PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
30609598-3	2019	Good separation of inorganic anions was obtained on VIM-EDMA monolithic column using NH4Cl as the eluent.	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	vimentin	Homo sapiens	52-55
30697740-4	2019	In this study, we verified that after transient exposure to NH4 Cl, the pHi values could rapidly recover from acidification via Na+ -H+ exchanger (NHE), Na+ -HCO3 - cotransporter (NBC), and carbonic anhydrase in human vaginal epithelial cell line VK2/E6E7.	Ammonium Chloride	60-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	72-75
30634395-2	2019	Here we investigated the involvement of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor in SN1 regulation in ammonium chloride ("ammonia")-treated astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	110-127	trans-acting transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	40-61
30634395-2	2019	Here we investigated the involvement of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor in SN1 regulation in ammonium chloride ("ammonia")-treated astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	110-127	solute carrier family 38, member 3	Mus musculus	92-95
30251676-8	2018	The recovery of cln3- cells from hypotonic stress and their progression through multicellular development was delayed and these effects were exaggerated when cells were treated with ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	182-199	CLN3 lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein, battenin	Homo sapiens	16-20
30048737-7	2018	A negative control compound mannitol (MANN) altered neither cell viability nor IL-2 levels whereas the lysosomotrophic compound ammonium chloride (AMCL) reduced IL-2 production.	Ammonium Chloride	128-145	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	161-165
30048737-7	2018	A negative control compound mannitol (MANN) altered neither cell viability nor IL-2 levels whereas the lysosomotrophic compound ammonium chloride (AMCL) reduced IL-2 production.	Ammonium Chloride	147-151	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	161-165
31769259-9	2019	Excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation in klotho-deficient NH4Cl-treated mice leads to an amazing surge of exploratory behavior, lack of anxiety and decreased depression, effects dissipated by low vitamin D diet.	Ammonium Chloride	52-57	klotho	Mus musculus	35-41
30033048-2	2018	Our previous studies have demonstrated that high blood ammonia levels may lead to hepatocyte apoptosis, as NH4Cl loading caused metabolic acidosis and an increase in sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1).	Ammonium Chloride	107-112	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	203-207
30033048-3	2018	In this study, we established a hyperammonia hepatocyte model to determine the role of NHE1 in the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	145-150	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	87-91
30033048-5	2018	The results showed that intracellular pH dropped and NHE1 activity increased in hepatocytes under NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	98-103	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	53-57
30033048-6	2018	As expected, decreased pHi induced by NH4Cl was associated with increased apoptosis, low cell proliferation and ATP depletion, which was exacerbated by exposure to the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide.	Ammonium Chloride	38-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	23-26
30033048-6	2018	As expected, decreased pHi induced by NH4Cl was associated with increased apoptosis, low cell proliferation and ATP depletion, which was exacerbated by exposure to the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide.	Ammonium Chloride	38-43	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	168-172
30033048-7	2018	We also found that NH4Cl treatment stimulated PI3K and Akt phosphorylation and this effect was considerably reduced by NHE1 inhibition.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	119-123
29384414-5	2018	We found that Ncoa7 KO mice, similar to Atp6v1b1 KOs, did not develop severe distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), but they exhibited a persistently high urine pH and developed hypobicarbonatemia after acid loading with ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	220-237	nuclear receptor coactivator 7	Mus musculus	14-19
29909287-9	2018	Furthermore, we found that glutamine, lysomototropic agents - namely chloroquine and NH4Cl - as well as inhibition of v-ATPase, interfere with the intracellular transport of CD98hc.	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	solute carrier family 3 member 2	Homo sapiens	174-180
30017230-3	2018	The present study demonstrates that treatment of cultured mouse cortical astrocytes for 24 h with 5 mM ammonium chloride ("ammonia") inhibits the system N-mediated L-glutamine transport out of the cell, and that this inhibition is related to the reduced presence of the SN1 transporter on the cell membrane.	Ammonium Chloride	103-120	solute carrier family 38, member 3	Mus musculus	270-273
30081847-9	2018	We further demonstrated that the NH4Cl/NAC inhibited intermittent high glucose-induced autophage by altered level of LC3 and p62.	Ammonium Chloride	33-38	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	117-120
30081847-9	2018	We further demonstrated that the NH4Cl/NAC inhibited intermittent high glucose-induced autophage by altered level of LC3 and p62.	Ammonium Chloride	33-38	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	125-128
30008432-6	2018	Furthermore, MMA and NH4Cl increased the levels of 2",7"-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCF), TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of mice.	Ammonium Chloride	21-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	94-103
30008432-6	2018	Furthermore, MMA and NH4Cl increased the levels of 2",7"-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCF), TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of mice.	Ammonium Chloride	21-26	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	105-113
29514909-5	2018	We find that Nef decreases both Ser5 and CD4 expression at steady-state levels, which are rescued by NH4Cl or bafilomycin A1 treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	101-106	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	13-16
29514909-5	2018	We find that Nef decreases both Ser5 and CD4 expression at steady-state levels, which are rescued by NH4Cl or bafilomycin A1 treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	101-106	serine incorporator 5	Homo sapiens	32-36
29514909-5	2018	We find that Nef decreases both Ser5 and CD4 expression at steady-state levels, which are rescued by NH4Cl or bafilomycin A1 treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	101-106	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	41-44
29097054-3	2018	METHODS: The ABCA1 decay rate was evaluated in macrophages after treatment with LXR agonist and by incubation with control (C) or AGE-albumin concomitant or not with cycloheximide, MG-132, ammonium chloride and calpain inhibitors were utilized to inhibit, respectively, proteasome, lysosome and ABCA1 proteolysis at cell surface.	Ammonium Chloride	189-206	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
29363325-6	2018	However, the HG effect on Orai1 protein was significantly attenuated by MG132 (a ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor) and NH4Cl (a lysosomal pathway inhibitor).	Ammonium Chloride	117-122	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
29662435-5	2018	Ac2-26 also causes a decrease in IKKbeta protein but not IKKbeta mRNA, and this effect is inverted by lysosome inhibitor NH4CL.	Ammonium Chloride	121-126	adenylate cyclase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
29080748-8	2018	By using NH4Cl and Bafilomycin A1 to inhibit the lysosomal degradative pathway, we found that the reduction of APP induced by SNX7 overexpression was prevented by such inhibition.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	sorting nexin 7	Homo sapiens	126-130
29292088-7	2018	Moreover, early stage apoptosis rate was significantly increased and autophagy protein LC3 B expression level was higher in oocytes treated with Na2S and/or NH4Cl, which might be caused by ROS elevation.	Ammonium Chloride	157-162	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta	Homo sapiens	87-92
28977758-0	2018	NH4Cl affects the expression of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in hepatocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-48
28977758-1	2018	We intended to explore whether NH4Cl influences the viability and regulates the expression of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in hepatocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	31-36	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	98-110
28977758-6	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was significantly increased after treatment with low concentrations of NH4Cl as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with high concentrations of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	139-144	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
28977758-6	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was significantly increased after treatment with low concentrations of NH4Cl as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with high concentrations of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	139-144	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-53
28977758-6	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was significantly increased after treatment with low concentrations of NH4Cl as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with high concentrations of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	272-277	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
28977758-6	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was significantly increased after treatment with low concentrations of NH4Cl as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with high concentrations of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	272-277	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-53
28977758-7	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was also significantly increased after treatment with NH4Cl for a short period as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with NH4Cl for a long period.	Ammonium Chloride	122-127	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
28977758-7	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was also significantly increased after treatment with NH4Cl for a short period as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with NH4Cl for a long period.	Ammonium Chloride	122-127	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-53
28977758-7	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was also significantly increased after treatment with NH4Cl for a short period as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with NH4Cl for a long period.	Ammonium Chloride	251-256	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
28977758-7	2018	The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, beta-catenin, and cyclin D was also significantly increased after treatment with NH4Cl for a short period as compared with the control group, whereas their expression levels were decreased after treatment with NH4Cl for a long period.	Ammonium Chloride	251-256	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-53
28977758-8	2018	In addition, we found NH4Cl treatment significantly reversed the results after RNA silencing of Wnt1 in hepatocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	22-27	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
28977758-9	2018	NH4Cl influences the viability of hepatocytes and affects the expression of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in hepatocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-92
29101173-3	2018	CO2-independent pHi buffering capacity (betai) was measured by incrementally reducing the extracellular NH4Cl concentration in steps of 50% from 20 to 1.25 mM.	Ammonium Chloride	104-109	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
28830978-5	2017	The reversal potential for NH4Cl was +15 mV, higher than the equilibrium potential for chloride, indicating that the current should be due to NH4+ We then injected ST-1 poly(A) RNA into Xenopus oocytes and performed two-electrode voltage clamp.	Ammonium Chloride	27-32	syndecan binding protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	164-168
29491214-6	2018	In this study, we found that ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, efficiently restored the decrease in HIF-1alpha protein levels by BPA.	Ammonium Chloride	29-46	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	123-133
29491214-6	2018	In this study, we found that ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, efficiently restored the decrease in HIF-1alpha protein levels by BPA.	Ammonium Chloride	48-53	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	123-133
29383096-4	2017	HIF-1alpha activated by ammonium chloride compromises ammonia-induced apoptosis.	Ammonium Chloride	24-41	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
28958860-3	2017	Exposure to 500-2000muM NH4Cl for 16h did not affect the gene expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system components in 1day post-fertilization (dpf) embryos, but differentially increased crfa, crfb and CRF binding protein (crfbp) expression and stimulated both dose- and time-dependent increases in the whole body cortisol of 5dpf larvae.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Danio rerio	217-236
28958860-3	2017	Exposure to 500-2000muM NH4Cl for 16h did not affect the gene expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system components in 1day post-fertilization (dpf) embryos, but differentially increased crfa, crfb and CRF binding protein (crfbp) expression and stimulated both dose- and time-dependent increases in the whole body cortisol of 5dpf larvae.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Danio rerio	238-243
28629701-7	2017	The neutralization of cell organelle pH by ammonium chloride restored melanogenesis and the correct localization of tyrosinase to melanosomes, which had been suppressed by the PMF mixture.	Ammonium Chloride	43-60	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	116-126
28870599-11	2017	Urea levels were increased by the overexpression of HNF4A, as measured 24h after ammonium chloride addition, similar to that of primary hepatocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	81-98	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	52-57
28537904-9	2017	Sub G1 population was increased in CNOT2-depleted H1299 cells by late autophagy inhibitors, ammonium chloride and chloroquine compared to 3-methyladenine.	Ammonium Chloride	92-109	CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
28376396-4	2017	The presence of NH4Cl was unfavorable for AO7 degradation at low concentration (<20 mM), whereas further addition of NH4Cl (>20 mM) apparently accelerated AO7 discoloration rate.	Ammonium Chloride	16-21	ring finger protein 25	Homo sapiens	42-45
28376396-4	2017	The presence of NH4Cl was unfavorable for AO7 degradation at low concentration (<20 mM), whereas further addition of NH4Cl (>20 mM) apparently accelerated AO7 discoloration rate.	Ammonium Chloride	120-125	ring finger protein 25	Homo sapiens	161-164
28292464-7	2017	RESULTS: Overall adenosine transport (i.e., hENT1+hENT2) was semisaturable and partially inhibited by 1 mumol/L, but abolished by 10 mumol/L NBTI in cells non-treated or treated with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	183-188	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-49
28396259-10	2017	Abeta1-42-induced downregulation of clusterin was blocked by lysosome inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	100-117	clusterin	Homo sapiens	36-45
28292464-7	2017	RESULTS: Overall adenosine transport (i.e., hENT1+hENT2) was semisaturable and partially inhibited by 1 mumol/L, but abolished by 10 mumol/L NBTI in cells non-treated or treated with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	183-188	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
28744340-4	2017	NH4Cl-induced rats showed significant increase in blood ammonia, liver function markers, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	93-120
27655254-5	2017	NH4Cl (5 mmol/l) had no effect on LPS-induced upregulation of CD14, IL-1alpha/beta and IL-6 mRNA but enhanced LPS-induced upregulation of TNF-alpha mRNA in mono-cultured microglia.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	138-147
27655254-8	2017	NH4Cl also attenuated LPS-induced release of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in mono-cultured microglia.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	45-50
27655254-8	2017	NH4Cl also attenuated LPS-induced release of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in mono-cultured microglia.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	52-56
27655254-8	2017	NH4Cl also attenuated LPS-induced release of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in mono-cultured microglia.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	61-66
27234317-11	2017	HepG2 cells exposed to BDE-100 presented increased staining with the lysosomal dye and had larger LC3 and p62 content after pre-treatment with ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	143-160	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	23-26
28055960-8	2017	NHE1-ko abolished recovery from NH4Cl pre-pulse cellular acid loading while both NHE1 and CA9 knockout reduced resting pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28011640-8	2017	Consistent with an anti-apoptotic effect of autophagy, rapamycin-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity were blocked in STAT1-deficient cells but restored in cells simultaneously exposed to the autophagy inhibitor ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	210-227	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
27935220-10	2017	Importantly, inhibition of lysosomal protein degradation pathway using ammonium chloride restored protein level of NCoR but failed to increase glucose uptake in serum-starved C2 C12 myotubes.	Ammonium Chloride	71-88	nuclear receptor co-repressor 1	Mus musculus	115-119
27773735-4	2017	Basal pHi and pHi recovery (following a NH4Cl pulse) was higher in haOC and A2780, compared with HOSE cells.	Ammonium Chloride	40-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	14-17
28968600-6	2017	Intracellular pH (pHi) recovery after acute acidic load was measured by NH4Cl prepulsing using BCECF.	Ammonium Chloride	72-77	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
28744340-4	2017	NH4Cl-induced rats showed significant increase in blood ammonia, liver function markers, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	122-131
27775888-6	2016	In general, the salt effect showed a decreasing trend of Na2SO4 > (NH)2SO4 > NaCl > NH4Cl > NH4NO3 for the studied organic compounds, implying the following relative strength of the salt effect of individual anions: SO42- > Cl- > NO3- and of cations: Na+ > NH4+.	Ammonium Chloride	93-98	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	107-110
27693671-1	2016	Fluorine-18 labeled fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester has been successfully synthesized in an unprecedented way by flowing an acetonitrile solution of its quaternary ammonium salt precursor (N,N,N-trimethyl-5-((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)carbonyl)pyridin-2-aminium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1) through an anion exchange cartridge.	Ammonium Chloride	174-198	PTOV1 extended AT-hook containing adaptor protein	Homo sapiens	36-42
27474951-5	2016	Inhibition of autophagic flux by NH4Cl exposure significantly increased the level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and p62 in control and OGD/R (12h, 24h and 48h) groups, but did not change their expression in OGD/R 72h group, indicating that autophagic flux was inhibited at OGD/R 72h.	Ammonium Chloride	33-38	nucleoporin 62	Mus musculus	145-148
27190370-10	2016	Treatment with furosemide did not change, whereas NaHCO3 and NH4Cl decreased the exosomal release of AQP1.	Ammonium Chloride	61-66	aquaporin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
27883089-5	2016	Na2S and/or NH4Cl disrupted multiple signaling pathways including decreasing Na+/K+ ATPase activity and protein kinase B (AKT) levels, activating Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to diminish boar spermatozoa motility.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	122-125
27883089-5	2016	Na2S and/or NH4Cl disrupted multiple signaling pathways including decreasing Na+/K+ ATPase activity and protein kinase B (AKT) levels, activating Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to diminish boar spermatozoa motility.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	273-277
26553349-6	2016	As TWIK-1 exhibits a discernibly high permeability to ammonium (NH4+), a critical substrate in glutamate-glutamine cycle for neurotransmitter replenishment, regulation of NH4+ uptake capacity by TWIK-1 membrane expression was determined by response of astrocyte V M to bath application of 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	294-299	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 1	Homo sapiens	3-9
26936604-9	2016	The IF phosphorylation was not altered in cortical slices of 10-day-old rats; however, in cortical slices of 21-day-old pups, 5 mM NH4Cl induced hypophosphorylation of GFAP and vimentin, preserving neurofilament phosphorylation levels.	Ammonium Chloride	131-136	vimentin	Rattus norvegicus	177-185
27435677-5	2016	Here we observe that AQP4-expressing Xenopus oocytes display a reflection coefficient <1 for NH4Cl at pH 8.0, at which pH an increased amount of the ammonia occurs in the form of NH3 Taken together with an NH4Cl-mediated intracellular alkalization (or lesser acidification) of AQP4-expressing oocytes, these data suggest that NH3 is able to permeate the pore of AQP4.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	aquaporin 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	21-25
27435677-5	2016	Here we observe that AQP4-expressing Xenopus oocytes display a reflection coefficient <1 for NH4Cl at pH 8.0, at which pH an increased amount of the ammonia occurs in the form of NH3 Taken together with an NH4Cl-mediated intracellular alkalization (or lesser acidification) of AQP4-expressing oocytes, these data suggest that NH3 is able to permeate the pore of AQP4.	Ammonium Chloride	209-214	aquaporin 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	21-25
27435677-6	2016	Exposure to NH4Cl increased the membrane currents to a similar extent in uninjected oocytes and in oocytes expressing AQP4, indicating that the ionic NH4 (+) did not permeate AQP4.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	aquaporin 4	Homo sapiens	118-122
27446403-9	2016	In addition, the lysosome inhibitor, NH4Cl, decreased trypsin-induced degradation of FAK.	Ammonium Chloride	37-42	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
27784431-0	2016	[Effect of different concentrations of ammonium chloride on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in Chang liver cells].	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	74-105
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	83-100	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	147-178
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	83-100	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	180-190
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	83-100	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	196-230
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	83-100	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	232-236
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	147-178
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	180-190
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	196-230
27784431-1	2016	Objective: To investigate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Chang liver cells.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	232-236
27784431-6	2016	Results: Quantitative real-time PCR showed that compared with the control group, the NH4Cl treatment group showed significant increases in the mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF across the 5th, 10th, and 15th generations (F = 90976.659/1300.218/1896.800 and 41825.754/2381.321/2591.954, all P < 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	162-172
27784431-6	2016	Results: Quantitative real-time PCR showed that compared with the control group, the NH4Cl treatment group showed significant increases in the mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF across the 5th, 10th, and 15th generations (F = 90976.659/1300.218/1896.800 and 41825.754/2381.321/2591.954, all P < 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	177-181
27784431-7	2016	The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the control group, the NH4Cl treatment group showed significant increases in the protein expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF across the 5th, 10th, and 15th generations (F = 376.709/1615.358/1350.120 and 904.789/5105.186/8644.498, all P < 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	165-175
