) to modulate anti-inflammatory protection.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	174-179
28444988-7	2017	The soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ and the small conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (Ca K+ ) channels blocker apamin significantly reduced the relaxation induced by OT, nicotine, sodium nitroprusside and the sGC activator BAY 41-2272.	Nicotine	179-187	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-28
28444988-7	2017	The soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ and the small conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (Ca K+ ) channels blocker apamin significantly reduced the relaxation induced by OT, nicotine, sodium nitroprusside and the sGC activator BAY 41-2272.	Nicotine	179-187	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
28882640-5	2017	Addition of nicotine to the PG/VG aerosols resulted in effects in line with nicotine effects observed in previous studies, including up-regulation of xenobiotic enzymes (Cyp1a1/Fmo3) in the lung and metabolic effects, such as reduced serum lipid concentrations and expression changes of hepatic metabolic enzymes.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-176
28882640-5	2017	Addition of nicotine to the PG/VG aerosols resulted in effects in line with nicotine effects observed in previous studies, including up-regulation of xenobiotic enzymes (Cyp1a1/Fmo3) in the lung and metabolic effects, such as reduced serum lipid concentrations and expression changes of hepatic metabolic enzymes.	Nicotine	12-20	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
28928157-8	2017	Furthermore nicotine treatment suppressed NF-kappaB activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and alpha-bungarotoxin (an alpha7-nAChR selective antagonist) partly inhibited the nicotine-treatment effect.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	139-151
28663092-6	2017	An application of nicotine significantly enhanced both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs): the former effect was mediated by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs while the latter one was mediated largely by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs and to a minor extent by activation of alpha7-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	18-26	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	348-354
28700952-0	2017	Nicotine facilitates nicotinic acetylcholine receptor targeting to mitochondria but makes them less susceptible to selective ligands.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	21-53
28700952-3	2017	Nicotine has been shown to favor nAChR pentamer assembly, folding, and maturation on the way of biosynthesis.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	33-38
28700952-8	2017	It was found that nicotine consumption increased the ratio of mitochondrial vs non-mitochondrial nAChRs in the liver, enhanced fucosylation of mitochondrial nAChRs, but prevented the binding of alpha-cobratoxin and the cytochrome c release-attenuating effects of nAChR-specific agonists, antagonists, or positive allosteric modulators.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	97-102
28700952-9	2017	It is concluded that nicotine consumption in vivo favors nAChR glycosylation and trafficking to mitochondria but makes them less susceptible to the effects of specific ligands.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	57-62
29088845-4	2017	In DOK cells, Prx1 knockdown and blocking alpha7nAChR activated apoptosis, and nicotine increased the expression of Prx1, alpha3nAChR and alpha7nAChR, and inhibited MAPK activation.	Nicotine	79-87	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	116-120
29088845-4	2017	In DOK cells, Prx1 knockdown and blocking alpha7nAChR activated apoptosis, and nicotine increased the expression of Prx1, alpha3nAChR and alpha7nAChR, and inhibited MAPK activation.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	138-149
29088845-5	2017	Moreover, nicotine suppressed apoptosis depending on Prx1 and alpha7nAChR in DOK cells.	Nicotine	10-18	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	53-57
29088845-5	2017	Moreover, nicotine suppressed apoptosis depending on Prx1 and alpha7nAChR in DOK cells.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-73
29088845-7	2017	4NQO plus nicotine suppressed MAPK activation in Prx1 wild-type mice but not in Prx1 knockdown mice.	Nicotine	10-18	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	49-53
29088845-8	2017	Our data demonstrate that nicotine inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes the growth of oral precancerous lesions via regulating alpha7nAChR/Prx1 during carcinogenesis of OSCC.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	127-138
29088845-8	2017	Our data demonstrate that nicotine inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes the growth of oral precancerous lesions via regulating alpha7nAChR/Prx1 during carcinogenesis of OSCC.	Nicotine	26-34	peroxiredoxin 1	Mus musculus	139-143
28892072-3	2017	Using a Finnish twin family sample, we have previously detected association between nicotine dependence and ERBB4 (a neuregulin receptor), and linkage for smoking initiation at the ERBB4 locus on 2q33.	Nicotine	84-92	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	108-113
28549967-9	2017	On the other hand, the activation of the dorsal hippocampal nAChRs by pre-test microinjection of nicotine (0.1-1microg/mouse, intra-CA1) improved amnesia induced by the co-administration of MDMD and ethanol.	Nicotine	97-105	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	132-135
28549967-10	2017	It is important to note that intra-CA1 microinjection of the same doses of MDMA or nicotine could not affect memory formation by itself.	Nicotine	83-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	35-38
28549967-11	2017	Pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of nicotine (0.3-0.9microg/mouse) could not reverse amnesia induced by pre-training administration of ethanol while this treatment enhanced MDMA response on ethanol state-dependent learning.	Nicotine	37-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	15-18
28779169-0	2017	Paternal nicotine exposure defines different behavior in subsequent generation via hyper-methylation of mmu-miR-15b.	Nicotine	9-17	microRNA 15b	Mus musculus	104-115
8937584-5	1996	We postulate that the combined effects of alcohol and smoking on GGT activity are a result of induction of the enzyme by both alcohol and nicotine.	Nicotine	138-146	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
8937855-6	1996	When the capability of microsomes of B-lymphoblastoid cells expressing human CYPs to perform biotransformation of nicotine to cotinine was determined, cDNA-expressed CYP2A6 exhibited the highest cotinine formation.	Nicotine	114-122	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	166-172
8937855-9	1996	Nicotine is a new in vivo probe for phenotyping of CYP2A6 in humans.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	51-57
28779169-4	2017	Further studies revealed that nicotine induced the down-regulation of mmu-miR-15b expression due to hyper-methylation in the CpG island shore region of mmu-miR-15b in both the spermatozoa of F0 mice and the brains of F1 mice.	Nicotine	30-38	microRNA 15b	Mus musculus	70-81
28779169-4	2017	Further studies revealed that nicotine induced the down-regulation of mmu-miR-15b expression due to hyper-methylation in the CpG island shore region of mmu-miR-15b in both the spermatozoa of F0 mice and the brains of F1 mice.	Nicotine	30-38	microRNA 15b	Mus musculus	152-163
28779169-8	2017	The behavioral phenotype of the F1 mice resulting from paternal nicotine exposure could be attenuated by viral manipulation of mmu-miR-15b in the thalamus.	Nicotine	64-72	microRNA 15b	Mus musculus	127-138
28853501-0	2017	[The effect of Toll-like receptor 4 in nicotine suppressing the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells].	Nicotine	39-47	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	15-35
8950089-0	1996	The reinforcing properties of nicotine are associated with a specific patterning of c-fos expression in the rat brain.	Nicotine	30-38	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
8950089-2	1996	The effect of nicotine self-administration on regional brain activity was studied by mapping changes of c-fos expression.	Nicotine	14-22	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
8950089-3	1996	Specific nicotine effects were determine by comparing the patterning of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-Ll) in nicotine self-administering rats with that in three different control groups.	Nicotine	9-17	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
28853501-1	2017	Objective To explore the impact of nicotine on proliferation and osteogenic capability of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in nicotine, suppressing the osteogenic capability of PDLSCs.	Nicotine	179-187	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	170-174
8950089-3	1996	Specific nicotine effects were determine by comparing the patterning of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-Ll) in nicotine self-administering rats with that in three different control groups.	Nicotine	9-17	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
28853501-11	2017	Conclusion Nicotine suppresses the proliferation and osteogenic capability of PDLSCs, which may be regulated by TLR4.	Nicotine	11-19	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
8950089-3	1996	Specific nicotine effects were determine by comparing the patterning of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-Ll) in nicotine self-administering rats with that in three different control groups.	Nicotine	110-118	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
29038792-0	2017	Neuroanatomical Relationships between Orexin/Hypocretin-Containing Neurons/Nerve Fibers and Nicotine-Induced c-Fos-Activated Cells of the Reward-Addiction Neurocircuitry.	Nicotine	92-100	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	109-114
8950089-3	1996	Specific nicotine effects were determine by comparing the patterning of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-Ll) in nicotine self-administering rats with that in three different control groups.	Nicotine	110-118	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
29038792-3	2017	In the present study in mice, we first used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to identify CNS cells stimulated by an acute single injection of nicotine (NIC, 2 mg/kg, IP).	Nicotine	136-144	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	44-49
8950089-6	1996	Nicotine self-administration, exposure to saline and food restriction increased Fos-Ll in 43, 33 and three brain regions, respectively, when compared with the control group fed ad libitum.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
29038792-3	2017	In the present study in mice, we first used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to identify CNS cells stimulated by an acute single injection of nicotine (NIC, 2 mg/kg, IP).	Nicotine	146-149	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	44-49
28454738-4	2017	Rat brain, but not liver, CYP2D activity was irreversibly inhibited with intracerebral propranolol and/or induced by seven days of subcutaneous nicotine pre-treatment.	Nicotine	144-152	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	26-31
8692752-1	1996	A 43-year-old high-level athlete used nicotine gum to stop his smoking habit.	Nicotine	38-46	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	47-50
8692752-2	1996	Later, use of nicotine gum was directly related to improved sports performance.	Nicotine	14-22	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	23-26
28347687-0	2017	Effects of chronic inhalation of electronic cigarettes containing nicotine on glial glutamate transporters and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in female CD-1 mice.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	111-151
9925041-5	1999	This study provides preliminary evidence that the SLC6A3 gene may influence smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	99-107	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	50-56
27613897-9	2017	Results: Chronic nicotine administration or its withdrawal reduced lipid peroxidation and MPO activity and prevented GSH depletion with some varying results in different target tissues.	Nicotine	17-25	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
10503950-4	1999	We showed here that nicotine blocked multiple types of K+ currents, including the native currents in canine ventricular myocytes and the cloned channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes: A-type K+ currents (I(to)/Kv4.3), delayed rectifier K+ currents (I(Kr)/HERG) and inward rectifier K+ currents (I(K1)/Kir2.1).	Nicotine	20-28	potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	209-214
10503950-5	1999	Most noticeably, nicotine at a concentration as low as of 10 nM significantly suppressed I(to) and Kv4.3 by approximately 20%.	Nicotine	17-25	potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	99-104
8728564-0	1996	Expression of Fos protein in various rat brain areas following acute nicotine and diazepam.	Nicotine	69-77	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
27613897-10	2017	Nicotine injection prior to sepsis depressed MPO activity in all tissues and reduced MDA levels except for the lung, while GSH levels were elevated only in the hepatic and ileal tissues.	Nicotine	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
8728564-1	1996	We studied the effects of an acute dose of (-)-nicotine (1 mg/kg) on Fos-like immunostaining (IS) in rat brain areas.	Nicotine	43-55	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
27613897-15	2017	When nicotine was withdrawn for 5 days, its inhibitory effect on MPO activity was still present in all the tissues except for the liver.	Nicotine	5-13	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
8728564-2	1996	Nicotine increased Fos IS significantly in the medial terminal nucleus of accessory optic tract (MT), and tended to increase it in the interpeduncular nucleus (i.p.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
8728564-4	1996	Previously nicotine was reported to increase Fos IS also in another stress-related area, the central nucleus of amygdala (ACe).	Nicotine	11-19	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
9885785-3	1999	Nicotine increases the proliferation of pulmonary neuroendocrine tissue, causing the release of a bombesin-like peptide.	Nicotine	0-8	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	98-106
11768168-6	1999	Experiments using mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR have shown that binding of nicotine to receptors containing this subunit is the first step in a pathway leading to increased dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopamine system, and ultimately to the behavioral effects of nicotine in a test of nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	89-97	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	35-40
28591584-0	2017	Dorsal-CA1 Hippocampal Neuronal Ensembles Encode Nicotine-Reward Contextual Associations.	Nicotine	49-57	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	7-10
11768168-6	1999	Experiments using mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR have shown that binding of nicotine to receptors containing this subunit is the first step in a pathway leading to increased dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopamine system, and ultimately to the behavioral effects of nicotine in a test of nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	282-290	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	35-40
11768168-6	1999	Experiments using mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR have shown that binding of nicotine to receptors containing this subunit is the first step in a pathway leading to increased dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopamine system, and ultimately to the behavioral effects of nicotine in a test of nicotine reinforcement.	Nicotine	282-290	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	35-40
11768168-7	1999	Mice deficient in various alpha subunits of the nAChR will identify the partners of beta2 mediating the addictive properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	84-89
11768189-2	1999	CYP2A6 is the enzyme responsible for the majority of the inactivation of nicotine in humans.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
11768189-8	1999	We also discuss recent findings which suggest that mimicking this gene defect by inhibiting CYP2A6 decreases nicotine metabolism and smoking.	Nicotine	109-117	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
11768189-9	1999	Further research is needed in order to improve our understanding of how genetic variation in CYP2A6 alters the risk for nicotine dependence and lowers nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	120-128	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
11768189-9	1999	Further research is needed in order to improve our understanding of how genetic variation in CYP2A6 alters the risk for nicotine dependence and lowers nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
8593811-4	1996	Nicotine also elicited a dose-dependent increase in cFos expression in the TH+ neurons of the NTS, with C2 more sensitive than A2.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
8593811-6	1996	Fourth ventricular mecamylamine completely blocked nicotine-induced cFos expression throughout the NTS, as well as the PVN.	Nicotine	51-59	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
28591584-5	2017	Our findings increase our understanding of CA1 hippocampal function in general and as it relates to reward processing by identifying a critical role for CA1 neuronal ensembles in nicotine place preference.	Nicotine	179-187	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	43-46
8584207-4	1995	Microinfusion of nicotinic agonist, nicotine, to the SON also induced Fos expression, but mainly in the vasopressin neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
28591584-5	2017	Our findings increase our understanding of CA1 hippocampal function in general and as it relates to reward processing by identifying a critical role for CA1 neuronal ensembles in nicotine place preference.	Nicotine	179-187	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	153-156
28279662-4	2017	Activation of the homomeric alpha7 nAChR reduces nicotine"s rewarding properties in conditioned place preference (CPP) test and i.v.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-40
7494448-6	1995	Nicotine administration by injection increased the phosphorylation of CREB and induced c-Fos protein without affecting members of the jun family.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
9890606-0	1999	Persistent c-fos induction by nicotine in developing rat brain regions: interaction with hypoxia.	Nicotine	30-38	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
9890606-2	1999	We administered nicotine to pregnant rats throughout gestation and neonatal brains were examined for expression of c-fos, a nuclear transcription factor involved in differentiation and cell death.	Nicotine	16-24	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
28279662-7	2017	The present study investigated PPARalpha as a possible mediator of the effect of alpha7 nAChR activation in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	108-116	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	81-93
9890606-3	1999	The nicotine group showed persistent c-fos overexpression in the forebrain long after termination of exposure; in the brainstem, overexpression was apparent both after birth and at the end of the second postnatal week.	Nicotine	4-12	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
9890606-6	1999	Hypoxia evoked acute stimulation of c-fos with a regional selectivity and ontogenetic profile differing from those of prenatal nicotine and this acute response was reduced by prenatal nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	184-192	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
28279662-8	2017	Our results demonstrate the PPARalpha antagonist GW6471 blocks actions of the alpha7 nAChR agonist PNU282987 on nicotine reward in an unbiased CPP test in male ICR adult mice.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	78-90
9890606-7	1999	Persistent c-fos elevation is a harbinger of cell death, a relationship that provides an underlying mechanism for eventual cell deficits that appear after fetal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	161-169	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
28279662-9	2017	These findings suggests that alpha7 nAChR activation attenuates nicotine CPP in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	29-41
9890606-8	1999	Nicotine"s interference with the acute c-fos stimulation caused by a subsequent episode of hypoxia may indicate a further compromise of cellular repair mechanisms.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
8523413-10	1995	In BCC, nicotine (1-10 mumol/l) evoked a release of NE and NPY and a transient rise of [Ca2+]i (determined with fura-2) during normoxia which were both dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium.	Nicotine	8-16	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	59-62
28243714-0	2017	Nicotine withdrawal-induced inattention is absent in alpha7 nAChR knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	53-65
28243714-6	2017	Experiment 2 used 14 and 40 mg kg-1 day-1 nicotine treatment in alpha7 nAChR knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) littermates tested 4 h after pump removal.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	71-76
9827545-2	1998	The role of CYP2A6 for nicotine elimination was emphasised recently by the finding that smokers carrying defective CYP2A6 alleles consumed fewer cigarettes [Pianezza et al.	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
9808692-12	1998	Unequivocal evidence that the receptor that modulates nicotine-stimulated [3H]-GABA release contains a beta2 subunit was obtained in a study using wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous beta2 null mutant mice.	Nicotine	54-62	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	103-108
7472323-5	1995	At a membrane potential of -60 mV, nAChR currents were observed above a concentration of approximately 100 mM nicotine.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
28243714-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: The alpha7 nAChR may underlie nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in target detection but is not required for response disinhibition deficits.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	17-29
27737762-9	2017	Mature dendritic spines on CA1 pyramidal hippocampal neurons decreased 4 days after the precipitation of nicotine withdrawal, when the cognitive deficits were still present.	Nicotine	105-113	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	27-30
7472323-7	1995	The concentration of nicotine required for half-maximal nAChR activation was estimated as 77 microM from a complete concentration-response curve.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
9874095-8	1998	The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine, the muscarinic antagonist atropine, and the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 each blocked nicotine-induced dopamine release in the accumbens, indicating the participation of more than a single receptor system in the nicotine-induced effect.	Nicotine	138-146	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	83-106
9874095-8	1998	The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine, the muscarinic antagonist atropine, and the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 each blocked nicotine-induced dopamine release in the accumbens, indicating the participation of more than a single receptor system in the nicotine-induced effect.	Nicotine	264-272	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	83-106
28187919-10	2017	Taken together these data first demonstrate that a D3R-nAChR heteromer is present in DA neurons and represents the functional unit mediating the neurotrophic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	169-177	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	55-60
9832189-4	1998	Both Ach and nicotine produced NO signals ranging from 0.04 to 2.14 microM in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus that lasted for 2-5 min.	Nicotine	13-21	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
27789755-6	2017	These included NACHO, SPDYE11, TCF4, and ZC3H12A, all of which increased PNU-120596-mediated nicotine-dependent calcium flux.	Nicotine	93-101	zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A	Homo sapiens	41-48
28197102-7	2017	These results indicate that vagal nerve plays an important role in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect in viral myocarditis, and that cholinergic stimulation with nicotine also plays its peripheral anti-inflammatory role relying on alpha7nAChR, without requirement for the integrity of vagal nerve in the model.	Nicotine	166-174	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	235-246
9865482-9	1998	In the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the LDH activities returned to control value in 24 h with all concentrations of (-)-, (+)-, and (+/-)-nicotine.	Nicotine	168-176	catalase	Cricetulus griseus	50-58
9865482-9	1998	In the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the LDH activities returned to control value in 24 h with all concentrations of (-)-, (+)-, and (+/-)-nicotine.	Nicotine	168-176	catalase	Cricetulus griseus	60-63
7791118-5	1995	The nAChR agonists, (-)-nicotine, (-)-cytisine and (+/-)-epibatidine, displayed a high affinity (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.1, 0.2 +/- 0.1 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 nM, respectively) for [3H]ABT-418 binding sites, whereas among nAChR antagonists examined, only dihydro-beta-erythroidine competed with high affinity (Ki = 32 +/- 1.5 nM).	Nicotine	20-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
7791118-5	1995	The nAChR agonists, (-)-nicotine, (-)-cytisine and (+/-)-epibatidine, displayed a high affinity (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.1, 0.2 +/- 0.1 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 nM, respectively) for [3H]ABT-418 binding sites, whereas among nAChR antagonists examined, only dihydro-beta-erythroidine competed with high affinity (Ki = 32 +/- 1.5 nM).	Nicotine	20-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
9610925-3	1998	The discrimination of lower ethanol doses was enhanced by either the GABA(A) receptor positive modulator, diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, nicotine (0.3 mg/kg).	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	131-163
28123473-7	2017	Furthermore, the effects of nicotine exposure were correlated with changes in sirtuins type 1 (SIRT1) protein expression.	Nicotine	28-36	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	95-100
28123473-8	2017	The current study indicated that long-term nicotine exposure induces dysfunction and senescence of EPCs, which may be associated with impairment of telomerase activity through SIRT1 downregulation.	Nicotine	43-51	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	176-181
9568854-7	1998	Changes in ERPF induced by nicotine were positively correlated with changes in urinary cyclic GMP.	Nicotine	27-35	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	94-97
9568854-8	1998	CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that nicotine administration is associated with renal vasoconstriction in healthy non-smokers, possibly through alteration of a cyclic-GMP-dependent vasoactive mechanism.	Nicotine	42-50	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	172-175
27984197-0	2017	Chronic nicotine treatment decreases LPS signaling through NF-kappaB and TLR-4 modulation in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	8-16	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
27984197-5	2017	The results indicated that chronic nicotine administration (0.1mg/kg, s.c., 14days) inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear binding of NF-kappaB and mRNA expression levels of Tnf, Il1b, Nos2, and Tlr4.	Nicotine	35-43	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	190-194
9695129-0	1998	Effects of chronic nicotine treatment and withdrawal on hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin gene expression and neuroendocrine regulation.	Nicotine	19-27	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	69-88
9695129-7	1998	Chronic daily nicotine administration induced significant changes in serum corticosterone, serum prolactin, MBH TH mRNA, and MBH POMC mRNA concentrations that tended to persist through day 3 of withdrawal; serum prolactin and MBH POMC mRNA concentrations were suppressed whereas serum corticosterone and MBH TH mRNA concentrations were stimulated.	Nicotine	14-22	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
27976742-0	2016	Increased Fetal Thymocytes Apoptosis Contributes to Prenatal Nicotine Exposure-induced Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Male Offspring Mice.	Nicotine	61-69	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	91-94
9695129-7	1998	Chronic daily nicotine administration induced significant changes in serum corticosterone, serum prolactin, MBH TH mRNA, and MBH POMC mRNA concentrations that tended to persist through day 3 of withdrawal; serum prolactin and MBH POMC mRNA concentrations were suppressed whereas serum corticosterone and MBH TH mRNA concentrations were stimulated.	Nicotine	14-22	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	230-234
9695129-10	1998	These results suggest that chronic nicotine inhibited POMC gene expression and thus, probably, biosynthesis of beta-endorphin and other opiomelanocortins.	Nicotine	35-43	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
9453571-4	1998	The period from P8 to P16 was chosen due to persistent changes that occur in brain nAChRs and in the behavior of adult mice that received (-)-nicotine treatment during P10 to P16.	Nicotine	142-150	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
9453571-5	1998	(-)-Nicotine exposure from P1 to P21 significantly up-regulated the number of [3H]epibatidine and high-affinity (-)-[3H]nicotine binding sites in most of the brain regions studied but did not influence the number of [3H]alpha-Bgt binding sites.	Nicotine	4-12	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	33-36
9453571-5	1998	(-)-Nicotine exposure from P1 to P21 significantly up-regulated the number of [3H]epibatidine and high-affinity (-)-[3H]nicotine binding sites in most of the brain regions studied but did not influence the number of [3H]alpha-Bgt binding sites.	Nicotine	120-128	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	33-36
27976742-2	2016	This study was designed to investigate the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on the balance of Th1/Th2 in offspring, and further explore the developmental origin mechanisms from the perspective of fetal thymocytes apoptosis.	Nicotine	63-71	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	109-112
9453571-7	1998	(-)-Nicotine exposure during P8 to P16 resulted in a significant and long-lasting increase in the number of nAChR isoforms labeled by (-)-[3H]nicotine, but not by [3H]epibatidine, in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of adult rat.	Nicotine	0-12	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
9453571-7	1998	(-)-Nicotine exposure during P8 to P16 resulted in a significant and long-lasting increase in the number of nAChR isoforms labeled by (-)-[3H]nicotine, but not by [3H]epibatidine, in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of adult rat.	Nicotine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
27638450-8	2016	Interestingly, these nocifensive behavior alterations and differential responses to nicotine antinociceptive effects in BTBR mice were associated with significant downregulation of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, beta3, and beta4 nAChR subunits in several cerebral regions both, during embryonic development and adulthood.	Nicotine	84-92	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	231-236
27638450-8	2016	Interestingly, these nocifensive behavior alterations and differential responses to nicotine antinociceptive effects in BTBR mice were associated with significant downregulation of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, beta3, and beta4 nAChR subunits in several cerebral regions both, during embryonic development and adulthood.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	237-242
27660076-2	2016	In rodent models of smoking during pregnancy, early postnatal nicotine exposure results in impaired long-term hippocampus-dependent memory, functional loss of alpha2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha2* nAChRs) in oriens-lacunosum moleculare (OLM) cells, increased CA1 network excitation, and unexpected facilitation of long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses.	Nicotine	62-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	282-285
9680263-1	1998	Exposure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to brief pulses of nicotine results in the stimulation of dopamine release, whereas prolonged treatment with low concentrations of nicotine (approximately 10 nM) produces a reversible blockade of a subsequent nicotine challenge as a result of nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
9680263-1	1998	Exposure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to brief pulses of nicotine results in the stimulation of dopamine release, whereas prolonged treatment with low concentrations of nicotine (approximately 10 nM) produces a reversible blockade of a subsequent nicotine challenge as a result of nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
27660076-2	2016	In rodent models of smoking during pregnancy, early postnatal nicotine exposure results in impaired long-term hippocampus-dependent memory, functional loss of alpha2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha2* nAChRs) in oriens-lacunosum moleculare (OLM) cells, increased CA1 network excitation, and unexpected facilitation of long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses.	Nicotine	62-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	389-392
9680263-1	1998	Exposure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to brief pulses of nicotine results in the stimulation of dopamine release, whereas prolonged treatment with low concentrations of nicotine (approximately 10 nM) produces a reversible blockade of a subsequent nicotine challenge as a result of nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
9680263-4	1998	Brief (12 s) exposure to 30 microM nicotine, or longer exposure (&gt; or = 5 min) to 0.3 microM nicotine produced a long-lasting decrease in nAChR function with an apparent IC50 of 0.7 microM.	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
27768301-2	2016	(S)-Nicotine and (S)-6-chloronicotine derivatives were cross-coupled with the corresponding amides 6-10 at the C-4 position of the pyridine ring via copper(I)-mediated reactions.	Nicotine	0-12	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-114
9680263-4	1998	Brief (12 s) exposure to 30 microM nicotine, or longer exposure (&gt; or = 5 min) to 0.3 microM nicotine produced a long-lasting decrease in nAChR function with an apparent IC50 of 0.7 microM.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
9680263-8	1998	These results indicate that high concentrations of nicotine can produce a long-lasting nAChR inactivation which can be distinguished from reversible nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
9680263-8	1998	These results indicate that high concentrations of nicotine can produce a long-lasting nAChR inactivation which can be distinguished from reversible nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
27768301-3	2016	Derivatives 16-18 were also obtained via copper(II)-mediated reactions from (S)-nicotine containing a C-4 boronic acid pinacol ester group.	Nicotine	76-88	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-105
27768301-4	2016	The optimization of reaction conditions for both routes provided a useful method for preparing C-4 amide-containing nicotine analogs.	Nicotine	116-124	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	95-98
27312847-6	2016	Nicotine-induced NET formation is mediated via nicotine acetylcholine receptors, depends on Akt and PAD4 activation, but is Nox2-independent, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 and by use of Nox2-deficient mouse neutrophils.	Nicotine	0-8	MMTV LTR integration site 4	Mus musculus	100-104
9366473-6	1997	RESULTS: Nicotine induced the rapidly decaying inward current at -60 mV, which exhibited the characteristics of the neuronal nAchR-mediated current.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
9549051-9	1997	CNA CRH neurons were most responsive and were maximally stimulated by the low dose of nicotine (62% of CRH neurons were cFos+, compared to 10-27% of the CRH population in other regions, including the PVN).	Nicotine	86-94	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
27596561-8	2016	These results demonstrate the existence of diverse functional nAChR subtypes at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in LHb, through which nicotine could facilitate or inhibit LHb neuronal activity and thus contribute to nicotine aversion or reward.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-67
27596561-8	2016	These results demonstrate the existence of diverse functional nAChR subtypes at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in LHb, through which nicotine could facilitate or inhibit LHb neuronal activity and thus contribute to nicotine aversion or reward.	Nicotine	219-227	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-67
27238974-7	2016	Mecamylamine and the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not the alpha7 antagonist methyllycaconitine, antagonized the hypothermic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	166-174	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	33-38
26553320-10	2016	Compared with the monoculture, MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21 in supernatant of cocultures were markedly elevated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
27259998-2	2016	Previously, we found that nicotine up-regulates peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), an important antioxidant enzyme, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in OSCC cells.	Nicotine	26-34	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
27259998-7	2016	Prx1 silencing suppressed the nicotine-induced EMT, cell invasion and migration in SCC15 cells in vitro.	Nicotine	30-38	peroxiredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27025229-2	2016	At this early age, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine is known to critically disrupt rSNA at low concentrations (0.1-0.5muM), which are levels that mimic the blood plasma levels of a fetus following maternal cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	72-80	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
27025229-3	2016	Thus, we quantified the effect of persistent exposure to exogenous nicotine on rSNA using an in vitro developmental model.	Nicotine	67-75	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
27025229-4	2016	We found that rSNA was eliminated by continuous bath application of exogenous nicotine, but rSNA recovered activity within 6-12h despite the persistent activation and desensitization of nAChRs.	Nicotine	78-86	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
25904345-3	2016	We report on the effects of psychostimulants [cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and nicotine], ethanol, and opioids on NPY protein levels and expression of different NPY receptors.	Nicotine	130-138	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	165-168
25904345-6	2016	For example methamphetamine and nicotine lead to a consistent increase in NPY mRNA and protein levels in different brain sites whereas ethanol and opioids decrease NPY mRNA and protein expression.	Nicotine	32-40	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	74-77
25904345-9	2016	NPY can produce pro-addictive effects (nicotine and heroin), but can also exert inhibitory effects on addictive behavior (AMPH, ethanol).	Nicotine	39-47	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	0-3
26965141-5	2016	Neutrophils of female mice after chronic nicotine consumption acquired sensitivity to nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	86-91
27355804-6	2016	RESULTS: Two SNPs in NRXN1 and two in CHRNA5 were associated with cigarette consumption, while rs10865246/C (NRXN1) was associated with high nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	141-149	neurexin 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
27327258-4	2016	Besides the CHRNA4, CHRNB2 and CHRNA5/A3/B4 cluster on chromosome 15, which has been investigated intensively, recent evidence from both genome-wide association studies and candidate gene-based association studies has revealed the crucial roles of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster on chromosome 8 in nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	298-306	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	252-258
26867505-3	2016	Here, we investigated how nicotine contributes to the disruption of stabilized LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Nicotine	26-34	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
27228072-0	2016	Nicotine-Mediated Regulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma by E2F1 and STAT1 Transcription Factors.	Nicotine	0-8	E2F transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	107-111
27228072-3	2016	This nicotine-mediated tumor progression is facilitated through activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), specifically the alpha7 subunit; however, how the alpha7 nAChR gene is regulated in lung adenocarcinoma is not fully clear.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	172-184
27228072-5	2016	Treatment of cells with nicotine induced the mRNA and protein levels of alpha7 nAChR; this could be abrogated by treatment with inhibitors targeting Src, PI3K, MEK, alpha7 nAChR, CDK4/6 or a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 interaction.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	72-84
26728894-4	2016	RESULTS: Many behavioral and neurochemical effects of nicotine that are related to its addictive potential are reduced by pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of type-1 cannabinoid receptors, inhibition of endocannabinoid uptake or metabolic degradation, and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha.	Nicotine	54-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	281-329
7480515-1	1995	Previous studies have established that ABT-418 [(S)-3-methyl-5-(1 methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole hydrochloride] is a novel neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand with cognitive enhancing and anxiolytic-like activity 3- to 10-fold more potent than (-)-nicotine in rodents.	Nicotine	266-278	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-165
26786889-7	2016	These results suggest that nicotine inhibits the expression of TSLP by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB through the alpha7 nAChR-PI3K-AMPK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	123-135
27028622-12	2016	While nicotine treatment increased the expression of phosphorylated cdc2 and histone H3, a marker of G2/M phase arrest, hexamethonium and Bay 11-7082 pretreatment reduced their expression.	Nicotine	6-14	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
26520239-5	2016	After nicotine administration, there was a positive shift in correlation of mass/charge peak expression levels with substance P and proenkephalin A (218-228).	Nicotine	6-14	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	116-127
7720103-4	1995	In both cases, the majority of evidence points to adult human liver FMO3 as the principal enzyme responsible for cimetidine S-oxygenation and (S)-nicotine N-1"-oxygenation in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	142-154	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	68-72
7720103-6	1995	Further, that adult human liver cDNA-expressed FMO3 in Escherichia coli also gave the same absolute stereoselectivity (i.e. for (S)-nicotine N-1"-oxygenation) confirms the identity of the monoxygenase in vivo.	Nicotine	128-140	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
26773049-5	2016	Using Caenorhabditis elegans, an exemplary model organism with substance dose-dependent responses similar to mammals, we demonstrate that HSF-1 altered sensitivity to both alcohol and nicotine.	Nicotine	184-192	Heat shock transcription factor hsf-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	138-143
9272482-0	1997	Chronic nicotine enhances basal and nicotine-induced Fos immunoreactivity preferentially in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat.	Nicotine	8-16	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9272482-0	1997	Chronic nicotine enhances basal and nicotine-induced Fos immunoreactivity preferentially in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat.	Nicotine	36-44	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9387186-0	1997	Nicotine enhances expression of the alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, and alpha 7 nicotinic receptors modulating calcium metabolism and regulating adhesion and motility of respiratory epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-61
10072915-1	1997	AIM: To analyze the kinetic properties of the effect of nicotine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the cultured sympathetic neurons from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG).	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-101
10072915-1	1997	AIM: To analyze the kinetic properties of the effect of nicotine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the cultured sympathetic neurons from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG).	Nicotine	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
7624037-1	1995	Nicotine stimulates the release of several neurotransmitters from brain tissue by acting on presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	104-137
7624037-1	1995	Nicotine stimulates the release of several neurotransmitters from brain tissue by acting on presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
10072915-4	1997	RESULTS: Hill coefficient (1.097) was determined by fitting the nicotine responses of neuronal nAChR with Clark equation.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
26992678-7	2016	RESULTS: Nicotine suppresses LPS-stimulated placental proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) production except IL-17 in vitro, and reduces leucocytes infiltration in the placental chorionic plate caused by LPS in vivo.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
10072915-6	1997	CONCLUSIONS: Interaction of nicotine and nAChR in rat SCG fits a single binding site model.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
9221946-7	1997	Nicotine significantly increased c-Fos expression in a dose-dependent manner in the brainstem regions examined.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
26992678-7	2016	RESULTS: Nicotine suppresses LPS-stimulated placental proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) production except IL-17 in vitro, and reduces leucocytes infiltration in the placental chorionic plate caused by LPS in vivo.	Nicotine	9-17	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	110-119
9197282-1	1997	To understand the molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction, we examined the mRNA level of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and that of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes by long-term nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	176-181
7740554-10	1995	Red cell SOD activity in the nicotine-treated SHR was lower than in the SHR-controls.	Nicotine	29-37	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
26499267-0	2016	Intrauterine low-functional programming of IGF1 by prenatal nicotine exposure mediates the susceptibility to osteoarthritis in female adult rat offspring.	Nicotine	60-68	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
9197282-1	1997	To understand the molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction, we examined the mRNA level of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and that of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes by long-term nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	176-181
8930570-9	1996	RESULTS: Treatment with nicotine caused a significant inhibition of IL-10 production by NAC.	Nicotine	24-32	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	68-73
8930570-11	1996	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine in vivo has an inhibitory effect on TH2 cell function as measured by inhibition of IL-10 production, but does not appear to have any effect on TH1 cell function.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	105-110
9023586-0	1996	The effect of nicotine on murine CD4 T cell responses.	Nicotine	14-22	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	33-36
9023586-5	1996	Exposure to nicotine decreased the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing both CD28 and CTLA-4 and decreased the intensity of CD28 expression.	Nicotine	12-20	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	49-52
9023586-5	1996	Exposure to nicotine decreased the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing both CD28 and CTLA-4 and decreased the intensity of CD28 expression.	Nicotine	12-20	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	Mus musculus	87-93
9023586-8	1996	Thus, exposure of T cells to physiological concentrations of STE or nicotine can alter the T cell expression of CD28 and CTLA-4, and the CD4 T cell cytokine expression pattern.	Nicotine	68-76	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	Mus musculus	121-127
26499267-7	2016	The result of chondrocytes revealed that nicotine impeded the expression of Col2A1, aggrecan, and IGF1; blocking alpha4beta2-nAChR rescued nicotine"s suppression.	Nicotine	41-49	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	76-82
9023586-8	1996	Thus, exposure of T cells to physiological concentrations of STE or nicotine can alter the T cell expression of CD28 and CTLA-4, and the CD4 T cell cytokine expression pattern.	Nicotine	68-76	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	137-140
26499267-7	2016	The result of chondrocytes revealed that nicotine impeded the expression of Col2A1, aggrecan, and IGF1; blocking alpha4beta2-nAChR rescued nicotine"s suppression.	Nicotine	41-49	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
26499267-8	2016	In conclusion, PNE increases the susceptibility of adult offspring to OA; the potential mechanism involves IGF1 low-functional programming in articular cartilage caused directly by the action of nicotine on alpha4beta2-nAChR.	Nicotine	195-203	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
8832655-3	1996	It was observed that chronic nicotine treatment (10 days) significantly increased the immunolabeling of the total PLC-beta 1, which was due to an increase in the immunolabeling of both the membranal and the cytosolic PLC-beta 1 isozyme in the rat cortex.	Nicotine	29-37	phospholipase C beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
26833182-5	2016	This variant is in high linkage disequilibrium with a known functional variant in the UGT2B10 gene which is associated with reduced nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation activity, but intriguingly is not associated with nicotine intake.	Nicotine	132-140	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	86-93
8832655-3	1996	It was observed that chronic nicotine treatment (10 days) significantly increased the immunolabeling of the total PLC-beta 1, which was due to an increase in the immunolabeling of both the membranal and the cytosolic PLC-beta 1 isozyme in the rat cortex.	Nicotine	29-37	phospholipase C beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
8904774-1	1996	The predominant nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype in brain binds nicotine with high affinity and has an alpha 4:beta 2 subunit stoichiometry of 2:3.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-48
8904774-1	1996	The predominant nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype in brain binds nicotine with high affinity and has an alpha 4:beta 2 subunit stoichiometry of 2:3.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
26740650-11	2016	Thus, nicotine, at a concentration too low to activate an appreciable fraction of plasma membrane nAChRs, induces two sequelae of pharmacological chaperoning in the ER: UPR suppression and nAChR upregulation.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	98-103
8764371-0	1996	Chronic nicotine and mecamylamine treatment increase brain nicotinic receptor binding without changing alpha 4 or beta 2 mRNA levels.	Nicotine	8-16	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	59-120
26729714-0	2016	Nicotine Dehydrogenase Complexed with 6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine Oxidase Involved in the Hybrid Nicotine-Degrading Pathway in Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33.	Nicotine	0-8	hydroxyacid dehydrogenase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	9-22
8849326-9	1995	Similar results were observed following chronic nicotine exposure of cultured cortical cells from fetal rat brain or cells transfected with the alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
26729714-3	2016	Here, we purified the nicotine dehydrogenase initializing the nicotine degradation from the strain and found that it forms a complex with a novel 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine oxidase.	Nicotine	22-30	hydroxyacid dehydrogenase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	31-44
27363715-7	2016	Nicotine and tobacco constituents induced MMPs: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-12 but with different levels of consistency.	Nicotine	0-8	metalloendoproteinase 2-MMP-like	Nicotiana tabacum	48-53
26597895-2	2015	Here, we tested the hypothesis that this nicotine effect is modulated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or heme oxygenase (HO) and their downstream soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling.	Nicotine	41-49	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-174
26597895-2	2015	Here, we tested the hypothesis that this nicotine effect is modulated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or heme oxygenase (HO) and their downstream soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling.	Nicotine	41-49	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
26597895-10	2015	Overall, NOS/HO interruption underlies baroreflex dysfunction caused by nicotine in female rats and the facilitation of NOS/HO-coupled sGC/PI3K/MAPKERK signaling might rectify the nicotine effect.	Nicotine	180-188	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
26373814-1	2015	AIMS: Since epidemiologic studies suggest that tobacco smoke toxins, e.g. the nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) tobacco-specific nitrosamine, can be a co-factor in alcohol-related brain disease (ARBD), we examined the independent and additive effects of alcohol and NNK exposures on spatial learning/memory, and brain insulin/IGF signaling, neuronal function and oxidative stress.	Nicotine	78-86	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	334-337
26397391-7	2015	In addition, the present study showed that nicotine-stimulated alpha7 nAChR activation led to a significant downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NK-kappaB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	63-75
26507386-2	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effects of nicotine, an alpha7 nAChR agonist, in murine model of viral myocarditis.	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	82-94
26474621-8	2015	In HUVECs, the expressions of CCL-8, Vcam-1, VLA4alpha, OX40 and OX40L were significantly up-regulated by nicotine and P.g-LPS combination compared with nicotine alone, P.g-LPS alone and the untreated control.	Nicotine	106-114	TNF superfamily member 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
26220977-5	2015	Of the eight cis-meQTL SNPs, only the intronic CHRNB4 SNP rs11636753 was associated with CHRNA5 methylation independently of the known SNP effects in prefrontal cortex, and it was the most significantly associated SNP with nicotine dependence across five independent cohorts (total N = 7858 European ancestry and 3238 AA participants): P = 6.7 x 10(-4), odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.11 (1.05-1.18).	Nicotine	223-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-53
25393899-0	2015	Role of resistin in the inflammatory response induced by nicotine plus lipopolysaccharide in human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.	Nicotine	57-65	resistin	Homo sapiens	8-16
25393899-3	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of resistin and to assess whether resistin expression influences the levels of inflammatory cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and MMPs in human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) stimulated with both nicotine and LPS.	Nicotine	65-73	resistin	Homo sapiens	124-132
25393899-8	2015	RESULTS: Treatment with nicotine plus LPS up-regulated the expression of resistin mRNA and the production of resistin protein in PDLCs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	24-32	resistin	Homo sapiens	73-81
25393899-8	2015	RESULTS: Treatment with nicotine plus LPS up-regulated the expression of resistin mRNA and the production of resistin protein in PDLCs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	24-32	resistin	Homo sapiens	109-117
25393899-10	2015	Furthermore, pretreatment with isoproterenol or resistin-specific siRNA blocked nicotine plus LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, beta-catenin, p38, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB.	Nicotine	80-88	resistin	Homo sapiens	48-56
25393899-10	2015	Furthermore, pretreatment with isoproterenol or resistin-specific siRNA blocked nicotine plus LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, beta-catenin, p38, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB.	Nicotine	80-88	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	180-192
26096224-3	2015	METHODS: The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) was stimulated with AR-R17779 or nicotine in NOD mice.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	13-53
8287902-1	1993	It has been suggested that ethanol may interact with the central nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, thus providing a basis for the often observed high consumption of both ethanol and nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	65-97
26096224-3	2015	METHODS: The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) was stimulated with AR-R17779 or nicotine in NOD mice.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	55-66
26116439-0	2015	The antidepressant-like activity of nicotine, but not of 3-furan-2-yl-N-p-tolyl-acrylamide, is regulated by the nicotinic receptor beta4 subunit.	Nicotine	36-44	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	131-136
26116439-5	2015	Our results indicate that nicotine mediates antidepressant-like activity after acute, subchronic, and chronic treatments in beta4+/+, but not beta4-/-, mice, and that these effects are not mediated by unspecific locomotor stimulation.	Nicotine	26-34	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	124-129
26116439-6	2015	Nicotine co-administered with PAM-2 produces antidepressant-like activity in both beta4+/+ and beta4-/- mice, except after the acute treatment of beta4-/- mice, and decreases locomotor activity.	Nicotine	0-8	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	82-87
8272263-5	1993	The results indicate that nicotine may act on nAChR in axon terminals to release CRF.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
26116439-6	2015	Nicotine co-administered with PAM-2 produces antidepressant-like activity in both beta4+/+ and beta4-/- mice, except after the acute treatment of beta4-/- mice, and decreases locomotor activity.	Nicotine	0-8	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	95-100
26116439-6	2015	Nicotine co-administered with PAM-2 produces antidepressant-like activity in both beta4+/+ and beta4-/- mice, except after the acute treatment of beta4-/- mice, and decreases locomotor activity.	Nicotine	0-8	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	95-100
26116439-7	2015	This suggests that although the beta4 subunit regulates the antidepressant-like activity of nicotine it does not affect the activity elicited by PAM-2 when is co-administered with nicotine.	Nicotine	92-100	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	32-37
8255178-0	1993	Acute nicotine injections induce c-fos mostly in non-dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain of the rat.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
26116439-9	2015	Our findings clearly indicate that beta4-containing nAChRs play an important role in the antidepressant-like activity elicited by nicotine but they are not essential for the modulatory activity of PAM-2.	Nicotine	130-138	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	35-40
8255178-4	1993	Acute nicotine injections resulted in prominent Fos-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system, the interpeduncular nucleus, and in the caudal linear subnucleus of VTA.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
25704105-12	2015	The fact that expression of either the MT1 or MT2 melatonin receptor is sufficient to maintain lower nicotine consumption suggests functional overlap and potential mechanistic explanations.	Nicotine	101-109	melatonin receptor 1B	Mus musculus	46-68
8255178-7	1993	These results suggest that acute nicotine injections induce c-fos expression mostly in non-dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area of the rat and that nicotine induces c-fos most intensely in the interpeduncular nucleus, the superior colliculus, and several other subnuclei of the accessory optic system.	Nicotine	33-41	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
8255178-7	1993	These results suggest that acute nicotine injections induce c-fos expression mostly in non-dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area of the rat and that nicotine induces c-fos most intensely in the interpeduncular nucleus, the superior colliculus, and several other subnuclei of the accessory optic system.	Nicotine	162-170	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
25851606-10	2015	Whereas unc-22 mutants are completely resistant, mak-1 mutants are partially resistant to nicotine.	Nicotine	90-98	MAP kinase-activated protein kinase mak-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	49-54
25845434-6	2015	Furthermore, EGCG markedly inhibited HIF-1alpha-dependent angiogenesis induced by nicotine in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein expression induced by nicotine in A549 xenografts of nude mice.	Nicotine	82-90	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	37-47
8245273-2	1993	After describing currently available pharmacotherapies, the article also describes several unexpected findings that need to be taken into consideration by clinicians: (a) transdermal nicotine is effective when given without psychological therapy, (b) transdermal nicotine and nicotine gum do not consistently decrease postcessation weight gain, (c) high level of nicotine dependence does not consistently predict better response to transdermal nicotine, and (d) clonidine is effective in women but not in men.	Nicotine	183-191	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	285-288
8963034-0	1995	The contrasting influence of chronic nicotine intake on gastrin and gastric acid secretion.	Nicotine	37-45	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	56-63
8963034-8	1995	These findings are consistent with the idea that chronic nicotine administration, for at least 10 days, will lead to increased muscarinic receptor sensitivity; basal acid secretion is consequently elevated, and this in turn may depress gastrin secretion.	Nicotine	57-65	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	236-243
25948261-9	2015	Furthermore, at E12.5 we found evidence for unconventional receptors that were responsive to the nAChR agonists 1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium and nicotine, but were insensitive to the general nicotinic blocker, hexamethonium.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	97-102
7870173-4	1995	We report here that high-affinity binding sites for nicotine are absent from the brains of mice homozygous for the beta 2-subunit mutation.	Nicotine	52-60	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	115-121
7720216-4	1995	Nicotine injection (1 mg/kg s.c.) on embryonic day 20 (E20) induced detectable c-fos mRNA in the maternal habenula and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus whereas, in the fetal brain, c-fos was induced in both these structures and also in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
7720216-4	1995	Nicotine injection (1 mg/kg s.c.) on embryonic day 20 (E20) induced detectable c-fos mRNA in the maternal habenula and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus whereas, in the fetal brain, c-fos was induced in both these structures and also in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
7720216-5	1995	Nicotine-induced c-fos expression in the fetal SCN was confirmed by Northern analysis and found to return to near basal levels by 3 h post-injection.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
7720216-9	1995	Induction of c-fos mRNA in the SCN by light has been associated with phase-shifts of the circadian system, however, the behavioral consequences of the transient sensitivity of the fetal and neonatal SCN to nicotine administration and the consequences for maternal-fetal entrainment remain to be directly determined.	Nicotine	206-214	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
7902969-2	1993	A single nicotine injection resulted in a rapid and transient activation phase of nerve growth factor I-A, c-fos and jun-B at 20 min, and a later and less prominent activation of c-jun, which stayed high from 20 to 60 min.	Nicotine	9-17	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
7902969-6	1993	When repeated nicotine injections were given, there was a refractory period of 1-2 h for c-fos, nerve growth factor I-A and jun-B induction.	Nicotine	14-22	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
7902969-7	1993	Repeated nicotine injections at 1-h intervals prevented about 80% of c-fos, nerve growth factor I-A and jun-B mRNA induction seen after a single injection.	Nicotine	9-17	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
24750355-2	2015	Here, we utilize genetic and pharmacological tools to further investigate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes that support intravenous self-administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	78-110
19912923-0	1993	Induction and Desensitization of the c-Fos mRNA Response to Nicotine in Rat Brain.	Nicotine	60-68	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
19912923-2	1993	In the present studies, we investigated changes in c-fos mRNA content in several brain regions of the rat in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
19912923-3	1993	A single injection of nicotine ip increased the c-fos mRNA content within 30 min and returned toward baseline by 120 min.	Nicotine	22-30	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
19912923-7	1993	Mecamylamine, a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated or eliminated c-fos mRNA response to 1.5 mg/kg nicotine in all regions, except in the cerebellar cortex.	Nicotine	131-139	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
7886101-10	1994	The nAChR subtype involved in producing nicotine"s increase of PPI needs further investigation.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
24750355-2	2015	Here, we utilize genetic and pharmacological tools to further investigate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes that support intravenous self-administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	112-117
19912923-8	1993	Desensitization of the c-fos mRNA response to nicotine was investigated by administering two injections of 2.0 mg/kg nicotine 2 h apart.	Nicotine	46-54	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
19912923-8	1993	Desensitization of the c-fos mRNA response to nicotine was investigated by administering two injections of 2.0 mg/kg nicotine 2 h apart.	Nicotine	117-125	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
19912923-9	1993	In the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and piriform cortex, the first dose of nicotine significantly reduced the c-fos mRNA response to a second dose.	Nicotine	74-82	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
19912923-11	1993	In summary, nicotine rapidly elevated the c-fos mRNA content in several rat brain regions.	Nicotine	12-20	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
7518514-9	1994	ABT 418 was also approximately 10-fold less potent (EC50 value = 380 nM) than (-)-nicotine (40 nM) in increasing [3H]-dopamine release from rat striatal slices, an effect that was blocked by the nAChR antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine (10 microM).2+ In contrast, ABT 418 appeared equipotent with (-)-nicotine in enhancing 86Rb+ flux from mouse thalamic synaptosomes.	Nicotine	78-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	195-200
25713177-3	2015	Whereas the biosyntheses of nicotine and terpenoid indole alkaloid in Nicotiana plants and Catharanthus roseus are directly or indirectly regulated by Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2 homologs, a non-MYC2-type bHLH transcription factor, CjbHLH1, comprehensively regulates berberine biosynthesis in Coptis japonica.	Nicotine	28-36	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	172-176
7518514-13	1994	ABT 418 represents the first neuronal nAChR ligand that differentiates the toxicities/liabilities and other negative aspects normally associated with liabilities and other negative aspects normally associated with (-)-nicotine from the potential pharmacological benefits of selective cholinergic channel activation.	Nicotine	214-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Nicotine	88-96	proteolipid protein 2	Homo sapiens	125-132
8495991-7	1993	Plasma LCAT activity also showed a decrease in the rats given nicotine.	Nicotine	62-70	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	7-11
25713177-3	2015	Whereas the biosyntheses of nicotine and terpenoid indole alkaloid in Nicotiana plants and Catharanthus roseus are directly or indirectly regulated by Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2 homologs, a non-MYC2-type bHLH transcription factor, CjbHLH1, comprehensively regulates berberine biosynthesis in Coptis japonica.	Nicotine	28-36	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	193-197
8017787-0	1994	Activation of PAF-acetylhydrolase by nicotine and cotinine and their possible involvement in arterial thrombosis.	Nicotine	37-45	phospholipase A2 group VII	Homo sapiens	14-33
25925411-0	2015	Nicotine pre-exposure reduces stroke-induced glucose transporter-1 activity at the blood-brain barrier in mice.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	45-66
7913201-0	1994	Nicotine induced c-fos expression in the striatum is mediated mostly by dopamine D1 receptor and is dependent on NMDA stimulation.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
7913201-2	1994	To extend our understanding of nicotine and dopamine interactions, we mapped the pattern of c-fos expression in the striatum as an important marker of some of the earliest changes that occur at gene transcription level.	Nicotine	31-39	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
8450173-4	1993	The effect of nicotine stimulation on the secretion of AChE from isolated bovine chromaffin cells was compared with that produced by other compounds (histamine, angiotensin II) which are known to stimulate secretion of catecholamines.	Nicotine	14-22	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	55-59
8450173-5	1993	Incubation with nicotine (1-25 microM) stimulated the secretion of catecholamines and AChE.	Nicotine	16-24	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	86-90
25925411-4	2015	Specifically, the present study investigates glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) function and expression at the BBB in a focal brain ischemia model of mice pre-exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	45-66
25925411-4	2015	Specifically, the present study investigates glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) function and expression at the BBB in a focal brain ischemia model of mice pre-exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	68-73
8128835-6	1993	Nevertheless, they add to the growing body of evidence that the cholinergic system is involved in the control of attentional processes; and are substantiated by the findings of a second study examining the effects of an acute dose of nicotine on attentional and mnemonic performance in patients with DAT.	Nicotine	234-242	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	300-303
25925411-11	2015	Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies of GLUT1 protein expression in the brain microvascular endothelium confirmed that GLUT1 was also induced in saline-infused tMCAO animals and this protein expression induction was reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.01) with 14 day nicotine pre-exposure in tMCAO animals.	Nicotine	267-275	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	122-127
8128486-10	1994	In contrast, (S)-nicotine is oxidized by human FMO3 exclusively to the trans-N-1"-oxide.	Nicotine	13-25	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
25925411-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine pre-exposure reduced the IR-enhanced GLUT1 transporter function and expression at the BBB in a focal brain ischemia mouse model.	Nicotine	13-21	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	59-64
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	92-100	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	63-68
8375616-3	1993	The rank order of potency of ligands to inhibit nicotine-stimulated catecholamine release is significantly correlated (P &lt; 0.005) with that observed in radioligand binding assays selective for the sigma 1 receptor subtype.	Nicotine	48-56	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Bos taurus	200-216
8510522-0	1993	Gamma-aminobutyric acid mediation of the inhibitory effect of endogenous opioids on the arginine vasopressin and oxytocin responses to nicotine from cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	135-143	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	113-121
8510522-1	1993	Previous studies have demonstrated that naloxone exerts positive effects on the responsiveness of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) to nicotine, suggesting inhibitory actions of endogenous opioids.	Nicotine	146-154	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	129-137
8386611-0	1993	Nicotine stimulates the expression of cFos protein in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus and brainstem catecholaminergic regions.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	38-42
8386611-3	1993	Nicotine (0.05 mg/kg) stimulated cFos expression in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pcPVN; containing CRH-positive neurons mediating ACTH secretion); this correlated with the expression of cFos in the A2 (norepinephrinergic) and C2 (epinephrinergic) regions of the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius, which project directly to the pcPVN.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	33-37
8386611-3	1993	Nicotine (0.05 mg/kg) stimulated cFos expression in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pcPVN; containing CRH-positive neurons mediating ACTH secretion); this correlated with the expression of cFos in the A2 (norepinephrinergic) and C2 (epinephrinergic) regions of the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius, which project directly to the pcPVN.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	200-204
8386611-5	1993	In contrast, a high dose of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg), which produced a brief episode of tremor, was required for expression of cFos in the LC.	Nicotine	28-36	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	123-127
8386611-7	1993	The higher dose of nicotine also induced cFos in the vasopressinergic region of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), whereas the lower dose of nicotine exclusively induced cFos in the oxytocinergic region of the SON.	Nicotine	19-27	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	41-45
7905766-6	1993	Nicotine and high K+ stimulation also induce redistribution of cortical scinderin.	Nicotine	0-8	scinderin	Homo sapiens	72-81
8510802-2	1993	When mice are treated for 1 week with exogenous corticosterone (CORT) they become insensitive to the behavioral and physiological actions of nicotine and also have a reduction in brain alpha-bungarotoxin (BTX) receptor binding.	Nicotine	141-149	cortistatin	Mus musculus	64-68
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	62-70	cortistatin	Mus musculus	146-150
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	146-150
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	224-228
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	224-228
8386611-7	1993	The higher dose of nicotine also induced cFos in the vasopressinergic region of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), whereas the lower dose of nicotine exclusively induced cFos in the oxytocinergic region of the SON.	Nicotine	136-144	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	165-169
8386611-8	1993	Limbic regions that receive catecholaminergic inputs, such as the the central nucleus of the amygdala (involved in PVN regulation) and the cingulate gyrus of the cortex, showed a dose-dependent increase in the number of cFos-positive cells after nicotine, whereas the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus only responded to the high dose.	Nicotine	246-254	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	220-224
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	146-150
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	172-180	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	63-68
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	224-228
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	224-228
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	146-150
25430056-6	2015	Both cFos and phosphorylated-cJun (p-cJun) were immediately increased in the nucleus, together with an increase of calmodulin kinase (CaMK) IV but not CaMKII expression after nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	175-183	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	5-9
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	224-228
7870994-2	1993	Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance.	Nicotine	175-183	cortistatin	Mus musculus	224-228
1356895-2	1992	We concluded from this project that electrical and chemical (by nicotine) stimulations evoke an increased influx of Ca2+ into nerve terminals and activate nitric oxide (NO) synthase, resulting in the synthesis and release of NO that stimulates the guanylate cyclase in smooth muscle, thereby causing the accumulation of cyclic GMP and eliciting muscle relaxation.	Nicotine	64-72	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	327-330
25430056-7	2015	A nonselective inhibitor of CaMKs, KN-93, and a calcium chelating regent, BAPTA-AM, completely suppressed the expression of cFos and p-cJun in the nucleus as well as the nicotine-induced IP3 R-1 upregulation.	Nicotine	170-178	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	187-194
25430056-8	2015	These results indicate that nAChR activation by nicotine upregulates IP3 R-1 via increase of activator protein-1, which is a cFos and cJun dimmer, in the nucleus, with activation of Ca(2+) signaling transduction processes.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-33
1410164-1	1992	This single-blind, placebo controlled study reports on the effects of administering three acute doses of nicotine (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg) subcutaneously to a group of Alzheimer"s disease (DAT) patients (n = 22), young adult controls (n = 24), and normal aged controls (n = 24).	Nicotine	105-113	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	186-189
1410164-9	1992	Despite the absence of change in memory functioning, these results demonstrate that DAT patients have significant perceptual and visual attentional deficits which are improved by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	179-187	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	84-87
1422856-0	1992	Induction of c-fos immunostaining in the rat brain after the systemic administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	88-96	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
25430056-8	2015	These results indicate that nAChR activation by nicotine upregulates IP3 R-1 via increase of activator protein-1, which is a cFos and cJun dimmer, in the nucleus, with activation of Ca(2+) signaling transduction processes.	Nicotine	48-56	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	69-76
1422856-1	1992	To search for evidence of altered neuronal gene expression in response to exposure to the highly addictive drug nicotine, rat brains were examined by immunocytochemistry for the fos protein after the systemic administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
1944275-0	1991	Mammalian stress proteins HSP70 and HSP28 coinduced by nicotine and either ethanol or heat.	Nicotine	55-63	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
25430056-8	2015	These results indicate that nAChR activation by nicotine upregulates IP3 R-1 via increase of activator protein-1, which is a cFos and cJun dimmer, in the nucleus, with activation of Ca(2+) signaling transduction processes.	Nicotine	48-56	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	125-129
1422856-2	1992	The drug was administered as an IV infusion over 1 h At a dose of 2 mg/kg, the most dramatic nicotine-induced fos nuclear immunostaining was seen in central visual pathways, including the superficial superior colliculus and the medial terminal nu.	Nicotine	93-101	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
25799226-4	2015	The nicotine-dependent reduction of MKP1 induces the aberrant activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, leading to increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307.	Nicotine	4-12	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	187-215
1422856-5	1992	A minimal increase in fos immunostaining was seen after a nicotine dose of 0.5 mg/kg, with a much greater response after 1 or 2 mg/kg.	Nicotine	58-66	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
1422856-7	1992	c-fos expression was substantially attenuated in the superficial gray layer of superior colliculus, medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, and the interpeduncular nucleus by pretreatment with the centrally acting nicotine antagonist mecamylamine, 5 mg/kg IP, but not with the peripherally acting antagonist hexamethonium, 4 mg/kg IP.	Nicotine	228-236	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
1422856-8	1992	These observations identify a subset of central nervous system neurons that respond to nicotine with altered expression of the immediate early gene c-fos.	Nicotine	87-95	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
1667328-3	1991	The nicotine-induced (100 mumol/l) overflow of noradrenaline and NPY was in a linear manner related (r = 0.79 and 0.90, respectively; p less than 0.05) to the extracellular calcium concentration (0-1.85 mmol/l), and it was prevented by calcium-free perfusion.	Nicotine	4-12	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	65-68
25799226-4	2015	The nicotine-dependent reduction of MKP1 induces the aberrant activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, leading to increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307.	Nicotine	4-12	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	217-221
25762751-9	2015	During nicotine exposure, intact females displayed a decrease in CRF-R1, CRF-R2, Drd3, and Esr2 gene expression and an increase in CRF-BP.	Nicotine	7-15	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
1861147-5	1991	This bradykinin stimulation of [32P]PA formation was only partially dependent on extracellular calcium, in contrast to the smaller response to nicotine, which was completely dependent on extracellular calcium.	Nicotine	143-151	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	5-15
1331119-18	1992	This also would explain why scinderin redistribution induced by nicotine is partially (26-40%) inhibited by inhibitors of either PKC or the Na+/H+ antiport.	Nicotine	64-72	scinderin	Homo sapiens	28-37
25387586-0	2015	Regulation of cerebral CYP2D alters tramadol metabolism in the brain: interactions of tramadol with propranolol and nicotine.	Nicotine	116-124	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	23-28
1378220-5	1992	Furthermore, the nicotine- but not capsaicin-evoked CGRP-LI release was inhibited by NPY.	Nicotine	17-25	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	85-88
1922947-1	1991	The expression of c-fos proteins (Fos) in principal sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells was studied immunocytochemically after a single s.c. injection of nicotine (2mg/kg).	Nicotine	167-175	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
1879804-4	1991	Nicotine at 0.25 mg/kg, s.c., improved the decrease of % CR; and at 0.13-0.5 mg/kg, s.c., it shortened LAT at the delay time of 4 sec in rats treated with AF64A.	Nicotine	0-8	linker for activation of T cells	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
25387586-6	2015	Nicotine (1 mg base/kg, subcutaneous injection, seven days), brain CYP2D inducer, induced a shorter Tmax and elevated Cmax of M1 in CSF.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 7 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	67-72
1521036-4	1992	Nicotine treatment resulted in an increase in the pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary and in a decrease in the intermediate pituitary, but did not change the levels of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA in the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	50-70
25815723-0	2015	Low dose nicotine attenuates Abeta neurotoxicity through activation early growth response gene 1 pathway.	Nicotine	9-17	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	68-96
25815723-5	2015	In the present study, we show that nicotine can activate the MAPK/ERK/EGR-1 signaling pathway partially through alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	35-43	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
2026336-8	1991	Nicotine and ethanol increased leakage of albumin into the interstitium and the leakage was reduced after sucralfate pretreatment.	Nicotine	0-8	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	42-49
25815723-6	2015	In addition, the up-regulation of EGR-1 by nicotine can also increase the phosphorylation of CyclinD1 which contributes to the attenuation of amyloid-beta (Abeta(25-35)) -induced neurotoxicity.	Nicotine	43-51	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
1414027-6	1992	These results suggest that the enhancement of nicotine-induced ambulatory stimulant effect by the daily administration of nicotine is concerned with central dopaminergic stimulation through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the rat brain.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	194-226
25815723-7	2015	Although nicotine and Abeta(25-35) can activate EGR-1, the expression of EGR-1 is down-regulated following treatment with nicotine and Abeta(25-35).	Nicotine	9-17	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
1414027-6	1992	These results suggest that the enhancement of nicotine-induced ambulatory stimulant effect by the daily administration of nicotine is concerned with central dopaminergic stimulation through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the rat brain.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	194-226
2047542-1	1991	In rats, treated chronically with saline and nicotine, we studied the postprandial release of gastrin and cholecystokinin by specific radioimmunoassays and simultaneously measured secretory outputs of the exocrine pancreas.	Nicotine	45-53	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	94-101
2047542-4	1991	Infusion of food via intragastric cannula significantly stimulated plasma gastrin levels in both control and nicotine treated rats.	Nicotine	109-117	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	74-81
2047542-5	1991	Postprandial gastrin levels in nicotine treated rats were significantly higher compared to gastrin levels obtained after food in untreated control rats.	Nicotine	31-39	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	13-20
2047542-12	1991	Chronic nicotine treatment and its effect on food, however, appeared to have induced hyperfunction of G-cells that resulted in increased gastrin secretion and a decrease in trypsin secretion by exocrine pancreas.	Nicotine	8-16	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	137-144
25815723-7	2015	Although nicotine and Abeta(25-35) can activate EGR-1, the expression of EGR-1 is down-regulated following treatment with nicotine and Abeta(25-35).	Nicotine	122-130	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
1736029-8	1992	These results suggest that nicotine-induced sensitization to the ambulatory stimulant effect involves the stimulation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the VTA and the NACC.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	169-201
1736029-8	1992	These results suggest that nicotine-induced sensitization to the ambulatory stimulant effect involves the stimulation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the VTA and the NACC.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
25815723-8	2015	This study demonstrates that low dose nicotine attenuates Abeta(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo through activating EGR-1 pathway.	Nicotine	38-46	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
25600647-0	2015	beta-arrestin-1 mediates nicotine-induced metastasis through E2F1 target genes that modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	Nicotine	25-33	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
1976062-10	1990	Increasing the ratio of NADH to NADPH in incubations containing lung microsomes and (S)-nicotine decreased the yield of the iminium ion, confirming the inhibitory effect of cytochrome b5 on the P-450 2-catalyzed alpha-carbon oxidation reaction.	Nicotine	84-96	cytochrome b5	Oryctolagus cuniculus	173-186
25600647-3	2015	Here, we demonstrate that the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin-1 is necessary for nicotine-mediated induction of mesenchymal genes vimentin and fibronectin as well as EMT regulators ZEB1 and ZEB2.	Nicotine	83-91	vimentin	Homo sapiens	132-140
1718457-2	1991	Auto-antibodies to the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cause the disease myasthenia gravis (MG).	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
25600647-3	2015	Here, we demonstrate that the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin-1 is necessary for nicotine-mediated induction of mesenchymal genes vimentin and fibronectin as well as EMT regulators ZEB1 and ZEB2.	Nicotine	83-91	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
25600647-6	2015	Stimulation of multiple NSCLC cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of beta-arrestin-1 and E2F1 on vimentin, fibronectin, and ZEB1 and ZEB2 promoters.	Nicotine	46-54	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
25600647-6	2015	Stimulation of multiple NSCLC cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of beta-arrestin-1 and E2F1 on vimentin, fibronectin, and ZEB1 and ZEB2 promoters.	Nicotine	46-54	vimentin	Homo sapiens	114-122
1690423-4	1990	Endocrinological studies showed that the plasma levels of CCK were significantly increased with nicotine but the amylase secretory response of pancreatic acinar cells was inhibited in response to CCK-8 and carbachol.	Nicotine	96-104	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
1690423-9	1990	In addition, plasma CCK levels and pancreatic enzyme secretion were reversed upon nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	82-90	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
25600647-6	2015	Stimulation of multiple NSCLC cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of beta-arrestin-1 and E2F1 on vimentin, fibronectin, and ZEB1 and ZEB2 promoters.	Nicotine	46-54	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
2222992-2	1990	Cortical nAChR concentration as determined by [3H]nicotine binding was unaffected by the nbm lesion.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
25740504-8	2015	Chronic exposure to nicotine selectively affects alpha4beta2 nAChRs in STN: this treatment increased the number of alpha4beta2 neurons, upregulated alpha4-containing nAChR number and sensitivity, and enhanced the basal firing rate of alpha4beta2 neurons both ex vivo and in vivo.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	61-66
2388527-0	1990	Modulation of pulmonary bombesin by nicotine and vagotomy.	Nicotine	36-44	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	24-32
2388527-1	1990	In pregnant hamsters, three transplacental injections of the ganglionic agonist nicotine resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the concentration of mammalian bombesin (MB) in the lungs of neonatal (1 day old) animals.	Nicotine	80-88	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	161-169
2108403-3	1990	Activation of adrenal medullary cells in vivo by insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and in vitro by nicotine or angiotensin resulted in the rapid and transient elevation of c-fos mRNA levels.	Nicotine	95-103	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
2108403-4	1990	Induction of the c-fos mRNA by angiotensin and nicotine were accompanied by the appearance of the c-fos protein.	Nicotine	47-55	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
32795172-3	2020	Perinatal nicotine exposure resulted in increased collagen type I (COL1A1) and III (COL3A1) deposition along with a decrease in miR-29 family and an increase in long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) levels in offspring heart.	Nicotine	10-18	myocardial infarction associated transcript	Rattus norvegicus	226-230
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	105-113	myocardial infarction associated transcript	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
33236326-7	2021	Nicotine pre-exposed zebrafish submitted to MDMA-induced CPP showed an increase in expression of p35 at day 2, alpha4 at day 30, vasopressin at day 7 and D3 dopaminergic receptor at day 7, 30 and 60.	Nicotine	0-8	major histocompatibility complex class II integral membrane alpha chain gene	Danio rerio	111-117
25471815-0	2015	alpha-Tocopherol protects renal cells from nicotine- or oleic acid-provoked oxidative stress via inducing heme oxygenase-1.	Nicotine	43-51	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	106-122
33808531-6	2021	Importantly, K48-linked ubiquitination was verified to be necessary for nicotine-augmented endosomal recruitments of p97 and Sec61.	Nicotine	72-80	SEC61 translocon subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
34476898-1	2022	CYP2A6 activity, phenotyped by the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), is a predictor of several smoking behaviours, including cessation and smoking-related disease risk.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	105-113	myocardial infarction associated transcript	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	170-178	myocardial infarction associated transcript	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
32795172-5	2020	Knockdown of MIAT resulted in increased miR-29 family and decreased COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, suggesting nicotine-mediated MIAT induction as the underlying mechanism for nicotine-induced collagen deposition.	Nicotine	170-178	myocardial infarction associated transcript	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
32795172-6	2020	Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation studies showed an intense physical interaction between MIAT, miR-29 family, and argonaute 2, corroborating the mechanistic link between perinatal nicotine exposure and increased extracellular matrix deposition.	Nicotine	200-208	myocardial infarction associated transcript	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
32795172-6	2020	Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation studies showed an intense physical interaction between MIAT, miR-29 family, and argonaute 2, corroborating the mechanistic link between perinatal nicotine exposure and increased extracellular matrix deposition.	Nicotine	200-208	argonaute 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-145
32795172-7	2020	Overall, perinatal nicotine exposure resulted in lower miR-29 family levels in offspring heart, while it elevated cardiac MIAT and collagen type I and III levels.	Nicotine	19-27	myocardial infarction associated transcript	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
29807460-10	2019	Nicotine desensitization is associated with suppression of tonic release of DA in both the striatum and NAc shell that may occur via the alpha4beta2 subtype of nAChR, whereas phasic frequency-dependent augmentation and HFS-related gating release is more pronounced in the striatum than in the NAc shell.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	160-165
25560939-8	2015	While these beta4*-nAChR sites were generally resistant to regulation by chronic nicotine treatment, significant increases in binding were noted for habenula and hindbrain.	Nicotine	81-89	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	12-17
34431048-15	2022	Propolis extract could have a protective potential against nicotine-induced pulmonary and hepatic damage via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.	Nicotine	59-67	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
25560939-8	2015	While these beta4*-nAChR sites were generally resistant to regulation by chronic nicotine treatment, significant increases in binding were noted for habenula and hindbrain.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	19-24
26752340-10	2016	In contrast, PEPCK genes were only up-regulated in e-liquid with nicotine.	Nicotine	65-73	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
25560939-9	2015	Comparison of previously published tolerance development in beta2(--) mice (less tolerance) to that of beta4(--) mice (more tolerance) supports a differential role for these receptor subtypes in regulating tolerance following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	234-242	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	103-108
34924113-4	2022	A 100 muM of nicotine-induced increase in neurite numbers depended on the exposure time and was inhibited by treatment with the nAChR antagonist hexamethonium (Hex) and alpha7 nAChR antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgtx).	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
25139281-4	2015	Considering new evidence supporting the association of DRD2 and its adjacent gene ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) with various addictions, in this paper, we provide an updated view of the involvement of variants in DRD2 and ANKK1 in the etiology of nicotine dependence (ND) and alcohol dependence (AD) based on linkage, association, and molecular studies.	Nicotine	271-279	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	82-127
34963197-2	2022	Chronic nicotine can increase BDNF in the rodent brain and is associated with smoking severity in humans; however, it is unknown whether this increased BDNF is linked functionally to the switch from a nicotine-nondependent to a nicotine-dependent state.	Nicotine	8-16	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	30-34
34963197-2	2022	Chronic nicotine can increase BDNF in the rodent brain and is associated with smoking severity in humans; however, it is unknown whether this increased BDNF is linked functionally to the switch from a nicotine-nondependent to a nicotine-dependent state.	Nicotine	8-16	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	152-156
25139281-4	2015	Considering new evidence supporting the association of DRD2 and its adjacent gene ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) with various addictions, in this paper, we provide an updated view of the involvement of variants in DRD2 and ANKK1 in the etiology of nicotine dependence (ND) and alcohol dependence (AD) based on linkage, association, and molecular studies.	Nicotine	271-279	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
34963197-2	2022	Chronic nicotine can increase BDNF in the rodent brain and is associated with smoking severity in humans; however, it is unknown whether this increased BDNF is linked functionally to the switch from a nicotine-nondependent to a nicotine-dependent state.	Nicotine	201-209	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	152-156
34963197-2	2022	Chronic nicotine can increase BDNF in the rodent brain and is associated with smoking severity in humans; however, it is unknown whether this increased BDNF is linked functionally to the switch from a nicotine-nondependent to a nicotine-dependent state.	Nicotine	228-236	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	152-156
34963197-5	2022	Quantification of gene expression of BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB), revealed an increase in TrkB mRNA but not BDNF mRNA in the VTA in nicotine-dependent and -withdrawn mice.	Nicotine	164-172	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	60-89
25336083-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the following: (i) BF nicotine infusion induced c-Fos in both core and the shell region of NAc at levels comparable to those observed after systemic alcohol administration; (ii) BF nicotine infusion with systemic alcohol induced a significant additive increase in c-Fos expression only in the NAc shell region.	Nicotine	55-63	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
25336083-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the following: (i) BF nicotine infusion induced c-Fos in both core and the shell region of NAc at levels comparable to those observed after systemic alcohol administration; (ii) BF nicotine infusion with systemic alcohol induced a significant additive increase in c-Fos expression only in the NAc shell region.	Nicotine	55-63	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	297-302
19170184-8	2009	These data indicate that the functional expression of Ca(2+)-permeable alpha 7-containing nAChRs in hippocampal slices is not restricted to neurons and that the receptors of NG2-cells can be desensitized by low concentrations of nicotine.	Nicotine	229-237	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Mus musculus	174-177
34963197-5	2022	Quantification of gene expression of BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB), revealed an increase in TrkB mRNA but not BDNF mRNA in the VTA in nicotine-dependent and -withdrawn mice.	Nicotine	164-172	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	91-95
34963197-5	2022	Quantification of gene expression of BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB), revealed an increase in TrkB mRNA but not BDNF mRNA in the VTA in nicotine-dependent and -withdrawn mice.	Nicotine	164-172	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	122-126
34803779-0	2021	Genetic Modifiers of Oral Nicotine Consumption in Chrna5 Null Mutant Mice.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	50-56
34803779-4	2021	Toward a better understanding of how loss of function of Chrna5 increases nicotine consumption, we have initiated efforts to identify genetic modifiers of Chrna5 deletion-dependent oral nicotine consumption in mice.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	57-63
25139281-4	2015	Considering new evidence supporting the association of DRD2 and its adjacent gene ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) with various addictions, in this paper, we provide an updated view of the involvement of variants in DRD2 and ANKK1 in the etiology of nicotine dependence (ND) and alcohol dependence (AD) based on linkage, association, and molecular studies.	Nicotine	271-279	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	246-251
34803779-4	2021	Toward a better understanding of how loss of function of Chrna5 increases nicotine consumption, we have initiated efforts to identify genetic modifiers of Chrna5 deletion-dependent oral nicotine consumption in mice.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	155-161
34803779-6	2021	As expected, nicotine consumption was significantly increased in Chrna5 KO mice relative to Chrna5 wildtype mice on a B6 background.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	65-71
19500157-1	2009	The CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes have been associated with nicotine dependence and early subjective response to nicotine.	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
19500157-1	2009	The CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes have been associated with nicotine dependence and early subjective response to nicotine.	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-21
34803779-7	2021	Among the CSS homozygous for the Chrna5 KO allele, several exhibited altered nicotine consumption relative to B6 Chrna5 KO mice.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	33-39
25545599-4	2015	Using voltage sensitive dye to visualize hippocampal activity, we found that early postnatal nicotine exposure also results in enhanced CA1 depolarization and hyperpolarization after SC stimulation.	Nicotine	93-101	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	136-139
34803779-9	2021	In all cases nicotine consumption was reduced in the CSS Chrna5 KO mice relative to B6 Chrna5 KO mice and consumption in the CSS KO mice was indistinguishable from their wild type littermates.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	57-63
34803779-10	2021	Nicotine consumption was also reduced in both Chrna5 KO and wildtype CSS mice possessing A/J chromosome 1 and increased in both KO and wild type chromosome 17 CSS relative to KO and wild type B6 mice.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	46-52
34803779-11	2021	These results demonstrate the presence of several genetic modifiers of nicotine consumption in Chrna5 KO mice as well as identify loci that may affect nicotine consumption independent of Chrna5 genotype.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	95-101
34803779-12	2021	Identification of the genes that underlie the altered nicotine consumption may provide novel insight into the mechanism through which Chrna5 deletion increases nicotine consumption and, more generally, a better appreciation of the neurobiology of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	134-140
34803779-12	2021	Identification of the genes that underlie the altered nicotine consumption may provide novel insight into the mechanism through which Chrna5 deletion increases nicotine consumption and, more generally, a better appreciation of the neurobiology of nicotine intake.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	134-140
19500157-1	2009	The CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes have been associated with nicotine dependence and early subjective response to nicotine.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
19500157-1	2009	The CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes have been associated with nicotine dependence and early subjective response to nicotine.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-21
10947823-8	2000	These results demonstrate that in nigral dopaminergic neurons, nicotine can elicit Ca2+ mobilization via activation of two distinct nAChR subtypes: that of beta2-subunit-containing nAChR followed by activation of Na+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channels, and/or activation of alpha7-subunit-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	63-71	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	156-161
25545599-5	2015	Furthermore, we show that postnatal nicotine exposure induces pervasive changes to the nicotinic modulation of CA1 activity: activation of nicotinic receptors no longer increases CA1 network depolarization, acute nicotine inhibits rather than facilitates the induction of LTP at the SC pathway by recruiting an additional nicotinic receptor subtype, and acute nicotine no longer blocks LTP induction at the temporoammonic pathway.	Nicotine	36-44	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
34159514-0	2021	The Intergenerational Transmission of Developmental Nicotine Exposure-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Like Phenotypes is Modulated by the Chrna5 D397N Polymorphism in Adolescent Mice.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	142-148
25545599-5	2015	Furthermore, we show that postnatal nicotine exposure induces pervasive changes to the nicotinic modulation of CA1 activity: activation of nicotinic receptors no longer increases CA1 network depolarization, acute nicotine inhibits rather than facilitates the induction of LTP at the SC pathway by recruiting an additional nicotinic receptor subtype, and acute nicotine no longer blocks LTP induction at the temporoammonic pathway.	Nicotine	213-221	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
34854936-0	2022	The role of the SLC6A3 3" UTR VNTR in nicotine effects on cognitive, affective, and motor function.	Nicotine	38-46	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	16-22
25545599-5	2015	Furthermore, we show that postnatal nicotine exposure induces pervasive changes to the nicotinic modulation of CA1 activity: activation of nicotinic receptors no longer increases CA1 network depolarization, acute nicotine inhibits rather than facilitates the induction of LTP at the SC pathway by recruiting an additional nicotinic receptor subtype, and acute nicotine no longer blocks LTP induction at the temporoammonic pathway.	Nicotine	213-221	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