27784431-7	2016	The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the control group, the NH4Cl treatment group showed significant increases in the protein expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF across the 5th, 10th, and 15th generations (F = 376.709/1615.358/1350.120 and 904.789/5105.186/8644.498, all P < 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	180-184
27784431-8	2016	As was shown by the results of Western blot, compared with the control group, the NH4Cl treatment group showed significant increases in the protein expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF across the 5th, 10th, and 15th generations (F = 228.499/6051.974/183.219 and 5549.429/40187.665/120982.183, all P < 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	82-87	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	162-172
27784431-8	2016	As was shown by the results of Western blot, compared with the control group, the NH4Cl treatment group showed significant increases in the protein expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF across the 5th, 10th, and 15th generations (F = 228.499/6051.974/183.219 and 5549.429/40187.665/120982.183, all P < 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	82-87	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	177-181
29897188-5	2016	The specific ODC inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) increased ROS levels and weakened the ability of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride mixture in the regulation of invasion of SMMC-7721 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	126-143	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
26940724-9	2016	NH4Cl (6 mmol/kg) administration also induced neuronal ammonia and NOx increase, as well as mitochondrial ROS generation throughout oxidation of 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) to DCF-RS, followed by GS and GAD inhibition.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	219-222
26940724-12	2016	NH4Cl also altered the GABA cycle characterized by GS and GAD activity inhibition, [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding, and GABA release after MMA injection.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	58-61
29897188-6	2016	These data demonstrated that sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride mixture promote invasion of SMMC-7721 cells by enhancing ROS/ODC pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	48-65	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
26873478-4	2016	dRTA was defined as inability to reach urinary pH <5.3 after an ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) test.	Ammonium Chloride	67-84	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
26873478-4	2016	dRTA was defined as inability to reach urinary pH <5.3 after an ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) test.	Ammonium Chloride	86-91	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
26961490-10	2016	At earlier stages (from day 0 to day 3), the addition of autophagy inhibitors (3-mathyladenine, bafilomycin A1, and NH4Cl) attenuated the expression of osteogenic related markers (osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red, and Von Kossa) compared with the control group.	Ammonium Chloride	116-121	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	180-191
26988911-9	2016	Thus the cysteine residues in the sixth MBS of ATP7B are essential for MDR phenotype.Finally, we found that ammonium chloride and tamoxifen suppressed late endosomal sequestration of doxorubicin, thereby attenuating drug resistance.	Ammonium Chloride	108-125	ATPase copper transporting beta	Gallus gallus	47-52
27087916-3	2016	RESULTS: The supplementation of l-glutamine-starved Sp2/0-Ag14 cell cultures with either ammonium acetate or ammonium chloride resulted in a significant increase in viability.	Ammonium Chloride	109-126	Sp2 transcription factor	Mus musculus	52-55
26893626-0	2016	Hepatic injury is associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with alteration of cyclin A and D1 in ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemic rats.	Ammonium Chloride	104-121	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	85-100
29897188-4	2016	Compared with the control group, SMMC-7721 cells exhibited an increase in cell viability, invasion ability, ROS levels and ODC protein after exposure to 150 mumol L(-1) sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride mixture for 24 h. The invasive activity was reduced by ROS scavenger N-acetycysteine (NAC) in SMMC-7721 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	188-205	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
26775040-4	2016	In this study, we found that IL6 stimulation markedly increased intracellualr pH recovery rates of human HCC cells, Huh7 and HepG2, after NH4Cl acidification, and the NH4Cl acidification induced transient intracellular Ca(2+) increases in the HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	138-143	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	29-32
26775040-4	2016	In this study, we found that IL6 stimulation markedly increased intracellualr pH recovery rates of human HCC cells, Huh7 and HepG2, after NH4Cl acidification, and the NH4Cl acidification induced transient intracellular Ca(2+) increases in the HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	167-172	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	29-32
26212375-6	2016	Treatment with lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine and ammonium chloride, compounds known to raise lysosomal pH, significantly increased mTOR protein levels in +/+ cells, confirming the importance of lysosomal pH in mTOR signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	52-69	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	134-138
26212375-6	2016	Treatment with lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine and ammonium chloride, compounds known to raise lysosomal pH, significantly increased mTOR protein levels in +/+ cells, confirming the importance of lysosomal pH in mTOR signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	52-69	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	213-217
26677174-5	2016	The autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and NH4Cl abolished the protective effects of TK.	Ammonium Chloride	45-50	kallikrein 1	Homo sapiens	87-89
26677174-6	2016	Of note, although serum starvation alone and TK treatment increased p62 protein levels and mRNA expression, incubation with the lysosome inhibitor NH4Cl increased the accumulation of LC3-II and p62 protein, indicating normal autophagic flux.	Ammonium Chloride	147-152	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	183-186
26677174-6	2016	Of note, although serum starvation alone and TK treatment increased p62 protein levels and mRNA expression, incubation with the lysosome inhibitor NH4Cl increased the accumulation of LC3-II and p62 protein, indicating normal autophagic flux.	Ammonium Chloride	147-152	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	194-197
26677174-8	2016	TK stimulated the interaction between LC3 and beta-catenin, and NH4Cl abolished the effects of TK on beta-catenin levels in serum-starved cells, suggesting the autophagic degradation of beta-catenin, which may have led to the enhancement of autophagy.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-113
26677174-8	2016	TK stimulated the interaction between LC3 and beta-catenin, and NH4Cl abolished the effects of TK on beta-catenin levels in serum-starved cells, suggesting the autophagic degradation of beta-catenin, which may have led to the enhancement of autophagy.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-113
26713849-4	2015	pHi was assayed by the NH4Cl pulse technique and measured by fluorescence microscopy in BCECF-preloaded cells.	Ammonium Chloride	23-28	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
26824839-9	2016	Immunolocalization in kidneys from control, NH4Cl or NaHCO3 treated mice demonstrated always colocalization of PRR/Atp6ap2 with H(+)-ATPase subunits at the brush border membrane of proximal tubules, the apical pole of type A intercalated cells, and at basolateral and/or apical membranes of non-type A intercalated cells.	Ammonium Chloride	44-49	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2	Mus musculus	111-114
26824839-9	2016	Immunolocalization in kidneys from control, NH4Cl or NaHCO3 treated mice demonstrated always colocalization of PRR/Atp6ap2 with H(+)-ATPase subunits at the brush border membrane of proximal tubules, the apical pole of type A intercalated cells, and at basolateral and/or apical membranes of non-type A intercalated cells.	Ammonium Chloride	44-49	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2	Mus musculus	115-122
26410677-5	2016	The analysis on Tctex-1 protein was performed in the absence and presence of the ligands JWH 133, 2-AG, and AM 630, the protein biosynthesis inhibitor cycloheximide or the protein degradation blockers MG132, NH4Cl/leupeptin or bafilomycin.	Ammonium Chloride	208-213	dynein light chain Tctex-type 1	Homo sapiens	16-23
25644113-5	2015	NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	128-133
26102310-7	2015	Inhibition of Mrp4 by ceefourin 1 synergistically enhanced both, inhibition of astrocyte proliferation as well as transcription of the oxidative stress surrogate marker heme oxygenase 1 by forskolin (10 micromol/L, 72 h) or NH4 Cl (5 mmol/L, 72 h) in cultured rat astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	224-230	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
26397215-5	2015	To demonstrate solid state (1)H MRI, we present an image of NH4Cl particles within the capillary tube, with 8.0 mum isotropic resolution.	Ammonium Chloride	60-65	latexin	Homo sapiens	112-115
26448619-4	2015	Treatment of rat cortical astrocytes for 48 with 5 mM ammonium chloride ("ammonia") (i) increased the y(+)L-mediated Arg uptake, (ii) raised the expression of iNOS and endothelial NOS (eNOS), (iii) stimulated NO production, as manifested by increased nitrite+nitrate (Griess) and/or nitrite alone (chemiluminescence), and consequently, (iv) evoked nitration of tyrosine residues of proteins in astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	54-71	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
26448619-4	2015	Treatment of rat cortical astrocytes for 48 with 5 mM ammonium chloride ("ammonia") (i) increased the y(+)L-mediated Arg uptake, (ii) raised the expression of iNOS and endothelial NOS (eNOS), (iii) stimulated NO production, as manifested by increased nitrite+nitrate (Griess) and/or nitrite alone (chemiluminescence), and consequently, (iv) evoked nitration of tyrosine residues of proteins in astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	54-71	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	168-183
26448619-4	2015	Treatment of rat cortical astrocytes for 48 with 5 mM ammonium chloride ("ammonia") (i) increased the y(+)L-mediated Arg uptake, (ii) raised the expression of iNOS and endothelial NOS (eNOS), (iii) stimulated NO production, as manifested by increased nitrite+nitrate (Griess) and/or nitrite alone (chemiluminescence), and consequently, (iv) evoked nitration of tyrosine residues of proteins in astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	54-71	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
25500736-6	2015	CaSR expression levels in IC-B significantly (P < 0.005) decreased when mice were fed NH4Cl (acid) diets and increased when animals were given NaHCO3 (alkali) diets.	Ammonium Chloride	89-94	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
25644113-5	2015	NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	134-139
25644113-5	2015	NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	141-145
25644113-5	2015	NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	147-152
25644113-5	2015	NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	154-159
25644113-5	2015	NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	161-164
25644113-5	2015	NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	170-174
25644113-6	2015	Similarly, in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), NH4Cl treatment reduced phosphate-induced mRNA expression of RUNX2/CBFA1, ALPL, and senescence-associated molecules.	Ammonium Chloride	66-71	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	127-132
25644113-6	2015	Similarly, in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), NH4Cl treatment reduced phosphate-induced mRNA expression of RUNX2/CBFA1, ALPL, and senescence-associated molecules.	Ammonium Chloride	66-71	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
25644113-6	2015	Similarly, in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), NH4Cl treatment reduced phosphate-induced mRNA expression of RUNX2/CBFA1, ALPL, and senescence-associated molecules.	Ammonium Chloride	66-71	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Homo sapiens	140-144
25644113-7	2015	In both kl/kl mice and phosphate-treated HAoSMCs, levels of osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 and NFAT5-downstream mediator SOX9 were higher than in controls and decreased after NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	185-190	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Mus musculus	95-100
25644113-7	2015	In both kl/kl mice and phosphate-treated HAoSMCs, levels of osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 and NFAT5-downstream mediator SOX9 were higher than in controls and decreased after NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	185-190	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Mus musculus	105-110
25644113-7	2015	In both kl/kl mice and phosphate-treated HAoSMCs, levels of osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 and NFAT5-downstream mediator SOX9 were higher than in controls and decreased after NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	185-190	SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9	Mus musculus	131-135
25644113-8	2015	Overexpression of NFAT5 in HAoSMCs mimicked the effect of phosphate and abrogated the effect of NH4Cl on SOX9, RUNX2/CBFA1, and ALPL mRNA expression.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Mus musculus	18-23
25644113-8	2015	Overexpression of NFAT5 in HAoSMCs mimicked the effect of phosphate and abrogated the effect of NH4Cl on SOX9, RUNX2/CBFA1, and ALPL mRNA expression.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9	Mus musculus	105-109
25644113-8	2015	Overexpression of NFAT5 in HAoSMCs mimicked the effect of phosphate and abrogated the effect of NH4Cl on SOX9, RUNX2/CBFA1, and ALPL mRNA expression.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	111-116
25644113-8	2015	Overexpression of NFAT5 in HAoSMCs mimicked the effect of phosphate and abrogated the effect of NH4Cl on SOX9, RUNX2/CBFA1, and ALPL mRNA expression.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	117-122
25644113-8	2015	Overexpression of NFAT5 in HAoSMCs mimicked the effect of phosphate and abrogated the effect of NH4Cl on SOX9, RUNX2/CBFA1, and ALPL mRNA expression.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	128-132
25644113-9	2015	TGFB1 treatment of HAoSMCs upregulated NFAT5 expression and prevented the decrease of phosphate-induced NFAT5 expression after NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	127-132	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	0-5
25644113-9	2015	TGFB1 treatment of HAoSMCs upregulated NFAT5 expression and prevented the decrease of phosphate-induced NFAT5 expression after NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	127-132	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Mus musculus	104-109
25644113-10	2015	In conclusion, NH4Cl treatment prevents tissue calcification, reduces vascular senescence, and extends survival of klotho-hypomorphic mice.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	klotho	Mus musculus	115-121
25644113-11	2015	The effects of NH4Cl on vascular osteoinduction involve decrease of TGFB1 and inhibition of NFAT5-dependent osteochondrogenic signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	68-73
25644113-11	2015	The effects of NH4Cl on vascular osteoinduction involve decrease of TGFB1 and inhibition of NFAT5-dependent osteochondrogenic signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Mus musculus	92-97
26093290-10	2015	Treatment with vanadate, or Na(+) or bicarbonate depletion, reduced AKAP3-degradation and the AR rate, while antimycin A or NH4Cl elevated both AKAP3-degradation and the AR degree.	Ammonium Chloride	124-129	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	144-149
26375462-10	2015	Furthermore, only NBCe1 was significantly phosphorylated and translocated by NH4Cl, which was inhibited by PP2.	Ammonium Chloride	77-82	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	107-110
26093290-11	2015	Treatment of sperm with NH4Cl enhanced PKA-dependent phosphorylation of four proteins, further supporting the involvement of AKAP3-degradation in capacitation.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	125-130
25740900-9	2015	Gene expression levels of CeRhr-1 and CeRhr-2, V-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase also increased significantly in response to 1 mmol l(-1) NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	135-140	Ammonium_transp domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	26-33
25961570-14	2015	Pharmacological inhibitors of lysosomal degradation, such as ammonium chloride and bafilomycin, prevented IFNAR1 degradation in FFA-treated HCV cell culture.	Ammonium Chloride	61-78	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	106-112
26192242-8	2015	The CPS-II protein expression level was also significantly enhanced in response to the NH4Cl exposures (CPS-II protein and internal GAPDH grey value ratios: 0.099 +- 0.0130, 0.143 +- 0.025, 0.161 +- 0.036 and 0.223 +- 0.042, respectively; t=3.825, 3.968 and 6.908, P less than 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	87-92	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	132-137
25915936-9	2015	This IL-8-stimulated activity was blocked by chloroquine and NH4Cl, indicating that endosomal acidification is important for this effect.	Ammonium Chloride	61-66	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	5-9
25972512-3	2015	However, NH4Cl loading elicited adaptive doubling of AE1 mRNA in GPR4+/+, but a 50% less pronounced response in GPR4-/-.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	53-56
25972512-3	2015	However, NH4Cl loading elicited adaptive doubling of AE1 mRNA in GPR4+/+, but a 50% less pronounced response in GPR4-/-.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	G protein-coupled receptor 4	Mus musculus	65-69
25972512-3	2015	However, NH4Cl loading elicited adaptive doubling of AE1 mRNA in GPR4+/+, but a 50% less pronounced response in GPR4-/-.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	G protein-coupled receptor 4	Mus musculus	112-116
25972512-4	2015	In GPR4+/+, NH4Cl loading evoked a cellular response characterized by an increase in AE1-labeled and a decrease in pendrin-labeled ICs similar to what was reported in rabbits and rats.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	G-protein coupled receptor 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	3-7
25972512-4	2015	In GPR4+/+, NH4Cl loading evoked a cellular response characterized by an increase in AE1-labeled and a decrease in pendrin-labeled ICs similar to what was reported in rabbits and rats.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	85-88
25972512-4	2015	In GPR4+/+, NH4Cl loading evoked a cellular response characterized by an increase in AE1-labeled and a decrease in pendrin-labeled ICs similar to what was reported in rabbits and rats.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	pendrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	115-122
25864004-5	2015	Maximum conversion of ammonia to nitrogen at the rates of 0.569 and 0.766 mg L(-1) min(-1) are achieved at low (0.01 M NH4Cl and 0.1 M KOH) and high (0.07 M NH4Cl and 0.15 M KOH) inlet concentrations, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	119-124	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	77-89
25864004-5	2015	Maximum conversion of ammonia to nitrogen at the rates of 0.569 and 0.766 mg L(-1) min(-1) are achieved at low (0.01 M NH4Cl and 0.1 M KOH) and high (0.07 M NH4Cl and 0.15 M KOH) inlet concentrations, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	157-162	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	77-89
25740900-9	2015	Gene expression levels of CeRhr-1 and CeRhr-2, V-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase also increased significantly in response to 1 mmol l(-1) NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	135-140	Ammonium_transp domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	38-45
25656974-9	2015	Colonic MCT1 expression was higher after incubation with Na-butyrate (P< 0 05) and lower after incubation with NH4Cl or TNF-alpha (P< 0 05).	Ammonium Chloride	114-119	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
25342595-0	2015	Ammonium chloride inhibits autophagy of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through SMAD2 signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	79-84
25176419-8	2015	A statistically significant increase in AO fluorescence intensity was observed in cells treated with STC (1.5, 3 and 6 muM) for 1 h. The DNA strand breaks induced by STC were almost prevented in cells pretreated with NH(4)Cl (10 mM) and NAC (10 mM) for 1 h. Our results thus indicated that STC exerts genotoxic effects on HepG2 cells, most likely through oxidative stress and lysosomal leakage.	Ammonium Chloride	217-224	latexin	Homo sapiens	119-122
25176419-8	2015	A statistically significant increase in AO fluorescence intensity was observed in cells treated with STC (1.5, 3 and 6 muM) for 1 h. The DNA strand breaks induced by STC were almost prevented in cells pretreated with NH(4)Cl (10 mM) and NAC (10 mM) for 1 h. Our results thus indicated that STC exerts genotoxic effects on HepG2 cells, most likely through oxidative stress and lysosomal leakage.	Ammonium Chloride	217-224	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	237-240
26394244-3	2015	According to recent observations, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) prevented phosphate-induced vascular remodeling, effects involving decrease of Tgfbeta1 expression and inhibition of Tgfbeta1-dependent signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	34-51	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	139-147
26394244-3	2015	According to recent observations, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) prevented phosphate-induced vascular remodeling, effects involving decrease of Tgfbeta1 expression and inhibition of Tgfbeta1-dependent signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	34-51	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	177-185
26394244-3	2015	According to recent observations, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) prevented phosphate-induced vascular remodeling, effects involving decrease of Tgfbeta1 expression and inhibition of Tgfbeta1-dependent signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	53-58	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	139-147
26394244-3	2015	According to recent observations, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) prevented phosphate-induced vascular remodeling, effects involving decrease of Tgfbeta1 expression and inhibition of Tgfbeta1-dependent signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	53-58	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	177-185
26394244-4	2015	The present study, thus, explored whether NH4Cl influences renal Tgfbeta1-induced pro-fibrotic signaling in obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	65-73
26394244-9	2015	Furthermore, the increased protein and mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-Sma), fibronectin and collagen type I in the obstructed kidney tissues following UUO were significantly attenuated following NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	216-221	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	58-83
26394244-9	2015	Furthermore, the increased protein and mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-Sma), fibronectin and collagen type I in the obstructed kidney tissues following UUO were significantly attenuated following NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	216-221	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	85-94
26394244-9	2015	Furthermore, the increased protein and mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-Sma), fibronectin and collagen type I in the obstructed kidney tissues following UUO were significantly attenuated following NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	216-221	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	97-108
26394244-10	2015	CONCLUSION: NH4Cl treatment ameliorates Tgfbeta1-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling and renal tissue fibrosis markers following obstructive nephropathy.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	40-48
25092802-7	2015	Concurrently, NH4 Cl (5 mmol/L) treatment inhibited both epidermal growth factor- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced proliferation as well as BDNF-mediated astrocyte morphology changes through downregulation of the respective growth factor receptors epidermal growth factor receptor and truncated tyrosine receptor kinase B.	Ammonium Chloride	14-20	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	86-119