25155311-9	2015	EtOH and nicotine directly administered into the pVTA resulted in alterations in gene expression in the AcbSh (50.8-fold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2.4-fold decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 10.3-fold increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)) that were not observed following microinjections of equivalent concentrations/doses of ethanol or nicotine.	Nicotine	9-17	solute carrier family 17 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	270-303
34854936-5	2022	OBJECTIVES: In this preregistered study, we hypothesized that 9R-carriers would be more responsive to nicotine due to genotype-related differences in DAT availability and resulting dopamine activity.	Nicotine	102-110	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	150-153
25155311-9	2015	EtOH and nicotine directly administered into the pVTA resulted in alterations in gene expression in the AcbSh (50.8-fold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2.4-fold decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 10.3-fold increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)) that were not observed following microinjections of equivalent concentrations/doses of ethanol or nicotine.	Nicotine	9-17	solute carrier family 17 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	305-311
34384845-4	2021	The mechanisms of action include reducing the level of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) as well as regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activation, protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathways, and others, all of which are related to the mechanisms of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	266-274	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	55-85
34235724-5	2021	We identify intranasal oxytocin as a method that warrants further investigation regarding its capacity to decrease cue-induced, acute stress-induced or withdrawal-related craving and relapse related to alcohol, cannabis, opioids, cocaine, or nicotine, including a potential role as ad-hoc medication following exposure to drug-related cues.	Nicotine	242-250	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	23-31
25293881-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation in UGT2B10 contributes significantly to nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation but not to nicotine dose.	Nicotine	71-79	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	34-41
34520119-0	2021	Nicotine metabolism and its association with CYP2A6 genotype among Indigenous people in Alaska who smoke.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	45-51
34520119-3	2021	The objective of this study was to compare CYP2A6 genetic variation and CYP2A6 enzyme activity toward nicotine in an ANAI population.	Nicotine	102-110	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
34520119-3	2021	The objective of this study was to compare CYP2A6 genetic variation and CYP2A6 enzyme activity toward nicotine in an ANAI population.	Nicotine	102-110	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	72-78
34119664-12	2021	On the other hand, chronic administration of modafinil and nicotine significantly down-regulated the caspase 3 and up-regulated both BDNF and TrkB levels in the MDMA-received rats.	Nicotine	59-67	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
34497931-0	2021	Computational Analysis of the Nicotine Oxidoreductase Mechanism by the ONIOM Method.	Nicotine	30-38	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	39-53
25613062-9	2015	In primary cultured rat chondrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed both p38, extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 activation induced by MIA- or IL-1beta, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	131-154
34142887-0	2021	Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deletion Attenuated Nicotine-induced Arterial Stiffness via Limiting the Loss of SIRT1.	Nicotine	46-54	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	0-25
34142887-4	2021	We hypothesized that sEH knockout could prevent nicotine-induced arterial stiffness.	Nicotine	48-56	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	21-24
25613062-9	2015	In primary cultured rat chondrocytes, pretreatment with nicotine suppressed both p38, extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 activation induced by MIA- or IL-1beta, and these effects were also reversed by MLA.	Nicotine	56-64	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
34142887-6	2021	Nicotine treatment increased sEH expression and activity in the aortas of WT mice.	Nicotine	0-8	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	29-32
34142887-9	2021	In vitro, 11,12-EET treatment attenuated nicotine-induced MMP2 upregulation via SIRT1-mediated YAP deacetylation.	Nicotine	41-49	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	58-62
34402100-5	2021	We recently reported that fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key de novo lipogenic enzyme, mediates EGFR activation in nicotine-treated oral dysplastic keratinocytes.	Nicotine	114-122	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	26-45
34402100-5	2021	We recently reported that fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key de novo lipogenic enzyme, mediates EGFR activation in nicotine-treated oral dysplastic keratinocytes.	Nicotine	114-122	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	47-51
34142887-10	2021	In conclusion, sEH knockout attenuated nicotine-induced arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling via SIRT1-induced YAP deacetylation.	Nicotine	39-47	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	15-18
25095782-3	2015	In the present study, we found treatment with nicotine 2, 6, and 12 h after ischemia for 7 days significantly increased the survival of CA1 pyramidal neurons in ischemia/reperfusion rats.	Nicotine	46-54	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
34177609-5	2021	Our results showed that nicotine exposure increased mitochondria-derived superoxide production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and impaired PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagic flux in NRVMs.	Nicotine	24-32	PTEN induced kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
34177609-6	2021	Interestingly, nicotine significantly promoted dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission and suppressed mitofusin (MFN)-mediated fusion, which was also observed in the bafilomycin A1-treated group.	Nicotine	15-23	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	47-72
34177609-6	2021	Interestingly, nicotine significantly promoted dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission and suppressed mitofusin (MFN)-mediated fusion, which was also observed in the bafilomycin A1-treated group.	Nicotine	15-23	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
34177609-8	2021	Finally, nicotine caused excessive mitochondrial fission and contributed to apoptosis, which could be alleviated by mdivi-1, an inhibitor of Drp1.	Nicotine	9-17	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
34177609-10	2021	Pretreatment with Torin 1, which is an inhibitor of mTOR, activated CTSL and ameliorated nicotine-induced mTOR activation and mitophagy impairment, decreased mitochondria-derived superoxide production, and blunted mitochondrial fission and apoptosis.	Nicotine	89-97	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
34153408-0	2021	Nicotine facilitates pancreatic fibrosis by promoting activation of pancreatic stellate cells via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats.	Nicotine	0-8	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
34153408-13	2021	Moreover, nicotine also activated the alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rPSCs.	Nicotine	10-18	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
34153408-15	2021	SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding in this research suggests that nicotine facilitates pancreatic fibrosis by promoting activation of pancreatic stellate cells via alpha7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats, partly revealing the mechanism of smoking on chronic pancreatitis.	Nicotine	57-65	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	176-180
34177609-10	2021	Pretreatment with Torin 1, which is an inhibitor of mTOR, activated CTSL and ameliorated nicotine-induced mTOR activation and mitophagy impairment, decreased mitochondria-derived superoxide production, and blunted mitochondrial fission and apoptosis.	Nicotine	89-97	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
34177609-12	2021	Taken together, our study demonstrated that nicotine treatment may lead to an increase in Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by blocking mitophagic flux by weakening the enzyme activity of CTSL and activating the ROS/p38/JNK signaling pathway.	Nicotine	44-52	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
34247340-0	2021	Association of NRG3 and ERBB4 gene polymorphism with nicotine dependence in Turkish population.	Nicotine	53-61	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
34247340-3	2021	NRG3, which is activated after nicotine intake, binds to ERBB4 and causes GABA release.	Nicotine	31-39	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
34576282-1	2021	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is a monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous chemicals, such as nicotine and therapeutic drugs.	Nicotine	127-135	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-25
34302119-0	2021	Correction: Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	68-76	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	143-147
34230140-7	2021	Additionally, nicotine treatment induced tumorigenic activity in both EBV-infected and LMP1-transfected MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	14-22	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	87-91
34230140-8	2021	Western blot and inhibitor assays showed that the nicotine-induced signaling was mediated through MAPK/ERK and AKT signaling pathways in EBV-infected and LMP1-transfected breast cancer cells, respectively.	Nicotine	50-58	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	154-158
25381636-6	2015	In conclusion, nicotine-induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions occur in a dose-dependent fashion in both of the cell lines tested.	Nicotine	15-23	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	32-38
34230140-9	2021	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EBV infection and EBV-related LMP1 may act as potential molecular targets for breast cancer risk associated with nicotine, and provide a novel insight into the mechanism of nicotine stimulation in EBV-positive breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	152-160	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	69-73
34230140-9	2021	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EBV infection and EBV-related LMP1 may act as potential molecular targets for breast cancer risk associated with nicotine, and provide a novel insight into the mechanism of nicotine stimulation in EBV-positive breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	212-220	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	69-73
34076143-5	2021	Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	356-364	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	155-180
34076143-5	2021	Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	356-364	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	182-186
34076143-8	2021	Nicotine upregulated CFL1 and downregulated PPP2R1A in 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OLK tissues in mice in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	0-8	protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha	Mus musculus	44-51
34220004-4	2021	Nicotine-treated and control mice were sacrificed 6, 16 and 24 weeks post-treatment, and their tissues evaluated for alterations in histology, oxidative stress, TNF-alpha levels, nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release, tumor suppressor response and DNA repair response.	Nicotine	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	201-216
25381636-7	2015	Furthermore, the nicotine exposure equivalent to plasma levels found in regular smokers can augment VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	100-106
34220004-4	2021	Nicotine-treated and control mice were sacrificed 6, 16 and 24 weeks post-treatment, and their tissues evaluated for alterations in histology, oxidative stress, TNF-alpha levels, nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release, tumor suppressor response and DNA repair response.	Nicotine	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	218-221
25381636-7	2015	Furthermore, the nicotine exposure equivalent to plasma levels found in regular smokers can augment VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	149-161
34220004-6	2021	The tissues of nicotine treated mice exhibited a large number of multinucleated and binucleated cells, enlarged nuclei and non-uniform distribution of cells, significant increase in expression of TNF-alpha gene and serum TNF-alpha, and time-dependent significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, NO and MPO release when compared to age-and gender-matched controls.	Nicotine	15-23	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	325-328
25279991-3	2015	We hypothesized that maternal nicotine exposure would induce kidney fibrosis and involve CTGF in newborn rats.	Nicotine	30-38	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
25279991-9	2015	Prenatal and/or postnatal nicotine exposure increased CTGF expression on postnatal days 7 and 21.	Nicotine	26-34	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
25526961-1	2014	BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether polymorphisms of the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 gene (ANKK1), which is adjacent to the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), and the dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genes influence smoking cessation and nicotine dependence in a Japanese population.	Nicotine	293-301	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	65-110
34088738-3	2021	Much of the work on this system has focused on nicotinic mechanisms and their clinical implications for nicotine use, particularly because the IP expresses the alpha5 nicotinic receptor subunit, encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, which is genetically linked to smoking risk.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	210-216
25526961-1	2014	BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether polymorphisms of the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 gene (ANKK1), which is adjacent to the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), and the dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genes influence smoking cessation and nicotine dependence in a Japanese population.	Nicotine	293-301	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
25081642-2	2014	The binding of natural products to alpha-synuclein was evaluated by nanopore analysis and caffeine, curcumin, and nicotine all caused large conformational changes which may be related to their known neuroprotective effect in Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	114-122	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	35-50
35395343-0	2022	Nicotine binds to the transthyretin-thyroxine complex and reduces its uptake by placental trophoblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	22-35
35395343-4	2022	Nicotine alters transthyretin synthesis and function in rat choroid plexus.	Nicotine	0-8	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	16-29
35395343-5	2022	If nicotine influences trophoblast turnover of transthyretin, then it may directly affect placental transfer of T4 to the developing fetus and contribute to the negative impacts of smoking on fetal growth, development and placental function.	Nicotine	3-11	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	47-60
35395343-6	2022	METHODS: The effect of nicotine on trophoblast uptake of Alexa-labelled transthyretin was measured using live cell imaging.	Nicotine	23-31	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	72-85
35395343-8	2022	Interactions between transthyretin, T4 and nicotine were investigated using chemical cross-linking techniques and molecular dynamic simulations.	Nicotine	43-51	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	21-34
35395343-9	2022	RESULTS: Nicotine blocks uptake of transthyretin-T4 by human placental trophoblast cells.	Nicotine	9-17	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	35-48
35395343-10	2022	Nicotine reduces the expression of the trophoblast scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) that plays a role in transthyretin-T4 uptake.	Nicotine	0-8	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	51-84
35395343-10	2022	Nicotine reduces the expression of the trophoblast scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) that plays a role in transthyretin-T4 uptake.	Nicotine	0-8	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
35395343-10	2022	Nicotine reduces the expression of the trophoblast scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) that plays a role in transthyretin-T4 uptake.	Nicotine	0-8	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	114-127
35395343-11	2022	Molecular dynamic modelling suggests that when T4 is bound to transthyretin, nicotine binding increases tetramer stability, reducing the ability of the transthyretin-T4 complex to enter trophoblast cells.	Nicotine	77-85	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	62-75
25081642-4	2014	It is proposed that (-)-nicotine causes the folding of alpha-synuclein into a loop with interaction between the N- and C-termini.	Nicotine	24-32	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	55-70
35395343-11	2022	Molecular dynamic modelling suggests that when T4 is bound to transthyretin, nicotine binding increases tetramer stability, reducing the ability of the transthyretin-T4 complex to enter trophoblast cells.	Nicotine	77-85	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	152-165
35395343-12	2022	CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that nicotine exposure during pregnancy reduces transplacental transport of transthyretin and T4 to the placenta and developing fetus.	Nicotine	34-42	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	105-118
25081642-6	2014	Caffeine and nicotine can bind to alpha-synuclein simultaneously and may provide lead structures for the development of other compounds for the treatment of PD.	Nicotine	13-21	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	34-49
25471068-2	2014	Nicotine is also thought to play a key role in schizophrenia: A genetic variation of the cholinergic nicotine receptor gene, alpha-7 subunit (CHRNA7) has been shown to be associated with stronger backward masking deficits in schizophrenic patients.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-148
35595472-4	2022	We also reveal that beta4-containing nAChRs are essential for the weight-lowering effects of nicotine in diet-induced obese mice.	Nicotine	93-101	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	20-25
35563563-0	2022	Sulforaphane Suppresses the Nicotine-Induced Expression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 via Inhibiting ROS-Mediated AP-1 and NF-kappaB Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cells.	Nicotine	28-36	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	63-89
25520621-0	2014	Prenatal nicotine exposure enhances Cx43 and Panx1 unopposed channel activity in brain cells of adult offspring mice fed a high-fat/cholesterol diet.	Nicotine	9-17	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	45-50
25520621-10	2014	Importantly, inhibition of the above mentioned enzymes and receptors, or blockade of Cx43 and Panx1 unopposed channels greatly reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate release from hippocampal slices of prenatally nicotine-exposed offspring.	Nicotine	224-232	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	94-99
25041479-8	2014	In contrast, nicotine-induced release of [(3) H]-NA in the IPN and habenula was blocked by TTX and reduced in both beta2-knockout and beta4-knockout mice, and dose-response curves were right-shifted in alpha5-knockout mice.	Nicotine	13-21	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	134-139
35600600-5	2022	Our data revealed that perinatal exposure to nicotine leads to alterations in the profiles of sperm-borne RNAs, including mRNAs and small RNAs, and that rosiglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, can attenuate the effect of nicotine and reverse the sperm-borne RNA profiles of F1 male rats to close to placebo control levels.	Nicotine	217-225	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	170-179
35305449-0	2022	Chronic nicotine up-regulates hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and ANA-12 inhibits nicotine conditioned place preference in mice.	Nicotine	8-16	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	47-51
35059736-12	2022	Furthermore, nicotine exposure increased the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and gasdermin D in 16HBE cells.	Nicotine	13-21	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	87-92
25344397-7	2014	In addition, the miRNAs that target nAChR 3" UTRs are expressed in mouse brain and are regulated by chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	108-116	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	36-41
25401222-7	2014	These studies suggest that nicotine might be promoting NSCLC growth and metastasis by inducing the secretion of SCF, and raise the possibility that targeting signalling cascades that activate E2F1 might be an effective way to combat NSCLC.	Nicotine	27-35	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	192-196
35137248-10	2022	Female rats, regardless of group, had higher conditioned responding evoked by the lowest dose of nicotine (0.025 mg/kg) in the dose-effect curve.	Nicotine	97-105	3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
35197312-1	2022	The major mode of metabolism of nicotine is via the formation of cotinine by the enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	88-113
35085258-0	2022	Nicotine treatment regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression via inhibition of Akt pathway in HER2-type breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	programmed cell death 1 ligand 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
35085258-4	2022	The PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in SK-BR-3 cells, but not those in HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 cells, decreased by nicotine stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	109-117	programmed cell death 1 ligand 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
35085258-6	2022	These results show that nicotine regulates the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.	Nicotine	24-32	programmed cell death 1 ligand 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
35163155-7	2022	Analyses of gene expression identified significant reductions in CHRNB2 and DRD1 in the nucleus accumbens core and CHRNB2 and DRD2 in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats previously exposed to nicotine vapor, relative to vehicle controls.	Nicotine	193-201	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
35053378-0	2022	Age-Dependent and Pathway-Specific Bimodal Action of Nicotine on Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Mice Lacking the miR-132/212 Genes.	Nicotine	53-61	renin binding protein	Mus musculus	0-3
35053378-2	2022	Self-administration experiments in rodents verify this biological preponderance to adolescence, suggesting evolutionary-conserved and age-defined mechanisms which influence the susceptibility to nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	195-203	renin binding protein	Mus musculus	134-137
34997096-7	2022	Furthermore, nicotine suppressed CCL21-induced bone marrow-derived pDC migration due to Rac 1 inactivation, which was reversed by methyllycaconitine, a JAK2 inhibitor AG490 or caspase-3 inhibitor AZ-10417808.	Nicotine	13-21	caspase 3	Mus musculus	176-185
35001795-13	2022	Nicotine upregulated the expression of TH, downregulated the expression of alpha-synuclein and GFAP.	Nicotine	0-8	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	75-90
35001795-13	2022	Nicotine upregulated the expression of TH, downregulated the expression of alpha-synuclein and GFAP.	Nicotine	0-8	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
2597885-1	1989	Nicotine in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) produced a significant and marked improvement in discriminative sensitivity and reaction times on a computerised test of attention and information processing.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	58-61
2597885-2	1989	Nicotine also improved the ability of DAT patients to detect a flickering light in a critical flicker fusion test.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	38-41
2597885-4	1989	Nicotine may therefore be of some value in treating deficits in attention and information processing in DAT patients.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	104-107
2747855-2	1989	Dose-response curves for angiotensin II and bradykinin were shown to be double-sigmoidal, with the first EC50 in the nM range; much lower than that for acetylcholine, nicotine or histamine.	Nicotine	167-175	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	44-54
2481202-0	1989	Inhibition of CCK or carbachol-stimulated amylase release by nicotine.	Nicotine	61-69	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
2481202-4	1989	Cells from the nicotine treated animals(16 weeks in drinking water) were incubated with either a fixed dose of CCK-8(10(-10) M) or carbachol(10(-5) M).	Nicotine	15-23	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
2481202-8	1989	Acinar cells isolated from rats treated with nicotine at nicotine concentrations of 1.23 mM also showed significant inhibition of amylase release in response to CCK-8 and carbachol compared to their identical controls.	Nicotine	45-53	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
2481202-8	1989	Acinar cells isolated from rats treated with nicotine at nicotine concentrations of 1.23 mM also showed significant inhibition of amylase release in response to CCK-8 and carbachol compared to their identical controls.	Nicotine	57-65	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
3681297-3	1987	7B2 was distributed in the chromaffin granule fraction prepared from the bovine adrenal medulla and was released by high K+ and/or nicotine from cultured cells of the bovine adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	131-139	secretogranin V	Bos taurus	0-3
3681297-4	1987	Co-release of 7B2 with catecholamine induced by nicotine from the cultured bovine chromaffin cells was also observed.	Nicotine	48-56	secretogranin V	Bos taurus	14-17
2883103-0	1987	Effects of ethanol and nicotine on gastrin and somatostatin release in rats.	Nicotine	23-31	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	35-42
2883103-1	1987	An intravenous bolus injection of nicotine (1 mg/kg) markedly elevated gastric acid secretion; oral administration of ethanol (40%, 10 ml/kg) significantly increased arterial serum gastrin and somatostatin levels.	Nicotine	34-42	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	181-188
2883103-2	1987	Chronic pretreatment with oral nicotine (5 or 25 micrograms/ml in drinking tap water, for 10 days), but not acute pretreatment with a single oral dose of nicotine (2 or 4 mg/kg), inhibited the nicotine-induced gastric acid secretion and ethanol-induced gastrin and somatostatin release.	Nicotine	31-39	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	253-260
2883103-4	1987	It is concluded that ethanol-evoked gastrin secretion could be due to activation of specific sites which are not nicotinic receptors, but which are depressed by chronic nicotine pretreatment.	Nicotine	169-177	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
3700408-5	1986	Stimulation by carbamylcholine, nicotine, 56 mM K+, or 2 mM Ba2+ led to the incorporation of 32P into a 37-kDa protein that had previously been characterized as a substrate for protein kinase C in vitro (chromobindin 9, or CB9; Summers, T. A., and Creutz, C. E. (1985) J. Biol.	Nicotine	32-40	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	204-218
6434084-0	1984	Placebo controlled trial of nicotine chewing gum in general practice.	Nicotine	28-36	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	45-48
6434084-6	1984	The value of nicotine chewing gum, if any, can be quite small when it is used in general practice.	Nicotine	13-21	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	30-33
6834109-0	1983	Nicotine stimulates secretion of both catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase from cultured adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	57-77
6834109-4	1983	The nicotinic agonist (nicotine), but not the muscarinic agonist (methacholine), released both AChE and CA from the adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	23-31	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	95-99
6834109-5	1983	The concomitant release of CA and AChE evoked by nicotine was Ca++ dependent with a correlation coefficient r = 0.82 (p less than 0.001).	Nicotine	49-57	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	34-38
6314418-5	1983	In the high-nicotine (2.87 mg) condition, there were significant positive correlations between integrated plasma nicotine and plasma arginine vasopressin (r = +0.985), its carrier protein neurophysin I (r = +0.944), and beta-endorphin-beta-lipotropin (r = +0.977), but not adrenocorticotropic hormone.	Nicotine	12-20	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	188-201
455740-5	1979	In two subjects in whom nicotine inhalation caused a rise in plasma neurophysin I, there was no detectable increase in plasma neurophysin II.	Nicotine	24-32	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	68-81
34002247-8	2021	RESULTS: Injections of nicotine into the LEntCx but not into the PrCx and BLA produced anticataleptic effect; the nicotine effect was significantly reversed by intra-LEntCx administration of NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists.	Nicotine	23-31	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	204-227
34002247-8	2021	RESULTS: Injections of nicotine into the LEntCx but not into the PrCx and BLA produced anticataleptic effect; the nicotine effect was significantly reversed by intra-LEntCx administration of NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists.	Nicotine	114-122	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	204-227
34045967-10	2021	We also found that nicotine offspring showed an increase of neurite length in the molecular layer and CA1 by Tuj1 staining, as well as an increase in the expression of synapse associated protein, PSD95, but the expression of NeuroD1 in CA1 and CA3 reduced.	Nicotine	19-27	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	196-201
33662786-0	2021	Nicotine-derived NNK induces the stemness enrichment of CRC cells through regulating the balance of DUSP4-ERK1/2 feedback loop.	Nicotine	0-8	dual specificity phosphatase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
33751631-1	2021	Prior work in male rodents established that the medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus (MHb-IPN) pathway modulates nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	116-124	MHB	Homo sapiens	89-92
33359828-10	2021	Regardless of sex, alterations in liver Dio1, miR-224 and SCD1 expressions are involved in the disturbances caused by maternal nicotine exposure during breastfeeding.	Nicotine	127-135	microRNA 224	Rattus norvegicus	46-53
33359828-10	2021	Regardless of sex, alterations in liver Dio1, miR-224 and SCD1 expressions are involved in the disturbances caused by maternal nicotine exposure during breastfeeding.	Nicotine	127-135	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
33626512-4	2021	Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1beta, IL-18, and gasdermin D.	Nicotine	54-62	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	328-333
33600854-7	2021	More importantly, clinical studies have also shown that OXT can exert beneficial effects on reducing substance use disorders of a series of drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, alcohol, cannabis and nicotine.	Nicotine	194-202	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	56-59
33221488-9	2021	Nicotine free e-vapour induced greater changes compared to the nicotine e-vapour and included, increased systemic cytokines, increased brain p-Tau and decreased postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 levels in chow-fed mice, and decreased astrogliosis marker, increased microglia and increased glycogen synthase kinase levels in HFD-fed mice.	Nicotine	0-8	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	161-198
34368810-1	2021	Objective: The aim of this study was to examine if cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit (CHRNB3) was a common genetic basis for both nicotine dependence and schizophrenia.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-96
34368810-1	2021	Objective: The aim of this study was to examine if cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit (CHRNB3) was a common genetic basis for both nicotine dependence and schizophrenia.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-104
35533447-0	2022	Asthma susceptibility in prenatal nicotine-exposed mice attributed to beta-catenin increase during CD4+ T cell development.	Nicotine	34-42	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	70-82
35533447-0	2022	Asthma susceptibility in prenatal nicotine-exposed mice attributed to beta-catenin increase during CD4+ T cell development.	Nicotine	34-42	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	99-102
35533447-3	2022	Our previous studies demonstrated that prenatal exposure to nicotine (PNE), the major active product of smoking, impairs fetal thymopoiesis and CD4+ T cell development after birth.	Nicotine	60-68	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	144-147
35137219-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: E-cigarette liquid nicotine concentrations typically are labeled as mg/mL or percent, which poorly convey nicotine strength to users.	Nicotine	33-41	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	85-87
35137219-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: E-cigarette liquid nicotine concentrations typically are labeled as mg/mL or percent, which poorly convey nicotine strength to users.	Nicotine	120-128	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	85-87
35577001-0	2022	TLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists improve immunization outcome in nicotine exposed mice through different mechanisms.	Nicotine	57-65	toll-like receptor 7	Mus musculus	9-15
35563563-5	2022	Here, we found that sulforaphane suppresses the nicotine-mediated induction of MMP-9 in human gastric cancer cells.	Nicotine	48-56	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	79-84
35563563-6	2022	We discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPKs (p38 MAPK, Erk1/2) are involved in nicotine-induced MMP-9 expression.	Nicotine	94-102	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	111-116
35563563-9	2022	Sulforaphane suppresses the nicotine-induced MMP-9 by inhibiting ROS-mediated MAPK (p38 MAPK, Erk1/2)/AP-1 and ROS-mediated NF-kappaB signaling axes, which in turn inhibit cell invasion in human gastric cancer AGS cells.	Nicotine	28-36	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	45-50
35565726-4	2022	Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	23-31	gasdermin D	Mus musculus	167-178
35565726-4	2022	Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	23-31	gasdermin D	Mus musculus	180-185
35441257-8	2022	Nicotine elevated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 and decreased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in HGFs at 24 and 72 h. Boric acid at 100 ng/mL in the medium prevented the changes induced by nicotine alone.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	100-105
35441257-8	2022	Nicotine elevated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 and decreased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in HGFs at 24 and 72 h. Boric acid at 100 ng/mL in the medium prevented the changes induced by nicotine alone.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	142-147
35427216-1	2022	CYP2A6 is a very important enzyme that plays a crucial role in nicotine compounds and is responsible for the metabolism of more than 3% drugs of total metabolized drugs by the CYP family and reported as one of very important pharmacogenes.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
35411647-2	2022	To study whether paternal nicotine exposure influences acute liver injury and repair of the offspring, we established a paternal nicotine exposure model in mice and treated the offspring mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) to induce acute liver injury.	Nicotine	26-34	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	219-223
35411647-3	2022	After the treatment of CCl4 , the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in offspring serum of paternal nicotine exposed mice are about 37.44%, and 30.21% lower than the control mice, respectively.	Nicotine	131-139	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	23-27
35411647-7	2022	In conclusion, our findings showed that nicotine exposure of male mice protects hepatic against CCl4 -induced acute injury in offspring by activating the Wnt pathway in the F1 liver.	Nicotine	40-48	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	96-100
35531217-5	2022	The observed viability in nicotine treated cells were due to elevated IL-6, IL-10 while in glucose was due to brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	26-34	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	76-81
35531217-5	2022	The observed viability in nicotine treated cells were due to elevated IL-6, IL-10 while in glucose was due to brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF).	Nicotine	26-34	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	144-148
35586938-2	2022	Lucy, a company that produces flavored nicotine gums, lozenges, and pouches, could cause confusion by mimicking the packaging of traditional chewing gum and using similar marketing for its approved smoking cessation products and non-approved products.	Nicotine	39-47	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	149-152
2587602-3	1989	To determine whether the nicotine-induced body weight reductions are associated with endocrinological changes, the levels of gastrin and CCK in plasma were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and were found significantly elevated during chronic ingestion of nicotine.	Nicotine	25-33	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	125-132
2587602-3	1989	To determine whether the nicotine-induced body weight reductions are associated with endocrinological changes, the levels of gastrin and CCK in plasma were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and were found significantly elevated during chronic ingestion of nicotine.	Nicotine	25-33	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
2587602-3	1989	To determine whether the nicotine-induced body weight reductions are associated with endocrinological changes, the levels of gastrin and CCK in plasma were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and were found significantly elevated during chronic ingestion of nicotine.	Nicotine	261-269	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	125-132
2587602-3	1989	To determine whether the nicotine-induced body weight reductions are associated with endocrinological changes, the levels of gastrin and CCK in plasma were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and were found significantly elevated during chronic ingestion of nicotine.	Nicotine	261-269	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
2784250-0	1989	Differential release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y from the isolated heart by capsaicin, ischaemia, nicotine, bradykinin and ouabain.	Nicotine	124-132	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	60-74
2784250-7	1989	Nicotine exposure induced release of CGRP- as well as NPY-LI in a concentration- and Ca2+-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	54-57
2784250-12	1989	Activation of cardiac sensory nerves by capsaicin, nicotine, bradykinin and ouabain, as well as ischaemia, induced release of CGRP while nicotine also evoked NPY release.	Nicotine	137-145	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	158-161
2915604-3	1989	Dose-response curves for neurotensin-induced secretion revealed an EC50 of 1x10(-6)M, thereby being in the range of that for acetylcholine or nicotine.	Nicotine	142-150	neurotensin	Bos taurus	25-36
33150479-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: In adult male rats, the reinforcement-enhancing effect of low-dose nicotine depends on nicotinic receptor stimulation and on neurotransmission via D1/D5 dopaminergic, opioid, alpha1-adrenergic, and CB1 cannabinoid receptors.	Nicotine	80-88	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
33375250-2	2020	One susceptibility gene to nicotine dependence is Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of nicotine to cotinine in the liver.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	50-75
33375250-2	2020	One susceptibility gene to nicotine dependence is Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of nicotine to cotinine in the liver.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	50-75
33375250-3	2020	Higher CYP2A6 activity is associated with nicotine dependence and could be regulated through DNA methylation.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	7-13
33082140-0	2020	MicroRNA-98 reduces nerve growth factor expression in nicotine-induced airway remodeling.	Nicotine	54-62	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	20-39
33082140-1	2020	Evolving evidence suggests nicotine may contribute to impaired asthma control by stimulating expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin associated with airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).	Nicotine	27-35	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	107-126
33082140-1	2020	Evolving evidence suggests nicotine may contribute to impaired asthma control by stimulating expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin associated with airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).	Nicotine	27-35	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	128-131
2908045-2	1988	Nicotine was shown to produce significant increases in plasma AVP from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 75.3 +/- 35.1 pg/ml (P less than .05) and in plasma ANF levels from 39 +/- 11 to 121 +/- 52 pg/ml (P less than .05) within 5 min of an i.v.	Nicotine	0-8	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	62-65
2908045-9	1988	The increase in ANF plasma concentrations was probably due to a primary response to nicotine, for although exogenous AVP (1 microgram i.v.)	Nicotine	84-92	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	117-120
33082140-2	2020	We explored the hypothesis that nicotine increases NGF by reducing lung fibroblast (LF) microRNA-98 (miR-98) and PPARgamma levels thus promoting airway remodeling.	Nicotine	32-40	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	51-54
2908045-12	1988	It was concluded that nicotine stimulates the secretion of AVP by activating central nicotinic projections to the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	22-30	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-62
24916432-7	2014	The initiation of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization was accompanied by the increased phosphorylated level of mTORC1 downstream target proteins including p-p70s6k and p-4EBP in the BLA, but not CeA.	Nicotine	18-26	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	162-168
24916432-9	2014	Increased p-p70s6k and p-4EBP were also observed in the expression of nicotine sensitization, which was demonstrated to be inhibited by systemic rapamycin administration.	Nicotine	70-78	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	12-18
25260978-0	2014	Differential modulation of nicotine-induced gemcitabine resistance by GABA receptor agonists in pancreatic cancer cell xenografts and in vitro.	Nicotine	27-35	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	70-83
3675573-1	1987	Elimination of nicotine by isolated rat livers was increased eightfold after pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB) as an inducer of cytochrome P-450 while it was only marginally influenced after pretreatment with 5,6-benzoflavone (BF) as an inducer of cytochrome P-448.	Nicotine	15-23	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	251-267
33419350-14	2020	If differential DNA methylation on the MYO1G, AHRR, and GFI1 genes transmit adverse effects of prenatal nicotine exposure to the child, there is a need to investigate whether preventing changes in DNA methylation by reducing the metabolic rate of nicotine and conversion to harmful metabolites may protect exposed children.	Nicotine	104-112	myosin IG	Homo sapiens	39-44
33419350-14	2020	If differential DNA methylation on the MYO1G, AHRR, and GFI1 genes transmit adverse effects of prenatal nicotine exposure to the child, there is a need to investigate whether preventing changes in DNA methylation by reducing the metabolic rate of nicotine and conversion to harmful metabolites may protect exposed children.	Nicotine	104-112	growth factor independent 1 transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	56-60
25086310-6	2014	Fat, ethanol, and nicotine, but not sucrose, increased the single- and double-labeling of ENK and c-Fos-ir in precisely the same brain areas, the middle parvocellular but not lateral area of the paraventricular nucleus, central but not basolateral nucleus of the AMYG, and core but not shell of the NAc.	Nicotine	18-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
24704146-5	2014	Studies have revealed that drugs targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) show promise for the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	142-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-95
33055223-0	2020	The influence of tobacco smoke/nicotine on CYP2A expression in Human and African Green Monkey Lungs.	Nicotine	31-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	43-48
33055223-1	2020	CYP2A enzymes metabolically inactivate nicotine and activate tobacco-derived procarcinogens (e.g. NNK, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone).	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	0-5
33055223-2	2020	Smoking decreases nicotine clearance, and chronic nicotine reduces hepatic CYP2A activity.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	75-80
33055223-3	2020	However, little is known about the impact of smoking or nicotine on the expression of CYP2A in the lung.	Nicotine	56-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	86-91
4045717-4	1985	However, subjects could discriminate gums on the basis of side-effects; thus, the ability of nicotine to serve as a reinforcer may have been due, not to its psychoactive effects, but rather because subjects believed the gum with more side-effects to be the active gum.	Nicotine	93-101	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	37-40
4045717-4	1985	However, subjects could discriminate gums on the basis of side-effects; thus, the ability of nicotine to serve as a reinforcer may have been due, not to its psychoactive effects, but rather because subjects believed the gum with more side-effects to be the active gum.	Nicotine	93-101	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	220-223
4045717-5	1985	In Study 2 we attempted to change this belief by telling subjects they would receive either the marketed nicotine gum or a new nicotine gum that is as effective as the marketed gum but has less side-effects (i.e., placebo).	Nicotine	127-135	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	136-139
4045717-5	1985	In Study 2 we attempted to change this belief by telling subjects they would receive either the marketed nicotine gum or a new nicotine gum that is as effective as the marketed gum but has less side-effects (i.e., placebo).	Nicotine	127-135	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	136-139
4045717-6	1985	In Study 3 we attempted to change the belief by telling subjects that placebo gum had more side-effects than nicotine gum.	Nicotine	109-117	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	118-121
2984301-3	1985	Nicotine, however, inhibited both extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes from PMN and O-2 production of PMN, both of which were induced by fMet-Leu-Phe and cytochalasin B.	Nicotine	0-8	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39	Homo sapiens	90-93
2984301-4	1985	The inhibition of enzyme release and O-2 production by nicotine was not affected by atropine, hexamethonium, or acetyl beta-methylcholine, suggesting a direct action of nicotine on PMN functions.	Nicotine	55-63	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39	Homo sapiens	37-40
33055223-4	2020	We investigated 1) the levels of human lung CYP2A mRNA in smokers versus non-smokers and 2) the impact of daily nicotine treatment on lung CYP2A protein levels in African Green Monkeys (AGM).	Nicotine	112-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	139-144
33055223-6	2020	The impact of chronic twice daily subcutaneous nicotine at two doses (0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg), versus vehicle, on lung CYP2A protein levels was assessed.	Nicotine	47-55	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	114-119
33055223-9	2020	Both doses of nicotine tested decreased AGM lung CYP2A protein (3 to 7-fold).	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	49-54
32920289-9	2020	RESULTS: In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-kappaB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c).	Nicotine	20-28	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
33074244-7	2020	Finally, BARP-knockout, but not NACHO-knockout mice lacked nicotine-induced antiallodynia, highlighting the functional importance of alpha6beta4 in pain.	Nicotine	59-67	CACN subunit beta associated regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	9-13
24704146-5	2014	Studies have revealed that drugs targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) show promise for the treatment of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	142-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	97-106
32362142-8	2020	In MEF cells, nicotine increased the expression of Prx1 and inhibited apoptosis and expression of p-p38 and p-JNK.	Nicotine	14-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	110-113
24704146-7	2014	In this review, we will discuss the specific interaction between PPARalpha and nicotine, and the molecular mechanisms whereby these intracellular receptors regulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor functions in neurons.	Nicotine	79-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-74
24704146-8	2014	Modulation of neurophysiological, neurochemical and behavioral effects of nicotine by PPARalpha will be also reviewed.	Nicotine	74-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	86-95
2862024-5	1985	Although both these peptides also stimulated a norepinephrine (NE) release, a significant effect was detected at concentrations of bombesin and GRP above 1 X 10(-7) M. Nicotine and pilocarpine stimulated both E and NE releases dose dependently, but the effect of pilocarpine on E and NE release was 1/100 or less potent than that of nicotine.	Nicotine	168-176	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
25038610-2	2014	In this study, we examined whether mice pretreated with chronic nicotine, at a dosing regimen that results in maximal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) upregulation, would display evidence of nicotine-dependent behaviour during nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	118-150
2862024-5	1985	Although both these peptides also stimulated a norepinephrine (NE) release, a significant effect was detected at concentrations of bombesin and GRP above 1 X 10(-7) M. Nicotine and pilocarpine stimulated both E and NE releases dose dependently, but the effect of pilocarpine on E and NE release was 1/100 or less potent than that of nicotine.	Nicotine	333-341	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
3991359-5	1985	Significant increases in levels of gastrin, CCK and PP were, however, found with infusions of BBS alone or with BBS in combination with nicotine.	Nicotine	136-144	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	44-47
25038610-2	2014	In this study, we examined whether mice pretreated with chronic nicotine, at a dosing regimen that results in maximal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) upregulation, would display evidence of nicotine-dependent behaviour during nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	152-157
33269148-5	2020	Nicotine, an alpha7-nACh receptor agonist, may boost the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and hinder the uncontrolled overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is understood to be the main pathway to poor outcomes and death in severe COVID-19.	Nicotine	0-8	alpha7-nach receptor	None	13-33
33662786-3	2021	Since studies have indicated that poorly differentiated tumors are more aggressive and metastasize earlier, leading to poorer prognosis; and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for tumor differentiation state, here we observed that the exposure of nicotine-derived 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) promoted cell sphere formation and the expression of the stem cell markers, CD44, OCT4, C-MYC and NANOG in HCT8 and DLD-1 cells.	Nicotine	261-269	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	409-413
25038610-2	2014	In this study, we examined whether mice pretreated with chronic nicotine, at a dosing regimen that results in maximal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) upregulation, would display evidence of nicotine-dependent behaviour during nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	152-157
33662786-3	2021	Since studies have indicated that poorly differentiated tumors are more aggressive and metastasize earlier, leading to poorer prognosis; and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for tumor differentiation state, here we observed that the exposure of nicotine-derived 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) promoted cell sphere formation and the expression of the stem cell markers, CD44, OCT4, C-MYC and NANOG in HCT8 and DLD-1 cells.	Nicotine	261-269	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	431-436
25038610-2	2014	In this study, we examined whether mice pretreated with chronic nicotine, at a dosing regimen that results in maximal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) upregulation, would display evidence of nicotine-dependent behaviour during nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	152-157
24755145-13	2014	Nicotine may induce a shift to the Th2 lineage and improve the Th1/Th2 imbalance.	Nicotine	0-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	35-38
32651843-10	2020	When microglial SIRT1 was inhibited by nicotine, PNX-20 lost its suppressive effect on the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, as well as the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18.	Nicotine	39-47	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
31330570-5	2020	Extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking was also associated with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the NAcore.	Nicotine	44-52	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	149-180
31330570-5	2020	Extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking was also associated with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the NAcore.	Nicotine	44-52	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
32417176-0	2020	Expression analysis of hippocampal and amygdala CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in nicotine-induced reward under stress in rats.	Nicotine	79-87	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
33782217-9	2021	Immunoreactivity in nicotine group revealed an increase in neuronal alpha-synuclein, reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme, an increase in caspase 3 and ultrastructure changes suggestive of neuronal apopto.	Nicotine	20-28	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	68-83
32417176-2	2020	The present study includes an expression analysis to identify the possible role of hippocampal and amygdala CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) activation in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) under exposure to acute or sub-chronic stress.	Nicotine	212-220	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
32171181-4	2021	Studies have confirmed that there is a genetic link between HINT1 and addictions such as nicotine and cocaine.	Nicotine	89-97	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	60-65
24755145-13	2014	Nicotine may induce a shift to the Th2 lineage and improve the Th1/Th2 imbalance.	Nicotine	0-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	67-70
33603170-0	2021	Repurposing dextromethorphan and metformin for treating nicotine-induced cancer by directly targeting CHRNA7 to inhibit JAK2/STAT3/SOX2 signaling.	Nicotine	56-64	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	131-135
32417176-2	2020	The present study includes an expression analysis to identify the possible role of hippocampal and amygdala CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) activation in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) under exposure to acute or sub-chronic stress.	Nicotine	212-220	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	163-196
32417176-4	2020	The hippocampal level of BDNF was increased following nicotine administration and in the nicotine-treated animals exposed to acute stress.	Nicotine	54-62	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
25075717-3	2014	Therefore, we hypothesized that nicotine or a nicotine metabolite such as cotinine might contribute to the inhibition of NNK-induced DNA strand breaks by interfering with CYP enzymes.	Nicotine	32-40	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	171-174
32417176-4	2020	The hippocampal level of BDNF was increased following nicotine administration and in the nicotine-treated animals exposed to acute stress.	Nicotine	89-97	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
32417176-9	2020	Acute stress-induced increase of nicotine reward increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	33-41	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
32417176-11	2020	In summary, the present study indicate that the alterations of the ratio of pCREB/CREB and also the level of BDNF in the hippocampus may be critical for enhancing nicotine reward under stress condition.	Nicotine	163-171	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
33597315-13	2021	Nicotine reduced testosterone and LH levels (P<0.01) and increased prolactin (P<0.01).	Nicotine	0-8	prolactin	Mus musculus	67-76
25075717-3	2014	Therefore, we hypothesized that nicotine or a nicotine metabolite such as cotinine might contribute to the inhibition of NNK-induced DNA strand breaks by interfering with CYP enzymes.	Nicotine	46-54	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	171-174
33215946-8	2021	CYP2E1 and CYP2A enzymes may contribute to the oxidative stress in the lungs caused by ethanol- and nicotine-metabolism, respectively.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	11-16
23231479-0	2014	Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, attenuates nicotine self-administration and reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rats.	Nicotine	57-65	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
32869057-0	2021	Frontal Cortical Monoamine Release, Attention, and Working Memory in a Perinatal Nicotine Exposure Mouse Model Following Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonism.	Nicotine	81-89	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	121-142
32927162-0	2021	Augmented autophagy suppresses thymocytes development via Bcl10/p-p65 pathway in prenatal nicotine exposed fetal mice.	Nicotine	90-98	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 10	Mus musculus	58-63
32765511-0	2020	Nicotine Changes the microRNA Profile to Regulate the FOXO Memory Program of CD8+ T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis.	Nicotine	0-8	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	77-80
32669976-8	2020	Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression.	Nicotine	0-8	vimentin	Mus musculus	84-92
32647415-17	2020	Presumably, down regulation of TIM-3 could affect MAPK and Nicotine addiction signaling pathways.	Nicotine	59-67	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
32927162-11	2021	In addition, nicotine-inhibited CD69-CD4+SP cells and the Bcl10/p-p65 pathway have been reversed by an autophagy inhibitor.	Nicotine	13-21	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	37-40
24661093-10	2014	This study examined dose-response relationships for murine alpha6beta2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) down-regulation by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	59-104
32927162-11	2021	In addition, nicotine-inhibited CD69-CD4+SP cells and the Bcl10/p-p65 pathway have been reversed by an autophagy inhibitor.	Nicotine	13-21	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 10	Mus musculus	58-63
24661093-10	2014	This study examined dose-response relationships for murine alpha6beta2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) down-regulation by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	106-111
33082140-5	2020	Compared to unexposed controls, nicotine increased NGF, FN1, ET-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression in human and mouse LFs and mouse lung homogenates.	Nicotine	32-40	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	67-73
33082140-8	2020	Similarly, rosiglitazone increased miR-98 and reversed nicotine-induced increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1.	Nicotine	55-63	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	85-88
32353393-7	2020	RESULTS: Locomotor activity and c-Fos IR changes induced by THC challenge were altered by nicotine pre-exposure and modified by age and sex.	Nicotine	90-98	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
24945726-12	2014	Nicotine augmented the activation of NF-kappaB in the presence of SLCO3A1.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1	Homo sapiens	66-73
32354626-0	2020	Nicotine promotes tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.	Nicotine	0-8	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	92-99
32354626-5	2020	Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization assays were used to determine miR-155-5p expression in human PDAC tissue and cell lines upon cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	164-172	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	83-90
32354626-7	2020	The potentials of systemic miR-155-5p inhibitor-based therapy in overcoming nicotine exposure were evaluated in tumor xenograft model.	Nicotine	76-84	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	27-34
32354626-9	2020	MiR-155-5p was found to be highly expressed in PDAC cell lines and tissues upon cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	98-106	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	0-7
32354626-10	2020	Functional studies showed that miR-155-5p knockdown could override the enhancement of oncogenic activity due to nicotine exposure in vitro and in vivo by directly interacting with the 3" untranslated regions (UTRs) of NDFIP1.	Nicotine	112-120	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	31-38
32354626-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that nicotine-regulated miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 promotes tumor progression and EMT of PDAC.	Nicotine	41-49	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	60-67
32198107-17	2020	CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that minocycline, probably through activation of P-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, confers neuroprotection against nicotine-induced neurodegeneration in rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	144-152	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	13-21	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-75
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	13-21	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-210
33082140-9	2020	Taken together, these findings demonstrate that nicotine-induced increases in NGF and other markers of airway remodeling are negatively regulated by miR-98.	Nicotine	48-56	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	78-81
32950561-4	2020	In this study, we used an aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE), which contains nicotine and soluble constituents of cigarette smoke, to induce nAChR upregulation in adult and adolescent rats.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
32815115-0	2020	Nicotine Rescues Depressive-like Behaviors via alpha7-type Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation in CaMKIV Null Mice.	Nicotine	0-8	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	106-112
32815115-3	2020	Here, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine at 0.03-0.3 mg/kg for 14 days rescued depressive-like behavior in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) null mice.	Nicotine	47-55	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	122-168
32815115-3	2020	Here, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine at 0.03-0.3 mg/kg for 14 days rescued depressive-like behavior in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) null mice.	Nicotine	47-55	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	170-176
32815115-4	2020	Chronic exposure to nicotine together with methyllycaconitine, an alpha7-type nAChR antagonist, but not with dihydro-beta-erythroidine, an alpha4beta2-type nAChR antagonist, failed to rescue the depressive-like behavior and restore the reduced number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	20-28	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	303-309
32815115-5	2020	Furthermore, chronic exposure to nicotine enhanced the PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways and increased BDNF expression in the DG of CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	33-41	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	129-135
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	13-21	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-210
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	140-148	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-75
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	140-148	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-210
32815115-8	2020	Taken together, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine rescues depressive-like behavior via alpha7-type nAChR through the activation of both PI3K/Akt and ERK/CREB pathways in CaMKIV null mice.	Nicotine	57-65	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	186-192
24277525-0	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment reverses hypothyroidism-induced impairment of L-LTP induction phase: critical role of CREB.	Nicotine	8-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
33329709-0	2020	Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of Drug Transporter ABCB1 (MDR1) and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP2A6, CYP2B6 on Nicotine Addiction and Smoking Cessation.	Nicotine	112-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	94-100
33114531-14	2020	The results indicated that alpha7nAChR, IRE1alpha, LC3 and NLRP6 expression in kidney sections was markedly increased in the nicotine groups.	Nicotine	125-133	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	51-54
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	140-148	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-210
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	140-148	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-75
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	140-148	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-210
32547713-11	2020	Importantly, nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenal betaarrestin1, thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction, also in vivo, since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specific betaarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenal betaarrestin1 expression.	Nicotine	140-148	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-210
32547713-12	2020	CONCLUSION: Adrenal betaarrestin1 upregulation is one of the mechanisms by which tobacco compounds, like nicotine, promote cardio-toxic hyperaldosteronism in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	105-113	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-33
32184221-4	2020	Here we show that beta4*nAChRs also are involved in non-nicotine-mediated responses that may predispose to addiction-related behaviors.	Nicotine	56-64	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	18-23
32184221-8	2020	Conversely, at high nicotine doses, this was reversed and beta4KO self-administered more than WT mice while beta4 overexpressing mice avoided nicotine injections.	Nicotine	20-28	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	58-63
32184221-9	2020	Viral expression of beta4 subunits in medial habenula (MHb), interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and VTA of beta4KO mice revealed dose- and region-dependent differences: beta4*nAChRs in the VTA potentiated nicotine-mediated rewarding effects at all doses, whereas beta4*nAChRs in the MHb-IPN pathway, limited VTA-ICSA at high nicotine doses.	Nicotine	200-208	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	20-25
32184221-9	2020	Viral expression of beta4 subunits in medial habenula (MHb), interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and VTA of beta4KO mice revealed dose- and region-dependent differences: beta4*nAChRs in the VTA potentiated nicotine-mediated rewarding effects at all doses, whereas beta4*nAChRs in the MHb-IPN pathway, limited VTA-ICSA at high nicotine doses.	Nicotine	320-328	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	20-25
33043973-0	2021	The role of HIF-1alpha in nicotine-induced root and bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.	Nicotine	26-34	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
33043973-3	2021	This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) in nicotine-induced osteoclastogenesis during OTM.	Nicotine	93-101	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	44-76
33043973-3	2021	This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) in nicotine-induced osteoclastogenesis during OTM.	Nicotine	93-101	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
33043973-9	2021	This nicotine-induced increase does not appear to be mediated by HIF-1alpha, since HIF-1alpha was stabilized by force application and hypoxia, but not by nicotine.	Nicotine	5-13	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
32568759-3	2020	Deletion or partial deletion of the alpha4, beta2 or both nAChR subunits reduced the sensitivity of mice to acute nicotine administration.	Nicotine	114-122	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	36-42
32184221-10	2020	Together, our findings indicate that the lack of functional beta4*nAChRs result in deficits in reward sensitivity including increased ICSA at high doses of nicotine that is restored by re-expression of beta4*nAChRs in the MHb-IPN.	Nicotine	156-164	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	60-65
32184221-10	2020	Together, our findings indicate that the lack of functional beta4*nAChRs result in deficits in reward sensitivity including increased ICSA at high doses of nicotine that is restored by re-expression of beta4*nAChRs in the MHb-IPN.	Nicotine	156-164	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	202-207
24277525-6	2014	Five minutes after MHFS, Western blotting showed an increase in the levels of P-CREB, and P-MAPKp42/44 in sham-operated control, nicotine, and nicotine-treated hypothyroid animals, but not in hypothyroid animals.	Nicotine	143-151	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
32568759-12	2020	However, following chronic treatment with 4.0 mg/kg/h nicotine, wild type, alpha4 and alpha4 mice displayed increased Y-maze crossings following acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg nicotine that may reflect the activity of alpha6beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	54-62	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	75-81
32568759-12	2020	However, following chronic treatment with 4.0 mg/kg/h nicotine, wild type, alpha4 and alpha4 mice displayed increased Y-maze crossings following acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg nicotine that may reflect the activity of alpha6beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	54-62	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	86-92
32568759-12	2020	However, following chronic treatment with 4.0 mg/kg/h nicotine, wild type, alpha4 and alpha4 mice displayed increased Y-maze crossings following acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg nicotine that may reflect the activity of alpha6beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	179-187	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	75-81
24277525-8	2014	Therefore, normalized phosphorylation of essential kinases such as P-CREB and P-MAPK p42/44 in the CA1 area of nicotine-treated hypothyroid animals plays a crucial role in nicotine-induced rescue of L-LTP induction during hypothyroidism.	Nicotine	111-119	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
32568759-12	2020	However, following chronic treatment with 4.0 mg/kg/h nicotine, wild type, alpha4 and alpha4 mice displayed increased Y-maze crossings following acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg nicotine that may reflect the activity of alpha6beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	179-187	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	86-92
31753054-6	2020	The dynorphin/KOR system is significantly decreased in depression with comorbid nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	80-88	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
32568759-13	2020	These results confirm the importance of the alpha4 and beta2 nAChR subunits in mediating acute and chronic effects of nicotine on locomotion and body temperature in the mouse.	Nicotine	118-126	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	44-50
24277525-8	2014	Therefore, normalized phosphorylation of essential kinases such as P-CREB and P-MAPK p42/44 in the CA1 area of nicotine-treated hypothyroid animals plays a crucial role in nicotine-induced rescue of L-LTP induction during hypothyroidism.	Nicotine	172-180	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
24870610-12	2014	Further, hemin alleviates the nicotine effect through a mechanism that is NOS/sGC but not CO or bilirubin-dependent.	Nicotine	30-38	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
32649943-4	2020	Nicotine inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 and TOV112D OC cells, which have TP53 mutation and wild-type KRAS, but did not inhibit the proliferation of TOV21G or HEY OC cells, which have KRAS mutation and wild-type TP53.	Nicotine	0-8	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	107-111
32473187-4	2020	The senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) assay showed that nicotine exposure induced apparent senescence phenotype of beta-TC-6 cells at an initiating dose of 100 muM and starting from 12 h. In addition, 100 and 500 muM of nicotine exposure altered the expression of senescence marker proteins, such as p16, p19 and p21.	Nicotine	77-85	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	334-337
32496054-5	2020	Additionally, there is significant genetic variability in rate of metabolism of nicotine due to polymorphisms of CYP2A6, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of approximately 80% of nicotine.	Nicotine	80-88	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
32496054-5	2020	Additionally, there is significant genetic variability in rate of metabolism of nicotine due to polymorphisms of CYP2A6, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of approximately 80% of nicotine.	Nicotine	187-195	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
32035118-12	2020	We suggest a role for the endogenous MC system, perhaps acting via MC4-R, in the nicotine-induced reward in OVX rats.	Nicotine	81-89	melanocortin 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
31135706-2	2020	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that functional alpha7-nAChRs/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is imperative for the nicotine counteraction of hemodynamic and renovascular dysfunction caused by acute endotoxemia in rats.	Nicotine	124-132	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-86
31135706-2	2020	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that functional alpha7-nAChRs/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is imperative for the nicotine counteraction of hemodynamic and renovascular dysfunction caused by acute endotoxemia in rats.	Nicotine	124-132	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
31135706-8	2020	The advantageous effects of nicotine on NECA vasodilations, survivability, and kidney biomarkers in endotoxic male rats disappeared upon concurrent exposure to methyllycaconitine citrate (alpha7-nAChR blocker) or zinc protoporphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor) and were reproduced after treatment with bilirubin, but not hemin (HO-1 inducer) or tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (carbon monoxide-releasing molecule).	Nicotine	28-36	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-238
31135706-8	2020	The advantageous effects of nicotine on NECA vasodilations, survivability, and kidney biomarkers in endotoxic male rats disappeared upon concurrent exposure to methyllycaconitine citrate (alpha7-nAChR blocker) or zinc protoporphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor) and were reproduced after treatment with bilirubin, but not hemin (HO-1 inducer) or tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (carbon monoxide-releasing molecule).	Nicotine	28-36	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	317-321
31135706-9	2020	Together, current biochemical and pharmacological evidence suggests key roles for alpha7-nAChRs and the bilirubin byproduct of the HO-1 signaling in the nicotine counteraction of renal dysfunction and reduced adenosinergic renal vasodilator capacity in endotoxic rats.	Nicotine	153-161	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
32496054-6	2020	Recent studies have shown CYP2A6 is also readily inhibited by aromatic aldehydes such as those added to e-cigarette liquids as flavoring agents, which may increase nicotine serum concentrations.	Nicotine	164-172	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
32496054-7	2020	However, the impacts of e-cigarette flavorings on metabolism of nicotine by CYP2A6 activity are unknown.	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	76-82
32496054-13	2020	These data indicate certain aromatic aldehyde flavoring agents are potent inhibitors of CYP2A6, which may reduce nicotine metabolism in vivo.	Nicotine	113-121	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
32673702-4	2021	Double immunofluorescence histochemistry against CD31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen revealed that nicotine increased the number of newly generated vascular endothelial cells within the hematoma.	Nicotine	107-115	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	58-92
24298024-3	2014	We examined the antiinflammatory effect of nicotine, a potent alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) agonist, with regard to TLR expression and signaling during sepsis.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	62-101
24298024-3	2014	We examined the antiinflammatory effect of nicotine, a potent alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) agonist, with regard to TLR expression and signaling during sepsis.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	103-114
32228671-0	2020	A naturally-occurring 22-bp coding deletion in Ugt86Dd reduces nicotine resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.	Nicotine	63-71	UDP-glycosyltransferase family 35 member C1	Drosophila melanogaster	47-54
22862850-1	2014	The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human mu-opioid receptor (MOPR) gene (OPRM1) was associated with heightened dopamine release by alcohol intake, better treatment outcome for nicotine and alcohol addiction, and reduced analgesic responses to morphine.	Nicotine	195-203	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
32228671-2	2020	In previous work we implicated the detoxification gene Ugt86Dd in the genetic control of larval nicotine resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.	Nicotine	96-104	UDP-glycosyltransferase family 35 member C1	Drosophila melanogaster	55-62
32228671-8	2020	Our data strongly suggest that the naturally-occurring 22-bp insertion/deletion event in Ugt86Dd directly impacts variation in nicotine resistance in D. melanogaster.	Nicotine	127-135	UDP-glycosyltransferase family 35 member C1	Drosophila melanogaster	89-96
31240842-1	2020	Preclinical data indicate that selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists reduce nicotine self-administration and withdrawal symptoms.	Nicotine	82-90	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	41-62
31240842-2	2020	The aim of the current study was to determine whether treatment with CERC-501, an orally available, potent, and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, could alleviate nicotine withdrawal and craving and mitigate mood alterations associated with nicotine withdrawal in humans.	Nicotine	172-180	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	122-143
32304995-5	2020	Nicotine-induced PTS acceleration was sensitive to the general nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and d-tubocurarine as well as to the alpha3beta4-nAChR antagonist alpha-conotoxin AulB, but not to other antagonists primarily addressing alpha3beta2-nAChR or alpha4-, alpha7- and alpha9-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4	Mus musculus	252-279
31125988-0	2020	Using Nicotine Gum to Assist Nondaily Smokers in Quitting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.	Nicotine	6-14	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	15-18
24667010-5	2014	RESULTS: SNP x nicotine dependence interactions reached region-wide significance for several SNPs in the Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (DBH) locus (0.0005&lt;Adjusted-P&lt;0.05), including rs1541333, which reached system-wide significance for predicting end of treatment (EOT) abstinence (Adjusted-P=0.0004).	Nicotine	15-23	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	105-130
31125988-3	2020	This study tested the effect of nicotine gum, used to prevent or react to situational temptations, for helping ITS quit.	Nicotine	32-40	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	41-44
31125988-4	2020	METHODS: ITS (smoking 4-27 days/month) seeking help quitting were randomized to 2 mg nicotine gum (n = 181) or placebo (n = 188), to be used to anticipate or react to temptations to smoke, for 8 weeks.	Nicotine	85-93	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	94-97
31926917-10	2020	Additionally, nicotine enhanced the expression of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 but decreased the p62 protein level.	Nicotine	14-22	nucleoporin 62	Mus musculus	92-95
31631328-6	2020	Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	297-302
31631328-6	2020	Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.	Nicotine	31-39	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	345-351
31733321-10	2020	During short-term nicotine exposure, glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), GAD65, and mu-opioid receptors (MOR) up-regulated.	Nicotine	18-26	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
32526913-1	2020	The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel expressed on capsaicin-sensitive afferents, immune and endothelial cells is activated by inflammatory mediators and exogenous irritants, e.g., endotoxins, nicotine, crotonaldehyde and acrolein.	Nicotine	221-229	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	4-42
32526913-1	2020	The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel expressed on capsaicin-sensitive afferents, immune and endothelial cells is activated by inflammatory mediators and exogenous irritants, e.g., endotoxins, nicotine, crotonaldehyde and acrolein.	Nicotine	221-229	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	44-49
31403667-8	2020	By real-time PCR test, the mRNA of alpha 4 nAChR and beta 2 nAChR in rats given nicotine increased significantly compared with ischemic rats and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA (all ps < .05).	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
32174265-2	2020	In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nAChR stimulation with nicotine on the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression and identify the molecular pathway involved in neuroprotection.Methods: We conducted miRNA expression profiling using a microarray to identify the miRNAs regulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
32174265-2	2020	In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nAChR stimulation with nicotine on the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression and identify the molecular pathway involved in neuroprotection.Methods: We conducted miRNA expression profiling using a microarray to identify the miRNAs regulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	301-309	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
31881170-1	2020	Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) containing the beta2 subunit is a potentially critical mechanism underlying the body weight (BW) reducing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	181-189	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	79-84
31978493-6	2020	The involvement of brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the nicotine-mediated effects was assessed with the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB) inhibitor, ANA-12.	Nicotine	70-78	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	118-147
31978493-6	2020	The involvement of brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the nicotine-mediated effects was assessed with the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB) inhibitor, ANA-12.	Nicotine	70-78	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	149-153
31978493-9	2020	Finally, we showed that nicotine mediates the effects of WTS only on resilience to stress by increasing BDNF and TRKB levels and signaling.	Nicotine	24-32	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	113-117
31978493-13	2020	Finally, it identifies BDNF/TRKB signaling pathway as a major mediator of the positive effects of nicotine on social interaction.	Nicotine	98-106	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	28-32
31733321-17	2020	Nicotine appears to alter pain sensitivity by affecting the expression of GAD65, GAD67, MOR, endorphins, and GABA.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
30815984-1	2020	The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; 3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) is an index of CYP2A6 activity.	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	79-85
30815984-2	2020	CYP2A6 is responsible for nicotine"s metabolic inactivation and variation in the NMR/CYP2A6 is associated with several smoking behaviors.	Nicotine	26-34	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
24667010-5	2014	RESULTS: SNP x nicotine dependence interactions reached region-wide significance for several SNPs in the Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (DBH) locus (0.0005&lt;Adjusted-P&lt;0.05), including rs1541333, which reached system-wide significance for predicting end of treatment (EOT) abstinence (Adjusted-P=0.0004).	Nicotine	15-23	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	132-135
24667010-6	2014	A haplotype including 6 DBH SNPs predicted abstinence at EOT (OR=1.7, P=0.001) and 6-month follow-up (OR=1.6, P=0.008) in those with high nicotine dependence (n=526) but not in those with low dependence (n=227).	Nicotine	138-146	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	24-27
24755994-2	2014	Animal studies indicate that the dysphoric state associated with nicotine withdrawal is at least partly mediated by an increase in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) release in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA).	Nicotine	65-73	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	131-161
31628204-0	2020	The Novel CYP2A6 Inhibitor, DLCI-1, Decreases Nicotine Self-Administration in Mice.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
31628204-1	2020	During tobacco and e-cigarette use, nicotine is mainly metabolized in the human liver by CYP2A6.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	89-95
31628204-2	2020	Given that a slower CYP2A6 metabolism has been associated with less vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence, the current studies sought to validate a novel CYP2A6 inhibitor, (5-(4-ethylpyridin-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methanamine (DLCI-1), for its effects on intravenous nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	93-101	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
31628204-2	2020	Given that a slower CYP2A6 metabolism has been associated with less vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence, the current studies sought to validate a novel CYP2A6 inhibitor, (5-(4-ethylpyridin-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methanamine (DLCI-1), for its effects on intravenous nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	270-278	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	161-167
32256594-3	2020	Nicotine and tobacco in cigarettes can stimulate MMP-9 which plays vital physiological roles in normal tissue growth and repair processes.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	49-54
24755994-2	2014	Animal studies indicate that the dysphoric state associated with nicotine withdrawal is at least partly mediated by an increase in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) release in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA).	Nicotine	65-73	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	216-219
31721205-9	2020	The data indicated that only EtOH + NIC administration into the pVTA simultaneously increased glutamate, dopamine, and BDNF in the NAc shell.	Nicotine	36-39	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
24755994-3	2014	In the present study, we investigated whether a sustained overexpression of CRF in the CeA affects the dysphoric-like state associated with nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	140-148	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	87-90
24755994-11	2014	In conclusion, the overexpression of CRF in the CeA diminishes the dysphoric-like state associated with nicotine withdrawal and this might be driven by neuroadaptive changes in CRF1 and CRF2 receptor gene expression.	Nicotine	104-112	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	48-51
30958557-11	2020	In the LgA rats, nAChR blockade with mecamylamine decreased nicotine intake for 2 hours and this was followed by a rebound increase in nicotine intake.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
30958557-11	2020	In the LgA rats, nAChR blockade with mecamylamine decreased nicotine intake for 2 hours and this was followed by a rebound increase in nicotine intake.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
31694445-10	2020	BDNF closely followed the behavioral results: CGS 21680 alleviated the enhancement in NAcc BDNF in NQ-treated animals, and eliminated the increase in NAcc BDNF produced by nicotine in controls.	Nicotine	172-180	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
24621512-8	2014	In addition, we find nicotine signaling also inhibits the interaction of YAP1 with P63, which contributes to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on apoptosis.	Nicotine	21-29	tumor protein p63	Homo sapiens	83-86
32947225-9	2020	Real-time fMRI NF studies concluded that nicotine-dependent individuals could modulate craving-related brain responses, while mixed results were revealed regarding smokers" ability to modulate brain responses related to resistance towards the urge to smoke.	Nicotine	41-49	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	15-17
24621512-8	2014	In addition, we find nicotine signaling also inhibits the interaction of YAP1 with P63, which contributes to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on apoptosis.	Nicotine	134-142	tumor protein p63	Homo sapiens	83-86
31897506-0	2020	The alpha7-nAChR/heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide pathway mediates the nicotine counteraction of renal inflammation and vasoconstrictor hyporeactivity in endotoxic male rats.	Nicotine	71-79	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-33
31897506-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that nicotine guards against endotoxemia-associated renal inflammation and vasoconstrictor dysfunction via the activation of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7-nAChRs)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) cascade.	Nicotine	70-78	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-263
24287136-4	2014	MPO1 is coordinately regulated with other nicotine biosynthesis genes with regard to COI1-MYC2-dependent jasmonate induction and its dependence on nicotine-specific ERF transcription factors, whereas NtDAO1 is constitutively expressed at low basal levels in tobacco plants.	Nicotine	42-50	coronatine-insensitive protein 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	85-89
31897506-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that nicotine guards against endotoxemia-associated renal inflammation and vasoconstrictor dysfunction via the activation of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7-nAChRs)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) cascade.	Nicotine	70-78	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	265-269
33997178-10	2021	Finally, we observed that nicotine suppressed VPS33B expression by inducing PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-mediated transcription suppression.	Nicotine	26-34	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
33052306-5	2020	In the presence of nicotine, INS1 and sACE2 showed a reduced binding affinity score of -12.6 kcal/mol (Vs -15.7 kcal/mol without nicotine), and a lowered interface area of 1933.6 A2 (Vs 2057.3A2 without nicotine).	Nicotine	19-27	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	29-33
33052306-5	2020	In the presence of nicotine, INS1 and sACE2 showed a reduced binding affinity score of -12.6 kcal/mol (Vs -15.7 kcal/mol without nicotine), and a lowered interface area of 1933.6 A2 (Vs 2057.3A2 without nicotine).	Nicotine	129-137	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	29-33
24478678-0	2014	Habenular expression of rare missense variants of the beta4 nicotinic receptor subunit alters nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	94-102	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	54-59
33052306-5	2020	In the presence of nicotine, INS1 and sACE2 showed a reduced binding affinity score of -12.6 kcal/mol (Vs -15.7 kcal/mol without nicotine), and a lowered interface area of 1933.6 A2 (Vs 2057.3A2 without nicotine).	Nicotine	129-137	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	29-33
33052306-8	2020	However, nicotine showed a higher binding affinity score of -6.33 kcal/mol for the sACE2-INS1 complex than the sACE2 alone with -5.24 kcal/mol.	Nicotine	9-17	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	89-93
31846720-0	2020	Reduced testicular steroidogenesis in rat offspring by prenatal nicotine exposure: Epigenetic programming and heritability via nAChR/HDAC4.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
31733211-8	2019	Collectively, our data suggest that nicotine enhances cathepsin B-dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and the consequent production of a novel permeability factor HMGB1, which causes disruption of inter-endothelial tight junctions leading to endothelial hyperpermeability.	Nicotine	36-44	cathepsin B	Mus musculus	54-65
33052306-9	2020	A lowered inhibitory constant value of 22.95microM recorded while nicotine interacted with the sACE2-INS1 complex over the sACE2 alone with 151.69 microM.	Nicotine	66-74	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	101-105
24478678-1	2014	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, encoding the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, has been linked to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	148-156	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	72-77
33052306-10	2020	In summary, nicotine showed a profound binding affinity for the sACE2-INS1 complex than the sACE2 alone paving for the clinical trials to validate its therapeutic efficacy as a bitter compound against the SARS-CoV-2 virulence.	Nicotine	12-20	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	70-74
31553625-0	2019	Perinatal nicotine exposure alters AKT/GSK-3beta/mTOR/autophagy signaling leading to development of hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype in rat neonatal brain.	Nicotine	10-18	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
31553625-9	2019	Nicotine exposure significantly inhibited autophagy activities in neonatal brain tissues, characterized by an increased ratio of p-mTOR/total mTOR protein expression but reduced levels of ATG5, Beclin 1 and LC3beta I/II.	Nicotine	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
31733211-0	2019	Contribution of cathepsin B-dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation to nicotine-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.	Nicotine	71-79	cathepsin B	Mus musculus	16-27
31553625-9	2019	Nicotine exposure significantly inhibited autophagy activities in neonatal brain tissues, characterized by an increased ratio of p-mTOR/total mTOR protein expression but reduced levels of ATG5, Beclin 1 and LC3beta I/II.	Nicotine	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
24478678-10	2014	Mice injected with the beta4-containing virus showed pronounced aversion to nicotine as previously observed in transgenic Tabac mice overexpressing Chrnb4 at endogenous sites including the MHb.	Nicotine	76-84	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	23-28
31553625-10	2019	Treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin effectively blocked nicotine-mediated autophagy deficiency and more importantly, reversed nicotine-induced increase in HI brain infarction.	Nicotine	60-68	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
31733211-7	2019	Nicotine increased endothelial cell lysosomal membrane permeability and triggered the lysosomal release of cathepsin B, whereas these events were prevented by pretreating cells with a lysosome stabilizing agent, dexamethasone.	Nicotine	0-8	cathepsin B	Mus musculus	107-118
31553625-10	2019	Treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin effectively blocked nicotine-mediated autophagy deficiency and more importantly, reversed nicotine-induced increase in HI brain infarction.	Nicotine	130-138	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
31817720-9	2019	Our results showed that TIPE2 was involved in nicotine-, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)-, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-mediated lung cancer through inhibited proliferation, survival, and migration via modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)- and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, which are involved in the regulation of diverse processes in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	46-54	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
24854235-17	2014	The second study revealed that nicotine exposure increased AChE activity in the NAc to a greater extent in adolescent versus adult rats.	Nicotine	31-39	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
31817720-9	2019	Our results showed that TIPE2 was involved in nicotine-, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)-, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-mediated lung cancer through inhibited proliferation, survival, and migration via modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)- and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, which are involved in the regulation of diverse processes in lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	57-65	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
31685649-0	2019	Activation of PPARgamma attenuates the expression of physical and affective nicotine withdrawal symptoms through mechanisms involving amygdala and hippocampus neurotransmission.	Nicotine	76-84	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
31685649-3	2019	Preclinical and clinical data have shown that pioglitazone reduces alcohol and opioid self-administration, relapse to drug seeking and plays a role in emotional responses.Here, we investigated the behavioural effect of PPARgamma manipulation on nicotine withdrawal in male Wistar rats and in male mice with neuron-specific PPARgamma deletion (PPARgamma (-/-)) and their littermate wild type (PPARgamma (+/+)) controls.	Nicotine	245-253	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	219-228
31685649-4	2019	Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and RNAscope in situ hybridization assays were used for assessing the levels of expression and cell-type localization of PPARgamma during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	168-176	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	151-160
31553625-13	2019	These findings suggest that perinatal nicotine-mediated alteration of AKT/GSK-3beta/mTOR signaling plays a key role in down-regulation of autophagic flux, which contributes to the development of hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain.	Nicotine	38-46	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
31525533-8	2019	Our data showed that nicotine upregulated Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2, and downregulated ASK1 in 4NQO-induced OLK in mice, at least in part dependent on Prx1.	Nicotine	21-29	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	42-45
31525533-9	2019	The modulations of Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1 by nicotine were also found in OLK smokers compared to OLK non-smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	19-22
31735744-5	2019	Nicotine reportedly increases the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysms by activating endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensinogen and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, leading to an increase in neutrophil elastase, oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression, which causes vascular wall weakness and damage.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	241-273
31735744-7	2019	Additionally, isoflavone suppressed elastic fiber destruction and decreased areas positive for MMP-2, neutrophil elastase, and malondialdehyde in the vascular wall of nicotine-administered mice.	Nicotine	167-175	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	95-100
31660076-20	2019	Conclusion: Exosomal miR-21-3p from nicotine-treated macrophages may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by increasing VSMC migration and proliferation through its target PTEN.	Nicotine	36-44	microRNA 181a-1	Mus musculus	21-30
31492869-0	2019	Central nicotine induces browning through hypothalamic kappa opioid receptor.	Nicotine	8-16	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	55-76
31492869-4	2019	Here, we show that nicotine induces the browning of WAT through a central mechanism and that this effect is dependent on the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), specifically in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).	Nicotine	19-27	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	125-146
31492869-4	2019	Here, we show that nicotine induces the browning of WAT through a central mechanism and that this effect is dependent on the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), specifically in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).	Nicotine	19-27	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
31564117-1	2019	Nicotine and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcripts (CART) have several overlapping functions, such as the regulation of reward, feeding behavior, stress response, and anxiety.	Nicotine	0-8	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
31564117-2	2019	Previous studies showed that nicotine regulates CART expression in various brain regions.	Nicotine	29-37	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
31564117-4	2019	This study investigated the regulatory effect of nicotine on promoter activity of the CART gene in PC12 cells, which were differentiated into a neuronal phenotype by nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment.	Nicotine	49-57	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
31564117-8	2019	In differentiated PC12 cells, exposure to 50 nM nicotine for 6 h increased CART promoter activity.	Nicotine	48-56	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
31564117-11	2019	Taken together, these data indicate that nicotine may exert some of its actions through the regulation of CART transcription in the brain.	Nicotine	41-49	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
31144406-3	2019	Here, we have found that carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone (NNK)-induced tumors developing in Tg-SPC-SFN+/- mice show a similar histology to human lung adenocarcinoma and exhibit high hSFN expression.	Nicotine	36-44	stratifin	Mus musculus	113-116
31316930-8	2019	Expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the dorsal raphe were decreased in the nicotine withdrawal rats, in contrast, treadmill running increased TPH and 5-HT expressions.	Nicotine	117-125	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-37
31316930-8	2019	Expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the dorsal raphe were decreased in the nicotine withdrawal rats, in contrast, treadmill running increased TPH and 5-HT expressions.	Nicotine	117-125	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
31316930-10	2019	Expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were decreased in the nicotine withdrawal rats, in contrast, treadmill running increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB expressions.	Nicotine	100-108	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	15-48
31316930-11	2019	The numbers of the doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells and 5-bromo-2"-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were suppressed in the nicotine withdrawal rats, in contrast, treadmill running enhanced the numbers of DCX-positive cells and BrdU-positive cells.	Nicotine	147-155	doublecortin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
31316930-11	2019	The numbers of the doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells and 5-bromo-2"-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were suppressed in the nicotine withdrawal rats, in contrast, treadmill running enhanced the numbers of DCX-positive cells and BrdU-positive cells.	Nicotine	147-155	doublecortin	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
31207874-6	2019	Cotinine content converted from nicotine in HepG2 cells for 120 min was 0.22 and 0.25 mug/mg protein in 50 mug/mL of SGV and SGK, respectively, which were 2.86 and 3.57 times higher than the no-treatment control.	Nicotine	32-40	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
30467710-8	2019	Co-treatment of CST with nicotine or PACAP increased quantal size, plausibly due to increased synthesis of CgA, CgB and SgII by CST.	Nicotine	25-33	secretogranin II	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
30260034-8	2019	Besides, the 0.15 muM nicotine-2 muM cotinine mixture also reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 expressions in pterygium cells by 1.56- ( P = 0.043) and 1.27-fold ( P = 0.012), respectively.	Nicotine	22-30	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	104-109
30600444-3	2019	Intravenous injection of nicotine (30 mug/kg), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, significantly augmented the odor-induced increase response of olfactory bulb blood flow, without changes in the basal blood flow level.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	49-81
30600444-4	2019	The nicotine-induced augmentation of the olfactory bulb blood flow response to odor was negated by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, an alpha4beta2-preferring nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	152-184
30683315-6	2019	PTCH1 and beta-TrCP were down-regulated in nicotine treated mice Leydig cells, while GSK3beta, Gli2 and Gli2 fragments increased significantly.	Nicotine	43-51	patched 1	Mus musculus	0-5
30683315-7	2019	Nicotine stimulated the destabilization of Gli2 via beta-TrCP induced ubiquitination and degradation.	Nicotine	0-8	GLI-Kruppel family member GLI2	Mus musculus	43-47
30815604-1	2019	Purpose: This study investigated whether a gene polymorphism causing a Val66Met substitution (rs6265) in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with smoking initiation, smoking cessation, nicotine dependence and age of smoking initiation, in Japanese participants.	Nicotine	204-212	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	105-138
30815604-1	2019	Purpose: This study investigated whether a gene polymorphism causing a Val66Met substitution (rs6265) in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with smoking initiation, smoking cessation, nicotine dependence and age of smoking initiation, in Japanese participants.	Nicotine	204-212	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	140-144
30741422-0	2019	Nicotine induces cell survival and chemoresistance by stimulating Mcl-1 phosphorylation and its interaction with Bak in lung cancer.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