25092802-7	2015	Concurrently, NH4 Cl (5 mmol/L) treatment inhibited both epidermal growth factor- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced proliferation as well as BDNF-mediated astrocyte morphology changes through downregulation of the respective growth factor receptors epidermal growth factor receptor and truncated tyrosine receptor kinase B.	Ammonium Chloride	14-20	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	121-125
25092802-7	2015	Concurrently, NH4 Cl (5 mmol/L) treatment inhibited both epidermal growth factor- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced proliferation as well as BDNF-mediated astrocyte morphology changes through downregulation of the respective growth factor receptors epidermal growth factor receptor and truncated tyrosine receptor kinase B.	Ammonium Chloride	14-20	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	160-164
25092802-7	2015	Concurrently, NH4 Cl (5 mmol/L) treatment inhibited both epidermal growth factor- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced proliferation as well as BDNF-mediated astrocyte morphology changes through downregulation of the respective growth factor receptors epidermal growth factor receptor and truncated tyrosine receptor kinase B.	Ammonium Chloride	14-20	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	268-300
26418500-2	2015	The osteoinductive signaling and vascular calcification of hyperphosphatemic klotho-hypomorphic mice could be reversed by treatment with NH4Cl, effects involving decrease of TGFss1 and inhibition of NFAT5-dependent osteoinductive signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	137-142	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Mus musculus	199-204
25342595-4	2015	Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a well-known autophagy inhibitor, whereas its interaction with SMAD2 signaling pathway has not been reported previously.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
25342595-5	2015	Here, we show that NH4Cl significantly inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells through decreasing the levels of Beclin-1, autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7), p62, and autophagosome marker LC3 and significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated SMAD2 in rapamycin-treated HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	123-131
25342595-5	2015	Here, we show that NH4Cl significantly inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells through decreasing the levels of Beclin-1, autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7), p62, and autophagosome marker LC3 and significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated SMAD2 in rapamycin-treated HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	autophagy related 7	Homo sapiens	133-160
25342595-5	2015	Here, we show that NH4Cl significantly inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells through decreasing the levels of Beclin-1, autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7), p62, and autophagosome marker LC3 and significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated SMAD2 in rapamycin-treated HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	autophagy related 7	Homo sapiens	162-166
25342595-5	2015	Here, we show that NH4Cl significantly inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells through decreasing the levels of Beclin-1, autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7), p62, and autophagosome marker LC3 and significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated SMAD2 in rapamycin-treated HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	169-172
25342595-5	2015	Here, we show that NH4Cl significantly inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells through decreasing the levels of Beclin-1, autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7), p62, and autophagosome marker LC3 and significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated SMAD2 in rapamycin-treated HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	259-264
25342595-6	2015	In order to find out whether NH4Cl may inhibit the autophagy in rapamycin-treated HCC cells through inhibition of SMAD2 signaling, we used transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) to induce phosphorylation of SMAD2 in HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
25342595-6	2015	In order to find out whether NH4Cl may inhibit the autophagy in rapamycin-treated HCC cells through inhibition of SMAD2 signaling, we used transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) to induce phosphorylation of SMAD2 in HCC cells.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	173-181
25342595-7	2015	We found that induction of SMAD2 in HCC cells completely abolished the inhibitory effect of NH4Cl on rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells, suggesting that NH4Cl inhibits autophagy of HCC cells through inhibiting SMAD2 signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	92-97	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
25342595-7	2015	We found that induction of SMAD2 in HCC cells completely abolished the inhibitory effect of NH4Cl on rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells, suggesting that NH4Cl inhibits autophagy of HCC cells through inhibiting SMAD2 signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	92-97	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	216-221
25342595-7	2015	We found that induction of SMAD2 in HCC cells completely abolished the inhibitory effect of NH4Cl on rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells, suggesting that NH4Cl inhibits autophagy of HCC cells through inhibiting SMAD2 signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	159-164	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
25342595-7	2015	We found that induction of SMAD2 in HCC cells completely abolished the inhibitory effect of NH4Cl on rapamycin-induced autophagy in HCC cells, suggesting that NH4Cl inhibits autophagy of HCC cells through inhibiting SMAD2 signaling.	Ammonium Chloride	159-164	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	216-221
25275700-6	2014	Indeed, features of merlin-deficient MV3 cells point to a functional link: merlin-deficient cells showed a decreased NHE1 expression and, paradoxically, an increase in NHE1 activity as measured upon cytosolic acidification (NH4Cl prepulse method).	Ammonium Chloride	224-229	NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	20-26
25275700-6	2014	Indeed, features of merlin-deficient MV3 cells point to a functional link: merlin-deficient cells showed a decreased NHE1 expression and, paradoxically, an increase in NHE1 activity as measured upon cytosolic acidification (NH4Cl prepulse method).	Ammonium Chloride	224-229	NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	75-81
24528201-7	2014	Cell treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gleevec (imatinib) or with the alkalizing agent NH4 Cl causes an accumulation of "functional" AICD capable of up-regulating both TTR and NEP, leading to a reduction in total cellular Abeta levels.	Ammonium Chloride	98-104	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	179-182
25241983-5	2014	We therefore investigated the mechanism of pHi recovery from intracellular acidosis and alkalosis, induced by NH4Cl-prepulse and Na-acetate-prepulse, respectively, using intracellular 2",7"-bis(2-carboxethyl)-5(6)- carboxy-fluorescein (BCECF)-fluorescence in HRASMCs.	Ammonium Chloride	110-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	43-46
25099615-7	2014	Furthermore, lysosome inhibitor NH4CL suppressed cell detachment and increased ubiquitination of Pyk2.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	97-101
25004465-6	2014	Hypoosmolarity, NH4Cl (0.5-5 mmol/l), diazepam (10 mumol/l) and TNFalpha (10 ng/ml) time-dependently decreased mRNA expression of SMIT and/or TauT in cultured astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	16-21	solute carrier family 5 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
25004465-6	2014	Hypoosmolarity, NH4Cl (0.5-5 mmol/l), diazepam (10 mumol/l) and TNFalpha (10 ng/ml) time-dependently decreased mRNA expression of SMIT and/or TauT in cultured astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	16-21	solute carrier family 6 member 6	Homo sapiens	142-146
25004465-7	2014	NH4Cl-induced SMIT/TauT mRNA expression changes were sensitive to inhibitors of glutamine synthetase and NADPH oxidase.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	solute carrier family 5 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
25004465-7	2014	NH4Cl-induced SMIT/TauT mRNA expression changes were sensitive to inhibitors of glutamine synthetase and NADPH oxidase.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	solute carrier family 6 member 6	Homo sapiens	19-23
24528201-7	2014	Cell treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gleevec (imatinib) or with the alkalizing agent NH4 Cl causes an accumulation of "functional" AICD capable of up-regulating both TTR and NEP, leading to a reduction in total cellular Abeta levels.	Ammonium Chloride	98-104	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	187-190
24668450-8	2014	However, zebrafish Ae3 differed from Ae2 polypeptides in its insensitivity to NH4Cl and to hypertonicity.	Ammonium Chloride	78-83	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Danio rerio	19-22
24607117-4	2014	The phenolic, carboxylic, quaternary ammonium salt and tertiary amine groups are detected in the CNF-PUFIX.	Ammonium Chloride	26-50	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	97-100
25120755-6	2014	Lysosomotropic NH4Cl increased AKR1B8 secretion, and AKR1B8 was located in isolated lysosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B8	Mus musculus	31-37
24846212-5	2014	3) In brief-access tests, CALHM1 KO mice showed less avoidance than did WT mice of high concentrations of NaCl, KCl, NH(4)Cl, and sodium lactate (NaLac).	Ammonium Chloride	117-124	calcium homeostasis modulator 1	Mus musculus	26-32
24846212-7	2014	4) Relative to WT mice, CALHM1 KO mice had reduced chorda tympani nerve activity elicited by oral application of NaCl, NaLac, and sucrose but normal responses to HCl and NH(4)Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	170-177	calcium homeostasis modulator 1	Mus musculus	24-30
24721402-5	2014	Then, the expressions of GFP and PDIP1 were again detected in the cells which were treated by ammonium chloride or MG132, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	94-111	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 13	Homo sapiens	33-38
24470337-3	2014	Dab2 SBM is overexpressed in bacteria as an isotopically labeled glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein using minimal media containing [15N] ammonium chloride as the nitrogen source.	Ammonium Chloride	149-166	DAB adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
24587308-6	2014	The mechanism of pHi recovery from intracellular acidosis (induced by NH4Cl-prepulse) is determined using BCECF-fluorescence in cultured HRASMCs.	Ammonium Chloride	70-75	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	17-20
24804206-8	2014	Furthermore, ammonium chloride, a lysosome inhibitor, but not lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, reduced the degradation of FUS/TLS protein by PTE.	Ammonium Chloride	13-30	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	126-133
24168369-0	2014	Concentration-dependent bimodal effect of specific 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) ligands on cell death processes induced by ammonium chloride: potential implications for neuropathological effects due to hyperammonemia.	Ammonium Chloride	129-146	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	58-78
24168369-0	2014	Concentration-dependent bimodal effect of specific 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) ligands on cell death processes induced by ammonium chloride: potential implications for neuropathological effects due to hyperammonemia.	Ammonium Chloride	129-146	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	80-84
24168369-1	2014	The role of the 18-kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) in cell death induced by NH4Cl (1-50 mM) for 24-72 hours to human glioblastoma U118MG cells was investigated.	Ammonium Chloride	76-81	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	23-43
24168369-1	2014	The role of the 18-kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) in cell death induced by NH4Cl (1-50 mM) for 24-72 hours to human glioblastoma U118MG cells was investigated.	Ammonium Chloride	76-81	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	45-49
24168369-6	2014	In addition, a significant 4.3 fold increase in the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of TSPO was found in NH4Cl-exposed cells.	Ammonium Chloride	105-110	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	87-91
24168369-9	2014	Interestingly, we observed a bimodal effect of the TSPO ligands PK 11195, Ro5-4864, and FGIN-1-27 on the toxicity of NH4Cl; such that 1-100 nM concentrations of TSPO ligands were protective, while concentrations above 1 muM enhanced NH4Cl-induced cell death processes.	Ammonium Chloride	117-122	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	51-55
24168369-9	2014	Interestingly, we observed a bimodal effect of the TSPO ligands PK 11195, Ro5-4864, and FGIN-1-27 on the toxicity of NH4Cl; such that 1-100 nM concentrations of TSPO ligands were protective, while concentrations above 1 muM enhanced NH4Cl-induced cell death processes.	Ammonium Chloride	117-122	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	161-165
24168369-9	2014	Interestingly, we observed a bimodal effect of the TSPO ligands PK 11195, Ro5-4864, and FGIN-1-27 on the toxicity of NH4Cl; such that 1-100 nM concentrations of TSPO ligands were protective, while concentrations above 1 muM enhanced NH4Cl-induced cell death processes.	Ammonium Chloride	233-238	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	161-165
24168369-10	2014	In conclusion, TSPO takes part in a bimodal way in the lethal effects induced by NH4Cl in glial type cells.	Ammonium Chloride	81-86	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	15-19
23677800-8	2013	PP2-sensitive Na-K-ATPase activity inhibition, (86)Rb uptake suppression, and SFK activation were observed when a similar reduction of pHi was imposed by low-pH medium or an ammonium chloride withdrawal maneuver.	Ammonium Chloride	174-191	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-3
25322912-4	2014	BCECF microfluorimetry was used to assess changes of intracellular pH (pHi) after acute intracellular acid load (NH4Cl prepulsing).	Ammonium Chloride	113-118	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	71-74
23456233-6	2013	Importantly, V1aR mRNA was upregulated significantly both in the TAL and the IC of the CD in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (MTALis and IC of OMCDis, respectively) when mice were treated with NH4Cl (0.28 mol/L) for 6 days.	Ammonium Chloride	199-204	arginine vasopressin receptor 1A	Mus musculus	13-17
23456233-8	2013	In addition, urinary excretion of ammonia (NH3/NH4 (+)) was significantly decreased on day 3 (P < 0.05) and day 6 (P < 0.005) in the V1aR(-/-) mice treated with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	167-172	arginine vasopressin receptor 1A	Mus musculus	139-143
24081153-4	2013	In whole-cell clamp recordings, the pHi was elevated after exposure to NH4Cl and returned to the control level after washout.	Ammonium Chloride	71-76	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	36-39
24081153-9	2013	Exposure to NH4Cl increased the uptake of the endocytosis marker FM1-43, substantiating the idea that pHi increases facilitated endocytosis.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	102-105
23504952-5	2013	Transferrin-TFR pathway blockers, such as NH4 Cl, CH3 NH2 , or trypsin, were added to the media and their effects were observed.	Ammonium Chloride	42-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
23504952-8	2013	(2) The addition of blockers, either NH4 CL, CH3 NH2 , or trypsin, decreased the cellular transferrin-dependent IONP-PLL uptake, but not completely blocked the entry of IONP-PLL.	Ammonium Chloride	37-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
24202451-3	2013	In this study, we report on the use of MCD, a quaternary ammonium salt detergent containing a long aliphatic chain (L-chain) as an siRNA complexation agent using human HeLa cells (a model cancer cell).	Ammonium Chloride	46-70	malonyl-CoA decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	39-42
24062304-9	2013	This property was demonstrated using lysosomotropic weak bases (NH4Cl, chloroquine, or methylamine) that increased lysosomal pH and sensitized only Pgp-expressing cells to such cytotoxic drugs.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
23677800-8	2013	PP2-sensitive Na-K-ATPase activity inhibition, (86)Rb uptake suppression, and SFK activation were observed when a similar reduction of pHi was imposed by low-pH medium or an ammonium chloride withdrawal maneuver.	Ammonium Chloride	174-191	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	135-138
23910634-6	2013	BCL2 mRNA was greater in explants treated with 150muM of ammonium chloride compared to explants treated with 0, 75 and 300muM.	Ammonium Chloride	57-74	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Bos taurus	0-4
23910634-7	2013	Relative amounts of IGFBP1 mRNA were less in explants treated with 600muM of ammonium chloride when compared with other concentrations.	Ammonium Chloride	77-94	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Bos taurus	20-26
23910634-8	2013	Relative FGF2 gene expression was less in explants treated with a greater concentration (600muM) of ammonium chloride or urea (16mM) when compared with lesser concentrations.	Ammonium Chloride	100-117	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	9-13
23910634-9	2013	Expression of HSPA1A, IGFBP3 and SERPINA14 genes was greater in explants exposed to lesser concentrations (150muM) of ammonium chloride or urea (4mM).	Ammonium Chloride	118-135	heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B	Bos taurus	14-20
23910634-9	2013	Expression of HSPA1A, IGFBP3 and SERPINA14 genes was greater in explants exposed to lesser concentrations (150muM) of ammonium chloride or urea (4mM).	Ammonium Chloride	118-135	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Bos taurus	22-28
23910634-9	2013	Expression of HSPA1A, IGFBP3 and SERPINA14 genes was greater in explants exposed to lesser concentrations (150muM) of ammonium chloride or urea (4mM).	Ammonium Chloride	118-135	uterine milk protein	Bos taurus	33-42
23783842-8	2013	In addition, treatment with NH4Cl increased the rate of cell apoptosis and the activation of caspase-3.	Ammonium Chloride	28-33	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	93-102
23783842-9	2013	Particularly, we found that NH4Cl treatment increased cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of H2AX.	Ammonium Chloride	28-33	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	91-95
23707757-7	2013	NH4Cl-induced astrocyte swelling was sensitive to inhibition of glutamine synthetase, NADPH oxidase or nitric oxide synthases.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	64-84
23761626-8	2013	Aldosterone induced a rapid increase in the rate of Na(+)- and bicarbonate-independent pHi recovery following an NH4Cl-induced acid load in clear cells isolated from the caput but not the cauda.	Ammonium Chloride	113-118	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
23707263-10	2013	In addition, l-Glutamate and NH4Cl significantly reduced VEGF secretion.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
23457187-6	2013	Incubation of Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTR with ammonium chloride or concanamycin A, two agents that alkalinize the secretory pathway, inhibited CFTR activity in a dose-dependent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	51-68	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	41-45
23508938-5	2013	The NHE3-PT KO mice tolerated NH4Cl acid load well (added to the drinking water) and showed NH4 excretion rates comparable to WT mice at 2 and 5 days after NH4Cl loading without disproportionate metabolic acidosis after 5 days of acid load.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	4-8
23894359-7	2013	Treatment with Ca(2+)-ionophore induced further degradation of AKAP3; however, this effect was found to be enhanced in the absence of Ca(2+) in the medium or when intracellular Ca(2+) was chelated the degradation rate of AKAP3 was significantly enhanced when intracellular space was alkalized using NH4Cl, or when sperm were treated with Ht31, a peptide that contains the PKA-binding domain of AKAPs.	Ammonium Chloride	299-304	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Bos taurus	63-68
23457187-6	2013	Incubation of Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTR with ammonium chloride or concanamycin A, two agents that alkalinize the secretory pathway, inhibited CFTR activity in a dose-dependent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	51-68	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	148-152
23475027-7	2013	By fusion of ECFP with the granular chromogranin A, we successfully measured the pH in secretory granules of PC12 cells, and we performed a kinetic analysis of intragranular pH variations in living cells exposed to ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	215-232	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	36-50
23383138-12	2013	Immunolocalization showed that during NH4Cl treatment the relative number of AE1 positive cells was increased and pendrin expressing cells reduced.	Ammonium Chloride	38-43	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-80
23704941-10	2013	PRR (UB-/-) mice were polyuric, had lower urine osmolality and a higher urine pH following 48 hours of acidic loading with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	123-128	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2	Mus musculus	0-3
23403203-5	2013	Inhibition of lysosomes or proteasomes by co-treatment with antofine and their respective specific inhibitors, NH4Cl or MG132, partially inhibited the antofine-induced decrease in Cx43 protein levels, but did not inhibit the antofine-induced inhibition of GJIC.	Ammonium Chloride	111-116	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
23125185-5	2013	The results demonstrated generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins and GRP78 in cells treated with both menadione and NH(4)Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	178-185	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	131-136
23984410-6	2013	As expected, this toxin induced the cytosolic accumulation of both alpha-synuclein and MEF2D proteins, as the result of the inhibition of their lysosome-mediated degradation, while, differently from rotenone, ammonium chloride decreased MEF2D nuclear levels through the downregulation of its transcription, thus reducing its protective function.	Ammonium Chloride	209-226	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Homo sapiens	237-242
24429815-9	2013	NH4Cl solutions in which either extracellular [NH3] or [NH4(+)] was kept constant while the other was changed by varying the pH of the solution, demonstrated that [NH3]o rather than [NH4(+)]o is the main determinant of the NH4Cl-induced swelling.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	125-127
23059620-2	2012	The yields were identical using media containing (15)NH(4)Cl or (15)NH(4)Cl in combination with all-(13)C-d-glucose allowing to produce homogenous soluble monomeric NKp30 in several formats needed for advanced NMR studies.	Ammonium Chloride	53-60	natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3	Homo sapiens	165-170
23450627-9	2013	The optimal salting-out liquid-liquid extraction parameters were as follows: 400 muL ACN was added to 1 mL sample solution containing 500 mg NH4 Cl at a pH of 14.0.	Ammonium Chloride	141-147	apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
23383138-12	2013	Immunolocalization showed that during NH4Cl treatment the relative number of AE1 positive cells was increased and pendrin expressing cells reduced.	Ammonium Chloride	38-43	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	114-121
23383138-8	2013	On protein level, NH4Cl, NaCl, and KCl reduced pendrin expression, the other treatments were without effect.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	47-54
23383138-11	2013	AE1 protein abundance was increased by NH4Cl, NaHCO3/DOCA, and NaCl.	Ammonium Chloride	39-44	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
22857013-8	2012	Discrete, one-component (salen)Co(III)X complexes bearing an appended quaternary ammonium salt or sterically hindered Lewis base showed excellent activity in the selectively alternating copolymerization of CO(2) with both aliphatic epoxides and cyclohexene oxide at high temperatures with low catalyst loading and/or low pressures of CO(2).	Ammonium Chloride	70-94	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	34-37
22561945-5	2012	In contrast, the CT nerve responses to NH(4)Cl increased in magnitude as temperature increased from 23 to 44 C. We also showed that leptin selectively increased the CT nerve responses to sucrose at 35 C in both fasted and free-fed mice.	Ammonium Chloride	39-46	leptin	Mus musculus	132-138
21571816-5	2011	In HCO(3)(-)/CO(2)-free solution, NH(4)Cl produced a smaller inward current in NBCn1-expressing oocytes (56% inhibition by 20 mm NH(4)Cl, measured at --60 mV), while minimally affecting intracellular acidification.	Ammonium Chloride	34-41	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	79-84