30741422-5	2019	Meanwhile, nicotine can reduce the sensitivity of H1299 cells to CDDP via enhancement of the binding of Mcl-1 to Bak, which inhibits the proapoptotic effect of Bak and ultimately leads to increased survival and drug resistance of lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	11-19	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
30741422-5	2019	Meanwhile, nicotine can reduce the sensitivity of H1299 cells to CDDP via enhancement of the binding of Mcl-1 to Bak, which inhibits the proapoptotic effect of Bak and ultimately leads to increased survival and drug resistance of lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	11-19	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
30741422-6	2019	Thus, nicotine-induced cell survival and chemoresistance may occur in a mechanism by stimulating Mcl-1 phosphorylation and its interaction with Bak, which may contribute to improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of human lung cancer.	Nicotine	6-14	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
30414973-6	2019	In Experiment 3, we determined the potential role of KOR in the pro-impulsive effects of yohimbine (1.25 mg/kg) and nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) by the prior administration of the KOR antagonist nor-BNI (10 mg/kg).	Nicotine	116-124	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
30414973-6	2019	In Experiment 3, we determined the potential role of KOR in the pro-impulsive effects of yohimbine (1.25 mg/kg) and nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) by the prior administration of the KOR antagonist nor-BNI (10 mg/kg).	Nicotine	116-124	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
30642446-8	2019	Furthermore, in mice receiving nicotine, A549dupalpha7 xenografts show: (i) a significant reduction of tumor growth, and (ii) decreased expression of cell markers for proliferation (Ki67) or angiogenesis (VEGF) compared to A549 xenografts.	Nicotine	31-39	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	205-209
29228369-0	2019	Nicotine Gum as a Therapeutic Approach for Low Blood Pressure in Parkinson"s Disease: A Randomized Pilot Study.	Nicotine	0-8	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	9-12
29228369-3	2019	The absorption rate of nicotine gum is relatively quick and absorbed at a constant rate.	Nicotine	23-31	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	32-35
29228369-4	2019	Our objective was to evaluate how nicotine gum affects acute low BP in PD.	Nicotine	34-42	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	43-46
29228369-8	2019	Results: On the nicotine gum treatment day, the baseline systolic BP was 94.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 4.4), and it increased in a parabolic pattern to be 115.8 (SD = 11.2) in 20 min, 124.2 (SD = 9.3) in 40 min, and 133.2 (SD = 13.1) in 60 min reaching the highest value, and then decreased to be 121.6 (SD = 10.4) in 90 min.	Nicotine	16-24	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	25-28
29228369-10	2019	Conclusions: Our data suggests that 4 mg of nicotine gum can increase systolic BP within 10 min of administration.	Nicotine	44-52	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	53-56
29228369-11	2019	It is strongly warranted that further research should pursue the use of nicotine gum as an intervention to treat acute episodes of low BP in individuals with PD.	Nicotine	72-80	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	81-84
29228369-13	2019	This study found an increase in systolic blood pressure within 10 min of administering nicotine gum to Parkinson"s subjects with low BP.	Nicotine	87-95	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	96-99
29228369-15	2019	Nicotine gum gets absorbed rapidly and may act as a therapeutic novel approach to individuals whose daily lives are interrupted with low BP.	Nicotine	0-8	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	9-12
30085294-5	2019	Twelve and 24 weeks of exposure to all the smokeless tobacco products and nicotine significantly decreased the levels of circulating CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11b+ monocytes, whereas 4 weeks of exposure to Camel snus and Copenhagen snuff significantly depleted the levels of peripheral blood CD19+ B cells and CD11b+ monocytes.	Nicotine	74-82	B-lymphocyte antigen CD19	Camelus bactrianus	133-137
30085294-5	2019	Twelve and 24 weeks of exposure to all the smokeless tobacco products and nicotine significantly decreased the levels of circulating CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11b+ monocytes, whereas 4 weeks of exposure to Camel snus and Copenhagen snuff significantly depleted the levels of peripheral blood CD19+ B cells and CD11b+ monocytes.	Nicotine	74-82	B-lymphocyte antigen CD19	Camelus bactrianus	315-319
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	344-367
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	369-373
29472642-10	2018	TAAR1 activation was sufficient to block nicotine-induced c-Fos expression in the NAc, while also reducing nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc.	Nicotine	41-49	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
30322398-0	2018	Regulation of Sox2 and stemness by nicotine and electronic-cigarettes in non-small cell lung cancer.	Nicotine	35-43	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
30322398-10	2018	RESULTS: Here we demonstrate that nicotine can induce the expression of embryonic stem cell factor Sox2, which is indispensable for self-renewal and maintenance of stem cell properties in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) cells.	Nicotine	34-42	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
30036686-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine (0.1-10 muM) reduced the expression of LXRalpha, LXRbeta, SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in a concentration dependent manner, which could be annulled by nAChR antagonist and LXR agonist.	Nicotine	10-18	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
30036686-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine (0.1-10 muM) reduced the expression of LXRalpha, LXRbeta, SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in a concentration dependent manner, which could be annulled by nAChR antagonist and LXR agonist.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
30036686-7	2018	Taken together, nicotine could inhibit the expression of SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 via nAChR and LXR alpha/beta in female placentas, finally leading to reduced blood cholesterol levels in fetal rats.	Nicotine	16-24	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
30036686-7	2018	Taken together, nicotine could inhibit the expression of SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 via nAChR and LXR alpha/beta in female placentas, finally leading to reduced blood cholesterol levels in fetal rats.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
29902578-5	2018	Inducing and silencing of GATA3 were done by exposure MCF-7 cell line to nicotine or curcumin, respectively.	Nicotine	73-81	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	26-31
30015910-7	2018	Nicotine upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC1, TRPC6 and Orai1, increased basal [Ca2+]i and enhanced SOCE.	Nicotine	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
30015910-7	2018	Nicotine upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC1, TRPC6 and Orai1, increased basal [Ca2+]i and enhanced SOCE.	Nicotine	0-8	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
29966661-0	2018	Nicotine induces oral dysplastic keratinocyte migration via fatty acid synthase-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor activation.	Nicotine	0-8	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	60-79
29966661-6	2018	Nicotine upregulates hepatic FASN, but whether this response occurs in oral dysplastic keratinocytes is unknown.	Nicotine	0-8	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	29-33
29966661-7	2018	We hypothesized that in oral dysplastic keratinocytes, nicotine triggers a migratory phenotype through FASN-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, a common pro-oncogenic event supporting oral carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	55-63	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	103-107
29966661-8	2018	We report that in oral dysplastic cells, nicotine markedly upregulates FASN leading to FASN-dependent EGFR activation and increased cell migration.	Nicotine	41-49	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	71-75
29966661-8	2018	We report that in oral dysplastic cells, nicotine markedly upregulates FASN leading to FASN-dependent EGFR activation and increased cell migration.	Nicotine	41-49	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	87-91
29864448-8	2018	alpha7-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs were involved in nicotine-induced [3H]-GABA release in control and mdx synaptosomes.	Nicotine	63-71	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	22-27
29954848-0	2018	Chrna5-Expressing Neurons in the Interpeduncular Nucleus Mediate Aversion Primed by Prior Stimulation or Nicotine Exposure.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	0-6
31119680-0	2019	Chronic Nicotine Exposure Alters Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5: Longitudinal PET Study and Behavioural Assessment in Rats.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	33-66
31681430-7	2019	Our results also show that alcohol and nicotine exposure altered sperm cell quality, which may be related to the methylation levels of MEST and GNAS.	Nicotine	39-47	mesoderm specific transcript	Homo sapiens	135-139
31619789-0	2019	Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes.	Nicotine	23-31	transcription factor 7 like 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
31619789-4	2019	Nicotine increases levels of blood glucose by TCF7L2-dependent stimulation of the mHb.	Nicotine	0-8	transcription factor 7 like 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
31619789-6	2019	By contrast, mutant Tcf7l2 rats are resistant to these actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	transcription factor 7 like 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-26
31619789-7	2019	Our findings suggest that TCF7L2 regulates the stimulatory actions of nicotine on a habenula-pancreas axis that links the addictive properties of nicotine to its diabetes-promoting actions.	Nicotine	70-78	transcription factor 7 like 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
31377559-6	2019	The co-administration of aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), pentoxifylline (TNFalpha inhibitor), or nicotine attenuated lipopolysaccharide mediation of renal vasodilations and elevations in alpha7/alpha4beta2-nAChR and iNOS expressions.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	207-212
31153915-3	2019	In this study, the effect of orexin receptor-2 (OX2R) and cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) blockade were investigated in response to nicotine in male rats, on the neural activity of VTA.	Nicotine	130-138	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-86
31315660-3	2019	Additionally, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels can be altered significantly after repeated nicotine exposure, suggesting a potential mechanism contributing to nicotine-induced behavioral phenotypes.	Nicotine	106-114	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-47
31315660-3	2019	Additionally, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels can be altered significantly after repeated nicotine exposure, suggesting a potential mechanism contributing to nicotine-induced behavioral phenotypes.	Nicotine	106-114	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
31315660-3	2019	Additionally, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels can be altered significantly after repeated nicotine exposure, suggesting a potential mechanism contributing to nicotine-induced behavioral phenotypes.	Nicotine	174-182	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-47
31315660-3	2019	Additionally, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels can be altered significantly after repeated nicotine exposure, suggesting a potential mechanism contributing to nicotine-induced behavioral phenotypes.	Nicotine	174-182	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
31315660-4	2019	The present study investigated the role of sex on nicotine-induced changes to stimulus-response behavior and associated BDNF protein levels.	Nicotine	50-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
31123168-11	2019	This may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of metastatic tumors from cigarette smoke-caused lung cancer by blocking the nicotine-activated LINC00460 pathway.	Nicotine	164-172	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460	Homo sapiens	183-192
31162139-7	2019	In vitro studies with cultures of LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages revealed a concentration-dependent reduction in CCL2 secretion following stimulation with ACh, nicotine and muscarine.	Nicotine	167-175	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	120-124
31028757-1	2019	Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2) are localized in brain regions implicated in stress response, reward seeking and aversive responses, raising the possibility that PACAP may be involved in motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	280-288	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor 1	Mus musculus	77-81
31028757-1	2019	Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2) are localized in brain regions implicated in stress response, reward seeking and aversive responses, raising the possibility that PACAP may be involved in motivational effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	280-288	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2	Mus musculus	94-99
31164900-6	2019	However, results from our analysis suggest heterogeneous effects of CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 on nicotine dependence in males and females.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-74
31164900-6	2019	However, results from our analysis suggest heterogeneous effects of CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 on nicotine dependence in males and females.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-85
31119189-4	2019	During intravenous nicotine self-administration in male rats, nicotine increased expression of transthyretin, a protein selectively produced and released by the choroid plexus, and microRNA-204 (mir-204), a transcript found in high levels in the choroid plexus and CSF.	Nicotine	62-70	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	95-108
31119189-4	2019	During intravenous nicotine self-administration in male rats, nicotine increased expression of transthyretin, a protein selectively produced and released by the choroid plexus, and microRNA-204 (mir-204), a transcript found in high levels in the choroid plexus and CSF.	Nicotine	62-70	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	265-268
30944308-7	2019	Surprisingly, VPS33B was downregulated in the nicotine-treated and LMP-1-overexpressing NPC cells by targeting PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-mediated signaling.	Nicotine	46-54	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
30695700-4	2019	Alcohol and nicotine use, however, are associated with lower TSPO levels.	Nicotine	12-20	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	61-65
30722977-0	2019	Changes in striatal dopamine release and locomotor activity following acute withdrawal from chronic nicotine are mediated by CRF1, but not CRF2, receptors.	Nicotine	100-108	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
30722977-1	2019	The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in the alterations of the dorsal and ventral striatal dopamine release and the vertical and horizontal locomotor activity observed in rats following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal.	Nicotine	289-297	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
30722977-1	2019	The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in the alterations of the dorsal and ventral striatal dopamine release and the vertical and horizontal locomotor activity observed in rats following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal.	Nicotine	289-297	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
30722977-9	2019	The present study demonstrates that the changes of striatal dopamine release and locomotor activity observed following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal are mediated by CRF1, but not CRF2, receptor.	Nicotine	127-135	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
30129253-11	2019	In Experiment 3, nicotine treatment increased NAc dopamine turnover across both HAP2/3 and LAP2/3 mouse lines.	Nicotine	17-25	leucine aminopeptidase 2, serum	Mus musculus	91-95
30760814-14	2019	Seeking the clinical relevance of our study, following our recent publication that reports the role of EZH2 in nicotine-mediated breast cancer development and progression, we observed significant reduced expression of SUMF1 in breast cancer patient samples with smoking history in comparison to never-smoked patient samples.	Nicotine	111-119	sulfatase modifying factor 1	Homo sapiens	218-223
30381441-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The major mode of metabolism of nicotine is by hydroxylation via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6, but it can also undergo glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and oxidation by flavin monooxygenases (FMO).	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	77-102
30381441-6	2019	In addition to FMO1 and FMO3, the functional FMO2427Q isoform was active against nicotine, whereas FMO4 and FMO5 exhibited low activity against nicotine (K m > 5.0 mmol/L).	Nicotine	144-152	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 5	Homo sapiens	108-112
30381441-8	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that increases in nicotine-N"-oxidation occur in subjects with deficient CYP2A6 activity, and that several FMO enzymes are active in nicotine-N"-oxidation.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	106-112
30381441-9	2019	IMPACT: Several common missense FMO variants are associated with altered enzyme activity against nicotine and may play an important role in nicotine metabolism in low-CYP2A6 activity subjects.	Nicotine	97-105	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	167-173
30381441-9	2019	IMPACT: Several common missense FMO variants are associated with altered enzyme activity against nicotine and may play an important role in nicotine metabolism in low-CYP2A6 activity subjects.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	167-173
30272249-0	2019	Nicotine Promotes Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Immortalized Cervical Epithelial Cells (H8) Proliferation by Activating RPS27a-Mdm2-P53 Pathway In Vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	124-128
30272249-8	2019	In addition, reduction of RPS27a expression in nicotine treatment H8 cells up-regulated phosphorylation of Mdm2 at serine residue 166, followed by facilitating Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of P53.	Nicotine	47-55	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	107-111
30272249-8	2019	In addition, reduction of RPS27a expression in nicotine treatment H8 cells up-regulated phosphorylation of Mdm2 at serine residue 166, followed by facilitating Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of P53.	Nicotine	47-55	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	160-164
30272249-9	2019	Simply put, these findings suggest that nicotine promotes H8 cell lines proliferation by activating RPS27a-Mdm2-P53 pathway in vitro.	Nicotine	40-48	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	107-111
30659208-1	2019	Recent studies demonstrate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be associated with nicotine addiction, and circulating BDNF is a biomarker of memory and general cognitive function.	Nicotine	98-106	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	32-65
30659208-1	2019	Recent studies demonstrate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be associated with nicotine addiction, and circulating BDNF is a biomarker of memory and general cognitive function.	Nicotine	98-106	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	67-71
30551393-0	2019	Enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis and suppressed adenosine deaminase activity by lithium attenuates hepatic triglyceride accumulation in nicotine-exposed rats.	Nicotine	139-147	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	51-70
30488987-3	2019	This study examined the moderating effects of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs7557793) in the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD1) gene, which is implicated in the conversion of glutamate to GABA, on P300-indices of auditory attentional processing; the influence of nicotine administration was also assessed.	Nicotine	271-279	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
30488987-11	2019	CONCLUSION: These findings expand our knowledge regarding the attentional effects of GAD1 genetic variants in relation to nicotine.	Nicotine	122-130	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
31404286-4	2019	Specifically, rat models of nicotine consumption and cue-induced relapse were used to examine the effects of selective antagonism of these two nAChR subtypes on the primary reinforcement of nicotine and the conditioned reinforcing actions of nicotine-associated environmental stimuli (cues).	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
31404286-4	2019	Specifically, rat models of nicotine consumption and cue-induced relapse were used to examine the effects of selective antagonism of these two nAChR subtypes on the primary reinforcement of nicotine and the conditioned reinforcing actions of nicotine-associated environmental stimuli (cues).	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
30419272-8	2019	Serotonin through its actions on 5-HT2C receptors has been shown to play a key role in modulating the reinforcement of addictive drugs, including nicotine and alcohol.	Nicotine	146-154	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	376-398
30054897-5	2018	This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as alpha3beta4, alpha7, and alpha4beta2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).	Nicotine	74-82	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	400-404
30393121-5	2018	Drugs like nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine, amphetamine, and GBR12909 that increase the synaptic levels of ACh and DA respectively all increased impulsive behavior.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	11-33
30393121-5	2018	Drugs like nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine, amphetamine, and GBR12909 that increase the synaptic levels of ACh and DA respectively all increased impulsive behavior.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
29901817-0	2018	Nicotine treatment ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing MAdCAM-1 expression and leukocyte recruitment.	Nicotine	0-8	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	66-74
29901817-8	2018	Nicotine treatment significantly attenuated MAdCAM-1 expression, leukocyte recruitment, DAI, and histological score.	Nicotine	0-8	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	44-52
29901817-10	2018	In vitro study, the TNF-alpha-enhanced mRNA expression of MAdCAM-1 was reduced by the coadministration of nicotine in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via nicotinic receptor activation.	Nicotine	106-114	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	58-66
29901817-11	2018	These results supported our hypothesis that nicotine treatment ameliorated colitis through the suppression of MAdCAM-1 expression on the microvessels in the inflamed colon.	Nicotine	44-52	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	110-118
30099202-6	2018	Nicotine exposure starting at p21 or p38, but not p54, disrupted adult hippocampus-dependent fear conditioning.	Nicotine	0-8	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	30-33
29981921-6	2018	Furthermore, blocking alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha4beta2-nAChR) or glucocorticoid receptor rescued the above effects of nicotine and corticosterone, respectively.	Nicotine	143-151	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-113
30017709-0	2018	Effects of concurrent blockade of OX2 and CB1 receptors in the ventral tegmental area on nicotine-induced place preference in rats.	Nicotine	89-97	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
30017709-7	2018	The findings of this study support the possible role of OX2 and CB1 receptors in the VTA, in the acquisition and the expression of nicotine-induced place preference.	Nicotine	131-139	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
30150424-1	2018	BACKGROUND/AIM: We have previously reported that simvastatin exhibits antioxidant properties via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP-response element binding (CREB) protein-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and chronic nicotine exposure inhibits ERK/CREB signaling in renal proximal tubule cells (through p66shc).	Nicotine	244-252	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-225
30150424-2	2018	Herein, whether nicotine dampens simvastatin-dependent HO1 induction was determined.	Nicotine	16-24	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
30150424-6	2018	RESULTS: Nicotine suppressed simvastatin-dependent activation of HO1 and MnSOD promoters and activity of CREB and ELK1 via p66shc.	Nicotine	9-17	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
30150424-6	2018	RESULTS: Nicotine suppressed simvastatin-dependent activation of HO1 and MnSOD promoters and activity of CREB and ELK1 via p66shc.	Nicotine	9-17	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
29883681-0	2018	Delayed effects of combined stress and Abeta infusion on L-LTP of the dentate gyrus: Prevention by nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
29995408-2	2018	The development of a specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), the major nicotine-metabolizing enzyme in humans, which could be prescribed for the cessation of cigarette smoking, has been undertaken.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	43-62
29995408-2	2018	The development of a specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), the major nicotine-metabolizing enzyme in humans, which could be prescribed for the cessation of cigarette smoking, has been undertaken.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
29740849-6	2018	Atorvastatin administration suppressed apoptotic pathway and downregulated SLC22A1, transporter of nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-82
29617909-6	2018	Female 6-month-old rats exposed to nicotine during gestation and lactation exhibited significantly decreased visceral adipocyte cell area by 40%, attributed, in part, to a 3-fold increase in adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein expression compared with vehicle.	Nicotine	35-43	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Rattus norvegicus	191-218
29617909-6	2018	Female 6-month-old rats exposed to nicotine during gestation and lactation exhibited significantly decreased visceral adipocyte cell area by 40%, attributed, in part, to a 3-fold increase in adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein expression compared with vehicle.	Nicotine	35-43	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Rattus norvegicus	220-224
29770521-9	2018	nAChR antagonists did not intensify kainate neurotoxicity and inhibited the neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
29954848-3	2018	The Chrna5/a3/b4 locus is conserved in rodents and the restricted expression of these subunits suggests neural pathways through which the reinforcing and aversive properties of nicotine may be mediated.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	4-10
29954848-11	2018	These results using mice of both sexes support the idea that the risk allele of CHRNA5 may increase the drive to smoke via loss of IP-mediated nicotine aversion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the receptors and neural pathways underlying the reinforcing and aversive effects of nicotine may suggest new treatments for tobacco addiction.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	80-86
29954848-11	2018	These results using mice of both sexes support the idea that the risk allele of CHRNA5 may increase the drive to smoke via loss of IP-mediated nicotine aversion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the receptors and neural pathways underlying the reinforcing and aversive effects of nicotine may suggest new treatments for tobacco addiction.	Nicotine	283-291	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	80-86
30087722-0	2018	Genetic Polymorphism of CYP2A6 and Its Relationship with Nicotine Metabolism in Male Bataknese Smokers Suffered from Lung Cancer in Indonesia.	Nicotine	57-65	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
30087722-2	2018	AIM: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between CYP2A6 gene polymorphism with nicotine metabolism rates and lung cancer incidence among smokers of Batak ethnic group in Indonesia.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	58-64
30087722-10	2018	CONCLUSION: Among the Bataknese smokers studied, the CYP2A6*1B allele was found to be the most common allele and showed the highest rate of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	53-59
29896224-0	2018	Nicotine reduces effectiveness of doxorubicin chemotherapy and promotes CD44+CD24- cancer stem cells in MCF-7 cell populations.	Nicotine	0-8	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-76
29906478-6	2018	Increased oxidative stress by tramadol and/or nicotine sequentially augmented nuclear factor kappa B and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha with the induction of apoptosis evident by the increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity.	Nicotine	46-54	caspase 3	Mus musculus	219-228
28585241-0	2018	Reduced alpha4 subunit expression in alpha4+- and alpha4+- /beta2+- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors alters alpha4beta2 subtype up-regulation following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	161-169	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	60-65
29748129-8	2018	Responses to pressure-ejected nicotine in sca-1 mutants are indistinguishable from wild type, which implies the ACR-16 receptors are mislocalized at the NMJ.	Nicotine	30-38	Calcium-transporting ATPase	Caenorhabditis elegans	42-47
29658573-6	2018	The protein levels of sonic hedgehog (Shh), glioma-associated oncoprotein 1 (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in nicotine-induced Hh signaling were also detected.	Nicotine	107-115	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	44-75
29658573-6	2018	The protein levels of sonic hedgehog (Shh), glioma-associated oncoprotein 1 (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in nicotine-induced Hh signaling were also detected.	Nicotine	107-115	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
28485403-8	2018	Moreover, schizophrenia patients who had completed suicide and/or were positive for nicotine exposure had significantly higher full-length GAD1 expression in the DLPFC.	Nicotine	84-92	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
29572652-11	2018	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest differential roles for alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR on alcohol taking and seeking with selective blockade of alpha4beta2 nAChR being more implicated in modulating alcohol taking while selective blockade of alpha3beta4 nAChR is involved in nicotine-induced alcohol seeking.	Nicotine	280-288	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
29572652-11	2018	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest differential roles for alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR on alcohol taking and seeking with selective blockade of alpha4beta2 nAChR being more implicated in modulating alcohol taking while selective blockade of alpha3beta4 nAChR is involved in nicotine-induced alcohol seeking.	Nicotine	280-288	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
29496477-8	2018	Following CNN, acute nicotine stimulated IEG expression in all three areas, but activation was significantly reduced in the LC (c-Fos, Egr-1, Npas4), and CeA (c-Fos).	Nicotine	21-29	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
29496477-8	2018	Following CNN, acute nicotine stimulated IEG expression in all three areas, but activation was significantly reduced in the LC (c-Fos, Egr-1, Npas4), and CeA (c-Fos).	Nicotine	21-29	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
24358207-0	2013	Nicotine-induced expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor in oral epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	31-63
24358207-4	2013	Our previous microarray data revealed that nicotine induced low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression in oral epithelial cells (OECs).	Nicotine	43-51	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	60-92
29174061-5	2018	These results were related to maternal smoking, allowing to speculate that nicotine, in addition to the well-known damages, can exert adverse effects during cerebellar cortex development, in particular in hindering the BDNF expression in the posterior lobule.	Nicotine	75-83	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	219-223
24358207-4	2013	Our previous microarray data revealed that nicotine induced low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression in oral epithelial cells (OECs).	Nicotine	43-51	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	94-98
29710856-8	2018	Immunoblot analysis indicated that nicotine increased cortical protein levels of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1&amp;beta; by 88% (p &lt; 0.05), 48% (p &lt; 0.05) and 149% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively, when compared to the saline-treated group.	Nicotine	35-43	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-149
24358207-5	2013	The aim of the present study was to confirm nicotine-mediated LDLR induction and to elucidate the signaling mechanisms leading to the augmented expression of LDLR in OECs.	Nicotine	44-52	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	62-66
29710856-8	2018	Immunoblot analysis indicated that nicotine increased cortical protein levels of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1&amp;beta; by 88% (p &lt; 0.05), 48% (p &lt; 0.05) and 149% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively, when compared to the saline-treated group.	Nicotine	35-43	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
24358207-5	2013	The aim of the present study was to confirm nicotine-mediated LDLR induction and to elucidate the signaling mechanisms leading to the augmented expression of LDLR in OECs.	Nicotine	44-52	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	158-162
24358207-11	2013	The results confirmed that nicotine induced LDLR expression at the transcriptional level.	Nicotine	27-35	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	44-48
25214750-5	2013	The genetic variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region that predict nicotine dependence also predict a later age of smoking cessation in a community-based sample.	Nicotine	69-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-48
29477596-6	2018	Furthermore, blockade of beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) prevented the effects of nicotine on LTD. Taken together, these results suggest that in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex, nicotine facilitates LTD through enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission, presumably mediated by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	110-118	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	25-30
23978469-8	2013	Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further demonstrated an increase in the binding of a methyl-binding protein and a decrease in TBP binding to AT2R promoter in vivo in neonatal brains of nicotine-treated animals.	Nicotine	189-197	TATA box binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
29477596-6	2018	Furthermore, blockade of beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) prevented the effects of nicotine on LTD. Taken together, these results suggest that in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex, nicotine facilitates LTD through enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission, presumably mediated by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	110-118	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	340-345
29477596-6	2018	Furthermore, blockade of beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) prevented the effects of nicotine on LTD. Taken together, these results suggest that in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex, nicotine facilitates LTD through enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission, presumably mediated by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	222-230	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	25-30
29477596-6	2018	Furthermore, blockade of beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) prevented the effects of nicotine on LTD. Taken together, these results suggest that in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex, nicotine facilitates LTD through enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission, presumably mediated by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	222-230	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	340-345
29437173-7	2018	Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers.	Nicotine	69-77	paired box 2	Homo sapiens	168-172
24192532-0	2013	The contribution of common UGT2B10 and CYP2A6 alleles to variation in nicotine glucuronidation among European Americans.	Nicotine	70-78	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	27-34
29203303-5	2018	Furthermore, the blockade of the CeA cannabinoid CB1 receptors by the injection of AM251 (0.75 and 1ng/rat) reversed the potentiative effect of nicotine (0.6mg/kg, s.c.) on morphine-induced amnesia.	Nicotine	144-152	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
29203303-7	2018	Confirmed by the cubic interpolation planes, the dose-response data revealed a cross-state-dependent learning between morphine and nicotine which may be mediated by the CeA endocannabinoid system via CB1 receptors.	Nicotine	131-139	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
29416034-7	2018	Moreover, silencing NLRP3 or ASC by small interfering RNA efficiently suppressed nicotine-induced caspase-1 cleavage, IL-18 and IL-1beta production, and pyroptosis in HAECs.	Nicotine	81-89	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	118-123
24192532-2	2013	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-2B10 (UGT2B10) is the primary catalyst of nicotine glucuronidation.	Nicotine	70-78	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	0-32
24192532-2	2013	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-2B10 (UGT2B10) is the primary catalyst of nicotine glucuronidation.	Nicotine	70-78	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	34-41
29300488-10	2018	Uptake and efflux assays showed that ABCA8 mediates efflux of [3H]cholesterol and [3H]taurocholate, while it showed no significant efflux activity for [3H]estrone sulfate, [3H]digoxin, [3H]vinblastine, [3H]para-aminohippuric acid, [3H]oleic acid, [14C]nicotine, or [3H]methotrexate.	Nicotine	252-260	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8	Homo sapiens	37-42
24192532-3	2013	MATERIALS AND METHODS: The conversion of deuterated (D2)-nicotine to D2-nicotine-glucuronide, D2-cotinine, D2-cotinine-glucuronide, and D2-trans-3"-hydroxycotinine were quantified in 188 European Americans, and the contribution of UGT2B10 genotype to variability in first-pass nicotine glucuronidation assessed, following a procedure previously applied to nicotine C-oxidation.	Nicotine	57-65	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	231-238
24192532-8	2013	CONCLUSION: CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 genotype explain 53% of the variance in oral nicotine glucuronidation in this sample.	Nicotine	76-84	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	23-30
29158210-7	2018	The CYP2A6 phenotype ratio (total 3"-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) was significantly higher at early and late pregnancy compared with postpartum (all P &lt; 0.05) and correlated with nicotine C-oxidation (all P &lt; 0.001), suggesting CYP2A6 activity is induced during pregnancy.	Nicotine	179-187	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
24192532-9	2013	CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 genetic variants are also significantly associated with undeuterated (D0) nicotine glucuronidation in individuals smoking ad libitum.	Nicotine	93-101	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10	Homo sapiens	11-18
29158210-7	2018	The CYP2A6 phenotype ratio (total 3"-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) was significantly higher at early and late pregnancy compared with postpartum (all P &lt; 0.05) and correlated with nicotine C-oxidation (all P &lt; 0.001), suggesting CYP2A6 activity is induced during pregnancy.	Nicotine	179-187	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	231-237
24095863-8	2013	Moreover, P-ERK/ERK ratio was modified by nicotine addition to 5-FU and CPT treated cells in an opposite manner.	Nicotine	42-50	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	10-15
24499207-0	2013	Nicotine exposure during differentiation causes inhibition of N-myc expression.	Nicotine	0-8	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	62-67
29178785-0	2017	Highly Selective and Potent alpha4beta2 nAChR Antagonist Inhibits Nicotine Self-Administration and Reinstatement in Rats.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
29178785-1	2017	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is the most predominant subtype in the brain and is a well-known culprit for nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
24499207-8	2013	Further investigation demonstrated that cells differentiated in the presence of nicotine had decreased N-myc mRNA and protein expression and longer doubling times, a biological effect consistent with downregulation of N-myc.	Nicotine	80-88	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	103-108
24499207-8	2013	Further investigation demonstrated that cells differentiated in the presence of nicotine had decreased N-myc mRNA and protein expression and longer doubling times, a biological effect consistent with downregulation of N-myc.	Nicotine	80-88	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	218-223
24499207-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to use primate ESC to demonstrate that nicotine can affect cellular differentiation from pluripotency into fibroblasts, and in particular, mediate N-myc expression in differentiating ESCs.	Nicotine	76-84	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	184-189
28681937-0	2017	Maternal nicotine exposure leads to decreased cardiac protein disulfide isomerase and impaired mitochondrial function in male rat offspring.	Nicotine	9-17	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	54-81
28681937-5	2017	Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that nicotine impairs placental protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) triggering an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading us to hypothesize that this may also occur in the heart.	Nicotine	43-51	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	70-97
23926288-0	2013	Bimodal concentration-response of nicotine involves the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channels in mouse trachea and sensory neurons.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	56-88
28681937-5	2017	Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that nicotine impairs placental protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) triggering an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading us to hypothesize that this may also occur in the heart.	Nicotine	43-51	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
28681937-6	2017	At 3 months of age, nicotine-exposed offspring had 45% decreased PDI levels in the absence of endoplasmic reticulum stress.	Nicotine	20-28	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
28681937-8	2017	Collectively, this study suggests that perinatal nicotine exposure decreases PDI, which can promote oxidative damage and mitochondrial damage, associated with a premature decline in cardiac function.	Nicotine	49-57	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
23849545-0	2013	(R)-nicotine biosynthesis, metabolism and translocation in tobacco as determined by nicotine demethylase mutants.	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 82C4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	84-104
23681163-12	2013	Overall, TBA-1, CDC-42, EIF3.C, ARP-6, and Y45F10D.4 were the most reliable reference genes for mutigenerational nicotine-exposed study.	Nicotine	113-121	Actin-like protein C08B11.6	Caenorhabditis elegans	32-37
28856944-1	2017	The human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and the respiratory CYP2A13 enzymes play role in nicotine metabolism and activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogens.	Nicotine	91-99	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	16-41
28856944-1	2017	The human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and the respiratory CYP2A13 enzymes play role in nicotine metabolism and activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogens.	Nicotine	91-99	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	62-69
23747348-4	2013	A significant inverse correlation between the locomotor and hypothermic effects and the density of nicotine binding sites suggested that differential expression alpha4beta2-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated some of this genetic variability.	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	182-214
29200986-11	2017	Modulation of Wnt/beta-catenin activity either worsens or reverses the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	82-90	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	18-30
23747348-4	2013	A significant inverse correlation between the locomotor and hypothermic effects and the density of nicotine binding sites suggested that differential expression alpha4beta2-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated some of this genetic variability.	Nicotine	99-107	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	216-221
29200986-12	2017	Conclusions: We have identified a bidirectional function of nicotine on mESC proliferation through regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and this is associated with different doses.	Nicotine	60-68	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	121-133
23747348-6	2013	However, null mutant mice still respond to nicotine, indicating that other nAChR subtypes also mediate these responses.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	75-80
23747348-9	2013	While genetic variability in nAChR expression and function is an important factor contributing to differences in response to nicotine, the observations that altered activity of opioid, glutamate, and cannabinoid receptors among others also change nicotine sensitivity reinforces the proposal that the genetics of nicotine response is more complex than differences in nAChRs.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	29-34
23811312-3	2013	Recent evidence indicates that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), ligand-gated cation channels activated by ACh and nicotine, may contribute to ethanol-mediated activation of VTA DAergic neurons although the nAChR subtype(s) involved has not been fully elucidated.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	66-71
29069228-1	2017	Studies suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulate dopaminergic activity in response to nicotine and that the concentrations of BDNF and cortisol seem to be dependent on the amount and duration of smoking.	Nicotine	158-166	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	21-54
29069228-1	2017	Studies suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulate dopaminergic activity in response to nicotine and that the concentrations of BDNF and cortisol seem to be dependent on the amount and duration of smoking.	Nicotine	158-166	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	56-60
23831952-9	2013	In contrast to the studies with alpha4 and alpha6 knockout mice, nicotine treatment did reduce L-dopa-induced AIMs in parkinsonian alpha7 nAChR knockout mice.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	131-143
24028591-8	2013	The concentrations of SP and IL-1beta were significantly increased in cells incubated with NEP inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, in cells incubated with ECE-1/NEP inhibitors, compared with controls (cells incubated with LPS or nicotine alone).	Nicotine	229-237	endothelin converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	155-160
28668504-3	2017	Some studies show that the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 receptors have a central role in the induction and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization.	Nicotine	118-126	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
28608236-0	2017	The Neuroprotective Effect of Curcumin Against Nicotine-Induced Neurotoxicity is Mediated by CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway.	Nicotine	47-55	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
23939223-4	2013	We show that SNAP-25 deficient mice exposed to prenatal nicotine exhibit hyperactivity and deficits in social interaction.	Nicotine	56-64	synaptosomal-associated protein 25	Mus musculus	13-20
23939223-6	2013	We found that prenatal exposure to nicotine in Snap25 heterozygote null mice produced a deficit in the D2R-dependent induction of LTD, although CB1R regulation of plasticity was not impaired.	Nicotine	35-43	synaptosomal-associated protein 25	Mus musculus	47-53
28867606-6	2017	Results indicated that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine precipitated elevations in ICSS thresholds in rats receiving a chronic infusion of nicotine alone or EC liquids (3.2mg/kg/day, via osmotic pump).	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	27-59
24062692-4	2013	Recently, variants in the nAChR genes CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 have been implicated in nicotine dependence and lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-64
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	161-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	161-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
28637659-9	2017	Males exposed to perinatal nicotine decreased the percent time spent awake and increased time in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, without changes to REM sleep.	Nicotine	27-35	rad and gem related GTP binding protein 1	Mus musculus	122-125
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	253-261	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	253-261	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
23966683-3	2013	The results demonstrated that nicotine exposure during gestation at low doses (0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg/d) significantly increased mRNA levels and density of neurons that express ENK in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala, OX, and another orexigenic peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus in preweanling offspring.	Nicotine	30-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
28698187-1	2017	The alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is important in central nervous system physiology and in mediating several of the pharmacological effects of nicotine on cognition, attention, and affective states.	Nicotine	166-174	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-48
28698187-1	2017	The alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is important in central nervous system physiology and in mediating several of the pharmacological effects of nicotine on cognition, attention, and affective states.	Nicotine	166-174	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
28867672-7	2017	E-liquid, nicotine, and E-liquid+ nicotine reduced phagocytic recognition molecules; SR-A1 and TLR-2.	Nicotine	34-42	steroid receptor RNA activator 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
23966683-5	2013	Colabeling of the cell proliferation marker BrdU with the neuronal marker NeuN and peptides revealed a marked stimulatory effect of prenatal nicotine on neurogenesis, but not gliogenesis, and also on the number of newly generated neurons expressing ENK, OX, or melanin-concentrating hormone.	Nicotine	141-149	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
23966683-5	2013	Colabeling of the cell proliferation marker BrdU with the neuronal marker NeuN and peptides revealed a marked stimulatory effect of prenatal nicotine on neurogenesis, but not gliogenesis, and also on the number of newly generated neurons expressing ENK, OX, or melanin-concentrating hormone.	Nicotine	141-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	249-252
23385624-7	2013	Nicotine treatment selectively reversed the HRM-related phenotype in most brain areas and increased BDNF gene expression in cortex and hippocampus of both genotypes.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	100-104
28338391-7	2017	RESULTS: Fluids containing nicotine exerted cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased levels of LDH, in parallel to the presence of numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm, a decrease in collagen I production, and augmented LC3 II expression.	Nicotine	27-35	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	219-222
23454400-0	2013	Nicotine-induced retardation of chondrogenesis through down-regulation of IGF-1 signaling pathway to inhibit matrix synthesis of growth plate chondrocytes in fetal rats.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
27848935-0	2017	Distinct Roles of CREB Within the Ventral and Dorsal Hippocampus in Mediating Nicotine Withdrawal Phenotypes.	Nicotine	78-86	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
27848935-3	2017	Previous work indicates that hippocampal-specific alterations in CREB signaling and synaptic plasticity may underlie certain nicotine withdrawal phenotypes.	Nicotine	125-133	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
27848935-7	2017	Deletion of CREB in the ventral, but not dorsal, hippocampus resulted in amelioration of nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in the Novelty-Induced Hypophagia test.	Nicotine	89-97	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
27848935-10	2017	Collectively, these data provide persuasive evidence towards the distinct roles of CREB within the dorsal and ventral hippocampus separately in mediating select nicotine withdrawal phenotypes.	Nicotine	161-169	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
23454400-7	2013	Moreover, nicotine exposure induced the inhibition of matrix synthesis and down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling in fetal growth plates.	Nicotine	10-18	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-122
28257922-9	2017	DrG cell line and zebrafish exposed to nicotine significantly increased the elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) while depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidise(GPx1a) was observed.	Nicotine	39-47	glutathione peroxidase 1a	Danio rerio	275-280
23454400-7	2013	Moreover, nicotine exposure induced the inhibition of matrix synthesis and down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling in fetal growth plates.	Nicotine	10-18	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
28368384-5	2017	Conversely, Glp1r knockout mice consumed greater quantities of nicotine than wild-type mice.	Nicotine	63-71	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	12-17
23454400-9	2013	Nicotine inhibited matrix synthesis and down-regulated IGF-1 signaling in chondrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	0-8	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
28028605-8	2017	Both corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 and kappa-opioid receptor antagonists diminish dysphoria and anxiety-like behavior associated with nicotine withdrawal and inhibit stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.	Nicotine	142-150	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	5-68
23454400-10	2013	These results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure induces delayed chondrogenesis and that the mechanism may involve the down-regulation of IGF-1 signaling and the inhibition of matrix synthesis by growth plate chondrocytes.	Nicotine	36-44	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
28028605-8	2017	Both corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 and kappa-opioid receptor antagonists diminish dysphoria and anxiety-like behavior associated with nicotine withdrawal and inhibit stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.	Nicotine	206-214	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	5-68
23637165-0	2013	Targeted deletion of the mouse alpha2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (Chrna2) potentiates nicotine-modulated behaviors.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	38-70
28028605-9	2017	Furthermore, blockade of vasopressin 1b receptors diminishes dysphoria during nicotine withdrawal, and melanocortin 4 receptor blockade prevents stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.	Nicotine	177-185	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	103-126
23637165-7	2013	Overall, our results suggest that loss of the mouse nAChR alpha2 subunit has very limited effects on baseline behavior but does lead to the potentiation of several nicotine-modulated behaviors.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	52-57
22705310-4	2013	In this mini review, we describe the functional consequences of FAAH inhibition on nicotine reward and dependence as well as the underlying endocannabinoid and non-cannabinoid receptor systems mediating these effects.	Nicotine	83-91	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	64-68
28287404-6	2017	Six of the PSENEN mutation carriers presented with comorbid acne inversa (AI), an inflammatory hair follicle disorder, and had a history of nicotine abuse and/or obesity, which are known trigger factors for AI.	Nicotine	140-148	presenilin enhancer, gamma-secretase subunit	Homo sapiens	11-17
22705310-5	2013	Interestingly, FAAH inhibition seems to mediate nicotine dependence differently in mice and rats.	Nicotine	48-56	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Mus musculus	15-19
27604968-0	2017	Restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on periodontal ligament-derived stem cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation.	Nicotine	58-66	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	15-23
23352971-0	2013	Varenicline and nicotine enhance GABAergic synaptic transmission in rat CA1 hippocampal and medial septum/diagonal band neurons.	Nicotine	16-24	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
27604968-2	2017	miR-1305 upregulation and its potential target RUNX2 downregulation exist in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	0-8
27604968-3	2017	In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nicotine inhibits PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation by increasing miR-1305 level and decreasing RUNX2 level.	Nicotine	47-55	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	142-150
27604968-4	2017	METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-1305 and RUNX2 in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine, respectively.	Nicotine	164-172	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	120-128
27604968-8	2017	RESULTS: Nicotine promoted miR-1305 expression and inhibited RUNX2 expression in PDLSCs.	Nicotine	9-17	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	27-35
27604968-9	2017	Cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation detection showed that nicotine suppressed proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieved the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs.	Nicotine	223-231	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	180-188
27604968-10	2017	Moreover, we identified and validated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-1305, and upregulation of RUNX2 had similar effects with the downregulation of miR-1305 on relieving the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs.	Nicotine	202-210	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	72-80
27604968-10	2017	Moreover, we identified and validated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-1305, and upregulation of RUNX2 had similar effects with the downregulation of miR-1305 on relieving the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs.	Nicotine	202-210	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	155-163
27604968-11	2017	CONCLUSION: Nicotine suppresses proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs depending on its target RUNX2.	Nicotine	162-170	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	119-127
23352971-5	2013	KEY FINDINGS: Both varenicline (10 muM) and nicotine (10 muM) applications alone resulted in small but significant increases in amplitude, as well as robustly enhanced frequency of mIPSCs in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and medial septum/diagonal band (MS/DB) neurons.	Nicotine	44-52	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-206
28332590-0	2017	Nicotine enhances alcohol intake and dopaminergic responses through beta2* and beta4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	68-73
23431157-0	2013	Contribution of alpha7 nicotinic receptor to airway epithelium dysfunction under nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	16-41
28332590-8	2017	Finally, we showed that nicotine-induced modifications of alcohol responses were absent in beta2-/- and beta4-/- mice, suggesting that nicotine triggers beta2* and beta4 * nAChR-dependent neuroadaptations that subsequently modify the responses to alcohol and thus indicating these receptors as key mediators in the complex interactions between these two drugs.	Nicotine	24-32	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	153-158
28332590-8	2017	Finally, we showed that nicotine-induced modifications of alcohol responses were absent in beta2-/- and beta4-/- mice, suggesting that nicotine triggers beta2* and beta4 * nAChR-dependent neuroadaptations that subsequently modify the responses to alcohol and thus indicating these receptors as key mediators in the complex interactions between these two drugs.	Nicotine	135-143	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	153-158
23431157-5	2013	Moreover, prolonged nicotine exposure mimics the absence of alpha7 nAChR in mice or its inactivation in vitro in human airway epithelial cell cultures.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	60-72
28413702-4	2017	Both FMO1 and FMO3 were potentially susceptible genes for nicotine metabolism process.	Nicotine	58-66	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	14-18
23204070-0	2013	Nicotine-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in human airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	59-71
27737788-0	2017	Chronic FAAH inhibition during nicotine abstinence alters habenular CB1 receptor activity and precipitates depressive-like behaviors.	Nicotine	31-39	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
23222296-5	2013	Nicotine-induced ACh production was mediated by alpha7-, alpha3beta2-, and beta3-nAChRs, ChAT and VAChT pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Homo sapiens	98-103
27737788-9	2017	Taken together, our results suggest that chronic FAAH inhibition prevents the homeostatic adaptations of habenular CB1 receptor function that are necessary for the recovery from nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	178-186	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
23222296-6	2013	We observed that nicotine upregulated ChAT and VAChT.	Nicotine	17-25	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Homo sapiens	47-52
23223006-0	2013	OPRM1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the plasma nicotine metabolite cotinine concentration in methadone maintenance patients: a cross sectional study.	Nicotine	59-67	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28034756-8	2017	More importantly, our results also demonstrated that overexpressed AtGIS significantly affect the main components of trichome exudates, such as significantly increase the content of nicotine, Cembratriene-4, 6-diol.	Nicotine	182-190	C2H2 and C2HC zinc fingers superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-72
27890744-0	2017	Gene expression of pro-opiomelanocortin and melanocortin receptors is regulated in the hypothalamus and mesocorticolimbic system following nicotine administration.	Nicotine	139-147	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	19-39
27890744-6	2017	Our results showed that treatment with 0.6mg/kg/day nicotine upregulated POMC mRNA in the hypothalamus and MC4R mRNA in the mPFC.	Nicotine	52-60	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
27890744-6	2017	Our results showed that treatment with 0.6mg/kg/day nicotine upregulated POMC mRNA in the hypothalamus and MC4R mRNA in the mPFC.	Nicotine	52-60	melanocortin 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
23327202-4	2013	Both effects of nicotine were disrupted by Abeta.	Nicotine	16-24	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	43-48
28240526-4	2017	Result: In the heart and lung, nicotine caused significant decrease in P53, Bax and Caspase-3 mRNAexpression levels compared to the control group.	Nicotine	31-39	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	76-79
28240526-4	2017	Result: In the heart and lung, nicotine caused significant decrease in P53, Bax and Caspase-3 mRNAexpression levels compared to the control group.	Nicotine	31-39	caspase 3	Mus musculus	84-93
28038436-9	2017	Nicotine dependence was positively correlated with the frequency of general food cravings and cravings for high fats, sweets, and carbohydrates/starches.	Nicotine	0-8	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	112-116
22945906-0	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist attenuates nicotine suppression effect on human mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteogenesis and involves increased expression of heme oxygenase-1.	Nicotine	68-76	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	185-201
29348704-5	2017	Pretreatment with U0126 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and further attenuated nicotine-induced activation of c-Jun and upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Nicotine	98-106	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	155-160
29348704-6	2017	Similarly, nicotine treatment also increased phosphorylation of c-Jun and expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES in MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	11-19	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	89-94
28698766-4	2017	METHODS AND RESULTS: AF4-pretreated cells were exposed to nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketones (NNK), NNK acetate (NNK-Ae), methotrexate (MTX), and cisplatin to validate cytotoxicity, total reactive oxygen species, intracellular antioxidants, DNA fragmentation, and DNA tail damage.	Nicotine	58-66	AF4/FMR2 family member 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
23028093-4	2013	However, when poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages were challenged with nicotine plus alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX), secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was found to be in a level seen with poly(I:C) stimulation only, indicating that alpha7-nAChR, a highly Ca(2+) permeable ion channel sensitive to blockade by alpha-BTX, is involved in this process.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	227-239
27840928-8	2016	The results indicated that treatment with nicotine significantly attenuated the clinical and histopathological changes associated with arthritis, reduced CD11b-positive macrophages in the synovium, and downregulated the serum expression levels of MIP-1alpha and MCP-1.	Nicotine	42-50	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	262-267
22940618-7	2012	We further observed that stress, topical nicotine, or topical Bung treatment in mice influenced the abundance and/or localization of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin.	Nicotine	41-49	loricrin	Mus musculus	144-152
27573375-2	2016	Nicotine primarily acts in the brain on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which are also a target for alcohol.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	40-73
23131151-10	2012	c-Fos activity showed through double labeling, that cell types involved in nicotine action were low threshold (LTS) and fast spiking (FS) inter-neurons, which increased in the DA-depleted striatum.	Nicotine	75-83	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
27573375-2	2016	Nicotine primarily acts in the brain on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which are also a target for alcohol.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
27573375-3	2016	The alpha6 subunit of nAChR is expressed almost exclusively in the brain reward system and may modulate the rewarding properties of alcohol and nicotine.	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
27846263-0	2016	Nicotine-Induced Effects on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs), Ca2+ and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in STC-1 Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	72-75
27846263-0	2016	Nicotine-Induced Effects on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs), Ca2+ and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in STC-1 Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	81-114
27846263-0	2016	Nicotine-Induced Effects on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs), Ca2+ and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in STC-1 Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	116-120
27846263-7	2016	Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine increased intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	24-32	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	57-60
27846263-9	2016	Acute nicotine exposure (30 min) decreased the cellular content of BDNF in STC-1 cells.	Nicotine	6-14	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	67-71
27846263-10	2016	The nicotine-induced decrease in BDNF was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine.	Nicotine	4-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	33-37
27846263-14	2016	Nicotine interacts with nAChRs and inhibits BDNF expression in STC-1 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	44-48
27488534-1	2016	Metabolism of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a suspected determinant of smoking dose and, consequently, lung cancer risk.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	26-45
27488534-1	2016	Metabolism of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a suspected determinant of smoking dose and, consequently, lung cancer risk.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
27488534-4	2016	CYP2A6 activity was correlated (r = 0.32; P &lt; 0.0001) with total nicotine equivalents (a measure of nicotine uptake).	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
27488534-4	2016	CYP2A6 activity was correlated (r = 0.32; P &lt; 0.0001) with total nicotine equivalents (a measure of nicotine uptake).	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
27602328-4	2016	Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors-beta (ER-beta) immune reactivities following long-term treatment of alcohol, nicotine or a combination of both substances.	Nicotine	198-206	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	75-92
27602328-4	2016	Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors-beta (ER-beta) immune reactivities following long-term treatment of alcohol, nicotine or a combination of both substances.	Nicotine	198-206	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	94-96
27602328-19	2016	CONCLUSION: It was concluded that combination of both ethanol and nicotine may be a crucial factor in the expression levels of AR and ER-beta.	Nicotine	66-74	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	127-129
27327412-7	2016	The expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, was reduced in the treatment of CSEs while the expression of its reverse transition marker, N-cadherin, was slightly increased by CSEs containing 2.1muM of nicotine, but a statistical significance was not observed.	Nicotine	208-216	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	144-154
27656031-11	2016	Considered together, our findings suggest that activation of the DYN/KOR system and Galphai signaling within the BLA is both necessary and sufficient to produce reinstatement of nicotine preference.	Nicotine	178-186	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	69-72
27656031-15	2016	Here, we report region-specific engagement of the DYN/KOR system and subsequent activation of inhibitory (Gi-linked) intracellular signaling pathways within the basolateral amygdala during stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine preference.	Nicotine	221-229	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	50-53
27656031-15	2016	Here, we report region-specific engagement of the DYN/KOR system and subsequent activation of inhibitory (Gi-linked) intracellular signaling pathways within the basolateral amygdala during stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine preference.	Nicotine	221-229	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	54-57
27428758-3	2016	OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible differences in the expression of nAChR subunit and dopamine receptor (DR) mRNAs following voluntary nicotine intake.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
27428758-7	2016	Nicotine intake is correlated negatively with Chrnb2, Chrna7 and positively with Drd1 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
27428758-9	2016	Chrna5 was lower in maximum than in minimum preferring, and in male than female rats, supporting the inhibitory role of the alpha5 subunit in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
27428758-11	2016	CONCLUSION: Modulation of nAChR and DR gene expression by nicotine may have clinical implications and aid drug development.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
26553320-10	2016	Compared with the monoculture, MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21 in supernatant of cocultures were markedly elevated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	interleukin 21	Homo sapiens	86-91
26871405-6	2016	The ability of nicotine to attenuate the effects of methamphetamine on DAT function corresponded with increases in alpha4beta2*, but not alpha6beta2*, nAChR binding density.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
27035242-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: The rate of nicotine metabolism, determined primarily by CYP2A6 activity, influences tobacco dependence and smoking-induced disease risk.	Nicotine	23-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	68-74
27035242-3	2016	We studied nicotine disposition kinetics and metabolism by the CYP2A6 genotype and enzymatic activity, as measured by the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), in African American smokers.	Nicotine	11-19	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	63-69
27035242-10	2016	CONCLUSION: CYP2A6 genotype, NMR, and nicotine pharmacokinetic data may inform studies of individual differences in smoking behavior and biomarkers of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
26990424-0	2016	Nicotine regulates cocaine-amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (Cart) in the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	0-8	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	19-59
26990424-0	2016	Nicotine regulates cocaine-amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (Cart) in the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	0-8	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
26990424-3	2016	The present study aimed to examine the effect of nicotine on CART expression in the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	49-57	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
26990424-6	2016	In the mPFC, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg nicotine, decreased CART peptide levels whereas there was no effect on CART mRNA levels.	Nicotine	31-39	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
26990424-7	2016	In the VTA, a down-regulation of CART peptide expression was observed with 0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg nicotine.	Nicotine	93-101	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
26990424-8	2016	Conversely, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg nicotine increased CART mRNA levels in the AMG without affecting the CART peptide expression.	Nicotine	30-38	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
26990424-10	2016	We conclude that nicotine regulates CART expression in the mesocorticolimbic system and this regulation may play an important role in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	17-25	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
26990424-10	2016	We conclude that nicotine regulates CART expression in the mesocorticolimbic system and this regulation may play an important role in nicotine reward.	Nicotine	134-142	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
27224911-6	2016	Importantly, the recruitment of TAP toward endosomes via TLR4-MyD88-IRAK4 signaling contributes to nicotine-increased cross-presentation and cross-activation of T cells.	Nicotine	99-107	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
29926613-5	2016	Meanwhile, nicotine-treated rats displayed a significant decrease in MAO-B mRNA expression in lesioned side striatum compared to 6-OHDA-lesioned rats after nAChRs desensitization.	Nicotine	11-19	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
27112968-7	2016	Cognitive modelling analysis using the prospect valence learning (PVL) model indicated that low DAT subjects" performance deteriorated following nicotine administration as indicated by an increased learning rate and a decreased response consistency.	Nicotine	145-153	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	96-99
27112968-8	2016	Our results shed light on the neurochemistry underlying reward-based decision making in humans by demonstrating a significant interaction between nicotine and the DAT.	Nicotine	146-154	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	163-166
27068812-7	2016	Nicotine-induced currents were obtained in neurons from alpha7, beta2, alpha5, and alpha6 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	64-69
27228072-6	2016	Further, nicotine-mediated induction of alpha7 nAChR was reduced when E2F1 was depleted and in contrast elevated when STAT1 was depleted by siRNAs.	Nicotine	9-17	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	118-123
26843531-8	2016	Thus, our results indicate that both alpha4beta2- and alpha7-nAChRs mediated nicotine-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, and two nAChR subtypes differentially regulated SCO.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
26541911-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: In very novice smokers, CYP2A6 genotypes that reduce nicotine metabolism to an intermediate rate may increase smoking risk, relative to both normal and slow rates.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
26541911-4	2016	Predicted nicotine metabolic rate based on CYP2A6 diplotypes (CYP2A6 Diplotype Predicted Rate [CDPR]) was partitioned into Normal, Intermediate, and Slow categories using a metabolism metric.	Nicotine	10-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
26541911-4	2016	Predicted nicotine metabolic rate based on CYP2A6 diplotypes (CYP2A6 Diplotype Predicted Rate [CDPR]) was partitioned into Normal, Intermediate, and Slow categories using a metabolism metric.	Nicotine	10-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	62-68
26541911-11	2016	IMPLICATIONS: This study supports our recent hypothesis that CYP2A6 diplotypes that encode intermediate nicotine metabolism rate are associated with enhanced pleasurable events following the initial smoking attempt, compared with diplotypes that encode either normal or slow metabolism.	Nicotine	104-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	61-67
26803847-5	2016	Nicotine treatment led to dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of PERK[Thr981] and eIF2alpha[Ser51], whereas pretreatment with a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride) blocked the induction of PERK phosphorylation, verifying the direct involvement of nicotine and nAChR binding.	Nicotine	0-8	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
26803847-5	2016	Nicotine treatment led to dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of PERK[Thr981] and eIF2alpha[Ser51], whereas pretreatment with a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride) blocked the induction of PERK phosphorylation, verifying the direct involvement of nicotine and nAChR binding.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-172
26803847-5	2016	Nicotine treatment led to dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of PERK[Thr981] and eIF2alpha[Ser51], whereas pretreatment with a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride) blocked the induction of PERK phosphorylation, verifying the direct involvement of nicotine and nAChR binding.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
26803847-5	2016	Nicotine treatment led to dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of PERK[Thr981] and eIF2alpha[Ser51], whereas pretreatment with a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride) blocked the induction of PERK phosphorylation, verifying the direct involvement of nicotine and nAChR binding.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	317-322
26803847-5	2016	Nicotine treatment led to dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of PERK[Thr981] and eIF2alpha[Ser51], whereas pretreatment with a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride) blocked the induction of PERK phosphorylation, verifying the direct involvement of nicotine and nAChR binding.	Nicotine	304-312	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
26803847-6	2016	We next investigated select target genes known to play essential roles in placental TG cell differentiation and function (Pl-1, Pgf, Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2), and found that nicotine significantly augmented the mRNA levels of Hsd11b1 in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	171-179	placental growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
26803847-6	2016	We next investigated select target genes known to play essential roles in placental TG cell differentiation and function (Pl-1, Pgf, Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2), and found that nicotine significantly augmented the mRNA levels of Hsd11b1 in a dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	171-179	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-153
27094433-0	2016	A Novel Liquid-Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Nicotine in Tap Water, Wastewater, and Saliva at Trace Levels by GC-MS.	Nicotine	58-66	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
26972251-0	2016	Nicotine induces Nme2-mediated apoptosis in mouse testes.	Nicotine	0-8	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Mus musculus	17-21
26972251-4	2016	Further, we investigated a highly expressed gene, Nme2, in mouse testes after nicotine treatment from our previous results, which has close correlation with the apoptosis activity predicted by bioinformatics.	Nicotine	78-86	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Mus musculus	50-54
26972251-10	2016	BSP results revealed that the Nme2 promoter appeared with low methylation in mouse testes after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	96-104	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Mus musculus	30-34
26972251-11	2016	We assume that nicotine-induced apoptosis may be caused by telomerase activity decline, which is inhibited by the up expression of Nme2 because of its hypomethylation in mouse germ cells.	Nicotine	15-23	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Mus musculus	131-135
26899624-2	2016	Mitochondrial abnormalities may contribute as the PPARgamma pathway is involved in structural and functional airway deficits after perinatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	141-149	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
26899624-3	2016	We hypothesized perinatal nicotine exposure results in lung mitochondrial dysfunction that can be rescued by rosiglitazone (RGZ; PPARgamma receptor agonist).	Nicotine	26-34	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	129-138
26684861-6	2016	RESULTS: Pretreatment with nicotine strongly alleviated severity of SAP-associated lung injury through attenuating serum amylase, lipase, and interleukin 6 levels; pancreas and lung pathological injury; lung myeloperoxidase activity; lung tumor necrosis factor-alpha; and high-mobility group box 1 expression.	Nicotine	27-35	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	272-297
26875755-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest strain differences in the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine, which would indicate that genetic predispositions predict variability in the efficacy of nAChR compounds for enhancing attention.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	190-195
26875755-12	2016	The absence of effect of mecamylamine on response accuracy may suggest a contribution of nAChR desensitization to the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
27026802-2	2016	The purpose of this study was to verify whether stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor via nicotine has a beneficial effect on cartilage degeneration in the development of osteoarthritis and is capable of reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cartilage degrading enzymes in synovial membranes after osteoarthritis induction.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	67-99
26928076-0	2016	Translational control of nicotine-evoked synaptic potentiation in mice and neuronal responses in human smokers by eIF2alpha.	Nicotine	25-33	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	114-123
26928076-6	2016	These findings suggest that p-eIF2alpha regulates synaptic actions of nicotine in both mice and humans, and that reduced p-eIF2alpha may enhance susceptibility to nicotine (and other drugs of abuse) during adolescence.	Nicotine	70-78	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	30-39
26928076-6	2016	These findings suggest that p-eIF2alpha regulates synaptic actions of nicotine in both mice and humans, and that reduced p-eIF2alpha may enhance susceptibility to nicotine (and other drugs of abuse) during adolescence.	Nicotine	163-171	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	123-132
26607717-6	2016	TRIM27, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that activated TNF apoptotic pathway through up-regulating deubiquitinated RIP1, was also overexpressed in nicotine-treated spermatocytes; moreover, four consecutive CpG sites near the Trim27 transcription start site were less frequently methylated.	Nicotine	138-146	tripartite motif-containing 27	Mus musculus	0-6
26607717-6	2016	TRIM27, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that activated TNF apoptotic pathway through up-regulating deubiquitinated RIP1, was also overexpressed in nicotine-treated spermatocytes; moreover, four consecutive CpG sites near the Trim27 transcription start site were less frequently methylated.	Nicotine	138-146	tripartite motif-containing 27	Mus musculus	216-222
26607717-8	2016	In summary, our study suggests that nicotine may induce murine spermatozoal apoptosis via the TNF apoptotic pathway through up-regulation of deubiquitinated RIP1 by Trim27 promoter hypomethylation.	Nicotine	36-44	tripartite motif-containing 27	Mus musculus	165-171
26386153-5	2016	We found that early postnatal nicotine exposure significantly decreased not only the number of alpha2-mRNA-expressing interneurons in the stratum oriens/alveus, but also alpha2*-nAChR-mediated responses in OLM cells.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
26386153-6	2016	These effects of nicotine were prevented by co-administration with the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine, suggesting that nicotine-induced activation, but not desensitization, of nAChRs mediates the effects.	Nicotine	17-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
26386153-6	2016	These effects of nicotine were prevented by co-administration with the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine, suggesting that nicotine-induced activation, but not desensitization, of nAChRs mediates the effects.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
26386153-8	2016	However, these alpha2*-nAChR-mediated effects were profoundly reduced after early postnatal nicotine exposure, suggesting altered control of CA1 circuits by alpha2*-nAChR-expressing OLM cells.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	165-170
26601777-0	2016	Nicotine-induced plasticity in the retinocollicular pathway: Evidence for involvement of amyloid precursor protein.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	89-114
26472220-2	2016	We recently showed that in vitro nicotine exposure induces Wnt3a/beta-catenin activation, which is a pathway that has also been implicated in altering levels of SP-A and SP-D.	Nicotine	33-41	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	170-174
26472220-4	2016	The main aim of this study was to investigate whether human bronchial epithelial cells reduce levels of SP-A and SP-D in vitro following nicotine stimulation via the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway.	Nicotine	137-145	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	113-117
26472220-5	2016	We showed that nicotine activated the Wnt3a/beta-catenin and PKC signaling pathway, and this activation was accompanied by a decrease in SP-A and SP-D expression.	Nicotine	15-23	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	146-150
26574927-3	2016	While the vab-1 mutant revealed increased circular motion in response to nicotine, the other mutant strains failed to show any effect.	Nicotine	73-81	Ephrin receptor 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	10-15
26689865-8	2016	Chronic nicotine significantly increased the production of stress neurotransmitters and sonic hedgehog (SHH) while inducing Gli1 protein and decreasing GABA.	Nicotine	8-16	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	311-344
26884647-5	2016	RESULTS: We found that nicotine reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia.	Nicotine	23-31	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	346-350
25979761-5	2015	Further, VEGF secretion by C2C12 cells was also increased by nicotine or galantamine through nicotinic receptors as well as partly through non-nicotinic pathways in the case of galantamine.	Nicotine	61-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	9-13
26386845-0	2015	CX3CR1 Mediates Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia via Microglial P38 MAPK Signaling.	Nicotine	16-24	C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
26409179-16	2015	Expression studies showed significant decrease in N-methyl D-aspartate receptors and increase in mono amine oxidase-A and mono amine oxidase-B in nicotine treated group and was reversed in atorvastatin + nicotine treated group.	Nicotine	146-154	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	102-142
26539119-1	2015	High doses of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine can elicit somatic signs resembling those associated with nicotine withdrawal in nicotine-naive adult rats.	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	18-50
26539119-1	2015	High doses of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine can elicit somatic signs resembling those associated with nicotine withdrawal in nicotine-naive adult rats.	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
26539119-1	2015	High doses of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine can elicit somatic signs resembling those associated with nicotine withdrawal in nicotine-naive adult rats.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	18-50
26539119-1	2015	High doses of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine can elicit somatic signs resembling those associated with nicotine withdrawal in nicotine-naive adult rats.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
26263395-8	2015	Systemic or local (intra-VTA) administration of nicotine significantly improves SWM, which was accompanied by increased MMP-9 activity in dorsal hippocampus (dHPC).	Nicotine	48-56	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
26263395-11	2015	Our data suggest that intra-VTA nicotine infusion activates MMP-9 in dHPC to improve SWM in rats.	Nicotine	32-40	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
26407342-7	2015	The strongest evidence for association emerged for CYP2A6 (min p = 5.77E-86, in intron 4), the main metabolic enzyme for nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	51-57
26259694-5	2015	Furthermore, nicotine administration led to a significant increase in BDNF mRNA expression at 4 and 24h and in BDNF protein expression at 24h after LPS injection in the dorsal hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
26259694-6	2015	Taken together, acute nicotine administration attenuated LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction, and this neuroprotective effect may be related to the up-regulation of BDNF and the inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis-related proteins in the dorsal hippocampus.	Nicotine	22-30	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
26355604-11	2015	In particular, co-administration of menthol and nicotine appears to promote significant increase in beta2 and alpha4 nAChR subunit expression in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum of mice.	Nicotine	48-56	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	100-105
26311342-4	2015	Further investigation of a central regulatory factor in the cytoskeleton regulation, profilin 1 (PFN1), revealed that nicotine-induced Pfn1 over-expression in mouse testes, specifically in elongated spermatids, by Pfn1 promoter hypomethylation.	Nicotine	118-126	profilin 1	Mus musculus	135-139
26311342-4	2015	Further investigation of a central regulatory factor in the cytoskeleton regulation, profilin 1 (PFN1), revealed that nicotine-induced Pfn1 over-expression in mouse testes, specifically in elongated spermatids, by Pfn1 promoter hypomethylation.	Nicotine	118-126	profilin 1	Mus musculus	214-218
26311342-6	2015	We assume that nicotine-induced PFN1 over-expression in mouse spermatids may promote actin polymerization and ultimately enhance sperm motility.	Nicotine	15-23	profilin 1	Mus musculus	32-36
26100465-8	2015	In humans, nicotine is metabolized primarily by hepatic CYP2A6.	Nicotine	11-19	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
26100465-9	2015	We propose that e-cig users (vapers) achieve measurable serum nicotine levels when they inhale nicotine and nicotyrine together, because nicotyrine reversibly inhibits nicotine metabolism by CYP2A13 in airways.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	191-198
26100465-11	2015	When CYP2A6 is substantially inhibited, nicotine clearance is delayed and nicotine withdrawal symptoms are attenuated.	Nicotine	40-48	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
26100465-11	2015	When CYP2A6 is substantially inhibited, nicotine clearance is delayed and nicotine withdrawal symptoms are attenuated.	Nicotine	74-82	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
26365992-6	2015	Moreover, we find that the nicotine treatment also increases expression of the presynaptic component synapsin 1 and arranges it in puncta juxtaposed to the additional AMPA and NMDA receptor puncta, suggestive of increases in synaptic contacts.	Nicotine	27-35	synapsin I	Homo sapiens	101-111
25476971-4	2015	This finding, together with studies in mice involving deletion and replacement of nAChR subunits, and investigations of the circuitry, cell types and electrophysiological properties, have begun to identify the molecular mechanisms that take place in the MHb-IPN which underlie critical aspects of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	297-305	MHB	Homo sapiens	254-257
25476971-6	2015	Finally, we discuss the specific electrophysiological properties of MHb-IPN neuronal populations and how nicotine exposure alters their cellular physiology, highlighting the unique role of the MHb-IPN in the context of nicotine aversion and withdrawal.	Nicotine	219-227	MHB	Homo sapiens	193-196
26014804-2	2015	The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, 3HC/COT) is commonly used as a biomarker of CYP2A6 enzymatic activity, rate of nicotine metabolism, and total nicotine clearance; NMR is associated with numerous smoking phenotypes, including smoking cessation.	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
26210671-9	2015	Therefore, nicotine-treated hUGT1 mice might be useful to investigate the role of brain UGT1A3 in the regulation of local levels of these drugs and their response.	Nicotine	11-19	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	28-33
26367714-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine could be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease through its ability to rescue the neurons from Abeta(25-35) cytotoxicity and the protective effect involved upregulated expression of TrkA receptors.	Nicotine	13-21	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	213-217
25616906-7	2015	Nicotine downregulated production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in RA-FLSs induced by TNFalpha in a concentration-dependent manner, and IL-10 levels were not significantly different after nicotine pretreatment.	Nicotine	0-8	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	46-51
25616906-11	2015	In conclusion, nicotine has an anti-inflammatory effect on RA by downregulating production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in FLSs, and this is mediated through activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signal pathway.	Nicotine	15-23	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	103-108
25998026-15	2015	Higher activity of CYP2A5 (CYP2A6 human ortholog) could lead to altered metabolism of drug substrates of this enzyme (valproic acid, nicotine, methoxyflurane).	Nicotine	133-141	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
26009767-2	2015	Here we report that methacholine (MCh), a selective agonist of mAChRs, inhibited up to 80% of nicotine-induced nAChR currents in sympathetic superior cervical ganglion neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
25625469-0	2015	Anxiolytic-like and anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine are regulated via diverse action at beta2*nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	47-55	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	92-97
25625469-1	2015	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nicotine dose-dependently activates or preferentially desensitizes beta2 subunit containing nicotinic ACh receptors (beta2*nAChRs).	Nicotine	24-32	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	91-96
25625469-1	2015	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nicotine dose-dependently activates or preferentially desensitizes beta2 subunit containing nicotinic ACh receptors (beta2*nAChRs).	Nicotine	24-32	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	141-146
25625469-2	2015	Genetic and pharmacological manipulations assessed effects of stimulation versus inhibition of beta2*nAChRs on nicotine-associated anxiety-like phenotype.	Nicotine	111-119	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	95-100
25625469-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These studies provide direct evidence that low-dose nicotine inhibits nAChRs and demonstrate that inhibition or stimulation of beta2*nAChRs supports the corresponding anxiolytic-like or anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	243-251	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	157-162
25862079-1	2015	The CYP2A6*4 allele, characterized as the whole deletion of this gene, is closely associated with nicotine dependence, cancer susceptibility, and drug responsiveness.	Nicotine	98-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
25388292-1	2015	RATIONAL: Nicotine use in schizophrenia has traditionally been explained as "self-medication" of cognitive and/or nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) abnormalities.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	114-150
25388292-1	2015	RATIONAL: Nicotine use in schizophrenia has traditionally been explained as "self-medication" of cognitive and/or nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) abnormalities.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
25107281-0	2015	Null mutation of the beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit attenuates nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonia in mice.	Nicotine	79-87	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	21-26
25107281-6	2015	Mecamylamine (6 mg/kg, salt) significantly elevated brain reward thresholds in nicotine-treated beta2(+/+) mice compared with saline-treated beta2(+/+) mice and nicotine-treated beta2(-/-) mice.	Nicotine	79-87	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	96-101
25107281-7	2015	Spontaneous nicotine withdrawal similarly resulted in significant elevations in thresholds in nicotine-withdrawing beta2(+/+) mice compared with saline-treated beta2(+/+) and nicotine-treated beta2(-/-) mice, which remained at baseline levels.	Nicotine	12-20	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	115-120
25107281-7	2015	Spontaneous nicotine withdrawal similarly resulted in significant elevations in thresholds in nicotine-withdrawing beta2(+/+) mice compared with saline-treated beta2(+/+) and nicotine-treated beta2(-/-) mice, which remained at baseline levels.	Nicotine	94-102	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	115-120
25107281-7	2015	Spontaneous nicotine withdrawal similarly resulted in significant elevations in thresholds in nicotine-withdrawing beta2(+/+) mice compared with saline-treated beta2(+/+) and nicotine-treated beta2(-/-) mice, which remained at baseline levels.	Nicotine	94-102	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	115-120
25107281-8	2015	These results showed that precipitated and spontaneous nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonia was attenuated in beta2(-/-) mice.	Nicotine	55-63	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	111-116
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	153-161	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	111-120
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	153-161	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	189-198
25661292-9	2015	The nicotine-induced alterations in DNA methylation modulators DNMT1 and MeCP2, PPARgamma promoter methylation, and its down-stream targets, were also validated in perinatally nicotine exposed rat lung tissue.	Nicotine	4-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
25661292-9	2015	The nicotine-induced alterations in DNA methylation modulators DNMT1 and MeCP2, PPARgamma promoter methylation, and its down-stream targets, were also validated in perinatally nicotine exposed rat lung tissue.	Nicotine	176-184	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
25661292-10	2015	These data provide novel mechanistic insights into nicotine-induced epigenetic silencing of PPARgamma that could be exploited to design novel targeted molecular interventions against the smoke exposed lung injury in general and perinatal nicotine exposure induced lung damage in particular.	Nicotine	51-59	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
25661292-10	2015	These data provide novel mechanistic insights into nicotine-induced epigenetic silencing of PPARgamma that could be exploited to design novel targeted molecular interventions against the smoke exposed lung injury in general and perinatal nicotine exposure induced lung damage in particular.	Nicotine	238-246	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
25742430-0	2015	Nicotine ameliorates experimental severe acute pancreatitis via enhancing immunoregulation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells.	Nicotine	0-8	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	94-97
25742430-0	2015	Nicotine ameliorates experimental severe acute pancreatitis via enhancing immunoregulation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	99-103
29363324-0	2018	Chronic nicotine exposure reduces klotho expression and triggers different renal and hemodynamic responses in klotho-haploinsufficient mice.	Nicotine	8-16	klotho	Mus musculus	34-40
29363324-0	2018	Chronic nicotine exposure reduces klotho expression and triggers different renal and hemodynamic responses in klotho-haploinsufficient mice.	Nicotine	8-16	klotho	Mus musculus	110-116
29363324-5	2018	Nicotine exposure was associated with a significant decline in renal Klotho expression in WT and kl/+ mice as well as a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate in WT mice.	Nicotine	0-8	klotho	Mus musculus	69-75
29363324-9	2018	We can conclude that nicotine downregulates Klotho expression as well as that renal and autonomic responses to nicotine exposure are modified in kl/+ mice.	Nicotine	21-29	klotho	Mus musculus	44-50
29518612-0	2018	Nicotine upregulates FGFR3 and RB1 expression and promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via downregulation of miR-99b and miR-192.	Nicotine	0-8	retinoblastoma-related protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	31-34
29518612-9	2018	Subsequently, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) were confirmed to be the targets of miR-99b and miR-192, respectively, and were upregulated by nicotine in NSCLC cells.	Nicotine	180-188	retinoblastoma-related protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	62-78
29518612-9	2018	Subsequently, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) were confirmed to be the targets of miR-99b and miR-192, respectively, and were upregulated by nicotine in NSCLC cells.	Nicotine	180-188	retinoblastoma-related protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	80-83
29518612-11	2018	CONCLUSION: This study, for the first time, elucidates nicotine-miR-99b/miR-192-FGFR3/RB1 regulatory network that nicotine promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and EMT by downregulating miR-99b and miR-192, and upregulating their targets FGFR3 and RB1.	Nicotine	55-63	retinoblastoma-related protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	86-89
29518612-11	2018	CONCLUSION: This study, for the first time, elucidates nicotine-miR-99b/miR-192-FGFR3/RB1 regulatory network that nicotine promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and EMT by downregulating miR-99b and miR-192, and upregulating their targets FGFR3 and RB1.	Nicotine	55-63	retinoblastoma-related protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	245-248
29518612-11	2018	CONCLUSION: This study, for the first time, elucidates nicotine-miR-99b/miR-192-FGFR3/RB1 regulatory network that nicotine promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and EMT by downregulating miR-99b and miR-192, and upregulating their targets FGFR3 and RB1.	Nicotine	114-122	retinoblastoma-related protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	86-89
29518612-11	2018	CONCLUSION: This study, for the first time, elucidates nicotine-miR-99b/miR-192-FGFR3/RB1 regulatory network that nicotine promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and EMT by downregulating miR-99b and miR-192, and upregulating their targets FGFR3 and RB1.	Nicotine	114-122	retinoblastoma-related protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	245-248
28914550-4	2018	The effects of nicotine on SOCS1 and SOCS3 protein expression in FLSs were assayed by western blotting before and after transfection with a small interfering RNA oligonucleotide (SOCS3-siRNA or control-siRNA).	Nicotine	15-23	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Mus musculus	27-32
28641491-0	2018	Nicotine and cigarette smoke modulate Nrf2-BDNF-dopaminergic signal and neurobehavioral disorders in adult rat cerebral cortex.	Nicotine	0-8	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
28641491-7	2018	CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, our data strongly suggest that the intervention of DA and BDNF, and depletion of antioxidants are important factors during nicotine/CS-induced cerebral cortex pathological changes leading to neurobehavioral impairments, which could underpin the novel therapeutic approaches targeted at tobacco smoking/nicotine"s neuropsychological disorders including cognition and drug addiction.	Nicotine	157-165	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
29114105-0	2018	Neuregulin 3 Signaling Mediates Nicotine-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Cognition.	Nicotine	32-40	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	0-12
29114105-1	2018	Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and ErbB4 have been linked to nicotine addiction; however, the neuronal mechanisms and behavioral consequences of NRG3-ErbB4 sensitivity to nicotine remain elusive.	Nicotine	50-58	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	0-12
29114105-1	2018	Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and ErbB4 have been linked to nicotine addiction; however, the neuronal mechanisms and behavioral consequences of NRG3-ErbB4 sensitivity to nicotine remain elusive.	Nicotine	50-58	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	14-18
29114105-1	2018	Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and ErbB4 have been linked to nicotine addiction; however, the neuronal mechanisms and behavioral consequences of NRG3-ErbB4 sensitivity to nicotine remain elusive.	Nicotine	160-168	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	134-138