21849667-8	2011	Expression of RhAG or RhAG F65S increased steady-state cation currents unaltered by bath Li(+) substitution or bath addition of 5 mM NH(4)Cl or MA/MA(+).	Ammonium Chloride	133-140	Rh associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	14-18
21849667-8	2011	Expression of RhAG or RhAG F65S increased steady-state cation currents unaltered by bath Li(+) substitution or bath addition of 5 mM NH(4)Cl or MA/MA(+).	Ammonium Chloride	133-140	Rh associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	22-26
21290459-9	2011	Signals assigned to fucose bound to galactose are more evident in ammonium chloride-treated cells where structural changes of mucin-related Lewis antigens are expected as a result of the higher Golgi pH.	Ammonium Chloride	66-83	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	126-131
22449706-6	2012	In addition, protein stability assays and immunofluorescence analysis showed ITSN2 overexpression induced the degradation of Eps8 proteins, which was markedly alleviated with the lysosome inhibitor NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	198-203	intersectin 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
22449706-6	2012	In addition, protein stability assays and immunofluorescence analysis showed ITSN2 overexpression induced the degradation of Eps8 proteins, which was markedly alleviated with the lysosome inhibitor NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	198-203	epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8	Homo sapiens	125-129
22075473-5	2012	Additionally, SEMG1 treatment of spermatozoa decreases the intracellular pH, and motility can be rescued by ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	108-125	semenogelin 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
23047106-5	2012	DNA laddering and annexin V/PI staining assays further indicated that although tetracycline-inducible expression of survivin conferred resistance to NH4Cl- and staurosporine-induced apoptosis in both the B2- and the B5-derived stable cell lines, the B2-derived cell lines showed more stringent regulation in the absence of tetracycline.	Ammonium Chloride	149-154	survivin	Cricetulus griseus	116-124
22050230-9	2011	NH(4)Cl increased peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) protein expression, whereas PBR mRNA levels were decreased in a Zn(2+)-independent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	0-7	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	18-57
22050230-9	2011	NH(4)Cl increased peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) protein expression, whereas PBR mRNA levels were decreased in a Zn(2+)-independent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	0-7	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
21571816-7	2011	Current-voltage relationships showed a positive and nearly linear relationship between NH(4)Cl-mediated current and voltage, which was markedly reduced by NBCn1.	Ammonium Chloride	87-94	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	155-160
21571816-9	2011	Inhibiting this channel-like activity by Na(+) removal abolished the inhibitory effect of NBCn1 on NH(4)Cl-mediated currents.	Ammonium Chloride	99-106	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	90-95
21606109-3	2011	We demonstrate that alkalization by NH4Cl to pH ~8 increased g(j) in cells expressing mCx30.2 and Cx45, yet did not affect g(j) of Cx26, Cx40, Cx46, Cx47 and Cx50 and decreased it in Cx43 and Cx36 GJs.	Ammonium Chloride	36-41	gap junction protein gamma 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
21606109-4	2011	Unexpectedly, cells expressing Cx45, but not other Cxs, exhibited full coupling recovery after alkalization with NH4Cl under the continuous presence of LCCAs, isoflurane and mefloquine.	Ammonium Chloride	113-118	gap junction protein gamma 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
21606109-7	2011	Histidine modification of Cx45 protein by N-bromosuccinimide reduced the coupling-promoting effect of NH4Cl as well as the uncoupling effect of octanol.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	gap junction protein gamma 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
21051542-7	2011	In vitro, the inhibitors of lysosomal acidification (ammonium chloride, chloroquine) and of aquaporins (mercury chloride, phloretin) all significantly decreased the production of IL-1beta.	Ammonium Chloride	53-70	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	179-187
21585341-3	2011	The secretion of AKR1B10 was not affected by the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and the classical protein-secretion pathway inhibitor brefeldin A, but was stimulated by temperature, ATP, Ca(2+) and the Ca(2+) carrier ionomycin, lysosomotropic NH(4)Cl, the G-protein activator GTPgammaS and the G-protein coupling receptor N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.	Ammonium Chloride	254-261	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	17-24
22116370-0	2011	Impact of bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, and acetazolamide on hepatic and renal SLC26A4 expression.	Ammonium Chloride	23-40	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	81-88
22116370-11	2011	Slc26a4 transcript levels were significantly increased by NH(4)Cl and acetazolamide in liver, and significantly decreased by NH(4)Cl and by acetazolamide in kidney.	Ammonium Chloride	58-65	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
22116370-11	2011	Slc26a4 transcript levels were significantly increased by NH(4)Cl and acetazolamide in liver, and significantly decreased by NH(4)Cl and by acetazolamide in kidney.	Ammonium Chloride	125-132	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
22116370-12	2011	NH(4)Cl and acetazolamide reduced pendrin protein expression significantly in kidney, but did not significantly modify pendrin protein expression in liver.	Ammonium Chloride	0-7	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	34-41
20687201-10	2011	The NDB CD4 ABC values obtained with the lyse (NH(4) Cl)/stain method (45,562, 3.7% CV) were lower than those obtained with the stain/lyse (NH(4) Cl) method (49,955, 3.3% CV) with P < 0.001.	Ammonium Chloride	47-55	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	8-11
20687201-10	2011	The NDB CD4 ABC values obtained with the lyse (NH(4) Cl)/stain method (45,562, 3.7% CV) were lower than those obtained with the stain/lyse (NH(4) Cl) method (49,955, 3.3% CV) with P < 0.001.	Ammonium Chloride	47-55	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	12-15
21084767-0	2011	Effects of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride pre-treatments on PEPT2 (SLC15A2) mediated renal clearance of cephalexin in healthy subjects.	Ammonium Chloride	34-51	solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
21084767-0	2011	Effects of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride pre-treatments on PEPT2 (SLC15A2) mediated renal clearance of cephalexin in healthy subjects.	Ammonium Chloride	34-51	solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens	77-84
21084767-2	2011	This study examines the influence of urinary pH modification through sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride pre-treatments on the function of PEPT2 in healthy subjects, using cephalexin as the probe drug.	Ammonium Chloride	92-109	solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens	144-149
21571816-0	2011	Sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCn1/Slc4a7 inhibits NH4Cl-mediated inward current in Xenopus oocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	55-60	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	33-38
21571816-0	2011	Sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCn1/Slc4a7 inhibits NH4Cl-mediated inward current in Xenopus oocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	55-60	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	39-45
21571816-4	2011	The acidification was faster in oocytes expressing NBCn1 than in control oocytes injected with water; however, NH(4)Cl-mediated membrane depolarization was smaller in oocytes expressing NBCn1.	Ammonium Chloride	111-118	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	186-191
21303699-4	2011	Moreover, the incubation of cells with ammonium chloride or bafilomycin A1 to produce the lysosomal dysfunction recently reported in Parkinson"s disease led to an increase in the release of alpha-synuclein in exosomes and a concomitant increase in alpha-synuclein transmission to recipient cells.	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	190-205
21303699-4	2011	Moreover, the incubation of cells with ammonium chloride or bafilomycin A1 to produce the lysosomal dysfunction recently reported in Parkinson"s disease led to an increase in the release of alpha-synuclein in exosomes and a concomitant increase in alpha-synuclein transmission to recipient cells.	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	248-263
21148191-6	2011	NH4Cl (a lysomotoropic agent) and cycloheximide (a ribosome inhibitor) strongly inhibited modeccin-induced TNF-alpha secretion, but no significant inhibitory effects of these reagents on the PHA-induced TNF-alpha secretion were observed.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	107-116
21148191-7	2011	Contrary to modeccin-induced TNF-alpha secretion, even slightly increased TNF-alpha secretion was observed in PHA-treated cells in the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	153-158	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	74-83
20190512-10	2010	Furthermore, intraplantar injection of ammonium chloride into the mouse hind paw caused pain-related behaviors, which were not observed in TRPA1-deficient mice.	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	139-144
22039408-7	2011	Induction of remodelling in rats with metabolic acidosis (with NH(4)Cl for 12 hrs, 4 and 7 days) or treatment with acetazolamide for 10 days resulted in a larger fraction of AE1 positive cells in the cortical collecting duct.	Ammonium Chloride	63-70	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
20810915-5	2010	In oocytes expressing Rhbg, 5 mM NH(4)Cl (NH(3)/NH(4)(+)) at extracellular pH (pH(o)) of 7.5 induced an inward current, decreased pH(i), and depolarized the cell.	Ammonium Chloride	33-40	Rh family B glycoprotein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	22-26
20876574-3	2010	In contrast to the belief that cleavage is a cell surface event, endosomal neutralization with NH(4)Cl was found to dramatically reduce CD23 cleavage, suggesting that the majority of CD23 cleavage occurred subsequent to internalization in the endosomal pathway and not at the cell surface.	Ammonium Chloride	95-102	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	136-140
20876574-3	2010	In contrast to the belief that cleavage is a cell surface event, endosomal neutralization with NH(4)Cl was found to dramatically reduce CD23 cleavage, suggesting that the majority of CD23 cleavage occurred subsequent to internalization in the endosomal pathway and not at the cell surface.	Ammonium Chloride	95-102	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	183-187
20942959-3	2010	We earlier reported that treatment of astrocyte cultures with a pathophysiological concentration of ammonia (5 mM NH4Cl) resulted in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and that inhibition of such activation diminished astrocyte swelling, suggesting a key role of NF-kappaB in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling.	Ammonium Chloride	114-119	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	151-172
20942959-3	2010	We earlier reported that treatment of astrocyte cultures with a pathophysiological concentration of ammonia (5 mM NH4Cl) resulted in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and that inhibition of such activation diminished astrocyte swelling, suggesting a key role of NF-kappaB in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling.	Ammonium Chloride	114-119	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	174-183
20942959-3	2010	We earlier reported that treatment of astrocyte cultures with a pathophysiological concentration of ammonia (5 mM NH4Cl) resulted in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and that inhibition of such activation diminished astrocyte swelling, suggesting a key role of NF-kappaB in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling.	Ammonium Chloride	114-119	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	280-289
20720153-6	2010	Disruption of the Proregion-VWF paracrystalline core by prolonged incubation with NH(4)Cl rendered P-selectin mobile while VWF remained immobile.	Ammonium Chloride	82-89	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
20720153-6	2010	Disruption of the Proregion-VWF paracrystalline core by prolonged incubation with NH(4)Cl rendered P-selectin mobile while VWF remained immobile.	Ammonium Chloride	82-89	selectin P	Homo sapiens	99-109
20363329-0	2010	Purification and refolding of recombinant human interferon-gamma in urea-ammonium chloride solution.	Ammonium Chloride	73-90	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	48-64
20034811-8	2010	Moreover, IL-1RI downregulation was prevented by lysosome inhibitors, chloroquine and ammonium chloride, but not by proteasome inhibitors, MG132 and lactacystin.	Ammonium Chloride	86-103	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	10-16
21273684-4	2010	Pretreatment with ammonia (5 mM ammonium chloride) in isotonic medium produced a pronounced increase of (86)Rb uptake and a moderate decrease of cell volume in Kir4.1(-) but not in Kir4.1(+) cells.	Ammonium Chloride	32-49	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	160-166
20819573-9	2010	Co-treatment with 10 micromol/L SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38) attenuated the degree of ammonium chloride induced astrocyte swelling.	Ammonium Chloride	88-105	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
20819573-10	2010	Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression levels of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 in ammonium chloride treated cells were significantly increased relative to the control group (P < 0.001); SB203580 co-treatment inhibited the increased expression of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 relative to the ammonium chloride treated group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015 respectively).	Ammonium Chloride	96-113	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
20819573-10	2010	Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression levels of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 in ammonium chloride treated cells were significantly increased relative to the control group (P < 0.001); SB203580 co-treatment inhibited the increased expression of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 relative to the ammonium chloride treated group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015 respectively).	Ammonium Chloride	96-113	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	81-92
20819573-10	2010	Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression levels of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 in ammonium chloride treated cells were significantly increased relative to the control group (P < 0.001); SB203580 co-treatment inhibited the increased expression of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 relative to the ammonium chloride treated group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015 respectively).	Ammonium Chloride	96-113	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	271-274
20819573-10	2010	Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression levels of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 in ammonium chloride treated cells were significantly increased relative to the control group (P < 0.001); SB203580 co-treatment inhibited the increased expression of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 relative to the ammonium chloride treated group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015 respectively).	Ammonium Chloride	96-113	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	279-290
20819573-10	2010	Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression levels of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 in ammonium chloride treated cells were significantly increased relative to the control group (P < 0.001); SB203580 co-treatment inhibited the increased expression of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 relative to the ammonium chloride treated group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015 respectively).	Ammonium Chloride	307-324	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
20819573-10	2010	Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression levels of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 in ammonium chloride treated cells were significantly increased relative to the control group (P < 0.001); SB203580 co-treatment inhibited the increased expression of phospho-p38 and aquaporin-4 relative to the ammonium chloride treated group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015 respectively).	Ammonium Chloride	307-324	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	81-92
20819573-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Ammonium chloride induced upregulation of aquaporin-4 in astrocytes is regulated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	13-30	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-66
20819573-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Ammonium chloride induced upregulation of aquaporin-4 in astrocytes is regulated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	13-30	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
20819573-14	2010	Inhibiting p38 activation prevented ammonium chloride induced aquaporin-4 protein upregulation.	Ammonium Chloride	36-53	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
20819573-14	2010	Inhibiting p38 activation prevented ammonium chloride induced aquaporin-4 protein upregulation.	Ammonium Chloride	36-53	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-73
20090920-8	2010	By blocking the lysosomal compartment with NH(4)Cl the aggregate clearing effects of 17-AAG were abolished and alpha-synuclein deposits were enlarged.	Ammonium Chloride	43-50	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	111-126
19711372-8	2009	Furthermore, pH 6.6-induced detachment of E-cadherin from AJs was blocked by pretreatment with MG132 or NH(4)Cl, indicating the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasomal/lysosomal degradation of E-cadherin.	Ammonium Chloride	104-111	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	42-52
21220937-6	2010	In contrast, NH(4)Cl in food induced massive diuresis, decreased mRNA levels of V2R, AQP2, and AQP3, did not affect protein abundance of AQP2 and AQP3, and stimulated phosphorylation at Ser261 but not pSer256 of AQP2.	Ammonium Chloride	13-20	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Mus musculus	80-83
21220937-6	2010	In contrast, NH(4)Cl in food induced massive diuresis, decreased mRNA levels of V2R, AQP2, and AQP3, did not affect protein abundance of AQP2 and AQP3, and stimulated phosphorylation at Ser261 but not pSer256 of AQP2.	Ammonium Chloride	13-20	aquaporin 2	Mus musculus	85-89
21220937-6	2010	In contrast, NH(4)Cl in food induced massive diuresis, decreased mRNA levels of V2R, AQP2, and AQP3, did not affect protein abundance of AQP2 and AQP3, and stimulated phosphorylation at Ser261 but not pSer256 of AQP2.	Ammonium Chloride	13-20	aquaporin 3	Mus musculus	95-99
21220937-8	2010	Addition of NH(4)Cl to food, stimulated diuresis, had no effect on mRNA levels of AQP2, AQP3, and V2R, and enhanced only AQP3 protein abundance whereas pSer256-AQP2 and pSer261-AQP2 remained unaltered.	Ammonium Chloride	12-19	aquaporin 3	Mus musculus	121-125
21220937-8	2010	Addition of NH(4)Cl to food, stimulated diuresis, had no effect on mRNA levels of AQP2, AQP3, and V2R, and enhanced only AQP3 protein abundance whereas pSer256-AQP2 and pSer261-AQP2 remained unaltered.	Ammonium Chloride	12-19	aquaporin 2	Mus musculus	160-164
21220937-8	2010	Addition of NH(4)Cl to food, stimulated diuresis, had no effect on mRNA levels of AQP2, AQP3, and V2R, and enhanced only AQP3 protein abundance whereas pSer256-AQP2 and pSer261-AQP2 remained unaltered.	Ammonium Chloride	12-19	aquaporin 2	Mus musculus	160-164
19711372-8	2009	Furthermore, pH 6.6-induced detachment of E-cadherin from AJs was blocked by pretreatment with MG132 or NH(4)Cl, indicating the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasomal/lysosomal degradation of E-cadherin.	Ammonium Chloride	104-111	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	190-200
19746954-3	2009	The reaction between PPh(CH(2)OH)(2), iron(II) chloride, ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde under similar conditions gives cis-[FeCl(2)L(2)] (cis-2).	Ammonium Chloride	57-74	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
19735867-7	2009	In contrast, when cells were exposed to NH(4)Cl before the X-irradiation and H(2)O(2) administration, apoptosis was almost completely suppressed, ROS production did not occur, lysosomal rupture and mitochondrial fragmentation were blocked, and cytochrome c was not released.	Ammonium Chloride	40-47	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	244-256
19718436-5	2009	The rate of the indicated rise of [Na(+)](i) is greater for sperm alkalinized with NH(4)Cl than for sperm acidified with propionic acid, reflecting the alkaline-promoted signature property of CatSper currents.	Ammonium Chloride	83-90	cation channel sperm associated 1	Homo sapiens	192-199
18696263-7	2009	Pretreatment of the immobilized mucin with ambroxol, bromhexine, ammonium chloride, or ammonium acetate reduced the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and staphylococcal isolates to this receptor analogue.	Ammonium Chloride	65-82	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	32-37
19371771-5	2009	Neu2 activity and protein levels were rescued upon cotreatment with the lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or cathepsin inhibitors, as well as by insulin administration, but were unaffected upon pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome.	Ammonium Chloride	93-98	neuraminidase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
19347368-5	2009	Incomplete dRTA was evaluated by ammonium chloride acidification.	Ammonium Chloride	33-50	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	11-15
19059269-7	2009	KEY FINDINGS: Western blotting analysis showed that the macroautophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and ammonium chloride increased the levels of a heterologously expressed NTE-GFP fusion protein as well as endogenous NTE.	Ammonium Chloride	102-119	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	171-174
19238524-4	2009	Enhanced blood ammonia, plasma urea, lipid peroxidation in circulation and tissues (liver and brain) of ammonium chloride-treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in the tissues levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).	Ammonium Chloride	104-121	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	230-238
19059269-7	2009	KEY FINDINGS: Western blotting analysis showed that the macroautophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and ammonium chloride increased the levels of a heterologously expressed NTE-GFP fusion protein as well as endogenous NTE.	Ammonium Chloride	102-119	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	216-219
19878063-6	2009	RESULTS: A two-step treatment of CB with HES followed by NH4Cl resulted in the highest recovery of CD45(+) (84.3%) and CD34(+) (69.1%) cells compared with that present in umbilical CB.	Ammonium Chloride	57-62	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	99-103
19878063-6	2009	RESULTS: A two-step treatment of CB with HES followed by NH4Cl resulted in the highest recovery of CD45(+) (84.3%) and CD34(+) (69.1%) cells compared with that present in umbilical CB.	Ammonium Chloride	57-62	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	119-123
18661183-6	2009	In addition, a specific inhibitor of CaMK, KN-93, and a CaM antagonist, W-7, inhibited sperm motility activation induced by NH(4)Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	124-131	calmodulin	Acropora digitifera	37-40
18971389-8	2008	Pendrin expression was reduced under NaCl, NH(4)Cl, and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) loading and increased with the other treatments.	Ammonium Chloride	43-50	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
19000924-4	2009	Starvation, which is a signal for multicellular development, results in a greater than 80% decrease in numA1 mRNA expression within 4 h. Treatment with ammonium chloride led to a greater than 90% inhibition of numA1 RNA expression within 2 h. In contrast, the addition of DIF-1 completely blocked the decrease in numA1 gene expression caused by starvation.	Ammonium Chloride	152-169	nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
19000924-4	2009	Starvation, which is a signal for multicellular development, results in a greater than 80% decrease in numA1 mRNA expression within 4 h. Treatment with ammonium chloride led to a greater than 90% inhibition of numA1 RNA expression within 2 h. In contrast, the addition of DIF-1 completely blocked the decrease in numA1 gene expression caused by starvation.	Ammonium Chloride	152-169	nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1	Homo sapiens	210-215
19000924-4	2009	Starvation, which is a signal for multicellular development, results in a greater than 80% decrease in numA1 mRNA expression within 4 h. Treatment with ammonium chloride led to a greater than 90% inhibition of numA1 RNA expression within 2 h. In contrast, the addition of DIF-1 completely blocked the decrease in numA1 gene expression caused by starvation.	Ammonium Chloride	152-169	nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1	Homo sapiens	210-215
18977226-2	2008	A PCR-based random mutagenesis approach on HvHAK1 allowed identification of V366I and R591C substitutions, which confer enhanced K+-capture, and improved NaCl, LiCl and NH4Cl tolerance, to yeast cells.	Ammonium Chloride	169-174	hak1	Hordeum vulgare	43-49
18218665-10	2008	Indeed, preincubation with ammonium chloride, a lysosomal inhibitor of BCP crystal dissolution, significantly decreased BCP-crystal-induced Cas3 activity.	Ammonium Chloride	27-44	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	140-144
18829897-6	2008	The amount of L-selectin shedding induced by different concentrations of NH(4)Cl in the prepulse correlated with the level of intracellular acidification with an apparent pK of 6.3.	Ammonium Chloride	73-80	selectin L	Homo sapiens	14-24
18788805-2	2008	We report measurements of lysozyme solubility in aqueous solutions as a function of NaCl, KCl, and NH4Cl concentrations at 25 degrees C and pH 4.5.	Ammonium Chloride	99-104	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	26-34
18758509-5	2008	Brefeldin A, bafilomycin A1, ammonium chloride, and monensin also prevented pro-TGFbeta processing.	Ammonium Chloride	29-46	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-87
18662246-5	2008	Western blot analysis of cultured astrocytes showed a significant increase in NFkappaB nuclear translocation (a measure of NFkappaB activation) from 12 h to 2 days after treatment with NH(4)Cl (5 mM).	Ammonium Chloride	185-192	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	78-86
18662246-5	2008	Western blot analysis of cultured astrocytes showed a significant increase in NFkappaB nuclear translocation (a measure of NFkappaB activation) from 12 h to 2 days after treatment with NH(4)Cl (5 mM).	Ammonium Chloride	185-192	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	123-131
18344423-5	2008	Disruption of pH-dependent sorting processes with ammonium chloride converted the secretion kinetics of mature VWF to that of its precursor.	Ammonium Chloride	50-67	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
19033673-7	2008	Furthermore, intraplantar injection of ammonium chloride into the mouse hind paw caused pain-related behaviors that were not observed in TRPA1-deficient mice.	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	137-142
18329875-2	2008	The effect of inorganic nutrients (sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium chloride) on the aerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) by Pseudomonas spp.	Ammonium Chloride	59-76	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	161-164
19034873-9	2008	LY294002, NH4Cl, CAPE, PD098059 and SB202190 all reduced albumin-mediated IL-6 release, but neither PDTC nor MG132 had any effect.	Ammonium Chloride	10-15	albumin	Homo sapiens	57-64
19034873-9	2008	LY294002, NH4Cl, CAPE, PD098059 and SB202190 all reduced albumin-mediated IL-6 release, but neither PDTC nor MG132 had any effect.	Ammonium Chloride	10-15	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	74-78
18506424-6	2008	The alkalinization resulted from acute stimulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) by extracellular Li+, demonstrated after acid load with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	137-142	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	58-74
18506424-6	2008	The alkalinization resulted from acute stimulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) by extracellular Li+, demonstrated after acid load with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	137-142	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	76-79
18632865-3	2008	The entry of ENTV Env pseudovirions was substantially inhibited by bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) but was surprisingly enhanced by lysosomotropic agents and lysosomal protease inhibitors following a 4- to 6-h treatment period; of note, prolonged treatment with BafA1 or ammonium chloride completely blocked ENTV entry.	Ammonium Chloride	262-279	envelope protein	Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus	18-21
18839571-2	2008	The influences of temperature, pH, initial concentration of LAS, aeration condition and added nutrients (NH4Cl or NaH2PO4) on the biodegradation of LAS in the water were investigated.	Ammonium Chloride	105-110	lipoic acid synthetase	Homo sapiens	148-151
18542072-8	2008	Addition of ammonium chloride, an inhibitor of lysosomal trafficking and processing, suppressed the cytotoxic effect of AC133-vcMMAF in both Hep3B and KATO III.	Ammonium Chloride	12-29	prominin 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
18331843-7	2008	The NH4Cl-induced elevations in cytosolic pH and Ca2+ concentration act synergistically to activate calmodulin-dependent processes, cAMP pathway, and, thereby, stimulate CBF.	Ammonium Chloride	4-9	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	100-110
18271580-9	2008	Interestingly, it was observed that the formation of the intermediate could be triggered in the absence of Pdx2 by the addition of high concentrations of NH4Cl to a preincubated solution of Pdx1 and R5P.	Ammonium Chloride	154-159	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	190-194
18839571-4	2008	Incubation temperature, initial concentration of LAS, aeration and added nutrients (NH4Cl or NaH2PO4) can all affect the biodegradation of LAS.	Ammonium Chloride	84-89	lipoic acid synthetase	Homo sapiens	139-142
18379071-4	2008	Other lysomotropic agents (monesin, methylamine and ammonium chloride) also significantly diminished both CD29- and CD98-mediated cell-cell adhesion, indicating that lysomotropic character may play a critical role in regulating beta1-integrin functions.	Ammonium Chloride	52-69	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
18379071-4	2008	Other lysomotropic agents (monesin, methylamine and ammonium chloride) also significantly diminished both CD29- and CD98-mediated cell-cell adhesion, indicating that lysomotropic character may play a critical role in regulating beta1-integrin functions.	Ammonium Chloride	52-69	solute carrier family 3 member 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
18379071-4	2008	Other lysomotropic agents (monesin, methylamine and ammonium chloride) also significantly diminished both CD29- and CD98-mediated cell-cell adhesion, indicating that lysomotropic character may play a critical role in regulating beta1-integrin functions.	Ammonium Chloride	52-69	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	228-242
18182162-4	2008	Using three different lysosomal inhibitors, NH(4)Cl, chloroquine and leupeptin, we now demonstrate involvement of the lysosomal degradation pathway in Kir2.1 breakdown.	Ammonium Chloride	44-51	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	151-157
17196346-3	2007	The reaction of active chlorine compounds like chloramine-T (N-chlorotoluene-sulfonamide sodium), chloroisocyanuric acid derivatives, hypochlorites (NaOCl, CaOCl(2)) with ammonium chloride did not stop at the stage of monochloramine, and the pungent smelling by-products di- and trichloramine, NHCl(2) and NCl(3), were also formed.	Ammonium Chloride	171-188	calpain 5	Homo sapiens	306-312
18255013-5	2008	Treating Sacy(-/-) sperm with thimerosal or NH(4)Cl to raise flagellar cytoplasmic Ca(2+) could not substitute for cAMP analogues in activating motility; however, sperm activated with cAMP-AM hyperactivated after thimerosal treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	44-51	adenylate cyclase 10	Mus musculus	9-13
18166042-4	2008	In the case of NH4Cl, intermediate phases that have not been previously observed, specificly (NH4)2MgCl4 (I4/mmm) and two modifications of NH4MgCl3 (P63/mmc), were structurally characterized.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	tumor protein p63	Homo sapiens	149-152
18607068-7	2008	Additionally, Dpl showed altered expression and traffic using the acidotropic agent ammonium chloride, leading to the accumulation of Dpl in nascent exocytic vesicles.	Ammonium Chloride	84-101	prion like protein doppel	Homo sapiens	14-17
18607068-7	2008	Additionally, Dpl showed altered expression and traffic using the acidotropic agent ammonium chloride, leading to the accumulation of Dpl in nascent exocytic vesicles.	Ammonium Chloride	84-101	prion like protein doppel	Homo sapiens	134-137
18157807-5	2007	We demonstrate the method on the well-characterized 56-residue model protein GB1, where the sole tryptophan residue (Trp-43) has been labeled with 5-(19)F-Trp, in a bacterial growth medium also including (13)C-glucose and (15)N ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	228-245	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
17714183-9	2007	Treatment of the FeCl2-exposed cells with pepstatin A or NH4Cl led to reduced formation of oligomers/inclusions as well as of approximately 10 and 12 kDa truncated alpha-Syn.	Ammonium Chloride	57-62	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	164-173
17467290-4	2007	Activation of CB1 receptors was also linked with a time-dependent reduction in cell surface SEP-CB1 fluorescence and incorporation of the construct into acidic endosomes, revealed following exposure to NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	202-207	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
17234149-3	2007	When the intracellular pH of cells was alkalinized with NH(4)Cl, rates of intracellular acidification were significantly higher in Nox1 3T3 compared to mock 3T3.	Ammonium Chloride	56-63	NADPH oxidase 1	Mus musculus	131-135
17328821-9	2007	The LDLR of HepG2 cells incubated with conditioned medium was protected from PCSK9-mediated degradation by the addition of nocodazole or ammonium chloride, but was not protected when the conditioned medium was made hypertonic.	Ammonium Chloride	137-154	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
17328821-9	2007	The LDLR of HepG2 cells incubated with conditioned medium was protected from PCSK9-mediated degradation by the addition of nocodazole or ammonium chloride, but was not protected when the conditioned medium was made hypertonic.	Ammonium Chloride	137-154	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	77-82
16817237-8	2006	Furthermore, inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (an important mechanism for Ca2+ efflux) with sodium orthovanadate (SO) matches with the inhibition of the negative effect on Ca2+ levels elicited by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	209-214	ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 2	Homo sapiens	31-58
16817237-9	2006	Data indicate that NH4Cl-induced alkalinization might be activating Ca2+ efflux from the cell, by stimulation of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, and also confirm our previous finding that Ca2+ is a secondary signal to activate HMC-1 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 2	Homo sapiens	117-144
16633735-4	2006	Such abnormalities in the expression of Cx43 were alleviated by treatment with either lysosomal (NH(4)Cl, Leupeptin) or proteasomal inhibitor (ALLN).	Ammonium Chloride	97-104	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
17105763-4	2006	We now demonstrate that ammonium chloride and monensin exert modest effects on the intracellular retention of lysosomal hydrolases in murine cells that synthesize only the 46-kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor.	Ammonium Chloride	24-41	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Mus musculus	172-207
16408274-9	2006	In these conditions, GVBD and Xp42(Mpk1) activation were delayed by high concentration of NH(4)Cl, which never prevented or delayed MPF activation.	Ammonium Chloride	90-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	35-39
16730018-1	2006	The ion exchange equilibrium of Pb(II) on clinoptilolite modified with NH(4)Cl and NaCl can be represented by two types of isotherms.	Ammonium Chloride	71-78	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	32-38
16807400-9	2006	Ammonium chloride-induced intracellular acidification significantly stimulated the hMATE2-K-dependent transport of organic cations such as TEA, MPP, procainamide, metformin, N1-methylnicotinamide, creatinine, guanidine, quinidine, quinine, thiamine, and verapamil.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	solute carrier family 47 member 2	Homo sapiens	83-89
16899423-7	2006	NH4Cl-loading test indicated RTA.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	29-32
16671965-2	2006	Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the circulation of ammonium chloride-treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT).	Ammonium Chloride	50-67	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	262-270
16671965-2	2006	Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the circulation of ammonium chloride-treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT).	Ammonium Chloride	50-67	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	272-275
16408274-10	2006	Strickingly, NH(4)Cl strongly inhibited thiophosphorylated active MAPK-induced GVBD and MPF activation.	Ammonium Chloride	13-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	66-70
16408274-10	2006	Strickingly, NH(4)Cl strongly inhibited thiophosphorylated active MAPK-induced GVBD and MPF activation.	Ammonium Chloride	13-20	cyclin-dependent kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	88-91
16423045-10	2006	NH(4)Cl-treatment, which neutralizes the acidic endocytic compartments and/or delays endosomal maturation, restores day10-DCs for transport the stored OVA antigens from the endocytic compartments into the cytosol.	Ammonium Chloride	0-8	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	151-154
16421227-4	2006	Chronic metabolic acidosis that was induced by NH4Cl loading or administration of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide for 6 d enhanced calciuresis accompanied by decreased renal TRPV5 and calbindin-D28K mRNA and protein abundance in wild-type mice.	Ammonium Chloride	47-52	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5	Mus musculus	189-194
16436379-9	2006	NH4Cl enhanced both VacA-induced vacuolation and Bax activation, whereas Bax activation was not inhibited by bafilomycin A1, which inhibited vacuolation caused by VacA.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	49-52
16564041-8	2006	NHE activity was determined as Na+-induced pHi recovery from an acid load achieved by luminal exposure to 40 mmol/l NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	116-121	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	0-3
16564041-8	2006	NHE activity was determined as Na+-induced pHi recovery from an acid load achieved by luminal exposure to 40 mmol/l NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	116-121	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	43-46
16541468-7	2006	We observed that ammonium chloride and tunicamycin blocked TNF-alpha-EGFP fusion protein delivery to secretory granules.	Ammonium Chloride	17-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
20020989-3	2006	On treatment with PPEt, a significant reduction in the levels of TBARS, HP, and CD and a significant increase in the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH in liver and kidney of ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemic rats were observed, which clearly shows the antioxidant property of PPEt.	Ammonium Chloride	173-190	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
15972387-3	2005	It was found that intracellular O(2)-* levels in these cells were increased in parallel to the elevation of pH(i) by outflow of H(+) induced via NH(4)Cl loading followed by rapid removal.	Ammonium Chloride	145-152	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	108-113
16169866-5	2005	RESULTS: Our major findings are as follows: (1) Urinary sodium excretion significantly increased during the early phases of NH4Cl-induced acidosis, (2) This occurrence is associated with sustained renal hypertrophy, and (3) sustained basal phosphorylation of IRS-1, Shc, and MAPK/ERKs in acidotic kidneys.	Ammonium Chloride	124-129	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	259-264
16047153-3	2005	In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from rat CA1 pyramidal neurons, bath application of 1-40 mM NH(4)Cl or TMeA HCl reduced resting membrane potential and input resistance, inhibited the medium and slow afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) and their respective underlying currents, mI(ahp) and sI(ahp), and led to the development of depolarizing current-evoked burst firing.	Ammonium Chloride	97-104	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
16040608-3	2005	Exposure to NH4Cl (20 mm) elicited an intracellular acidification, followed by a pH(i) recovery.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	81-86
16033761-6	2005	Here we show that lysosomal inhibitors, chloroquine and NH(4)Cl, lead to accumulation of endogenous and ectopically expressed BACE in a variety of cell types, including primary neurons.	Ammonium Chloride	56-63	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
16157687-2	2005	We demonstrate that cross-presentation of soluble viral antigens (derived from hepatitis C virus [HCV], hepatitis B virus [HBV], or human immunodeficiency virus) to specific CD8+ T cell clones is dramatically improved when antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are pulsed with the antigen in the presence of chloroquine or ammonium chloride, which reduce acidification of the endocytic system.	Ammonium Chloride	326-343	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	174-177
16227281-10	2005	By using small interfering RNA against the mu2 subunit of adaptor protein 2, dominant negative dynamin construct K44A, and the lysosomotropic agents bafilomycin A1 and ammonium chloride, we also demonstrated that surface TNFR1 was internalized by RID by a clathrin-dependent process involving mu2 and dynamin, followed by degradation of TNFR1 via an endosomal/lysosomal pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	168-185	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	221-226
16001275-2	2005	pH(i) recovery rate mediated by the Na(+)/H+ exchanger (NHE) was examined following an NH4Cl pulse.	Ammonium Chloride	87-92	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	56-59
16133868-5	2005	Although we found no evidence for a direct involvement of lysosomal cathepsins, bafilomycin A1 and ammonium chloride significantly attenuated TNF toxicity.	Ammonium Chloride	99-116	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
15886795-9	2005	Intracellular FVIII was degraded through both lysosomal and proteasomal pathways as evidenced by inhibitor treatments (e.g. NH(4)Cl, leupeptin, clasto-Lactacystin beta-lactone and MG-132), pulse-chase analysis and confocal observations.	Ammonium Chloride	124-131	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	14-19
15856280-4	2005	Under experimental conditions that reduce the intrinsic Na/H exchanger activity, exposure of control cells to a 10 mM NH4Cl- containing solution induces the classic pHi response profile of cells having a high permeability to NH3 (PNH3) but relatively low permeability to NH4+ (PNH4).	Ammonium Chloride	118-123	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	165-168
15856280-5	2005	In contrast, under the same conditions, the pHi profile of cells expressing RhAG clearly indicated an increased PNH4, as evidenced by secondary reacidification during NH4Cl exposure and a pHi undershoot below the initial resting value upon its removal.	Ammonium Chloride	167-172	Rh associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	76-80
15306540-2	2004	These channels are blocked by nickel, inactivate in 1-2 min in calcium-deprived medium, and are remarkably stimulated by NH(4)Cl, suggesting a role for intracellular pH (pH(i)).	Ammonium Chloride	121-128	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	170-175
15613370-5	2005	Addition of NH4Cl (50 mM; total osmolality 400 mosmol (kg H2O)(-1) to the medium was more effective than equiosmolar NaCl in increasing BGT-1 and HSP70 mRNA abundance, but less effective in enhancing BGT-1 and HSP70 expression at the protein level.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Canis lupus familiaris	136-141
15613370-5	2005	Addition of NH4Cl (50 mM; total osmolality 400 mosmol (kg H2O)(-1) to the medium was more effective than equiosmolar NaCl in increasing BGT-1 and HSP70 mRNA abundance, but less effective in enhancing BGT-1 and HSP70 expression at the protein level.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	heat shock 70 kDa protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	146-151
15613370-5	2005	Addition of NH4Cl (50 mM; total osmolality 400 mosmol (kg H2O)(-1) to the medium was more effective than equiosmolar NaCl in increasing BGT-1 and HSP70 mRNA abundance, but less effective in enhancing BGT-1 and HSP70 expression at the protein level.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Canis lupus familiaris	200-205
15613370-5	2005	Addition of NH4Cl (50 mM; total osmolality 400 mosmol (kg H2O)(-1) to the medium was more effective than equiosmolar NaCl in increasing BGT-1 and HSP70 mRNA abundance, but less effective in enhancing BGT-1 and HSP70 expression at the protein level.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	heat shock 70 kDa protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	210-215
15893646-6	2005	Fos immunohistochemistry was used to identify brainstem neurons activated by a brief (90 s) intraoral infusion of a small volume (90 microl, 0.2M) of sucrose or a salt solution (0.1 M ammonium chloride) in 10-day-old rat pups.	Ammonium Chloride	184-201	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
15893646-7	2005	Compared with control groups (intact, cannula, distilled water), both sucrose and ammonium chloride induced Fos expression in the rostral nucleus tractus solitarius, the first relay in the ascending gustatory pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	82-99	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
15801799-8	2005	Expression of at least "normal" levels of NHE1 is necessary for CHO cell survival during exposure to 30 mM lactic acid without pH adjustment or to 20 mM NH(4)Cl with pH adjustment.	Ammonium Chloride	153-160	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1	Cricetulus griseus	42-46
15613370-8	2005	These results suggest that, in addition to NaCl, NH4Cl may play a role in regulating the intracellular accumulation of organic osmolytes, the abundance of HSP70 and cell turnover in the renal medulla in vivo.	Ammonium Chloride	49-54	heat shock 70 kDa protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	155-160
15701796-5	2005	Epitope-tagged Rsm28p from Triton X-100-solubilized mitochondria sedimented with the small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes in a sucrose gradient containing 500 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	166-171	mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein RSM28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	15-21
15776928-5	2005	In the on-line format, the addition of 2.5% of NH4Cl to the sewage water sample (pH = 2.5) was necessary to increase the breakthrough volumes of the analytes in the C18 precolumn.	Ammonium Chloride	47-52	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	165-168
15306540-5	2004	Simultaneous depolarization and pH(i) alkalinization with NH(4)Cl induced an [Ca(2+)](i) increase that depended on the amount of NH(4)Cl added.	Ammonium Chloride	58-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	32-37
15306540-5	2004	Simultaneous depolarization and pH(i) alkalinization with NH(4)Cl induced an [Ca(2+)](i) increase that depended on the amount of NH(4)Cl added.	Ammonium Chloride	129-136	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	32-37
15579501-5	2004	In the renal cortex, AE2 abundance was markedly increased in response to oral loading with NH(4)Cl or with NaCl.	Ammonium Chloride	91-98	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
15602698-7	2004	Change of the fate of animal caps into cement gland or dorsal mesoderm induces a down-regulation of X-epilectin expression in explants treated respectively with ammonium chloride and activin A.	Ammonium Chloride	161-178	x-epilectin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	100-111
15371442-7	2004	The loss of Cx43 protein was counteracted by ammonium chloride, indicating that acidification of internalized Cx43 gap junctions is a prerequisite for its degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	45-62	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
15371442-7	2004	The loss of Cx43 protein was counteracted by ammonium chloride, indicating that acidification of internalized Cx43 gap junctions is a prerequisite for its degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	45-62	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
15358785-6	2004	The LDLR levels are also reduced in stable HepG2 cells overexpressing NARC-1 or its natural mutant S127R, and this reduction is abrogated in the presence of 5 mm ammonium chloride, suggesting that overexpression of NARC-1 increases the turnover rate of the LDLR.	Ammonium Chloride	162-179	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