29114105-4	2018	We report that nicotine controls synaptic plasticity in the OFC through NRG3/ErbB4-dependent regulation of GABAergic inhibition.	Nicotine	15-23	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
29114105-6	2018	Induction of long-term depression by nicotine relied on nicotinic receptor activation and key regulators of NRG3 signaling: (1) release of intracellular calcium, (2) activation of the BACE1 beta-secretase, and (3) ErbB4 receptor activation.	Nicotine	37-45	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	108-112
29114105-9	2018	Nicotine-impaired stimulus discrimination in this task was rescued by pharmacologic disruption of the NRG3 receptor, ErbB4.	Nicotine	0-8	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	102-106
29114105-10	2018	Altogether, our data indicate that nicotine-induced synaptic plasticity in the OFC and cognitive changes depend on NRG3-ErbB4 signaling.	Nicotine	35-43	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	115-119
29114105-11	2018	We propose that nicotine activation of this pathway may contribute to nicotine addiction, particularly in individuals with genetic variation in NRG3.	Nicotine	16-24	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	144-148
29114105-11	2018	We propose that nicotine activation of this pathway may contribute to nicotine addiction, particularly in individuals with genetic variation in NRG3.	Nicotine	70-78	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	144-148
29671814-3	2018	In this study, we investigated whether varenicline, a partial &amp;alpha;4&amp;beta;2*nAChR agonist which reduces nicotine, alcohol and sucrose consumption, can reduce stress, a driving factor in substance use disorders.	Nicotine	114-122	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	79-85
29631619-0	2018	Histone hypo-acetylation of Sox9 mediates nicotine-induced weak cartilage repair by suppressing BMSC chondrogenic differentiation.	Nicotine	42-50	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
29631619-4	2018	Nicotine"s effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 muM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine"s effect.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-210
29631619-4	2018	Nicotine"s effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 muM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine"s effect.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	212-217
29631619-5	2018	RESULTS: Data showed that nicotine inhibited cartilage repair function by suppressing SRY-type high-mobility group box 9 (Sox9) in regenerated tissues.	Nicotine	26-34	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	86-120
29631619-5	2018	RESULTS: Data showed that nicotine inhibited cartilage repair function by suppressing SRY-type high-mobility group box 9 (Sox9) in regenerated tissues.	Nicotine	26-34	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
29631619-6	2018	Further in vitro study demonstrated that nicotine enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and activity of calcineurin (CaN) through alpha7-nAChR, increased the nucleic expressions of NFATc2 and the bindings to SOX9 promoter, and thus reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in SOX9 promoter.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
29631619-6	2018	Further in vitro study demonstrated that nicotine enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and activity of calcineurin (CaN) through alpha7-nAChR, increased the nucleic expressions of NFATc2 and the bindings to SOX9 promoter, and thus reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in SOX9 promoter.	Nicotine	41-49	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
29631619-6	2018	Further in vitro study demonstrated that nicotine enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and activity of calcineurin (CaN) through alpha7-nAChR, increased the nucleic expressions of NFATc2 and the bindings to SOX9 promoter, and thus reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in SOX9 promoter.	Nicotine	41-49	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	267-271
30460094-3	2018	Here, we showed that nicotine and substance P (SP) differentially regulate neuronal excitability in subdivisions of the MHb (ventrolateral division, MHbVL; dorsal division; MHbD and superior division: MHbS).	Nicotine	21-29	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	173-177
30460094-4	2018	Nicotine remarkably increased spontaneous neuronal firing in the MHbVL and MHbD, but not in the MHbS, which was consistent with different magnitudes of whole-cell inward currents evoked by nicotine in each subdivision.	Nicotine	0-8	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	75-79
29513745-10	2018	Acute nicotine exposure decreased BDNF in HBO cells and increased BDNF release in the medium.	Nicotine	6-14	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	34-38
29513745-10	2018	Acute nicotine exposure decreased BDNF in HBO cells and increased BDNF release in the medium.	Nicotine	6-14	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	66-70
29513745-13	2018	BDNF levels in HEK293 cells were significantly higher than in HBO cells but the nicotine induced release of BDNF in the media was a fraction of the BDNF cellular content.	Nicotine	80-88	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	108-112
29513745-13	2018	BDNF levels in HEK293 cells were significantly higher than in HBO cells but the nicotine induced release of BDNF in the media was a fraction of the BDNF cellular content.	Nicotine	80-88	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	108-112
29513745-16	2018	Nicotine induces the synthesis and release of BDNF in HBO cells.	Nicotine	0-8	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	46-50
28472521-5	2018	Results: These Key results involve genetic variants in the nicotinic receptor subunit gene CHRNA5, variants in the nicotine metabolism gene CYP2A6, and the nicotine metabolite ratio.	Nicotine	115-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	140-146
29065194-0	2018	Nicotine-Induced Neuroprotection against Cognitive Dysfunction after Partial Hepatectomy Involves Activation of BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway and Inhibition of NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway in Aged Rats.	Nicotine	0-8	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
29065194-7	2018	Results: We found that nicotine markedly attenuated the POCD and reduced the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including IL-1beta and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), on postoperative day 1.	Nicotine	23-31	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-181
29065194-7	2018	Results: We found that nicotine markedly attenuated the POCD and reduced the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including IL-1beta and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), on postoperative day 1.	Nicotine	23-31	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-188
29065194-8	2018	Additionally, nicotine suppressed the surgery-induced release of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, HMGB1, and NF-kappaB p65 in the hippocampus on postoperative day 1 and day 3.	Nicotine	14-22	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
29065194-10	2018	However, nicotine pre-treatment clearly reversed the surgical stress-induced decrease in both BDNF and p-TrkB expression in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	9-17	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
29065194-12	2018	Conclusions: Our results showed that nicotine-induced neuroprotection against POCD may involve activation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Nicotine	37-45	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
29195920-0	2018	Loss of Lypd6 leads to reduced anxiety-like behaviour and enhanced responses to nicotine.	Nicotine	80-88	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Mus musculus	8-13
29195920-7	2018	Using in vitro electrophysiology in dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) neurons from Lypd6 KO mice, we show that nicotine-evoked whole-cell currents are enhanced in the absence of Lypd6.	Nicotine	103-111	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6	Mus musculus	75-80
29203303-0	2018	Interactive effects of morphine and nicotine on memory function depend on the central amygdala cannabinoid CB1 receptor function in rats.	Nicotine	36-44	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
29499216-3	2018	Over the past 3 decades, data has emerged on the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke exposure on the expression of BDNF and its primary specific receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB).	Nicotine	60-68	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	119-123
29499216-4	2018	This review summarizes data regarding the changes in brain BDNF expression after nicotine or cigarette smoke exposure, and discusses their implications considering BDNF"s functional roles.	Nicotine	81-89	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	59-63
29437942-6	2018	Nicotine-containing and nicotine-free E-cigarette vapour increased pneumococcal adhesion to airway cells in vitro Vapour-stimulated adhesion in vitro was attenuated by the PAFR blocker CV3988.	Nicotine	0-8	platelet-activating factor receptor	Mus musculus	172-176
29437942-6	2018	Nicotine-containing and nicotine-free E-cigarette vapour increased pneumococcal adhesion to airway cells in vitro Vapour-stimulated adhesion in vitro was attenuated by the PAFR blocker CV3988.	Nicotine	24-32	platelet-activating factor receptor	Mus musculus	172-176
29437942-7	2018	Nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapour increased mouse nasal PAFR expression, and nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonisation.	Nicotine	0-8	platelet-activating factor receptor	Mus musculus	61-65
29342418-0	2018	Functional characterization of 9 CYP2A13 allelic variants by assessment of nicotine C-oxidation and coumarin 7-hydroxylation.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	33-40
29342418-1	2018	Cytochrome P450 2A13 (CYP2A13) is responsible for the metabolism of chemical compounds such as nicotine, coumarin, and tobacco-specific nitrosamine.	Nicotine	95-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	22-29
29342418-5	2018	In this study, we performed an in vitro analysis of the wild-type enzyme (CYP2A13.1) and 8 CYP2A13 allelic variants, using nicotine and coumarin as representative CYP2A13 substrates.	Nicotine	123-131	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	74-81
29342418-5	2018	In this study, we performed an in vitro analysis of the wild-type enzyme (CYP2A13.1) and 8 CYP2A13 allelic variants, using nicotine and coumarin as representative CYP2A13 substrates.	Nicotine	123-131	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	91-98
29342418-5	2018	In this study, we performed an in vitro analysis of the wild-type enzyme (CYP2A13.1) and 8 CYP2A13 allelic variants, using nicotine and coumarin as representative CYP2A13 substrates.	Nicotine	123-131	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	91-98
29342418-6	2018	These CYP2A13 variant proteins were heterologously expressed in 293FT cells, and the kinetic parameters of nicotine C-oxidation and coumarin 7-hydroxylation were estimated.	Nicotine	107-115	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	6-13
29247491-5	2018	The hydrophilic nicotine was ineffective unless applied unprotonated in alkaline (pH9) solution, activating TRPA1 and TRPV1.	Nicotine	16-24	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	108-113
28857504-7	2018	In contrast, nicotine self-administration alone, resulted in a significant decrease in histone methylation at the H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 marks in the promoter regions of BDNF exon IV and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk-5).	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
28857504-8	2018	Quantitative PCR-identified changes in several genes associated with NaB treatment that were independent of nicotine exposure; however, an interaction of nicotine history and NaB treatment was detected only in the expression of BDNF IV and BDNF IX.	Nicotine	154-162	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	228-232
28857504-8	2018	Quantitative PCR-identified changes in several genes associated with NaB treatment that were independent of nicotine exposure; however, an interaction of nicotine history and NaB treatment was detected only in the expression of BDNF IV and BDNF IX.	Nicotine	154-162	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	240-244
28857504-9	2018	Together these results suggest that nicotine self-administration leads to a number of epigenetic changes at both the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters, and that these changes may contribute to the enhanced extinction of nicotine-seeking by NaB.	Nicotine	36-44	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
28857504-9	2018	Together these results suggest that nicotine self-administration leads to a number of epigenetic changes at both the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters, and that these changes may contribute to the enhanced extinction of nicotine-seeking by NaB.	Nicotine	211-219	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
29110618-6	2018	Recent studies have demonstrated that the alpha4, beta2, and alpha7 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) participate in the cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	175-183	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
29236702-8	2017	HUVECs, incubated with conditioned medium from the peritoneal macrophages of nicotine treated-obese rats, exhibited reduced eNOS and increased NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p22phox expression.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Rattus norvegicus	166-174
29040827-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that the FDA-approved serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonist, lorcaserin (Belviq ), may be a promising candidate for the management of substance use disorders, including nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	208-216	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	65-90
28986172-5	2017	Nicotine in vitro inhibited androgen production in Leydig cells by downregulating the expression levels of P450 cholesterol side cleavage enzyme, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, and steroidogenic factor 1 at different concentration ranges.	Nicotine	0-8	nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-210
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	185-195
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	256-260
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	262-267
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	spalt like transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	269-274
29416638-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine promotes migration, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hUC-MSCs by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, leading to the induction of stem cell markers Sox2, Nanog, Sall4, Oct4 and CD44.	Nicotine	10-18	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	285-289
29117550-4	2017	We show that the nAChR gene acr-19 and alg-1, a key Argonaute-family member in the microRNA machinery, are specifically required for nicotine withdrawal response following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	133-141	Protein argonaute	Caenorhabditis elegans	39-44
29117550-4	2017	We show that the nAChR gene acr-19 and alg-1, a key Argonaute-family member in the microRNA machinery, are specifically required for nicotine withdrawal response following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	180-188	Protein argonaute	Caenorhabditis elegans	39-44
29117550-5	2017	Chronic exposure to nicotine downregulates alg-1, leading to upregulation of acr-19.	Nicotine	20-28	Protein argonaute	Caenorhabditis elegans	43-48
28901402-7	2017	CORM-3 attenuated the LPS- and nicotine-induced production of PGE2, COX-2 and RANKL in human PDLCs by releasing CO, and upregulated the expression of OPG.	Nicotine	31-39	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	78-83
28666811-6	2017	The differential effects of nicotine were likely due to desensitization of nAChRs, since the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine (non-selective, 2 muM), dihydro-beta-erythroidine (beta2-selective, 500 nM), and alpha-conotoxin MII [H9A; L15A] (alpha6-selective, 100 nM) produced effects similar to nicotine.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
28665927-6	2017	In agreement with this, overexpression of p66shc or knockdown of Nrf2/MnSOD augmented nicotine-induced ROS production in renal proximal tubule cells.ConclusionChronic nicotine exposure incites higher oxidative stress in the adolescent than in adult kidney because of a pre-existent pro-oxidant milieu.	Nicotine	86-94	src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1	Mus musculus	42-48
28665927-6	2017	In agreement with this, overexpression of p66shc or knockdown of Nrf2/MnSOD augmented nicotine-induced ROS production in renal proximal tubule cells.ConclusionChronic nicotine exposure incites higher oxidative stress in the adolescent than in adult kidney because of a pre-existent pro-oxidant milieu.	Nicotine	167-175	src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1	Mus musculus	42-48
29062606-7	2017	Cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased by nicotine in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned mice and in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	Nicotine	88-96	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	8-38
29062606-7	2017	Cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased by nicotine in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned mice and in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	Nicotine	88-96	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	40-46
29062606-7	2017	Cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased by nicotine in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned mice and in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	Nicotine	88-96	caspase 3	Mus musculus	60-69
28556459-9	2017	In our in-vitro experiments we assessed the effect of caffeic acid, quercetin and p-coumaric acid on the rate of nicotine metabolism in human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed human CYP2A6.	Nicotine	113-121	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	184-190
29048184-1	2017	Nicotine is metabolized into cotinine and then into trans-3"-hydroxycotinine, mainly by cytochrome P450 2A6.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	88-107
29048184-7	2017	The hazard ratio of relapsing was estimated in multivariate Cox regression models including the sex and the nicotine metabolism determined by the phenotype or by CYP2A6 genotyping (rs1801272 and rs28399433).	Nicotine	108-116	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	162-168
28608236-12	2017	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of GSH, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and Bax, while reducing Bcl-2, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
28608236-15	2017	Thus, curcumin via activation of P-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, confers neuroprotection against nicotine-induced inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress.	Nicotine	96-104	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
28710519-4	2017	Nicotine has been reported to enhance OST performance in rats and the present study assessed whether this effect generalizes to human performance.	Nicotine	0-8	MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
29075577-2	2017	Moreover, HINT1 is related to gender-specific acute behavior changes in schizophrenia and in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	105-113	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	10-15
29018331-7	2017	Nicotine exposure is protective against directly-induced EAE in WT or alpha7/alpha9 DKO animals relative to effects seen in WT/vehicle-treated mice, but, remarkably, EAE is exacerbated in vehicle-treated alpha7/alpha9 DKO mice.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin alpha 9	Mus musculus	77-83
29018331-7	2017	Nicotine exposure is protective against directly-induced EAE in WT or alpha7/alpha9 DKO animals relative to effects seen in WT/vehicle-treated mice, but, remarkably, EAE is exacerbated in vehicle-treated alpha7/alpha9 DKO mice.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin alpha 9	Mus musculus	211-217
28551099-8	2017	Furthermore, nicotine increased expression levels of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling proteins in the PD mouse model or in the SH-SY5Y cells treated by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, and these effects were also reversed by MLA or alpha7-siRNA treatment in vivo or in vitro.	Nicotine	13-21	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	57-69
28734893-2	2017	The CYP2A6 gene encodes the main enzyme responsible for nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	56-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
28734893-4	2017	Therefore, we evaluated the possible association between SNPs in CYP2A6 with cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction-related variables in Mexican mestizo smokers.	Nicotine	99-107	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
28766689-0	2017	Nicotine induces TIPE2 upregulation and Stat3 phosphorylation contributes to cholinergic anti-inflammatory effect.	Nicotine	0-8	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
28766689-5	2017	Here, we demonstrated that nicotine exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by TIPE2 upregulation and phosphorylated stat3 mediated the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which was supported by the following evidence: firstly, both nicotine and TIPE2 inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release via NF-kappaB inactivation.	Nicotine	27-35	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
28693859-0	2017	The alpha3beta4 nAChR partial agonist AT-1001 attenuates stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in a rat model of relapse and induces minimal withdrawal in dependent rats.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
28693859-3	2017	Recent genetic and preclinical studies have highlighted the involvement of the alpha3, beta4, and alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits and the alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype in nicotine dependence and withdrawal.	Nicotine	192-200	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	175-180
28693859-5	2017	We previously reported that the alpha3beta4 nAChR partial agonist AT-1001 selectively decreases nicotine self-administration in rats without affecting food responding.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
28693859-11	2017	Our data suggest that alpha3beta4 nAChR-targeted compounds may be a promising approach for nicotine addiction treatment because they can not only block nicotine"s reinforcing effects, but also decrease motivation to relapse without producing significant withdrawal effects.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
28693859-11	2017	Our data suggest that alpha3beta4 nAChR-targeted compounds may be a promising approach for nicotine addiction treatment because they can not only block nicotine"s reinforcing effects, but also decrease motivation to relapse without producing significant withdrawal effects.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
28851948-0	2017	Significant association of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in the Chinese Han population.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
28851948-0	2017	Significant association of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in the Chinese Han population.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-44
28761330-7	2017	Using RNA arrays and pathway analysis we demonstrate that nicotine and H2O2-treated PTECs specifically induced Rac1 gene networks in these cells.	Nicotine	58-66	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
28440896-0	2017	Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies a novel susceptibility signal at CACNA2D3 for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 3	Homo sapiens	70-78
28652419-0	2017	Resveratrol Attenuates Nicotine-mediated Oxidative Injury by Inducing Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells.	Nicotine	23-31	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-100
28617431-0	2017	Nicotine protects rat hypoglossal motoneurons from excitotoxic death via downregulation of connexin 36.	Nicotine	0-8	gap junction protein, delta 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-102
28617431-5	2017	Cx36 was downregulated when nicotine or carbenoxolone was co-applied with TBOA.	Nicotine	28-36	gap junction protein, delta 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
28617431-6	2017	Expression of Cx36 was preferentially observed in cytosolic rather than membrane fractions after nicotine and TBOA, suggesting protein redistribution with no change in synthesis.	Nicotine	97-105	gap junction protein, delta 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
28395994-7	2017	In rat hippocampal CA3-dentate gyrus synapses, nicotine-induced enhancement of long-term potentiation was also inhibited by thujone.	Nicotine	47-55	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
28542511-4	2017	In most smokers, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-catalyzed C-oxidation accounts for &gt;75% of nicotine metabolism, and the activity of this enzyme has been shown to correlate with the amount of nicotine and carcinogens drawn from cigarettes.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	17-36
28542511-4	2017	In most smokers, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-catalyzed C-oxidation accounts for &gt;75% of nicotine metabolism, and the activity of this enzyme has been shown to correlate with the amount of nicotine and carcinogens drawn from cigarettes.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
28542511-4	2017	In most smokers, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-catalyzed C-oxidation accounts for &gt;75% of nicotine metabolism, and the activity of this enzyme has been shown to correlate with the amount of nicotine and carcinogens drawn from cigarettes.	Nicotine	192-200	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	17-36
28542511-4	2017	In most smokers, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-catalyzed C-oxidation accounts for &gt;75% of nicotine metabolism, and the activity of this enzyme has been shown to correlate with the amount of nicotine and carcinogens drawn from cigarettes.	Nicotine	192-200	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
29100274-0	2017	Nicotine induces EP4 receptor expression in lung carcinoma cells by acting on AP-2alpha: The intersection between cholinergic and prostanoid signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	78-87
29100274-3	2017	We evaluated whether nicotine increased EP4 receptor expression in lung carcinoma cells by activating on AP-2alpha.	Nicotine	21-29	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	105-114
29100274-6	2017	It indicates that nicotine increases EP4 expression through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent activations of PI3-K, JNK and PKC pathways that leads to reduction of AP-2alpha-DNA binding.	Nicotine	18-26	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	180-189
28381639-4	2017	Recently, perinatal nicotine injections in rats were reported to induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent transgenerational transmission of asthma.	Nicotine	20-28	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	72-120
28638710-0	2017	Nicotine-prevented learning and memory impairment in REM sleep-deprived rat is modulated by DREAM protein in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
28638710-3	2017	This study investigates the association of DREAM protein in REM sleep-deprived rats hippocampus upon nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	101-109	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
28638710-9	2017	Treatment with acute nicotine significantly prevented these effects and decreased expression of DREAM protein in all the hippocampus regions but only slightly reduce the mean relative level of DREAM protein.	Nicotine	21-29	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
28638710-9	2017	Treatment with acute nicotine significantly prevented these effects and decreased expression of DREAM protein in all the hippocampus regions but only slightly reduce the mean relative level of DREAM protein.	Nicotine	21-29	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	193-198
28638710-10	2017	CONCLUSION: This study suggests that changes in DREAM protein expression in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions of rat"s hippocampus and mean relative level of DREAM protein may involve in the mechanism of nicotine treatment-prevented REM sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Nicotine	200-208	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
28638710-10	2017	CONCLUSION: This study suggests that changes in DREAM protein expression in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions of rat"s hippocampus and mean relative level of DREAM protein may involve in the mechanism of nicotine treatment-prevented REM sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Nicotine	200-208	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
28638710-10	2017	CONCLUSION: This study suggests that changes in DREAM protein expression in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions of rat"s hippocampus and mean relative level of DREAM protein may involve in the mechanism of nicotine treatment-prevented REM sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Nicotine	200-208	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
28682553-7	2017	Transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence observations indicated that nicotine would activate the autophagy level of hPDLCs by increasing the number of autophagosomes and up regulating the expression of autophagy related protein LC3.	Nicotine	84-92	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	243-246
28029335-0	2017	Enhanced susceptibility of CA3 hippocampus to prenatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	55-63	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
28064347-4	2017	This effect of nicotine was blocked by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
28064347-4	2017	This effect of nicotine was blocked by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
28064347-10	2017	These results suggest that nicotine inhibits doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced cognitive impairment via alpha7 nAChR and alpha4beta2 nAChR, and also enhances hippocampal neurogenesis.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
28064347-10	2017	These results suggest that nicotine inhibits doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced cognitive impairment via alpha7 nAChR and alpha4beta2 nAChR, and also enhances hippocampal neurogenesis.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
28298240-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450 2A5 (Cyp2a5), a mouse enzyme orthologous of human CYP2A6, catalyzes a number of toxicologically important reactions, including the metabolism of nicotine, aflatoxin B1, and several other xeno- and endobiotics.	Nicotine	173-181	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
27053349-2	2017	In addition, several lines of study have indicated that cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and c-fos have important role in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	240-248	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
28082047-5	2017	Nicotine effects on CD8+ T cells were studied in peripheral blood of smoking women, bone marrow of nicotine treated mice and in sorted CD8 spleen cells in vitro using flow cytometry and quantitative PCR.	Nicotine	0-8	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	20-23
28082047-9	2017	In the experimental setting, nicotine exposure led to an accumulation of non-exhausted PD-1-IL-7R+ CD8+ T cells in the bone marrow that is abundant with survivin producing cells.	Nicotine	29-37	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	99-102
28082047-12	2017	We conclude that nicotine contributes to autoimmunity by supporting the non-exhausted state of CD8+ T cells resulting in the release of survivin.	Nicotine	17-25	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	95-98
28082123-0	2017	Nicotine suppresses the neurotoxicity by MPP+/MPTP through activating alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Trx-1 and suppressing ER stress.	Nicotine	0-8	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	87-92
28082123-5	2017	The expression of thioredoxin-1(Trx-1) was decreased by MPP+, which was restored by nicotine.	Nicotine	84-92	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	32-37
28082123-6	2017	The nicotine suppressed expressions of Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78/Bip) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) induced by MPP+.	Nicotine	4-12	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
28082123-6	2017	The nicotine suppressed expressions of Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78/Bip) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) induced by MPP+.	Nicotine	4-12	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
28082123-8	2017	Consistently, pretreatment with nicotine ameliorated the motor ability, restored the declines of Trx-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and suppressed the expressions of Bip and CHOP induced by 1-Methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice.	Nicotine	32-40	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	97-102
28082123-9	2017	Our results suggest that nicotine plays role in resisting MPP+/MPTP neurotoxicity through activating the alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Trx-1 pathway and suppressing ER stress.	Nicotine	25-33	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	122-127
28239368-5	2017	Emerging evidence now suggests that nicotine exacerbates hepatic steatosis triggered by HFD, through increased oxidative stress and hepatocellular apoptosis, decreased phosphorylation (inactivation) of adenosine-5-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and, in turn, up-regulation of sterol response-element binding protein 1-c, fatty acid synthase, and activation of acetyl-coenzyme A-carboxylase, leading to increased hepatic lipogenesis.	Nicotine	36-44	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	329-348
28232801-7	2017	Topographical analysis of Fos protein expression, a biological marker of neural excitation, revealed that a convulsive dose (4 mg/kg) of nicotine region-specifically activated neurons in the piriform cortex, amygdala, medial habenula, paratenial thalamus, anterior hypothalamus and solitary nucleus among 48 brain regions examined, and this was also suppressed by MEC.	Nicotine	137-145	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
27784625-8	2017	Src-mediated enhancement of GluN2B-NMDAR responses and Fyn-mediated enhancement of GluN2A-NMDAR responses initiate long-term potentiation (LTP) of AMPAR synaptic responses in naive and nicotine-exposed CA1 pyramidal cells, respectively.	Nicotine	185-193	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
29474782-10	2017	Nicotine increased the expression of P38, but not ERK 1/2, ER stress-related proteins and AIF with no changes of VDAC.	Nicotine	0-8	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
27531501-1	2017	The medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus (MHb-IPN) pathway has recently been shown to modulate multiple effects nicotine in vivo, however it remains unclear which receptor subtypes in this pathway are critical for mediating these responses.	Nicotine	115-123	MHB	Homo sapiens	45-48
27531501-5	2017	Together, these results suggest that the MHb and IPN differentially modulate nicotine sensitization.	Nicotine	77-85	MHB	Homo sapiens	41-44
28296545-4	2017	Nicotine administration weakened the vascular wall, increased gelatinolytic activity and promoted the destruction of elastin and collagen in the rat abdominal aorta.	Nicotine	0-8	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	117-124
28123348-7	2017	In addition, nicotine enhanced miR-210 expression and significantly attenuated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase isoform B (TrkB) protein abundance in the brain.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	79-112
28123348-7	2017	In addition, nicotine enhanced miR-210 expression and significantly attenuated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase isoform B (TrkB) protein abundance in the brain.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
28123348-9	2017	Furthermore, miR-210-LNA treatment also reversed nicotine-mediated down-regulation of BDNF and TrkB protein expression in the neonatal brains.	Nicotine	49-57	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
29348704-8	2017	Furthermore, nicotine-induced secretions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES were remarkably downregulated.	Nicotine	13-21	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	44-49
27862958-8	2017	We highlighted proteins, including APP, APLP2, LAPTM4B, and NCOA4, which were dysregulated by nicotine in all cell lines investigated and may have implications in downstream signaling pathways, particularly autophagy.	Nicotine	94-102	lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta	Homo sapiens	47-54
27862958-8	2017	We highlighted proteins, including APP, APLP2, LAPTM4B, and NCOA4, which were dysregulated by nicotine in all cell lines investigated and may have implications in downstream signaling pathways, particularly autophagy.	Nicotine	94-102	nuclear receptor coactivator 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
27974613-5	2016	Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) administration of nicotine or ABT-418, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, normalized MSO task performance in ketamine-treated rats and this effect was blocked by GABAA receptor antagonism.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
27693397-8	2016	Central administration of UCN 2 or UCN 3 ameliorated the anxiety- and depression-like state including the hyperactivity of the HPA axis, developed during acute withdrawal following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	189-197	urocortin 3	Mus musculus	35-40
27693397-9	2016	The present study suggests that selective CRF2 receptor agonists could be used as a therapy in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	95-103	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Mus musculus	42-55
27769050-4	2016	The phosphatase activity of PPM1F in nicotine-treated cells was assessed through Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer.	Nicotine	37-45	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1F	Homo sapiens	28-33
27769050-6	2016	In vitro, nicotine induced PPM1F expression, whereas alpha9-nAChR knockdown reduced the protein expression of PPM1F.	Nicotine	10-18	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1F	Homo sapiens	27-32
27769050-7	2016	A series of biochemical experiments using nicotine-treated cells suggested that the dephosphorylation of p53 (Ser-20) and BAX (Ser-184) by PPM1F is a critical posttranslational modification, as observed in breast cancer patients who were heavy smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1F	Homo sapiens	139-144
27474751-8	2016	UGT2B4 activity against codeine and UGT2B10 activity against nicotine were significantly decreased in both HuH-7 and Hep3B cells (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.0048, and P = 0.017 and P = 0.043, respectively) after overexpression of miR-216b-5p mimic.	Nicotine	61-69	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	107-112
27486058-9	2016	NIC also suppressed OA-mediated induction of the antioxidant MnSOD promoter activity through p66shc-dependent inactivation of FOXO activity.	Nicotine	0-3	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
27157710-1	2016	Studies with heterologous expression systems have shown that the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype can exist in two stoichiometries (with two [(alpha4)2(beta2)3] or three [(alpha4)3(beta2)2] copies of the alpha subunit in the receptor pentamer) which have different pharmacological and functional properties and are differently regulated by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	376-384	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	71-76
27157710-5	2016	For cortex exposure to chronic nicotine elicited an increase in receptor density measured by (3)H-epibatidine binding, an increase in the alpha4 and beta2 protein levels, and an increase in beta2/alpha4 subunit ratio, that indicates an increased proportion of receptors with the (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	31-39	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	149-154
27157710-5	2016	For cortex exposure to chronic nicotine elicited an increase in receptor density measured by (3)H-epibatidine binding, an increase in the alpha4 and beta2 protein levels, and an increase in beta2/alpha4 subunit ratio, that indicates an increased proportion of receptors with the (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	31-39	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	190-195
27157710-5	2016	For cortex exposure to chronic nicotine elicited an increase in receptor density measured by (3)H-epibatidine binding, an increase in the alpha4 and beta2 protein levels, and an increase in beta2/alpha4 subunit ratio, that indicates an increased proportion of receptors with the (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	31-39	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	190-195
27157710-8	2016	These data suggest that chronic nicotine exposure in vivo favors increased assembly of alpha4beta2 nAChR containing three beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	32-40	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	93-98
27535909-8	2016	In adult Fos-lacZ transgenic rats, selective inactivation of nicotine-cue-activated Fos neurons in central amygdala, but not orbitofrontal cortex, decreased "incubated" nicotine seeking on withdrawal day 14.	Nicotine	61-69	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
27535909-8	2016	In adult Fos-lacZ transgenic rats, selective inactivation of nicotine-cue-activated Fos neurons in central amygdala, but not orbitofrontal cortex, decreased "incubated" nicotine seeking on withdrawal day 14.	Nicotine	61-69	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
27535909-8	2016	In adult Fos-lacZ transgenic rats, selective inactivation of nicotine-cue-activated Fos neurons in central amygdala, but not orbitofrontal cortex, decreased "incubated" nicotine seeking on withdrawal day 14.	Nicotine	169-177	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
27535909-13	2016	Here, we used a rat model of incubation of drug craving, the neuronal activity marker Fos, and the Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation method to demonstrate that incubation of nicotine craving is also observed after adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration and that neuronal ensembles in the central nucleus of the amygdala play a critical role in this incubation in adult rats.	Nicotine	173-181	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide	Mus musculus	432-442
27235579-0	2016	c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 is necessary for nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	43-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	0-25
27235579-3	2016	The effects of nicotine on learning may involve recruitment of signaling through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase family (JNK 1-3).	Nicotine	15-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	117-122
27235579-4	2016	Learning in the presence of acute nicotine increases the transcription of mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8, also known as JNK1), likely through a CREB-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	34-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	74-108
27235579-4	2016	Learning in the presence of acute nicotine increases the transcription of mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8, also known as JNK1), likely through a CREB-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	34-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	110-115
27235579-4	2016	Learning in the presence of acute nicotine increases the transcription of mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8, also known as JNK1), likely through a CREB-dependent mechanism.	Nicotine	34-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	131-135
27235579-5	2016	The functional significance of JNK1 in the effects of acute nicotine on learning, however, is unknown.	Nicotine	60-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	31-35
27235579-6	2016	The current studies undertook a backward genetic approach to determine the functional contribution JNK1 protein makes to nicotine-enhanced contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	121-129	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	99-103
27235579-12	2016	These data suggest that JNK1 may be recruited by nicotine and is functionally necessary for the acute effects of nicotine on learning and memory.	Nicotine	49-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	24-28
27235579-12	2016	These data suggest that JNK1 may be recruited by nicotine and is functionally necessary for the acute effects of nicotine on learning and memory.	Nicotine	113-121	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	24-28
26871405-3	2016	The current study extended these findings by investigating whether nicotine self-administration in male, Sprague-Dawley rats (a) attenuates short-term dopaminergic damage induced by methamphetamine and (b) causes alterations in levels of alpha4beta2* and alpha6beta2* nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	268-273
27421892-0	2016	Acute nicotine enhances spontaneous recovery of contextual fear and changes c-fos early gene expression in infralimbic cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
27338962-4	2016	Nicotine use disorders are associated with polymorphisms in a cluster of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on chromosome 15q24, and mutations that reduce the enzymatic activity of CYP2A6.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	180-186
27239938-2	2016	We used microarray screening to identify master transcriptional or epigenetic regulators mediating these effects of nicotine and discovered increases in Ash2l mRNA, encoding a component of a histone methyltransferase complex.	Nicotine	116-124	ASH2 like, histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
27239938-6	2016	Knockdown of Ash2l or Mef2c abolished nicotine-mediated alterations of dendritic complexity in vitro and in vivo, and attenuated nicotine-dependent changes in passive avoidance behavior.	Nicotine	38-46	ASH2 like, histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
27239938-6	2016	Knockdown of Ash2l or Mef2c abolished nicotine-mediated alterations of dendritic complexity in vitro and in vivo, and attenuated nicotine-dependent changes in passive avoidance behavior.	Nicotine	129-137	ASH2 like, histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
27239938-8	2016	These studies identify Ash2l as a target induced by nicotinic stimulation that couples developmental nicotine exposure to changes in brain epigenetic marks, neuronal structure and behavior.	Nicotine	101-109	ASH2 like, histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
26471256-3	2016	Clinical studies also suggest that abnormalities in cholinergic signaling are associated with major depressive disorder, whereas pre-clinical studies have implicated both beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) and alpha7 nAChRs in the effects of nicotine in models of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.	Nicotine	241-249	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	171-176
26471256-3	2016	Clinical studies also suggest that abnormalities in cholinergic signaling are associated with major depressive disorder, whereas pre-clinical studies have implicated both beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) and alpha7 nAChRs in the effects of nicotine in models of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.	Nicotine	241-249	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	197-202
27001463-4	2016	Nicotine (1 muM for 24 h) significantly induced the expression of the surface adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the monocyte integrin adhesion molecule (CD11b) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and triggered monocytes to differentiate into macrophages via interactions with the endothelium.	Nicotine	0-8	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	96-102
27001463-4	2016	Nicotine (1 muM for 24 h) significantly induced the expression of the surface adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the monocyte integrin adhesion molecule (CD11b) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and triggered monocytes to differentiate into macrophages via interactions with the endothelium.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	148-153
26667487-10	2016	In patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts, nicotine treatment augmented tumor growth and metastasis; tumor lysates from nicotine-treated mice demonstrated elevated HGF expression by qRT-PCR and phospho-Met levels by ELISA.	Nicotine	126-134	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	170-173
26851241-0	2016	Inactivation of CYP2A6 by the Dietary Phenylpropanoid trans-Cinnamic Aldehyde (Cinnamaldehyde) and Estimation of Interactions with Nicotine and Letrozole.	Nicotine	131-139	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
26851533-8	2016	The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly decreased in the infected mice treated with nicotine compared with methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	130-138	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	60-66
26774337-8	2016	The levels of the mitochondrial fusion proteins, mitofusins 1 and 2, were also reduced in cells exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	107-115	mitofusin 1	Homo sapiens	49-67
26317299-6	2016	Our data suggest that insulin signaling genes, daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, and akt-2, modulate behavioral responses to nicotine in C. elegans, indicating a genetic link between nicotine behavior and insulin signaling.	Nicotine	119-127	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	54-59
26317299-6	2016	Our data suggest that insulin signaling genes, daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, and akt-2, modulate behavioral responses to nicotine in C. elegans, indicating a genetic link between nicotine behavior and insulin signaling.	Nicotine	119-127	3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	61-66
27287203-0	2016	Intravenous Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Alters METH-Induced Hyperactivity, Conditioned Hyperactivity, and BDNF in Adult Rat Offspring.	Nicotine	21-29	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
27688602-3	2016	This study aimed to elucidate whether the JNK inhibitor SP600125 can attenuate nicotine plus angiotensin II- (AngII-) induced AAA formation and to assess the underlying molecular mechanisms.	Nicotine	79-87	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	42-45
27688602-6	2016	In vitro, nicotine induced the expression of MCP-1 and RANTES in both RAW264.7 (mouse macrophage) and MOVAS (mouse vascular smooth muscle) cells in a dose-dependent manner; expression was upregulated by 0.5 ng/mL nicotine but strongly downregulated by 500 ng/mL nicotine.	Nicotine	10-18	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	45-50
27688602-6	2016	In vitro, nicotine induced the expression of MCP-1 and RANTES in both RAW264.7 (mouse macrophage) and MOVAS (mouse vascular smooth muscle) cells in a dose-dependent manner; expression was upregulated by 0.5 ng/mL nicotine but strongly downregulated by 500 ng/mL nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	45-50
27688602-6	2016	In vitro, nicotine induced the expression of MCP-1 and RANTES in both RAW264.7 (mouse macrophage) and MOVAS (mouse vascular smooth muscle) cells in a dose-dependent manner; expression was upregulated by 0.5 ng/mL nicotine but strongly downregulated by 500 ng/mL nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	45-50
27688602-8	2016	In conclusion, SP600125 attenuates nicotine plus AngII-induced AAA formation likely by inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES.	Nicotine	35-43	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	98-103
27688602-8	2016	In conclusion, SP600125 attenuates nicotine plus AngII-induced AAA formation likely by inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and RANTES.	Nicotine	35-43	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	112-117
26631628-5	2016	Western blotting analyses of these membrane fractions, ligand binding and immunoprecipitation studies, showed that chronic nicotine up-regulates heteromeric beta2* nAChRs in all three mesocorticolimbic areas, and that these receptors are rapidly removed from synapses upon the cessation of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	123-131	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	157-162
26631628-5	2016	Western blotting analyses of these membrane fractions, ligand binding and immunoprecipitation studies, showed that chronic nicotine up-regulates heteromeric beta2* nAChRs in all three mesocorticolimbic areas, and that these receptors are rapidly removed from synapses upon the cessation of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	290-298	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	157-162
26463278-2	2015	To test the hypothesis that nicotine influences PCB disposition, 2,2",3,5",6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) and its metabolites were quantified in tissues of adult male Wistar rats exposed to PCB 95 (6mg/kg/d, p.o.)	Nicotine	28-36	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
26463278-9	2015	However, hepatic CYP2B protein in animals co-exposed to PCB 95 and nicotine were reduced compared to animals that received only nicotine.	Nicotine	128-136	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
26463278-10	2015	Quantification of CYP2B3, CYP3A2 and CYP1A2 mRNA identified significant effects of nicotine and PCB 95 co-exposure on hepatic CYP3A2 and hippocampal CYP1A2 transcripts.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	37-43
26463278-10	2015	Quantification of CYP2B3, CYP3A2 and CYP1A2 mRNA identified significant effects of nicotine and PCB 95 co-exposure on hepatic CYP3A2 and hippocampal CYP1A2 transcripts.	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-155
26334245-8	2015	Nicotine and LPS upregulated PLD1 and PLD2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in HPDLCs.	Nicotine	0-8	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	38-42
26334245-9	2015	Pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine- and LPS-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8.	Nicotine	76-84	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	56-60
26318101-2	2015	SNPs in the putative promoter region of CHRNB3, the gene that encodes the beta3 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), have been repeatedly associated with nicotine behaviors.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-46
26209886-4	2015	The PBMC treatment with PHA plus nicotine produced a significant decrease of IL-1beta e IL-17 both as transcript and as protein, confirming that the PBMC of the patients respond to the cholinergic stimulation more than PBMC of HD.	Nicotine	33-41	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	88-93
26359313-2	2015	Previous preclinical studies have implicated alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nAChRs as potential mediators of the antinociceptive effects of (-)-nicotine hydrogen tartrate (nicotine) and other nAChR agonists; however, these studies have relied exclusively on measures of pain-stimulated behavior, which can be defined as behaviors that increase in frequency, rate, or intensity after presentation of a noxious stimulus.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
26256075-10	2015	Since the selective alpha3beta4 nAChR functional antagonist AT-1001 has also been shown to block nicotine self-administration in rats, the present results suggest that alpha3beta4 nAChRs may be a target for the treatment of cocaine addiction as well as for cocaine-nicotine comorbid addiction.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
28123805-0	2015	BDNF/TRK/KCC2 pathway in nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.	Nicotine	25-33	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
28123805-0	2015	BDNF/TRK/KCC2 pathway in nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.	Nicotine	25-33	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
28123805-1	2015	PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) on potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in rats following nicotine withdrawal and the roles played by BDNF/Trk/KCC2 pathway in nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.	Nicotine	176-184	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
28123805-11	2015	CONCLUSION: BDNF/Trk signaling may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia via downregulation of KCC2.	Nicotine	49-57	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
28123805-11	2015	CONCLUSION: BDNF/Trk signaling may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia via downregulation of KCC2.	Nicotine	49-57	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
26269589-7	2015	We also used single molecule fluorescence studies to show that cotinine and nicotine both alter the assembly of alpha4beta2 receptors to favor the high sensitivity (alpha4)2(beta2)3 stoichiometry.	Nicotine	76-84	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	112-118
25695895-8	2015	Prenatal-perinatal nicotine exposure decreased the hypercarbia-induced ventilatory responses at P1-P5, reduced both the number of c-Fos-positive ROb neurons during eucapnic normoxia at P1-P3 and their hypercapnia-induced recruitment at P3, increased 5HT1AR immunolabeling of ROb neurons at P3-P5, and reduced the spontaneous firing frequency of ROb neurons at P3 without affecting their CO2 sensitivity or their passive and active electrical properties.	Nicotine	19-27	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
26259694-0	2015	Acute nicotine treatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive dysfunction by increasing BDNF expression and inhibiting neuroinflammation in the rat hippocampus.	Nicotine	6-14	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
26259694-5	2015	Furthermore, nicotine administration led to a significant increase in BDNF mRNA expression at 4 and 24h and in BDNF protein expression at 24h after LPS injection in the dorsal hippocampus.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
26224008-8	2015	Consistent with that, the nicotine treatment significantly increased both Ang II-induced and phorbol [12, 13]-dibutyrate (PDBu, a Prkc activator)-induced arterial contractions in adult offspring, which were blocked by NAC treatment.	Nicotine	26-34	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
25498233-9	2015	As an example of the ability of a natural genetic variant to modify the effect of an engineered mutation, data will be presented that demonstrate that the effect of Chrna5 deletion on oral nicotine intake is dependent upon naturally occurring variant alleles of Chrna4.	Nicotine	189-197	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	165-171
25907750-7	2015	Adolescents and adults showed opposite DRD1 mRNA responses to nicotine treatment, while no age- and nicotine-related changes in DRD2 mRNA were observed.	Nicotine	62-70	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
25907750-8	2015	These data reveal important age-dependent regulation of DRD1- and DRD3-related mRNAs during the course of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	106-114	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
26222315-0	2015	The Esg Gene Is Involved in Nicotine Sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster.	Nicotine	28-36	escargot	Drosophila melanogaster	4-7
26222315-9	2015	In this work, we demonstrate that esg loss of function induces nicotine sensitivity possibly by altering development of sensory organs and neurons in the medial section of the thoracoabdominal ganglion.	Nicotine	63-71	escargot	Drosophila melanogaster	34-37
26222315-10	2015	The ectopic expression of the miR-310c also induces nicotine sensitivity by lowering Esg levels thus disrupting sensory organs and possibly to the modulation of other miR-310c targets.	Nicotine	52-60	escargot	Drosophila melanogaster	85-88
26164716-12	2015	Furthermore, nicotine increased alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in the hippocampal CA3, dentate gyrus and perirhinal cortex in both saline- and methamphetamine-treated rats.	Nicotine	13-21	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
25742430-10	2015	Moreover, nicotine up-regulated the number and suppressive capacity of CD4 CD25 Treg via inducing the expression of immunoregulatory molecules and transforming growth factor beta1 elevation.	Nicotine	10-18	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	71-74
25742430-10	2015	Moreover, nicotine up-regulated the number and suppressive capacity of CD4 CD25 Treg via inducing the expression of immunoregulatory molecules and transforming growth factor beta1 elevation.	Nicotine	10-18	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	75-79
24612112-12	2015	In the ICSS experiments, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine elevated the ICSS thresholds of the nicotine-dependent rats.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	29-61
25618300-13	2015	CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a current diagnosis of depression or anxiety, the relationship between nicotine dependence and symptom severity may be moderated by BDNF Val(66)Met.	Nicotine	101-109	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	162-166
25306212-8	2015	RESULTS: Hair nicotine was directly correlated with s-ICAM1 (r = 0.4090, P &lt; .0001) and negatively correlated with EPC prevalence (r = -0.2002, P = .0195).	Nicotine	14-22	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
23869743-0	2015	Extended access to nicotine leads to a CRF1 receptor dependent increase in anxiety-like behavior and hyperalgesia in rats.	Nicotine	19-27	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
23869743-3	2015	Here, we tested the hypothesis that the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1 ) receptors and emergence of the affective and motivational effects of nicotine abstinence only occur in rats with long access (&gt;21 hours/day, LgA) and not short (1 hour/day, ShA) access to nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	286-294	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-86
23869743-3	2015	Here, we tested the hypothesis that the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1 ) receptors and emergence of the affective and motivational effects of nicotine abstinence only occur in rats with long access (&gt;21 hours/day, LgA) and not short (1 hour/day, ShA) access to nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	286-294	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
23869743-8	2015	These findings demonstrate that the model of short access to nicotine self-administration has limited validity for tobacco dependence, highlight the translational relevance of the model of extended-intermittent access to nicotine self-administration for tobacco dependence and demonstrate that activation of CRF1 receptors is required for the emergence of abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior, hyperalgesia and excessive nicotine intake.	Nicotine	61-69	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	308-312
23869743-8	2015	These findings demonstrate that the model of short access to nicotine self-administration has limited validity for tobacco dependence, highlight the translational relevance of the model of extended-intermittent access to nicotine self-administration for tobacco dependence and demonstrate that activation of CRF1 receptors is required for the emergence of abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior, hyperalgesia and excessive nicotine intake.	Nicotine	221-229	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	308-312
23869743-8	2015	These findings demonstrate that the model of short access to nicotine self-administration has limited validity for tobacco dependence, highlight the translational relevance of the model of extended-intermittent access to nicotine self-administration for tobacco dependence and demonstrate that activation of CRF1 receptors is required for the emergence of abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior, hyperalgesia and excessive nicotine intake.	Nicotine	221-229	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	308-312
25655887-2	2015	Nicotine, the major psychoactive compound in cigarette smoke, is metabolized by a number of enzymes, including CYP2A6, CYP2B6, FMOs, and UGTs, among others.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	111-117
25655887-3	2015	Variation in the genes encoding these enzymes, in particular CYP2A6, can alter the rate of nicotine metabolism and smoking behaviors.	Nicotine	91-99	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	61-67
26370685-0	2015	EFFECT OF CYP2A6*4 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS ON SMOKING BEHAVIORS AND NICOTINE DEPENDENCE IN A GENERAL POPULATION OF JAPANESE MEN.	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
26370685-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Nicotine in cigarettes is metabolized primarily by CYP2A6-catalyzed oxidation.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	63-69
26370685-3	2015	The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CYP2A6*4 genetic polymorphism on smoking behavior and nicotine dependence in a general population of Japanese men.	Nicotine	106-114	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	52-58
26370685-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: CYP2A6*4 genetic polymorphisms may not strongly affect smoking behavior but may possibly have an effect on nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	120-128	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
24950455-8	2015	Thus, neonatal nicotine exposure results in a persistent net increase in excitation and a concurrent loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated regulation of presynaptic GABA but not glutamate release, which would exacerbate excitation following endogenous or exogenous nAChR activation.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	109-141
24950455-8	2015	Thus, neonatal nicotine exposure results in a persistent net increase in excitation and a concurrent loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated regulation of presynaptic GABA but not glutamate release, which would exacerbate excitation following endogenous or exogenous nAChR activation.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
24950455-8	2015	Thus, neonatal nicotine exposure results in a persistent net increase in excitation and a concurrent loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated regulation of presynaptic GABA but not glutamate release, which would exacerbate excitation following endogenous or exogenous nAChR activation.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	285-290
26251879-7	2015	The specific induction of JAT2 expression in leaves by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment suggests that this transporter plays an important role in nicotine distribution to leaves, especially under herbivore attack, by transporting nicotine into the vacuole.	Nicotine	147-155	protein DETOXIFICATION 35-like	Nicotiana tabacum	26-30
26251879-7	2015	The specific induction of JAT2 expression in leaves by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment suggests that this transporter plays an important role in nicotine distribution to leaves, especially under herbivore attack, by transporting nicotine into the vacuole.	Nicotine	231-239	protein DETOXIFICATION 35-like	Nicotiana tabacum	26-30
26251879-8	2015	Considering JAT2, together with the previously identified MATE transporters JAT1, MATE1, and MATE2, and the PUP (purine permease) transporter NUP1 (nicotine uptake permease1), we show a model of nicotine translocation and accumulation via distinct spatio-temporal regulation of nicotine transporter expression.	Nicotine	195-203	protein DETOXIFICATION 35-like	Nicotiana tabacum	12-16
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
26060595-5	2015	An overview of CYP2A6 polymorphism enzymatic activities in nicotine dependence etiology and treatment revealed that slow nicotine metabolizers may strengthen the individualized treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	59-67	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
26060595-5	2015	An overview of CYP2A6 polymorphism enzymatic activities in nicotine dependence etiology and treatment revealed that slow nicotine metabolizers may strengthen the individualized treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
26060595-5	2015	An overview of CYP2A6 polymorphism enzymatic activities in nicotine dependence etiology and treatment revealed that slow nicotine metabolizers may strengthen the individualized treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
25384568-3	2014	Here, we propose that the genetic locus of susceptibility to nicotine addiction, the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster, encoding the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), may influence nicotine-induced neuroadaptations.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	85-91
25384568-3	2014	Here, we propose that the genetic locus of susceptibility to nicotine addiction, the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster, encoding the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), may influence nicotine-induced neuroadaptations.	Nicotine	224-232	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	85-91
25384568-9	2014	Our results suggest that chronic nicotine treatment may represent a compensatory strategy in individuals with altered expression of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 region.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	136-142
24953434-9	2014	The 5HT2C agonist lorcaserin significantly decreased nicotine self-administration in the licking paradigm at the same dose threshold as with lever press responding.	Nicotine	53-61	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
25220663-0	2014	Smilax China root extract detoxifies nicotine by reducing reactive oxygen species and inducing CYP2A6.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	95-101
24669857-0	2014	Nicotine exaggerates LPS-induced airway hyperreactivity via JNK-mediated up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	60-63
24669857-11	2014	Specific inhibition of JNK attenuated nicotine"s effects.	Nicotine	38-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	23-26
24313917-6	2014	The cytometric bead array (CBA) assay was employed to measure TNF-alpha levels in mice serum and IL-17A levels in the supernatants of nicotine-treated cell cultures.	Nicotine	134-142	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	97-103
24313917-9	2014	Spleen IL-17 level of nicotine-treated mice was lower than that of the control group, and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and IL-6) in splenocytes were also lower than that of the control group.	Nicotine	22-30	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	7-12
24313917-9	2014	Spleen IL-17 level of nicotine-treated mice was lower than that of the control group, and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and IL-6) in splenocytes were also lower than that of the control group.	Nicotine	22-30	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	141-147
24313917-11	2014	Cells treated with 10 (- 6) M nicotine expressed lower IL-17A levels.	Nicotine	30-38	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	55-61
24313917-12	2014	Similarly, supernatants from nicotine-treated cell cultures also showed lower IL-17A levels.	Nicotine	29-37	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	78-84
25046735-8	2014	Furthermore, the effect of nicotine was prevented in the presence of mecamylamine, but not dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and was still observed in both alpha2 KO and beta2 KO mice.	Nicotine	27-35	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	163-168
24983901-15	2014	The lack of nicotine metabolism in this model could be explained by the functional loss of CYP2A6 during chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	113-121	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	91-97
24825168-2	2014	This study aimed to investigate the major subtype of calcium channels located on cerebral peri-vascular sympathetic nerves, which is involved in nicotine-induced alpha3beta2-nAChR-mediated nitrergic vasodilation in basilar arteries.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
23999525-0	2014	Evidence from mouse and man for a role of neuregulin 3 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	58-66	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	42-54
23999525-2	2014	We used functional genomic approaches (chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and whole-genome sequencing) to identify cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) targets following chronic nicotine administration and withdrawal (WD) in rodents.	Nicotine	188-196	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	117-154
23999525-2	2014	We used functional genomic approaches (chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and whole-genome sequencing) to identify cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) targets following chronic nicotine administration and withdrawal (WD) in rodents.	Nicotine	188-196	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
23999525-3	2014	We found that chronic nicotine and WD differentially modulate CREB binding to the gene for neuregulin 3 (NRG3).	Nicotine	22-30	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
23999525-3	2014	We found that chronic nicotine and WD differentially modulate CREB binding to the gene for neuregulin 3 (NRG3).	Nicotine	22-30	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	91-103
23999525-3	2014	We found that chronic nicotine and WD differentially modulate CREB binding to the gene for neuregulin 3 (NRG3).	Nicotine	22-30	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	105-109
23999525-4	2014	Quantitative analysis of saline, nicotine and nicotine WD in two biological replicates corroborate this finding, with NRG3 increases in both mRNA and protein following WD from chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	33-41	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	118-122
24811002-3	2014	Further investigation of the HLI model revealed that nicotine accelerated angiogenesis by activation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) synthesis through nicotinic receptors in myogenic cells, that is, satellite cells, in vivo and upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors, for example, VEGF and fibroblast growth factor 2, in vitro.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	104-143
25565665-7	2015	HIF-2alpha inhibitor and HIF-2alpha siRNA inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of Akt, JAK2 and STAT3, ERK and JNK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, and c-Fos.	Nicotine	67-75	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
26132489-1	2015	The Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR, ratio of trans-3"-hydroxycotinine and cotinine), has previously been associated with CYP2A6 activity, response to smoking cessation treatments, and cigarette consumption.	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	121-127
26132489-9	2015	We confirmed the major role that CYP2A6 plays in nicotine metabolism, and made novel findings with respect to genome-wide significance and associations with CPD, abstinence and lung cancer risk.	Nicotine	49-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
26039516-5	2015	The nAChR modulators: mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and CP-601932 (a partial agonist of the alpha3beta4* nAChR), inhibited CT responses to nicotine, ethanol, and acetylcholine.	Nicotine	150-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
26039516-5	2015	The nAChR modulators: mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and CP-601932 (a partial agonist of the alpha3beta4* nAChR), inhibited CT responses to nicotine, ethanol, and acetylcholine.	Nicotine	150-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
25845434-6	2015	Furthermore, EGCG markedly inhibited HIF-1alpha-dependent angiogenesis induced by nicotine in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein expression induced by nicotine in A549 xenografts of nude mice.	Nicotine	178-186	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	143-147
25933953-0	2015	Context-controlled nicotine-induced changes in the labeling of serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the rat brain.	Nicotine	19-27	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	86-92
25933953-1	2015	BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptor ligands modulate the sensitizing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	132-140	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
25933953-5	2015	RESULTS: Repeated treatment with nicotine in home cages evoked significant increases in [(3)H]ketanserin binding to 5-HT2A receptors in the prefrontal cortex, striatal subregions and ventral tegmental area as well as reductions in [(3)H]mesulergine binding to 5-HT2C receptors in subregions of the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	33-41	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	260-266
25933953-6	2015	In contrast, nicotine paired with environmental context produced robust increases in 5-HT2A receptor labeling in the infralimbic cortex and decreased [(3)H]ketanserin binding in striatal subregions and ventral tegmental area; 5-HT2C receptor labeling in the prefrontal cortex fell.	Nicotine	13-21	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	226-232
25708842-7	2015	Plasma ZAG levels were positively correlated with male gender (P = 0.0002), number of cigarettes smoked per day (P &lt; 0.0001), smoking duration in years (P &lt; 0.0001), smoking index (P &lt; 0.0001) and nicotine dependence score (P &lt; 0.0001).	Nicotine	206-214	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	7-10
24811002-3	2014	Further investigation of the HLI model revealed that nicotine accelerated angiogenesis by activation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) synthesis through nicotinic receptors in myogenic cells, that is, satellite cells, in vivo and upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors, for example, VEGF and fibroblast growth factor 2, in vitro.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	145-149
24811002-3	2014	Further investigation of the HLI model revealed that nicotine accelerated angiogenesis by activation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) synthesis through nicotinic receptors in myogenic cells, that is, satellite cells, in vivo and upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors, for example, VEGF and fibroblast growth factor 2, in vitro.	Nicotine	53-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	309-313
22827509-0	2012	Acute behavioral effects of nicotine in male and female HINT1 knockout mice.	Nicotine	28-36	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	56-61
24583006-8	2014	Immunization of mice with a synthetic nicotine nanoparticle vaccine containing TpD showed that the peptide was required for robust antibody production and resulted in a long term CD4 memory T cell recall response.	Nicotine	38-46	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	179-182
24401102-0	2014	Multiple distinct CHRNB3-CHRNA6 variants are genetic risk factors for nicotine dependence in African Americans and European Americans.	Nicotine	70-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-24
24401102-0	2014	Multiple distinct CHRNB3-CHRNA6 variants are genetic risk factors for nicotine dependence in African Americans and European Americans.	Nicotine	70-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-31
25898242-3	2015	IPI activation during nicotine withdrawal was mediated by increased corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor-1 expression and signalling, which modulated glutamatergic input from the medial habenula (MHb).	Nicotine	22-30	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	68-98
25659902-0	2015	PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone reverses perinatal nicotine exposure-induced asthma in rat offspring.	Nicotine	52-60	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
25659902-1	2015	In a rat model, downregulation of homeostatic mesenchymal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) signaling following perinatal nicotine exposure contributes to offspring asthma, which can be effectively prevented by concomitant administration of PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ).	Nicotine	150-158	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
22827509-4	2012	Thus, in this study, using a battery of behavioral tests, we elucidated the role of HINT1 in acute nicotine-mediated behaviors using male and female HINT1 wild-type (+/+) and knockout (-/-) mice.	Nicotine	99-107	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	84-89
25659902-1	2015	In a rat model, downregulation of homeostatic mesenchymal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) signaling following perinatal nicotine exposure contributes to offspring asthma, which can be effectively prevented by concomitant administration of PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ).	Nicotine	150-158	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	269-279
25659902-3	2015	We hypothesized that perinatal nicotine exposure-induced asthma would be reversed by PPAR-gamma agonist RGZ.	Nicotine	31-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
24499461-5	2014	Additionally, nicotine-induced phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser847 and increased ROS and 8-nitro-cGMP production in rat CGNs (cerebellar granule neurons).	Nicotine	14-22	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
22827509-5	2012	The results show that male HINT1 -/- mice were less sensitive to acute nicotine-induced antinociception in the tail-flick, but not hot-plate test.	Nicotine	71-79	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	27-32
25659902-10	2015	We conclude that perinatal nicotine exposure-induced functional and molecular alterations in upper and lower airways can be reversed by PPAR-gamma agonist RGZ, allowing an effective intervention even when started postnatally.	Nicotine	27-35	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
22827509-6	2012	At low nicotine doses, male and female HINT1 -/- mice were less sensitive to nicotine-induced hypomotility, although the effect was more pronounced in females.	Nicotine	7-15	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	39-44
25637801-6	2015	Nicotine also promoted elevations in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of activated astrocytes, and the microglia biomarker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1).	Nicotine	0-8	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	55-86
22827509-6	2012	At low nicotine doses, male and female HINT1 -/- mice were less sensitive to nicotine-induced hypomotility, although the effect was more pronounced in females.	Nicotine	77-85	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	39-44
25637801-6	2015	Nicotine also promoted elevations in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of activated astrocytes, and the microglia biomarker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1).	Nicotine	0-8	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	88-92
24631364-0	2014	Binding free energies for nicotine analogs inhibiting cytochrome P450 2A6 by a combined use of molecular dynamics simulations and QM/MM-PBSA calculations.	Nicotine	26-34	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	54-73
22827509-11	2012	These results further support a role for HINT1 in nicotine-mediated behaviors and suggest that alterations in the gene may have differential effects on phenotype in males and females.	Nicotine	50-58	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	41-46
24631364-1	2014	Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations have been performed to explore the dynamic behaviors of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) binding with nicotine analogs (that are typical inhibitors) and to calculate their binding free energies in combination with Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (PBSA) calculations.	Nicotine	206-214	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	164-183
22807215-3	2012	Exposure to nicotine predominantly induced mRNA expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) among the different neurotrophic factors examined in cultured astrocytes, in a manner sensitive to nAChR antagonists, nifedipine, and aCa(2+) chelator.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	212-217
24631364-1	2014	Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations have been performed to explore the dynamic behaviors of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) binding with nicotine analogs (that are typical inhibitors) and to calculate their binding free energies in combination with Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (PBSA) calculations.	Nicotine	206-214	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	185-191
25440006-0	2015	AT-1001: a high-affinity alpha3beta4 nAChR ligand with novel nicotine-suppressive pharmacology.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
25440006-2	2015	AT-1001 has been recently described as a high-affinity and selective alpha3beta4 nAChR antagonist that blocks nicotine self-administration in rats.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
22899752-1	2012	Chronic nicotine administration increases alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density in brain.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
24911405-10	2015	The combination of nicotine and diabetes revealed a significant increase of 8.9 microm in the TRT (p &lt; 0.05) accompanied by a decrease in the number of GCL neurons.	Nicotine	19-27	germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated	Homo sapiens	155-158
25661292-0	2015	Perinatal nicotine exposure suppresses PPARgamma epigenetically in lung alveolar interstitial fibroblasts.	Nicotine	10-18	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	39-48
24675634-7	2014	These results suggest that the CHRNB3-A6 locus contains multiple variants affecting risk for vulnerability to cocaine and nicotine dependence as well as bipolar disorder, suggesting that they have pleiotropic effects.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
25661292-2	2015	We have previously shown that perinatal nicotine exposure, by down-regulating PPARgamma expression, accentuates this property, culminating in myogenic pulmonary phenotype, though the underlying mechanisms remained incompletely understood.	Nicotine	40-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
22899752-8	2012	We used a newly developed method involving radioligand binding to measure the concentrations and nAChR occupancy of saz-A, nicotine, and varenicline in brains from chronically treated rats.	Nicotine	123-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
25661292-3	2015	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced PPARgamma down-regulation is mediated by PPARgamma promoter methylation, controlled by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), two known key regulators of DNA methylation.	Nicotine	21-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
22899752-11	2012	These findings reinforce a model of nicotine addiction based on desensitization of up-regulated nAChRs and introduce a potential new strategy for smoking cessation therapy in which drugs such as saz-A can promote smoking cessation without maintaining nAChR up-regulation, thereby potentially increasing the rate of long-term abstinence from nicotine.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
25661292-3	2015	We hypothesized that nicotine-induced PPARgamma down-regulation is mediated by PPARgamma promoter methylation, controlled by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), two known key regulators of DNA methylation.	Nicotine	21-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
25661292-4	2015	Using cultured alveolar interstitial fibroblasts and an in vivo perinatal nicotine exposure rat model, we found that PPARgamma promoter methylation is strongly correlated with inhibition of PPARgamma expression in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	74-82	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
24527722-1	2014	Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2A6 has been demonstrated to play an important role in nicotine metabolism and consequent smoking habits.	Nicotine	91-99	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	20-39
24527722-7	2014	The chimeric system was also successfully used to demonstrate the inhibition of the electrochemical activity of the immobilized CYP2A6-FLD, toward both coumarin and nicotine substrates, by tranylcypromine, a potent and selective CYP2A6 inhibitor.	Nicotine	165-173	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	128-134
25661292-4	2015	Using cultured alveolar interstitial fibroblasts and an in vivo perinatal nicotine exposure rat model, we found that PPARgamma promoter methylation is strongly correlated with inhibition of PPARgamma expression in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	74-82	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	190-199
24527722-7	2014	The chimeric system was also successfully used to demonstrate the inhibition of the electrochemical activity of the immobilized CYP2A6-FLD, toward both coumarin and nicotine substrates, by tranylcypromine, a potent and selective CYP2A6 inhibitor.	Nicotine	165-173	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	229-235
25661292-4	2015	Using cultured alveolar interstitial fibroblasts and an in vivo perinatal nicotine exposure rat model, we found that PPARgamma promoter methylation is strongly correlated with inhibition of PPARgamma expression in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	230-238	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
22926197-0	2012	Tnfalpha, Cox2 and AdipoQ adipokine gene expression levels are modulated in murine adipose tissues by both nicotine and nACh receptors containing the beta2 subunit.	Nicotine	107-115	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	150-155
25661292-4	2015	Using cultured alveolar interstitial fibroblasts and an in vivo perinatal nicotine exposure rat model, we found that PPARgamma promoter methylation is strongly correlated with inhibition of PPARgamma expression in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	230-238	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	190-199
25661292-5	2015	Methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine restored the nicotine-induced down-regulation of PPARgamma expression and the activation of its downstream myogenic marker fibronectin.	Nicotine	58-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
24055499-0	2014	Chrna5 genotype determines the long-lasting effects of developmental in vivo nicotine exposure on prefrontal attention circuitry.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	0-6
24055499-10	2014	These findings suggest that chrna5 genotype can determine the effect of developmental in vivo nicotine on the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	28-34
25661292-6	2015	With nicotine exposure, a specific region of PPARgamma promoter was significantly enriched with antibodies against chromatin repressive markers H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, dose-dependently.	Nicotine	5-13	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	45-54
22926197-4	2012	Additionally, when nicotine was administered to wild-type mice, it significantly affected the expression of adipokine genes, such as Tnfalpha, AdipoQ, Haptoglobin and Mcp1 in WAT.	Nicotine	19-27	haptoglobin	Mus musculus	151-162
25661292-8	2015	The knock down of DNMT1 and MeCP2 abolished nicotine-mediated increases in DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein levels, and PPARgamma promoter methylation, restoring nicotine-induced down regulation of PPARgamma and upregulation of the myogenic protein, fibronectin.	Nicotine	44-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	189-198
24157491-7	2014	Nicotine pretreatment enhanced quinpirole-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in adolescents only.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
24157491-8	2014	Adolescent nicotine pretreatment enhanced c-fos mRNA expression in corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) cells of the paraventricular nucleus, and enhancement of penile erection was blocked by the CRF-1 receptor antagonist, CP 376,396.	Nicotine	11-19	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
25281224-0	2015	Contributions of beta2 subunit-containing nAChRs to chronic nicotine-induced alterations in cognitive flexibility in mice.	Nicotine	60-68	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	17-22
25281224-2	2015	Accumulating evidence suggests that beta2 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are involved in the reinforcing process of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	133-141	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	36-41
25281224-5	2015	RESULTS: Visual discrimination learning was not affected in saline-treated beta2 nAChR mutants as compared to the wild-type (beta2+/+) mice; yet, chronic nicotine facilitated acquisition of visual discrimination in all genotypes.	Nicotine	154-162	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	125-130
22926197-7	2012	Finally, analysis of a cellular model of cultured adipocytes demonstrated that application of nicotine after silencing of the beta2 nAChR subunit significantly elevated the expression level of Cox2 gene.	Nicotine	94-102	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	126-131
25281224-7	2015	Chronic nicotine treatment impaired reversal learning in beta2+/+ mice by increasing response perseveration to the previously rewarded stimulus.	Nicotine	8-16	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	57-62
25379267-0	2014	Neurotensin agonist attenuates nicotine potentiation to cocaine sensitization.	Nicotine	31-39	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
22926197-8	2012	Together, our data suggest a molecular link between the beta2 nACh receptor subunit and the expression levels of specific adipokines, which is also affected by nicotine.	Nicotine	160-168	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	56-61
22943848-1	2012	Part 8: Nicotine bridging--estimating smoke constituent exposure by their relationships to both nicotine levels in mainstream cigarette smoke and in smokers.	Nicotine	8-16	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14	Homo sapiens	0-6
24484986-6	2014	Receptor antagonists that selectivity target central nAChR subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked DA release should have efficacy as tobacco use cessation agents with the therapeutic advantage of a limited side-effect profile.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
24484986-11	2014	More recent data have shown that novel, nonquaternary bis-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine analogs potently inhibit (IC50&lt;1nM) nicotine-evoked DA release in vitro by acting as antagonists at alpha-CtxMII-sensitive nAChR subtypes; these compounds also decrease NIC self-administration in rats.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	211-216
25810076-9	2015	These results demonstrate that nicotine modulates gamma oscillations via alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR as well as NMDA activation, suggesting that nAChR activation may have a therapeutic role for the clinical disorder such as schizophrenia, which is known to have impaired gamma oscillation and hypo-NMDA receptor function.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
25810076-9	2015	These results demonstrate that nicotine modulates gamma oscillations via alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR as well as NMDA activation, suggesting that nAChR activation may have a therapeutic role for the clinical disorder such as schizophrenia, which is known to have impaired gamma oscillation and hypo-NMDA receptor function.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
22943848-1	2012	Part 8: Nicotine bridging--estimating smoke constituent exposure by their relationships to both nicotine levels in mainstream cigarette smoke and in smokers.	Nicotine	96-104	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14	Homo sapiens	0-6
25811377-8	2015	Maternal nicotine exposure led to increased expression of Grp78, phosphorylated eIF2alpha, Atf4, and CHOP (p&lt;0.05) in the rat placenta, demonstrating the presence of augmented ER stress.	Nicotine	9-17	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
25811377-8	2015	Maternal nicotine exposure led to increased expression of Grp78, phosphorylated eIF2alpha, Atf4, and CHOP (p&lt;0.05) in the rat placenta, demonstrating the presence of augmented ER stress.	Nicotine	9-17	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
24525957-5	2014	Chronic nicotine exposure increased alpha7-nAChR mRNA and protein expression, and elevated resting [Ca(2+)]i in cultured rat ASMCs.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
24525957-7	2014	Nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response was reversibly blocked by the alpha7-nAChR nicotinic antagonists, methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
24525957-8	2014	Small interfering RNA suppression of alpha7-nAChR also substantially blunted the Ca(2+) responses induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
25811377-9	2015	Decreased expression of PDI and QSOX1 (p&lt;0.05) reveal an impaired disulfide bond formation pathway, which may underlie nicotine-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	122-130	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
23106849-1	2012	BACKGROUND: By altering specific developmental signaling pathways that are necessary for fetal lung development, perinatal nicotine exposure affects lung growth and differentiation, resulting in the offsprings" predisposition to childhood asthma; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can inhibit this effect.	Nicotine	123-131	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	247-295
25811377-9	2015	Decreased expression of PDI and QSOX1 (p&lt;0.05) reveal an impaired disulfide bond formation pathway, which may underlie nicotine-induced ER stress.	Nicotine	122-130	quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
25811377-10	2015	Finally, elevated expression of Hif1alpha and GCN2 (p&lt;0.05) indicate hypoxia and amino acid deprivation in nicotine-exposed placentas, respectively, which may also cause impaired disulfide bond formation and augmented ER stress.	Nicotine	110-118	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
25514605-7	2015	A pretreatment with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists hexamethonium, mecamylamine, and methyllycaconitine, but not dextrometorphan, canceled the TH-LI nerve reinnervation induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	193-201	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	20-52
24525957-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
24525957-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
24525957-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
24525957-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
24525957-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.	Nicotine	261-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
24525957-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.	Nicotine	261-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
24525957-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.	Nicotine	261-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
24807738-4	2014	This paper discusses the changes in other markers of oxidative stress - the isozymes of superoxide dismutase Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD - in nicotine- and nicotine + D-amphetamine-treated rats.	Nicotine	135-143	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
24807738-4	2014	This paper discusses the changes in other markers of oxidative stress - the isozymes of superoxide dismutase Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD - in nicotine- and nicotine + D-amphetamine-treated rats.	Nicotine	149-157	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
25514605-9	2015	These results suggested that nicotine exhibited neurotrophic effects that facilitated the reinnervation of adrenergic TH-LI nerves by activating alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and NGF in the SCG.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	152-184
25418282-0	2015	Nicotine exposure alters the mRNA expression of Notch ligands in dendritic cells and their response to Th1-/Th2-promoting stimuli.	Nicotine	0-8	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	103-106
23106849-1	2012	BACKGROUND: By altering specific developmental signaling pathways that are necessary for fetal lung development, perinatal nicotine exposure affects lung growth and differentiation, resulting in the offsprings" predisposition to childhood asthma; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists can inhibit this effect.	Nicotine	123-131	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	297-306
25455509-1	2015	Some recent studies show an association between a functional polymorphism of BDNF gene (Val66Met) and the susceptibility to nicotine dependence and we hypothesized that this polymorphism was associated with smoking in both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.	Nicotine	124-132	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	77-81
25455509-9	2015	These results suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may affect a smoker"s response to nicotine in both schizophrenia and healthy controls from a Chinese Han population, but with differential effects in different aspects of smoking behaviors.	Nicotine	92-100	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	31-35
23903410-1	2014	Human cytochrome P450 CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 catalyze nicotine metabolisms and mediate activation of tobacco-specific carcinogens including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL).	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	33-40
23106849-8	2012	All of the nicotine-induced changes in the lung and gonad DNA methylation and histone 3 and 4 acetylation were normalized by the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone except for the histone 4 acetylation in the lung.	Nicotine	11-19	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	129-138
24095726-0	2013	A functional link between heme oxygenase-1 and tristetraprolin in the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	47-62
25381636-0	2015	Nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	41-46
22743290-9	2012	Finally, treatment with nicotine, a competitor of AFB(1), and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), an inhibitor of CYP enzyme, further confirm the critical role of CYP2A13 in AFB(1)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	154-161
25381636-0	2015	Nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway in RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	83-86
25381636-2	2015	In the present experiment, both the RAW264.7 and MOVAS cell lines were employed to examine the nicotine-induced modulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells.	Nicotine	95-103	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	134-139
25381636-3	2015	Our results showed that nicotine concentrations of both 0.5 and 5 ng/ml induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 upregulation, while a concentration of 50 ng/ml had a slight inhibitory effect and a concentration of 500 ng/ml showed a significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	24-32	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	88-93
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	110-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	49-52
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	133-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	49-52
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	133-141	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	174-179
25381636-4	2015	When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (alpha7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	133-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	194-197
26060595-0	2015	CYP2A6 Polymorphisms May Strengthen Individualized Treatment for Nicotine Dependence.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
26060595-1	2015	Each CYP2A6 gene variant metabolizes nicotine differently depending on its enzymatic activities.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
26060595-2	2015	The normal nicotine metabolizer CYP2A6(*)1A is associated with high scores of nicotine dependence (5-10) on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scale because it encodes for enzymes that catalyze nicotine 100%.	Nicotine	11-19	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	32-38
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	98-106	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	61-76
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	98-106	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	78-81
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	153-161	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	61-76
24095726-2	2013	We have previously reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by nicotine and mediate the anti-inflammatory function of nicotine in macrophages.	Nicotine	153-161	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	78-81
24095726-4	2013	In this study, we sought to determine whether HO-1 associates with TTP to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	115-123	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	67-70
24095726-7	2013	In an LPS-induced endotoxemia model, HO-1 deficiency blocked the effects of nicotine on the STAT3 phosphorylation, TTP induction, and LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in the liver.	Nicotine	76-84	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	115-118
23992036-4	2013	Long-term nicotine treatment selectively decreased stimulated alpha6beta2* nAChR-mediated dopamine release compared with vehicle-treated rats.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
23992036-9	2013	As antagonists function by blocking the action of acetylcholine, their ineffectiveness suggests that reduced acetylcholine levels partly underlie the dampened alpha6beta2* nAChR-mediated function in nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
24089524-7	2013	Nicotine-induced up-regulation of alpha7-nAChR required GATA4 and GATA6.	Nicotine	0-8	GATA binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
24089524-8	2013	ChIP assays showed that nicotine induced the binding of GATA4 or GATA6 to Sp1 on the alpha7-nAChR promoter, thereby inducing its transcription and increasing its levels in human SCC-L.	Nicotine	24-32	GATA binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
26060595-2	2015	The normal nicotine metabolizer CYP2A6(*)1A is associated with high scores of nicotine dependence (5-10) on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scale because it encodes for enzymes that catalyze nicotine 100%.	Nicotine	78-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	32-38
26060595-2	2015	The normal nicotine metabolizer CYP2A6(*)1A is associated with high scores of nicotine dependence (5-10) on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scale because it encodes for enzymes that catalyze nicotine 100%.	Nicotine	132-140	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	32-38
26060595-2	2015	The normal nicotine metabolizer CYP2A6(*)1A is associated with high scores of nicotine dependence (5-10) on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scale because it encodes for enzymes that catalyze nicotine 100%.	Nicotine	78-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	32-38
26060595-3	2015	Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and CYP2A6(*)12A) are associated with underrated nicotine metabolizing activity (50%-75%), linking them to low scores for nicotine dependence (0-4) on the FTND scale.	Nicotine	5-13	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
24204788-4	2013	The present series of experiments was therefore designed to investigate the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist, Exendin-4 (Ex4), on established nicotine-induced effects on the mesolimbic dopamine system in mice.	Nicotine	147-155	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	91-105
22458409-10	2012	Finally, EtOH decreased the expression of nAChR subunit mRNAs and, like mecamylamine, prevented the nicotine-associated increase in alpha4 and beta2 nAChR transcripts.	Nicotine	100-108	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	143-148
23810507-14	2013	Colitis group revealed decreased serum visfatin levels compared to control group which was completely reversed by nicotine.	Nicotine	114-122	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	39-47
25624792-3	2012	Preconditioning of 10 muM nicotine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, could attenuate the influence of amyloid beta protein 1-42 in inflammatory mediator secretion of cultured astrocytes.	Nicotine	26-34	distal-less homeobox 4	Homo sapiens	121-135
23907605-7	2013	All the above effects were inhibited by nicotine (a substrate of CYP2A13) or 8-MOP (an inhibitor of CYP enzymes), confirming that CYP2A13 mediated the AFG1-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damages.	Nicotine	40-48	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	65-72
23907605-7	2013	All the above effects were inhibited by nicotine (a substrate of CYP2A13) or 8-MOP (an inhibitor of CYP enzymes), confirming that CYP2A13 mediated the AFG1-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damages.	Nicotine	40-48	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	130-137
23907605-7	2013	All the above effects were inhibited by nicotine (a substrate of CYP2A13) or 8-MOP (an inhibitor of CYP enzymes), confirming that CYP2A13 mediated the AFG1-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damages.	Nicotine	40-48	AFG1 like ATPase	Homo sapiens	151-155
25547627-9	2015	The feline CYP2A13 protein heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli showed metabolic activity similar to those of human and canine CYP2As for coumarin, 7-ethoxycoumarin and nicotine.	Nicotine	178-186	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	11-18
25458499-1	2014	Inhibition of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism can reduce cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	30-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	14-20
22700965-0	2012	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone binding and access channel in human cytochrome P450 2A6 and 2A13 enzymes.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-124
25128791-0	2014	Administration of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists ABT-089 and ABT-107 attenuates the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats.	Nicotine	116-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	22-54
25128791-5	2014	The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of the alpha4beta2*/alpha6beta2* nAChR agonist ABT-089 and the alpha7 nAChR agonist ABT-107 on nicotine taking and seeking in rats.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
25051446-11	2014	Chronic nicotine exposure caused an increased buildup of NO in plasma and liver, leading to decreased glycogen storage, along with a concomitant suppression of Pepck and G6Pase mRNA, thus preventing hyperglycemia.	Nicotine	8-16	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	160-165
23278137-10	2013	The addition of nicotine was found to enhance arecoline-induced MGMT expression.	Nicotine	16-24	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	64-68
23278137-13	2013	Nicotine has a synergistic effect of arecoline-induced MGMT expression.	Nicotine	0-8	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	55-59
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	65-77
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	157-169
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	157-169
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	137-145	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	157-169
23842742-5	2013	On the other hand, a cross-talk between alpha7-nAChR and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was revealed by the following facts: (1) nicotine stabilizes beta-catenin, in a concentration-dependent manner; (2) nicotine prevents Abeta-induced loss of beta-catenin through the alpha7-nAChR; and (3) activation of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling induces alpha7-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	212-220	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	65-77
22700965-3	2012	X-ray structures of nicotine complexes with CYP2A13 (2.5 A) and CYP2A6 (2.3 A) yield a structural rationale for the preferential binding of nicotine to CYP2A13.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	44-51
24859605-1	2014	Metabolism of nicotine to inactive cotinine by hepatic enzyme CYP2A6 is the principal pathway by which active nicotine is removed from circulation.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	62-68
24859605-1	2014	Metabolism of nicotine to inactive cotinine by hepatic enzyme CYP2A6 is the principal pathway by which active nicotine is removed from circulation.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	62-68
22700965-3	2012	X-ray structures of nicotine complexes with CYP2A13 (2.5 A) and CYP2A6 (2.3 A) yield a structural rationale for the preferential binding of nicotine to CYP2A13.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
24859605-2	2014	We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of mouse CYP2A5, the ortolog of human CYP2A6, by methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) alter dependence-related behaviors of nicotine in the mouse.	Nicotine	161-169	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
22700965-3	2012	X-ray structures of nicotine complexes with CYP2A13 (2.5 A) and CYP2A6 (2.3 A) yield a structural rationale for the preferential binding of nicotine to CYP2A13.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	152-159
24859605-11	2014	Combining CYP2A6 inhibitors with low dose nicotine replacement therapies may have a beneficial role in smoking cessation because it will decrease the drug elimination rate and maintain plasma and brain nicotine levels.	Nicotine	202-210	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
22700965-3	2012	X-ray structures of nicotine complexes with CYP2A13 (2.5 A) and CYP2A6 (2.3 A) yield a structural rationale for the preferential binding of nicotine to CYP2A13.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	44-51
25260978-10	2014	In vitro exposure of cells to single doses or seven days of nicotine induced the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and EGR-1 and these responses were blocked by GABA.	Nicotine	60-68	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	110-115
23447334-3	2013	The aim of this study is to evaluate whether nicotine administration affects the expression of DRD1s, and if so, whether epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone acetylation, are involved.	Nicotine	45-53	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
22700965-3	2012	X-ray structures of nicotine complexes with CYP2A13 (2.5 A) and CYP2A6 (2.3 A) yield a structural rationale for the preferential binding of nicotine to CYP2A13.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
23447334-7	2013	DRD1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the PFC of the nicotine-treated group compared with controls; similar trends were observed in the VTA and STR.	Nicotine	64-72	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
22700965-3	2012	X-ray structures of nicotine complexes with CYP2A13 (2.5 A) and CYP2A6 (2.3 A) yield a structural rationale for the preferential binding of nicotine to CYP2A13.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	152-159
23447334-10	2013	Our results suggest that intermittent subcutaneous nicotine administration increases the expression of DRD1 mRNA in the PFC of rats, and this increase may be due to changes in histone H4 acetylation of the 2kb promoter of the DRD1 gene.	Nicotine	51-59	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
23447334-10	2013	Our results suggest that intermittent subcutaneous nicotine administration increases the expression of DRD1 mRNA in the PFC of rats, and this increase may be due to changes in histone H4 acetylation of the 2kb promoter of the DRD1 gene.	Nicotine	51-59	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	226-230
22700965-7	2012	Altogether these structures provide multiple new snapshots of CYP2A13 conformations that assist in understanding the binding and activation of an important human carcinogen, as well as critical comparisons in the binding of nicotine, one of the most widely used and highly addictive drugs in human use.	Nicotine	224-232	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	62-69
24731518-2	2014	The beta3 nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor subunit (encoded by CHRNB3) is depleted in the striatum of PD patients and associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	134-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-69
22101982-0	2012	Overexpression of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 genomic cluster in mice increases the sensitivity to nicotine and modifies its reinforcing effects.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	22-28
24828283-11	2014	RESULTS: Stimulation with nicotine resulted in EGC activation, as demonstrated by an increase in GFAP expression.	Nicotine	26-34	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	97-101
23999525-4	2014	Quantitative analysis of saline, nicotine and nicotine WD in two biological replicates corroborate this finding, with NRG3 increases in both mRNA and protein following WD from chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	46-54	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	118-122
23999525-4	2014	Quantitative analysis of saline, nicotine and nicotine WD in two biological replicates corroborate this finding, with NRG3 increases in both mRNA and protein following WD from chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	46-54	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	118-122
23999525-7	2014	NRG3 is a neural-enriched member of the epidermal growth factor family, and a specific ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4, which is also upregulated following nicotine treatment and WD.	Nicotine	170-178	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
23999525-9	2014	Although the function of the SNP in NRG3 in humans is not known, these data suggest that Nrg3/ErbB4 signaling may be an important factor in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	140-148	neuregulin 3	Homo sapiens	89-93
23810802-8	2013	Overall, our data support a role for the HINT1 gene in mediating behaviors associated with nicotine reward and physical nicotine withdrawal, and provide insight into the role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence-like behaviors.	Nicotine	91-99	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	41-46
23810802-8	2013	Overall, our data support a role for the HINT1 gene in mediating behaviors associated with nicotine reward and physical nicotine withdrawal, and provide insight into the role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence-like behaviors.	Nicotine	120-128	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	41-46
23810802-8	2013	Overall, our data support a role for the HINT1 gene in mediating behaviors associated with nicotine reward and physical nicotine withdrawal, and provide insight into the role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence-like behaviors.	Nicotine	120-128	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	41-46
23936477-1	2013	BACKGROUND: CYP2A6 metabolizes nicotine to its primary metabolite cotinine and also mediates the metabolism of cotinine to trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3HC).	Nicotine	31-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
23936477-2	2013	The ratio of 3HC to cotinine (the "nicotine metabolite ratio", NMR) is an in vivo marker for the rate of CYP2A6 mediated nicotine metabolism, and total nicotine clearance, and has been associated with differences in numerous smoking behaviors.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
22101982-8	2012	Our study provides the first in vivo evidence of the involvement of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 genomic cluster in nicotine addiction through modifying the activity of brain regions responsible for the balance between the rewarding and the aversive properties of this drug.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	72-78
23936477-2	2013	The ratio of 3HC to cotinine (the "nicotine metabolite ratio", NMR) is an in vivo marker for the rate of CYP2A6 mediated nicotine metabolism, and total nicotine clearance, and has been associated with differences in numerous smoking behaviors.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
23936477-2	2013	The ratio of 3HC to cotinine (the "nicotine metabolite ratio", NMR) is an in vivo marker for the rate of CYP2A6 mediated nicotine metabolism, and total nicotine clearance, and has been associated with differences in numerous smoking behaviors.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
24709674-9	2014	Furthermore, in nicotine-treated NCI-H295A cells, lower levels of steroidogenic synthesis, lower expression of SF-1 and its target genes were observed while the expression of HDACs was enhanced.	Nicotine	16-24	splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
24709674-10	2014	The interaction between SF1 and StAR decreased with nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	52-60	splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
22887905-9	2012	It also dose dependently inhibited the nicotine-induced secretion of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 by epithelial cells.	Nicotine	39-47	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	69-99
24709674-11	2014	Nicotine treatment decreased histone H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation levels, and addition of TSA reversed the inhibition of nicotine-mediated SF-1 and its partial target genes.	Nicotine	0-8	splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
24709674-11	2014	Nicotine treatment decreased histone H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation levels, and addition of TSA reversed the inhibition of nicotine-mediated SF-1 and its partial target genes.	Nicotine	119-127	splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
24709674-12	2014	Thus, nicotine-mediated reduction of SF-1 expression resulted in an inhibitory effect on the expression of its target genes and steroid production via histone deacetylation.	Nicotine	6-14	splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
23995055-6	2013	dose dependently counteracted the nicotine-induced improvement of spontaneous alternation in GM3(-/-) mice, whereas the alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (2.5, 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.)	Nicotine	34-42	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	93-96
23995055-10	2013	These findings revealed that nicotine improved spontaneous alternation behavior of GM3(-/-) mice via the activation of alpha4beta2, but not alpha7, nAChR.	Nicotine	29-37	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	83-86
23545467-5	2013	Recent findings in genetically engineered mice have indicated that while alpha4-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the acquisition of nicotine self-administration and initial stages of nicotine dependence, alpha7 homomeric nAChRs appear to be involved in the later stages of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	154-162	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	95-100
23545467-5	2013	Recent findings in genetically engineered mice have indicated that while alpha4-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the acquisition of nicotine self-administration and initial stages of nicotine dependence, alpha7 homomeric nAChRs appear to be involved in the later stages of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	95-100
23545467-5	2013	Recent findings in genetically engineered mice have indicated that while alpha4-containing and beta2-containing nAChRs are involved in the acquisition of nicotine self-administration and initial stages of nicotine dependence, alpha7 homomeric nAChRs appear to be involved in the later stages of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	95-100
24468643-0	2014	Basolateral amygdala CB1 cannabinoid receptors mediate nicotine-induced place preference.	Nicotine	55-63	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
24468643-1	2014	In the present study, the effects of bilateral microinjections of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist and antagonist into the basolateral amygdala (intra-BLA) on nicotine-induced place preference were examined in rats.	Nicotine	159-167	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
22480616-6	2012	beta2-VEC mice readily acquired and maintained nicotine self-administration at the effective dose of 15 mug/kg/infusion, while sham KO-GFP mice did not.	Nicotine	47-55	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
24468643-5	2014	On the other hand, intra-BLA administration of AM251 (20-60 ng/rat), a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist inhibited the acquisition of nicotine-induced place preference.	Nicotine	146-154	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
24637631-2	2014	The primary hypothesis of this study was to identify whether the polymorphisms of two glutathione-S-transferase enzymes (GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes) predict an increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders in smokers with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	216-224	glutathione S-transferase theta 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
24804708-4	2014	We previously undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes and found that rare missense variants at conserved residues in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence among African Americans.	Nicotine	247-255	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-123
24804708-4	2014	We previously undertook pooled sequencing of the coding regions and flanking sequence of the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB4, CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes and found that rare missense variants at conserved residues in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence among African Americans.	Nicotine	247-255	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-134
23679187-3	2013	Prenatal nicotine exposure induced enduring changes in neuroanatomical organisation that varied between male and female offspring, with males exhibiting increased dendritic complexity of neurons in AID and NAc whereas females experienced increased dendritic complexity in Par1 but decreased dendritic complexity of neurons in NAc.	Nicotine	9-17	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Rattus norvegicus	272-276
23679187-4	2013	Similarly, nicotine given in late adolescence dramatically reorganised neural circuitry of both male and female offspring, with males exhibiting decreased dendritic complexity of neurons in Par1 and Cg3 but increased dendritic complexity in AID, and females exhibiting decreased dendritic complexity in Cg3 and NAc but increased complexity in AID.	Nicotine	11-19	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
22480616-7	2012	The recovery of the WT phenotype by the re-expression of beta2 receptor subunits within the VTA supports the role of this specific population in nicotine reinforcement, and reveals that they are sufficient for the acquisition and maintenance of systemic nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	145-153	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	57-62
23891776-1	2013	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing alpha4 and beta2 subunits are the principal receptors in the mammalian central nervous system that bind nicotine with high affinity.	Nicotine	167-175	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
24499461-7	2014	Nicotine induced HO-1 (haem oxygenase 1) expression in CGNs and showed cytoprotective effects against apoptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-39
22480616-7	2012	The recovery of the WT phenotype by the re-expression of beta2 receptor subunits within the VTA supports the role of this specific population in nicotine reinforcement, and reveals that they are sufficient for the acquisition and maintenance of systemic nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	254-262	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	57-62
22357947-8	2012	Consistently, CST peptides blocked various stages of nAChR signal transduction, such as nicotine- or acetylcholine-evoked inward current, rise in intracellular Ca(2+) and catecholamine secretion in or from neuron-differentiated PC12 cells, in the same rank order.	Nicotine	88-96	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	14-17
24337025-10	2014	The mRNA encoding for nicotine receptor subunits (alpha7, beta2 and alpha4) did not differ between genotypes and as a result of previous nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	22-30	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	58-74
24287167-9	2014	Nicotine alone impaired IL-10 and TNF-alpha production by 48.8 (37)% and 49 (50)%, respectively (p&lt;0.05) through an alpha-7 nicotine receptor-independent mechanism.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	24-29
24647948-0	2014	Nicotine self-administration induces CB1-dependent LTP in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.	Nicotine	0-8	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
24647948-1	2014	Nicotine addiction is characterized by repetitive drug taking and drug seeking, both tightly controlled by cannabinoid CB1 receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
24399025-6	2014	Meanwhile, nicotine afforded protection against cisplatin-induced toxicity through inhibiting caspase-3 activation and upregulating anti-apoptotic protein expression.	Nicotine	11-19	caspase 3	Mus musculus	94-103
24399025-7	2014	Further exploration demonstrated that nicotine efficiently abolished cisplatin-promoted mitochondria translocation of Bax and the release of cytochrome c. The pretreatment of alpha-bungarotoxin and tubocurarine chloride significantly attenuated nicotine-augmented cell viability, abolished caspase-3 activation and alpha7 nAChR upregulation.	Nicotine	38-46	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	118-121
24399025-7	2014	Further exploration demonstrated that nicotine efficiently abolished cisplatin-promoted mitochondria translocation of Bax and the release of cytochrome c. The pretreatment of alpha-bungarotoxin and tubocurarine chloride significantly attenuated nicotine-augmented cell viability, abolished caspase-3 activation and alpha7 nAChR upregulation.	Nicotine	38-46	caspase 3	Mus musculus	290-299
24448396-0	2014	Variation in P450 oxidoreductase (POR) A503V and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)-3 E158K is associated with minor alterations in nicotine metabolism, but does not alter cigarette consumption.	Nicotine	135-143	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	49-88
24448396-1	2014	The rates of nicotine metabolism differ widely, even after controlling for genetic variation in the major nicotine-metabolizing enzyme, CYP2A6.	Nicotine	106-114	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	136-142
24448396-4	2014	In 130 nonsmokers of African descent who received 4 mg oral nicotine, FMO3 158K trended toward slower nicotine metabolism in reduced CYP2A6 metabolizers (P=0.07) only, whereas POR 503V was associated with faster CYP2A6 activity (nicotine metabolite ratio) in normal (P=0.03), but not reduced, CYP2A6 metabolizers.	Nicotine	60-68	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	70-74
24448396-4	2014	In 130 nonsmokers of African descent who received 4 mg oral nicotine, FMO3 158K trended toward slower nicotine metabolism in reduced CYP2A6 metabolizers (P=0.07) only, whereas POR 503V was associated with faster CYP2A6 activity (nicotine metabolite ratio) in normal (P=0.03), but not reduced, CYP2A6 metabolizers.	Nicotine	102-110	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	70-74
24448396-4	2014	In 130 nonsmokers of African descent who received 4 mg oral nicotine, FMO3 158K trended toward slower nicotine metabolism in reduced CYP2A6 metabolizers (P=0.07) only, whereas POR 503V was associated with faster CYP2A6 activity (nicotine metabolite ratio) in normal (P=0.03), but not reduced, CYP2A6 metabolizers.	Nicotine	102-110	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	70-74
24448396-6	2014	Thus, FMO3 E158K and POR A503V are minor sources of nicotine metabolism variation, insufficient to appreciably alter smoking.	Nicotine	52-60	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	6-10
24549570-8	2014	By contrast, the priming effect of nicotine on cocaine is blocked in genetically modified mice that are haploinsufficient for the CREB-binding protein (CBP) and possess only one functional CBP allele and therefore exhibit a reduction in histone acetylation.	Nicotine	35-43	CREB binding protein	Mus musculus	130-150
24549570-8	2014	By contrast, the priming effect of nicotine on cocaine is blocked in genetically modified mice that are haploinsufficient for the CREB-binding protein (CBP) and possess only one functional CBP allele and therefore exhibit a reduction in histone acetylation.	Nicotine	35-43	CREB binding protein	Mus musculus	152-155
24549570-8	2014	By contrast, the priming effect of nicotine on cocaine is blocked in genetically modified mice that are haploinsufficient for the CREB-binding protein (CBP) and possess only one functional CBP allele and therefore exhibit a reduction in histone acetylation.	Nicotine	35-43	CREB binding protein	Mus musculus	189-192
24336649-5	2014	Simultaneously, in vitro study showed that nicotine treatment (10 nM) significantly increased basal [Ca(2+)]i and SOCE and upregulated TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression in cultured rat distal PASMCs.	Nicotine	43-51	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
24336649-5	2014	Simultaneously, in vitro study showed that nicotine treatment (10 nM) significantly increased basal [Ca(2+)]i and SOCE and upregulated TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression in cultured rat distal PASMCs.	Nicotine	43-51	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
24336649-6	2014	TRPC siRNA knockdown strategies revealed that the elevations of basal [Ca(2+)]i and SOCE induced by nicotine in PASMCs were TRPC1 and TRPC6 dependent.	Nicotine	100-108	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
24336649-6	2014	TRPC siRNA knockdown strategies revealed that the elevations of basal [Ca(2+)]i and SOCE induced by nicotine in PASMCs were TRPC1 and TRPC6 dependent.	Nicotine	100-108	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
24336649-7	2014	These results suggested that chronic CS-induced changes in vascular tone and structure in PA and the development of pulmonary hypertension might be largely due to upregulation of TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression in PASMCs, in which nicotine played an important role.	Nicotine	226-234	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
23771199-2	2013	Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are neurosteroids that have been associated with mood measures as well as smoking status, and nicotine is associated with increased DHEA and DHEAS levels.	Nicotine	149-157	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
23771199-2	2013	Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are neurosteroids that have been associated with mood measures as well as smoking status, and nicotine is associated with increased DHEA and DHEAS levels.	Nicotine	149-157	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	196-201
23771199-9	2013	Given that nicotine is known to elevate DHEA(S) levels, these results suggest that DHEAS may serve as a biomarker of the association between mood and nicotine among smokers.	Nicotine	11-19	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
23771199-9	2013	Given that nicotine is known to elevate DHEA(S) levels, these results suggest that DHEAS may serve as a biomarker of the association between mood and nicotine among smokers.	Nicotine	150-158	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
23199342-0	2013	Effects of sirtuin 1 activation on nicotine and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts.	Nicotine	35-43	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	11-20
23199342-2	2013	The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of activating SIRT1 using resveratrol and recombinant adenovirus encoding SIRT1 (Ad-SIRT1) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to elucidate its mechanism of action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nicotine stimulated-HGF.	Nicotine	264-272	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
23199342-2	2013	The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of activating SIRT1 using resveratrol and recombinant adenovirus encoding SIRT1 (Ad-SIRT1) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to elucidate its mechanism of action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nicotine stimulated-HGF.	Nicotine	264-272	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
23199342-2	2013	The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of activating SIRT1 using resveratrol and recombinant adenovirus encoding SIRT1 (Ad-SIRT1) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to elucidate its mechanism of action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nicotine stimulated-HGF.	Nicotine	264-272	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	134-142
23199342-6	2013	RESULTS: Nicotine and LPS up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 mRNA and SIRT1 protein in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	9-17	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
23199342-6	2013	RESULTS: Nicotine and LPS up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 mRNA and SIRT1 protein in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	9-17	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
23199342-7	2013	Resveratrol and Ad-SIRT1 decreased LPS and nicotine-induced cytotoxicity, ROS and PGE2 production, and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in HGFs.	Nicotine	43-51	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
23503685-3	2013	We hypothesized that ceftriaxone, a GLT-1 and system xC- activator, would decrease murine behavioral aspects of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	112-120	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	36-41
23602888-11	2013	These effects could be almost completely inhibited by 100 muM nicotine (a substrate of CYP2A13) or 1 muM 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP; an inhibitor of CYP enzyme).	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	87-94
25309774-13	2013	Parallel to the behavioral changes, chronic alcohol resulted in a significant decrease in hippocampal BDNF, which was normalized by nicotine.	Nicotine	132-140	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
23825647-6	2013	We discovered the greatest nicotine stress response by HPCAL4 (up-regulated by 4.71 fold) and NPAS3 (down-regulated by -2.73 fold); both are genes that have not been previously implicated in nicotine exposure but are linked to cancer.	Nicotine	27-35	neuronal PAS domain protein 3	Homo sapiens	94-99
23825647-6	2013	We discovered the greatest nicotine stress response by HPCAL4 (up-regulated by 4.71 fold) and NPAS3 (down-regulated by -2.73 fold); both are genes that have not been previously implicated in nicotine exposure but are linked to cancer.	Nicotine	191-199	neuronal PAS domain protein 3	Homo sapiens	94-99
23785432-0	2013	Prenatal nicotine and maternal deprivation stress de-regulate the development of CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus neurons in hippocampus of infant rats.	Nicotine	9-17	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
23724059-6	2013	Previous studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPARalpha), nuclear receptor transcription factors, suppress nicotine-induced behavioral and electrophysiological effects by modulating nAChRs containing beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	147-155	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	240-245
24592206-6	2014	Experiments using the OX1 antagonist SB-334867 and mutant mice have involved the OX1 receptor in mediating the compulsive reinstatement of drug seeking for ethanol, nicotine, cocaine, cannabinoids and morphine.	Nicotine	165-173	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
24592206-6	2014	Experiments using the OX1 antagonist SB-334867 and mutant mice have involved the OX1 receptor in mediating the compulsive reinstatement of drug seeking for ethanol, nicotine, cocaine, cannabinoids and morphine.	Nicotine	165-173	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
22357947-8	2012	Consistently, CST peptides blocked various stages of nAChR signal transduction, such as nicotine- or acetylcholine-evoked inward current, rise in intracellular Ca(2+) and catecholamine secretion in or from neuron-differentiated PC12 cells, in the same rank order.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
22278092-8	2012	These results suggest that its inhibition of nicotine self-administration in rats is not directly due to a decrease in dopamine release from the NAc, and most likely involves an indirect pathway requiring alpha3beta4 nAChR.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	217-222
24389946-6	2014	RESULTS: Co-application of the nAChR agonist nicotine (1 mumol/L) and the mGluR1 agonist dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG, 25 mumol/L) was able to induce gamma oscillation in MSDB slices.	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
24454942-9	2014	Nicotine treatment suppressed MMCs hyperplasia, enhanced MPO and upregulated mRNA expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the FA mice colon.	Nicotine	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	57-60
23528144-1	2013	Functional CYP2A6 genetic variation partially determines nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	57-65	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	11-17
25157203-5	2013	However, hippocampal MMP-9 expression was differentially elevated in members of the nicotine-induced CPP group on days 4 and 5 of training.	Nicotine	84-92	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
25157203-9	2013	These results suggest that MMP-9 may be involved in facilitating the intracellular and extracellular events required for the synaptic plasticity underlying the acquisition of nicotine-induced CPP.	Nicotine	175-183	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
24033696-0	2014	Pharmacotherapy effects on smoking cessation vary with nicotine metabolism gene (CYP2A6).	Nicotine	55-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	81-87
22278092-9	2012	In conclusion, our studies provide further evidence for the involvement of alpha3beta4 nAChR in nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
24033696-6	2014	MEASUREMENTS: Survival analysis was used to model time to relapse using nicotine metabolism derived from CYP2A6 genotype-based estimates.	Nicotine	72-80	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
24033696-9	2014	Further, only the effect of nicotine replacement, and not bupropion, varies with CYP2A6-defined metabolic function.	Nicotine	28-36	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	81-87
23474704-13	2013	The nicotine-induced spiking activity (large-amplitude population spikes) was suppressed by the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (0.3 mumol/L).	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
22342802-2	2012	Nicotine metabolism, mediated by the enzyme CYP2A6, also influences smoking behavior.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	44-50
23462429-0	2013	CYP2A6 slow nicotine metabolism is associated with increased quitting by adolescent smokers.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
23462429-1	2013	Variation in the CYP2A6 gene, which decreases the rate of nicotine metabolic inactivation, is associated with higher adult smoking cessation rates during clinical trials.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	17-23
23486955-11	2013	Two-photon imaging of neuronal population activity showed that prolonged exposure to nicotine limited cholinergic signaling through beta2* nAChRs to deep PFC layers where alpha5 subunits were expressed.	Nicotine	85-93	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	132-137
24033696-10	2014	The effect of nicotine replacement on continuous abstinence is moderated by the combined genetic risks from CYP2A6 and CHRNA5 (Wald = 7.44, d.f.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	108-114
22267538-4	2012	Adrenomedullin, PlGF, and VEGF gene transcripts were significantly upregulated by 1% CSE treatment compared with unstimulated cells or cells treated with nicotine alone.	Nicotine	154-162	adrenomedullin	Homo sapiens	0-14
25343290-1	2014	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (P450 2A6) is the major enzyme responsible for the oxidation of coumarin, nicotine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in human liver.	Nicotine	94-102	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
24212240-8	2014	RESULTS: Prophylactic and delayed therapeutic application of nicotine, physostigmine, or neostigmine significantly attenuated the severity of acute pancreatitis 12 hours after the induction of severe necrotizing pancreatitis compared with untreated controls as evaluated with histological scores, myeloperoxidase, and high-mobility group box 1 levels (P &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	61-69	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	318-343
23419392-2	2013	The beta2* nAChR subtype serves as a potential interface for these interactions since they are the principle mediators of nicotine dependence and have recently been shown to modulate some acute responses to ethanol.	Nicotine	122-130	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	4-9
22537161-0	2012	Nicotine, IFN-gamma and retinoic acid mediated induction of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer requires E2F1 and STAT-1 transcription factors and utilize different signaling cascades.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	104-110
23112005-1	2013	CYP 2A6 is a human enzyme that metabolizes many xenobiotics including coumarin, indole, nicotine and carcinogenic nitrosamines.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-7
24358374-5	2013	Compared with controls, fetal exposed rats displayed an altered innate response to nicotine odor that was evident at P17, declined in magnitude by P35 and was absent at P90--these effects were specific to nicotine odor.	Nicotine	83-91	cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
22537161-6	2012	IFN-gamma and RA could collaborate with nicotine in elevating the expression of MUC4, utilizing E2F1 and STAT1 transcription factors.	Nicotine	40-48	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
24196027-0	2013	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV mediates acute nicotine-induced antinociception in acute thermal pain tests.	Nicotine	62-70	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	0-46
23203414-1	2013	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and some tobacco-specific carcinogens (such as N-nitrosamines).	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
24196027-2	2013	The less abundant calcium-activated second messenger, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), mediates emotional responses to pain and tolerance to morphine analgesia but its role in nicotine-mediated antinociception is currently unknown.	Nicotine	200-208	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	54-100
24196027-2	2013	The less abundant calcium-activated second messenger, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), mediates emotional responses to pain and tolerance to morphine analgesia but its role in nicotine-mediated antinociception is currently unknown.	Nicotine	200-208	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	102-108
24196027-3	2013	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of CaMKIV in the acute effects of nicotine, primarily acute nicotine-induced antinociception.	Nicotine	82-90	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	51-57
24196027-3	2013	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of CaMKIV in the acute effects of nicotine, primarily acute nicotine-induced antinociception.	Nicotine	108-116	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	51-57
24196027-4	2013	CaMKIV knockout (-/-), heterozygote (+/-), and wild-type (+/+) mice were injected with various doses of nicotine and evaluated in a battery of tests, including the tail-flick and hot-plate tests for antinociception, body temperature, and locomotor activity.	Nicotine	104-112	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	0-6
24196027-5	2013	Our results show a genotype-dependent reduction in tail-flick and hot-plate latency in CaMKIV (+/-) and (-/-) mice after acute nicotine treatment, whereas no difference was observed between genotypes in the body temperature and locomotor activity assessments.	Nicotine	127-135	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	87-93
24196027-6	2013	The results of this study support a role for CaMKIV in acute nicotine-induced spinal and supraspinal pain mechanisms, and further implicate involvement of calcium-dependent mechanisms in drug-induced antinociception.	Nicotine	61-69	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	Mus musculus	45-51
24095726-8	2013	Downregulation of STAT3 by siRNA attenuated the effect of nicotine on TTP expression and TNF-alpha production but did not affect the nicotine-mediated induction of HO-1.	Nicotine	58-66	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	70-73
24095726-9	2013	In TTP knockout mice, nicotine treatment enhanced HO-1 expression and STAT3 activation but failed to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.	Nicotine	22-30	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	3-6
24095726-10	2013	Our results suggest that HO-1 and TTP are functionally linked in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine; HO-1 is necessary for the induction of TTP by nicotine.	Nicotine	108-116	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	34-37
24201082-2	2013	Nicotine injection in full-thickness excisional skin wounds minimally affected inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 while it induced a down-regulation in the expression of growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	203-207
23399696-5	2013	We report again that disease onset is delayed and severity is attenuated in nicotine-treated, wild-type mice, an effect that also is observed in alpha9 subunit knock-out (KO) mice irrespective of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	76-84	integrin alpha 9	Mus musculus	145-151
23399696-6	2013	On the other hand, beta2 KO mice fail to recover from peak measures of disease severity regardless of nicotine treatment, despite retaining sensitivity to nicotine"s attenuation of disease severity.	Nicotine	155-163	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	19-24
23399696-8	2013	Our data thus suggest that beta2*- and alpha9*-nAChRs, in addition to alpha7-nAChRs, have different roles in endogenous and nicotine-dependent modulation of immune functions and could be exploited as therapeutic targets to modulate inflammation and autoimmunity.	Nicotine	124-132	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	27-32
23399696-8	2013	Our data thus suggest that beta2*- and alpha9*-nAChRs, in addition to alpha7-nAChRs, have different roles in endogenous and nicotine-dependent modulation of immune functions and could be exploited as therapeutic targets to modulate inflammation and autoimmunity.	Nicotine	124-132	integrin alpha 9	Mus musculus	39-45
23261423-1	2013	Nicotine (NIC), the main psychostimulant compound of smoked tobacco, exerts its effects through activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which become up-regulated after chronic administration.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
23261423-1	2013	Nicotine (NIC), the main psychostimulant compound of smoked tobacco, exerts its effects through activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which become up-regulated after chronic administration.	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
23030247-6	2013	Furthermore, their osteogenic differentiation capabilities were reduced in the presence of nicotine as evidenced by gene expression (RUNX2, ALPL, BGLAP, COL1A1, and COL1A2), calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity analyses.	Nicotine	91-99	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	153-159
24201082-5	2013	Moreover, nicotine was shown to down-regulate VEGF, PDGF and TGF-beta1 in both bone marrow derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells.	Nicotine	10-18	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	46-50
22537161-7	2012	Depletion of STAT1 or E2F1 abrogated the induction of MUC4; nicotine-mediated induction of MUC4 appeared to require alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit.	Nicotine	60-68	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
24045421-3	2013	We found that, compared with wild-type mice, the Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice showed &gt;90% decreases in hepatic microsomal nicotine oxidase activity in vitro, and in rates of systemic nicotine clearance in vivo.	Nicotine	120-128	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	49-54
24045421-5	2013	Compared with the behavioral responses in wild-type mice, the decreases in nicotine metabolism in the Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice led to prolonged nicotine-induced acute pharmacological effects, in that null mice showed enhanced nicotine hypothermia and antinociception.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	102-107
24045421-5	2013	Compared with the behavioral responses in wild-type mice, the decreases in nicotine metabolism in the Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice led to prolonged nicotine-induced acute pharmacological effects, in that null mice showed enhanced nicotine hypothermia and antinociception.	Nicotine	143-151	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	102-107
22414858-6	2012	The restricted distribution of c-Fos to these areas, all of which are directly or indirectly involved in acute stress regulation after a single dose of ispronicline, supports earlier studies that the alpha4beta2 receptors are strongly involved in nicotine-dependent activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical axis.	Nicotine	247-255	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
24045421-5	2013	Compared with the behavioral responses in wild-type mice, the decreases in nicotine metabolism in the Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice led to prolonged nicotine-induced acute pharmacological effects, in that null mice showed enhanced nicotine hypothermia and antinociception.	Nicotine	143-151	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	102-107
24045421-6	2013	Furthermore, we found that the Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice developed a preference for nicotine in a conditioned place preference test, a commonly used test of nicotine"s rewarding effects, at a nicotine dose that was 4-fold lower than what was required by wild-type mice.	Nicotine	82-90	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	31-36
24045421-6	2013	Furthermore, we found that the Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice developed a preference for nicotine in a conditioned place preference test, a commonly used test of nicotine"s rewarding effects, at a nicotine dose that was 4-fold lower than what was required by wild-type mice.	Nicotine	155-163	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	31-36
24045421-6	2013	Furthermore, we found that the Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice developed a preference for nicotine in a conditioned place preference test, a commonly used test of nicotine"s rewarding effects, at a nicotine dose that was 4-fold lower than what was required by wild-type mice.	Nicotine	155-163	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	31-36
24045421-7	2013	Thus, CYP2A/2B-catalyzed nicotine clearance affects nicotine"s behavioral response as well as its acute pharmacological effects in mice.	Nicotine	25-33	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	6-13
24045421-7	2013	Thus, CYP2A/2B-catalyzed nicotine clearance affects nicotine"s behavioral response as well as its acute pharmacological effects in mice.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a	Mus musculus	6-13
24260284-2	2013	Using CYP2A6 genotype as a covariate, we find that a non-coding polymorphism in CYP2B6 previously associated with smoking cessation (rs8109525) is also significantly associated with nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	182-190	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
24223920-0	2013	Nicotine attenuates activation of tissue resident macrophages in the mouse stomach through the beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	95-100
24223920-14	2013	The data suggest that the beta2 subunit of the nAChR is critically involved in the nicotine-induced inhibition of these resident macrophages.	Nicotine	83-91	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	26-31
23379695-5	2013	These alterations were blocked by co-administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, rosiglitazone, implicating downregulation of this receptor in the nicotine effects.	Nicotine	183-191	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-107
22962286-8	2013	Acute exposure to nicotine (1 muM added to culture media) produced an 80% reduction in nAChR antibody binding to the alpha7 subunit (P &lt; 0.05, n = 9).	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
23279317-4	2013	RESULTS: Exposure to nicotine caused significant down-regulation in the expression of IL-10 (P = 0.046), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)alpha (P = 0.036), MCP-1 (P = 0.046), and GMCSF (P = 0.004) compared with the control untreated HUVECs.	Nicotine	21-29	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	86-91
22381398-0	2012	Nicotine modifies in vivo and in vitro rat hippocampal amyloid precursor protein processing in young but not old rats.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	55-80
24041919-4	2013	The availability of selective 5-HT2C agonists provides an opportunity to evaluate their potential as treatments for nicotine dependence or psychostimulant abuse, conditions for which there is significant medical need but only limited available treatment options.	Nicotine	116-124	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	30-36
23211429-0	2013	Effects upon in-vivo nicotine metabolism reveal functional variation in FMO3 associated with cigarette consumption.	Nicotine	21-29	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
23211429-3	2013	METHODS: A genetic model of CYP2A6 function is used as a covariate to reveal functional polymorphism in FMO3 that indirectly influences the ratio of deuterated nicotine metabolized to cotinine following oral administration.	Nicotine	160-168	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
23211429-3	2013	METHODS: A genetic model of CYP2A6 function is used as a covariate to reveal functional polymorphism in FMO3 that indirectly influences the ratio of deuterated nicotine metabolized to cotinine following oral administration.	Nicotine	160-168	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	104-108
23211429-4	2013	The association is tested between FMO3 haplotype and cigarette consumption in a set of nicotine-dependent smokers.	Nicotine	87-95	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	34-38
23211429-5	2013	RESULTS: FMO3 haplotype, based on all common coding variants in Europeans, significantly predicts nicotine metabolism and accounts for ~2% of variance in the apparent percent of nicotine metabolized to cotinine.	Nicotine	98-106	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	9-13
23211429-5	2013	RESULTS: FMO3 haplotype, based on all common coding variants in Europeans, significantly predicts nicotine metabolism and accounts for ~2% of variance in the apparent percent of nicotine metabolized to cotinine.	Nicotine	178-186	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	9-13
22381398-1	2012	Previous studies have shown that administration of nicotine modifies the expression and secretion of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in various cell lines.	Nicotine	51-59	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	101-126
23211429-7	2013	Cross-validation demonstrates calculated FMO3 haplotype parameters to be robust and significantly improve the predictive nicotine metabolism model over CYP2A6 genotype alone.	Nicotine	121-129	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	41-45
22381398-5	2012	Subsequent in vitro analysis demonstrated that nicotine enhanced the release of APPs from hippocampal slice preparations and that this increase was attenuated by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	192-224
23211429-7	2013	Cross-validation demonstrates calculated FMO3 haplotype parameters to be robust and significantly improve the predictive nicotine metabolism model over CYP2A6 genotype alone.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	152-158
23211429-8	2013	Functional classes of FMO3 haplotypes, as determined by their influence on nicotine metabolism to cotinine, are also significantly associated with cigarettes per day in nicotine-dependent European Americans (n=1025, P=0.04), and significantly interact (P=0.016) with CYP2A6 genotype to predict cigarettes per day.	Nicotine	75-83	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	22-26
23714690-1	2013	The formation of cotinine, the main proximate metabolite and a biomarker of nicotine exposure, is mediated primarily by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2A6.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	137-144
23211429-8	2013	Functional classes of FMO3 haplotypes, as determined by their influence on nicotine metabolism to cotinine, are also significantly associated with cigarettes per day in nicotine-dependent European Americans (n=1025, P=0.04), and significantly interact (P=0.016) with CYP2A6 genotype to predict cigarettes per day.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	267-273
22381398-5	2012	Subsequent in vitro analysis demonstrated that nicotine enhanced the release of APPs from hippocampal slice preparations and that this increase was attenuated by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	226-231
23211429-8	2013	Functional classes of FMO3 haplotypes, as determined by their influence on nicotine metabolism to cotinine, are also significantly associated with cigarettes per day in nicotine-dependent European Americans (n=1025, P=0.04), and significantly interact (P=0.016) with CYP2A6 genotype to predict cigarettes per day.	Nicotine	169-177	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	22-26
23624371-9	2013	On the other hand, in the animals that received pre-training WIN and pre-test systemic administration of nicotine (0.7mg/kg), but not ethanol (0.5g/kg), pre-test intra-MS microinjection of mecamylamine (1-5mug/mouse) inhibited WIN-nicotine state-dependent memory retrieval.	Nicotine	105-113	forkhead box M1	Mus musculus	227-230
23211429-8	2013	Functional classes of FMO3 haplotypes, as determined by their influence on nicotine metabolism to cotinine, are also significantly associated with cigarettes per day in nicotine-dependent European Americans (n=1025, P=0.04), and significantly interact (P=0.016) with CYP2A6 genotype to predict cigarettes per day.	Nicotine	169-177	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	267-273
22160797-8	2012	Moreover, CYP2A6 poor metabolizer genotypes were associated with slower nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	72-80	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
23211429-9	2013	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that common polymorphisms in FMO3 influence nicotine clearance and that these genetic variants in turn influence cigarette consumption.	Nicotine	79-87	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	64-68
23248277-3	2013	Because antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) reduced nicotine self-administration in rats and mice, mGluR5 is suggested to be involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	77-85	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	26-59
23248277-3	2013	Because antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) reduced nicotine self-administration in rats and mice, mGluR5 is suggested to be involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	162-170	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	26-59
23964239-3	2013	Prior reports have demonstrated that stress causes dynorphin release, activating kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in monoamine circuits resulting in both potentiation and reinstatement of cocaine and nicotine conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	196-204	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	81-103
23964239-3	2013	Prior reports have demonstrated that stress causes dynorphin release, activating kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in monoamine circuits resulting in both potentiation and reinstatement of cocaine and nicotine conditioned place preference.	Nicotine	196-204	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	105-108
23936477-10	2013	This study demonstrates that NMR is not altered by differences in the rate of 3HC glucuronidation, providing further support that NMR is a reliable indicator of CYP2A6 mediated nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	177-185	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	161-167
23199342-8	2013	Resveratrol and Ad-SIRT1 inhibited nicotine and LPS-mediated protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p38, ERK, JNK, MAPK and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation.	Nicotine	35-43	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	16-24
23518606-0	2013	A role for hypocretin/orexin receptor-1 in cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior.	Nicotine	72-80	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	11-39
23518606-3	2013	Pretreatment with the hypocretin receptor-1 antagonist SB334867, but not with the hypocretin receptor-2 antagonist TCSOX229, attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, which was associated with an activation of hypocretin neurons of the lateral and perifornical hypothalamic areas.	Nicotine	165-173	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	22-43
23518606-8	2013	These data identify hypocretin receptor-1 and PKC signaling as potential targets for the treatment of relapse to nicotine-seeking induced by nicotine-associated cues.	Nicotine	113-121	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	20-41
23518606-8	2013	These data identify hypocretin receptor-1 and PKC signaling as potential targets for the treatment of relapse to nicotine-seeking induced by nicotine-associated cues.	Nicotine	141-149	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	20-41
23401204-3	2013	Cortical injection of dihydro-beta-erythroidine reduced nicotine-induced P-ERK immunolabel, suggesting a role for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located in A1 and containing alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	56-64	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	188-193
23562942-6	2013	Chronic exposure to either nicotine or METH caused significant decreases in the expression of fosb, fra1, and fra2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but not in the dorsal striatum whereas the drug combination increased fra2 expression in both structures.	Nicotine	27-35	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
23002101-1	2013	Recently, we have suggested that down-regulation of homeostatic mesenchymal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling after in utero nicotine exposure might contribute to asthma.	Nicotine	150-158	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	76-124
22945906-8	2013	Induction of HO-1 by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist (GW0742) prevented the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	111-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	21-69
23562942-6	2013	Chronic exposure to either nicotine or METH caused significant decreases in the expression of fosb, fra1, and fra2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but not in the dorsal striatum whereas the drug combination increased fra2 expression in both structures.	Nicotine	27-35	FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
22309446-0	2012	Nicotine normalizes event related potentials in COMT-Val-tg mice and increases gamma and theta spectral density.	Nicotine	0-8	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	48-52
23562942-6	2013	Chronic exposure to either nicotine or METH caused significant decreases in the expression of fosb, fra1, and fra2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but not in the dorsal striatum whereas the drug combination increased fra2 expression in both structures.	Nicotine	27-35	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
23562942-6	2013	Chronic exposure to either nicotine or METH caused significant decreases in the expression of fosb, fra1, and fra2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but not in the dorsal striatum whereas the drug combination increased fra2 expression in both structures.	Nicotine	27-35	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	216-220
23579386-4	2013	Our results showed that a single injection of nicotine (0.035 and 0.175 mg/kg) shortened TL2 values, improving memory-related processes.	Nicotine	46-54	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10	Mus musculus	89-92
22309446-11	2012	Nicotine restored normal event-related activity among COMT-Val-tg mice, suggesting one mechanism through which nicotine may normalize cognitive function among people with the high-activity allele.	Nicotine	0-8	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	54-58
22773025-8	2013	However, co-administration of 0.1 mg/kg nicotine and MEC increased errors and reduced the effects of nicotine in WT mice, but not in ApoE-KO mice.	Nicotine	101-109	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28	Mus musculus	53-56
22309446-11	2012	Nicotine restored normal event-related activity among COMT-Val-tg mice, suggesting one mechanism through which nicotine may normalize cognitive function among people with the high-activity allele.	Nicotine	111-119	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	54-58
22773025-11	2013	Moreover, a reversal of nicotinic effects with MEC was seen in WT mice, indicating the likelihood of the involvement of nAChRs in the spatial-memory response to nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28	Mus musculus	47-50
22285742-4	2012	If a relationship between altered learning and nAChR levels exists, changes in nAChR levels after cessation of nicotine treatment should match the duration of learning deficits.	Nicotine	111-119	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	0-4
23671067-10	2013	These results indicate that up-regulated GluN2A, GluN2B, and rapid synaptic potentiation in the accumbens contribute to cue-induced relapse to nicotine use.	Nicotine	143-151	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
22008662-8	2012	Overall, the results confirm the involvement of the CHRNA5 gene in the amount of nicotine use and further suggest involvement of the BDNF gene in smoking behavior.	Nicotine	81-89	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	133-137
23553665-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether nicotine dependence affects these endophenotypes in Japanese schizophrenia patients and whether alpha4 and beta2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes (alpha4 subunit of the nAChR gene (CHRNA4)/beta2 subunit of the nAChR gene (CHRNB2)) were associated with nicotine dependence in patients (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 107).	Nicotine	315-323	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	210-216
23512588-16	2013	CONCLUSION: Cotinine, a main metabolite of nicotine, has harmful effects on SCI via GFAP and CNP expression.	Nicotine	43-51	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
22108052-6	2012	Nicotine induction of hHSC proliferation, upregulation of collagen1-alpha2 and the pro-fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) was determined along with involved intracellular signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	134-140
22056221-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine-induced contraction of the rat basilar artery involved the CNS nAChR subfamily, skeletal muscle nAChR subfamily, and L-type Ca(2+) channel pathways.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
22056221-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine-induced contraction of the rat basilar artery involved the CNS nAChR subfamily, skeletal muscle nAChR subfamily, and L-type Ca(2+) channel pathways.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
23586521-12	2013	Acute nicotine (30 min exposure) was sufficient to upregulate FRET between alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	6-14	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
22425227-8	2012	These data suggest the effect of nicotine on altering DC immunogenicity by impeding Th1 immunity is partially mediated by upregulation of PPAR gamma.	Nicotine	33-41	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	84-87
23554501-6	2013	Accordingly, in vivo production of endogenous PPARalpha ligands, triggered by alpha7-nAChR activation, blocks in rats nicotine-induced increased firing activity of dopamine neurons and displays antidepressant-like properties.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
22329817-7	2012	Notably, the sensitivity of oxytocinergic neurons to nicotine was found to be different in the PVN and SON, because only about 55% of the SON oxytocinergic neurons co-stored Fos even after the highest dose of nicotine.	Nicotine	53-61	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
23350800-2	2013	Human genetics studies have provided support that variation in the gene that codes for the alpha4 subunit influences nicotine dependence (ND), but the evidence for the involvement of the beta2 subunit gene is less convincing.	Nicotine	117-125	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	91-97
23443505-8	2013	Compared with mono-culture systems, stimulation with nicotine caused an increased secretion of IL-1beta in serum of human PDL cell-CD4(+) T cell co-culture, and the expression of RANKL in human PDL cells was further upregulated co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, while no differences were observed in the expression of OPG between the co-culture and mono-culture systems.	Nicotine	53-61	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	179-184
23443505-9	2013	Our data suggested that nicotine upregulated IL-1beta secretion, further upregulated RANKL expression in smoking-associated periodontitis, which may aid in the better understanding of the relationship between nicotine and alveolar bone resorption.	Nicotine	24-32	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	85-90
22949846-7	2012	The simulations also account for previous macroscopic and single-channel observations that pharmacological chaperoning by nicotine and cytisine increase the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) populations, respectively.	Nicotine	122-130	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-164
23443505-9	2013	Our data suggested that nicotine upregulated IL-1beta secretion, further upregulated RANKL expression in smoking-associated periodontitis, which may aid in the better understanding of the relationship between nicotine and alveolar bone resorption.	Nicotine	209-217	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	85-90
22949846-7	2012	The simulations also account for previous macroscopic and single-channel observations that pharmacological chaperoning by nicotine and cytisine increase the (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) populations, respectively.	Nicotine	122-130	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	184-190
23285275-1	2012	Several recent studies have supported the hypothesis that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophic factor family, might be associated with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	169-177	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	58-91
23331098-0	2013	nAChR-induced octopamine release mediates the effect of nicotine on a startle response in Drosophila melanogaster.	Nicotine	56-64	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor beta1	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
23331098-5	2013	Using this preparation we show that nAChR agonists including nicotine induce a fast, transient, dose-dependent efflux of endogenous BAs, an effect mediated by alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nAChRs.	Nicotine	61-69	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor beta1	Drosophila melanogaster	36-41
23285275-1	2012	Several recent studies have supported the hypothesis that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophic factor family, might be associated with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	169-177	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	93-97
23285275-2	2012	Association studies have also suggested that the BDNF gene might play a role in the susceptibility to nicotine dependence but results appear contradictory.	Nicotine	102-110	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	49-53
23373725-9	2013	Nicotine treatment led to declines in the striatal dopamine transporter, alpha6beta2* nAChRs and various components of alpha6beta2* and alpha4beta2* nAChR-mediated release.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
23056257-7	2012	Both effects of nicotine were significantly prevented by the heteromeric alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype antagonists dihydro-beta-erythroidine and 4-(5-ethoxy-3-pyridinyl)-N-methyl-(3E)-3-buten-1-amine, but not by the homomeric alpha7 nAChR subtype antagonist methyllycaconitine, in murine progenitors.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
22049069-7	2011	Nicotine primed the response to cocaine by enhancing its ability to induce transcriptional activation of the FosB gene through inhibition of histone deacetylase, which caused global histone acetylation in the striatum.	Nicotine	0-8	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	109-113
23125003-0	2013	Nicotine reduced MMP-9 expression in the primary porcine tenocytes exposed to cyclic stretch.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	17-22
23125003-7	2013	Tenocytes exposed to nicotine represented significantly decreased gene expressions in MMP-9 (p &lt; 0.001) and TIMP-3 (p &lt; 0.05) under the cyclic stretch.	Nicotine	21-29	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	86-91
23125003-7	2013	Tenocytes exposed to nicotine represented significantly decreased gene expressions in MMP-9 (p &lt; 0.001) and TIMP-3 (p &lt; 0.05) under the cyclic stretch.	Nicotine	21-29	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	111-117
22049069-8	2011	We tested this conclusion further and found that a histone deacetylase inhibitor simulated the actions of nicotine by priming the response to cocaine and enhancing FosB gene expression and LTP depression in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	106-114	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	164-168
23125003-8	2013	Enzymatic activity of MMP-9 was also reduced by nicotine exposure in a dose-dependent manner (p &lt; 0.001).	Nicotine	48-56	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	22-27
21777225-11	2011	Consistently, antenatal nicotine exposure significantly enhanced the protein expression of NADPH oxidase Nox2/gp91, but not Nox4 in the aorta.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
22526543-0	2013	Effects of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist, norbinaltorphimine, on stress and drug-induced reinstatement of nicotine-conditioned place preference in mice.	Nicotine	113-121	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	15-36
22526543-3	2013	OBJECTIVES: In the current study, we determined whether the selective KOR antagonist, norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI), would block stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine preference.	Nicotine	160-168	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	70-73
21777225-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The present findings suggest that antenatal nicotine exposure results in the programming of heightened oxidative stress and vascular hypertensive reactivity via a Nox2-dependent mechanism, leading to an increased risk of hypertension in adult offspring.	Nicotine	74-82	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
23486955-7	2013	Throughout the PFC, nicotine strongly desensitized responses to ACh in neurons expressing beta2* nAChRs, whereas ACh responses mediated by alpha7 nAChRs were not hampered.	Nicotine	20-28	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	90-95
21453245-11	2011	The effects of Abeta and the combination of stress and Abeta were totally prevented by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	95-103	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
23292114-1	2013	A synonymous variant in the first exon of CYP2A6, rs1137115 (51G&gt;A), defines the common reference allele CYP2A6*1A, and is associated with lower mRNA expression and slower in-vivo nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	183-191	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	42-48
23313759-0	2013	Beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II and synapsin I protein levels in the nucleus accumbens after nicotine withdrawal in mice.	Nicotine	167-175	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
23313759-6	2013	Results show that phosphorylated and total CaMKII and synapsin I protein levels were significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens after chronic nicotine infusion, and reduced after treatment with DHbetaE, but not MLA.	Nicotine	148-156	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	43-49
23313759-7	2013	A spontaneous nicotine withdrawal assessment also revealed significant reductions in phosphorylated CaMKII and synapsin I levels 24h after cessation of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	14-22	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	100-106
23313759-7	2013	A spontaneous nicotine withdrawal assessment also revealed significant reductions in phosphorylated CaMKII and synapsin I levels 24h after cessation of nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	152-160	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	100-106
23313759-8	2013	Our findings suggest that post-receptor calcium-dependent mechanisms associated with nicotine withdrawal are mediated through beta2-containing nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	85-93	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	126-131
21453245-11	2011	The effects of Abeta and the combination of stress and Abeta were totally prevented by chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	95-103	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
21453245-14	2011	The changes in synaptic plasticity-related molecules may explain the effects of stress and/or chronic nicotine on L-LTP in Abeta animals.	Nicotine	102-110	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
21825094-5	2011	This finding may be of pharmacological relevance, because hCNT1 is known to interact with anticancer nucleoside-derived drugs and other molecules, such as nicotine and caffeine, for which a great variety of harmful effects on placental and fetal development, including intrauterine growth retardation, have been reported.	Nicotine	155-163	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
23192660-9	2013	The content of the endocannabinoids N-arachidonylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, as well as the expression of cannabinoid receptor CB1 were up-regulated in brain tissues after nicotine delivery.	Nicotine	185-193	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
23221678-0	2013	Alteration of the alkaloid profile in genetically modified tobacco reveals a role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in nicotine N-demethylation.	Nicotine	124-132	probable methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Nicotiana tabacum	85-120
23221678-4	2013	Here, we demonstrate that manipulating tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) MTHFR gene (NtMTHFR1) expression dramatically alters the alkaloid profile in transgenic tobacco plants by negatively regulating the expression of a secondary metabolic pathway nicotine N-demethylase gene, CYP82E4.	Nicotine	243-251	probable methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Nicotiana tabacum	67-72
23737837-3	2013	Embryos exposed to nicotine (1 mM) exhibited severe morphological anomalies and apoptotic cell death, as well as increased levels of TNF- alpha , IL-1 beta , and caspase 3 mRNAs, and lipid peroxidation.	Nicotine	19-27	caspase 3	Mus musculus	162-171
23201341-5	2013	In contrast, when untransfected SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to nicotine, the levels of both alpha3 nAChR mRNA and protein were enhanced; while the levels of BACE1 mRNA and protein were diminished and the corresponding levels of BACE2 enhanced; and the level of Abeta in the culture medium was attenuated.	Nicotine	62-70	beta-secretase 2	Homo sapiens	227-232
21742048-2	2011	In the present study, we demonstrated that nNOS expression enhances the nicotine-triggered activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in nNOS-transfected PC12 (NPC12) cells.	Nicotine	72-80	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
21742048-2	2011	In the present study, we demonstrated that nNOS expression enhances the nicotine-triggered activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in nNOS-transfected PC12 (NPC12) cells.	Nicotine	72-80	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
22982626-5	2012	We hypothesized that chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure differentially regulates the expression of these co-transporters and BDNF in males and females.	Nicotine	38-46	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
21742048-8	2011	Taken together, these findings suggest that nicotine modulates NO-dependent redox condition; the resulting calcium influx, would increase ERK1/2 phosphorylation in nNOS expressing cells.	Nicotine	44-52	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
21722663-0	2011	Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant disrupts nicotine reward-associated memory in rats.	Nicotine	56-64	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
23430396-2	2012	It is also a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker and can antagonize nicotine-induced increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	87-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	19-51
23430396-2	2012	It is also a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker and can antagonize nicotine-induced increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.	Nicotine	87-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
21597011-9	2011	In addition, nicotine treatment resulted in decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-14, natriuretic peptide precursor B, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and osteopontin, proteins that are commonly involved in heart failure.	Nicotine	13-21	matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted)	Mus musculus	68-128
21511693-10	2011	This mechanism might exist in vivo as phosphorylation of JNK and its downstream target c-jun, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor, is elevated in the ischemic kidneys exposed to chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	195-203	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
22571166-2	2012	The aim of this study was to explore the effects, as well as the signaling pathway, of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of HIF-1alpha and on the production of its target genes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ), MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PDLCs.	Nicotine	87-95	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	283-288
22959963-0	2012	Nicotine-induced anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of the novelty-seeking phenotype is associated with long-lasting neuropeptidergic and neuroplastic adaptations in the amygdala: effects of the cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist AM251.	Nicotine	0-8	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-219
22959963-4	2012	Moreover, these behavioral effects of nicotine are accompanied by a persistent imbalance between neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin releasing factor systems, and a persistent increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and spinophilin mRNA levels in the amygdala.	Nicotine	38-46	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	186-219
22959963-4	2012	Moreover, these behavioral effects of nicotine are accompanied by a persistent imbalance between neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin releasing factor systems, and a persistent increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and spinophilin mRNA levels in the amygdala.	Nicotine	38-46	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	221-225
23123803-0	2013	Mice expressing the ADNFLE valine 287 leucine mutation of the Beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit display increased sensitivity to acute nicotine administration and altered presynaptic nicotinic receptor function.	Nicotine	148-156	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	62-67
21597399-0	2011	The contribution of common CYP2A6 alleles to variation in nicotine metabolism among European-Americans.	Nicotine	58-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
21808284-5	2012	While the role of CNR1 in substance abuse has been well studied, we report EPB41 for the first time in the nicotine literature.	Nicotine	107-115	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1	Homo sapiens	75-80
23233221-4	2012	L-theanine treatment also reduced the upregulation of the alpha(4), beta(2) and alpha(7) nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits induced by nicotine in mouse brain regions that related to the dopamine reward pathway, thus decreasing the number of cells that could react to nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	68-120
21597399-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To study the association between cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotype and metabolism of nicotine to cotinine, identify functional polymorphisms, and develop a predictive genetic model of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	44-63
21597399-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To study the association between cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotype and metabolism of nicotine to cotinine, identify functional polymorphisms, and develop a predictive genetic model of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
21597399-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To study the association between cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotype and metabolism of nicotine to cotinine, identify functional polymorphisms, and develop a predictive genetic model of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	199-207	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	44-63
21597399-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To study the association between cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotype and metabolism of nicotine to cotinine, identify functional polymorphisms, and develop a predictive genetic model of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	199-207	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
21597399-8	2011	CONCLUSION: Among European-Americans, seven polymorphisms in the CYP2A6 gene explain the majority of variability in the metabolism of nicotine to cotinine after oral administration.	Nicotine	134-142	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
23091164-7	2012	Chronic nicotine exposure promotes alpha7nAChR-NMDAR complex formation.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
21597399-9	2011	Parameters determined from this in-vivo experiment can be used to predict nicotine metabolism based on CYP2A6 genotype.	Nicotine	74-82	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	103-109
21295078-2	2011	Several lines of evidence have shown that cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-fos have pivotal role in CPP induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	222-230	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
23091164-8	2012	Interestingly, administration of an interfering peptide that disrupts the alpha7nAChR-NMDAR complex decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and blocked cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rat models of relapse, without affecting nicotine self-administration or locomotor activity.	Nicotine	204-212	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
23091164-8	2012	Interestingly, administration of an interfering peptide that disrupts the alpha7nAChR-NMDAR complex decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and blocked cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rat models of relapse, without affecting nicotine self-administration or locomotor activity.	Nicotine	265-273	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
21216262-1	2011	Previous studies have shown that the prior administration of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (MGluR5) receptor antagonists inhibit responding for nicotine in an intravenous self-administration experiment.	Nicotine	148-156	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	61-94
21216262-1	2011	Previous studies have shown that the prior administration of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (MGluR5) receptor antagonists inhibit responding for nicotine in an intravenous self-administration experiment.	Nicotine	148-156	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	96-102
21368748-3	2011	We have recently shown in mice that repeated injections of nicotine, which achieve plasma concentrations comparable to those reported in high cigarette smokers, result in an epigenetically induced increase of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD(67)) expression.	Nicotine	59-67	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	241-248
21315807-0	2011	The moderating role of the dopamine transporter 1 gene on P50 sensory gating and its modulation by nicotine.	Nicotine	99-107	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	27-49
21316381-10	2011	Organ culture with WSS or DSS (25ng nicotine/ml) lowered the 5-HT(1B) receptor-mediated contraction.	Nicotine	36-44	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	61-68
21277949-6	2011	The results show that acute nicotine injection induces Fos expression in 5-HT neurons in a region-specific manner.	Nicotine	28-36	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
21125398-10	2011	Furthermore, nicotine increased c-Fos expression in the CeA, but not the medial or basolateral amygdaloid nucleus.	Nicotine	13-21	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
21125398-12	2011	CONCLUSION: Nicotine-induced attenuation of CPA precipitated by naloxone is mediated by the alpha7 nAChR subtype, and the CeA is one of the regions of the brain involved in the effect of nicotine on acutely opiate-dependent subjects.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
21252231-2	2011	The predominant nAChR subtype in the mammalian brain with a high affinity for nicotine is composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	78-86	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	102-108
21149643-4	2011	The polymorphic CYP2A6 has a role in nicotine metabolism and smoking behavior.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
21212384-11	2011	Nicotine treatment induced a statistically significant increased expression of E2F-regulated genes in A549-EV but not in A549-sh cells; the maximum difference being observed in BIRC5 (A549-EV vs A549-sh, mean fold-increase in mRNA level upon nicotine treatment = 20.7-fold, 95% confidence interval = 19.2- to 22.2-fold, vs mean = 0.8-fold, 95% confidence interval= 0.78- to 0.82-fold, P &lt; .001).	Nicotine	0-8	baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5	Homo sapiens	177-182
20950334-7	2010	In situ perfusion and in vitro experiments using a classical P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 linked the effect of nicotine to inhibition of BBB P-gp transport.	Nicotine	111-119	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
20950334-7	2010	In situ perfusion and in vitro experiments using a classical P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 linked the effect of nicotine to inhibition of BBB P-gp transport.	Nicotine	111-119	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
20843956-0	2010	Stimulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by nicotine increases suppressive capacity of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice in vitro.	Nicotine	58-66	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	121-124
20843956-4	2010	We found that CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs from naive C57BL/6J mice positively expressed alpha7 nAChR, and its activation by nicotine enhanced the suppressive capacity of Tregs.	Nicotine	116-124	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	14-17
20843956-5	2010	Nicotine stimulation up-regulated the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) on Tregs but had no effect on the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 by Tregs.	Nicotine	0-8	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	Mus musculus	52-102
20843956-6	2010	In the supernatants of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs/CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell cocultures, we observed a decrease in the concentration of IL-2 in nicotine-stimulated groups, but nicotine stimulation had no effect on the ratio of IL-4/interferon (IFN)-gamma, which partially represented T-cell polarization.	Nicotine	131-139	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	23-26
20843956-6	2010	In the supernatants of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs/CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell cocultures, we observed a decrease in the concentration of IL-2 in nicotine-stimulated groups, but nicotine stimulation had no effect on the ratio of IL-4/interferon (IFN)-gamma, which partially represented T-cell polarization.	Nicotine	131-139	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	43-46
20843956-6	2010	In the supernatants of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs/CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell cocultures, we observed a decrease in the concentration of IL-2 in nicotine-stimulated groups, but nicotine stimulation had no effect on the ratio of IL-4/interferon (IFN)-gamma, which partially represented T-cell polarization.	Nicotine	163-171	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	23-26
20843956-6	2010	In the supernatants of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs/CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell cocultures, we observed a decrease in the concentration of IL-2 in nicotine-stimulated groups, but nicotine stimulation had no effect on the ratio of IL-4/interferon (IFN)-gamma, which partially represented T-cell polarization.	Nicotine	163-171	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	43-46
20708056-6	2010	The reinforcing and discriminative stimulus (DS) properties of sazetidine-A, varenicline and nicotine were attenuated by acute pretreatment with the non-selective neuronal non-competitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine or the alpha4* nAChR-selective antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not by the alpha7 nAChR subtype antagonist methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	188-193
20708056-6	2010	The reinforcing and discriminative stimulus (DS) properties of sazetidine-A, varenicline and nicotine were attenuated by acute pretreatment with the non-selective neuronal non-competitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine or the alpha4* nAChR-selective antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not by the alpha7 nAChR subtype antagonist methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	233-238
20708056-6	2010	The reinforcing and discriminative stimulus (DS) properties of sazetidine-A, varenicline and nicotine were attenuated by acute pretreatment with the non-selective neuronal non-competitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine or the alpha4* nAChR-selective antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not by the alpha7 nAChR subtype antagonist methyllycaconitine.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	233-238
20697697-6	2010	RESULTS: In all the experiments, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine (3 mg/kg) elevated the brain reward thresholds of the nicotine-treated rats and did not affect those of the control rats.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-69
20837109-0	2010	Nicotine-induced up regulation of alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors is mediated by the protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of alpha4 subunits.	Nicotine	0-8	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
20837109-2	2010	Using a pharmacological approach to investigate the effects of nicotine on receptor subunit expression and phosphorylation in SH-EP1 cells expressing human alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits, we have demonstrated that incubation with nicotine for 24 h increased the expression of immature and mature forms of both alpha4 and beta2 subunits in a concentration-dependent manner, and that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibited the nicotine-induced increased expression of subunits.	Nicotine	63-71	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	156-162
20837109-2	2010	Using a pharmacological approach to investigate the effects of nicotine on receptor subunit expression and phosphorylation in SH-EP1 cells expressing human alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits, we have demonstrated that incubation with nicotine for 24 h increased the expression of immature and mature forms of both alpha4 and beta2 subunits in a concentration-dependent manner, and that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibited the nicotine-induced increased expression of subunits.	Nicotine	244-252	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	156-162
20837109-2	2010	Using a pharmacological approach to investigate the effects of nicotine on receptor subunit expression and phosphorylation in SH-EP1 cells expressing human alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits, we have demonstrated that incubation with nicotine for 24 h increased the expression of immature and mature forms of both alpha4 and beta2 subunits in a concentration-dependent manner, and that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibited the nicotine-induced increased expression of subunits.	Nicotine	244-252	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	324-330
20837109-3	2010	Incubation of cells with nicotine for 24 h also increased the phosphorylation of immature forms of alpha4 subunits similar to that induced by activation of either PKC or PKA.	Nicotine	25-33	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
20837109-5	2010	The phosphopeptide maps for immature alpha4 subunits following nicotine exposure or PKC activation were identical, and phosphoamino acid analyses indicated phosphorylation on serine residues only.	Nicotine	63-71	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
20837109-6	2010	Results indicate that nicotine-induced up regulation of alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors involves a PKC-dependent mechanism and likely reflects the ability of nicotine to activate PKC, leading to the phosphorylation of immature alpha4 subunits, promoting subunit assembly and receptor maturation.	Nicotine	22-30	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
20837109-6	2010	Results indicate that nicotine-induced up regulation of alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors involves a PKC-dependent mechanism and likely reflects the ability of nicotine to activate PKC, leading to the phosphorylation of immature alpha4 subunits, promoting subunit assembly and receptor maturation.	Nicotine	167-175	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
20624465-8	2010	Chronic nicotine treatment completely prevented Abeta- and stress/Abeta combination-induced memory impairment.	Nicotine	8-16	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
20624465-8	2010	Chronic nicotine treatment completely prevented Abeta- and stress/Abeta combination-induced memory impairment.	Nicotine	8-16	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
20943922-5	2010	In either nAChR alpha7 or beta2 subunit knock-out mice, systemic exposure to nicotine still increases the AMPA/NMDA ratio.	Nicotine	77-85	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	26-31
20943922-9	2010	Collectively, these findings demonstrate that systemic nicotine acting via either alpha7- or beta2*-nAChRs increases presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamatergic function, and consequently initiates glutamatergic synaptic plasticity, which may be an important, early neuronal adaptation in nicotine reward and reinforcement.	Nicotine	55-63	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	93-98
20943922-9	2010	Collectively, these findings demonstrate that systemic nicotine acting via either alpha7- or beta2*-nAChRs increases presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamatergic function, and consequently initiates glutamatergic synaptic plasticity, which may be an important, early neuronal adaptation in nicotine reward and reinforcement.	Nicotine	288-296	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	93-98
20331563-10	2010	Additionally, the role of CB1 receptors in nicotine-motivated behaviours was extended to those controlled under a second-order schedule.	Nicotine	43-51	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
20331564-0	2010	A second-order schedule of food reinforcement in rats to examine the role of CB1 receptors in the reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	133-141	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
20331564-2	2010	Although endogenous cannabinoids acting on CB1 receptors have been implicated in the motivational effects of nicotine, their role in the "reinforcement-enhancing" properties of nicotine is unknown.	Nicotine	109-117	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
20331564-10	2010	These data support and extend the hypothesis that nicotine can enhance the motivational value of reinforcing stimuli and suggest the increases in responding produced by nicotine involve CB1 receptors.	Nicotine	169-177	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
20705948-4	2010	We found that eNOS-and nNOS-dependent, but not NOS-independent, vasodilation was impaired in nicotine-treated compared with control rats.	Nicotine	93-101	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
20705948-6	2010	Further, although ExT did not significantly affect eNOS- or nNOS-dependent vasodilation in control rats, ExT restored impaired eNOS- and nNOS-dependent responses in nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	165-173	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
20722969-0	2010	Chronic exposure to nicotine and saquinavir decreases endothelial Notch-4 expression and disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity.	Nicotine	20-28	notch receptor 4	Homo sapiens	66-73
20722969-6	2010	The data herein show: (i) nicotine and protease inhibitors cause an additive oxidative stress burden in endothelium; (ii) that the integrity of the BBB is disrupted after concurrent chronic nicotine and protease inhibitor administration; and (iii) that BBB endothelial dysfunction is correlated with a decrease in Notch-4 and ZO-1 expression.	Nicotine	26-34	notch receptor 4	Homo sapiens	314-321
20722969-6	2010	The data herein show: (i) nicotine and protease inhibitors cause an additive oxidative stress burden in endothelium; (ii) that the integrity of the BBB is disrupted after concurrent chronic nicotine and protease inhibitor administration; and (iii) that BBB endothelial dysfunction is correlated with a decrease in Notch-4 and ZO-1 expression.	Nicotine	190-198	notch receptor 4	Homo sapiens	314-321
20661552-10	2010	CONCLUSION: The fewer positive symptoms in smokers and fewer negative symptoms in those who smoked more cigarettes may be associated with nicotine-induced upregulation of BDNF.	Nicotine	138-146	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	171-175
20673759-2	2010	We have shown that nicotine ameliorated disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) via the alpha(7) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Wistar rats.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
20420849-2	2010	This study used schedule-controlled responding and isobolographic analyses to examine interactions between the micro opioid receptor agonist morphine and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine as well as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist nicotine.	Nicotine	271-279	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	230-262
20663304-16	2010	But DAD score, IL-8 concentration, ICAM-1 concentration in HVT+nicotine group were significantly lower than those in HVT group (P&lt;0.05 or P&lt;0.01).	Nicotine	63-71	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
20232057-2	2010	Specifically, recent findings suggest that the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) may play a role in aspects of nicotine dependence, which contribute to relapse and continued tobacco smoking.	Nicotine	105-113	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	47-68
20232057-2	2010	Specifically, recent findings suggest that the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) may play a role in aspects of nicotine dependence, which contribute to relapse and continued tobacco smoking.	Nicotine	105-113	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	70-73
20232057-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the involvement of the KOR in the initial behavioral responses of nicotine, nicotine reward, and nicotine withdrawal using the highly selective KOR antagonist JDTic.	Nicotine	121-129	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	78-81
20232057-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the involvement of the KOR in the initial behavioral responses of nicotine, nicotine reward, and nicotine withdrawal using the highly selective KOR antagonist JDTic.	Nicotine	131-139	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	78-81
20232057-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the involvement of the KOR in the initial behavioral responses of nicotine, nicotine reward, and nicotine withdrawal using the highly selective KOR antagonist JDTic.	Nicotine	131-139	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	78-81
20232057-7	2010	In contrast, JDTic and the KOR antagonist norBNI attenuated the expression of both the physical (somatic signs and hyperalgesia) and affective (anxiety-related behavior and conditioned place aversion) nicotine withdrawal signs.	Nicotine	201-209	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	27-30
20232057-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings clearly show that the KOR is involved in mediating the withdrawal aspects of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	103-111	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	48-51
20448088-8	2010	Expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in nicotine-treated RPE cells was decreased.	Nicotine	31-39	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	14-18
20307138-7	2010	A weak correlation between CYP2B6 and nicotine C-oxidation activity was observed, which was abrogated when controlling for CYP2A6 protein levels.	Nicotine	38-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	123-129
20162355-0	2010	HUVEC ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 synthesis in response to potentially athero-prone and athero-protective mechanical and nicotine chemical stimuli.	Nicotine	111-119	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	6-12
20162355-14	2010	In third bioreactor test case, a nicotine chemical stimulus induced a substantial VCAM-1 up-regulation and a moderate ICAM-1 up-regulation.	Nicotine	33-41	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	118-124
20236223-2	2010	We have previously shown that acute systemic nicotine treatment induces Fos expression in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area (LH/PFA), with orexin/hypocretin neurons being particularly responsive.	Nicotine	45-53	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
20236223-8	2010	Lesioned animals showed reduced Fos-positive orexin neurons following nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	70-78	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
19889792-6	2010	Furthermore, long-term 1-week administration of nicotine increased water content in hippocampal slices that could be attenuated with nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, suggesting nicotine increase edema during OGD via nAChRs.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-164
19889792-6	2010	Furthermore, long-term 1-week administration of nicotine increased water content in hippocampal slices that could be attenuated with nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, suggesting nicotine increase edema during OGD via nAChRs.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
19889792-6	2010	Furthermore, long-term 1-week administration of nicotine increased water content in hippocampal slices that could be attenuated with nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, suggesting nicotine increase edema during OGD via nAChRs.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
19772864-0	2010	Effect of administration of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist BTMPS, during nicotine self-administration, on lever responding induced by context long after withdrawal.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	32-64
20113502-0	2010	Nicotine enhances murine airway contractile responses to kinin receptor agonists via activation of JNK- and PDE4-related intracellular pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	99-102
20113502-12	2010	Confocal-microscopy-based immunohistochemistry showed that 4 days of nicotine treatment induced activation (phosphorylation) of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38.	Nicotine	69-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	128-151
20113502-12	2010	Confocal-microscopy-based immunohistochemistry showed that 4 days of nicotine treatment induced activation (phosphorylation) of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38.	Nicotine	69-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	153-156
20113502-13	2010	Inhibition of JNK with its specific inhibitor SP600125 abolished the nicotine-induced effects on kinin receptor-mediated contractions and reverted the enhanced receptor mRNA expression.	Nicotine	69-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	14-17
20164553-8	2010	In our cross-sectional study, use of oral snuff also yielded statistically significantly increased serum TTR concentrations and nicotine has been associated with decreased risk for AD and to upregulate the TTR gene in choroid plexus but not in the liver, another source of serum TTR.	Nicotine	128-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	206-209
20164553-8	2010	In our cross-sectional study, use of oral snuff also yielded statistically significantly increased serum TTR concentrations and nicotine has been associated with decreased risk for AD and to upregulate the TTR gene in choroid plexus but not in the liver, another source of serum TTR.	Nicotine	128-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	206-209
19602125-4	2009	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Differences in the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL mRNAs, in response to exposure to various concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mm) were evaluated in U2OS cells using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.In addition, the levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL proteins were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Nicotine	154-162	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	88-93
19602125-6	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine was found to increase the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-8 and RANKL mRNA and protein in U2OS cells (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	9-17	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	91-96
19602125-8	2009	The secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 occurred in a dose-dependent manner that was dependent on the concentration of nicotine (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	112-120	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	27-32
19760281-8	2009	The reinforcement enhancing effect of nicotine, but not bupropion, was blocked by pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	104-136
21784037-0	2009	The influence of CYP2A6 polymorphisms and cadmium on nicotine metabolism in Thai population.	Nicotine	53-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	17-23
21784037-1	2009	We investigated the influence of genetic, cadmium exposure and smoking status, on cytochrome P450-mediated nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6) in 182 Thai subjects after receiving 2mg of nicotine gum chewing for 30min.	Nicotine	107-115	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	128-134
19732285-8	2009	Antagonists alone or in combination with nicotine suppressed CRELD2 message while increasing alpha4beta2 binding.	Nicotine	41-49	cysteine rich with EGF like domains 2	Homo sapiens	61-67
19631612-6	2009	The current study determined if a recently discovered novel nAChR antagonist, N,N"-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB), inhibits nicotine-evoked NE release from superfused rat hippocampal slices.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
19631612-10	2009	For comparison, the nonselective nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, and the alpha7 antagonist, methyllycaconitine, also inhibited nicotine-evoked [(3)H]NE release (IC(50)=31 and 275 nM, respectively; I(max)=91% and 72%, respectively).	Nicotine	127-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