15358785-6	2004	The LDLR levels are also reduced in stable HepG2 cells overexpressing NARC-1 or its natural mutant S127R, and this reduction is abrogated in the presence of 5 mm ammonium chloride, suggesting that overexpression of NARC-1 increases the turnover rate of the LDLR.	Ammonium Chloride	162-179	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	215-221
14991407-5	2004	In roots and stems, the abundance of PEPCK was greatly increased by watering plants with a solution of ammonium chloride at low, but not at high pH.	Ammonium Chloride	103-120	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)	Cucumis sativus	37-42
15308676-5	2004	Following removal of NH4Cl, pHi decreased to 7.24 +/- 0.02 and CBF to 5.8 +/- 0.1 Hz (P < 0.05).	Ammonium Chloride	21-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	28-31
14749257-0	2004	AE2 isoforms in rat kidney: immunohistochemical localization and regulation in response to chronic NH4Cl loading.	Ammonium Chloride	99-104	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
15075200-7	2004	Immunoblotting and Northern hybridization studies indicated that AQP-2 protein abundance and mRNA expression levels increased significantly along the collecting duct system of NH(4)Cl-but not NaCl-loaded animals.	Ammonium Chloride	176-184	aquaporin 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
15345678-1	2004	L-T3 and L-T4 activated the Na+/H+ exchanger of L-6 myoblasts, with a fast nongenomic mechanism, both in the steady state and when cells undergo acid loading with ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	163-180	transmembrane 4 L six family member 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
12842825-4	2003	The Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride completely blocked pHi recovery after an NH4Cl-induced acid challenge, confirming a general role for NHE in pHi regulation.	Ammonium Chloride	105-110	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	83-86
14761968-8	2004	In the submillimolar concentration range, NH4Cl exposure induced inward currents (IAM) in voltage-clamped RhCG-expressing cells, but not in control cells.	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	106-110
14761968-13	2004	Exposure to 500 microm NH4Cl induced a biphasic intracellular pH change in RhCG-expressing oocytes, consistent with both NH3 and NH4+ enhanced influx.	Ammonium Chloride	23-28	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	75-79
15468681-7	2004	Cells overexpressing HNF-4 removed ammonia from medium supplemented with NH4Cl to a greater extent than control cells.	Ammonium Chloride	73-78	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	21-26
14714563-5	2003	Ammonium chloride lysis, however, reduced the perforin content of CD8+ T cells substantially (up to 75-100%) as compared with Ficoll isolation of PMC.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	66-69
12971910-6	2004	While wild-type, GluRepsilon1(-/-), GluRepsilon4(-/-), and GluRepsilon1(-/-)/epsilon4(-/-) mice all died by ammonium chloride at 12 mmol/kg during the first tonic convulsions, two of eight GluRepsilon3(-/-) mice survived.	Ammonium Chloride	108-125	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	59-71
15342213-8	2004	Intracellular alkalinization by preincubation of PRP with 20 mM NH4Cl for 60 min resulted in a small but reproducible reduction in the amount of extracellular sCD40L.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	49-52
12851254-6	2003	Because NH4Cl intake increases plasma renin and aldosterone, we asked if upregulation of the renin-angiotensin system reduces net H+ secretion.	Ammonium Chloride	8-13	renin	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
12842825-4	2003	The Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride completely blocked pHi recovery after an NH4Cl-induced acid challenge, confirming a general role for NHE in pHi regulation.	Ammonium Chloride	105-110	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	172-175
12199711-5	2002	TOP was activated by all assayed salts in the range 0.05-0.2 m for NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl and NaI, and 0.025-0.1 m for Na2SO4.	Ammonium Chloride	78-83	thimet oligopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12757760-7	2003	When NH(4)Cl was given to adrenalectomized rats, in contrast to the SDH activity no longer increasing, the PEPCK activity responded to acidosis to the same extent as in the intact rats.	Ammonium Chloride	5-12	serine dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
12757760-8	2003	A simultaneous administration of dexamethasone and NH(4)Cl into the adrenalectomized rats fully restored the SDH activity, demonstrating that the rise in the SDH activity during acidosis is primarily controlled by glucocorticoids.	Ammonium Chloride	51-58	serine dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
12757760-8	2003	A simultaneous administration of dexamethasone and NH(4)Cl into the adrenalectomized rats fully restored the SDH activity, demonstrating that the rise in the SDH activity during acidosis is primarily controlled by glucocorticoids.	Ammonium Chloride	51-58	serine dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
12657563-8	2003	NH4Cl loading completely blocked all effects of ANG II infusion on NHE3 and BSC-1, suggesting a potential role of pH as a mediator of these effects.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	48-54
12657563-8	2003	NH4Cl loading completely blocked all effects of ANG II infusion on NHE3 and BSC-1, suggesting a potential role of pH as a mediator of these effects.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
12657563-8	2003	NH4Cl loading completely blocked all effects of ANG II infusion on NHE3 and BSC-1, suggesting a potential role of pH as a mediator of these effects.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
12660150-7	2003	The intracellular degradation of TC II expressed by these constructs was inhibited by lactacystin or MG-132 but not by the lysosomal degradation inhibitors ammonium chloride or chloroquine.	Ammonium Chloride	156-173	transcobalamin 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
12372777-2	2002	We studied the expression of the system N1 (SN1) amino acid transporter in the kidney during chronic ammonium chloride acidosis in rats.	Ammonium Chloride	101-118	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
12556366-0	2003	Regulated expression of pendrin in rat kidney in response to chronic NH4Cl or NaHCO3 loading.	Ammonium Chloride	69-74	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	24-31
12556366-3	2003	NH(4)Cl loading (0.033 mmol NH(4)Cl/g body wt for 7 days) dramatically reduced pendrin abundance to 22 +/- 4% of control values (n = 6, P < 0.005).	Ammonium Chloride	0-7	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-86
12809172-10	2003	The effects of CQ or AC and those of a megalin competitor (the monoclonal antibody 1H2, which reduced transcytosis) were not additive, suggesting that CQ and AC act on the megalin-mediated pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	158-160	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	172-179
12675272-3	2003	The fluorescent probe 2",7"-biscarboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein was used to monitor baseline pHi and the kinetics of pHi recovery from cytosolic acid-loads (NH4Cl prepulse).	Ammonium Chloride	160-165	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	120-123
12675272-10	2003	Similarly, pHi recovery from NH4Cl prepulse acid-loads (pHo 7.4) was sensitive to both EIPA and bafilomycin A1.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	11-14
12199711-6	2002	Concentration higher than 0.2 N NH4Cl and NaI reduced TOP activity, while 0.5 N or higher concentration of NaCl, KCl and Na2SO4 increased TOP activity.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	thimet oligopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
12199864-4	2002	NK lysis of pEC was abrogated by concanamycin A and ammonium chloride, reagents inhibiting the perforin/granzyme B (grB) pathway, but only partially blocked by caspase inhibition with z-VAD-fmk.	Ammonium Chloride	52-69	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	104-114
11784758-10	2002	In polarized TRCs, basolateral exposure to ionomycin increased TRC pH(i) and activated pH(i) recovery from NH4Cl pulse by 388%.	Ammonium Chloride	107-112	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	87-92
11867526-6	2002	In contrast, gpc-1 mutant animals show clear deficits in their ability to adapt to NaAc, NaCl and NH4Cl, but normal wild-type adaptation to odorants.	Ammonium Chloride	98-103	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma	Caenorhabditis elegans	13-18
11939717-3	2002	After NH4Cl feeding, strong signals for PEPCK mRNA were detected in all three proximal tubule segments.	Ammonium Chloride	6-11	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
11799150-7	2002	Inhibition of adenovirus penetration with bafilomycin A1 or ammonium chloride attenuated the activation of ERK-p38 and IP-10 mRNA expression following infection, suggesting that endosomal escape was required to trigger these pathways.	Ammonium Chloride	60-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
11799150-7	2002	Inhibition of adenovirus penetration with bafilomycin A1 or ammonium chloride attenuated the activation of ERK-p38 and IP-10 mRNA expression following infection, suggesting that endosomal escape was required to trigger these pathways.	Ammonium Chloride	60-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
11799150-7	2002	Inhibition of adenovirus penetration with bafilomycin A1 or ammonium chloride attenuated the activation of ERK-p38 and IP-10 mRNA expression following infection, suggesting that endosomal escape was required to trigger these pathways.	Ammonium Chloride	60-77	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	119-124
11744647-6	2002	pH(i) regulation was studied by inducing an acute acid load with the removal of 20-40 mM ammonium chloride, and the rate of pH(i) recovery was monitored.	Ammonium Chloride	89-106	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-2
11784758-8	2002	Treatment with cAMP alone decreased resting TRC pH(i) and inhibited the recovery of pH(i) from a basolateral NH4Cl pulse by 46%.	Ammonium Chloride	109-114	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	84-89
11920577-2	2002	The specific and dose-dependent induction of IFN-gamma release and cytotoxicity in CTL by metabolically active DC did not depend on antigenic peptides contaminating the particles, was cytochalasin D resistant, independent of the maturation state of DC, and blocked by primaquine, amiloride and NH(4)Cl (indicating involvement of acid proteolysis).	Ammonium Chloride	294-301	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
11912241-3	2002	NKCC1 transports NH(4)(+), K(+), and Na(+) as well as Cl(-); therefore, a role for the cotransporter in the process of HCl, NH(4)Cl, KCl, and NaCl secretion has been suggested.	Ammonium Chloride	124-131	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
11849318-8	2002	Other weak-base amines, including hydroxychloroquine, ammonium chloride and methylamine, also induced reduction of cell surface TNF receptors, whereas lysosomal proteinase inhibitor, leupeptin, and BB-3013 were without effect.	Ammonium Chloride	54-71	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-131
11592125-8	2001	Addition of catalase or superoxide dismutase to 5 mM NH(4)Cl-treated astrocytes reduced free radical formation.	Ammonium Chloride	53-60	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	12-20
11683622-8	2001	The thermal stability of the SsEF-1alpha*GDP complex was significantly reduced when the GDP was replaced with Gpp(NH)p or in the presence of NaBr or NH4Cl, whereas a lower destabilizing effect was provoked by NaCl and KCl.	Ammonium Chloride	149-154	ribosomal protein S18-alanine N-acetyltransferase	Saccharolobus solfataricus	29-40
11588178-10	2001	In addition, proteasome inhibition did not alter the steady-state levels of alpha-synuclein, but addition of the lysosomotropic agent ammonium chloride significantly increased the amount of alpha-synuclein, indicating that lysosomes are involved in degradation of alpha-synuclein.	Ammonium Chloride	134-151	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	190-205
11588178-10	2001	In addition, proteasome inhibition did not alter the steady-state levels of alpha-synuclein, but addition of the lysosomotropic agent ammonium chloride significantly increased the amount of alpha-synuclein, indicating that lysosomes are involved in degradation of alpha-synuclein.	Ammonium Chloride	134-151	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	190-205
11592125-9	2001	Pretreatment with 3 mM methionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, also suppressed free radical formation by 5 mM NH(4)Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	132-139	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	63-83
11576352-5	2001	The present study compared the effects of NH4Cl-induced CMA and KD on the expression of basolateral NHE-1 and the effect of KD on the expression of apical NHE-3 in MTAL.	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
11502598-3	2001	In oocytes expressing mENaC, removal of external Na(+) reversibly hyperpolarized membrane potential by 129 +/- 5.3 mV in the absence of 20 mM NH(4)Cl but only by 100 +/- 7.8 mV in its presence.	Ammonium Chloride	142-149	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	22-27
11502598-9	2001	In oocytes expressing mENaC, NH(4)Cl also caused a decrease in whole cell conductance at negative potential and an outward current at positive potential.	Ammonium Chloride	29-36	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	22-27
11502598-11	2001	These results indicate that NH(4)Cl inhibits Na(+) transport when mENaC is expressed in oocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	28-35	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	66-71
11531950-4	2001	Processing of rNP for HLA-B27-associated presentation seemed to follow the conventional MHC class I pathway predominantly, as presentation was diminished in the presence of lactacystin and brefeldin A, but was less sensitive to chloroquine and NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	244-249	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	22-29
11278561-6	2001	The elastin incubated with ammonium chloride showed that DESP and IDP levels increased as the allysine content decreased.	Ammonium Chloride	27-44	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
11465603-6	2001	Increasing pHi (7.05 +/- 0.03 to 7.39 +/- 0.04) with NH4Cl increased myocyte shortening by 35 +/- 12%.	Ammonium Chloride	53-58	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
11465603-7	2001	Washout of NH4Cl decreased pHi to 6.82 +/- 0.03 and decreased myocyte shortening to 52 +/- 10% of control.	Ammonium Chloride	11-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
11112783-4	2001	Tonic internalization of TPbeta was temperature- and dynamin-dependent and was inhibited by sucrose and NH(4)Cl treatment but unaffected by wild-type or dominant-negative GRKs or arrestins.	Ammonium Chloride	104-111	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta	Homo sapiens	25-31
11181789-2	2001	NKCC1 mRNA and protein expression in control rats, rats with dehydration (2 d), and rats with metabolic acidosis (NH(4)Cl in the food for 6 to 7 d) was examined using reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting.	Ammonium Chloride	114-121	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
11208563-3	2001	This study was designed to assess whether the expression of membrane-bound CA IV isozyme in mouse placenta is regulated developmentally and by maternal ammonium chloride loading at the end of pregnancy.	Ammonium Chloride	152-169	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	75-80
11139343-5	2001	Treatment of Caucasian melanocytes with the lysosomotropic compound ammonium chloride or with the ionophores nigericin and monensin results in a rapid and pronounced increase in tyrosinase activity.	Ammonium Chloride	68-85	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	178-188
11078707-5	2000	TER increases due to NHE3 inhibition were related to cytoplasmic acidification because cytoplasmic alkalinization with 5 mM NH(4)Cl prevented both cytoplasmic acidification and TER increases.	Ammonium Chloride	124-131	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	21-25
11097619-6	2000	In contrast, administration of NH(4)Cl in the drinking water for 2 wk (free access to water) revealed a significant increase in AQP6 protein abundance (194 +/- 9% of control), but this was associated with increased water intake.	Ammonium Chloride	31-38	aquaporin 6	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
11058554-11	2000	The LDH(A4) activity stimulated by TNFalpha was decreased by 36.2% by an inhibitor of sphingosine formation, NH4Cl (4 mM), supporting a role of sphingosine in the TNFalpha effect.	Ammonium Chloride	109-114	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-43
11058554-11	2000	The LDH(A4) activity stimulated by TNFalpha was decreased by 36.2% by an inhibitor of sphingosine formation, NH4Cl (4 mM), supporting a role of sphingosine in the TNFalpha effect.	Ammonium Chloride	109-114	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	163-171
11032873-3	2000	Treatment with NH(4)Cl, which had no effect on PKCzeta, caused a sustained increase in membrane-associated PKCalpha, delta, and epsilon that lasted for at least 60 min.	Ammonium Chloride	15-22	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	107-115
11032873-4	2000	The effect of NH(4)Cl on PKCalpha, delta, and epsilon was reduced by sodium propionate, an agent that counteracts the effect of NH(4)Cl on intracellular pH.	Ammonium Chloride	14-21	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
11032873-4	2000	The effect of NH(4)Cl on PKCalpha, delta, and epsilon was reduced by sodium propionate, an agent that counteracts the effect of NH(4)Cl on intracellular pH.	Ammonium Chloride	128-135	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
11027167-12	2000	The level of glutamine synthetase activity increased with the addition of ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	74-91	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	13-33
10906068-5	2000	The recognition and disposal of the ubiquitinated sperm mitochondria was prevented by the microinjection of anti-ubiquitin antibodies and by the treatment of the fertilized zygotes with lysosomotropic agent ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	207-224	ubiquitin	Bos taurus	36-45
11027518-4	2000	It was partially reversed by NH(4)Cl, the cell-permeable CB inhibitor CA-074Me, but not by the proteasome inhibitor Lactacystin, suggesting the potential participation of the lysosomal/endosomal degradative pathway in this process.	Ammonium Chloride	29-36	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	57-59
10745205-1	2000	The effect of ammonium chloride was determined on a culture of CHO cells transfected with the human erythropoietin (EPO) gene.	Ammonium Chloride	14-31	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	100-114
10745205-3	2000	The specific production of EPO increased with the addition of NH(4)Cl above 5 mM.	Ammonium Chloride	62-69	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	27-30
10745205-4	2000	At 10 mM NH(4)Cl, the final cell density after 4 days in culture was significantly lower but the final yield of EPO was significantly higher.	Ammonium Chloride	9-16	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	112-115
10969741-2	2000	The alkalizing agent NH4Cl induces the expression of several anterior brain markers and the early pituitary marker XANF-2 in Xenopus animal caps.	Ammonium Chloride	21-26	HESX homeobox 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	115-121
10969741-3	2000	Here it is demonstrated that NH4Cl also induced proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing cells (the first fully differentiated pituitary cell type) in stage 9 and 10 Xenopus animal caps, and that all-trans retinoic acid, a posteriorizing agent, was able to block this induction when it was administered within 2 h after the start of NH4Cl incubation.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	proopiomelanocortin L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	48-67
10969741-3	2000	Here it is demonstrated that NH4Cl also induced proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing cells (the first fully differentiated pituitary cell type) in stage 9 and 10 Xenopus animal caps, and that all-trans retinoic acid, a posteriorizing agent, was able to block this induction when it was administered within 2 h after the start of NH4Cl incubation.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	proopiomelanocortin L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	69-73
10862634-9	2000	In contrast, in patients with reduced bone mineral density incomplete renal tubular acidosis type I (RTA I) was diagnosed in 10 of 46 subjects (22%) by oral ammonium chloride loading test.	Ammonium Chloride	157-174	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	101-104
10864007-5	2000	In nonperfused DTL and ATL, pHi was further acidified following an NH4Cl pulse.	Ammonium Chloride	67-72	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
10749735-3	2000	Changes in pH(i) were induced by local external application of NH(4)Cl, CO(2), or sodium propionate.	Ammonium Chloride	63-70	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	11-13
10649230-11	2000	Death suppression following exposure to 50 mM ammonium chloride was observed to a limited extent in both BHK and CHO cells overexpressing bcl-2 and bcl-x(L).	Ammonium Chloride	46-63	apoptosis regulator Bcl-2	Cricetulus griseus	138-143
10649230-11	2000	Death suppression following exposure to 50 mM ammonium chloride was observed to a limited extent in both BHK and CHO cells overexpressing bcl-2 and bcl-x(L).	Ammonium Chloride	46-63	bcl-2-like protein 1	Cricetulus griseus	148-156
11302430-8	2000	Both acidic (approximately 20 mM acetic acid) and alkaline (approximately 30 mM ammonium chloride) challenges caused significant changes in pHi that porcine IVM oocytes were capable of recovering from within 35 min.	Ammonium Chloride	80-97	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	140-143
10612626-3	1999	To extend these observations, we performed a Northern blot analysis of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLAST (EAAT1) in NH4Cl-treated primary rat astrocyte cultures.	Ammonium Chloride	125-130	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	86-107
10572242-4	1999	Internalization of (125)I-Ang IV was considerably decreased after pretreatment of cells with hyperosmolar sucrose or after pretreatment of BAEC with inhibitors of endosomal acidification such as monensin or NH(4)Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	207-214	ANG	Bos taurus	26-29
10612626-3	1999	To extend these observations, we performed a Northern blot analysis of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLAST (EAAT1) in NH4Cl-treated primary rat astrocyte cultures.	Ammonium Chloride	125-130	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
10612626-3	1999	To extend these observations, we performed a Northern blot analysis of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLAST (EAAT1) in NH4Cl-treated primary rat astrocyte cultures.	Ammonium Chloride	125-130	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
10612626-4	1999	Following treatment with 2, 5, 10 mM NH4Cl for 3 days, cortical astrocytes showed a 22, 29, 36% decrease in GLAST mRNA, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	37-42	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
10493948-5	1999	NH4Cl increased the cytoplasmic Pgp level, with a slight to significant decrease at the cell surface membrane.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
10561693-6	1999	NH(4)Cl can block the degradation of Crt; therefore, Crt is presumably degraded in the lysosome pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	0-7	calreticulin	Mus musculus	37-40
10561693-6	1999	NH(4)Cl can block the degradation of Crt; therefore, Crt is presumably degraded in the lysosome pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	0-7	calreticulin	Mus musculus	53-56
10645729-4	1999	ARS levels were very low in cells grown in the presence of NH4Cl and dramatically increased on agar medium deprived of any nitrogen source or containing nitrate, nitrite, urea, arginine or glutamine.	Ammonium Chloride	59-64	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-3
10744422-7	1999	Pretreatment of whole-blood samples with ammonium chloride to lyse erythrocytes caused a 9- to 300-fold increase in annexin V binding to leukocytes, indicating that analysis of unlysed whole-blood samples is essential to avoid artifactual increases in annexin V binding to leukocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	41-58	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	116-125
10744422-7	1999	Pretreatment of whole-blood samples with ammonium chloride to lyse erythrocytes caused a 9- to 300-fold increase in annexin V binding to leukocytes, indicating that analysis of unlysed whole-blood samples is essential to avoid artifactual increases in annexin V binding to leukocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	41-58	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	252-261
10443458-4	1999	In contrast, when pHi was increased by simultaneous addition of NH4Cl, methylamine or monensin, aggregation in response to a low concentration of thrombin, U46619, arachidonic acid or A23187 was enhanced significantly.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	18-21
10484334-3	1999	pHc shifts were induced, under strict and volume-controlled experimental conditions, by apical/basolateral NH4Cl pulses or basolateral arrest of the Na+/H+ exchanger (Na+ removal; block by ethylisopropylamiloride) and were measured with the pH-sensitive probe 2",7"-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein.	Ammonium Chloride	107-112	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
10443458-4	1999	In contrast, when pHi was increased by simultaneous addition of NH4Cl, methylamine or monensin, aggregation in response to a low concentration of thrombin, U46619, arachidonic acid or A23187 was enhanced significantly.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	prothrombin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	146-154
10443458-5	1999	The enhancing effect of NH4Cl was lowered by prolonged incubation with NH4Cl, by which the increased pHi was improved concomitantly.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-104
10443458-5	1999	The enhancing effect of NH4Cl was lowered by prolonged incubation with NH4Cl, by which the increased pHi was improved concomitantly.	Ammonium Chloride	71-76	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-104
10362747-3	1999	pHi was measured with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2",7"-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) under resting conditions and in response to NH4Cl pulse.	Ammonium Chloride	156-161	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
10362747-4	1999	Resting pHi (approximately 7.1-7.2) and its response to and rate of recovery (dpHi/dt) from an NH4Cl pulse were not affected by the presence or absence of HCO-3 in either segment.	Ammonium Chloride	95-100	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	8-11
10377953-7	1999	Two glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) of Rana balcanica haemolysate were found to respond to the NH4Cl effect by significantly decreasing their activity.	Ammonium Chloride	154-159	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	23-61
10377953-7	1999	Two glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) of Rana balcanica haemolysate were found to respond to the NH4Cl effect by significantly decreasing their activity.	Ammonium Chloride	154-159	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	63-68
10353334-5	1999	Using RNase protection assay and non-radioactive in situ hybridization on aggregate cryosections, we show that both AS and AL genes are induced in astrocytes but not in neurons of aggregates exposed to 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	207-212	argininosuccinate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	123-125
10232678-7	1999	It is concluded that outer medullary BSC-1 and Na+/K+ -ATPase alpha1-subunit protein abundance is increased by chronic Na+ loading but not by acid/base perturbations and that outer medullary NHE3 protein abundance is increased by chronic NH4Cl loading.	Ammonium Chloride	238-243	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
10360443-1	1999	A new liquid-liquid extraction is described for thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT, EC 2.1.1.67) activity determination: the use of a pH 9.5 NH4Cl buffer solution, before adding the solvent mixture, allows more rapid extraction, avoiding a centrifugation step, and reduces the global cost of analysis.	Ammonium Chloride	142-147	thiopurine S-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	48-77
10360443-1	1999	A new liquid-liquid extraction is described for thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT, EC 2.1.1.67) activity determination: the use of a pH 9.5 NH4Cl buffer solution, before adding the solvent mixture, allows more rapid extraction, avoiding a centrifugation step, and reduces the global cost of analysis.	Ammonium Chloride	142-147	thiopurine S-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	79-83
10201979-3	1999	This enhanced presentation involved uptake through receptors of scavenger receptor (SR)-like ligand specificity, was TAP-1-independent, and was inhibited by low levels (2 mM) of ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	178-195	transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	117-122
10329216-10	1999	Furthermore, the anoxia-induced changes of Na-Ca exchange current were mimicked by the intracellular acidosis induced by a brief exposure to ammonium chloride in normoxic conditions.	Ammonium Chloride	141-158	nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha	Cavia porcellus	43-48
9950688-6	1999	Furthermore, AE1 anion exchangers become detergent insoluble more rapidly than they acquire endo F-resistant modifications in cells recovering from an ammonium chloride block.	Ammonium Chloride	151-168	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-16
10208742-7	1999	When the pHi of unfertilized eggs was elevated by exposure to 15 mM ammonium chloride in pH 9 seawater, V0 increased to a level comparable to that measured after fertilization.	Ammonium Chloride	68-85	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	9-12
9990080-8	1999	NPC1 levels in cultured fibroblasts were unchanged by incubation with low density lipoproteins or oxysterols but were increased 2- to 3-fold by the drugs progesterone and U-18666A, which block cholesterol transport out of lysosomes, and by the lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	265-270	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
9920900-7	1999	The quaternary ammonium salt, 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, was used as a membrane-specific fluorescence probe and demonstrated that the amount of substrate entering the inner leaflet was significantly reduced in QacA-containing strains, supporting the notion that the substrate is extruded directly from the membrane.	Ammonium Chloride	4-28	QacA	Staphylococcus aureus	240-244
10025898-20	1999	We conclude that monensin, nigericin and the combination of NH4Cl and chloroquine can be used instead of NH4Cl to potentiate CD22-rec ricin A activity in purging autologous bone marrow transplants contaminated with malignant B cells.	Ammonium Chloride	60-65	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	125-129
9841644-2	1998	For example, we have previously shown that as little as 2.5 mM NH4Cl can decrease neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polysialylation in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	Ammonium Chloride	63-68	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	82-111
10756716-5	1999	In this study, two lisosomotrophic agents, ammonium chloride and chlorquinoline were tested in experimental L. monocytogenes 1043S and p60-deprived mutant JB1115 infection in both cell lines.	Ammonium Chloride	43-60	sequestosome 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
10756716-6	1999	The presence of ammonium chloride increased the level of infection (calculated as number of gentamicin-resistant cells) of both Listeria strains, but in the case of infection by p60 mutant, the increased amount of ammonium chloride showed only a minimal effect on the number of isolated bacteria.	Ammonium Chloride	214-231	sequestosome 1	Homo sapiens	178-181
9887007-8	1999	Interventions that load the cells with protons without affecting superfusate pH (NH4Cl prepulse, nigericin with low superfusate K+ concentration, DMA, and DIDS) all decreased pHi, supporting our contention that the dye was faithfully measuring pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	81-86	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
10403485-8	1999	In addition, pretreatment with an endolysomotropic agent NH4Cl, an acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitor, completely inhibited the activation of the c-jun promoter by anti-CD28 antibody treatment, whereas pretreatment with wortmannin, a PI3-kinase inhibitor, did not affect the induction of the c-jun promoter.	Ammonium Chloride	57-62	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
10403485-8	1999	In addition, pretreatment with an endolysomotropic agent NH4Cl, an acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitor, completely inhibited the activation of the c-jun promoter by anti-CD28 antibody treatment, whereas pretreatment with wortmannin, a PI3-kinase inhibitor, did not affect the induction of the c-jun promoter.	Ammonium Chloride	57-62	CD28 molecule	Homo sapiens	168-172
10403485-8	1999	In addition, pretreatment with an endolysomotropic agent NH4Cl, an acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitor, completely inhibited the activation of the c-jun promoter by anti-CD28 antibody treatment, whereas pretreatment with wortmannin, a PI3-kinase inhibitor, did not affect the induction of the c-jun promoter.	Ammonium Chloride	57-62	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	291-296
10092209-7	1998	Treatment of UMR cells with the above agents or ammonium chloride decreased excretion of 125I-labeled degradation products of collagenase-3.	Ammonium Chloride	48-65	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Rattus norvegicus	126-139
9841644-2	1998	For example, we have previously shown that as little as 2.5 mM NH4Cl can decrease neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polysialylation in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	Ammonium Chloride	63-68	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	113-117
9795009-6	1998	From the lysosomotropic reagents study, both ammonium chloride and monensin suppressed transcytosis and recycling as well as the degradation of EGF, while both chloroquine and bafilomycin A selectively suppressed the degradation process with only a minimal effect on transcytosis, resulting in an increase in the amount transcytosed.	Ammonium Chloride	45-62	epidermal growth factor	Canis lupus familiaris	144-147
9746485-3	1998	In patch-clamp studies, whole cell K+ currents were elicited by 10-mV depolarizing steps between -60 and 0 mV in VSM cells obtained from 50- to 150-micrometers-OD arterial branches, and pHi was lowered by altering the NH4Cl gradient across the cell membrane.	Ammonium Chloride	218-223	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
9820376-6	1998	Acidification using the NH4Cl prepulse technique lowered pHi by 0.6 +/- 0.02 pH units, with recovery ensuing at an initial rate of 0.09 +/- 0.04 pH units/min.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	57-60
9773881-6	1998	Sample preparation using NH4Cl and FACS lysing solution gave similar results for CD38 relative fluorescence intensity.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-85
9829357-7	1998	In HCO3--free media, pHi recovery after acidification with NH4Cl was amiloride-sensitive and Na+-dependent, indicating the presence of an Na+/H+ exchanger.	Ammonium Chloride	59-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	21-24
9746485-5	1998	These changes were reversed by returning cells to the control pHi of 7.0 and were eliminated by dialyzing cells with pipette solution containing 50 mmol/l HEPES to buffer NH4Cl-induced changes in pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	171-176	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
9749941-8	1998	Agents that elevate intracellular pH, such as ammonium chloride and chloroquine, also caused an intracellular accumulation of tropoelastin which appeared by immunofluorescence staining to be localized in secretory vesicles and/or endosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	46-63	elastin	Bos taurus	126-138
9725907-9	1998	By contrast, ammonium chloride affected both apical IgA and basolateral transferrin release.	Ammonium Chloride	13-30	inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase	Canis lupus familiaris	72-83
9735862-0	1998	Selective susceptibility of CD34-expressing cells to acquire flow cytometric features of apoptosis/necrosis on exposure to an ammonium chloride-based red blood cell lysing reagent.	Ammonium Chloride	126-143	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	28-32
9747439-5	1998	RESULTS: Immunoblots of whole cell lysates demonstrated increased levels of connexin43 in cultures treated with lysosomal inhibitors (chloroquine, leupeptin, E-64, or ammonium chloride) or proteasomal inhibitors (lactacystin or ALLN).	Ammonium Chloride	167-184	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
9701597-9	1998	The specific activity, GAD2 transcript, and 56-kD peptide increased in leaves of plants treated with 10 mM NH4Cl, 5 mM NH4NO3, 5 mM glutamic acid, or 5 mM glutamine as the sole nitrogen source compared with samples from plants treated with 10 mM KNO3.	Ammonium Chloride	107-112	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
9649582-8	1998	A steady pHi plateau was maintained during NH4Cl application, with little or no rebound acidification.	Ammonium Chloride	43-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	9-12
9490869-9	1998	In contrast, both NH4Cl and trimethylamine (TMA) inhibited Ca2+ signals during stimulation with either ACh or CCK.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
9657902-6	1998	Following acid loading in NaCl Ringers with a 20 mm NH4Cl prepulse, pHi recovery was partially inhibited by exposure to either Na-free (NMGCl) Ringers, 100 microM DMA or 20 microM bafilomycin A1.	Ammonium Chloride	52-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	68-71
9560473-6	1998	Ammonium chloride partially affects the lysosomal targeting of cathepsin D in control BHK cells, whereas in transfected cells, this drug strongly inhibits the maturation of human procathepsin D and slightly enhances its secretion.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	cathepsin D	Mesocricetus auratus	63-74
9557718-4	1998	We have previously isolated an SFV mutant, fus-1, that requires more acidic pH to trigger its fusion activity and is therefore more sensitive to inhibition by ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	159-176	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	43-48
9557718-7	1998	fus-1 revertants that have regained the parental fusion phenotype and ammonium chloride sensitivity were shown to have also regained E2 threonine 12.	Ammonium Chloride	70-87	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
9516235-11	1998	DBI also reduced by approximately 40% the rate of pHi recovery in cells acidified by an ammonium chloride (20 mM) prepulse; a reduction in pHi recovery rate was also caused by ACTZ and amiloride.	Ammonium Chloride	88-105	acyl-CoA-binding protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
9516235-11	1998	DBI also reduced by approximately 40% the rate of pHi recovery in cells acidified by an ammonium chloride (20 mM) prepulse; a reduction in pHi recovery rate was also caused by ACTZ and amiloride.	Ammonium Chloride	88-105	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	50-53
9514197-4	1998	Following intracellular acidification imposed by an NH4Cl prepulse, pHi recovered at a rapid rate, which was reduced by reduction of [Na+]o and was virtually abolished by EIPA and DIDS in combination.	Ammonium Chloride	52-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	68-71
9492297-6	1998	Using the lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl and the vesicularization inhibitor brefeldin A, we show here the convergence of TNF-alpha-induced death signaling on an acidic, subcellular compartment reminiscent of lysosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	31-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	117-126
9592070-4	1998	Ammonium chloride (10 mM, 1 min) initially alkalized (0.1 +/- 0.04) and thereafter acidified pHi (0.06 +/- 0.03), while the extracellular pH was first acidified and then alkalized.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
9643651-8	1998	Alkalization of the endosomal compartments by treatment with NH4Cl or chloroquine also results in the loss of Hsp47 to the cell surface, presumably by inhibiting the retrieval of trans-Golgi network proteins from the cell surface.	Ammonium Chloride	61-66	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
9604335-4	1998	The C18 minicolumn was chosen to concentrate the amines following addition of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide as buffer to neutralize them.	Ammonium Chloride	78-95	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	4-7
10099230-2	1998	The human interleukin-2 (IL-2) mutant glycoprotein variant IL-Mu6, which bears a novel N-glycosylation site (created by a single amino acid exchange of Gln100 to Asn), was produced under different defined protein-free culture conditions in the presence or absence of either glutamine, NH4Cl, or glucosamine.	Ammonium Chloride	285-290	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
9548465-2	1997	Indeed, inhibition of receptor internalization as well as NH4Cl and chloroquine blocked IL-1beta-mediated induction of NF-kappaB in OVCAR-3 and in other epithelial cell lines but not in lymphoid cells, indicating that distinct pathways are involved.	Ammonium Chloride	58-63	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	88-96
10205889-9	1998	Supplementation of the keratin-salt medium with minerals such as NH4Cl and MgSO4 slightly increased mycelial growth, but decreased production of extracellular keratinase.	Ammonium Chloride	65-70	keratin	Gallus gallus	23-30
9011566-8	1997	ET-1 also increased the rate of recovery from intracellular acidosis induced by the washout of NH4Cl in the control cells, but did not do so in the hypertrophied cells.	Ammonium Chloride	95-100	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9374657-10	1997	Bafilomycin A1 slowed the pHi increase after an NH4Cl (10 mM) prepulse.	Ammonium Chloride	48-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	26-29
9357859-4	1997	Incubation of cells with NH4Cl reduced the degradation of SP-A to a similar extent (to 33% of control values) in resting and primed tissue macrophages.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	58-62
9295331-6	1997	Here we show that p40, the carboxyl-terminal fragment resulting from this cleavage of MARCKS, was associated with the mitochondrial/lysosomal pellet fraction of human diploid fibroblasts and that its generation in cells was sensitive to treatment with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	252-257	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	18-21
9295331-6	1997	Here we show that p40, the carboxyl-terminal fragment resulting from this cleavage of MARCKS, was associated with the mitochondrial/lysosomal pellet fraction of human diploid fibroblasts and that its generation in cells was sensitive to treatment with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	252-257	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	86-92
9300184-5	1997	Secretion of beta-hexosaminidase activity doubled, whereas that of CD activity was unchanged, upon vacuolar alkalinization with ammonium chloride or chloroquine.	Ammonium Chloride	128-145	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	13-32
9249006-5	1997	The lysosomotropic agent ammonium chloride and the inhibitor of autophagocytosis 3-methyladenine slowed down CYP2E1 degradation by about 30%, while leupeptin had no effect.	Ammonium Chloride	25-42	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
9180272-3	1997	Ca2+ channels were expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) and pHi was increased from a basal level of 7.3 to 8.3 by exposure of cells to NH4Cl (20 mM) or by elevation of extracellular pH to 8.5.	Ammonium Chloride	150-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	75-78
9176201-3	1997	Increasing the resting pHi with ammonium chloride (5-20 mM), trimethylammonium (2-10 mM), or triethylammonium (1.2-8 mM) reduced the frequency of oscillations.	Ammonium Chloride	32-49	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
9126984-8	1997	Processing for MHC-I and MHC-II presentation was inhibited by ammonium chloride, suggesting that acidic compartments were required.	Ammonium Chloride	62-79	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	25-31
9156340-6	1997	Changes in pHi determined with the fluorescence multi-well plate reader after the addition and removal of NH4Cl or sodium lactate were comparable to changes in cells analyzed with a digitized fluorescence imaging system.	Ammonium Chloride	106-111	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	11-14
9124524-4	1997	Sodium propionate addition, NH4Cl prepulse, and nigericin addition, maneuvers that decrease intracellular pH in the absence of changes in extracellular pH, activated c-Src.	Ammonium Chloride	28-33	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	166-171
9277338-5	1997	We also showed that the pHi response to the acid load produced by an NH4Cl pulse has two components, one due to H(+)-monocarboxylate cotransport and the other due to Na+/H+ exchange.	Ammonium Chloride	69-74	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	24-27
9277362-1	1997	The aim of the present work was to study the effect of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on the Na/H antiport in rat aorta smooth muscle cells, evaluated as intracellular pH (pHi) recovery after an acid load with ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	215-232	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	59-84
9277362-1	1997	The aim of the present work was to study the effect of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on the Na/H antiport in rat aorta smooth muscle cells, evaluated as intracellular pH (pHi) recovery after an acid load with ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	215-232	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
9174666-8	1997	That the ganglioside sialidase inhibitors in the culture medium indeed affected solely the cell surface enzyme and not also a lysosomal sialidase, was demonstrated in an experiment where the desialylation of exogenously added radioactive gangliosides was determined in absence and presence of NeuAc2en and NH4Cl, an inhibitor of lysosomal function.	Ammonium Chloride	306-311	neuraminidase 3	Homo sapiens	9-30
9145921-3	1997	Using the human HT-1080 sarcoma line, we observed the secretion of GGH activity into media during culture (a phenomenon that could be markedly stimulated by exposure to NH4Cl) and an acidic pH optimum for in vitro catalytic activity of the enzyme.	Ammonium Chloride	169-174	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	67-70
9050969-5	1997	By measuring the amiloride-sensitive intracellular pH recovery rate after intracellular acid loading with NH4Cl, we estimated the NHE3 activity.	Ammonium Chloride	106-111	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
8962506-1	1996	A domain binding model was developed for explaining the multiple peak chromatograms obtained in the high-performance liquid chromatography of pure fibrinogen on a DEAE polymethacrylate column using different gradients of ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	221-238	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	147-157
8995736-2	1997	We investigated the effects of chronic metabolic acidosis (induced by administration on NH4Cl, 4.2 mmol/kg body wt/day) on the growth hormone/IGF-1 endocrine axis in 6 normal male volunteers during metabolic balance conditions.	Ammonium Chloride	88-93	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	127-141
8995736-2	1997	We investigated the effects of chronic metabolic acidosis (induced by administration on NH4Cl, 4.2 mmol/kg body wt/day) on the growth hormone/IGF-1 endocrine axis in 6 normal male volunteers during metabolic balance conditions.	Ammonium Chloride	88-93	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
8916270-1	1996	The mechanism(s) of degradation of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) by rat vascular smooth muscle A-10 cells, which possess the ETA receptor subtype, was investigated by incubating [125I]ET-1 (0.1 nM) with cells for 0-4 h at 37 degrees C in the presence and absence of lysosomal enzyme inhibitors, NH4Cl and chloroquine, and a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, phosphoramidon.	Ammonium Chloride	312-317	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-74
8903481-3	1996	Cytotoxicity of CD22-recombinant ricin A in vitro was very high as expressed by the very low 50% inhibition dose (ID50) of 3.5 x 10(-11) M. Cytotoxicity was increased 7 times in the presence of the cytotoxicity enhancer NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	220-225	CD22 antigen	Mus musculus	16-20
8903481-4	1996	The ultimate kill of Ramos cells by CD22-recombinant ricin A was high (2.7-log kill) and was increased strongly in the presence of NH4Cl (4.2-log kill).	Ammonium Chloride	131-136	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	36-40
8941214-6	1996	BafilomycinA1 and NH4Cl, both of which raise the intragranular pH to neutral, inhibited the eosinophil peroxidase exocytosis induced by platelet-activating factor.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	92-113
8756575-3	1996	Incubation for 20 h with the lysosomotropic agents NH4Cl and monensin inhibited GH internalization and reduced cell surface GHR, whereas no significant effect on the level of secreted GHBP was observed.	Ammonium Chloride	51-56	growth hormone receptor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	124-127