19435931-10	2009	Taken together, these data suggest that the nicotine-induced increase in CaMKII activity may correlate with the nicotine-induced increase in pSynapsin I and pCREB in the VTA and NAc via beta2 subunit-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	44-52	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	186-191
19435931-10	2009	Taken together, these data suggest that the nicotine-induced increase in CaMKII activity may correlate with the nicotine-induced increase in pSynapsin I and pCREB in the VTA and NAc via beta2 subunit-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	112-120	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	186-191
19656028-0	2009	Effects of nicotine on antioxidant defense enzymes and RANKL expression in human periodontal ligament cells.	Nicotine	11-19	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	55-60
19656028-4	2009	RESULTS: Nicotine treatment concomitantly downregulated the expression of OPG and osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, and upregulated the expression of RANKL.	Nicotine	9-17	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	214-219
19656028-7	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine upregulated RANKL and antioxidant defense enzymes.	Nicotine	13-21	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	34-39
19217073-2	2009	Previous research has shown that blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors with a nonspecific CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine-seeking in rats.	Nicotine	203-211	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
19217073-2	2009	Previous research has shown that blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors with a nonspecific CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine-seeking in rats.	Nicotine	203-211	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
19217073-2	2009	Previous research has shown that blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors with a nonspecific CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine-seeking in rats.	Nicotine	272-280	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
19217073-3	2009	The aim of these studies was to investigate the role of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	149-157	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
19217073-3	2009	The aim of these studies was to investigate the role of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	149-157	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
19217073-3	2009	The aim of these studies was to investigate the role of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	205-213	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
19217073-3	2009	The aim of these studies was to investigate the role of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.	Nicotine	205-213	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
19217073-8	2009	The CRF1 receptor antagonist R278995/CRA0450 but not the CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin-2B prevented the elevations in brain reward thresholds associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	176-184	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
19542466-5	2009	Administration of nicotine, a pharmacologic agonist of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, significantly reduces levels of CD11b, a beta(2)-integrin involved in cell adhesion and leukocyte chemotaxis, on the surface of neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner and this function requires the spleen.	Nicotine	18-26	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	130-135
19542466-7	2009	Further mechanistic studies reveal that nicotine suppresses F-actin polymerization, the rate-limiting step for CD11b surface expression.	Nicotine	40-48	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	111-116
19451839-0	2009	Dopamine transporter imaging under high-dose transdermal nicotine therapy in Parkinson"s disease: an observational study.	Nicotine	57-65	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-20
19451839-2	2009	This observational study evaluated the performance of dopamine transporter imaging in follow-up patients under nicotine therapy.	Nicotine	111-119	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	54-74
19451839-9	2009	CONCLUSION: This observational study emphasizes a potential effect of nicotine therapy on striatal dopamine transporter density, which may be interpreted as direct pharmacological effect or deceleration of neuronal loss.	Nicotine	70-78	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	99-119
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-143
19410565-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether chronic neonatal nicotine (CNN) exposure increased mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Nicotine	50-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
19077117-1	2009	High-affinity, beta2-subunit-containing (beta2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are essential for nicotine reinforcement; however, these nAChRs are found on both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and also on terminals of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons projecting from the pedunculopontine tegmental area and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus.	Nicotine	110-118	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	15-20
19077117-1	2009	High-affinity, beta2-subunit-containing (beta2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are essential for nicotine reinforcement; however, these nAChRs are found on both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and also on terminals of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons projecting from the pedunculopontine tegmental area and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus.	Nicotine	110-118	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	41-46
19077117-4	2009	Nicotine-induced GABA and DA release were partially rescued in striatal synaptosomes from transgenic mice compared with tissue from beta2 knockout mice.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	132-137
19077117-6	2009	In contrast to control mice, transgenic mice with low-level beta2* nAChR expression in the VTA showed no increase in overall levels of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) but did show an increase in CREB phosphorylation in response to exposure to a nicotine-paired chamber.	Nicotine	264-272	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	60-65
18987626-0	2009	Detection of genetic association and a functional polymorphism of dynamin 1 gene with nicotine dependence in European and African Americans.	Nicotine	86-94	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	66-75
18987626-1	2009	Although it has been documented that dynamin 1 gene (DNM1) is significantly modulated by nicotine in animal models, its association with nicotine dependence (ND) in human population remained to be unexplored.	Nicotine	89-97	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	37-46
18987626-1	2009	Although it has been documented that dynamin 1 gene (DNM1) is significantly modulated by nicotine in animal models, its association with nicotine dependence (ND) in human population remained to be unexplored.	Nicotine	89-97	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
18987626-1	2009	Although it has been documented that dynamin 1 gene (DNM1) is significantly modulated by nicotine in animal models, its association with nicotine dependence (ND) in human population remained to be unexplored.	Nicotine	137-145	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	37-46
18987626-1	2009	Although it has been documented that dynamin 1 gene (DNM1) is significantly modulated by nicotine in animal models, its association with nicotine dependence (ND) in human population remained to be unexplored.	Nicotine	137-145	dynamin 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
19371589-0	2009	Enhanced nicotine sensitivity in nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor knockout mice.	Nicotine	9-17	prepronociceptin	Mus musculus	44-55
19371589-6	2009	However, NOP receptor knockout mice consumed more 3 microg/ml nicotine solution when considered in absolute terms.	Nicotine	62-70	opioid receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	9-12
19371589-7	2009	(3) NOP receptor knockout mice showed stronger hypothermic responses to nicotine (1 or 2 mg/kg) administration.	Nicotine	72-80	opioid receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	4-7
19371589-8	2009	(4) There was modest evidence that NOP receptor KO mice showed attenuated behavioral sensitization to a low dose of nicotine (0.05 mg/kg) during repeated daily treatment.	Nicotine	116-124	opioid receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	35-38
19371589-9	2009	(5) NOP receptor knockout mice more rapidly tolerated the sedative effect of nicotine (1 mg/kg), due partially to slightly lower locomotion on first treatment.	Nicotine	77-85	opioid receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	4-7
19371589-10	2009	(6) NOP receptor knockout mice, unlike wild-type mice, showed a significant mecamylamine (2.5 mg/kg) induced conditioned place aversion to nicotine (24 mg/kg/day) withdrawal.	Nicotine	139-147	opioid receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	4-7
18758759-1	2009	RATIONALE: The nicotine discriminative stimulus has been linked to beta2-containing (beta2*) nicotinic receptors, with little evidence of a role for alpha7 nicotinic receptors, because nicotine discrimination was very weak in beta2 null mutant mice but normal in alpha7 mutants.	Nicotine	15-23	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	67-72
18758759-1	2009	RATIONALE: The nicotine discriminative stimulus has been linked to beta2-containing (beta2*) nicotinic receptors, with little evidence of a role for alpha7 nicotinic receptors, because nicotine discrimination was very weak in beta2 null mutant mice but normal in alpha7 mutants.	Nicotine	15-23	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	85-90
18758759-1	2009	RATIONALE: The nicotine discriminative stimulus has been linked to beta2-containing (beta2*) nicotinic receptors, with little evidence of a role for alpha7 nicotinic receptors, because nicotine discrimination was very weak in beta2 null mutant mice but normal in alpha7 mutants.	Nicotine	15-23	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	85-90
19207358-1	2009	AIMS: A previous association analysis identified polymorphisms in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 (GABRA4) and GABRA2 to be associated with nicotine dependence, as assessed by a score of 4 or more on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	154-162	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2	Homo sapiens	125-131
19207358-1	2009	AIMS: A previous association analysis identified polymorphisms in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 (GABRA4) and GABRA2 to be associated with nicotine dependence, as assessed by a score of 4 or more on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).	Nicotine	238-246	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2	Homo sapiens	125-131
19207358-4	2009	RESULTS: Two and 18 additional SNPs in GABRA4 and GABRA2, respectively, were associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	93-101	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2	Homo sapiens	50-56
19207358-6	2009	CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate consistently the role of GABRA4 and GABRA2 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2	Homo sapiens	73-79
19252272-4	2009	NCX2 protein was up-regulated by nicotine in hippocampus.	Nicotine	33-41	solute carrier family 8 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
19252273-4	2009	Nicotine-induced protection was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and an Src inhibitor.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
18831991-1	2009	Classically, it has been thought that high-affinity nicotinic receptors-containing beta2 subunits are the most important receptor subtypes for nicotinic involvement in cognitive function and nicotine self-administration, while low affinity alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors have not been thought to be important.	Nicotine	191-199	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	83-88
18831991-5	2009	Both beta2- and alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors also are important for nicotine self-administration, also in different ways.	Nicotine	77-85	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	5-10
18831991-9	2009	During the first few weeks, the beta2-containing nicotinic receptor knockout mice showed a significant decrease in nicotine consumption relative to wildtype mice, whereas the alpha7 knockout mice did not significantly differ from wildtype controls at the beginning of their access to nicotine.	Nicotine	115-123	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	32-37
18831991-10	2009	Interestingly, in the longer-term after the first few weeks of nicotine access, the beta2 knockout mice returned to wildtype mouse levels of nicotine consumption, whereas the alpha7 knockout mice developed an emergent decrease in nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	63-71	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	84-89
18831991-10	2009	Interestingly, in the longer-term after the first few weeks of nicotine access, the beta2 knockout mice returned to wildtype mouse levels of nicotine consumption, whereas the alpha7 knockout mice developed an emergent decrease in nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	141-149	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	84-89
18831991-10	2009	Interestingly, in the longer-term after the first few weeks of nicotine access, the beta2 knockout mice returned to wildtype mouse levels of nicotine consumption, whereas the alpha7 knockout mice developed an emergent decrease in nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	141-149	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	84-89
18831991-12	2009	Both alpha7- and beta2-containing nicotinic receptors play critical roles in cognitive function and nicotine self-administration.	Nicotine	100-108	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	17-22
18831991-14	2009	Regarding nicotine self-administration high-affinity beta2-containing nicotinic receptors are important for consumption during the initial phase of nicotine access, but it is the alpha7 nicotinic receptors that are important for the longer-term regulation of nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	10-18	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	53-58
18831991-14	2009	Regarding nicotine self-administration high-affinity beta2-containing nicotinic receptors are important for consumption during the initial phase of nicotine access, but it is the alpha7 nicotinic receptors that are important for the longer-term regulation of nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	148-156	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	53-58
18831991-14	2009	Regarding nicotine self-administration high-affinity beta2-containing nicotinic receptors are important for consumption during the initial phase of nicotine access, but it is the alpha7 nicotinic receptors that are important for the longer-term regulation of nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	148-156	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	53-58
19047205-9	2009	Interestingly, each DAergic neuron predominantly expresses only one particularly functional nAChR subtype, which may have distinct but important roles in regulation of VTA DA neuronal function, DA transmission and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	214-222	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
19793020-2	2009	The frequency of the CYP2A6*4C allele, which is a whole deleted allele of the human CYP2A6 gene, was higher, whereas that of CYP2A6*1A/*1B heterozygotes with higher nicotine metabolism activity was lower in nonsmokers than in smokers.	Nicotine	165-173	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
19793020-2	2009	The frequency of the CYP2A6*4C allele, which is a whole deleted allele of the human CYP2A6 gene, was higher, whereas that of CYP2A6*1A/*1B heterozygotes with higher nicotine metabolism activity was lower in nonsmokers than in smokers.	Nicotine	165-173	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	84-90
19793020-2	2009	The frequency of the CYP2A6*4C allele, which is a whole deleted allele of the human CYP2A6 gene, was higher, whereas that of CYP2A6*1A/*1B heterozygotes with higher nicotine metabolism activity was lower in nonsmokers than in smokers.	Nicotine	165-173	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	84-90
19200240-0	2009	Nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in trace fear conditioning in C57BL/6 mice--a role for high-affinity beta2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	106-111
19200240-8	2009	The beta2 nAChR subunit is involved in the withdrawal effects as withdrawal of chronic nicotine produced deficits in trace fear conditioning in wildtype but not in beta2-knockout mice.	Nicotine	87-95	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	4-9
19200240-9	2009	Thus, nicotine alters processes involved in both acquisition and long-term memory of trace fear conditioning, and high-affinity beta2 subunit-containing nAChRs are critically involved in the effects of nicotine withdrawal on trace fear conditioning.	Nicotine	202-210	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	128-133
19184652-6	2009	Genetic studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in CYP2A6, the primary enzyme responsible for nicotine breakdown, make a sizable contribution to the wide range of nicotine metabolic capacity observed in humans.	Nicotine	99-107	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
19184652-6	2009	Genetic studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in CYP2A6, the primary enzyme responsible for nicotine breakdown, make a sizable contribution to the wide range of nicotine metabolic capacity observed in humans.	Nicotine	168-176	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
19184652-7	2009	Thus, special attention will be given to CYP2A6, because slower nicotine metabolism requires less frequent self-administration, and accordingly influences smoking behaviors.	Nicotine	64-72	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
19492919-3	2009	In experimental settings in adult animals, pre-treatment with nicotine has shown increased BDNF levels, indicating a possible contribution to nicotine"s anti-apoptotic effect.	Nicotine	62-70	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	91-95
19492919-3	2009	In experimental settings in adult animals, pre-treatment with nicotine has shown increased BDNF levels, indicating a possible contribution to nicotine"s anti-apoptotic effect.	Nicotine	142-150	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	91-95
19492919-9	2009	There was a significantly higher expression of BDNF mRNA and protein in the animals treated with nicotine 130 microg/kg/h vs. the saline treated group (mRNA P=0.038; protein P=0.009).	Nicotine	97-105	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	47-51
19492919-11	2009	We conclude that nicotine (130 microg/kg/h), infused over 1 h after global hypoxia in neonatal piglets, increases levels of both BDNF mRNA and protein in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	17-25	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	129-133
18852456-0	2008	Nicotine decreases DNA methyltransferase 1 expression and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 promoter methylation in GABAergic interneurons.	Nicotine	0-8	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	19-42
18852456-4	2008	This nicotine-induced decrease of DNMT1 mRNA expression is greater (80%) in laser microdissected FC layer I GABAergic neurons than in the whole FC (40%), suggesting selectivity differences for the specific nicotinic receptor populations expressed in GABAergic neurons of different cortical layers.	Nicotine	5-13	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
18852456-5	2008	The down-regulation of DNMT1 expression induced by nicotine in the FC is also observed in the hippocampus but not in striatal GABAergic neurons.	Nicotine	51-59	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
18852456-6	2008	Furthermore, these data show that in the FC, the same doses of nicotine that decrease DNMT1 expression also (i) diminished the level of cytosine-5-methylation in the GAD(67) promoter and (ii) prevented the methionine-induced hypermethylation of the same promoter.	Nicotine	63-71	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
18852456-7	2008	Pretreatment with mecamylamine (6 micromol/kg s.c.), an nAChR blocker that penetrates the blood-brain barrier, prevents the nicotine-induced decrease of FC DNMT1 expression.	Nicotine	124-132	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
18991851-3	2008	A majority of high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain have been showed in heteropentameric alpha4 (alpha4) and beta2 subunit (beta2) of nAChRs.	Nicotine	28-36	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	101-126
18723372-0	2008	Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthesis by nicotine through S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway and STAT3 (Ser 727) phosphorylation in Raw 264.7 cells.	Nicotine	67-75	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	84-88
18723372-6	2008	Pretreatment of cells with nicotine blocked LPS-induced p42/44 MAPK and S6K1 as well as iNOS promoter activity.	Nicotine	27-35	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	72-76
18723372-7	2008	Furthermore, we found that LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at serine 727 is mediated by S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway, and this STAT3 phosphorylation was also blocked by nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	93-97
18723372-9	2008	Taken together, our results suggest that nicotine inhibits LPS-induced NO synthesis through suppression of S6K1-p42/44 MAPK pathway and phosphorylation of STAT3 in Raw 264.7 cells.	Nicotine	41-49	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	107-111
18651290-0	2008	Nicotine potentiates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in balloon-injured rabbit aortas.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-55
18651290-2	2008	In vitro and ex vivo studies have demonstrated that nicotine significantly stimulates VEGF expression in several cell types.	Nicotine	52-60	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	86-90
18651290-3	2008	This study examined the effects and the mechanisms of nicotine on the expression of VEGF in a rabbit model of balloon-injured aortas.	Nicotine	54-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	84-88
18651290-11	2008	VEGF protein expression in nicotine group was significantly higher than that in control group (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	27-35	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-4
18651290-14	2008	Hexamethonium, a nonselective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), significantly inhibited nicotine-induced VEGF protein expression (P &lt; 0.01).	Nicotine	112-120	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	129-133
18651290-15	2008	The present study shows that intramuscular administration of nicotine markedly potentiates the expression of VEGF protein in balloon-injured rabbit aortas, which appears to be mediated through nAChRs.	Nicotine	61-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	109-113
18762859-2	2008	The majority of high affinity nicotine binding sites in the human brain have been implicated in heteropentameric alpha4 and beta2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; therefore, these two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors genes (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) are considered to be attractive candidate genes for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.	Nicotine	30-38	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	113-119
17923852-0	2008	Identification of inhibitors of the nicotine metabolising CYP2A6 enzyme--an in silico approach.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	58-64
17923852-2	2008	Nicotine is eliminated by metabolism through the cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) enzyme in liver.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	49-68
17923852-2	2008	Nicotine is eliminated by metabolism through the cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) enzyme in liver.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	70-76
17923852-11	2008	This compound can be used as a lead in the design of CYP2A6 inhibitor drugs to combat nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	86-94	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	53-59
18567834-6	2008	The subunit-nonselective nAChR antagonist hexamethonium (100 micromol/kg) and the selective alpha7-subunit antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA; 3 and 10 micromol/kg) decreased the nicotine-induced tachycardia by 100 and 40%, respectively (maximal effects), suggesting that nAChRs containing the alpha7-subunit account for 40% of the nicotine-induced tachycardia.	Nicotine	179-187	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
18583454-0	2008	Long-term nicotine treatment differentially regulates striatal alpha6alpha4beta2* and alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2* nAChR expression and function.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
18583454-1	2008	Nicotine treatment has long been associated with alterations in alpha4beta2(*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression that modify dopaminergic function.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	79-111
18583454-1	2008	Nicotine treatment has long been associated with alterations in alpha4beta2(*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression that modify dopaminergic function.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
18583454-2	2008	However, the influence of long-term nicotine treatment on the alpha6beta2(*) nAChR, a subtype specifically localized on dopaminergic neurons, is less clear.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
18583454-3	2008	Here we used voltammetry, as well as receptor binding studies, to identify the effects of nicotine on striatal alpha6beta2(*) nAChR function and expression.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
18583454-7	2008	In contrast, in nicotine-treated rats, alpha6beta2(*) nAChR blockade elicited a similar pattern of dopamine release with nonburst and burst firing.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
18583454-9	2008	(125)I-alpha-CtxMII competition studies in striatum of knockout mice showed that nicotine treatment decreased the alpha6alpha4beta2(*) subtype but increased the alpha6(nonalpha4)beta2(*) nAChR population.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	187-192
18456310-0	2008	Idazoxan blocks the nicotine-induced reversal of the memory impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist dizocilpine.	Nicotine	20-28	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	85-108
18573248-4	2008	The administration of intrathecal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists reduced mechanical paw pressure thresholds with a potency of epibatidine=A-85380&gt;&gt;nicotine&gt;choline in the normal rat.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	34-66
18573248-6	2008	The antinociceptive response to intrathecal nicotine was blocked with the alpha7 and alpha9alpha10-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, MLA, and the alphabeta heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, DHbetaE.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	109-141
18573248-6	2008	The antinociceptive response to intrathecal nicotine was blocked with the alpha7 and alpha9alpha10-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, MLA, and the alphabeta heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, DHbetaE.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	189-221
18579413-6	2008	Lower DAT, but not D2R, in putamen and caudate were associated with poorer performance on multiple neuropsychological tests, corrected for the effects of age, education, intelligence, mood, and nicotine use.	Nicotine	194-202	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	6-9
18541304-4	2008	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) mRNA abundance in the fetal brain was significantly changed by prenatal treatment with nicotine during pregnancy.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	4-36
18495354-5	2008	The nicotine-induced currents were larger than those induced by cytisine in most responding cells, suggesting the predominance of the beta2- rather than the beta4-containing nAChR.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
18495354-8	2008	Methyllycaconitine at 10 nM (a selective alpha7-nAChR antagonist) reduced the nicotine-induced current significantly, but to a lesser extent.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
18559554-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The ratio of two nicotine metabolites, cotinine and trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC), has been validated as a method of phenotyping the activity of the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and, thus, the rate of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	29-37	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	176-201
18559554-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The ratio of two nicotine metabolites, cotinine and trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC), has been validated as a method of phenotyping the activity of the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and, thus, the rate of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	225-233	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	176-201
18588535-8	2008	Nicotine-exposed adolescents did not self-administer the low dose of cocaine, but, at the higher dose, exhibited significantly greater cocaine intake and c-fos mRNA expression in nucleus accumbens than did controls.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
18472096-11	2008	Furthermore, the expression of VEGF and bFGF within CNV and VCAM-1 in choroid beneath CNV was up-regulated in nicotine-exposed mice.	Nicotine	110-118	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	31-35
18472096-13	2008	These effects may be partly due to indirect actions of nicotine on BMCs via other factors (e.g. VEGF or VCAM-1).	Nicotine	55-63	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	96-100
18343235-2	2008	The goal of this study was to determine whether maternally derived nicotine can act via the pancreatic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) during fetal and neonatal development to induce oxidative stress in the pancreas.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	103-135
18343235-2	2008	The goal of this study was to determine whether maternally derived nicotine can act via the pancreatic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) during fetal and neonatal development to induce oxidative stress in the pancreas.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
18343235-6	2008	Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine significantly increased pancreatic GPx-1 and MnSOD protein expression, as well as islet ROS production.	Nicotine	31-39	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
18361441-0	2008	Dynorphin and prodynorphin mRNA changes in the striatum during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	63-71	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	14-26
18361441-3	2008	In this regard, the opioid dynorphin (Dyn) is of interest as it produces aversive states and has been speculated to play a role in the nicotine behavioral syndrome.	Nicotine	135-143	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	38-41
18361441-4	2008	These studies explore whether Dyn metabolism is altered during withdrawal following chronic administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	110-118	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	30-33
18360915-0	2008	Novel and established CYP2A6 alleles impair in vivo nicotine metabolism in a population of Black African descent.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	22-28
18360915-1	2008	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a human enzyme best known for metabolizing tobacco-related compounds, such as nicotine, cotinine (COT), and nitrosamine procarcinogens.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
18360915-1	2008	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a human enzyme best known for metabolizing tobacco-related compounds, such as nicotine, cotinine (COT), and nitrosamine procarcinogens.	Nicotine	110-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
18313740-2	2008	This study was designed to further evaluate this phenomenon, and to compare it with nicotine"s effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression in several brain regions.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	106-138
18313740-2	2008	This study was designed to further evaluate this phenomenon, and to compare it with nicotine"s effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression in several brain regions.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
18412948-0	2008	The influence of nicotine on granulocytic differentiation - inhibition of the oxidative burst and bacterial killing and increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 release.	Nicotine	17-25	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	130-156
18412948-6	2008	However, nicotine exposure during differentiation suppressed the oxidative burst in HL-60 cells (p &lt; 0.001); inhibited bacterial killing (p &lt; 0.01); and increased the LPS-induced release of MMP-9, but not MMP-2 (p &lt; 0.05).	Nicotine	9-17	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	196-201
18416663-7	2008	Nicotine seems to lower DAT availability such as stimulant medication; this may explain the high percentage of smokers among patients with ADHD.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	24-27
18259024-5	2008	Prenatal nicotine had no effect on baseline BP but significantly increased Ang II-stimulated BP in male but not female offspring.	Nicotine	9-17	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
17522595-0	2008	Identification of novel CYP2A6*1B variants: the CYP2A6*1B allele is associated with faster in vivo nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	99-107	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
17522595-0	2008	Identification of novel CYP2A6*1B variants: the CYP2A6*1B allele is associated with faster in vivo nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	99-107	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	48-54
17522595-1	2008	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the human enzyme responsible for the majority of nicotine"s metabolism.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
17522595-1	2008	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the human enzyme responsible for the majority of nicotine"s metabolism.	Nicotine	81-89	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
17522595-2	2008	CYP2A6 genetic variants contribute to the interindividual and interethnic variation in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	87-95	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
17522595-3	2008	We examined the association between the CYP2A6*1B variant and nicotine"s in vivo metabolism.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
17522595-8	2008	We report evidence that CYP2A6*1B genotype is associated with faster nicotine clearance in vivo, which will be important to future CYP2A6 genotype association studies.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
17522595-8	2008	We report evidence that CYP2A6*1B genotype is associated with faster nicotine clearance in vivo, which will be important to future CYP2A6 genotype association studies.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	131-137
17666046-0	2007	Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of ERK in mouse primary cortical neurons: evidence for involvement of glutamatergic signaling and CaMKII.	Nicotine	0-8	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	131-137
17666046-6	2007	In accord with these pharmacological results, nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation was normal in primary cultures made from beta2 or alpha7 nAChR subunit knockout mice.	Nicotine	46-54	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	124-129
17894865-5	2007	The effect of nicotine was mimicked by N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3-butene-1-amine (RJR-2403, 100 microM), an alpha 4 beta 2-nAChR agonist, and was also mimicked by choline (10 mM), an alpha 7-nAChR agonist.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
17894865-5	2007	The effect of nicotine was mimicked by N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3-butene-1-amine (RJR-2403, 100 microM), an alpha 4 beta 2-nAChR agonist, and was also mimicked by choline (10 mM), an alpha 7-nAChR agonist.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	191-196
17894865-6	2007	The effect of nicotine was completely blocked by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (5 microM).	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
17576790-4	2007	UGT2B10 was also more active than UGT1A4 in N-glucuronidation of cotinine (oxidative nicotine metabolite), whereas UGT2B7 exhibited only low nicotine glucuronidation activity and was essentially inactive toward cotinine.	Nicotine	141-149	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	115-121
17428784-1	2007	The human lung cytochrome P450 2A13 (CYP2A13) activates the nicotine-derived procarcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) into DNA-altering compounds that cause lung cancer.	Nicotine	60-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	15-35
17428784-1	2007	The human lung cytochrome P450 2A13 (CYP2A13) activates the nicotine-derived procarcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) into DNA-altering compounds that cause lung cancer.	Nicotine	60-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	37-44
17427187-12	2007	These findings indicate that in the context of a multifactorial model, haplotypes in the 3" region of DAT1 influence the propensity of young women to initiate smoking as well as the severity of nicotine dependence once the habit is established.	Nicotine	194-202	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	102-106
17427187-13	2007	A haplotype in the 3" untranslated region of DAT1 modifies the effect of lifetime traumatic experience on the severity of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	122-130	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	45-49
17371806-9	2007	Our results indicate that alpha(4)beta(2)(*) acetylcholine nicotinic receptors (nAChR) are important in mediating nicotine analgesia in supraspinal responses, while also showing that alpha(4)beta(2)(*)-nAChR and at least one other nAChR subtype appear to modulate spinal actions.	Nicotine	114-122	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1b	Mus musculus	26-38
17451542-9	2007	Nicotine treatment resulted in TIMP-2 redistribution to the cell surface.	Nicotine	0-8	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	31-37
17520028-8	2007	Reduced tubular damage in nicotine pre-treated mice was associated with a decrease in tubular cell apoptosis and proliferative response as attested by the reduction of caspase-3 and Ki67 positive cells, respectively.	Nicotine	26-34	caspase 3	Mus musculus	168-177
17420096-0	2007	Acute nicotine enhances c-fos mRNA expression differentially in reward-related substrates of adolescent and adult rat brain.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
17420096-2	2007	To help determine the potential brain circuitry involved, we investigated the effect of acute nicotine administration (0.4 or 0.8mg/kg, s.c.) on the expression of c-fos mRNA in the brains of adolescent (P35) and adult (P67-70) male Wistar rats using in situ hybridization.	Nicotine	94-102	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
17420096-3	2007	Nicotine administration increased c-fos mRNA expression in several brain regions, including the central amygdala, locus coeruleus, nucleus accumbens core, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and lateral septum of adolescent and adult rats.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
17420096-4	2007	Nicotine increased c-fos mRNA expression more robustly in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens shell and ventral tegmental area in adolescent rats.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
17470777-3	2007	Using genetically modified mice and pharmacological manipulations, we provide behavioral, electrophysiological, and pharmacological evidence for a long-term mechanism by which chronic nicotine triggers opposing processes differentially mediated by beta2*- vs. alpha7*nAChRs.	Nicotine	184-192	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	248-253
17443794-8	2007	Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4beta2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected.	Nicotine	0-8	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
17443794-8	2007	Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4beta2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	204-209
17443794-8	2007	Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4beta2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected.	Nicotine	0-8	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	226-230
17443794-10	2007	These data suggest that in neonates chronic nicotine regulates body weight gain independent from serum leptin levels by a central mechanism involving alpha4beta2* heteromeric nAChRs and stimulated increased expression of the anorexic peptide POMC.	Nicotine	44-52	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	242-246
17105825-0	2007	Perinatal nicotine exposure eliminates peak in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor response in adolescent rats.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	47-79
17105825-10	2007	These results are consistent with recent behavioral and receptor binding results from other laboratories and are the first direct evidence at the cellular level that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor response varies during adolescence and is affected by perinatal nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	267-275	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	170-202
17206525-2	2007	To develop and compare methods that predict individual nicotine (NIC) clearance, which reflects CYP2A6 activity, using random saliva cotinine (COT) and trans 3"-hydroxycotinine (3HC) measurements.	Nicotine	55-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
17206525-2	2007	To develop and compare methods that predict individual nicotine (NIC) clearance, which reflects CYP2A6 activity, using random saliva cotinine (COT) and trans 3"-hydroxycotinine (3HC) measurements.	Nicotine	65-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
17067804-0	2007	The CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant chronically prevents the nicotine-induced relapse to alcohol.	Nicotine	76-84	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
17067804-1	2007	Preclinical and clinical research shows that the cannabinoid brain receptor type 1 (CB(1)) modulates alcohol- and nicotine-related behaviors.	Nicotine	114-122	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-89
17115136-10	2007	CONCLUSION: Substitution to the nicotine discriminative stimulus required high-affinity and high intrinsic activity at beta2 but not at beta4- or at alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	32-40	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	119-124
17136517-0	2007	beta2 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors mediate the enhancing effect of nicotine on trace cued fear conditioning in C57BL/6 mice.	Nicotine	77-85	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
17136517-3	2007	Similarly, genetic deletion of the beta2 nAChR subunit but not the alpha7 nAChR subunit blocked the enhancing effect of nicotine on contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	120-128	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	35-40
17136517-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that beta2 subunit-containing nAChRs but not alpha7 nAChR subunit-containing nAChRs are critically involved in the enhancing effect of nicotine on contextual and trace cued fear conditioning.	Nicotine	170-178	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	40-45
16979766-0	2007	Nicotine administration effects on feeding and cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expression in the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	47-87
16979766-0	2007	Nicotine administration effects on feeding and cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expression in the hypothalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
16979766-5	2007	Results show that the transcript levels of the anorexigenic molecule CART increased in the PVN and/or PE two days after nicotine treatment but after nine days CART levels equalize.	Nicotine	120-128	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
16979766-6	2007	In contrast, nine days of nicotine treatment reduced CART levels in the DMN as compared to saline controls.	Nicotine	26-34	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
16979766-8	2007	These results are consistent with nicotine modulating feeding behavior and body weight, in part, by affecting CART transcript levels in the DMN, PVN and/or PE.	Nicotine	34-42	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
17125252-1	2006	A series of 3-heteroaromatic analogues of nicotine were synthesized to delineate structural and mechanistic requirements for selectively inhibiting human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	154-179
17112802-0	2006	CYP2A6 genotype and the metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
17112802-1	2006	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The liver enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is primarily responsible for the metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	116-124	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	43-68
17112802-2	2006	Variants in the CYP2A6 gene have been associated with altered nicotine metabolism and with effects on smoking behavior.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
17112802-3	2006	Our objective was to determine the relationship between variant CYP2A6 genotypes and the disposition and metabolism of nicotine administered intravenously.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
17112802-6	2006	RESULTS: On the basis of the fractional clearance of nicotine to cotinine and on the plasma ratio of 3"-hydroxycotinine to cotinine, both shown to be indicators of CYP2A6 enzymatic activity, subjects were classified into 3 groups.	Nicotine	53-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	164-170
17112802-12	2006	CONCLUSIONS: We provide novel pharmacokinetic and metabolic data on nicotine after systemic dosing in relation to common CYP2A6 genotypes.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	121-127
16857725-1	2006	CYP2A6 plays important roles in the metabolism of nicotine and some clinically used drugs.	Nicotine	50-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16636685-1	2006	Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 metabolizes nicotine to cotinine.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-31
16825610-7	2006	Sustained exposure to nicotine was associated with significant inhibition of rolling and migration of enriched hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) across BM endothelial cells (BMECs) in vitro as well as decreased expression of beta2 integrin on the surface of these cells.	Nicotine	22-30	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	235-240
16873411-0	2006	Nicotine-induced enhancement of synaptic plasticity at CA3-CA1 synapses requires GABAergic interneurons in adult anti-NGF mice.	Nicotine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	118-121
16482470-8	2006	Female offspring from mothers treated with a combination of nicotine and chlorpyrifos showed significant increase in plasma BChE activity.	Nicotine	60-68	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
16482470-14	2006	These results indicate that in utero exposure to nicotine and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination produced significant sensorimotor deficits in male and female offspring, differential increase in brain AChE activity, a decrease in the surviving neurons and an increased expression of GFAP in cerebellum in adult offspring rats at a corresponding human adult age.	Nicotine	49-57	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	287-291
16690037-5	2006	Brain sections from adolescent offspring, aged P38-40, were analyzed by in situ hybridization for regional c-fos mRNA expression in response to acute injection of saline or nicotine (0.03, 0.1, 0.3 mg/kg).	Nicotine	173-181	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
16690037-6	2006	Acute nicotine challenge increased c-fos expression within nucleus accumbens shell, lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsal lateral geniculate, and superior colliculus, whereas c-fos expression was decreased in prelimbic cortex.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
16690037-6	2006	Acute nicotine challenge increased c-fos expression within nucleus accumbens shell, lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsal lateral geniculate, and superior colliculus, whereas c-fos expression was decreased in prelimbic cortex.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	234-239
16690037-8	2006	However, basal c-fos mRNA expression within infralimbic cortex and nucleus accumbens core was increased by gestational nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	119-127	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
16707114-0	2006	Nicotine modulates expression of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in mouse brain and in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 2	Mus musculus	63-95
16765148-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine, and cotinine is metabolized to 3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) by the liver enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	126-151
16627626-5	2006	The densities of copper and zinc distributions in a subfield of the hippocampus CA1 region are also reduced after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	114-122	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
16530419-3	2006	Immunoblot analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2 times/day) normalized the stress-induced decrease in the basal levels of BDNF, CaMKII (total and phosphorylated; P-CaMKII), and calmodulin.	Nicotine	40-48	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
16408261-9	2006	This study shows that nicotine has complex interactions with NGF and BDNF in D2-primed and control animals, and emphasizes the importance of gender differences when analyzing nicotine"s effects on neurotrophins.	Nicotine	22-30	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
16545369-4	2006	Nicotine increased the percentage of orexin neurons expressing Fos without a significant effect on non-orexin neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
16254251-7	2006	In vitro, HGF expression was evaluated in isolated murine ATII cells and in 12 ADC cell lines, and we found that nicotine activated HGF expression in ATII cells and lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	113-121	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	10-13
16254251-7	2006	In vitro, HGF expression was evaluated in isolated murine ATII cells and in 12 ADC cell lines, and we found that nicotine activated HGF expression in ATII cells and lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	113-121	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	132-135
16490810-0	2006	Isoflavones inhibit nicotine C-oxidation catalyzed by human CYP2A6.	Nicotine	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	60-66
16402086-0	2006	CYP2A6 polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and influence withdrawal symptoms in smoking cessation.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16402086-1	2006	CYP2A6 is the main enzyme that catalyzes nicotine into cotinine.	Nicotine	41-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16402086-2	2006	Interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism result at least partially from polymorphic variation of CYP2A6 gene.	Nicotine	31-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	107-113
16402086-5	2006	Consistent with the previous reports, CYP2A6 genotypes have a tendency to correlate with the number of cigarettes per day and with daily intake of nicotine.	Nicotine	147-155	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
16402086-6	2006	Interestingly, CYP2A6 high-activity group (CYP2A6*1/*1, *1/*9, *1/*4, *9/*9) smoked the first cigarette of the day earlier than low-activity group (CYP2A6*4/*9, *4/*4), indicating more remarkable nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	196-204	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
16001112-3	2006	OBJECTIVES: In the present experiments, the role of beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on tolerance development and nAChR upregulation was examined following chronic nicotine treatment of beta2 wild-type (+/+), heterozygous (+/-), and null mutant (-/-) mice.	Nicotine	181-189	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	52-57
16001112-3	2006	OBJECTIVES: In the present experiments, the role of beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on tolerance development and nAChR upregulation was examined following chronic nicotine treatment of beta2 wild-type (+/+), heterozygous (+/-), and null mutant (-/-) mice.	Nicotine	181-189	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	203-208
16001112-8	2006	In contrast, beta2-/- mice, initially less sensitive to acute nicotine"s effects, became more sensitive following treatment with the lowest chronic dose (1 mg/kg/h).	Nicotine	62-70	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	13-18
16001112-9	2006	Beta2-/- mice treated with 4.0 mg/kg/h nicotine were no longer supersensitive, indicating that tolerance developed at this higher dose.	Nicotine	39-47	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
16001112-13	2006	Changes in nicotine sensitivity occurred both in the presence (beta2+/+) and absence (beta2-/-) of beta2* nAChRs and suggest that mechanisms involving both beta2* and non-beta2* nAChR subtypes modulate adaptation to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	11-19	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	63-68
16001112-13	2006	Changes in nicotine sensitivity occurred both in the presence (beta2+/+) and absence (beta2-/-) of beta2* nAChRs and suggest that mechanisms involving both beta2* and non-beta2* nAChR subtypes modulate adaptation to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	11-19	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	86-95
16001112-13	2006	Changes in nicotine sensitivity occurred both in the presence (beta2+/+) and absence (beta2-/-) of beta2* nAChRs and suggest that mechanisms involving both beta2* and non-beta2* nAChR subtypes modulate adaptation to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	11-19	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	86-91
16001112-13	2006	Changes in nicotine sensitivity occurred both in the presence (beta2+/+) and absence (beta2-/-) of beta2* nAChRs and suggest that mechanisms involving both beta2* and non-beta2* nAChR subtypes modulate adaptation to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	11-19	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	86-91
16001112-13	2006	Changes in nicotine sensitivity occurred both in the presence (beta2+/+) and absence (beta2-/-) of beta2* nAChRs and suggest that mechanisms involving both beta2* and non-beta2* nAChR subtypes modulate adaptation to chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	11-19	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	86-91
16010542-11	2006	CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the concept that the production of acute tolerance by nicotine in vivo correlates directly with its ability to induce nAChR desensitization at the cellular level.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	165-170
16133126-0	2006	beta2-Subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in nicotine-induced increases in conditioned reinforcement but not progressive ratio responding for food in C57BL/6 mice.	Nicotine	75-83	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	0-5
16133126-3	2006	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether beta2-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (beta2*nAChRs) are necessary for lasting effects of nicotine on conditioned and primary reinforcement in mice.	Nicotine	173-181	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	62-67
16133126-3	2006	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether beta2-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (beta2*nAChRs) are necessary for lasting effects of nicotine on conditioned and primary reinforcement in mice.	Nicotine	173-181	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	122-127
16133126-12	2006	CONCLUSION: These data show that nicotine exposure enhances conditioned reinforcement in mice and indicate that beta2*nAChRs are necessary for nicotine-dependent enhancement of incentive aspects of motivation but not motivation for primary reinforcement measured by progressive ratio responding.	Nicotine	33-41	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	112-117
16133126-12	2006	CONCLUSION: These data show that nicotine exposure enhances conditioned reinforcement in mice and indicate that beta2*nAChRs are necessary for nicotine-dependent enhancement of incentive aspects of motivation but not motivation for primary reinforcement measured by progressive ratio responding.	Nicotine	143-151	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	112-117
16416156-0	2006	The beta2 but not alpha7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is required for nicotine-conditioned place preference in mice.	Nicotine	89-97	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	4-9
16416156-10	2006	CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data suggest that the beta2 subunit of the nAChR is critically involved in nicotine reward as measured by CPP.	Nicotine	109-117	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	56-61
16485141-1	2006	RATIONALE: Cyp2a5, the mouse homologue of human CYP2A6, encodes for the enzyme responsible for the primary metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	121-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	48-54
16378601-1	2006	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the major nicotine C-oxidase in human and participates in the metabolism of drugs and precarcinogens.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
16378601-1	2006	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the major nicotine C-oxidase in human and participates in the metabolism of drugs and precarcinogens.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
16470306-2	2006	CYP2A6 catalyzes the oxidation of nicotine and the activation of carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1 and nitrosamines.	Nicotine	34-42	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16135656-0	2005	CYP2A6 AND CYP2B6 are involved in nornicotine formation from nicotine in humans: interindividual differences in these contributions.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
16135656-9	2005	The nicotine N-demethylase activity in microsomes from 15 human livers at 20 microM nicotine was significantly correlated with the CYP2A6 contents (r = 0.578, p &lt; 0.05), coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity (r = 0.802, p &lt; 0.001), and S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activity (r = 0.694, p &lt; 0.005).	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	131-137
16135656-9	2005	The nicotine N-demethylase activity in microsomes from 15 human livers at 20 microM nicotine was significantly correlated with the CYP2A6 contents (r = 0.578, p &lt; 0.05), coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity (r = 0.802, p &lt; 0.001), and S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activity (r = 0.694, p &lt; 0.005).	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	173-195
16135656-11	2005	These results as well as the inhibition analyses suggested that CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 would significantly contribute to the nicotine N-demethylation at low and high substrate concentrations, respectively.	Nicotine	120-128	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
16324106-11	2005	These results highlight the role of tonic nAChR activity in shaping excitatory inputs to hypoglossal motoneurons, and suggest that nAChR desensitization by ambient nicotine could contribute to disorders of tongue muscle movements.	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
16273255-0	2005	Nicotine induces chromatin changes and c-Jun up-regulation in HL-60 leukemia cells.	Nicotine	0-8	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
16273255-3	2005	The findings show that nicotine induces chromatin decondensation, histone H3 acetylation and up-regulation of the c-Jun transcription factor mRNA.	Nicotine	23-31	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
16272956-2	2005	Mutations in CYP2A6 slow metabolism of nicotine to cotinine.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
16152573-2	2005	The BDNF gene is located in a genomic region on chromosome 11p where we and others have found "significant" linkage to nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	119-127	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	4-8
16051723-2	2005	We used double-labeling immunocytochemical methods to determine whether esophageal distension (and nicotine) activates c-Fos expression in nitrergic and noradrenergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS).	Nicotine	99-107	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
16051920-9	2005	At a nicotine dose of 100 microM, the CCK-stimulated release of amylase was maximal at 6 min, and, although a nicotinic receptor antagonist inhibited this response, it was not inhibited by the ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor.	Nicotine	5-13	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
16219424-4	2005	Using the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12, we examined the effects of either Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y27632) or RhoA inhibitor (C3 toxin) on nicotine-induced catecholamine biosynthesis.	Nicotine	144-152	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
16219424-5	2005	We show that nicotine (10 microM) induces a significant, though transient, increase in RhoA activation in these cells.	Nicotine	13-21	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
15986197-0	2005	Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are involved in motivational effects of nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	66-74	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
15986197-2	2005	OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to evaluate whether activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors is necessary for the establishment and the short- and long-term expression of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).	Nicotine	180-188	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
15647329-1	2005	To identify the brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes that may be involved in nicotine addiction, we investigated the actions of bupropion, a drug used in cigarette smoking cessation programs, and nicotine on three pharmacologically identified nAChRs in rat hippocampal slices, namely, type IA, type II, and type III nAChRs, likely representing alpha7, alpha4beta2, and alpha3beta4 subunits, respectively.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	22-54
15647329-1	2005	To identify the brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes that may be involved in nicotine addiction, we investigated the actions of bupropion, a drug used in cigarette smoking cessation programs, and nicotine on three pharmacologically identified nAChRs in rat hippocampal slices, namely, type IA, type II, and type III nAChRs, likely representing alpha7, alpha4beta2, and alpha3beta4 subunits, respectively.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
15647329-5	2005	A single injection of nicotine also produced a significant increase in type III nAChR response.	Nicotine	22-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
15647329-8	2005	Our results suggest that in vivo-nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation observed in neurons of intact brain tissue is a physiologically relevant phenomenon and that early up-regulation of type III and type II nAChRs could be an important biological signal in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
15647329-8	2005	Our results suggest that in vivo-nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation observed in neurons of intact brain tissue is a physiologically relevant phenomenon and that early up-regulation of type III and type II nAChRs could be an important biological signal in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	257-265	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
15671201-1	2005	Nicotine C-oxidation is primarily catalyzed by CYP2A6 in humans.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
15735609-0	2005	Implications of CYP2A6 genetic variation for smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	67-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
15735609-5	2005	We review some of the recent findings on the influence of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms on nicotine kinetics, smoking behaviors, and how the gene appears to exert differential effects during various stages of smoking (eg, initiation, conversion to dependence, amount smoked during dependence, and quitting).	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	58-64
15735610-2	2005	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is primarily responsible for the metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-25
15483069-11	2005	Based on concentration response curves formed by nicotinic agonists [ACh, nicotine, dimethyl phenyl piperazinium (DMPP), cytisine] evidence emerged of two distinct nAChR differentially expressed in type 4 (alpha3beta4) and types 5 and 8 (alpha3beta4 alpha5).	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
15861044-1	2005	Cytochrome P450 2A6 is the main human nicotine metabolizing enzyme coded for by a highly polymorphic gene, CYP2A6.	Nicotine	38-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
15861044-1	2005	Cytochrome P450 2A6 is the main human nicotine metabolizing enzyme coded for by a highly polymorphic gene, CYP2A6.	Nicotine	38-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	107-113
15574422-0	2005	Long-term exposure to nicotine, via ras pathway, induces cyclin D1 to stimulate G1 cell cycle transition.	Nicotine	22-30	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	57-66
15574422-3	2005	In this study, we have shown that, via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, persistent exposure of mouse epithelial cells to nicotine elicits Ras signaling and subsequent Raf/MAP kinase activity, accompanied by a significant increase in cyclin D1 promoter activity and its protein expression.	Nicotine	123-131	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	235-244
15574422-5	2005	The induction of cyclin D1 expression and its promoter activity by nicotine is abolished by the suppression of Raf/MAP kinase signaling.	Nicotine	67-75	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	17-26
15694934-9	2005	Immunoblotting verified p38 and p44/42 activation with nicotine and inhibition with inhibitors of p38 and p44/42.	Nicotine	55-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Bos taurus	24-27
15861035-0	2005	Nicotine metabolism: the impact of CYP2A6 on estimates of additive genetic influence.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	35-41
15861035-4	2005	DNA was genotyped to confirm zygosity and for variation in the gene for the primary enzyme involved in nicotine metabolism, CYP2A6 (alleles tested: *1, *1x2, *2, *4, *7, *9 and *12).	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	124-130
16280603-0	2005	Effect of amyloid peptides on the increase in TrkA receptor expression induced by nicotine in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	82-90	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
16280603-4	2005	Treatment of differentiated PC-12 cells with nicotine produced a concentration-dependent increase in cell-surface TrkA receptors that occurred concomitantly with cytoprotection.	Nicotine	45-53	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
16280603-9	2005	The nicotine-induced increases in TrKA expression in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were significantly inhibited by 10 microg alpha-BTXor by 10 nmol Abeta1-42.	Nicotine	4-12	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
16280603-10	2005	Therefore, physiologically relevant concentrations of Abeta1-42 can prevent nicotine-induced TrkA receptor expression in brain regions containing cholinergic neurons susceptible to the neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	76-84	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
16023685-0	2005	Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) antagonist MPEP attenuated cue- and schedule-induced reinstatement of nicotine self-administration behavior in rats.	Nicotine	111-119	glutamate metabotropic receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	0-39
16084664-6	2005	c-fos and NGFI-B were also upregulated by nicotine, but not in an age-related manner.	Nicotine	42-50	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
16084664-7	2005	In contrast, nicotine induced less arc, c-fos, and NGFI-B expression in the somatosensory cortex of adolescents compared with adults.	Nicotine	13-21	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
16154286-5	2005	Both methyllycaconitine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist and methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7-containing nAChR antagonist blocked the effects of nicotine and DMPP, suggesting that alpha7 subunit mediated the increases in 5-HT.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
16154286-5	2005	Both methyllycaconitine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist and methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7-containing nAChR antagonist blocked the effects of nicotine and DMPP, suggesting that alpha7 subunit mediated the increases in 5-HT.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
15652996-8	2005	The expression of ChAT, VAChT, as well as tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) NGF receptors and phospho-TrK receptors was increased by nicotine in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	136-144	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
15652996-8	2005	The expression of ChAT, VAChT, as well as tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) NGF receptors and phospho-TrK receptors was increased by nicotine in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	136-144	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
15652996-8	2005	The expression of ChAT, VAChT, as well as tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) NGF receptors and phospho-TrK receptors was increased by nicotine in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	136-144	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-71
15652996-8	2005	The expression of ChAT, VAChT, as well as tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) NGF receptors and phospho-TrK receptors was increased by nicotine in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	136-144	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
15652996-8	2005	The expression of ChAT, VAChT, as well as tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) NGF receptors and phospho-TrK receptors was increased by nicotine in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	136-144	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
15652384-1	2005	Individual and strain variability in the effects of nicotine suggests the involvement of a genetic component in nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) function, which may help explain nicotine"s variable behavioral and pharmacological effects in different individuals.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
15652384-1	2005	Individual and strain variability in the effects of nicotine suggests the involvement of a genetic component in nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) function, which may help explain nicotine"s variable behavioral and pharmacological effects in different individuals.	Nicotine	184-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
15940289-6	2005	The subjects carrying the CYP2A6*1B allele oxidize nicotine to cotinine faster than subjects with the CYP2A6*1A allele.	Nicotine	51-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
15319299-6	2004	Nicotine further increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and microvessel density by 70 and 30%, respectively, with concomitant activation of ERK phosphorylation, COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the tumors.	Nicotine	0-8	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	27-65
15319299-6	2004	Nicotine further increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and microvessel density by 70 and 30%, respectively, with concomitant activation of ERK phosphorylation, COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the tumors.	Nicotine	0-8	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	67-71
15319299-6	2004	Nicotine further increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and microvessel density by 70 and 30%, respectively, with concomitant activation of ERK phosphorylation, COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the tumors.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	197-231
15319299-6	2004	Nicotine further increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and microvessel density by 70 and 30%, respectively, with concomitant activation of ERK phosphorylation, COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the tumors.	Nicotine	0-8	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	233-237
15319299-8	2004	Consistent with our animal model, an in vitro study also demonstrated that incubation with nicotine (50-200 microg/ml) for 5 h stimulated cell proliferation dose-dependently and increased COX-2 expression, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and VEGF release, as well as activation of ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	91-99	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	238-242
15319299-10	2004	Furthermore, the stimulatory action of nicotine on cancer cell growth and angiogenic factor VEGF production was suppressed by inhibitors of MEK (U0126) and COX-2 (SC-236).	Nicotine	39-47	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	92-96
15319299-11	2004	These findings reveal a direct promoting action of nicotine on the growth of gastric tumor and neovascularization through sequential activation of the ERK/COX-2/VEGF signaling pathway, which can be targeted for chemoprevention of gastric cancer, particularly in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	51-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	161-165
15592323-1	2004	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is a major CYP responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and coumarin in humans.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-25
15592323-11	2004	For nicotine C -oxidation, the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant values of the wild-type or variant CYP2A6 were 31.6 +/- 2.9 micromol/L and 31.3 +/- 3.1 micromol/L, respectively.	Nicotine	4-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	101-107
15592323-18	2004	Furthermore, cotinine/nicotine ratios after 1 piece of nicotine gum was chewed, used as an index of in vivo nicotine metabolism, were significantly (P &lt; .05) decreased in heterozygotes of the CYP2A6*17 allele (5.4 +/- 2.7, n = 12) compared with homozygotes of the wild type (11.5 +/- 10.5, n = 37).	Nicotine	22-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	195-201
15592323-18	2004	Furthermore, cotinine/nicotine ratios after 1 piece of nicotine gum was chewed, used as an index of in vivo nicotine metabolism, were significantly (P &lt; .05) decreased in heterozygotes of the CYP2A6*17 allele (5.4 +/- 2.7, n = 12) compared with homozygotes of the wild type (11.5 +/- 10.5, n = 37).	Nicotine	55-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	195-201
15592323-18	2004	Furthermore, cotinine/nicotine ratios after 1 piece of nicotine gum was chewed, used as an index of in vivo nicotine metabolism, were significantly (P &lt; .05) decreased in heterozygotes of the CYP2A6*17 allele (5.4 +/- 2.7, n = 12) compared with homozygotes of the wild type (11.5 +/- 10.5, n = 37).	Nicotine	55-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	195-201
15592323-19	2004	A subject with CYP2A6*17 / CYP2A6*17 revealed the lowest cotinine/nicotine ratio (1.8).	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
15592323-19	2004	A subject with CYP2A6*17 / CYP2A6*17 revealed the lowest cotinine/nicotine ratio (1.8).	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
15380374-2	2004	The present studies were conducted to assess the effects of chronic nicotine administration on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) shell.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	95-127
15380374-2	2004	The present studies were conducted to assess the effects of chronic nicotine administration on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) shell.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
15380374-5	2004	We show here that injections of the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE; 0.6-20 microg total bilateral dose) into the VTA, but not outside the VTA, resulted in significant elevations in brain reward thresholds in nicotine dependent rats (9 mg/kg/day nicotine hydrogen tartrate) while having no effect in saline-treated controls.	Nicotine	229-237	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
15225679-5	2004	Four genes, BAX, calcyclin, osteopontin and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), identified by the microarray as showing changes in mRNA level with nicotine treatment were investigated in detail.	Nicotine	146-154	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	12-15
15225679-6	2004	RT-PCR showed that nicotine exposure resulted in significant decreases in mRNA levels for BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin, but nicotine did not affect the mRNA level of SOD1.	Nicotine	19-27	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	90-93
15225679-7	2004	Nicotine-induced changes in BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin mRNAs showed a general correlation with stimulation of branching, implying a common mechanism for effects of nicotine on branching and on gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	28-31
15225679-8	2004	BAX, calcyclin and osteopontin mRNA levels were found to be developmentally regulated, but only the effect of nicotine on BAX mRNA was parallel to the developmental change in vivo, suggesting that nicotine action cannot be explained simply as a stimulation of the embryonic lung"s developmental program.	Nicotine	110-118	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	122-125
15308289-4	2004	However, the activities of PKA and PKC decreased when brain nAChRs were in a sub-acute state, an acute state or a chronic desensitized state induced by repeated administration of nicotine.	Nicotine	179-187	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
15308289-5	2004	These results suggest that desensitized nAChRs in the rat brain can inhibit the activities of PKA and PKC, which may be responsible for nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	136-144	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
15274052-0	2004	Association study of the Epac gene and tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	59-67	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	25-29
15274052-9	2004	Considering the function of the gene in cellular signal transduction pathway, its elevated expression after nicotine self-administration, and multiple markers association with both SI and progression to ND, it is plausible to suggest that variants in Epac contribute to the liability to ND.	Nicotine	108-116	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	251-255
15321660-5	2004	Preliminary data indicate that deliberate reduction of host lung AdoMet by nicotine treatment is therapeutic in the rat model of Pneumocystis pneumonia.	Nicotine	75-83	methionine adenosyltransferase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
15045467-0	2004	Maternal exposure to nicotine and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination, leads to persistently elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebellum of the offspring in late puberty.	Nicotine	21-29	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	119-150
15045467-1	2004	We previously showed that maternal exposure to nicotine, alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos, caused an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum in postnatal day (PND) 30 offspring.	Nicotine	47-55	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	122-153
15045467-1	2004	We previously showed that maternal exposure to nicotine, alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos, caused an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum in postnatal day (PND) 30 offspring.	Nicotine	47-55	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
15045467-10	2004	An increase in GFAP immunostaining in cerebellar white matter was observed in the offspring from the mothers treated with nicotine.	Nicotine	122-130	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
15045467-12	2004	Also, nicotine caused a decrease in the surviving neurons and an increased expression of GFAP in cerebellar white matter of the offspring on PND 60.	Nicotine	6-14	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
15265511-0	2004	Metabolic profile of nicotine in subjects whose CYP2A6 gene is deleted.	Nicotine	21-29	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	48-54
15265511-1	2004	Generally, 70-80% of absorbed nicotine is mainly metabolized to cotinine by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	30-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	76-101
15265511-4	2004	The purpose of the present study was to clarify the metabolic profile of nicotine in subjects whose CYP2A6 gene is deleted.	Nicotine	73-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	100-106
15265511-13	2004	This is the first report of the metabolic profile of nicotine in subjects whose CYP2A6 gene is deleted.	Nicotine	53-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
15225612-2	2004	CYP2A6 also catalyzes nicotine C-oxidation leading to cotinine formation, a major metabolic pathway of nicotine in humans.	Nicotine	22-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
15225612-2	2004	CYP2A6 also catalyzes nicotine C-oxidation leading to cotinine formation, a major metabolic pathway of nicotine in humans.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
15188272-0	2004	Nicotine decreases agrin signaling and acetylcholine receptor clustering in C2C12 myotube culture.	Nicotine	0-8	agrin	Homo sapiens	19-24
15188272-9	2004	Our results demonstrate that nicotine decreases agrin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of AChRs and decreases the frequency of spontaneous as well as agrin-induced AChR clustering.	Nicotine	29-37	agrin	Homo sapiens	48-53
15188272-9	2004	Our results demonstrate that nicotine decreases agrin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of AChRs and decreases the frequency of spontaneous as well as agrin-induced AChR clustering.	Nicotine	29-37	agrin	Homo sapiens	150-155
15188272-10	2004	We conclude that nicotine interferes with postsynaptic scaffold formation by preventing the tyrosine phosphorylation of AChRs, an agrin signaling event that precedes AChR clustering.	Nicotine	17-25	agrin	Homo sapiens	130-135
15165834-3	2004	The (-)-nicotine/NMDA combination elicited supraadditive release which was totally abolished by the nAChR blocker mecamylamine and partly prevented by selectively blocking NMDA receptors.	Nicotine	4-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
15215293-4	2004	increased wakefulness in wild-type but not knock-out animals, indicating that beta2-containing nAChRs mediate the arousing properties of nicotine.	Nicotine	137-145	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	78-83
14722323-1	2004	We have recently provided evidence for nicotine-induced complex formation between the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the tyrosine-phosphorylated enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) that results in subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K) and Akt.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
14722323-1	2004	We have recently provided evidence for nicotine-induced complex formation between the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the tyrosine-phosphorylated enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) that results in subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K) and Akt.	Nicotine	39-47	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	173-187
14722323-1	2004	We have recently provided evidence for nicotine-induced complex formation between the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the tyrosine-phosphorylated enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) that results in subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K) and Akt.	Nicotine	39-47	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
14722323-2	2004	Nicotine interaction with the alpha7 nAChR inhibits Abeta (1-42) interaction with the same receptor, and the Abeta (1-42)-induced apoptosis is prevented through nicotine-induced activation of JAK2.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
14722323-2	2004	Nicotine interaction with the alpha7 nAChR inhibits Abeta (1-42) interaction with the same receptor, and the Abeta (1-42)-induced apoptosis is prevented through nicotine-induced activation of JAK2.	Nicotine	0-8	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
14722323-2	2004	Nicotine interaction with the alpha7 nAChR inhibits Abeta (1-42) interaction with the same receptor, and the Abeta (1-42)-induced apoptosis is prevented through nicotine-induced activation of JAK2.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
14722323-2	2004	Nicotine interaction with the alpha7 nAChR inhibits Abeta (1-42) interaction with the same receptor, and the Abeta (1-42)-induced apoptosis is prevented through nicotine-induced activation of JAK2.	Nicotine	161-169	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
15044622-7	2004	There was a greater than 3-fold difference in binding affinities between hCNT1 and hCNT2 for nicotine (K(i) = 63 versus 227 microM).	Nicotine	93-101	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
15044622-7	2004	There was a greater than 3-fold difference in binding affinities between hCNT1 and hCNT2 for nicotine (K(i) = 63 versus 227 microM).	Nicotine	93-101	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	83-88
15044622-10	2004	The results indicated that although hCNT1 and hCNT2 possess some overlap in transport of several uridine and adenosine analogs, they also exhibit distinct differences in capacity to interact with some adenosine receptor ligands, adenosine-based drugs, and nicotine.	Nicotine	256-264	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
15044622-10	2004	The results indicated that although hCNT1 and hCNT2 possess some overlap in transport of several uridine and adenosine analogs, they also exhibit distinct differences in capacity to interact with some adenosine receptor ligands, adenosine-based drugs, and nicotine.	Nicotine	256-264	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	46-51
15164609-2	2004	Nicotine treatment activates neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in peripheral and central nervous systems leading to depolarization and elevation of intracellular calcium levels, which are considered to cause stimulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, intracellular signal transduction and gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	38-71
15164609-2	2004	Nicotine treatment activates neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in peripheral and central nervous systems leading to depolarization and elevation of intracellular calcium levels, which are considered to cause stimulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, intracellular signal transduction and gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
15164609-8	2004	Nicotine induces the activation of both PI3 kinase/Act and ERK/CREB pathways via common pathways including non-alpha 7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
15203795-1	2004	Individuals who carry variant alleles of the CYP2A6 gene are poor metabolizers of nicotine and are believed to be more sensitive to nicotine"s aversive effects than those with normal alleles.	Nicotine	82-90	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	45-51
15203795-1	2004	Individuals who carry variant alleles of the CYP2A6 gene are poor metabolizers of nicotine and are believed to be more sensitive to nicotine"s aversive effects than those with normal alleles.	Nicotine	132-140	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	45-51
15165715-0	2004	The role of adrenomedullin and its receptor system in cardiovascular calcification of rat induced by Vitamin D(3) plus nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
15165715-2	2004	Our work was aimed to explore the production of ADM, changes and pathophysiological significance of ADM mRNA and ADM receptor components--calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) mRNA in calcified myocardium and aorta of rats induced by Vitamin D3 plus nicotine.	Nicotine	302-310	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
15165715-2	2004	Our work was aimed to explore the production of ADM, changes and pathophysiological significance of ADM mRNA and ADM receptor components--calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) mRNA in calcified myocardium and aorta of rats induced by Vitamin D3 plus nicotine.	Nicotine	302-310	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
15165715-2	2004	Our work was aimed to explore the production of ADM, changes and pathophysiological significance of ADM mRNA and ADM receptor components--calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) mRNA in calcified myocardium and aorta of rats induced by Vitamin D3 plus nicotine.	Nicotine	302-310	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
14712336-11	2004	Nevertheless, daily nicotine self-administration seven days per week, for either 1 or 6 h per day, was sufficient to induce long-lasting adaptations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity reflected in spontaneous and antagonist-precipitated somatic signs of withdrawal, possibly reflecting aspects of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	152-184
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	154-162	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
14575899-2	2003	Vc responses to lingually applied pentanoic acid were significantly reduced following nicotine, and this was prevented when the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine was applied before or after nicotine.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
14575899-3	2003	A peripheral site of nicotine cross-desensitization is suggested via a nAChR-mediated reduction in acidic excitation of lingual nociceptors that project to Vc.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
14568345-5	2003	NIC-induced [3H]-NE and [3H]-DA release responses were both calcium-dependent and attenuated by the sodium channel antagonist, tetrodotoxin (TTX) and by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine (MEC) and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), but not by D-tubocurare (D-TC).	Nicotine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	157-162
14555401-0	2003	Increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebellum and hippocampus: differential effects on neonatal brain regional acetylcholinesterase following maternal exposure to combined chlorpyrifos and nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	24-55
14555401-9	2003	A rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was observed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum on PND 30 in female and male offspring of mothers treated with either nicotine or nicotine in combination with chlorpyrifos, but to a lesser extent in males.	Nicotine	197-205	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	10-41
14555401-9	2003	A rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was observed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum on PND 30 in female and male offspring of mothers treated with either nicotine or nicotine in combination with chlorpyrifos, but to a lesser extent in males.	Nicotine	197-205	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
14555401-9	2003	A rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was observed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum on PND 30 in female and male offspring of mothers treated with either nicotine or nicotine in combination with chlorpyrifos, but to a lesser extent in males.	Nicotine	209-217	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	10-41
14555401-9	2003	A rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was observed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cerebellum on PND 30 in female and male offspring of mothers treated with either nicotine or nicotine in combination with chlorpyrifos, but to a lesser extent in males.	Nicotine	209-217	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
14555401-10	2003	Data suggest that maternal exposure to nicotine and chlorpyrifos, alone or in combination, produces differential alterations in brain regional AChE activity and expression of GFAP in cerebellum and hippocampus in offspring on PND 30.	Nicotine	39-47	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
14602824-5	2003	Pretreatment with nicotine decreased glutamate-mediated calcium influx in primary cortical cultures by 41%, an effect that was absent in cultures from knock-out mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR.	Nicotine	18-26	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	178-183
14602824-9	2003	We conclude that neuroprotective effects of nicotine in cortical neurons involve both beta2- and alpha7-containing nAChRs, activation of calcineurin, and decreased intracellular calcium via L-type channels.	Nicotine	44-52	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	86-91
14570768-9	2003	The glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by heterologously expressed UGT1A3, UGT1A4, and UGT1A9 was also determined.	Nicotine	23-31	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A3	Homo sapiens	73-79
14622152-4	2003	Using a previously validated model of in vitro superfusion, we show that the nAChR agonists nicotine (EC50 557 micro m), epibatidine (EC50 317 pm) and cytisine (EC50 4.83 nm) potentiated capsaicin-evoked iCGRP release in a concentration-dependent manner by 123, 70 and 76%, respectively.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
14651807-6	2003	Mecamylamine (a non-specific antagonist of nAChRs) and alpha-bungarotoxin (a specific antagonist of the nAChRalpha7) completely inhibited nicotine-mediated protection against arachidonic acid-induced alterations of BDNF and FGF-2.	Nicotine	138-146	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	215-219
14664825-0	2003	Neuroprotection by nicotine against hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cortical cultures involves activation of multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-147
14664825-1	2003	Activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) by nicotine has been suggested to protect neurons against a hypoxic insult.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
14664825-5	2003	This protective effect of nicotine was prevented by a 30-min pre-incubation with either 100 nM alpha-bungarotoxin or 1 microM dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not 1 microM atropine, suggesting that activation of at least two subtypes of nAChR, alpha7 and beta2* nAChR, is involved in mediating nicotine neuroprotection.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	235-240
14664825-5	2003	This protective effect of nicotine was prevented by a 30-min pre-incubation with either 100 nM alpha-bungarotoxin or 1 microM dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not 1 microM atropine, suggesting that activation of at least two subtypes of nAChR, alpha7 and beta2* nAChR, is involved in mediating nicotine neuroprotection.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	260-265
14568117-1	2003	Modulation of neurotrophic factor expression may constitute an important part of neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	108-116	neurotrophin 3	Homo sapiens	14-33
14624805-8	2003	Patients with ADHD and with a history of nicotine abuse both displayed lower values of DAT density in [99mTc]TRODAT-1 SPECT than non-smokers with ADHD.	Nicotine	41-49	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
14727511-6	2003	Moreover, fura-2-imaging analyses in midbrain slices demonstrated that nicotine-elicited Ca2+ mobilization was diminished in beta 2-/- mice.	Nicotine	71-79	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	125-131
14574223-8	2003	RESULTS: Differences in sensitivity to morphine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine that arose in earlier generations of the FAST-1 and SLOW-1 lines ultimately also appeared in the FAST-2 and SLOW-2 lines.	Nicotine	79-87	forkhead box H1	Mus musculus	129-135
14574223-8	2003	RESULTS: Differences in sensitivity to morphine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine that arose in earlier generations of the FAST-1 and SLOW-1 lines ultimately also appeared in the FAST-2 and SLOW-2 lines.	Nicotine	79-87	forkhead box H1	Mus musculus	185-191
12852831-8	2003	Once nicotine was removed, nAChR recovered from desensitization gradually and the enhanced mAChR activity also subsided along with it.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
12753083-3	2003	The predominant nAChR labeled by agonists in the cerebral cortex is an alpha 4 beta 2 subtype, whereas the predominant nicotinic receptors in the adrenal gland, superior cervical ganglia and pineal gland contain an alpha 3 subunit, and they do not bind either [3H](-)nicotine or [3H]cytisine with high affinity.	Nicotine	267-275	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
12649299-2	2003	We investigated the effect of nicotine and methyllycaconitine (MLA) on the toxicity of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices.	Nicotine	30-38	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
12899731-11	2003	Nicotine also increased Fos-like immunoreactivity in dopamine target areas, an effect that was antagonized with MLA but not with DH beta E. Our data suggest that nicotine"s augmenting effect on burst firing is, indeed, due to stimulation of alpha 7 nicotinic receptors whereas other nicotinic receptors seem to induce an increase in firing frequency.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	24-27
12899731-11	2003	Nicotine also increased Fos-like immunoreactivity in dopamine target areas, an effect that was antagonized with MLA but not with DH beta E. Our data suggest that nicotine"s augmenting effect on burst firing is, indeed, due to stimulation of alpha 7 nicotinic receptors whereas other nicotinic receptors seem to induce an increase in firing frequency.	Nicotine	162-170	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	24-27
12569428-0	2003	The motivational valence of nicotine in the rat ventral tegmental area is switched from rewarding to aversive following blockade of the alpha7-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	162-194
12569428-8	2003	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a functional dissociation between nAChR neural substrates within the VTA that mediate the bivalent motivational properties of nicotine and further suggest that nicotine may produce its motivational effects through a glutamatergic mechanism.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
12642147-8	2003	POMC mRNA in anterior pituitary of nicotine-exposed GD 18 fetuses was reduced, probably as a result of corticosterone feedback.	Nicotine	35-43	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
12558936-0	2003	Induction of c-fos expression by nicotine in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts is related to cellular thiol levels.	Nicotine	33-41	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
12558936-3	2003	To investigate the molecular toxicological implications of cigarette smoking on periodontal tissue, expression of c-fos early stress response gene was examined in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) after exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	228-236	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
12558936-4	2003	The exposure of quiescent human PDLFs to nicotine resulted in the induction of c-fos mRNA expression.	Nicotine	41-49	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
12558936-5	2003	The levels of the c-fos mRNAs increased about 2.5 and 4.8-fold after exposure to 2.5 mm and 10 mm nicotine for 2 h, respectively.	Nicotine	98-106	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
12558936-6	2003	Moreover, the peak of c-fos mRNA levels induced by nicotine was 5 mm at 2-h incubation period.	Nicotine	51-59	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
12558936-7	2003	Kinetic investigations of c-fos mRNA expression in nicotine-treated cells revealed a rapid accumulation of the transcript, a significant signal first detectable after 30 min of exposure.	Nicotine	51-59	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
12558936-8	2003	This increase was transient and the level of c-fos mRNAs returned rapidly to that of control cells by 8 h. To determine whether thiol levels were important in induction of c-fos by nicotine, we pretreated cells with the glutathione (GSH) precursor, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), to boost thiol levels, or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH.	Nicotine	181-189	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
12558936-9	2003	Our results demonstrate that OTZ pretreatment decreased in c-fos mRNA level and BSO pretreatment enhanced in c-fos mRNA level after exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	144-152	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
12558936-13	2003	These results suggest that the nicotine-dependent stress-specific expression of the c-fos gene correlates with cellular thiol levels in human PDLFs.	Nicotine	31-39	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
12504349-2	2003	Hepatic cytochrome P4502A6 (CYP2A6) catalyses the major route of nicotine metabolism: C-oxidation to cotinine, followed by hydroxylation to trans-3"-hydroxycotinine.	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
12504349-7	2003	CYP2A6 is highly polymorphic resulting in functional differences in nicotine C-oxidation both in vitro and in vivo; however, population studies fail to consistently and conclusively demonstrate any associations between variant CYP2A6 alleles encoding for either reduced or enhanced enzyme activity with self-reported smoking behaviour.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
12421819-5	2003	Here we report that nicotine can induce Bcl2 phosphorylation exclusively at the serine 70 site in association with prolonged survival of SCLC H82 cells expressing wild-type but not the phosphorylation-deficient S70A mutant Bcl2 after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. cisplatin or VP-16).	Nicotine	20-28	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	292-297
12488541-0	2003	Down-regulation of hepatic nicotine metabolism and a CYP2A6-like enzyme in African green monkeys after long-term nicotine administration.	Nicotine	113-121	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	53-59
12488541-2	2003	Nicotine is inactivated to cotinine by CYP2A6 in human liver [nicotine C-oxidation (NCO)].	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
12488541-2	2003	Nicotine is inactivated to cotinine by CYP2A6 in human liver [nicotine C-oxidation (NCO)].	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
12488541-4	2003	To evaluate the effects of long-term nicotine treatment on hepatic levels of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6, and nicotine metabolism, an African green monkey (AGM) model was developed.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	77-83
12488541-14	2003	Consistent with the slower nicotine metabolism observed in smokers, nicotine may decrease its own metabolism in primates by decreasing the expression of the primary nicotine-metabolizing enzyme CYP2A6.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	194-200
12488541-14	2003	Consistent with the slower nicotine metabolism observed in smokers, nicotine may decrease its own metabolism in primates by decreasing the expression of the primary nicotine-metabolizing enzyme CYP2A6.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	194-200
12488541-14	2003	Consistent with the slower nicotine metabolism observed in smokers, nicotine may decrease its own metabolism in primates by decreasing the expression of the primary nicotine-metabolizing enzyme CYP2A6.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	194-200
12496936-2	2003	Previous work in rats has shown that cues associated with morphine, cocaine, nicotine or palatable food can elicit enhanced expression of the immediate-early gene product Fos in discrete brain regions.	Nicotine	77-85	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
12472891-0	2002	Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of Akt through epidermal growth factor receptor and Src in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	48-80
12472891-0	2002	Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of Akt through epidermal growth factor receptor and Src in PC12h cells.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
12472891-7	2002	Three epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors prevented the nicotine-induced phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p42/44 MAP kinase, ERK) and Akt.	Nicotine	71-79	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	6-38
12472891-7	2002	Three epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors prevented the nicotine-induced phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p42/44 MAP kinase, ERK) and Akt.	Nicotine	71-79	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
12472891-8	2002	In contrast, an inhibitor of the Src family tyrosine kinase prevented the nicotine-induced Akt phosphorylation but not ERK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	74-82	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
12472891-9	2002	These results suggested that nicotine induces the activation of both PI3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways via common pathways including non-alpha7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase II and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	29-37	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
12472891-9	2002	These results suggested that nicotine induces the activation of both PI3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways via common pathways including non-alpha7-nAChRs, L-type VSCC, CaM kinase II and EGFR in PC12h cells, but Src family tyrosine kinases only participate in the pathway to activate Akt.	Nicotine	29-37	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
12504594-3	2002	We show here that nicotine can alter gene expression in rat hippocampal neurons, as reflected by activation of the transcription factor CREB and appearance of the immediate early gene product c-Fos.	Nicotine	18-26	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	192-197
12445030-0	2002	Genetic polymorphisms in human CYP2A6 gene causing impaired nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	60-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-37
12445030-2	2002	In the study, we found one Korean and four Japanese subjects genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4 who revealed impaired nicotine metabolism, although other many heterozygotes of CYP2A6*4 demonstrated normal nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*4 is a whole deletion type).	Nicotine	115-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
12445030-2	2002	In the study, we found one Korean and four Japanese subjects genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4 who revealed impaired nicotine metabolism, although other many heterozygotes of CYP2A6*4 demonstrated normal nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*4 is a whole deletion type).	Nicotine	115-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	84-90
12445030-2	2002	In the study, we found one Korean and four Japanese subjects genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4 who revealed impaired nicotine metabolism, although other many heterozygotes of CYP2A6*4 demonstrated normal nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*4 is a whole deletion type).	Nicotine	115-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	84-90
12445030-2	2002	In the study, we found one Korean and four Japanese subjects genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4 who revealed impaired nicotine metabolism, although other many heterozygotes of CYP2A6*4 demonstrated normal nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*4 is a whole deletion type).	Nicotine	115-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	84-90
12445030-2	2002	In the study, we found one Korean and four Japanese subjects genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4 who revealed impaired nicotine metabolism, although other many heterozygotes of CYP2A6*4 demonstrated normal nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*4 is a whole deletion type).	Nicotine	202-210	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
12445030-4	2002	The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether the impaired nicotine metabolism can be ascribed to these CYP2A6 alleles.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	114-120
12445030-5	2002	Furthermore, we also determined whether the subjects possessing CYP2A6*1x2 (duplication) reveal higher nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
12445030-7	2002	RESULTS: The five poor metabolizers were re-genotyped as CYP2A6*7/CYP2A6*4, suggesting that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) causing I471T decreases nicotine metabolism in vivo.	Nicotine	155-163	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	57-63
12445030-7	2002	RESULTS: The five poor metabolizers were re-genotyped as CYP2A6*7/CYP2A6*4, suggesting that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) causing I471T decreases nicotine metabolism in vivo.	Nicotine	155-163	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	66-72
12445030-8	2002	Furthermore, we found that two subjects out of five with a lower potency of nicotine metabolism possessed SNPs of CYP2A6*7 and CYP2A6*8 simultaneously.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	114-120
12445030-8	2002	Furthermore, we found that two subjects out of five with a lower potency of nicotine metabolism possessed SNPs of CYP2A6*7 and CYP2A6*8 simultaneously.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	127-133
12445030-12	2002	The CYP2A6*1x2 allele was found in only one Korean subject (0.5%) whose nicotine metabolic potency was not very high.	Nicotine	72-80	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
12445030-13	2002	CONCLUSIONS: It was clarified that the impaired in vivo nicotine metabolism was caused by CYP2A6*7 and CYP2A6*10 alleles.	Nicotine	56-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	90-96
12445030-13	2002	CONCLUSIONS: It was clarified that the impaired in vivo nicotine metabolism was caused by CYP2A6*7 and CYP2A6*10 alleles.	Nicotine	56-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	103-109
12487152-5	2002	There are large interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism, and it has been found that the interindividual differences are attributed to the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2A6 gene.	Nicotine	47-55	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	174-180
12487152-7	2002	The relationship between CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism and potency of nicotine metabolism, smoking behavior, and cancer risk are extensively reviewed.	Nicotine	68-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
12487152-8	2002	Finally, the usefulness of nicotine metabolism for phenotyping of CYP2A6 in individuals and implication of the significance of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism in a clinical perspective are discussed.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	66-72
12384238-13	2002	The GABA(A) antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin significantly blocked the analgesic effects of muscimol as well as that of (-)nicotine and (+)epibatidine.	Nicotine	129-137	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	4-11
12438101-6	2002	Cholinergic activation strongly activated the ERK1/ERK2 cascade and p38 MAP kinase, but only p38 MAP kinase appeared to play a role, however minor, in nicotine-induced glucose uptake.	Nicotine	151-159	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Bos taurus	93-96
12110967-3	2002	Microinjections (1 microl) of histamine, serotonin (5-HT), nicotine, capsaicin, or formalin each elicited similar distributions of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in laminae I-II of the ipsilateral superficial dorsal horn, with little or no FLI in deeper laminae or contralaterally.	Nicotine	59-67	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
12027252-0	2002	Nicotine modulation of in vitro human gingival fibroblast beta1 integrin expression.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	58-72
12027252-3	2002	This study"s aim was to evaluate nicotine"s effects on beta1 integrin expression as a function of either 1) the generalized effects on RNA/protein synthesis or 2) as a specific modulation of beta1 integrin synthesis.	Nicotine	33-41	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	55-69
12027252-3	2002	This study"s aim was to evaluate nicotine"s effects on beta1 integrin expression as a function of either 1) the generalized effects on RNA/protein synthesis or 2) as a specific modulation of beta1 integrin synthesis.	Nicotine	33-41	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	191-205
12027252-8	2002	RESULTS: After 17 hours of exposure, 0.4 and 0.8 microM nicotine resulted in a dose-dependent increase in beta1 integrin in whole cell lysates, and a decrease in beta1 integrin in the corresponding membrane-enriched fractions.	Nicotine	56-64	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	106-120
12027252-8	2002	RESULTS: After 17 hours of exposure, 0.4 and 0.8 microM nicotine resulted in a dose-dependent increase in beta1 integrin in whole cell lysates, and a decrease in beta1 integrin in the corresponding membrane-enriched fractions.	Nicotine	56-64	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	162-176
12027252-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that nicotine may induce an altered compartmentalization process in which beta1 integrin molecules are produced, but are not appropriately transferred to the membrane.	Nicotine	38-46	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	107-121
12027252-12	2002	Nicotine effects on cellular protein synthesis and its modulation of beta1 integrin expression may impair gingival fibroblast ability to adhere to and communicate with one another and with the extracellular matrix, which could impair wound healing and/or exacerbate periodontal disease.	Nicotine	0-8	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-83
11904622-13	2002	Decreased integrin expressions of CD62L, CD11a, and CD11b were observed on neutrophils after exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	105-113	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	52-57
11904622-14	2002	CONCLUSION: Nicotine exerts inhibitory effects on both endothelial cell surface intercellular adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil integrin expressions of CD62L, CD11a, and CD11b in vitro.	Nicotine	12-20	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	180-185
11790724-10	2002	Inhibition of alpha4beta2, either pharmacological (i.e., an alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist) or molecular (beta2-/- knockout mice), abolished the protective effect of nicotine in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the involvement of alpha4beta2 nAChR in neonatal nicotine-related neuroprotection.	Nicotine	164-172	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	20-25
11790724-10	2002	Inhibition of alpha4beta2, either pharmacological (i.e., an alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist) or molecular (beta2-/- knockout mice), abolished the protective effect of nicotine in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the involvement of alpha4beta2 nAChR in neonatal nicotine-related neuroprotection.	Nicotine	255-263	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	20-25
11955523-0	2002	The role of nicotinic receptor beta-2 subunits in nicotine discrimination and conditioned taste aversion.	Nicotine	50-58	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	31-37
11818389-14	2002	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pretreatment of cultured rat retinal neurons with ACh or the nAChR agonists, nicotine and carbachol, has a protective action against glutamate neurotoxicity through nAChRs and that the dopamine release induced by nicotinic stimulation subsequently protects the retinal neurons by way of dopamine D1 receptors.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
11805739-0	2002	Genetic variation in CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism alters smoking behavior.	Nicotine	37-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
11805739-3	2002	The genetically polymorphic CYP2A6 enzyme is responsible for the majority of the metabolic inactivation of nicotine to cotinine (12-14).	Nicotine	107-115	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
11805739-5	2002	CYP2A6 is genetically polymorphic, individuals carrying inactive CYP2A6 alleles have decreased nicotine metabolism, are less likely to become smokers and if they do, they smoke fewer cigarettes per day (13,18,19).	Nicotine	95-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
11805739-5	2002	CYP2A6 is genetically polymorphic, individuals carrying inactive CYP2A6 alleles have decreased nicotine metabolism, are less likely to become smokers and if they do, they smoke fewer cigarettes per day (13,18,19).	Nicotine	95-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
11805739-7	2002	A duplication variant in the CYP2A6 gene locus has been identified which increases nicotine inactivation and increases smoking (19).	Nicotine	83-91	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
11805739-10	2002	Kinetic studies in humans indicated that selective CYP2A6 inhibitors decrease the metabolic removal of nicotine.	Nicotine	103-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	51-57
11805739-11	2002	It was also shown that inhibiting CYP2A6 in vivo (phenocopying, or mimicking the genetic defect) in smokers results in decreased smoking, making nicotine orally bioavailable, and the rerouting of procarcinogens to detoxifying pathways (20-22).	Nicotine	145-153	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
11850060-0	2002	Nicotine exposure during a postnatal critical period alters NR2A and NR2B mRNA expression in rat auditory forebrain.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
11684081-0	2001	Short-term effects of transdermal nicotine on acute tissue plasminogen activator release in vivo in man.	Nicotine	34-42	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	52-80
11684081-8	2001	Compared with placebo, nicotine administration increased the substance-P-induced release of t-PA antigen and activity (P&lt;0.05 for both) without an effect on endothelium-dependent or -independent vasodilatation.	Nicotine	23-31	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	92-96
11684081-9	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Short-term transdermal nicotine treatment does not affect endothelium-dependent vasomotion but does increase substance-P-induced t-PA release in vivo in man.	Nicotine	36-44	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	142-146
11684081-11	2001	The long-term effects of nicotine exposure, including the potential to cause depletion of endothelial t-PA stores, now needs to be assessed.	Nicotine	25-33	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	102-106
11682702-6	2001	The data showed that nicotine significantly blocked the formation of the DEX-induced 17-kDa caspase-3 subunit expression.	Nicotine	21-29	caspase 3	Mus musculus	92-101
11682702-8	2001	Addition of d-tubocurarine chloride (dTC), a general nicotinic receptor antagonist, inhibited nicotine downregulation of the DEX-induced active caspase-3 expression, providing evidence that this action of nicotine was receptor-mediated.	Nicotine	94-102	caspase 3	Mus musculus	144-153
11682702-8	2001	Addition of d-tubocurarine chloride (dTC), a general nicotinic receptor antagonist, inhibited nicotine downregulation of the DEX-induced active caspase-3 expression, providing evidence that this action of nicotine was receptor-mediated.	Nicotine	205-213	caspase 3	Mus musculus	144-153
11701716-6	2001	In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that chronic nicotine exposure resulted in a significant decrease in arcuate NPY mRNA expression in the neonatal monkeys.	Nicotine	56-64	neuropeptide Y	Macaca mulatta	120-123
11701716-7	2001	In addition, there was a 2-fold increase in POMC mRNA in the arcuate nucleus in the nicotine-exposed group.	Nicotine	84-92	proopiomelanocortin	Macaca mulatta	44-48
11701752-6	2001	Calcium imaging experiments showed that alpha7-containing nAChR subtypes were functional at 1 microM of nicotine in the nicotine-induced calcium influx, and non-alpha7 nAChRs were prominent in the Ca(2+) influx at 50 microM of nicotine.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
11701752-6	2001	Calcium imaging experiments showed that alpha7-containing nAChR subtypes were functional at 1 microM of nicotine in the nicotine-induced calcium influx, and non-alpha7 nAChRs were prominent in the Ca(2+) influx at 50 microM of nicotine.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
11701752-6	2001	Calcium imaging experiments showed that alpha7-containing nAChR subtypes were functional at 1 microM of nicotine in the nicotine-induced calcium influx, and non-alpha7 nAChRs were prominent in the Ca(2+) influx at 50 microM of nicotine.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
11694204-1	2001	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists have been shown previously to decrease nicotine self-administration and precipitate elevations in brain reward thresholds and somatic signs of withdrawal in animals chronically exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
11694204-1	2001	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists have been shown previously to decrease nicotine self-administration and precipitate elevations in brain reward thresholds and somatic signs of withdrawal in animals chronically exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
11694204-1	2001	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists have been shown previously to decrease nicotine self-administration and precipitate elevations in brain reward thresholds and somatic signs of withdrawal in animals chronically exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	241-249	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
11694204-1	2001	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists have been shown previously to decrease nicotine self-administration and precipitate elevations in brain reward thresholds and somatic signs of withdrawal in animals chronically exposed to nicotine.	Nicotine	241-249	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
11694204-7	2001	In conclusion, the alpha 7 nAChR subtype appears to play a significant role in the reinforcing effects of acute nicotine administered intravenously, but not in nicotine dependence, as reflected in the lack of precipitation of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome in nicotine-treated animals.	Nicotine	112-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
11702093-3	2001	However, anatomical studies of Fos expression suggest that nicotine targets primarily non-cholinergic neurons in the PPTg, especially GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons.	Nicotine	59-67	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
11514508-0	2001	Gene cluster on pAO1 of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans involved in degradation of the plant alkaloid nicotine: cloning, purification, and characterization of 2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-hydroxylase.	Nicotine	98-106	hph	Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans	155-190
11525784-0	2001	The selective sigma(1) receptor agonist, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(phenylpropyl)piperazine (SA4503), blocks the acquisition of the conditioned place preference response to (-)-nicotine in rats.	Nicotine	176-188	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-31
11247836-0	2001	Prenatal nicotine alters vigilance states and AchR gene expression in the neonatal rat: implications for SIDS.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
11259349-0	2001	Variable CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism alters smoking behavior and risk.	Nicotine	25-33	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
11259349-2	2001	In humans, 70 to 80% of nicotine is metabolized to the inactive metabolite cotinine by the enzyme CYP2A6.	Nicotine	24-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	98-104
11259349-4	2001	In initial studies we found that there was an under-representation of individuals carrying defective CYP2A6 alleles in a tobacco-dependent population, and that among smokers, those with deficient nicotine metabolism smoked fewer cigarettes.	Nicotine	196-204	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	101-107
11259349-8	2001	Both kinetic and behavioral experiments in human smokers demonstrated that inhibiting CYP2A6 in vivo decreased nicotine metabolism and smoking behavior.	Nicotine	111-119	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	86-92
11338295-0	2001	Effect of nicotine on fibroblast beta 1 integrin expression and distribution in vitro.	Nicotine	10-18	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-48
11338295-2	2001	The purpose of this study was to determine nicotine"s effect on the expression and distribution of the beta 1 integrin subunit on the human gingival fibroblast cell surface.	Nicotine	43-51	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	103-118
11338295-7	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 microM significantly decrease beta 1 integrin expression in human gingival fibroblasts that may affect cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion during wound healing.	Nicotine	13-21	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	82-97
11237731-1	2001	CYP2A6 is known as a major cytochrome P450 (CYP) responsible for the oxidation of nicotine and coumarin in humans.	Nicotine	82-90	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
11237731-7	2001	These data suggest that individuals homozygous for the T1412C variant allele or heterozygous for this and a defect allele such as the CYP2A6*4 may be poor metabolizer of nicotine, but not coumarin.	Nicotine	170-178	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	134-140
11285026-6	2001	Similarly, acute nicotine significantly increased 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 and CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus 2 h and 24 h after injection.	Nicotine	17-25	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
11230874-4	2001	Nicotine-induced protection was blocked by an alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, and an Src inhibitor.	Nicotine	0-8	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
11230875-3	2001	The central hypothesis guiding this review is that nicotine may play an important role in APP secretion and protection against toxicity induced by APP metabolic fragments (beta-amyloid [Abeta], carboxyl terminal [CT]).	Nicotine	51-59	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
11230875-5	2001	In addition, pretreatment of nicotine (>10 micromol/L for 24 hours) partially prevented Abeta or CT(105)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured neuron cells, and the effects of nicotine-induced protection were inhibited by the pretreatment with a nicotine alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	29-37	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
11230875-7	2001	From these results, we proposed that nicotine or nicotinic receptor agonist treatment might improve the cognitive functions not only by supplementation of cholinergic neurotransmission, but also by protecting Abeta- or CT(105)-induced neurotoxicity probably through the increased release of APPs and the activation of nicotinic receptors.	Nicotine	37-45	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	209-214
11159795-0	2001	Genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene: implications for interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	112-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	29-48
11159795-0	2001	Genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene: implications for interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	112-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	50-56
11159795-1	2001	During the last couple of years, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6; coumarin 7-hydroxylase) has received a lot of attention because it has been shown that it is the principle human nicotine C-oxidase.	Nicotine	175-183	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	33-52
11159795-1	2001	During the last couple of years, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6; coumarin 7-hydroxylase) has received a lot of attention because it has been shown that it is the principle human nicotine C-oxidase.	Nicotine	175-183	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	54-60
11159795-1	2001	During the last couple of years, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6; coumarin 7-hydroxylase) has received a lot of attention because it has been shown that it is the principle human nicotine C-oxidase.	Nicotine	175-183	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	62-84
11159795-6	2001	Because of the importance of CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolism, it has been suggested that the CYP2A6 genotype influences the interindividual differences in smoking behavior as well as lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
11159795-6	2001	Because of the importance of CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolism, it has been suggested that the CYP2A6 genotype influences the interindividual differences in smoking behavior as well as lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	39-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	91-97
11286758-4	2001	Functional polymorphisms in CYTOCHROME P450 monooxygenases that metabolize nicotine have now been defined and it should soon be possible to identify fast nicotine metabolizers by DNA analysis.	Nicotine	75-83	uncharacterized protein LOC107819388	Nicotiana tabacum	28-43
11286758-4	2001	Functional polymorphisms in CYTOCHROME P450 monooxygenases that metabolize nicotine have now been defined and it should soon be possible to identify fast nicotine metabolizers by DNA analysis.	Nicotine	154-162	uncharacterized protein LOC107819388	Nicotiana tabacum	28-43
11180041-0	2001	Relationship between interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism in humans.	Nicotine	52-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	76-82
11180041-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Nicotine is mainly metabolized to cotinine by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	12-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	58-83
11180041-2	2001	Previously, we found that the CYP2A6 gene was deleted homozygously in one subject who was deficient in cotinine formation from nicotine.	Nicotine	127-135	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	30-36
11180041-3	2001	OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to clarify the relationship between interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism.	Nicotine	96-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	120-126
11180041-13	2001	The probit plot of the cotinine-nicotine ratio was not linear; this possibly indicated the existence of a novel mutation in the CYP2A6 gene genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	128-134
11180041-13	2001	The probit plot of the cotinine-nicotine ratio was not linear; this possibly indicated the existence of a novel mutation in the CYP2A6 gene genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	153-159
11180041-13	2001	The probit plot of the cotinine-nicotine ratio was not linear; this possibly indicated the existence of a novel mutation in the CYP2A6 gene genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4.	Nicotine	32-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	153-159
11180041-14	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism in humans was proved.	Nicotine	69-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
11145999-8	2001	Mice heterozygous for the beta 2 subunit null mutation showed decreased dopamine release evoked by L-nicotine with no apparent change in EC(50) value, as well as similar decreases in both transient and persistent phases of release with no changes in desensitization rates.	Nicotine	99-109	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	26-32
11059829-10	2000	Glutamine synthetase activity was lower in glial cells exposed to 100 or 500 microM of nicotine.	Nicotine	87-95	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
10991961-4	2000	This effect of repeated nicotine is dependent on mecamylamine (MEC)-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and endogenous opioid peptides.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	78-110
10991961-4	2000	This effect of repeated nicotine is dependent on mecamylamine (MEC)-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation and endogenous opioid peptides.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
10999944-1	2000	In humans, 80% of nicotine is metabolized to the inactive metabolite cotinine by the enzyme CYP2A6, which can also activate tobacco smoke procarcinogens (e.g., 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone).	Nicotine	18-26	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
10999944-2	2000	Previously, we demonstrated that individuals who are nicotine-dependent and have defective CYP2A6 alleles (*2, *3) smoked fewer cigarettes; however, we recognize that the genotyping method used for the CYP2A6*3 allele gave a high false-positive rate.	Nicotine	53-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	91-97
10999944-2	2000	Previously, we demonstrated that individuals who are nicotine-dependent and have defective CYP2A6 alleles (*2, *3) smoked fewer cigarettes; however, we recognize that the genotyping method used for the CYP2A6*3 allele gave a high false-positive rate.	Nicotine	53-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	202-208
11044732-8	2000	We hypothesize that the difference in nicotine-induced DA release in the striatum of FSL and FRL rats depends on the difference in nAChR subunit expression in the striatum between the two lines.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
11044743-2	2000	However, the mechanisms by which nAChR function in developing and mature brain is affected by a smoker"s level of nicotine (50-500 nM) remain unclear.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
11044743-5	2000	Continuous exposure for 10-15 min of the neurons to nicotine (0.5-2.5 microM) inhibited alpha7 nAChR-mediated currents (IC(50)=640 nM) evoked by choline (10 mM).	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
11044751-0	2000	Nicotine-induced fos expression in the pedunculopontine mesencephalic tegmentum in the rat.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
11044751-1	2000	The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single dose of nicotine (NIC, 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.), after survival times of 30, 60 or 120 min, on immediate early gene expression in the pedunculopontine mesencephalic tegmentum (PMT), using Fos-immunocytochemistry.	Nicotine	68-76	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	247-250
11038246-4	2000	The nicotine-induced increase in DBI mRNA expression was inhibited by L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) inhibitors such as verapamil, calmodulin antagonist (W-7), and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAM II kinase) inhibitor (KN-62), whereas P/Q- and N-type VDCC inhibitors showed no effects.	Nicotine	4-12	calmodulin 2	Mus musculus	147-157
10973847-4	2000	METHODS AND RESULTS: Effects of nicotine on Kv4.3 and Kv4.2 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes were studied at the whole-cell and single-channel levels.	Nicotine	32-40	potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	44-49
10973847-10	2000	Of the total inhibition of Kv4.3 and I:(to) by nicotine, 40% was due to tonic block and 60% was attributable to use-dependent block.	Nicotine	47-55	potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	27-32
10973847-12	2000	Nicotine reduced single-channel conductance, open probability, and open time but increased the closed time of Kv4.3.	Nicotine	0-8	potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	110-115
11281276-5	2000	This suggests that a smoking subject with a genotype predicted to confer 50% of the ability to eliminate nicotine via the CYP2A6 pathway has almost twice the likelihood of quitting smoking.	Nicotine	105-113	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	122-128
10973123-1	2000	The author reports a case of non-familial episodic ataxia responsive to acetazolamide, clinically similar to episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), in which nicotine is a possible factor in the origin of the ataxic episodes.	Nicotine	149-157	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Homo sapiens	109-131
10973123-1	2000	The author reports a case of non-familial episodic ataxia responsive to acetazolamide, clinically similar to episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), in which nicotine is a possible factor in the origin of the ataxic episodes.	Nicotine	149-157	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Homo sapiens	133-137
10924081-4	2000	Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that propranolol and preferential beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists (ICI-118,551 and butoxamine), in a concentration-dependent manner, blocked the relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) without affecting the relaxation elicited by transmural nerve stimulation (TNS, 8 Hz).	Nicotine	231-239	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	97-117
10679230-0	2000	Nicotine binding to native and substituted peptides comprising residues 188-207 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, and alpha7 subunits.	Nicotine	0-8	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	140-146
10679230-4	2000	The following nonconservative substitutions in the alpha4 peptide resulted in a significant decrease in nicotine affinity for the peptide: Y190A, Y190D, C192G, E195A, E195-, P199A, P199-, and Y203A.	Nicotine	104-112	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-57
10679230-5	2000	Substitution of alpha4P199 with a leucine which is present in the alpha1 sequence decreased the affinity of the alpha4 peptide for nicotine and substitution of alpha1L199 with a proline (alpha4) or a glutamine (alpha3) increased the affinity of the alpha1 peptide.	Nicotine	131-139	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
10679230-5	2000	Substitution of alpha4P199 with a leucine which is present in the alpha1 sequence decreased the affinity of the alpha4 peptide for nicotine and substitution of alpha1L199 with a proline (alpha4) or a glutamine (alpha3) increased the affinity of the alpha1 peptide.	Nicotine	131-139	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	112-118
10679230-6	2000	It is concluded that aromatic residues contribute to the binding site for nicotine on the alpha4 subunit and that the residue present at position 199 partly determines differences in nicotine affinity for different alpha subunits.	Nicotine	74-82	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	90-96
10662821-0	2000	Nicotine enhances the biosynthesis and secretion of transthyretin from the choroid plexus in rats: implications for beta-amyloid formation.	Nicotine	0-8	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	52-65
10662821-5	2000	Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis confirmed these DD-PCR findings and demonstrated that nicotine increased TTR mRNA levels in these regions in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	Nicotine	116-124	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
10662821-6	2000	Significantly higher TTR protein concentrations were also detected in the ventricular CSF of nicotine-treated rats.	Nicotine	93-101	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
10662821-8	2000	Immunohistochemical analysis showed that immunoreactive TTR was 41.5% lower in the choroid plexus of nicotine-treated rats compared with the saline controls.	Nicotine	101-109	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
10662821-9	2000	On the basis of these data, we speculate that the protective effects of nicotine on the development of AD may be attributable, in part, to the increased biosynthesis and secretion of TTR from the choroid plexus.	Nicotine	72-80	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
10663434-6	2000	Chronic treatment with (+)- and (-)-nicotine significantly increased nAChR binding in different brain regions.	Nicotine	32-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
10663384-9	2000	Kinetic analysis showed that two CYP2A6(*)1/(*)2 individuals had a very low ratio of V(max) to K(m) for nicotine C-oxidation as well as coumarin 7-hydroxylation in liver microsomes, compared with those of homozygous CYP2A6(*)1-type.	Nicotine	104-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
10663384-9	2000	Kinetic analysis showed that two CYP2A6(*)1/(*)2 individuals had a very low ratio of V(max) to K(m) for nicotine C-oxidation as well as coumarin 7-hydroxylation in liver microsomes, compared with those of homozygous CYP2A6(*)1-type.	Nicotine	104-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	216-222
10668854-0	2000	Deficient cotinine formation from nicotine is attributed to the whole deletion of the CYP2A6 gene in humans.	Nicotine	34-42	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	86-92
10668854-1	2000	Nicotine is mainly metabolized to cotinine by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	46-71
10665822-7	2000	In the presence of mecamylamine (a noncompetitive nAChR antagonist), the increase in DA content of striatal dialysate samples induced by either nicotine or lobeline was attenuated.	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
10579804-0	2000	Selective c-fos induction and decreased dopamine release in the central nucleus of amygdala in rats displaying a mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal syndrome.	Nicotine	139-147	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
10579804-1	2000	In the present study the neuronal expression of Fos, the protein product of c-fos, was used to study changes in neuronal activity in nerve terminal regions of the ascending dopaminergic system during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	200-208	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
10579804-1	2000	In the present study the neuronal expression of Fos, the protein product of c-fos, was used to study changes in neuronal activity in nerve terminal regions of the ascending dopaminergic system during nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	200-208	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
10579804-9	2000	These results indicate that the mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal reaction is accompanied by a selective induction of c-fos and a concurrent decrease in DA release in the CNA, which may have a bearing on symptoms such as anxiety and distress, which frequently are associated with the nicotine abstinence reaction in humans.	Nicotine	58-66	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
10660761-9	2000	SMCs exposed to (-)-nicotine concentration of 6 x 10(-7) mol/L and 6 x 10(-8) mol/L had a significant alteration in the expression of alpha-actin fibers, vimentin, and beta-tubulin compared with control.	Nicotine	20-28	vimentin	Bos taurus	154-162
10565842-9	1999	We conclude that the metabolism of cotinine is slower in blacks than in whites because of both slower oxidative metabolism of nicotine to cotinine (presumably via cytochrome P-450 2A6) and slower N-glucuronidation.	Nicotine	126-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	163-183
10547086-6	1999	These changes were similar before and after nicotine gum.	Nicotine	44-52	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	53-56
10547086-9	1999	In conclusion, nicotine-replacement therapy by using nicotine gum does not reduce the surface area of normal and diseased coronary segments and does not enhance the constricting effect of sympathetic stimulation produced by the cold pressor test.	Nicotine	15-23	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	62-65
10547086-10	1999	Thus nicotine gum may be considered a relatively safe drug in patients who need nicotine-replacement therapy to stop smoking.	Nicotine	5-13	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	14-17
10544257-0	1999	Identification and characterisation of novel polymorphisms in the CYP2A locus: implications for nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	96-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	66-71
10544257-4	1999	Among Caucasians, an additional defective and frequently distributed allele (CYP2A6*3) has been suggested to play a protective role against nicotine addiction and cigarette consumption.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	77-83
10510277-1	1999	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is the principal human enzyme catalyzing coumarin 7-hydroxylation and is known to be involved in the metabolism of halothane, nicotine, and metabolic activation of butadiene and nitrosamines.	Nicotine	152-160	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-25
10530917-7	1999	The fluorescence intensity of ICAM-1 (CD54) analysed by flow cytometry was also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were treated with nicotine and/or arecoline.	Nicotine	164-172	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	30-36
10530917-7	1999	The fluorescence intensity of ICAM-1 (CD54) analysed by flow cytometry was also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were treated with nicotine and/or arecoline.	Nicotine	164-172	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
10530917-8	1999	Nicotine and arecoline therefore significantly increased IL-1 alpha and -1 beta secretions and the surface expression of ICAM-1 in KB CCL17 cells.	Nicotine	0-8	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	121-127
10556924-8	1999	5 We conclude that high concentrations of guanethidine (&gt; or =10 microM) block nicotine-induced NANC relaxations of longitudinal muscle strips of the rat gastric fundus most likely at the level of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	204-236
10481840-2	1999	The nAChR antagonist mecamylamine administered systemically in chronically nicotine-treated rats elicits a behavioral withdrawal syndrome concomitant with a reduced DA output in the nucleus accumbens (NAC).	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
10479714-0	1999	The effects of acute nicotine on the metabolism of dopamine and the expression of Fos protein in striatal and limbic brain areas of rats during chronic nicotine infusion and its withdrawal.	Nicotine	21-29	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
10479714-0	1999	The effects of acute nicotine on the metabolism of dopamine and the expression of Fos protein in striatal and limbic brain areas of rats during chronic nicotine infusion and its withdrawal.	Nicotine	152-160	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
10479714-7	1999	Acute nicotine increased Fos immunostaining (IS) in the caudate-putamen (CPU), the core of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), the cingulate cortex (Cg), and the central nucleus of amygdala (ACe) significantly.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
10460794-3	1999	Nicotine, administered in a nutritionally balanced liquid diet, at a level of 20 (low), 60 (medium), or 200 (high) mg/kg of diet, induced CYP1A1 in the lung and kidney in a dose-dependent manner and in the liver at the high nicotine dose only, whereas CYP1A2 was induced in the liver dose-dependently and in the kidney at the high nicotine dose only.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	252-258
10461217-6	1999	The second, previously undescribed, acetylcholine receptor was activated by nicotine, desensitized rapidly and was selectively blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, thus explaining the residual motility of unc-38 and unc-29 mutants.	Nicotine	76-84	Betaine receptor acr-23	Caenorhabditis elegans	36-58
10448083-0	1999	The significance of the homozygous CYP2A6 deletion on nicotine metabolism: a new genotyping method of CYP2A6 using a single PCR-RFLP.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	35-41
10448083-0	1999	The significance of the homozygous CYP2A6 deletion on nicotine metabolism: a new genotyping method of CYP2A6 using a single PCR-RFLP.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	102-108
10448083-7	1999	This study provides a firm experimental basis for correlating genotypic characterization of CYP2A6 with phenotypic expression of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	129-137	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
10454762-7	1999	In contrast, methyllycaconitine inhibited the nicotine-induced response only at 21:00 h. Since alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have low affinity for nicotine in binding assays, we suggest that a mixed population composed of alpha3ss4 - plus alpha7-bearing nAChR subtypes is present at night.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
10454762-7	1999	In contrast, methyllycaconitine inhibited the nicotine-induced response only at 21:00 h. Since alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have low affinity for nicotine in binding assays, we suggest that a mixed population composed of alpha3ss4 - plus alpha7-bearing nAChR subtypes is present at night.	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
10208381-5	1999	In another set of studies, pretreatment with subcutaneous mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in nicotine self-administration, at two nicotine doses (0.03 and 0.06 mg/kg/inf).	Nicotine	204-212	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	105-137
10350185-8	1999	These results support the view that CYP2A6 has major roles for nicotine C-oxidation at lower substrate concentration and both CYP2A6 and 2B6 play roles at higher substrate concentrations in human liver microsomes.	Nicotine	63-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	36-42
10091324-8	1999	The results imply that the NI-C variant is an improved pep4 strain that can be used for heterologous expression and for the development of new selective markers in the yeast transformation system.	Nicotine	27-31	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
10229709-5	1999	Effects of cholinesterase inhibitors exhibit many similarities to those of nicotine.	Nicotine	75-83	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	11-25
10082289-2	1999	To investigate the prevalence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), immunohistochemistry for alpha4 and alpha7 subunits, which represent nAChRs with high binding affinities for nicotine and alpha-bungarotoxin, respectively, was performed on perfusion-fixed rat brain sections.	Nicotine	184-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-65
10082289-2	1999	To investigate the prevalence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), immunohistochemistry for alpha4 and alpha7 subunits, which represent nAChRs with high binding affinities for nicotine and alpha-bungarotoxin, respectively, was performed on perfusion-fixed rat brain sections.	Nicotine	184-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
9764926-11	1998	Nicotine affected the binding of Hepa 1c1c7 cytosolic protein to a CYP1A1 xenobiotic response element in a gel mobility shift assay, suggesting involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and transcriptional activation in CYP1A1 induction by the chemical.	Nicotine	0-8	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Rattus norvegicus	163-188
9661252-0	1998	Inducibility of c-Fos protein in visuo-motor system and limbic structures after acute and repeated administration of nicotine in the rat.	Nicotine	117-125	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
9661252-1	1998	To identify neuroanatomical substrates affected by nicotine, we have studied its effects after acute and repeated administration through the c-Fos protein inducibility in various brain structures.	Nicotine	51-59	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
9661252-2	1998	Ninety minutes after acute nicotine (0.35 mg/kg, s.c.) the number of c-Fos-like immunoreactive nuclei was consistently increased in visuo-motor structures such as the superior colliculus, the medial terminal nucleus of accessory optic tract, and the nucleus of the optic tract.	Nicotine	27-35	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
9661252-5	1998	In chronically treated rats (0.35 mg/kg s.c., 3 x day for 14 days), the last nicotine injection given on the 15th day was still able to induce 90 minutes later c-Fos protein in visuo-motor, retino-limbic, subcortical, and cortical limbic structures.	Nicotine	77-85	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	160-165
9661252-7	1998	c-Fos induction after nicotine differs from that reported after other addictive drugs in terms of pattern and chronic inducibility, indicating that different mechanisms are involved for maintaining this transcription factor.	Nicotine	22-30	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
9749753-2	1998	The major isoform of nAChR in the brain is made up of the alpha4 and beta2 subunits and possesses a high affinity for nicotine.	Nicotine	118-126	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	69-74
9697973-7	1998	CA3 pyramidal neurons showed significantly less apical dendritic thorny excrescence after gestational nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	102-110	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9697973-8	1998	Ultrastructurally the granule cells and the pyramidal neurons of the CA3 and CA1 regions showed increase in free ribosomes and dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi apparatus cisternae in the nicotine-treated group.	Nicotine	212-220	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
9776381-0	1998	Nicotine prevents glutamate-induced proteolysis of the microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 and glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons.	Nicotine	0-8	microtubule associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
9776381-6	1998	Nicotine prevents glutamate-induced proteolysis of the microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 and disaggregation of the neuronal microtubular network.	Nicotine	0-8	microtubule associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
9614223-8	1998	Type 2 nAChRs contain the beta2 subunit because they are absent in beta2 -/- mice, bind all nicotinic agonists used with high affinity (excluding alpha-bungarotoxin), have an order of potency for nicotine &gt;&gt; cytisine in electrophysiological experiments, and are likely to be composed of alpha4 beta2 in most brain regions, with other alpha subunits contributing in specific areas.	Nicotine	196-204	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	26-31
9593977-2	1998	Administration of nicotine protected against Abeta-induced neuronal death.	Nicotine	18-26	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
9631434-0	1998	(-)-Nicotine increases mRNA encoding G3PDH and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in vivo.	Nicotine	4-12	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	51-86
9631434-1	1998	The effects of acute in vivo (-)-nicotine exposure on neuronal expression of mRNA encoding the vesicular acetylcholine transport (VAChT) and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) were examined.	Nicotine	33-41	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	95-128
9631434-1	1998	The effects of acute in vivo (-)-nicotine exposure on neuronal expression of mRNA encoding the vesicular acetylcholine transport (VAChT) and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) were examined.	Nicotine	33-41	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
9631434-3	1998	In cerebral cortex, levels of cDNA derived from the VAChT mRNA were increased by &gt; 65% above control levels 1 h after (-)-nicotine (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) exposure.	Nicotine	125-133	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
9276735-9	1997	KCREB, a dominant negative mutant of the CRE-binding protein CREB, blunted activation of chromogranin A transcription by nicotine, phorbol ester, or membrane depolarization.	Nicotine	121-129	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	1-5
9316878-0	1997	A major role for CYP2A6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	17-23
9316878-7	1997	CYP2A6 appears to be the major P450 involved in human nicotine metabolism to cotinine.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
9316878-11	1997	Immunochemically determined CYP2A6 correlated significantly with nicotine-to-cotinine V(max) values (r = .90, n = 30, P &lt; .001) and to inhibition of nicotine metabolism by coumarin (r = .94, n = 30, P &lt; .001).	Nicotine	65-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
9316878-11	1997	Immunochemically determined CYP2A6 correlated significantly with nicotine-to-cotinine V(max) values (r = .90, n = 30, P &lt; .001) and to inhibition of nicotine metabolism by coumarin (r = .94, n = 30, P &lt; .001).	Nicotine	152-160	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
9316878-12	1997	These data indicate that nicotine metabolism is highly variable among individual livers and that this is due to variable expression of CYP2A6, not CYP2D6.	Nicotine	25-33	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	135-141
9359598-5	1997	- 60 mV), ACh induced a hexamethonium-sensitive, inward current (IACh), mimicked by nicotine application, suggesting the presence of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	142-175
9359598-5	1997	- 60 mV), ACh induced a hexamethonium-sensitive, inward current (IACh), mimicked by nicotine application, suggesting the presence of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	177-182
9143352-7	1997	The following chemicals were classified as strong inhibitors of CYP2A6 (defined by Ki &lt; 200 microM): clotrimazole, diethyldithiocarbamate, ellipticine, ketoconazole, 8-methoxypsoralen, 4-methylpyrazole, metyrapone, miconazole, alpha-naphthoflavone, nicotine, p-nitrophenol, and tranylcypromine.	Nicotine	252-260	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
9109524-1	1997	The chronic administration of nicotine to animals has been shown to result in an increase in brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	99-131
9109524-1	1997	The chronic administration of nicotine to animals has been shown to result in an increase in brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
9178349-0	1997	Interaction of nicotine and a H2-receptor antagonist, famotidine, on gastrin and chromogranin A expression.	Nicotine	15-23	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	69-76
9178349-2	1997	In addition, the effects of nicotine on gene expression for gastrin and chromogranin A (CGA) in the stomach were examined.	Nicotine	28-36	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	60-67
9098543-0	1997	Cryptic brain cell injury caused by fetal nicotine exposure is associated with persistent elevations of c-fos protooncogene expression.	Nicotine	42-50	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
9098543-2	1997	In the current study, pregnant rats were given nicotine by implanted minipump infusion either from gestational days 4-12 or 4-21 and fetal and neonatal brain regions were examined for expression of the mRNA encoding c-fos, a nuclear transcription factor that becomes chronically elevated when cell injury or apoptosis are occurring.	Nicotine	47-55	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	216-221
9098543-5	1997	In contrast to the elevation of c-fos seen with prenatal nicotine, postnatal nicotine injections given to 2-day-old rats did not cause acute stimulation of c-fos expression.	Nicotine	57-65	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
9098543-6	1997	The ability of injected nicotine to evoke acute rises in c-fos emerged by postnatal day 8 and initially displayed regional specificity paralleling the concentration of nicotinic cholinergic receptors.	Nicotine	24-32	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
9098543-7	1997	With increasing maturity, regional selectivity of the c-fos response to acute nicotine was lost, consistent with indirect actions that could be mediated through nicotine-induced hypoxia/ischemia.	Nicotine	78-86	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
9098543-8	1997	These results indicate that prenatal nicotine exposure causes chronic elevations of c-fos expression in fetal and neonatal brain that are distinguishable from the later onset of the ability of acute nicotine to cause short-term stimulation of c-fos.	Nicotine	37-45	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
9098543-8	1997	These results indicate that prenatal nicotine exposure causes chronic elevations of c-fos expression in fetal and neonatal brain that are distinguishable from the later onset of the ability of acute nicotine to cause short-term stimulation of c-fos.	Nicotine	37-45	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	243-248
9098543-8	1997	These results indicate that prenatal nicotine exposure causes chronic elevations of c-fos expression in fetal and neonatal brain that are distinguishable from the later onset of the ability of acute nicotine to cause short-term stimulation of c-fos.	Nicotine	199-207	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	243-248
9098543-10	1997	Given that chronic elevations of c-fos are known to be associated with cell injury and to evoke apoptosis in otherwise healthy cells, these results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure evokes delayed neurotoxicity by altering the program of neural cell differentiation, and that elevated c-fos expression provides an early marker of the eventual deficits.	Nicotine	170-178	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
9098543-10	1997	Given that chronic elevations of c-fos are known to be associated with cell injury and to evoke apoptosis in otherwise healthy cells, these results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure evokes delayed neurotoxicity by altering the program of neural cell differentiation, and that elevated c-fos expression provides an early marker of the eventual deficits.	Nicotine	170-178	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	291-296
9023275-3	1997	The rank order of potency to increase stimulation-evoked release for the nAChR agonists (nicotine &gt; DMPP &gt;&gt; cytisine) suggests that the beta4 subunit of nAChRs is not involved in the release.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
8974398-1	1997	Regional brain activation was assessed by mapping of Fos-related protein expression in rats trained to self-administration of intravenous nicotine and cocaine.	Nicotine	138-146	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
8996218-1	1997	Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	48-81
8996218-1	1997	Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
8996218-1	1997	Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
8996218-1	1997	Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
8996218-2	1997	SIB-1765F is a subtype selective NAChR agonist that displaces [3H]-nicotine binding with an IC50 of 4.6 nM and [3H]-cytisine binding with an IC50 of 12.2 nM which is 2000- to 6000-fold lower than its displacement of [3H]-QNB or [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
9315514-1	1997	This study tested for sex differences in the effects of chronic nicotine administration and withdrawal on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in brain.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	106-138
9315514-4	1997	Male but not female rats that received chronic nicotine had higher receptor densities than corresponding control groups; up-regulation of nAChR was not seen 20 days after withdrawal.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
8883897-0	1996	Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase locomotion and Fos-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of the rat.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
8883897-8	1996	Intra-tegmental injections of nicotine (8.0 micrograms/side) increased Fos-like immunoreactivity in the NAc, but did not affect the number of Fos-positive nuclei in the medial prefrontal cortex or in the dorsolateral striatum.	Nicotine	30-38	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
8728564-7	1996	In diazepam- and nicotine-treated rats Fos IS was increased in PVN and SON as well as in MT and i.p..	Nicotine	17-25	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
8728564-9	1996	of diazepam and nicotine-treated rats Fos IS was similar to that induced by nicotine alone, and in PVN and SON of these rats Fos IS in ACe.	Nicotine	16-24	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
8728564-10	1996	Taken together, diazepam induced Fos IS in all stress-related areas studied (PVN, SON, ACe), but not in central visual structures, where nicotine induces Fos IS (MT, i.p.).	Nicotine	137-145	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
8851473-2	1996	Whereas nicotinic acetylcholine receptor affinity was determined using [3H]nicotine as the radioactive ligand, [3H]oxotremorine-M ([3H]Oxo-M) and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), in some cases supplemented with [3H]pirenzepine ([3H]PZ), were used as radioligands for muscarinic acetyicholine receptors on rat brain membranes.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	8-40
8593811-0	1996	Nicotine-induced cFos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent on brainstem effects: correlations with cFos in catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
8593811-0	1996	Nicotine-induced cFos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent on brainstem effects: correlations with cFos in catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
8593811-3	1996	The results showed that the magnitude of cFos expression was dependent on the dose of nicotine in all regions studied (P &lt; 0.0006); however, at the two lowest doses, only the NTS and CRH-containing region of the PVN expressed cFos, whereas the LC and the rest of the PVN were activated only by higher doses.	Nicotine	86-94	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	160-167
8596661-9	1995	Numbers of Fos-immunoreactive nuclei were significantly increased following nicotine and capsaicin in ventrolateral trigeminal nucleus caudalis and nucleus of the solitary tract.	Nicotine	76-84	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	45-55	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	223-241
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	47-55	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	223-241
7545885-7	1995	The nicotine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i is apparently due to Ca2+ entering via the intrinsic ion channel of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	113-145
7771421-3	1995	The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of transdermal nicotine on GER.	Nicotine	69-77	GER	Homo sapiens	81-84
7675966-8	1995	The results from these two experiments, taken together with recent work examining the effects of nicotine on the string length measure of AEP waveform complexity and Hick decision time (DT), and studies investigating cognitive functioning and cholinergic system dysfunction in dementia, suggest a role of the cholinergic system in intellectual performance.	Nicotine	97-105	legumain	Homo sapiens	138-141
7543184-3	1995	The potency order of these peptides in inhibiting IACh evoked by nicotine was NPY(1-36), NPY (16-36) &gt; peptide YY(PYY) &gt; [Leu31, Pro34]NPY.	Nicotine	65-73	peptide YY	Bos taurus	117-120
7553079-4	1995	Preincubation of cells with 1 nM PACAP for 5 min facilitated the subsequent nicotine stimulated catecholamine secretion during a 20 min incubation without addition of the peptide.	Nicotine	76-84	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Bos taurus	33-38
7788641-10	1994	The second, both necessary and sufficient for nicotine-induced phosphorylation and release, is the neuronal nAChR itself.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
7788641-13	1994	This shows that diminished release is associated to decreased phosphorylation of the 80-kDa protein band, most likely as a consequence of nicotine-promoted nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
7913201-3	1994	Acute nicotine injections in rats led to Fos expression more prominently in the caudatoputamen than in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	6-14	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
7913201-5	1994	Injections of mecamylamine completely blocked nicotine-induced Fos expression.	Nicotine	46-54	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
7913201-7	1994	Nicotine induced Fos expression was also blocked completely by the NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and CPP.	Nicotine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
7913201-8	1994	These results suggest that nicotine-induced Fos expression in the striatum is mediated mostly by dopamine D1 receptors and that the Fos expression is also dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulation.	Nicotine	27-35	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
7942088-0	1994	Nicotine effects on the regulation of amyloid precursor protein splicing, neurotrophin and glucose transporter RNA levels in aged rats.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	38-63
7942088-2	1994	Although nicotine has been reported to induce c-fos, in the present study it was shown that this induction does not alter the accumulation of a number of transcripts associated with AD.	Nicotine	9-17	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
8043972-0	1994	Chronic continuous infusion of nicotine increases the disappearance of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the cholinergic cell bodies of the medial septal nucleus following a partial unilateral transection of the fimbria fornix.	Nicotine	31-39	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	71-96
8043972-5	1994	The chronic nicotine infusion significantly increased the disappearance of the choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive nerve cell area within the medial septal nucleus of the lesioned side.	Nicotine	12-20	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	79-104
8193474-0	1994	Nicotine and cotinine levels in pericardial fluid in victims of SIDS.	Nicotine	0-8	iduronate 2-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	64-68
8193474-8	1994	It is hypothesized that high concentrations of nicotine and nicotine metabolites around the heart may affect cardiac function and thus play a role in the mechanisms causing SIDS or other categories of sudden unexpected death.	Nicotine	47-55	iduronate 2-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	173-177
8193474-8	1994	It is hypothesized that high concentrations of nicotine and nicotine metabolites around the heart may affect cardiac function and thus play a role in the mechanisms causing SIDS or other categories of sudden unexpected death.	Nicotine	60-68	iduronate 2-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	173-177
7715858-5	1994	Our data show that in these systems the mitogenic effects of nicotine and NNK are potentiated in a concentration-dependent manner by elevated levels of CO2, an effect blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C(PKC) and reduced by antagonists of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) and mammalian bombesin.	Nicotine	61-69	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	310-318
8501532-6	1993	A comparable effect of nicotine was found using a preparation of acutely isolated neurons that had retained synaptic terminals attached to their cell body as evidenced by immunoreactivity to synaptophysin and presence of spontaneous GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic activity.	Nicotine	23-31	synaptophysin	Rattus norvegicus	191-204
1412511-1	1992	This study investigated the effect of two major ingredients in cigarette smoke, benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and nicotine, on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor binding and EGF-mediated cellular functions in rat buccal mucosa.	Nicotine	104-112	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	117-155
1337454-10	1992	Stimulation of chromaffin cells either by nicotine (10 microM) or high K+ (56 mM) produces a redistribution of subplasmalemmal scinderin and actin disassembly, which preceded exocytosis.	Nicotine	42-50	scinderin	Homo sapiens	127-136
1777741-6	1991	Factor 2 scale items were comprised primarily of anticipation of relief from negative affect and nicotine withdrawal, and urgent and overwhelming desire to smoke.	Nicotine	97-105	transcription termination factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-8
1667328-0	1991	Nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y in guinea-pig heart: role of calcium channels and protein kinase C. The role of calcium, calcium influx through calcium channels, and activation of protein kinase C for the nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and of the sympathetic co-transmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) was investigated in the guinea-pig isolated perfused heart.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	46-60
1667328-0	1991	Nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y in guinea-pig heart: role of calcium channels and protein kinase C. The role of calcium, calcium influx through calcium channels, and activation of protein kinase C for the nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and of the sympathetic co-transmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) was investigated in the guinea-pig isolated perfused heart.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	314-328
1667328-0	1991	Nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y in guinea-pig heart: role of calcium channels and protein kinase C. The role of calcium, calcium influx through calcium channels, and activation of protein kinase C for the nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and of the sympathetic co-transmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) was investigated in the guinea-pig isolated perfused heart.	Nicotine	0-8	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	330-333
1667328-0	1991	Nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y in guinea-pig heart: role of calcium channels and protein kinase C. The role of calcium, calcium influx through calcium channels, and activation of protein kinase C for the nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline and of the sympathetic co-transmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) was investigated in the guinea-pig isolated perfused heart.	Nicotine	234-242	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	46-60
1667328-2	1991	In the presence of extracellular calcium (1.85 mmol/l) nicotine (1-100 mumol/l) evoked a concentration-dependent overflow of both transmitters with a molar ratio of approximately 1500 (noradrenaline):1 (NPY).	Nicotine	55-63	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	203-206
1869929-5	1991	nAChR channels were relatively nonselective for cations, had a unitary conductance of 35 pS, and were activated by several nicotinic agonists with the following rank order: cytisine greater than ACh greater than nicotine greater than dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP).	Nicotine	212-220	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
1369662-4	1991	At present, we seem to have returned to the view that nicotine may have pronounced effects at the n-AChR (figure 1), at least in some specific cases such as in the development of tolerance and in rats trained to discriminate nicotine (figure 6).	Nicotine	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
1369662-14	1991	Perhaps the ability of nicotine to induce such neuronal effects at a specific n-AChR makes it reinforcing (or aversive) to behavior.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
1369662-16	1991	How nicotine alters the n-AChR may also be beneficial to our understanding of the subtle nature of cholinergic neuronal function in learning, memory, and other behavioral states.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
2159581-5	1990	When nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was eluted with either carbachol or nicotine from the affinity column, these major bands were found on SDS-PAGE gels.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	5-37
34508846-11	2021	In parallel, we observed increased peripheral levels of IL-6 and IL-10 alongside increased hippocampal levels of NGF but decreased GDNF in mice treated with nicotine compared to controls.	Nicotine	157-165	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	113-116
34502498-7	2021	High-dose nicotine enhanced expression of S100 and GFAP in astrocytes indicating a stress response.	Nicotine	10-18	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
34378958-3	2021	Based on a previous genomic and transcriptomic analysis, an open reading frame (ORF) annotated to encode aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald) in the nicotine-degrading cluster was predicted to be responsible for this step.	Nicotine	141-149	AWN88_RS16050	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	105-127
34378958-3	2021	Based on a previous genomic and transcriptomic analysis, an open reading frame (ORF) annotated to encode aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald) in the nicotine-degrading cluster was predicted to be responsible for this step.	Nicotine	141-149	AWN88_RS16050	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	129-132
34378958-8	2021	Disruption of the ald gene caused a lower growth rate and biomass of strain S33 on nicotine but not on 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine.	Nicotine	83-91	AWN88_RS16050	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	18-21
34378958-11	2021	These findings provide new insights into the biochemical mechanism of the nicotine-degrading hybrid pathway and the possible application of Ald in industrial biocatalysis.	Nicotine	74-82	AWN88_RS16050	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	140-143
34478556-0	2022	Nicotine metabolism predicted by CYP2A6 genotypes in relation to smoking cessation: A systematic review.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
34478556-2	2022	Of major interest is genetic variation in nicotine metabolism, largely predicted by CYP2A6 variations.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	84-90
34478556-3	2022	METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review to summarize the population-based evidence of the association between CYP2A6 and smoking cessation.In the 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, the known functional metabolic effect of CYP2A6 variants was used to classify nicotine metabolism as normal (>75% metabolic activity), intermediate (50.1 - 75% activity), slow (25 - 50% activity), and poor (<25% activity).	Nicotine	280-288	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	243-249
34478556-5	2022	RESULTS: Among untreated people of European ancestry (n = 4 studies), those with CYP2A6 reduced metabolism were more likely to quit smoking than those with normal metabolism (Summary OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.23 - 3.42) and the likelihood of cessation increased as nicotine metabolism decreased.	Nicotine	259-267	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	81-87
34165800-3	2021	Candidate gene studies of smoking phenotypes have identified several pharmacogenes implicated in nicotine"s pharmacokinetics (CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2A13, FMOs, UGTs, and OCT2), and nicotine"s pharmacodynamic response in the central nervous system (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as through the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems).	Nicotine	97-105	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	126-132
34165800-3	2021	Candidate gene studies of smoking phenotypes have identified several pharmacogenes implicated in nicotine"s pharmacokinetics (CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2A13, FMOs, UGTs, and OCT2), and nicotine"s pharmacodynamic response in the central nervous system (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as through the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems).	Nicotine	97-105	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	142-149
34165800-7	2021	The genes CYP2A6 and the CHRNA5-A3-B4 confer the most replicated sources of genetic variation in smoking behaviours, likely due to their importance in nicotine"s pharmacology.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
34880552-7	2021	Nicotine decreases the expression of mRNA for eNOS, along with serum and renal tissue nitrite levels.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
34880552-9	2021	However, fenofibrate significantly prevented the development of nicotine-AKI by reducing serum creatinine, BUN, and urinary protein, normalizing the lipid profile, reducing renal oxidative stress, increases the eNOS expression and concentration of serum and renal nitrate levels.	Nicotine	64-72	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	211-215
34880552-11	2021	Moreover, fenofibrate induced upregulation of eNOS expression additionally play key roles in the improvement of nicotine-induced AKI could be the future alternative.	Nicotine	112-120	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
34462474-3	2021	We found increased levels of CD9 in plasma EVs after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue.	Nicotine	71-79	CD9 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
34564144-1	2021	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is implicated in a range of diseases and disorders including nicotine addiction, epilepsy and Parkinson"s and Alzheimer"s diseases.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
34193508-9	2021	Here, we show that chronic, episodic perinatal nicotine exposure alters nAChR function, XIIMN intrinsic properties, and respiratory-related tongue muscle function in vivo.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
33229892-3	2021	To this end, studies have reported that "satiety" agents such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), decreases responding for addictive drugs such as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, and oxycodone, but no work has been done with heroin.	Nicotine	196-204	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	69-101
33229892-3	2021	To this end, studies have reported that "satiety" agents such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), decreases responding for addictive drugs such as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, and oxycodone, but no work has been done with heroin.	Nicotine	196-204	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
35560511-0	2022	Cucurbitacin E ameliorates airway remodelling by inhibiting nerve growth factor expression in nicotine-treated bronchial epithelial cells and mice: the key role of let-7c-5p up-regulated expression.	Nicotine	94-102	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	60-79
35560511-4	2022	Changes in viability, inflammation, and let-7c-5p/NGF pathway in nicotine-treated BECs were detected under CuE treatment (5 muM).	Nicotine	65-73	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	50-53
35560511-10	2022	At molecular level, nicotine suppressed let-7c-5p, while induced NGF, FN1, and COLIA levels.	Nicotine	20-28	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	65-68
35533447-10	2022	Moreover, inhibiting PI3K-AKT by LY294002 abrogated nicotine-mediated beta-catenin level increase and thymopoiesis abnormalities, and an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-btx) also reversed nicotine-induced PI3K-AKT activation.	Nicotine	52-60	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	70-82
35533447-11	2022	Our findings provide strong evidence that PNE is a risk factor for T cell deviation and postnatal asthma, and revealed that nicotine-induced beta-catenin level increase induces thymopoiesis abnormalities.	Nicotine	124-132	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	141-153
35446570-2	2022	We evolved a previously reported nicotine-binding PBP to become a selective S-methadone-binding sensor, via three mutations in the PBP"s second shell and hinge regions.	Nicotine	33-41	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
35446570-2	2022	We evolved a previously reported nicotine-binding PBP to become a selective S-methadone-binding sensor, via three mutations in the PBP"s second shell and hinge regions.	Nicotine	33-41	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
35577041-8	2022	In addition, nicotine individually decreased expression levels of all examined protein targets, significantly for CYP1B1 (p < 0.001), CYP19A1 (p = 0.010), AhRR (p = 0.042), and ARNT (p < 0.001), compared to control.	Nicotine	13-21	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
35461327-0	2022	Exosomal miR-4466 from nicotine-activated neutrophils promotes tumor cell stemness and metabolism in lung cancer metastasis.	Nicotine	23-31	microRNA 4466	Homo sapiens	9-17
35461327-7	2022	We also found that chronic nicotine exposure recruited STAT3-activated N2-neutrophils within the brain pre-metastatic niche and secreted exosomal miR-4466 which promoted stemness and metabolic switching via SKI/SOX2/CPT1A axis in the tumor cells in the brain thereby enabling metastasis.	Nicotine	27-35	microRNA 4466	Homo sapiens	146-154
35461327-7	2022	We also found that chronic nicotine exposure recruited STAT3-activated N2-neutrophils within the brain pre-metastatic niche and secreted exosomal miR-4466 which promoted stemness and metabolic switching via SKI/SOX2/CPT1A axis in the tumor cells in the brain thereby enabling metastasis.	Nicotine	27-35	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	211-215
35289351-11	2022	In-vitro studies revealed that nicotine lowers the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1beta) and proteins (TRAF2, P50, P65) at 1 microg/ml in TNFalpha induced SW982 cells.Nicotine from natural sources (Brassica oleracea) has been found to be an effective anti- inflammatory compound at a low dosage.	Nicotine	31-39	TNF receptor associated factor 2	Homo sapiens	122-127
35464739-11	2022	Nicotine may act as a stimulant to inhibit the action of striatal DAT, increasing dopamine levels in the synaptic gap.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	66-69
35328565-0	2022	Sex- and Genotype-Dependent Nicotine-Induced Behaviors in Adolescent Rats with a Human Polymorphism (rs2304297) in the 3"-UTR of the CHRNA6 Gene.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-139
35328565-4	2022	We hypothesized that the human CHRNA6 3"-UTR SNP knock-in does not impact baseline but enhances nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
35359576-7	2022	Multiple sera cytokines including C5, TIMP-1, and CXCL13 were decreased accordingly as per their peripheral immunometabolic responses to menthol flavor in the nicotine vapor.	Nicotine	159-167	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13	Mus musculus	50-56
2460970-5	1988	In addition, concentrations of mRNA, encoding for pancreatic amylase, were higher in pancreatic homogenates from the nicotine-treated rats than in controls.	Nicotine	117-125	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	50-68
3404102-6	1988	These abstinence rates suggest an efficacious role for nicotine gum in association with group support.	Nicotine	55-63	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	64-67
2462417-3	1988	Both, tuftsin and SP(1-4) inhibited the nicotine-evoked [3H]noradrenaline outflow (postsynaptic effect), but the effect of SP(1-4) was more pronounced.	Nicotine	40-48	Sp1 transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
3120736-1	1987	Using antibody against NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and several effectors of cytochrome P-450 and FAD-containing monooxygenase, we investigated nicotine metabolites formed by these two enzymes.	Nicotine	148-156	NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase	Cavia porcellus	23-55
3995970-0	1985	Effect of nicotine on AIB transport in the perfused human placenta.	Nicotine	10-18	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	22-25
3991359-8	1985	These results indicate that nicotine, in presence of bombesin, has an inhibitory effect on the release of gastrin and a stimulatory effect on the release of PP and CCK.	Nicotine	28-36	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	164-167
6090765-3	1984	Thymidine incorporation (10(-15) mmol/10(3) cells) into cultured cells of the cortical thick ascending loop of Henle (TAL) and of the cortical collecting tubule (CT) was inhibited by nicotine (5 X 10(1) ng/ml) when incubated in NCM only; the presence of FCS or of D (10(-8) M) or of D and EGF (25 ng/ml) prevented this inhibitory effect.	Nicotine	183-191	transaldolase 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
6090765-4	1984	Nicotine at a concentration of 5 X 10(2) ng/ml was inhibitory in TAL and CT even in the presence of FCS.	Nicotine	0-8	transaldolase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
6638059-0	1983	Familial central diabetes insipidus: vasopressin and nicotine stimulated neurophysin deficiency with subnormal oxytocin and estrogen stimulated neurophysin.	Nicotine	53-61	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-119
7202501-6	1980	The level of gastrin in the gastric juice, after the intraventricular administration of nicotine 20 microgram/animal, did not significantly differ from the control.	Nicotine	88-96	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	13-20
656704-2	1978	Sequential intravenous infusions of nicotine (2-3 mug/kg every 45 s) or intracheal puffs (3-5 ml) of tobacco smoke commonly produced transitory increases (25-35 mmHg) of arterial pressure and 4-6 mmHg increments of MPo(2).	Nicotine	36-44	myeloperoxidase	Felis catus	215-218
656704-5	1978	Pressor responses to nicotine and tobacco smoke were accompanied by small increases (usually 1-3 mmHg) of MPo(2).	Nicotine	21-29	myeloperoxidase	Felis catus	106-109
961441-8	1976	The choline-acetyl transferase (CAT) activity in unoperated nerves was similar in both groups of rats; the 7 h accumulation above the crush, however, was somewhat reduced after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	177-185	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	4-30
961441-8	1976	The choline-acetyl transferase (CAT) activity in unoperated nerves was similar in both groups of rats; the 7 h accumulation above the crush, however, was somewhat reduced after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	177-185	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
4432554-0	1974	[Effect of nicotine on the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats].	Nicotine	11-19	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	59-63
33813843-5	2021	Reduction of renal 11beta-HSD2 expression by nicotine was correlated with the suppression of C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta) and activation of Akt protein kinase phosphorylation (pThr308Akt/PKB) within the kidney.	Nicotine	45-53	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Mus musculus	195-199
33813843-7	2021	Treatment with the MR antagonist spironolactone significantly decreased the elevated mean systolic blood pressure and corrected ENaC along with inhibition of pThr308Akt/PKB within the kidney in nicotine-treated mice.	Nicotine	194-202	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Mus musculus	158-162
34021061-7	2021	About 5% of English samples exceeded the UK"s 20 mg/mL nicotine limit.	Nicotine	55-63	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	52-54
34002223-15	2021	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest availability of ENDS in nicotine concentrations greater than 20 mg/mL may be associated with increased switching among adult smokers.	Nicotine	59-67	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	102-104
34002223-19	2021	These results suggest availability of ENDS in nicotine concentrations greater than 20 mg/mL may be associated with increased switching among adult smokers.	Nicotine	46-54	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	89-91
33146402-0	2021	Nicotine exhausts CD8+ T cells against tumor cells through increasing miR-629-5p to repress IL2RB-mediated granzyme B expression.	Nicotine	0-8	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	18-21
33146402-2	2021	Literature has demonstrated that cigarette smoking disables the immunological activity, so we propose nicotine is able to exhaust CD8+ T cells.	Nicotine	102-110	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	130-133
33146402-6	2021	The effect of nicotine exhausting CD8+ T cells was investigated in vitro and in the humanized tumor xenografts in vivo.	Nicotine	14-22	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	34-37
33146402-8	2021	Moreover, nicotine suppressed the anti-HCC827 effect of CD8+ T cells.	Nicotine	10-18	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	56-59
33146402-13	2021	This study demonstrated that nicotine exhausted CD8+ T cells against HCC827 cells through increasing miR-629-5p to suppress IL2RB.	Nicotine	29-37	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	48-51
33640680-3	2021	METHODS: This study compared neuronal activation, as reported by observable Fos expression in the IPN of nicotine-dependent female and male rats experiencing withdrawal.	Nicotine	105-113	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
32508243-0	2021	Haplotype-based association study of Opioid Receptor Kappa-type 1 (OPRK1) gene polymorphisms with nicotine dependence among male smokers.	Nicotine	98-106	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	37-65
32508243-0	2021	Haplotype-based association study of Opioid Receptor Kappa-type 1 (OPRK1) gene polymorphisms with nicotine dependence among male smokers.	Nicotine	98-106	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
33497574-0	2021	Toll-like Receptor 9 Agonists as Adjuvants for Nanoparticle-Based Nicotine Vaccine.	Nicotine	66-74	toll-like receptor 9	Mus musculus	0-20
33497574-3	2021	In this study, Toll-like receptor 9 agonists, namely, CpG ODN 1555 and CpG ODN 1826, were incorporated into a nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine (NanoNicVac) to enhance its immunogenicity.	Nicotine	129-137	toll-like receptor 9	Mus musculus	15-35
33380469-1	2021	Allelic variation in CHRNA3, the gene encoding the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, increases vulnerability to tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases, but little is known about the role for alpha3-containing (alpha3*) nAChRs in regulating the addiction-related behavioral or physiological actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	333-341	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
33380469-11	2021	alpha-Conotoxin AuIB, a potent antagonist of the alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, reduced the stimulatory effects of nicotine on habenular neurons, and its infusion into the IPn increased nicotine intake in rats.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
33440720-7	2021	Additionally, we analyzed the effects of ACh and NIC on sperm acrosome reaction (AR) and found that both ACh and NIC suppressed the AR rate, which was restored by an AChRe-specific antagonist.	Nicotine	49-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
33440720-7	2021	Additionally, we analyzed the effects of ACh and NIC on sperm acrosome reaction (AR) and found that both ACh and NIC suppressed the AR rate, which was restored by an AChRe-specific antagonist.	Nicotine	113-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
33055223-12	2020	This regulation by smoking/nicotine will increase interindividual variation in lung CYP2A levels that may impact the localized metabolism of inhaled drugs and tobacco smoke procarcinogens.	Nicotine	27-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	84-89
33055223-15	2020	Lung CYP2A protein expression was decreased by systemic treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	71-79	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	5-10
33185565-3	2020	OBJECTIVE: Understanding the types of nicotine and cannabis vaping-related apps still available in the competing Google Play Store can shed light on how digital apps may reflect information available to consumers.	Nicotine	38-46	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	161-165
33144568-4	2020	We observe five genome-wide significant loci, including previously unreported loci MAGI2/GNAI1 (rs2714700) and TENM2 (rs1862416), and extend loci reported for other smoking traits to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	183-191	teneurin transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	111-116
33144568-6	2020	Both variants influence nearby gene expression (rs2714700/MAGI2-AS3 in hippocampus; rs1862416/TENM2 in lung), and expression of genes spanning nicotine dependence-associated variants is enriched in cerebellum.	Nicotine	143-151	teneurin transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	94-99
33152941-10	2020	Plasma BDNF level was reduced during nicotine withdrawal as compared to the saline group reflecting mild cognitive impairment, stress, and depression.	Nicotine	37-45	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	7-11
33152941-13	2020	4-FBS at 60 mg/kg upsurge nicotine withdrawal-induced decrease in plasma BDNF.	Nicotine	26-34	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
33380611-7	2020	In contrast, activation of splenic sympathetic nerve by nicotine treatment resulted in the enhancement of tissue ROS level and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the spleen of ND offspring; these molecular events were attenuated by treatment with a ROS scavenger, tempol.	Nicotine	56-64	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	150-153
33004014-6	2020	Among them SPATS2L, ZEB2, KCHN8, and MRPL13 which have been previously connected to psychiatric disorders with the latter two being responsive to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	146-154	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13	Gallus gallus	37-43
32820905-0	2020	Nicotine promotes WRL68 cells proliferation due to the mutant p53 gain-of-function by activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	229-234
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	337-345	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
32820905-8	2020	Furthermore, it suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	337-345	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	229-234
32820905-9	2020	Simply put, these findings indicated that nicotine induces mutant p53 gain-of function (GOF), activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation, which could contribute to HCC for smokers.	Nicotine	42-50	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
32765304-13	2020	Conclusion: Based on our data, melatonin exerts a beneficial effect on rats with nicotine-related AAA by downregulating the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, improving autophagy dysfunction, and restoring the VSMC phenotype.	Nicotine	81-89	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
32765511-12	2020	Nicotine exposure of CD8+ cells induced the expression of miR-150-5p and miR-181a-5p in the naive-memory cells in vitro.	Nicotine	0-8	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	21-24
32350062-2	2020	CYP2A6 is responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and several other xenobiotics, but its susceptibility to down-regulation by NO has not been reported.	Nicotine	44-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
32350062-12	2020	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that the nicotine metabolizing enzyme CYP2A6 is down regulated by nitric oxide, a molecule produced in large amounts in the context of inflammation and that is also inhaled from cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	57-65	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	86-92
31578905-2	2020	While the liver-specific CYP2A6 is associated with the nicotine clearance and smoking addiction, the metabolic activation of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine by lung-specific CYP2A13 can lead to lung tumorigenesis.	Nicotine	55-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
32198107-12	2020	In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	283-287
32370298-8	2020	Nicotine (4 microg/mL) and HLE extracts (0.18%) significantly favored anti-inflammatory response in macrophages (increased CD-206 (M2) and IL-10, and decreased M1/M2 ratio; p < 0.05).	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	139-144
32373212-7	2020	The effects of nicotine on the expression of EndMT-related markers, ERK1/2 and Snail were quantified by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescent staining.	Nicotine	15-23	snail family zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	79-84
32373212-12	2020	Further experiments revealed that ERK1/2 signaling was activated by nicotine, which led to the upregulation of Snail.	Nicotine	68-76	snail family zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	111-116
32373212-13	2020	Blocking ERK1/2 with inhibitor or silencing Snail by small interfering RNA efficiently preserved endothelial phenotype upon nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	124-132	snail family zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	44-49
32373212-15	2020	Nicotine induces EndMT through alpha7nAChR-ERK1/2-Snail signaling in endothelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	snail family zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	50-55
31721620-5	2020	In order to evaluate the effects of nicotine and melatonin on the morphological changes of neurons, primary cortical neurons were obtained and immunocytochemistry of TUBB3 tubulin were conducted.Results: Nicotine increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC12 and HM cells in a concentration-dependent manner.	Nicotine	204-212	tubulin, beta 3 class III	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
31721620-8	2020	Finally, nicotine treatment reduced the length of TUBB3-positive axons and dendrites.	Nicotine	9-17	tubulin, beta 3 class III	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
31916029-4	2020	These processes are controlled by glutamatergic signaling of hippocampal pyramidal neurons within the CA1 region, suggesting actions of nicotine on glutamatergic transmission in this region if present prenatally.	Nicotine	136-144	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	102-105
32131765-1	2020	BACKGROUND: CYP2A6 is an enzyme involved in oxidation of a number of environmental chemicals, including nicotine, pro-carcinogenic nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).	Nicotine	104-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
31841390-10	2020	Nicotine also reduced the expression of megalin in all groups examined which was partially prevented by COX-2 inhibition.	Nicotine	0-8	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-47
31613395-0	2020	Nicotine smoking concentrations modulateGABAergic synaptic transmission in murine medial prefrontal cortexbyactivation ofalpha7* and beta2* nicotinicreceptors.	Nicotine	0-8	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	133-138
31613395-10	2020	Our results indicate that nicotine smoking concentrations modulate GABAergic synaptic currents through mixed pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms by activation of alpha7* and beta2* AChRs.	Nicotine	26-34	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	172-177
31897506-8	2020	Further, the favorable nicotine actions were (i) diminished by MLA or ZnPP and (ii) replicated by hemin or CORM-2, but not bilirubin, and (iii) associated with exaggerated and MLA-sensitive increases in HO-1 expression.	Nicotine	23-31	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
31897506-9	2020	CONCLUSIONS: alpha7-nAChR/HO-1/CO signaling mediates nicotine protection against renal inflammation and vasoconstrictor hyporeactivity in endotoxic male rats.	Nicotine	53-61	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
31605679-12	2020	The immunohistochemical evaluation showed that nicotine increased the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor levels and decreased the bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels, especially in the groups sacrificed on day 21.	Nicotine	47-55	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-101
32038246-9	2019	Furthermore, the expression of microglia marker Iba1, the CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and downstream molecules PKA and p-ErK were significantly increased in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	149-157	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1	Mus musculus	66-72
32038246-9	2019	Furthermore, the expression of microglia marker Iba1, the CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and downstream molecules PKA and p-ErK were significantly increased in the nicotine group.	Nicotine	149-157	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Mus musculus	107-112
31913329-13	2020	PNU or nicotine reduced cytokine expression and JNK activation, but improved insulin resistance induced by palmitate.	Nicotine	7-15	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	48-51
32250310-0	2020	Nicotine Promotes AbetaPP Nonamyloidogenic Processing via RACK1-Dependent Activation of PKC in SH-SY5Y-AbetaPP695 Cells.	Nicotine	0-8	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
32250310-9	2020	We also found that nicotine elevated the expression of phosphorylated PKC (P-PKC) and RACK1 on the cytomembrane.	Nicotine	19-27	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
32250310-11	2020	Genetic knockdown RACK1 significantly inhibited P-PKC, and consequently abolished the increase of ADAM10 and C83 by nicotine.	Nicotine	116-124	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
32250310-12	2020	CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results indicate that nicotine effectively promotes AbetaPP nonamyloidogenic processing via RACK1-dependent activation of PKC in SH-SY5Y-AbetaPP695 cells and could be a potential molecule for AD treatment.	Nicotine	56-64	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
31771811-8	2020	Varenicline enhanced nicotine-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages through decreased expression of cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 and thereby progressed atherosclerotic plaque formation.	Nicotine	21-29	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	130-135
31704271-6	2020	AT-1001, an alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) functional antagonist, attenuated drug + cue-primed reinstatement of both CSE- and nicotine-seeking behavior.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
31835256-6	2019	Immunofluorescence analysis showed that nicotine treatment significantly decreased the podocin and nephrin expression compared to control cells.	Nicotine	40-48	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31835256-7	2019	However, prior treatment with WEHD attenuated the nicotine-induced podocin and nephrin reduction.	Nicotine	50-58	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	79-86
31835256-10	2019	Furthermore, prior treatment with ROS scavenger, NAC significantly attenuated the nicotine-induced caspase-1 activity, IL-1beta production, podocin and nephrin reduction in podocytes.	Nicotine	82-90	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	152-159
31685649-6	2019	Results showed that activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone abolished the expression of somatic and affective nicotine withdrawal signs in rats and in (PPARgamma (+/+)) mice.	Nicotine	110-118	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	34-43
31685649-11	2019	Our results demonstrate the implication of the neuronal PPARgamma in nicotine withdrawal and indicates that activation of PPARgamma may offer an interesting strategy for smoking cessation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSmoking cessation leads the occurrence of physical and affective withdrawal symptoms representing a major burden to quit tobacco use.	Nicotine	69-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
31685649-11	2019	Our results demonstrate the implication of the neuronal PPARgamma in nicotine withdrawal and indicates that activation of PPARgamma may offer an interesting strategy for smoking cessation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSmoking cessation leads the occurrence of physical and affective withdrawal symptoms representing a major burden to quit tobacco use.	Nicotine	69-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	122-131
31685649-12	2019	Here, we show that activation of PPARgamma prevents the expression of both somatic and affective signs of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	106-114	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
31685649-15	2019	Our results demonstrate the implication of neuronal PPARgamma in nicotine withdrawal and suggest that PPARgamma agonism may represent a promising treatment to aid smoking cessation.	Nicotine	65-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	52-61
31599127-2	2019	One of the main compounds in cigarettes is nicotine, which binds directly to nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) in the body, which are encoded by different genes of the CHRNA family.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit	Homo sapiens	176-181
31554697-9	2019	UGT2B10 and UGT2B7 activities were probed using nicotine and 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine, respectively, and significant decreases in glucuronidation activity were observed for both substrates in HuH-7 and Hep3B cells upon overexpression of miR-485-5p mimic.	Nicotine	48-56	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	12-18
31757080-5	2019	Results are presented for the action of nAChR agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine, and cytisine), and antagonists (alpha-conotoxins (alpha-CTxs) MII, ImI, LvIA, and PeIA) that demonstrate a luminescence response correlating to the increase or decrease of dopamine release.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
31500447-0	2019	Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
31500447-7	2019	Furthermore, nicotine induced histone acetylase p300 into the nuclei of the BMSCs by acting on the alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha4beta2-nAChR), leading to the increased histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation level of ACE and RAS activation.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	157-162
31500447-8	2019	Taken together, the sustained activation of local bone RAS mediated prenatal nicotine-induced osteopenia in adult offspring via the alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.-Xiao, H., Wen, Y., Pan, Z., Shangguan, Y., Magdalou, J., Wang, H., Chen, L. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
31500447-8	2019	Taken together, the sustained activation of local bone RAS mediated prenatal nicotine-induced osteopenia in adult offspring via the alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.-Xiao, H., Wen, Y., Pan, Z., Shangguan, Y., Magdalou, J., Wang, H., Chen, L. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	338-343
31584787-3	2019	Nicotine undergoes biotransformation in the liver mainly by the CYP2A6 isoform of CYP 450.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
31584787-4	2019	There are many polymorphic isoforms of CYP2A6 affecting the metabolism of nicotine.	Nicotine	74-82	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
31584787-8	2019	Metabolism of nicotine, mainly through CYP2A6, has also many clinical implications, such as efficacy and safety of the nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or occurrence of several diseases.	Nicotine	14-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
31584787-8	2019	Metabolism of nicotine, mainly through CYP2A6, has also many clinical implications, such as efficacy and safety of the nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or occurrence of several diseases.	Nicotine	119-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
31619789-7	2019	Our findings suggest that TCF7L2 regulates the stimulatory actions of nicotine on a habenula-pancreas axis that links the addictive properties of nicotine to its diabetes-promoting actions.	Nicotine	146-154	transcription factor 7 like 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
31660076-0	2019	Exosomes from nicotine-stimulated macrophages accelerate atherosclerosis through miR-21-3p/PTEN-mediated VSMC migration and proliferation.	Nicotine	14-22	microRNA 181a-1	Mus musculus	81-90
31172810-9	2019	Nicotine induced premature hypertension, renal expression of the sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter (NKCC2), increases in renal sodium retention, and infiltration of CD161a+/CD68+ macrophages into the renal medulla.	Nicotine	0-8	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
31202491-7	2019	Enhanced neuronal activity combined with Nurr1 expression is both necessary and sufficient for the nicotine-mediated neurotransmitter plasticity to occur.	Nicotine	99-107	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2	Mus musculus	41-46
31194269-8	2019	Nicotine-treated rats had lower blood flow than controls, and the urothelial expression of HIF1alpha was higher than controls.	Nicotine	0-8	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
31792475-12	2019	The relative expression levels of Wnt pathway proteins including beta-catenin, c-Myc, p-GSK3beta and Ror2 were significantly higher in nicotine group than those in the blank control group and alpha7nAChR inhibition group (P&lt;0.05).	Nicotine	135-143	receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
31004707-8	2019	Additionally, acupuncture at HT7, but not the control points, prevented Nic-induced plasma corticosterone secretion and inhibited Nic-induced increases in the phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial NOS in the NTS.	Nicotine	130-133	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	178-208
31004707-8	2019	Additionally, acupuncture at HT7, but not the control points, prevented Nic-induced plasma corticosterone secretion and inhibited Nic-induced increases in the phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial NOS in the NTS.	Nicotine	130-133	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	210-214
31005665-10	2019	Our results showed that nicotine significantly reduced hyperalgesia in mice that received acute or repeated rapamycin injections, and reversed the effects of rapamycin on the phosphorylation of S6K, 4E-BP1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser636/639, AKT at Ser473, and ERK at Thr202/Tyr204.	Nicotine	24-32	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	194-197
30946836-2	2019	The objective of this systematic review is to characterize the effects of GLP-1-receptor agonists on SUD-related behavioural effects of drugs, nicotine, and alcohol.	Nicotine	143-151	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	74-88
30946836-14	2019	In conclusion, a solid body of evidence documents acute effects of GLP-1-receptor agonist treatment on behavioural effects of alcohol, nicotine, amphetamine and cocaine.	Nicotine	135-143	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	67-81
31123168-0	2019	Nicotine promotes the development of non-small cell lung cancer through activating LINC00460 and PI3K/Akt signaling.	Nicotine	0-8	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460	Homo sapiens	83-92
31123168-2	2019	Studies in recent years have reported that long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460 (LINC00460) is strongly associated with lung cancer poor prognosis and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	157-165	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460	Homo sapiens	87-96
31123168-5	2019	Through in vitro experiments, we studied the effects of nicotine on LINC00460 in NSCLC cells lines using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell test, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays.	Nicotine	56-64	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460	Homo sapiens	68-77
31123168-7	2019	In in vitro experiments, LINC00460 was overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines under nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	79-87	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460	Homo sapiens	25-34
31123168-8	2019	Nicotine could relieve the effect of LINC00460 knockdown on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis.	Nicotine	0-8	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460	Homo sapiens	37-46
31123168-10	2019	Conclusions: In summary, this is the first time to examine the potential roles of LINC00460 in lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	162-170	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460	Homo sapiens	82-91
31214115-8	2019	Western blot analysis showed that mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine) had increased poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP1) activity associated with reduced levels of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1).	Nicotine	70-78	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	94-129
30259400-10	2019	Downregulating mGluR5 or nicotine treatment after L-DOPA decreased ERK and histone 3 activation, and FosB expression.	Nicotine	25-33	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	101-105
29430793-6	2019	Recent research has demonstrated that the MHb regulates nicotine aversion and withdrawal.	Nicotine	56-64	MHB	Homo sapiens	42-45
29498158-1	2019	Varenicline, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, is used to treat nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	15-47
29532581-0	2019	Genome-wide association study in Finnish twins highlights the connection between nicotine addiction and neurotrophin signaling pathway.	Nicotine	81-89	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	104-116
29532581-11	2019	Second, nicotine withdrawal showed association on 2q21 in an intron of TMEM163 (P = 2.1 x 10-9 ), and on 11p15 (P = 6.6 x 10-8 ) in an intron of AP2A2, and P = 4.2 x 10-7 for a missense variant in MUC6, both involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway).	Nicotine	8-16	adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	145-150
29532581-11	2019	Second, nicotine withdrawal showed association on 2q21 in an intron of TMEM163 (P = 2.1 x 10-9 ), and on 11p15 (P = 6.6 x 10-8 ) in an intron of AP2A2, and P = 4.2 x 10-7 for a missense variant in MUC6, both involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway).	Nicotine	8-16	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	224-236
30665006-3	2019	This study focuses on the alpha3 and alpha4 nAChR subunits as alpha3 is important for early postnatal survival while alpha4 is crucial for nicotine-elicited antinociception and sleep-wake cycle regulation.	Nicotine	139-147	proteolipid protein 2	Homo sapiens	37-43
31058214-11	2019	This difference between opioids and other drug classes investigated to date may shed light on the mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor treatment in the addictive effects of alcohol, central stimulants, and nicotine.	Nicotine	207-215	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	121-135
30876690-0	2019	Suppressed hepatocyte proliferation via a ROS-HNE-P21 pathway is associated with nicotine- and cotinine-enhanced alcoholic fatty liver in mice.	Nicotine	81-89	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	50-53
30876690-7	2019	Plin2 encodes adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet-associated protein, which was confirmed to be increased by nicotine and cotinine in WT mice but not in KO mice.	Nicotine	137-145	perilipin 2	Mus musculus	14-53
30876690-7	2019	Plin2 encodes adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet-associated protein, which was confirmed to be increased by nicotine and cotinine in WT mice but not in KO mice.	Nicotine	137-145	perilipin 2	Mus musculus	55-59
30876690-11	2019	These results suggest that inhibition of liver proliferation via a ROS-HNE-P21 pathway is involved in nicotine- and cotinine-enhanced alcoholic fatty liver.	Nicotine	102-110	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	75-78
30659912-0	2019	Functional crosstalk of nucleus accumbens CB1 and OX2 receptors in response to nicotine-induced place preference.	Nicotine	79-87	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
30525517-8	2019	Increased puff-duration and puff-volume increased nicotine delivery for Blu and Vuse but not the SREC.	Nicotine	50-58	zinc finger MYND-type containing 10	Homo sapiens	72-75
30611298-4	2019	As cotinine levels are influenced not only by nicotine intake but also by CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism rate, we performed secondary analyses adjusting for genetic risk score of nicotine metabolism rate and identified five additional novel associations.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
30611298-4	2019	As cotinine levels are influenced not only by nicotine intake but also by CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism rate, we performed secondary analyses adjusting for genetic risk score of nicotine metabolism rate and identified five additional novel associations.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
29193459-0	2019	Neuropeptide CART prevents memory loss attributed to withdrawal of nicotine following chronic treatment in mice.	Nicotine	67-75	CART prepropeptide	Mus musculus	13-17
29193459-13	2019	CART circuit dynamics in the hippocampus seems to modulate short-term memory associated with nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	93-101	CART prepropeptide	Mus musculus	0-4
30358437-5	2019	Acute nicotine inhalation caused increased pulmonary edema and lung injury as measured by enhanced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, IgM, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and decreased lung E-cadherin protein.	Nicotine	6-14	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-201
30358437-5	2019	Acute nicotine inhalation caused increased pulmonary edema and lung injury as measured by enhanced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, IgM, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and decreased lung E-cadherin protein.	Nicotine	6-14	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
30358437-12	2019	In in vitro air-liquid interface cultures of airway epithelial cells, there was a dose dependent increase in HMGB1 release with nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	128-136	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
30206032-2	2019	SCG neurons express nicotinic receptors (nAChR) whose expression levels are modulated by nicotine.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
30206032-3	2019	Nicotine exerts multiple effects on neurons, including neuroprotection, through nAChR binding.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
30391635-9	2019	Impaired neurogenesis, as shown by reduction in the expression of the endogenous cell proliferation marker Ki67 and the early neuron marker doublecortin, was also associated with nicotine abstinence.	Nicotine	179-187	antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67	Mus musculus	107-111
30345917-5	2019	The level of alphaB-Crystallin (Cryab) in astrocytes treated with nicotine for different times or co-treated with alpha7 nAChR antagonists as well as co-incubated with a PI3K or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor was determined by western blotting.	Nicotine	66-74	crystallin alpha B	Homo sapiens	32-37
30345917-6	2019	RESULTS: In this study, nicotine pre-treatment in primary astrocytes markedly inhibited Abeta aggregation and upregulated endogenous astrocytic Cryab, while the nicotine-mediated neuroprotective effect was reversed by pre-treatment with a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	24-32	crystallin alpha B	Homo sapiens	144-149
31453782-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450 2A6 enzyme (CYP2A6), an essential hepatic enzyme involved in the metabolism of drugs, is responsible for a major metabolic pathway of nicotine.	Nicotine	162-170	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-31
31453782-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450 2A6 enzyme (CYP2A6), an essential hepatic enzyme involved in the metabolism of drugs, is responsible for a major metabolic pathway of nicotine.	Nicotine	162-170	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
31453782-2	2019	Variation in the activity of polymorphic CYP2A6 alleles has been implicated in inter-individual differences in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	111-119	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
30389584-0	2019	Excitotoxicity and compensatory upregulation of GAD67 in fetal rat hippocampus caused by prenatal nicotine exposure are associated with inhibition of the BDNF pathway.	Nicotine	98-106	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
30585623-4	2018	Nicotine also increased alpha1nAChR, calpain-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 expression in the aortic tissue.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	48-74
30585623-4	2018	Nicotine also increased alpha1nAChR, calpain-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 expression in the aortic tissue.	Nicotine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	76-81
30585623-6	2018	In vitro, nicotine-induced alpha1nAChR, calpain-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) and macrophages (RAW264.7), and enhanced the migration and proliferation of these cells.	Nicotine	10-18	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	51-56
30585623-9	2018	The effect of nicotine on atherogenesis may be mediated by alpha1nAChR-induced activation of the calpain-1/MMP-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.	Nicotine	14-22	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	107-112
29949237-6	2018	By applying mass spectrometry to eCBs analysis in brain dialysates, Larry"s lab showed that ethanol, heroin, nicotine and cocaine differentially affect anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglicerol overflow in the NAc shell, a critical site of drugs of abuse DA stimulant actions.	Nicotine	109-117	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	206-209
30099202-10	2018	Two key chromatin remodeling genes, Smarca2 and Bahcc1, exhibited inversely correlated changes in methylation and expression due to nicotine exposure; this was reversed by choline.	Nicotine	132-140	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2	Mus musculus	36-43
30429794-9	2018	Mechanistically, nicotine exposure enhanced expression of MMP-2/-9 and elastolytic activity in both aortic segments.	Nicotine	17-25	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	58-66
30326594-1	2018	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4/beta2* nAChRs) in the mammalian brain is necessary for nicotine reinforcement and addiction.	Nicotine	148-156	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	70-75
29860089-0	2018	Ultrasensitive dual probe immunosensor for the monitoring of nicotine induced-brain derived neurotrophic factor released from cancer cells.	Nicotine	61-69	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	78-111
29860089-8	2018	The reliability of the DPI sensor was evaluated by monitoring the extracellular release of BDNF using exogenic activators (ethanol, K+, and nicotine) in neuronal and non-neuronal cells.	Nicotine	140-148	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	91-95
30319609-3	2018	Results: The results of this study showed that monocyte induced inflammation (raised tumor necrosis factor-alpha-TNF-alpha) induced by mCRP was significantly blocked in the presence of acetylcholine and nicotine, whilst tacrine and targeted antibodies (clones 8C10 and 3H12) had less of or no significant effects.	Nicotine	203-211	C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related	Mus musculus	135-139
30319609-9	2018	Discussion: Acetylcholine and to a lesser extent nicotine show potential for therapeutic inhibition of mCRP-induced inflammation and cell and platelet adhesion.	Nicotine	49-57	C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related	Mus musculus	103-107
29788791-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that the effectiveness of nicotine replacement smoking cessation pharmacotherapy may be enhanced by assessing rates of nicotine metabolism using the nicotine metabolite ratio - which reflects differences in the activity of the CYP2A6 hepatic enzyme - and titrating doses appropriately.	Nicotine	62-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	263-269
30537800-8	2018	Moreover expression of CD11a and CXCR4 after nicotine incubation was upregulated as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis, These data indicated that nicotine by stimulation of inflammatory cytokines induces immune response.	Nicotine	45-53	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
30537800-8	2018	Moreover expression of CD11a and CXCR4 after nicotine incubation was upregulated as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis, These data indicated that nicotine by stimulation of inflammatory cytokines induces immune response.	Nicotine	151-159	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
29715455-0	2018	Regulatory effect of nicotine on the differentiation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 lymphocyte subsets in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	Nicotine	21-29	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	56-59
29715455-3	2018	Herein, the effects of nicotine on the differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were assessed.	Nicotine	23-31	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	58-61
29715455-9	2018	The results showed nicotine reduced IL-17A and increased IL-4 produced by stimulated PBMCs.	Nicotine	19-27	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	36-42
29715455-10	2018	During Th17 differentiation conditions, nicotine reduced the levels of IL-17A and RORc, induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.	Nicotine	40-48	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	71-77
29715455-11	2018	Meanwhile, nicotine increased the levels of IL-4 and GATA3 during Th2 differentiation.	Nicotine	11-19	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
29715455-14	2018	These results demonstrate that nicotine suppresses Th17 differentiation, promotes Th2 differentiation and improves Th1/Th2 imbalance in RA patients, providing a new justification for its application in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	Nicotine	31-39	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	51-54
29677582-1	2018	The objective of the current study is to test the hypothesis that the deletion of alpha(alpha)2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) (encoded by the Chrna2 gene) ablate maternal nicotine-induced learning and memory deficits in adolescent mice.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 2 (neuronal)	Mus musculus	156-162
29486207-7	2018	In human BeWo cells, nicotine decreased 11beta-HSD2 expression, increased nAChRalpha9 expression, and activated ERK1/2/Elk-1/Egr-1 signaling in the concentration (0.1-10 muM)-dependent manner.	Nicotine	21-29	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Homo sapiens	119-124
29416034-6	2018	Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with nicotine resulted in NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase-1, production of downstream interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, and elevation of LDH activity and increase of propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, which were all inhibited by caspase-1 inhibitor.	Nicotine	57-65	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	219-224
28857504-0	2018	Persistent histone modifications at the BDNF and Cdk-5 promoters following extinction of nicotine-seeking in rats.	Nicotine	89-97	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
28857504-6	2018	A history of nicotine exposure significantly decreased H3K14 acetylation at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exon IV promoter, and this effect was abolished with NaB treatment.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	80-113
28857504-6	2018	A history of nicotine exposure significantly decreased H3K14 acetylation at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exon IV promoter, and this effect was abolished with NaB treatment.	Nicotine	13-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
28407244-5	2018	It was observed that nicotine at low concentrations elicit an increase in osteoclast differentiation, but only in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL it was also able to significantly increase the resorbing ability of osteoclasts.	Nicotine	21-29	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	140-145
29158210-9	2018	In conclusion, pregnancy-induced increases in nicotine metabolism start by 12 weeks gestation and continue as pregnancy progresses most likely due to induction of CYP2A6 and UGT2B10, resulting in potential reductions in the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapies and an increase in metabolism of other CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 substrates during pregnancy.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	163-169
29158210-9	2018	In conclusion, pregnancy-induced increases in nicotine metabolism start by 12 weeks gestation and continue as pregnancy progresses most likely due to induction of CYP2A6 and UGT2B10, resulting in potential reductions in the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapies and an increase in metabolism of other CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 substrates during pregnancy.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	311-317
29158210-9	2018	In conclusion, pregnancy-induced increases in nicotine metabolism start by 12 weeks gestation and continue as pregnancy progresses most likely due to induction of CYP2A6 and UGT2B10, resulting in potential reductions in the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapies and an increase in metabolism of other CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 substrates during pregnancy.	Nicotine	241-249	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	163-169
29293602-11	2018	Giving nicotine (100 mug/ml) in drinking water to WT mice for 3 weeks differentially increased the expression of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, alpha7, beta2 and beta4 mRNAs in circumvallate TRCs to varying degrees.	Nicotine	7-15	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	153-158
28032407-1	2018	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) encodes the enzyme responsible for the majority of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	80-88	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
28032407-1	2018	Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) encodes the enzyme responsible for the majority of nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	80-88	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
28714277-9	2018	The Gi/o inhibitor pertussis toxin reversed the inhibitory effect of an FFA3 agonist AR420626 on nicotine-evoked contractions, suggesting that FFA3 activation suppresses nAChR-mediated neural activity in myenteric neurons, consistent with an FFA3-mediated antisecretory effect.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
28290528-0	2018	Nicotine dependence is associated with functional variation in FMO3, an enzyme that metabolizes nicotine in the brain.	Nicotine	0-8	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	63-67
28290528-0	2018	Nicotine dependence is associated with functional variation in FMO3, an enzyme that metabolizes nicotine in the brain.	Nicotine	96-104	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	63-67
28290528-1	2018	A common haplotype of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene FMO3 is associated with aberrant mRNA splicing, a twofold reduction in in vivo nicotine N-oxidation and reduced nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	142-150	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	63-67
28290528-1	2018	A common haplotype of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene FMO3 is associated with aberrant mRNA splicing, a twofold reduction in in vivo nicotine N-oxidation and reduced nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	175-183	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	63-67
28290528-3	2018	CYP2A6, the primary hepatic nicotine metabolism gene, is robustly associated with cigarette consumption but other enzymes contribute to nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	28-36	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
28290528-3	2018	CYP2A6, the primary hepatic nicotine metabolism gene, is robustly associated with cigarette consumption but other enzymes contribute to nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	136-144	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
28290528-4	2018	We determined the effects of common variants in FMO3 on plasma levels of nicotine-N-oxide in 170 European Americans administered deuterated nicotine.	Nicotine	73-81	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	48-52
28290528-5	2018	The polymorphism rs2266780 (E308G) was associated with N-oxidation of both orally administered and ad libitum smoked nicotine (P&lt;=3.3 x 10-5 controlling for CYP2A6 genotype).	Nicotine	117-125	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	160-166
28290528-8	2018	As N-oxidation accounts for only a small percentage of hepatic nicotine metabolism we hypothesized that FMO3 genotype affects nicotine metabolism in the brain (unlike CYP2A6, FMO3 is expressed in human brain) or that nicotine-N-oxide itself has pharmacological activity.	Nicotine	126-134	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	104-108
28290528-9	2018	We demonstrate for the first time nicotine N-oxidation in human brain, mediated by FMO3 and FMO1, and show that nicotine-N-oxide modulates human alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor activity in vitro.	Nicotine	34-42	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	83-87
29232328-0	2018	Novel CYP2A6 diplotypes identified through next-generation sequencing are associated with in-vitro and in-vivo nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	111-119	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
29232328-1	2018	OBJECTIVES: Smoking patterns and cessation rates vary widely across smokers and can be influenced by variation in rates of nicotine metabolism [i.e. cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), enzyme activity].	Nicotine	123-131	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	149-168
29232328-1	2018	OBJECTIVES: Smoking patterns and cessation rates vary widely across smokers and can be influenced by variation in rates of nicotine metabolism [i.e. cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), enzyme activity].	Nicotine	123-131	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	170-176
29232328-2	2018	There is high heritability of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism (60-80%) owing to known and unidentified genetic variation in the CYP2A6 gene.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	30-36
29232328-2	2018	There is high heritability of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism (60-80%) owing to known and unidentified genetic variation in the CYP2A6 gene.	Nicotine	46-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	132-138
29232328-9	2018	Two pairs of novel SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium, allowing us to establish five-SNP diplotypes that were associated with CYP2A6 enzyme activity (rate of nicotine metabolism) in-vitro in the liver bank and in-vivo among smokers.	Nicotine	164-172	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	132-138
29232328-10	2018	CONCLUSION: The novel five-SNP diplotype may be useful to incorporate into CYP2A6 genotype models for personalized prediction of nicotine metabolism rate, cessation success, and response to pharmacotherapies.	Nicotine	129-137	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
28971227-1	2018	RATIONALE: Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist, attenuates effects of nicotine on delay discounting in some rat strains; whether nicotine"s attenuation is specific to nAChR antagonism is unknown.	Nicotine	11-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
29145840-8	2017	Moreover, 180 mg/kg/d MEGR reversed increases in malondialdehyde production, decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and the reduced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 in the nicotine-sensitized Nacc.	Nicotine	238-246	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-230
28850771-10	2017	In a real data application, we apply our method to the sequencing data from Minnesota Twin Study (MTS) and found potential associations of several nicotine receptor subunit (CHRN) genes, including CHRNB3, associated with nicotine dependence and/or alcohol dependence.	Nicotine	147-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-203
28819071-1	2017	Hepatic flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 (FMO3) metabolizes a broad array of nucleophilic heteroatom (e.g., N or S)-containing xenobiotics (e.g., amphetamine, sulindac, benzydamine, ranitidine, tamoxifen, nicotine, and ethionamide), as well as endogenous compounds (e.g., catecholamine and trimethylamine).	Nicotine	207-215	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	0-42
28819071-1	2017	Hepatic flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 (FMO3) metabolizes a broad array of nucleophilic heteroatom (e.g., N or S)-containing xenobiotics (e.g., amphetamine, sulindac, benzydamine, ranitidine, tamoxifen, nicotine, and ethionamide), as well as endogenous compounds (e.g., catecholamine and trimethylamine).	Nicotine	207-215	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	44-48
29027939-0	2017	Nicotine Component of Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) Decreases the Cytotoxicity of CSE in BEAS-2B Cells Stably Expressing Human Cytochrome P450 2A13.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	127-147
29027939-2	2017	We previously found that nicotine inhibited 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) metabolism by CYP2A13, but its influence on other components of cigarette smoke remains unclear.	Nicotine	25-33	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	111-118
29027939-10	2017	These results demonstrate that the nicotine component decreases the metabolic activation of CYP2A13 to CSE and aids in understanding the critical role of CYP2A13 in human respiratory diseases caused by cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	92-99
29027939-10	2017	These results demonstrate that the nicotine component decreases the metabolic activation of CYP2A13 to CSE and aids in understanding the critical role of CYP2A13 in human respiratory diseases caused by cigarette smoking.	Nicotine	35-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	154-161
28743761-0	2017	Naturally Segregating Variation at Ugt86Dd Contributes to Nicotine Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.	Nicotine	58-66	UDP-glycosyltransferase family 35 member C1	Drosophila melanogaster	35-42
28743761-5	2017	RNAseq showed that Ugt86Dd had significantly higher expression in genotypes that are more resistant to nicotine, and anterior midgut-specific RNA interference (RNAi) of this gene reduced resistance.	Nicotine	103-111	UDP-glycosyltransferase family 35 member C1	Drosophila melanogaster	19-26
28766689-5	2017	Here, we demonstrated that nicotine exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by TIPE2 upregulation and phosphorylated stat3 mediated the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which was supported by the following evidence: firstly, both nicotine and TIPE2 inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release via NF-kappaB inactivation.	Nicotine	27-35	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	242-247
28766689-6	2017	Secondly, nicotine upregulates TIPE2 expression via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	10-18	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
28766689-9	2017	Hence, this study revealed that TIPE2 upregulation and stat3 phosphorylation contribute to nicotine-mediated anti-inflammation effect, indicating that TIPE2 and stat3 might be potential molecules for dealing with inflammation-associated diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
28766689-9	2017	Hence, this study revealed that TIPE2 upregulation and stat3 phosphorylation contribute to nicotine-mediated anti-inflammation effect, indicating that TIPE2 and stat3 might be potential molecules for dealing with inflammation-associated diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	TNF alpha induced protein 8 like 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
28663092-6	2017	An application of nicotine significantly enhanced both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs): the former effect was mediated by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs while the latter one was mediated largely by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs and to a minor extent by activation of alpha7-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	18-26	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	202-207
28663092-6	2017	An application of nicotine significantly enhanced both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs): the former effect was mediated by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs while the latter one was mediated largely by activation of beta2-containing nAChRs and to a minor extent by activation of alpha7-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	18-26	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	285-290
28663092-9	2017	Blockade of GABAA receptors or beta2-containing nAChRs prevented the effects of nicotine on synaptic potentiation.	Nicotine	80-88	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	31-36
28440100-8	2017	Moreover, nicotine increased the mRNA levels of TAA-induced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen type I alpha 1 in the liver.	Nicotine	10-18	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	107-130
28576726-9	2017	Co-administration of the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist SCH23390 completely reversed the selective effects of nicotine on DLS MSN dendrite morphology, supporting a causal role for dopamine signaling at D1 receptors in nicotine-induced dendrite restructuring.	Nicotine	117-125	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
28340505-2	2017	Recently, MHb together with its primary target, the interpeduncular nucleus (IP), have been identified as major players in mediating the aversive effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	157-165	MHB	Homo sapiens	10-13
28340505-3	2017	However, structures downstream of the MHb-IP axis, including the median (MnR) and caudal dorsal raphe nucleus (DRC), may contribute to the behavioral effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	161-169	MHB	Homo sapiens	38-41
28644870-8	2017	Histopathological analysis and the expression level of the pro-angiogenic genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) revealed that chronic nicotine administration enhanced alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization.	Nicotine	182-190	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	116-120
28600524-9	2017	In addition, cotinine and nicotine-cotinine mixture suppressed VEGF and IL-8 expression and upregulated TIMP-2 expression.	Nicotine	26-34	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	104-110
28583088-10	2017	Finally, we found that liver-specific CHRNA4 transcription was highly correlated with genes involved in the nicotine metabolism, including CYP2A6, UGT2B7, and FMO3.	Nicotine	108-116	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	139-145
28583088-10	2017	Finally, we found that liver-specific CHRNA4 transcription was highly correlated with genes involved in the nicotine metabolism, including CYP2A6, UGT2B7, and FMO3.	Nicotine	108-116	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	147-153
28583088-10	2017	Finally, we found that liver-specific CHRNA4 transcription was highly correlated with genes involved in the nicotine metabolism, including CYP2A6, UGT2B7, and FMO3.	Nicotine	108-116	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	159-163
28235586-2	2017	In Experiment 1, we analyzed the role of alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) in nicotine behavioral sensitization and on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) response to nicotine in NQ- and neonatally saline (NS)-treated rats.	Nicotine	194-202	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	141-174
28235586-2	2017	In Experiment 1, we analyzed the role of alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) in nicotine behavioral sensitization and on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) response to nicotine in NQ- and neonatally saline (NS)-treated rats.	Nicotine	194-202	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	176-180
28235586-9	2017	NQ enhanced the NAcc BDNF response to nicotine which was blocked by both antagonists.	Nicotine	38-46	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
28235586-11	2017	These results suggest a relationship between accumbal BDNF and alpha4beta2 nAChRs and their role in the behavioral response to nicotine in the NQ model which has relevance to schizophrenia, a behavioral disorder with high rates of tobacco smoking.	Nicotine	127-135	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
28258105-12	2017	CSE and nicotine-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen content were mediated through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and were dependent on PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and reduced p38-MAPK phosphorylation.	Nicotine	8-16	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	167-176
28181923-7	2017	RESULTS: The overall frequency of genetically reduced nicotine metabolizers, those with CYP2A6 decrease-of-function or loss-of-function alleles, was lower in the NP compared with the SW (P=0.0006).	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
28432340-4	2017	No association was observed in a sample of 3,245 nicotine-unexposed individuals from the same discovery cohort, consistent with the conclusion that the finding is related to CYP2A6 involvement in nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	196-204	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	174-180
28306606-0	2017	Spinal microglial P2X4 receptor-brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling regulates nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.	Nicotine	86-94	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	32-65
27865452-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Variation in the CYP2A6 gene alters the rate of nicotine metabolic inactivation and is associated with smoking behaviors and cessation success rates.	Nicotine	60-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
27865452-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Because the CYP2A6 effect was seen only in smokers, these data suggest that the rate of nicotine metabolism-and thus the concentration of nicotine presented to the brain over the course of nicotine addiction-shapes brain circuits that, among other functions, compute reward and impulsivity processes.	Nicotine	101-109	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
27865452-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Because the CYP2A6 effect was seen only in smokers, these data suggest that the rate of nicotine metabolism-and thus the concentration of nicotine presented to the brain over the course of nicotine addiction-shapes brain circuits that, among other functions, compute reward and impulsivity processes.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
27865452-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Because the CYP2A6 effect was seen only in smokers, these data suggest that the rate of nicotine metabolism-and thus the concentration of nicotine presented to the brain over the course of nicotine addiction-shapes brain circuits that, among other functions, compute reward and impulsivity processes.	Nicotine	151-159	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	25-31
27295092-8	2017	The c-fos protein levels of the C8-T5 lateral horn neurons and the blood catecholamine levels were increased in the nicotine group, but the cervical vagal activity was not changed.	Nicotine	116-124	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
28321180-3	2017	We explored multiple kinases by which nicotine can modulate gamma oscillations induced by kainate in rat hippocampal area CA3 in vitro.	Nicotine	38-46	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
27974382-0	2017	Functional Characterization of 34 CYP2A6 Allelic Variants by Assessment of Nicotine C-Oxidation and Coumarin 7-Hydroxylation Activities.	Nicotine	75-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
27974382-1	2017	CYP2A6, a member of the cytochrome P450 (P450) family, is one of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of therapeutic drugs and such tobacco components as nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and N-nitrosodiethylamine.	Nicotine	160-168	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
27974382-3	2017	In this study, we conducted an in vitro analysis of 34 allelic variants of CYP2A6 using nicotine and coumarin as representative CYP2A6 substrates.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
27974382-3	2017	In this study, we conducted an in vitro analysis of 34 allelic variants of CYP2A6 using nicotine and coumarin as representative CYP2A6 substrates.	Nicotine	88-96	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	128-134
27974382-4	2017	These variant CYP2A6 proteins were heterologously expressed in 293FT cells, and their enzymatic activities were assessed on the basis of nicotine C-oxidation and coumarin 7-hydroxylation activities.	Nicotine	137-145	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	14-20
27974382-5	2017	Among the 34 CYP2A6 variants, CYP2A6.2, CYP2A6.5, CYP2A6.6, CYP2A6.10, CYP2A6.26, CYP2A6.36, and CYP2A6.37 exhibited no enzymatic activity, whereas 14 other variants exhibited markedly reduced activity toward both nicotine and coumarin.	Nicotine	214-222	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
27956702-7	2017	Our study showed that nicotine treatment significantly decreases the levels of miR-493-with a concomitant increase in the levels of Snail-an indication of progression of cells toward tumorigenesis, reestablishing the role of tobacco as a major risk factor for head and neck cancers and elucidating the mechanism behind nicotine-mediated tumorigenesis.	Nicotine	22-30	snail family zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	132-137
28111280-0	2017	Inhibition of Gata4 and Tbx5 by Nicotine-Mediated DNA Methylation in Myocardial Differentiation.	Nicotine	32-40	GATA binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
28111280-4	2017	Persistent nicotine exposure selectively inhibited expression of two cardiac genes, Tbx5 and Gata4, by promoter DNA hypermethylation.	Nicotine	11-19	GATA binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
27784625-6	2017	Chronic nicotine exposure causes enhanced GluN2B-NMDAR responses via Src upregulation and recruits Fyn for the enhancement of GluN2A-NMDAR responses.	Nicotine	8-16	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	42-48
27784625-6	2017	Chronic nicotine exposure causes enhanced GluN2B-NMDAR responses via Src upregulation and recruits Fyn for the enhancement of GluN2A-NMDAR responses.	Nicotine	8-16	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
28011981-10	2017	This nicotine-induced enhancement of Pavlovian alcohol-seeking was blocked by pre-treatment with the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
27815364-1	2017	Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6: metabolizes several clinically relevant substrates, including nicotine, the primary psychoactive component in cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
27815364-1	2017	Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6: metabolizes several clinically relevant substrates, including nicotine, the primary psychoactive component in cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	90-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
27815364-5	2017	CYP2A6 enzyme activity was determined through measurement of cotinine formation from nicotine and 7-hydroxycoumarin formation from coumarin.	Nicotine	85-93	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
27815364-15	2017	Overall, several independent and shared sources of variation in CYP2A6 activity in vitro have been identified, which could translate to variable hepatic clearance of nicotine.	Nicotine	166-174	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
27940499-0	2017	The effects of adolescent methylphenidate exposure on the behavioral and brain-derived neurotrophic factor response to nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-106
27940499-9	2017	In addition, methylphenidate and nicotine increased nucleus accumbens brain-derived neurotrophic factor in females and methylphenidate enhanced hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor in males and females.	Nicotine	33-41	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-103
27940499-10	2017	Methylphenidate adolescent exposure using a clinically relevant dose and regimen results in changes in the behavioral and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to nicotine in adolescence that are sex-dependent.	Nicotine	169-177	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	122-155
27493155-0	2016	The CB1 Neutral Antagonist AM4113 Retains the Therapeutic Efficacy of the Inverse Agonist Rimonabant for Nicotine Dependence and Weight Loss with Better Psychiatric Tolerability.	Nicotine	105-113	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
27493155-3	2016	Here we evaluated the effects of the CB1 neutral antagonist AM4113 on the abuse-related effects of nicotine and its effects on anxiety and depressive-like behavior in rats.	Nicotine	99-107	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
27976742-6	2016	In the fetuses, decreased body weight and organ index of fetal thymus, histological changes in fetal thymus, reduced CD4SP proportion and increased fetal thymocyte apoptosis were observed in nicotine group.	Nicotine	191-199	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	117-120
27693397-0	2016	Selective CRF2 receptor agonists ameliorate the anxiety- and depression-like state developed during chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal in mice.	Nicotine	108-116	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Mus musculus	10-23
27693397-1	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the selective agonists of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) 2 receptor, urocortin 2 (UCN 2) and urocortin 3 (UCN 3), on the anxiety- and depression-like signs induced by acute nicotine withdrawal in mice.	Nicotine	246-254	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Mus musculus	93-140
27693397-8	2016	Central administration of UCN 2 or UCN 3 ameliorated the anxiety- and depression-like state including the hyperactivity of the HPA axis, developed during acute withdrawal following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	189-197	urocortin 2	Mus musculus	26-31
27638450-8	2016	Interestingly, these nocifensive behavior alterations and differential responses to nicotine antinociceptive effects in BTBR mice were associated with significant downregulation of alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, beta3, and beta4 nAChR subunits in several cerebral regions both, during embryonic development and adulthood.	Nicotine	84-92	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	213-218
28101244-1	2016	Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 participates in the metabolism of nicotine and precarcinogens, thus the deliberate inhibition of CYP2A6 may reduce cigarette consumption and therefore reduce the risk of developing the types of cancer associated with smoking.	Nicotine	66-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	129-135
27907022-10	2016	In vitro studies, nephrin expression in podocyte was decreased by nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	18-25
27599351-2	2016	In the current study, a pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic integrated approach is described, based on the development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for nicotine metabolite ratio assay in plasma and a real-time PCR analysis for fast genotyping of CYP2A6.	Nicotine	189-197	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	283-289
27599351-6	2016	Overall, the findings of the current study demonstrate that the simultaneous assessment of nicotine metabolite ratio and CYP2A6 genotype from human blood samples is feasible and accurate and could be used in a smoking cessation program to optimize treatments and identify those smokers who inherit metabolically deficient CYP2A6 alleles.	Nicotine	91-99	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	322-328
27491589-0	2016	Nicotinic receptor blockade decreases fos immunoreactivity within orexin/hypocretin-expressing neurons of nicotine-exposed rats.	Nicotine	106-114	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
27656031-0	2016	Stress-Induced Reinstatement of Nicotine Preference Requires Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Activity in the Basolateral Amygdala.	Nicotine	32-40	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	61-70
27656031-2	2016	Due to nicotine"s high propensity for stress-induced relapse, we hypothesized that stress would induce reinstatement of nicotine seeking-like behavior in a KOR-dependent manner.	Nicotine	7-15	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	156-159
27656031-2	2016	Due to nicotine"s high propensity for stress-induced relapse, we hypothesized that stress would induce reinstatement of nicotine seeking-like behavior in a KOR-dependent manner.	Nicotine	120-128	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	156-159
27656031-4	2016	induce reinstatement of nicotine CPP in a norbinaltorphimine (norBNI, a KOR antagonist)-sensitive manner, indicating that KOR activity is necessary for stress-induced nicotine CPP reinstatement.	Nicotine	24-32	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	122-125
27656031-4	2016	induce reinstatement of nicotine CPP in a norbinaltorphimine (norBNI, a KOR antagonist)-sensitive manner, indicating that KOR activity is necessary for stress-induced nicotine CPP reinstatement.	Nicotine	167-175	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	122-125
27656031-11	2016	Considered together, our findings suggest that activation of the DYN/KOR system and Galphai signaling within the BLA is both necessary and sufficient to produce reinstatement of nicotine preference.	Nicotine	178-186	prodynorphin	Mus musculus	65-68
27490263-10	2016	A significant multiplicative model interaction between nicotine dependence and the SLC6A3 gene score on smoking cessation was also observed (p = .03).	Nicotine	55-63	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	83-89
27490263-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: There is a significant multiplicative model interaction of SLC6A3 gene score and nicotine dependence on smoking cessation.	Nicotine	122-130	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	100-106
26553320-10	2016	Compared with the monoculture, MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21 in supernatant of cocultures were markedly elevated after treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	165-173	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	75-80
27102349-7	2016	Nicotine self-administration was elevated in the P44 group, peaked at P54-60 and was drastically lower in the P66 through P86 groups.	Nicotine	0-8	interferon-induced protein 44	Mus musculus	49-52
27102349-7	2016	Nicotine self-administration was elevated in the P44 group, peaked at P54-60 and was drastically lower in the P66 through P86 groups.	Nicotine	0-8	CD79B antigen like complex	Mus musculus	122-125
27394171-5	2016	Moreover, our data also demonstrate that both WPSE and nicotine exposure significantly (p&lt;0.05) elevates Ub-LC3beta co-localization to aggresome-bodies while inducing Ub-p62 co-expression/accumulation, verifying autophagy-impairment.	Nicotine	55-63	nucleoporin 62	Mus musculus	173-176
27394171-8	2016	The inhaled nicotine exposure mediated oxidative-stress induces autophagy-impairment in the murine lungs as seen by significant (p&lt;0.05, n=4) increase in the expression levels of nitrotyrosine protein-adduct (oxidative-stress marker, soluble-fraction) and Ub/p62/VCP (impaired-autophagy marker, insoluble-fraction).	Nicotine	12-20	nucleoporin 62	Mus musculus	262-265
27394171-8	2016	The inhaled nicotine exposure mediated oxidative-stress induces autophagy-impairment in the murine lungs as seen by significant (p&lt;0.05, n=4) increase in the expression levels of nitrotyrosine protein-adduct (oxidative-stress marker, soluble-fraction) and Ub/p62/VCP (impaired-autophagy marker, insoluble-fraction).	Nicotine	12-20	valosin containing protein	Mus musculus	266-269
26955970-6	2016	The results show that (1) tranylcypromine (TCP), a known MAO inhibitor, increases sensitivity to the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, shifting the dose-response curve for nicotine to the left, (2) inhibition of MAO-A, but not MAO-B, increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, (3) partial MAO-A inhibition, to the degree observed in chronic cigarette smokers, also increases low-dose nicotine self-administration, and (4) TCP decreases the threshold nicotine dose required for reinforcement enhancement.	Nicotine	132-140	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	234-239
27074301-0	2016	Sex differences in neurotensin and substance P following nicotine self-administration in rats.	Nicotine	57-65	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	19-30
27074301-1	2016	Investigator-administered nicotine alters neurotensin and substance P levels in Sprague-Dawley rats.	Nicotine	26-34	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	42-53
27074301-3	2016	We sought to extend this observation by determining the responses of neurotensin and substance P systems (assessed using radioimmunoassay) in male and female rats following nicotine self-administration (SA).	Nicotine	173-181	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	69-80
27420363-0	2016	Why Pregnant Women Should Avoid Any Form of Nicotine during Pregnancy: An Elastin-based Perspective.	Nicotine	44-52	elastin	Homo sapiens	74-81
27420365-0	2016	Reply: Why Pregnant Women Should Avoid Any Form of Nicotine during Pregnancy: An Elastin-based Perspective.	Nicotine	51-59	elastin	Homo sapiens	81-88
26867505-12	2016	alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists mimicked the effect of nicotine and selective removal of hippocampal cholinergic input caused depotentiation in the absence of nicotine, suggesting that nicotine depotentiates consolidated LTP by inducing alpha7 nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
27228072-0	2016	Nicotine-Mediated Regulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma by E2F1 and STAT1 Transcription Factors.	Nicotine	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	116-121
27200055-4	2016	Of the proteins identified, calreticulin and auxin-responsive protein indole acetic acid (IAA9) were involved in the secondary growth of roots; leucine-rich repeat disease resistance, heat shock protein 70, and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 were involved in the wounding stress response; and F-box protein played an important role in promoting the ability of nicotine synthesis after topping.	Nicotine	363-371	calreticulin	Nicotiana tabacum	28-40
26992205-0	2016	Increased chemoresistance via Snail-Raf kinase inhibitor protein signaling in colorectal cancer in response to a nicotine derivative.	Nicotine	113-121	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-64
26069034-2	2016	Inter-individual differences in smoking behavior result, in part, from variation in the rate of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	112-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
26961950-1	2016	Upregulation of beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is implicated in several aspects of nicotine addiction, and menthol cigarette smokers tend to upregulate beta2* nAChRs more than nonmenthol cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	129-137	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	16-21
26961950-1	2016	Upregulation of beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is implicated in several aspects of nicotine addiction, and menthol cigarette smokers tend to upregulate beta2* nAChRs more than nonmenthol cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	129-137	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	42-47
26961950-1	2016	Upregulation of beta2 subunit-containing (beta2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is implicated in several aspects of nicotine addiction, and menthol cigarette smokers tend to upregulate beta2* nAChRs more than nonmenthol cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	129-137	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	42-47
26303264-2	2016	GLP-1 receptors are expressed in reward-related areas such as the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, and GLP-1 was recently shown to regulate several alcohol-mediated behaviors as well as amphetamine-induced, cocaine-induced and nicotine-induced reward.	Nicotine	240-248	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
26303264-2	2016	GLP-1 receptors are expressed in reward-related areas such as the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, and GLP-1 was recently shown to regulate several alcohol-mediated behaviors as well as amphetamine-induced, cocaine-induced and nicotine-induced reward.	Nicotine	240-248	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
26818358-1	2016	Genetic variation in cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene is the primary contributor to the intraindividual and interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and has been found to influence smoking intensity.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	21-40
26818358-1	2016	Genetic variation in cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene is the primary contributor to the intraindividual and interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and has been found to influence smoking intensity.	Nicotine	140-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	42-48
26810225-9	2016	Finally, mRNA transcript levels for CCL2 and CXCL2, chemokines involved in the chemotaxis of proinflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, respectively, are reduced in the brain of nicotine-treated EAE mice before the massive infiltration of these cells.	Nicotine	178-186	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	36-40
26647419-0	2016	Protein profile screening: reduced expression of Sord in the mouse epididymis induced by nicotine inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation level in capacitated spermatozoa.	Nicotine	89-97	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	49-53
26647419-5	2016	Sord, a key gene encoding sorbitol dehydrogenase, was further investigated to reveal that nicotine induced hyper-methylation of the promoter region of this gene.	Nicotine	90-98	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-4
26647419-5	2016	Sord, a key gene encoding sorbitol dehydrogenase, was further investigated to reveal that nicotine induced hyper-methylation of the promoter region of this gene.	Nicotine	90-98	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	26-48
26647419-6	2016	Nicotine-induced reduced expression of Sord could be involved in impaired secretory functions of the epididymis and thus prevent the sperm from undergoing proper maturation and capacitation, although further experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis.	Nicotine	0-8	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	39-43
26607717-0	2016	Nicotine Induced Murine Spermatozoa Apoptosis via Up-Regulation of Deubiquitinated RIP1 by Trim27 Promoter Hypomethylation.	Nicotine	0-8	tripartite motif-containing 27	Mus musculus	91-97
26499267-4	2016	Nicotine"s effects on fetal articular chondrocytes were studied by exposing chondrocytes to nicotine for 10 d, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor, was used to identify the change of nicotine"s effect.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	154-198
26499267-4	2016	Nicotine"s effects on fetal articular chondrocytes were studied by exposing chondrocytes to nicotine for 10 d, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor, was used to identify the change of nicotine"s effect.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	200-205
26499267-7	2016	The result of chondrocytes revealed that nicotine impeded the expression of Col2A1, aggrecan, and IGF1; blocking alpha4beta2-nAChR rescued nicotine"s suppression.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
26499267-8	2016	In conclusion, PNE increases the susceptibility of adult offspring to OA; the potential mechanism involves IGF1 low-functional programming in articular cartilage caused directly by the action of nicotine on alpha4beta2-nAChR.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	219-224
25744963-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: The present study sought to identify time-dependent within-participant effects of CYP2A6 genotypes on smoking frequency and nicotine dependence in young smokers.	Nicotine	138-146	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
25744963-2	2016	METHODS: Predicted nicotine metabolic rate based on CYP2A6 diplotypes (CYP2A6 diplotype predicted rate [CDPR]) was partitioned into Normal, Intermediate, and Slow categories using a metabolism metric.	Nicotine	19-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	52-58
25744963-2	2016	METHODS: Predicted nicotine metabolic rate based on CYP2A6 diplotypes (CYP2A6 diplotype predicted rate [CDPR]) was partitioned into Normal, Intermediate, and Slow categories using a metabolism metric.	Nicotine	19-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	71-77
26518023-9	2016	In the smoking group, there was a significant correlation between BDNF and carbon monoxide concentration, and between BDNF and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) total score.	Nicotine	151-159	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	118-122
27251500-3	2016	Kaempferol, kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, puerarin and ferulic acid showed strong inhibition of nicotine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) expression while kaempferol, kaempferin, and caffeic acid attenuated intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression.	Nicotine	107-115	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	267-273
26648056-5	2016	Administering chemical inhibitors of CYP2A6 has been shown to slow down the elimination of nicotine with consequent reduction in number of cigarettes smoked.	Nicotine	91-99	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	37-43
26530054-9	2016	Nicotine increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, Akt and PI3K p85 but had no effect on phosphorylation of JNK, or NF-kappaB.	Nicotine	0-8	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
26633299-4	2015	The results showed that chronic exposure of mice to nicotine significantly inhibits thiamin uptake in murine PAC, and that this inhibition is associated with a marked decrease in expression of THTR-1 and THTR-2 at the protein, mRNA and hnRNAs level.	Nicotine	52-60	solute carrier family 19, member 3	Mus musculus	204-210
26619345-1	2015	High affinity nicotine-binding sites in the mammalian brain are neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) assembled from at least alpha4 and beta2 subunits into pentameric ion channels.	Nicotine	14-22	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	139-145
26619345-6	2015	Here we report that the inhibition of class1 phosphoinositide 3-kinases isoform PI3Kbeta using the selective antagonist PI828 is alone sufficient to produce upregulation and enhance both nicotine and choline HC3-sensitive mediated upregulation.	Nicotine	187-195	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta	Homo sapiens	80-88
26272810-1	2015	UNLABELLED: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a stable measure of hepatic nicotine metabolism via the CYP2A6 pathway and total nicotine clearance, is a predictive biomarker of response to nicotine replacement therapy, with increased quit rates in slower metabolizers.	Nicotine	16-24	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
26272810-1	2015	UNLABELLED: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a stable measure of hepatic nicotine metabolism via the CYP2A6 pathway and total nicotine clearance, is a predictive biomarker of response to nicotine replacement therapy, with increased quit rates in slower metabolizers.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
26272810-1	2015	UNLABELLED: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a stable measure of hepatic nicotine metabolism via the CYP2A6 pathway and total nicotine clearance, is a predictive biomarker of response to nicotine replacement therapy, with increased quit rates in slower metabolizers.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
26272810-1	2015	UNLABELLED: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a stable measure of hepatic nicotine metabolism via the CYP2A6 pathway and total nicotine clearance, is a predictive biomarker of response to nicotine replacement therapy, with increased quit rates in slower metabolizers.	Nicotine	77-85	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
26507386-8	2015	The mRNA expressions and protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly downregulated in dose-dependent manners in the nicotine treatment groups compared to the infected untreated group.	Nicotine	147-155	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	74-80
26044637-0	2015	Effects of orally-bioavailable short-acting kappa opioid receptor-selective antagonist LY2456302 on nicotine withdrawal in mice.	Nicotine	100-108	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	44-65
26311342-0	2015	Nicotine elevates sperm motility and induces Pfn1 promoter hypomethylation in mouse testis.	Nicotine	0-8	profilin 1	Mus musculus	45-49
26311342-4	2015	Further investigation of a central regulatory factor in the cytoskeleton regulation, profilin 1 (PFN1), revealed that nicotine-induced Pfn1 over-expression in mouse testes, specifically in elongated spermatids, by Pfn1 promoter hypomethylation.	Nicotine	118-126	profilin 1	Mus musculus	85-95
26311342-4	2015	Further investigation of a central regulatory factor in the cytoskeleton regulation, profilin 1 (PFN1), revealed that nicotine-induced Pfn1 over-expression in mouse testes, specifically in elongated spermatids, by Pfn1 promoter hypomethylation.	Nicotine	118-126	profilin 1	Mus musculus	97-101
26184482-7	2015	Phospho-specific Akt (pAkt) and phospho-specific p70 S6 kinase (pS6) were significantly upregulated by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	103-111	taste 2 receptor member 63 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	49-62
26184482-7	2015	Phospho-specific Akt (pAkt) and phospho-specific p70 S6 kinase (pS6) were significantly upregulated by nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	103-111	taste 2 receptor member 63 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	64-67
26184482-8	2015	Tumor growth in vivo was significantly induced by nicotine exposure in accordance with increased pS6 expression.	Nicotine	50-58	taste 2 receptor member 63 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	97-100
26184482-9	2015	Nicotine attenuated inhibition of T24 cell growth by CDDP and further upregulated pS6 expression in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	0-8	taste 2 receptor member 63 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	82-85
26184482-10	2015	NVP-BZE235 inhibited T24 cell proliferation and pAkt and pS6 expression induced after exposure to nicotine and/or CDDP.	Nicotine	98-106	taste 2 receptor member 63 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	57-60
26048072-5	2015	Moreover, as it is known that nicotine could upregulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in pulpal inflammation, the effects of nicotine stimulation on MMP-2 and MMP-28 gene expression have also been investigated.	Nicotine	30-38	matrix metallopeptidase 28	Homo sapiens	198-204
26048072-5	2015	Moreover, as it is known that nicotine could upregulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in pulpal inflammation, the effects of nicotine stimulation on MMP-2 and MMP-28 gene expression have also been investigated.	Nicotine	164-172	matrix metallopeptidase 28	Homo sapiens	198-204
26014804-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The highly genetically variable enzyme CYP2A6 metabolizes nicotine to cotinine (COT) and COT to trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3HC).	Nicotine	70-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	51-57
26079093-4	2015	Chronic nicotine administration increased levels of gastrin, ghrelin and histamine but decreased prostaglandin E2 .	Nicotine	8-16	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	52-59
26079093-6	2015	The negative impact of nicotine administration on gastric structure was associated with an increased concentration of gastrin and decreased prostaglandin E2 , which might be the cause of gastric/peptic ulcers in heavy smokers.	Nicotine	23-31	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	118-125
26079093-12	2015	Different routes of chronic nicotine administration resulted in a significant increase in serum and gastric homogenate gastrin and ghrelin concentrations and a significant decrease in serum and homogenate PGE2 concentrations compared with the control group.	Nicotine	28-36	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	119-126
26079093-13	2015	Moreover, nicotine administration via oral and inhalation routes caused gastric erosion, transformation of peptic cells into the mucous variety, a significant increase in parietal cell numbers and an increase in expression of gastrin.	Nicotine	10-18	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	226-233
26079093-14	2015	In conclusion, the negative impact of nicotine administration on gastric structure that is associated with an increased concentration of gastrin and decreased concentration PGE2 might be the leading cause of gastric/peptic ulcers in heavy smokers.	Nicotine	38-46	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	137-144
26079093-16	2015	Based on these findings, we suggest that the alteration in gastric structure following chronic administration of nicotine can be prevented by reducing gastrin secretion and/or targeting its receptors.	Nicotine	113-121	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	151-158
26031442-0	2015	Discovering the mechanisms underlying serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptor regulation following nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Nicotine	98-106	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
26031442-12	2015	Here, we show that the reduction in 5-HT2A receptor transcript level may be an auto-regulatory response to the increased receptor number in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal, while attenuated 5-HT2C receptor mRNA editing in the hippocampus might explain reduced inverse agonist binding to 5-HT2C receptor and suggest a shift toward a population of more active receptors.	Nicotine	190-198	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	325-331
26169054-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine can produce progressive increases in locomotor activity and enhanced expression of c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain dopaminergic areas.	Nicotine	71-79	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
26169054-4	2015	This study was carried out to investigate the effects of PJ on repeated nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization of locomotor activity and c-Fos and TH expression in the rat brain using immunohistochemistry.	Nicotine	72-80	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
26172404-0	2015	In utero nicotine exposure epigenetically alters fetal chromatin structure and differentially regulates transcription of the glucocorticoid receptor in a rat model.	Nicotine	9-17	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-148
26172404-2	2015	Animal models have shown that nicotine exposure in utero is associated with increased risk of asthma and cognitive deficits, as well as increased expression of the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor.	Nicotine	30-38	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-199
26172404-8	2015	Expression of splice variant 1.7 of the glucocorticoid receptor is reduced in the nicotine exposed offspring lung (0.25-fold; p = 0.038).	Nicotine	82-90	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-63
26150803-10	2015	Thus, these findings indicate that the direct injection of Tat at the VTA may mediate CREB and ERK activity in response to nicotine-induced locomotor activity.	Nicotine	123-131	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
26039516-0	2015	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Dependent Chorda Tympani Taste Nerve Responses to Nicotine, Ethanol and Acetylcholine.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
26039516-0	2015	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Dependent Chorda Tympani Taste Nerve Responses to Nicotine, Ethanol and Acetylcholine.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
26039516-1	2015	Nicotine elicits bitter taste by activating TRPM5-dependent and TRPM5-independent but neuronal nAChR-dependent pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
25689019-4	2015	AT-1001 is a high affinity alpha3beta4 nAChR partial agonist recently found to block nicotine self-administration and relapse-like behavior in rats.	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
26770776-8	2015	The effect of two cigarette constituents, nicotine and cotinine, on DNA methyltransferase 1 expression was also examined.	Nicotine	42-50	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	68-91
26770776-9	2015	Nicotine exposure significantly increased DNA methyltransferase 1 expression in a dose-dependent manner (greater than twofold at 50 microM).	Nicotine	0-8	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	42-65
25107281-9	2015	The reduced expression of anhedonic signs during nicotine withdrawal in beta2(-/-) mice may have resulted from the lack of neuroadaptations in beta2 nACh receptor subunit expression and function that may have occurred during either nicotine exposure or nicotine withdrawal in wildtype mice.	Nicotine	49-57	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	72-77
25107281-10	2015	In conclusion, individuals with genetic variations that result in diminished function of the beta2 nACh receptor subunit may experience less anhedonia during nicotine withdrawal, which may facilitate smoking cessation.	Nicotine	158-166	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	93-98
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-29
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-37
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	92-100	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	73-78
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	172-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	10-29
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	172-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	31-37
25857233-1	2015	The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	172-180	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	73-78
25762751-9	2015	During nicotine exposure, intact females displayed a decrease in CRF-R1, CRF-R2, Drd3, and Esr2 gene expression and an increase in CRF-BP.	Nicotine	7-15	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
25762751-9	2015	During nicotine exposure, intact females displayed a decrease in CRF-R1, CRF-R2, Drd3, and Esr2 gene expression and an increase in CRF-BP.	Nicotine	7-15	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
25762751-9	2015	During nicotine exposure, intact females displayed a decrease in CRF-R1, CRF-R2, Drd3, and Esr2 gene expression and an increase in CRF-BP.	Nicotine	7-15	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	131-137
25600647-6	2015	Stimulation of multiple NSCLC cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of beta-arrestin-1 and E2F1 on vimentin, fibronectin, and ZEB1 and ZEB2 promoters.	Nicotine	46-54	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
24612112-0	2015	A critical role for the melanocortin 4 receptor in stress-induced relapse to nicotine seeking in rats.	Nicotine	77-85	melanocortin 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	24-47
25183693-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Nicotine use is associated with the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum.	Nicotine	14-22	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	66-99
25183693-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Nicotine use is associated with the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum.	Nicotine	14-22	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	101-105
25183693-6	2015	RESULTS: Smokers with and without nicotine dependence had higher levels of serum BDNF than former and never-smokers.	Nicotine	34-42	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	81-85
25560939-9	2015	Comparison of previously published tolerance development in beta2(--) mice (less tolerance) to that of beta4(--) mice (more tolerance) supports a differential role for these receptor subtypes in regulating tolerance following chronic nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	234-242	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	60-65
25664463-14	2015	Average nicotine intake for Blu and V2 across both sessions was 1.2 +- 0.5 mg and 1.4 +- 0.7 mg, respectively, which is similar to conventional smokers.	Nicotine	8-16	zinc finger MYND-type containing 10	Homo sapiens	28-31
25314897-0	2015	The exposure to nicotine affects expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in neonate rats.	Nicotine	16-24	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	47-80
25314897-0	2015	The exposure to nicotine affects expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in neonate rats.	Nicotine	16-24	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
25314897-1	2015	In the current study effect of nicotine on expression of neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) has been studied in hippocampus and frontal cortex during development of brain in rats.	Nicotine	31-39	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	72-105
25314897-1	2015	In the current study effect of nicotine on expression of neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) has been studied in hippocampus and frontal cortex during development of brain in rats.	Nicotine	31-39	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
25314897-10	2015	It was concluded that exposure of neonate rats to nicotine causes a decrease in the expression of NGF and BDNF and it effects the development of brain in neonates that can further impair brain functions.	Nicotine	50-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
25155311-9	2015	EtOH and nicotine directly administered into the pVTA resulted in alterations in gene expression in the AcbSh (50.8-fold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2.4-fold decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 10.3-fold increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)) that were not observed following microinjections of equivalent concentrations/doses of ethanol or nicotine.	Nicotine	9-17	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	133-166
25155311-9	2015	EtOH and nicotine directly administered into the pVTA resulted in alterations in gene expression in the AcbSh (50.8-fold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2.4-fold decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 10.3-fold increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)) that were not observed following microinjections of equivalent concentrations/doses of ethanol or nicotine.	Nicotine	9-17	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
25591783-8	2015	Furthermore, two nicotine-related miRNAs, hsa-miR-1305 (22.08 folds, p = 0.040) and hsa-miR-18b (15.56 folds, p = 0.018), were significantly upregulated in smoker PDLSC, suggesting these miRNAs might play an important role in the deteriorative effects on stem cells by cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	17-25	microRNA 1305	Homo sapiens	42-54
25591783-8	2015	Furthermore, two nicotine-related miRNAs, hsa-miR-1305 (22.08 folds, p = 0.040) and hsa-miR-18b (15.56 folds, p = 0.018), were significantly upregulated in smoker PDLSC, suggesting these miRNAs might play an important role in the deteriorative effects on stem cells by cigarette smoke.	Nicotine	17-25	microRNA 18b	Homo sapiens	84-95
25416559-2	2015	Previously, we found that CYP2A6, a nicotine/nitrosamine metabolism gene, was associated with lung cancer risk in European Americans, but smoking habits, lung cancer risk and CYP2A6 gene variants differ significantly between European and African ancestry populations.	Nicotine	36-44	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
25683952-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on learning and memory deficits induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) in rats.	Nicotine	66-74	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	176-181
25683952-3	2015	Nicotine was administered intraperitoneally to the rats at 0.2 mg/kg, once a day for 9 weeks beginning 3 weeks after the Abeta infusion.	Nicotine	0-8	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
25683952-7	2015	Treatment of the rats with nicotine significantly improved the Abeta-induced learning and memory deficits in water maze task.	Nicotine	27-35	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
25683952-11	2015	nAChR ligands including nicotine is thought to be useful as a treatment for Alzheimer"s disease.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
25095782-5	2015	Nicotine inhibits microglial proliferation in primary cultures with and without the stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).	Nicotine	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-155
25381636-6	2015	In conclusion, nicotine-induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions occur in a dose-dependent fashion in both of the cell lines tested.	Nicotine	15-23	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	40-45
25381636-7	2015	Furthermore, the nicotine exposure equivalent to plasma levels found in regular smokers can augment VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	108-113
25381636-7	2015	Furthermore, the nicotine exposure equivalent to plasma levels found in regular smokers can augment VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions through the alpha7-nAChR-JNK pathway.	Nicotine	17-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	162-165
25532105-3	2014	Because carbon disulfide (CS2) mediates social learning of food preference in rodents, we hypothesized that socially acquired nicotine self-administration is also mediated by CS2.	Nicotine	126-134	calsyntenin 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
25532105-3	2014	Because carbon disulfide (CS2) mediates social learning of food preference in rodents, we hypothesized that socially acquired nicotine self-administration is also mediated by CS2.	Nicotine	126-134	calsyntenin 2	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
25532105-9	2014	The group that received 500 ppm CS2 and the olfactogustatory cue obtained a significantly greater number of nicotine infusions than other groups.	Nicotine	108-116	calsyntenin 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
25532105-11	2014	In addition, in rats that received the olfactogustatory cue and 500 ppm CS2 during SA, a social environment where the nicotine-associated olfactory cue is present, induced much stronger drug-seeking behavior compared to a social environment lacking the olfactogustatory cue.	Nicotine	118-126	calsyntenin 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
25532105-12	2014	These data established that CS2 is a critical signal that mediates social learning of nicotine self-administration with olfactogustatory cues in rodents.	Nicotine	86-94	calsyntenin 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
25526961-3	2014	RESULTS: Genotyping results suggested that nicotine dependence among current smokers homozygous for the SLC6A3 10r allele was lower than that of smokers carrying the minor alleles, and that the CYP2A6 polymorphism might mediate this association.	Nicotine	43-51	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	104-110
25041479-8	2014	In contrast, nicotine-induced release of [(3) H]-NA in the IPN and habenula was blocked by TTX and reduced in both beta2-knockout and beta4-knockout mice, and dose-response curves were right-shifted in alpha5-knockout mice.	Nicotine	13-21	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	115-120
25446842-1	2014	The CYP2A6*4 allele, characterized as the whole deletion of this gene, is closely associated with nicotine dependence, cancer susceptibility, and drug responsiveness.	Nicotine	98-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
25401222-7	2014	These studies suggest that nicotine might be promoting NSCLC growth and metastasis by inducing the secretion of SCF, and raise the possibility that targeting signalling cascades that activate E2F1 might be an effective way to combat NSCLC.	Nicotine	27-35	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	112-115
25230311-7	2014	The DAD1 antagonist SCH-23390 and the DAD2/3 antagonist eticlopride reduced conditioned approach in all rats, but specifically reduced goal tracking in the saline pretreated rats and sign tracking in the nicotine pretreated rats.	Nicotine	204-212	defender against cell death 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
25220663-7	2014	A significant amount of the conversion of nicotine to cotinine was observed in EESC pretreatment by CYP2A6 induction in HepG2 cells.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	100-106
25220663-8	2014	These results suggested that hepatic induction of CYP2A6 and ROS reduction by EESC activate nicotine metabolism and reduce cellular oxidative stress.	Nicotine	92-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	50-56
24823947-9	2014	Complementary neuroanalysis revealed that extended nicotine self-administration was associated with increased c-Fos expression in brain regions implicated in habitual control of reward seeking, including activation of the dorsolateral striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta.	Nicotine	51-59	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
25086310-6	2014	Fat, ethanol, and nicotine, but not sucrose, increased the single- and double-labeling of ENK and c-Fos-ir in precisely the same brain areas, the middle parvocellular but not lateral area of the paraventricular nucleus, central but not basolateral nucleus of the AMYG, and core but not shell of the NAc.	Nicotine	18-26	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
24669857-12	2014	In conclusion, long-term exposure to nicotine up-regulated the expression of TLR4 and -6 via a JNK-related pathway, causing an exaggeration of the LPS-induced local airway inflammation and increased AHR.	Nicotine	37-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	95-98
24755145-10	2014	Nicotine attenuated Th17 lineage by reducing IL-17A production and RORgammatau expression.	Nicotine	0-8	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	45-51
24830635-7	2014	Addition of nicotine to HFD further resulted in an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular apoptosis and was associated with activation of caspase 2, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and perturbation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio.	Nicotine	12-20	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	231-234
24886748-10	2014	Furthermore, increased eIF2 alpha phosphorylation, which negatively regulates eukaryotic translational process, was observed in HIV alone and in co-treatment with nicotine compared to untreated control and nicotine alone treated SK-N-MC cells.	Nicotine	163-171	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	23-33
24886748-10	2014	Furthermore, increased eIF2 alpha phosphorylation, which negatively regulates eukaryotic translational process, was observed in HIV alone and in co-treatment with nicotine compared to untreated control and nicotine alone treated SK-N-MC cells.	Nicotine	206-214	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	23-33
24253422-0	2014	Significant associations of CHRNA2 and CHRNA6 with nicotine dependence in European American and African American populations.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
24373903-7	2014	Notably, nicotine pretreatment significantly decreased the density of biotin-tagged GluN2B proteins in NAc synaptosomes.	Nicotine	9-17	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
24399025-8	2014	Both Erk-JNK-p38 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways could be activated by nicotine treatment in Raw264.7 and El4 cells.	Nicotine	71-79	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	9-12
24399025-9	2014	Notably, when Erk-JNK and PI3K-Akt activities were inhibited, nicotine-augmented cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects were abolished accordingly.	Nicotine	62-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	18-21
24549570-10	2014	Moreover, both activation of dopamine-D1 receptor/PKA signaling pathway and histone deacetylation/CBP mediated transcription are required for the nicotine priming effect in the DG.	Nicotine	146-154	CREB binding protein	Mus musculus	98-101
24336649-7	2014	These results suggested that chronic CS-induced changes in vascular tone and structure in PA and the development of pulmonary hypertension might be largely due to upregulation of TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression in PASMCs, in which nicotine played an important role.	Nicotine	226-234	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	189-194
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	139-147	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	107-111
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	268-276	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	107-111
24095990-1	2014	Recent genetic and pharmacological studies have implicated the alpha3, beta4 and alpha5 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in dependence to nicotine and other abused drugs and nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	104-136
24095990-1	2014	Recent genetic and pharmacological studies have implicated the alpha3, beta4 and alpha5 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in dependence to nicotine and other abused drugs and nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
24095990-1	2014	Recent genetic and pharmacological studies have implicated the alpha3, beta4 and alpha5 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in dependence to nicotine and other abused drugs and nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	198-206	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	104-136
24095990-1	2014	Recent genetic and pharmacological studies have implicated the alpha3, beta4 and alpha5 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in dependence to nicotine and other abused drugs and nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	198-206	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
24478678-1	2014	The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, encoding the alpha5, alpha3, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, has been linked to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	4-10
25379267-11	2014	The effect of the neurotensin agonist on cocaine sensitization in the nicotine treated group indicated a possible therapeutic effect for cocaine addiction, even in the presence of enhanced behavioral sensitization induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	70-78	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	18-29
25379267-11	2014	The effect of the neurotensin agonist on cocaine sensitization in the nicotine treated group indicated a possible therapeutic effect for cocaine addiction, even in the presence of enhanced behavioral sensitization induced by nicotine.	Nicotine	225-233	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	18-29
24045616-1	2014	Genome-wide significant associations with cigarettes per day (CPD) and risk for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were previously reported in a region of 19q13, including CYP2A6 (nicotine metabolism enzyme) and EGLN2 (hypoxia response).	Nicotine	206-214	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	198-204
24107512-5	2014	In the circulation, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus, we find that nicotine promotes an increase in CD3(+)CD4(+) cells via its activation of the alpha4 nAChR and regulation of G protein subunit o, G protein regulated-inducer of neurite outgrowth, and CDC42 signaling within T cells.	Nicotine	66-74	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	105-108
24360204-4	2013	We also developed an interfering peptide that is able to disrupt the alpha7nAchR-NMDAR complex and blocks cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking in rat models of relapse.	Nicotine	135-143	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
23959951-6	2013	Activity levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mirrored these changes and demonstrated clear additivity between nicotine and Ang II.	Nicotine	111-119	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	19-45
23933970-4	2013	Toxicity and subjective and cardiovascular effects of nicotine were associated with the presence of reduced-function CYP2A6 alleles, presumably reflecting slow nicotine metabolic inactivation.	Nicotine	54-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	117-123
23933970-4	2013	Toxicity and subjective and cardiovascular effects of nicotine were associated with the presence of reduced-function CYP2A6 alleles, presumably reflecting slow nicotine metabolic inactivation.	Nicotine	160-168	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	117-123
24192532-0	2013	The contribution of common UGT2B10 and CYP2A6 alleles to variation in nicotine glucuronidation among European Americans.	Nicotine	70-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
24192532-8	2013	CONCLUSION: CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 genotype explain 53% of the variance in oral nicotine glucuronidation in this sample.	Nicotine	76-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
24192532-9	2013	CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 genetic variants are also significantly associated with undeuterated (D0) nicotine glucuronidation in individuals smoking ad libitum.	Nicotine	93-101	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
22784230-0	2013	Nicotine reinforcement is reduced by cannabinoid CB1 receptor blockade in the ventral tegmental area.	Nicotine	0-8	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
22784230-1	2013	Cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors control the motivational properties and reinforcing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	98-106	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
22784230-2	2013	Indeed, peripheral administration of a CB1 receptor antagonist dramatically decreases both nicotine taking and seeking.	Nicotine	91-99	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
22784230-3	2013	However, the neural substrates through which the cannabinoid CB1 receptors regulate the voluntary intake of nicotine remain to be elucidated.	Nicotine	108-116	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
22784230-4	2013	In the present study, we sought to determine whether central injections of a CB1 receptor antagonist delivered either into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or the nucleus accumbens (NAC) may alter nicotine intravenous self-administration (IVSA).	Nicotine	197-205	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
22784230-10	2013	These data suggest that in rats chronically exposed to nicotine IVSA, the cannabinoid CB1 receptors located in the VTA rather than in the NAC specifically control nicotine reinforcement and, subsequently, nicotine-taking behavior.	Nicotine	55-63	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
22784230-10	2013	These data suggest that in rats chronically exposed to nicotine IVSA, the cannabinoid CB1 receptors located in the VTA rather than in the NAC specifically control nicotine reinforcement and, subsequently, nicotine-taking behavior.	Nicotine	163-171	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
22784230-10	2013	These data suggest that in rats chronically exposed to nicotine IVSA, the cannabinoid CB1 receptors located in the VTA rather than in the NAC specifically control nicotine reinforcement and, subsequently, nicotine-taking behavior.	Nicotine	163-171	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
23948214-12	2013	These studies show the importance of DA D1 systems in the insula for nicotine reward.	Nicotine	69-77	defender against cell death 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
23926288-1	2013	High concentrations of nicotine, as in the saliva of oral tobacco consumers or in smoking cessation aids, have been shown to sensitize/activate recombinant transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (rTRPV1) and mouse TRPA1 (mTRPA1) channels.	Nicotine	23-31	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	221-226
23926288-1	2013	High concentrations of nicotine, as in the saliva of oral tobacco consumers or in smoking cessation aids, have been shown to sensitize/activate recombinant transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (rTRPV1) and mouse TRPA1 (mTRPA1) channels.	Nicotine	23-31	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	228-234
23319001-0	2013	Significant association of CHRNB3 variants with nicotine dependence in multiple ethnic populations.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-33
23624270-2	2013	Treatment with nicotine stimulated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the PC12 cells expressing nNOS (NPC12 cells) as compared with that in control PC12 cells.	Nicotine	15-23	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
23624270-6	2013	Furthermore, we found that nNOS expression enhances the nicotine-induced increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+), using the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent probe Fura2.	Nicotine	56-64	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
23674838-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), the ratio of trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) to cotinine, has been used as a biomarker of the rate of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	18-26	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	153-159
23674838-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), the ratio of trans-3"-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) to cotinine, has been used as a biomarker of the rate of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	169-177	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	153-159
23681163-12	2013	Overall, TBA-1, CDC-42, EIF3.C, ARP-6, and Y45F10D.4 were the most reliable reference genes for mutigenerational nicotine-exposed study.	Nicotine	113-121	Cell division control protein 42 homolog	Caenorhabditis elegans	16-22
23681163-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Of the 16 tested gene candidates, TBA-1 and CDC-42 were the two most stable reference genes for performing reliable gene expression normalization in the multigenerational impact of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	194-202	Cell division control protein 42 homolog	Caenorhabditis elegans	57-63
24301752-1	2013	Many studies have suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the reward system of addiction, and that nicotine may induce alterations in BDNF gene expression and its protein level within the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	130-138	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	165-169
23831084-3	2013	Nicotine activates the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	62-95
23831084-3	2013	Nicotine activates the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
23836294-3	2013	Ghrelin and nicotine activates the mesolimbicocortical dopaminergic pathways via growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R1A) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), respectively, resulting in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-166
23836294-3	2013	Ghrelin and nicotine activates the mesolimbicocortical dopaminergic pathways via growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R1A) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), respectively, resulting in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	168-173
23490434-0	2013	Inhibition of glycine transporter-1 reduces cue-induced nicotine-seeking, but does not promote extinction of conditioned nicotine cue responding in the rat.	Nicotine	56-64	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Rattus norvegicus	14-35
23490434-3	2013	Here, we evaluate the effects of SSR504734, a selective inhibitor of glycine type I transporter (GlyT1) in an extinction-reinstatement procedure inducing robust and lasting nicotine-seeking behavior in rats.	Nicotine	173-181	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
23490434-13	2013	In conclusion, GlyT1-inhibitors might offer a therapeutic opportunity for acute cue-controlled nicotine-seeking, but the lack of persistent effects of the sub-chronic treatment associated with nicotine cues exposure suggests that short-term administration of GlyT1-inhibitor SSR504734 is not sufficient to promote extinction of nicotine-cue conditioned responding.	Nicotine	95-103	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
23835612-6	2013	EGCG inhibited nicotine-activated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known as important signaling molecules to activate MMP-9.	Nicotine	15-23	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	140-145
23835612-9	2013	Studies with expression vectors encoding mutated NF-kappaB signaling molecules and AP-1 decoy confirmed that NF-kappaB and AP-1 were essential for the nicotine-stimulated MMP-9 expression.	Nicotine	151-159	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	171-176
23810802-3	2013	The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a potential candidate, as genetic association and expression studies implicate the gene in both schizophrenia and nicotine dependence; however, the behavioral role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	174-182	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	4-48
23810802-3	2013	The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a potential candidate, as genetic association and expression studies implicate the gene in both schizophrenia and nicotine dependence; however, the behavioral role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	174-182	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	50-55
23810802-3	2013	The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a potential candidate, as genetic association and expression studies implicate the gene in both schizophrenia and nicotine dependence; however, the behavioral role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	236-244	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	4-48
23810802-3	2013	The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a potential candidate, as genetic association and expression studies implicate the gene in both schizophrenia and nicotine dependence; however, the behavioral role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	236-244	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	50-55
23810802-3	2013	The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a potential candidate, as genetic association and expression studies implicate the gene in both schizophrenia and nicotine dependence; however, the behavioral role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence is unknown.	Nicotine	236-244	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	227-232
23810802-4	2013	Thus, the goal of the current study was to determine the behavioral role of HINT1 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	85-93	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	76-81
23810802-7	2013	Conversely, HINT1 -/- mice developed a significant nicotine withdrawal CPA similar to their ++ counterparts.	Nicotine	51-59	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Mus musculus	12-17
23385624-0	2013	Nicotine restores Wt-like levels of reelin and GAD67 gene expression in brain of heterozygous reeler mice.	Nicotine	0-8	reelin	Mus musculus	36-42
23385624-0	2013	Nicotine restores Wt-like levels of reelin and GAD67 gene expression in brain of heterozygous reeler mice.	Nicotine	0-8	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
23385624-3	2013	In mouse brain, nicotine has been shown to reduce GAD67 promoter methylation and increase its transcription.	Nicotine	16-24	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
23530019-7	2013	In humans, cytochrome P450 2A6 metabolizes nicotine to cotinine, and CYP2A-like activity and protein have been reported in some birds.	Nicotine	43-51	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	11-30
23271453-7	2013	These observations are reminiscent of the effects of TRPA1 modulators having bimodal effects, e.g., menthol and nicotine.	Nicotine	112-120	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	53-58
23637165-0	2013	Targeted deletion of the mouse alpha2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (Chrna2) potentiates nicotine-modulated behaviors.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 2 (neuronal)	Mus musculus	85-91
23637165-5	2013	However, Chrna2(-/-) mice do exhibit a mild motor or coordination phenotype (a decreased latency to fall during the accelerating rotarod test) and possess an increased sensitivity to nicotine-induced analgesia in the hotplate assay.	Nicotine	183-191	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 2 (neuronal)	Mus musculus	9-15
23637165-6	2013	Relative to wild-type, Chrna2(-/-) mice show potentiated nicotine self-administration and withdrawal behaviors and exhibit a sex-dependent enhancement of nicotine-facilitated cued, but not trace or contextual, fear conditioning.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 2 (neuronal)	Mus musculus	23-29
23637165-6	2013	Relative to wild-type, Chrna2(-/-) mice show potentiated nicotine self-administration and withdrawal behaviors and exhibit a sex-dependent enhancement of nicotine-facilitated cued, but not trace or contextual, fear conditioning.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 2 (neuronal)	Mus musculus	23-29
22056221-3	2013	RESULTS: A central nervous system (CNS) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and autonomic ganglionic nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) and skeletal muscle nAChR antagonist (gallamine) concentration-dependently attenuated the nicotine-induced contraction.	Nicotine	228-236	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	40-72
23291224-8	2013	In addition, neonatal quinpirole increased the accumbal BDNF in response to nicotine compared to all other groups, and nicotine alone also produced significant increases in striatal and accumbal BDNF.	Nicotine	76-84	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
23291224-8	2013	In addition, neonatal quinpirole increased the accumbal BDNF in response to nicotine compared to all other groups, and nicotine alone also produced significant increases in striatal and accumbal BDNF.	Nicotine	119-127	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	195-199
23291224-9	2013	This study reveals that neonatal quinpirole enhanced adolescent nicotine sensitization, accumbal dopamine overflow, and BDNF protein in response to nicotine, which may be related to changes in the brain"s reward system.	Nicotine	148-156	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
23371292-0	2013	The ability of plasma cotinine to predict nicotine and carcinogen exposure is altered by differences in CYP2A6: the influence of genetics, race, and sex.	Nicotine	42-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	104-110
23184281-0	2013	Evaluation of chemically diverse 5-HT2c receptor agonists on behaviours motivated by food and nicotine and on side effect profiles.	Nicotine	94-102	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
23184281-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These studies support the utility of 5-HT2C agonists as a therapeutic approach to treat nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	101-109	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	50-56
22934830-3	2013	2. qRT-PCR studies demonstrated significant constitutive mRNA expression of CYP2A-isoenzymes in PBL isolated from male and female rats which further increases significantly after pretreatment with nicotine or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) indicating responsiveness of CYP2A-isoenzymes in PBL.	Nicotine	197-205	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	76-81
22934830-3	2013	2. qRT-PCR studies demonstrated significant constitutive mRNA expression of CYP2A-isoenzymes in PBL isolated from male and female rats which further increases significantly after pretreatment with nicotine or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) indicating responsiveness of CYP2A-isoenzymes in PBL.	Nicotine	197-205	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	264-269
23303461-1	2013	The fundamental reaction mechanism of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-catalyzed N-methylhydroxylation of (S)-(-)-nicotine and the free energy profile have been studied by performing pseudobond first-principles quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) reaction-coordinate calculations.	Nicotine	102-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	38-57
23303461-1	2013	The fundamental reaction mechanism of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)-catalyzed N-methylhydroxylation of (S)-(-)-nicotine and the free energy profile have been studied by performing pseudobond first-principles quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) reaction-coordinate calculations.	Nicotine	102-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	59-65
23351035-0	2013	Nicotine-motivated behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans requires the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits acr-5 and acr-15.	Nicotine	0-8	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type acr-5	Caenorhabditis elegans	109-114
23351035-6	2013	These two mutants also were defective at associating the presence of nicotine with butanone under starvation conditions and acr-5 mutation could obviate the effect of pairing nicotine with salts.	Nicotine	175-183	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type acr-5	Caenorhabditis elegans	124-129
23305719-5	2013	The aim of this study was to determine how chronic nicotine withdrawal influences neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) and galanin immunoreactivity in the DRN and LC of adult rats.	Nicotine	51-59	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
23305719-6	2013	Compared with saline, nicotine increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase profiles within distinct DRN subregions and also enhanced intensity in nNOS and galanin cell bodies in the rostral DRN as well as galanin in the LC.	Nicotine	22-30	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
23305719-7	2013	Nicotine-induced nNOS/galanin staining of somata was abundant in the rostral ventromedial DRN.	Nicotine	0-8	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
23292114-1	2013	A synonymous variant in the first exon of CYP2A6, rs1137115 (51G&gt;A), defines the common reference allele CYP2A6*1A, and is associated with lower mRNA expression and slower in-vivo nicotine metabolism.	Nicotine	183-191	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	108-114
23333681-0	2013	Enhanced nicotine-seeking behavior following pre-exposure to repeated cocaine is accompanied by changes in BDNF in the nucleus accumbens of rats.	Nicotine	9-17	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
23149826-0	2013	Possible involvement of PPARgamma-associated eNOS signaling activation in rosuvastatin-mediated prevention of nicotine-induced experimental vascular endothelial abnormalities.	Nicotine	110-118	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-33
23149826-8	2013	Interestingly, the co-administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) antagonist, GW9662 (1 mg/kg/day, i.p., 2 weeks) submaximally, significantly prevented rosuvastatin-induced improvement in vascular endothelial integrity, endothelium-dependent relaxation, and nitrite/nitrate concentration in rats administered nicotine.	Nicotine	344-352	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	40-88
23149826-8	2013	Interestingly, the co-administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) antagonist, GW9662 (1 mg/kg/day, i.p., 2 weeks) submaximally, significantly prevented rosuvastatin-induced improvement in vascular endothelial integrity, endothelium-dependent relaxation, and nitrite/nitrate concentration in rats administered nicotine.	Nicotine	344-352	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	90-99
23149826-11	2013	Rosuvastatin prevents nicotine-induced vascular endothelial abnormalities by activating PPARgamma and endothelial NOS signaling pathways.	Nicotine	22-30	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	88-97
23009753-9	2013	We next determined how nicotine"s ability to reduce LIDs correlated with lesion-induced changes in the striatal dopamine transporter and (3)H-dopamine release in these two groups of monkeys.	Nicotine	23-31	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	112-132
23027621-1	2013	Nicotine, the psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, is metabolically inactivated by CYP2A6 to cotinine.	Nicotine	0-8	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	82-88
23027621-7	2013	Smokers, smokeless tobacco users and iqmik users with lower CYP2A6 activity had lower urinary total nicotine equivalents (TNE) and (methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)pyridyl-1-butanol (NNAL) levels (a biomarker of TSNA exposure).	Nicotine	100-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	60-66
22945906-0	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist attenuates nicotine suppression effect on human mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteogenesis and involves increased expression of heme oxygenase-1.	Nicotine	68-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	0-48
22847530-6	2013	NNN-induced inhibition of nicotine-evoked alpha3beta4 nAChR activity was dose-dependent with an inhibitory constant (IC(50)) of 0.92 +- 0.05 mM.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
23821941-8	2013	Key role in the metabolism of nicotine is played by cytochrome P450 oxidases (mainly CYP2A6).	Nicotine	30-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	85-91
23821941-9	2013	Apart from them, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, cytosolic aldehyde oxidase, amine N-methyltransferase, and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 are involved in the decomposition of nicotine.	Nicotine	177-185	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	106-139
22868410-4	2013	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to examine whether the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine elicits withdrawal-like signs in rats following acute nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	65-97
22571166-5	2012	RESULTS:   LPS and nicotine synergistically induced the production of PGE(2) , MMP-2 and MMP-9, and increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2 and HIF-1alpha proteins.	Nicotine	19-27	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	89-94
22571166-5	2012	RESULTS:   LPS and nicotine synergistically induced the production of PGE(2) , MMP-2 and MMP-9, and increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2 and HIF-1alpha proteins.	Nicotine	19-27	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	135-140
22959963-6	2012	Interestingly, the identical AM251 treatment administered during the late phase of a long abstinence further augments anxiety and associated changes in BDNF and spinophilin mRNA in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in nicotine pre-exposed HRs.	Nicotine	224-232	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	152-156