8808983-2	1996	pHi was measured by quantitative fluorescence microscopy by using BCECF-AM [2",7"-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxy-fluorescein acetoxy methylester] under basal conditions and after inducing cytoplasmic acidification with pulsed NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	226-231	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8916270-1	1996	The mechanism(s) of degradation of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) by rat vascular smooth muscle A-10 cells, which possess the ETA receptor subtype, was investigated by incubating [125I]ET-1 (0.1 nM) with cells for 0-4 h at 37 degrees C in the presence and absence of lysosomal enzyme inhibitors, NH4Cl and chloroquine, and a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, phosphoramidon.	Ammonium Chloride	312-317	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
8770065-7	1996	SP-A degradation was intracellular, since NH4Cl inhibited degradation > 50%, and macrophage-conditioned medium was ineffective.	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
8641177-4	1996	On the other hand, ammonium chloride and chloroquine, weak bases that neutralize the pH of acidic cell compartments, blocked IGFBP-3 potentiation of IGF-I-stimulated [3H]AIB uptake.	Ammonium Chloride	19-36	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Bos taurus	125-132
8756575-10	1996	NH4Cl and monensin reduced GHR restoration by about 50%, but the recovery of GHBP was not affected.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	growth hormone receptor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-30
8641177-4	1996	On the other hand, ammonium chloride and chloroquine, weak bases that neutralize the pH of acidic cell compartments, blocked IGFBP-3 potentiation of IGF-I-stimulated [3H]AIB uptake.	Ammonium Chloride	19-36	IGFI	Bos taurus	149-154
8626639-1	1996	The 20-kDa regulatory (LC20) and 17-kDa essential (LC17) light chain subunits could be removed from porcine aorta smooth muscle myosin by the use of trifluoperazine and ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	169-186	myosin light chain 9	Homo sapiens	23-27
8626639-1	1996	The 20-kDa regulatory (LC20) and 17-kDa essential (LC17) light chain subunits could be removed from porcine aorta smooth muscle myosin by the use of trifluoperazine and ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	169-186	myosin light chain 6	Homo sapiens	51-55
8664271-16	1996	Reduction of C135S-C32S with dithiothreitol (DTT) results in a decrease of epsilon454 to a value similar to that of TrR C135S, and subsequent NH4Cl titration leads to charge transfer complex formation in the nascent TrR C135S.	Ammonium Chloride	142-147	peroxiredoxin 5	Homo sapiens	216-219
7582501-7	1995	Annexin 1 secretion was inhibited in the presence of 20 mM NH4Cl or by conducting the experiments at 18 degrees C. In contrast, it was not inhibited by monensin, nocodazole or brefeldin A.	Ammonium Chloride	59-64	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	0-9
8967348-6	1996	Addition of 4 mM NH4Cl to perfusate and bath markedly decreased pHi (from 7.10 to 6.70) but did not stimulate luminal H+ secretion as assessed by HCO3- absorption.	Ammonium Chloride	17-22	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
8780245-9	1996	Furthermore, in the presence of NH4Cl, intracellular pH (pHi) increased from 7.05 +/- 0.02 to 7.15 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.05, n = 5) with ouabain addition and returned to 7.06 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.05) with ouabain removal.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8851498-5	1996	Following an intracellular acid load (induced by 10 mM NH4Cl removal), pHi recovery in HEPES-buffered Tyrode solution was significantly slowed down upon application of 0.3 mM TMZ only when myocytes were pretreated for 5 h 30 min (slowing by approximately 50%; P < 0.01).	Ammonium Chloride	55-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
8785408-10	1996	In normal men, NH4Cl resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in beta 2M mRNA expression in lymphocytes by an average factor of 1.5 (range, 1.1 to 1.8).	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
7485599-4	1995	Control resting pHi (7.1) and acidification in response to NH4Cl pulse (minimum pHi, 6.6) were essentially the same in snake tubules with oil-filled lumens or perfused lumens and in rabbit S2 proximal tubules with oil-filled lumens.	Ammonium Chloride	59-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	80-83
7556943-6	1995	Ammonium chloride is able to induce the expression of XANF-2 in uncommitted ectoderm.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	HESX homeobox 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	54-60
7490131-7	1995	In contrast, class I-restricted presentation of denatured OVA was sensitive to lysosomotropic agents (NH4Cl, vinblastine and leupeptin), indicating that endosomal-like compartments are involved in the presentation of denatured OVA.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	58-61
7490131-7	1995	In contrast, class I-restricted presentation of denatured OVA was sensitive to lysosomotropic agents (NH4Cl, vinblastine and leupeptin), indicating that endosomal-like compartments are involved in the presentation of denatured OVA.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	227-230
8576639-7	1995	Lysosomotropic agents, ammonium chloride and chloroquine, on the other hand, inhibit apoE degradation by over 70 and 80%, respectively, while total cell protein degradation remains unaffected.	Ammonium Chloride	23-40	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	85-89
7575397-6	1995	Recovery of pHi in response to acidification, induced by washout of a 20 mM NH4Cl prepulse, was > 90% inhibited by EIPA (3 microM), confirming the presence of an ET-1-responsive Na(+)-H+ exchanger.	Ammonium Chloride	76-81	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
7575397-6	1995	Recovery of pHi in response to acidification, induced by washout of a 20 mM NH4Cl prepulse, was > 90% inhibited by EIPA (3 microM), confirming the presence of an ET-1-responsive Na(+)-H+ exchanger.	Ammonium Chloride	76-81	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
7636966-4	1995	The decrease in total cellular levels of CD4 during myxoma virus infection could be inhibited by the lysosomotrophic agent NH4Cl, suggesting a lysosomal fate for CD4 during myxoma virus infection.	Ammonium Chloride	123-128	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	41-44
7636966-4	1995	The decrease in total cellular levels of CD4 during myxoma virus infection could be inhibited by the lysosomotrophic agent NH4Cl, suggesting a lysosomal fate for CD4 during myxoma virus infection.	Ammonium Chloride	123-128	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	162-165
7642558-7	1995	10 microM CNP increased osteoclast bone resorptive activity, measured by the resorption area on whale dentine wafers, or by the NH4Cl-inhibitable release of [3H]proline from radiolabeled bone chips, to 214 and 557% of control, respectively, without affecting osteoclast formation.	Ammonium Chloride	128-133	natriuretic peptide type C	Mus musculus	10-13
8751832-6	1996	1774 cells from PO4 and NH4Cl groups showed significant increases in intracellular IL-1 alpha following treatment with LPS.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	83-93
8780258-5	1996	K-dependent pHi recovery (5 mM K, 140 mM N-methyl-D-glucamine) was monitored in response to a pulse of NH4Cl (10 mM).	Ammonium Chloride	103-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	12-15
8780258-8	1996	Luminal K-dependent pHi recovery was monitored in response to an acute pulse of NH4Cl in individual peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA)-binding ICs.	Ammonium Chloride	80-85	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	20-23
7559618-4	1995	Ammonium chloride or chloroquine inhibited partially the degradation of apoB100 and apoB48, indicating some degradation in lysosomes, or in an acidic compartment such as trans-Golgi or endosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	72-79
7559618-4	1995	Ammonium chloride or chloroquine inhibited partially the degradation of apoB100 and apoB48, indicating some degradation in lysosomes, or in an acidic compartment such as trans-Golgi or endosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
7474657-4	1995	Chloroquine (50 to 100 microns) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, 30mM), two lysosomotropic amines known to stimulate the secretion of lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts and macrophages, also stimulated secreted NAG in PKSV-PCT cells.	Ammonium Chloride	36-53	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	206-209
7598914-9	1995	Following an NH4Cl-induced alkaline load, the pHi of both control- and heparin-treated sperm recovered toward the resting pHi with a half-time of recovery of 1.5-1.7 min.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	46-49
7770726-11	1995	NH4Cl did not influence the number of internalized molecules but postponed degradation of CD22.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-94
7791544-7	1995	The proportion of extracellular B-isoforms increased with time, presumably due to instability of A-isoforms at 37 degrees C. Cycloheximide inhibited the release of Hex activity, whereas NH4Cl increased the extracellular fraction of Hex, even at a concentration of 1 mmol/l.	Ammonium Chloride	186-191	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	232-235
7598914-9	1995	Following an NH4Cl-induced alkaline load, the pHi of both control- and heparin-treated sperm recovered toward the resting pHi with a half-time of recovery of 1.5-1.7 min.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	122-125
7631147-11	1995	The ability of T2Kb cells to present Sendai virus antigen in a TAP independent BFA resistant fashion was only partially blocked by lysosomal inhibitors such as methylamine, ammonium chloride and chloroquine.	Ammonium Chloride	173-190	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
7769606-5	1995	A Na+/H+ exchanger, demonstrated by NH4Cl exposure, was inhibited by amiloride and its analogues and stimulated by IBMX, phorbol esters, and epithelial growth factor (EGF).	Ammonium Chloride	36-41	pro-epidermal growth factor	Fundulus heteroclitus	141-165
7769606-5	1995	A Na+/H+ exchanger, demonstrated by NH4Cl exposure, was inhibited by amiloride and its analogues and stimulated by IBMX, phorbol esters, and epithelial growth factor (EGF).	Ammonium Chloride	36-41	pro-epidermal growth factor	Fundulus heteroclitus	167-170
7964719-3	1994	Here it is reported that treatment of cultured astrocytes with ammonium chloride reduces GFAP mRNA by up to 85% without inhibiting total RNA synthesis.	Ammonium Chloride	63-80	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	89-93
7873795-7	1994	Immunodetection of GIMPc and GIMPt in epididymal cells in vitro revealed a reticular, perinuclear pattern, and NH4Cl treatment preferentially disrupted the GIMPt immunolocalization.	Ammonium Chloride	111-116	golgi integral membrane protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
7810595-7	1994	Cytosolic alkalinization by monensin or NH4Cl enhanced thrombin, ADP, and thimerosal-induced external Ca2+ entry.	Ammonium Chloride	40-45	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	55-63
7955153-3	1994	pHi was altered at constant pHo by use of NH4Cl and measured with the fluorescent dye BCECF.	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
7955153-8	1994	Addition of NH4Cl elicited a rapid monotonic increase in pHi and then a slow recovery toward initial levels; washout of NH4Cl led to a rapid acidification followed by recovery.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	57-60
7955153-12	1994	Thus, the effects on force of the NH4Cl-induced changes in pHi are associated with changes in the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus rather than mediated through changes in [Ca2+]i.	Ammonium Chloride	34-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	59-62
7964719-5	1994	The reduction in GFAP mRNA was detected 3 h after initiation of ammonia treatment with a maximum effect observed at 24 h. Significant decreases in GFAP mRNA were observed at 2, 5, and 10 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	190-195	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	17-21
7964719-5	1994	The reduction in GFAP mRNA was detected 3 h after initiation of ammonia treatment with a maximum effect observed at 24 h. Significant decreases in GFAP mRNA were observed at 2, 5, and 10 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	190-195	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	147-151
7964719-7	1994	In addition, removal of ammonium chloride restored GFAP mRNA to normal levels.	Ammonium Chloride	24-41	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	51-55
7964719-9	1994	Studies using alpha-amanitin, an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II, showed that NH4Cl decreased the stability of GFAP mRNA by approximately 50%.	Ammonium Chloride	77-82	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	110-114
7818858-2	1994	pHi was modified with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and propionate.	Ammonium Chloride	22-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
7806521-8	1994	In the presence of 0.5 M NH4Cl, which enhances the binding of Asp-tRNA by EF1 alpha, hDRS-bound Asp-tRNA can be transferred directly to EF1 alpha.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	74-83
7806521-8	1994	In the presence of 0.5 M NH4Cl, which enhances the binding of Asp-tRNA by EF1 alpha, hDRS-bound Asp-tRNA can be transferred directly to EF1 alpha.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	136-145
7923632-10	1994	Furthermore, the pHi recovery following NH4Cl exposure was accelerated by isoproterenol in the presence of probenecid, indicating that the Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport and/or the Na(+)-H+ antiport also could be activated.	Ammonium Chloride	40-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
7829693-2	1994	METHODS: Changes in proinsulin secretion or cleavage were assessed by measuring serum intact proinsulin and immunoreactive insulin concentrations in three models of acid base and calcium disturbance: (1) subacute changes in acid base status in six volunteers who received oral placebo, ammonium chloride, or sodium bicarbonate for three five day periods; (2) acute changes in calcium concentration in eight subjects who received 25 mmol oral calcium; (3) chronic changes in calcium concentration in seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and five with pseudohypoparathyroidism.	Ammonium Chloride	286-303	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-30
7929211-10	1994	The weak base NH4Cl was shown to delay the processing and enzymatic activation of cathepsin G, whereas the monovalent ionophore monensin completely inhibited both events.	Ammonium Chloride	14-19	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	82-93
7882063-1	1994	Chronic acidosis evoked by a 7-day application of ammonium chloride in concentration of 2% increased the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in renal homogenates of rats to approximately 160%.	Ammonium Chloride	50-67	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	117-140
7882063-1	1994	Chronic acidosis evoked by a 7-day application of ammonium chloride in concentration of 2% increased the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in renal homogenates of rats to approximately 160%.	Ammonium Chloride	50-67	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
7882063-6	1994	After the substitution of ammonium chloride by drinking water, the return of the increased GAD activity to previous normal values lasted 7 days, whilst apparent normalization of the weight of experimental animals reoccurred on the first day.	Ammonium Chloride	26-43	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
7943232-6	1994	pHi was acidified by two different methods (NH4Cl pulse and external Na+ removal) to assess liver cell Na+/H+ exchange activity.	Ammonium Chloride	44-49	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8063854-1	1994	By quantitative immunoelectron microscopy and HPLC, we have studied the effect of disrupting pH gradients, by ammonium chloride, on proinsulin conversion in the insulin-producing B-cells of the islets of langerhans.	Ammonium Chloride	110-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-142
8063758-10	1994	Pretreatment of cells with lysosomotropic agents (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, and bacitracin) decreased hormone degradation and increased nuclear translocation of GH.	Ammonium Chloride	63-80	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	167-169
7818858-2	1994	pHi was modified with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and propionate.	Ammonium Chloride	41-46	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
8035515-6	1994	This Nef-induced acceleration of CD4 turnover was inhibited by lysosomotropic agents NH4Cl and chloroquine as well as by the protease inhibitor leupeptin.	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	5-8
8035515-6	1994	This Nef-induced acceleration of CD4 turnover was inhibited by lysosomotropic agents NH4Cl and chloroquine as well as by the protease inhibitor leupeptin.	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-36
7993526-5	1994	The Ki values for inhibition of the enzyme in vitro were 7.2 and 8.5 mM for ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride, respectively, when acetylcholinesterase was assayed in rat brain homogenates, and 7.6 and 8.3 mM when assayed in mice brain homogenates.	Ammonium Chloride	97-114	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	135-155
8026512-5	1994	Class I-restricted presentation of both epitopes processed from these hsp73-associated protein antigens was sensitive to NH4Cl and chloroquine.	Ammonium Chloride	121-126	heat shock protein 8	Mus musculus	70-75
8048566-5	1994	Decreasing intracellular pH (pHi) by the NH4Cl pulse method showed similar results, suggesting a possible regulatory role of pHi on cotransport activity.	Ammonium Chloride	41-46	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	29-32
7948429-7	1994	PMA-induced down-regulation of receptors was not dependent on acidity as it occurred also in the presence of monensin and NH4Cl when the release of TNF-BPs is partially blocked.	Ammonium Chloride	122-127	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	148-151
8031852-7	1994	Removal of NH4Cl bathing solution resulted in cytosolic acidification, pH 6.9, and an increase in [Mg2+]i, from 467 +/- 47 to 569 +/- 41 microM.	Ammonium Chloride	11-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	71-73
8204657-6	1994	Ammonium chloride significantly increased latent cathepsin B levels without affecting the constitutive secretion of cystatin C.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	49-60
9397962-2	1994	Proenkephalin was processed with a t1/2 of approximately 1.1 h. Processing of proenkephalin-derived peptides of 15-25 kDa was essentially complete by 1 h. Treatment of chromaffin cells with brefeldin A to block the intracellular transport of proteins or with ammonium chloride to neutralize acidic intracellular compartments had only minor effects on the initial processing of proenkephalin.	Ammonium Chloride	259-276	proenkephalin	Bos taurus	78-91
8185316-3	1994	In contrast, two altered proregion cathepsin L proteins, one in which the proregion was deleted and a second in which the proregion was replaced with that of a homologous protein (aleurain), were retained within the cell and degraded over a period of 2-6 h. Immunofluorescence localization and the lack of effect of NH4Cl and brefeldin A on the turnover of the altered cathepsin L proteins indicated that their degradation occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).	Ammonium Chloride	316-321	cathepsin L	Mus musculus	35-46
8203534-8	1994	The pHi recovery rate (expressed as mmol H+.l-1.min-1) was determined under both conditions after acid loading by transient exposure and removal of 20 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	154-159	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	4-7
8184895-7	1994	To determine whether inhibition of Ca2+ absorption results from intracellular acidification, pHi was lowered using an NH4Cl pulse while extracellular pH was kept constant.	Ammonium Chloride	118-123	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	93-96
8184895-7	1994	To determine whether inhibition of Ca2+ absorption results from intracellular acidification, pHi was lowered using an NH4Cl pulse while extracellular pH was kept constant.	Ammonium Chloride	118-123	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	93-95
8057082-5	1994	In cell-attached patches pHi was changed by extracellular NH4Cl or through the opened cell.	Ammonium Chloride	58-63	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	25-28
18615748-1	1994	The N-linked glycosylation of the recombinant protein mouse placental lactogen-I (mPL-I) expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells under nongrowth conditions was inhibited by increasing levels of ammonium chloride (3 and 9 mM) in a serum-free, protein expression medium.	Ammonium Chloride	201-218	prolactin family 3, subfamily d, member 1	Mus musculus	60-80
18615748-1	1994	The N-linked glycosylation of the recombinant protein mouse placental lactogen-I (mPL-I) expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells under nongrowth conditions was inhibited by increasing levels of ammonium chloride (3 and 9 mM) in a serum-free, protein expression medium.	Ammonium Chloride	201-218	prolactin family 3, subfamily d, member 1	Mus musculus	82-87
18615748-3	1994	In media containing 0 and 9 mM ammonium chloride, the percentage of the most heavily glycosylated forms of secreted mPL-I decreased from ca.	Ammonium Chloride	31-48	prolactin family 3, subfamily d, member 1	Mus musculus	116-121
18615748-13	1994	Ammonium chloride, 9 mM, inhibited the expression rate of MPL-I by CHO cells at low pH(e).	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	prolactin family 3, subfamily d, member 1	Mus musculus	58-63
8021835-13	1994	Addition of 20 mM trimethylamine or NH4Cl increased pHi by around 0.2 pH units and produced an early transient decrease in contractile activity followed by a later maintained increase, both in frequency and magnitude.	Ammonium Chloride	36-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
8308293-8	1994	With 155 mM ammonium chloride treatment, the eosinophils showed a striking reduction in cytokine mediated survival due to interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), marked morphologic abnormalities and a reduced degranulation response.	Ammonium Chloride	12-29	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	122-140
8003949-6	1994	NH4Cl administration indicated a decline of GAG degradation in the course of development in presence of lectins.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	uncharacterized LOC107052719	Gallus gallus	44-47
7511337-1	1994	It has recently been demonstrated that uremic metabolic acidosis and experimental metabolic acidosis caused by ingestion of ammonium chloride coincide with increased Na(+)-H+ exchanger (NHE-1) activity in human blood cells.	Ammonium Chloride	124-141	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	186-191
8141263-1	1994	Na(+)-H+ exchange and Na(+)-dependent HCO3- influx both contribute to recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) after an acidosis induced by using the NH4Cl prepulse technique in mammalian and avian cardiac tissue.	Ammonium Chloride	144-149	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	100-103
8192918-4	1994	However, DEF-->NL mice showed markedly altered weight changes when placed on oral ammonium chloride, an effect apparently secondary to dehydration due to decreased water intake.	Ammonium Chloride	85-102	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Mus musculus	9-12
8308293-8	1994	With 155 mM ammonium chloride treatment, the eosinophils showed a striking reduction in cytokine mediated survival due to interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), marked morphologic abnormalities and a reduced degranulation response.	Ammonium Chloride	12-29	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	142-146
8308293-8	1994	With 155 mM ammonium chloride treatment, the eosinophils showed a striking reduction in cytokine mediated survival due to interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), marked morphologic abnormalities and a reduced degranulation response.	Ammonium Chloride	12-29	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	151-199
8308293-8	1994	With 155 mM ammonium chloride treatment, the eosinophils showed a striking reduction in cytokine mediated survival due to interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), marked morphologic abnormalities and a reduced degranulation response.	Ammonium Chloride	12-29	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	201-207
7508941-5	1994	In transfected CHO fibroblasts, which lack secretory granules, P-selectin was degraded with a half time of 2.3 h in plated cells, while low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) had a half life of 9 h. In cells cultured in ammonium chloride to inhibit lysosomal proteinases, P-selectin was protected from degradation and rapidly accumulated in vesicles enriched in lgp-B, a resident lysosomal membrane protein.	Ammonium Chloride	222-239	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
7508941-7	1994	Deletion of 10 amino acids from the cytoplasmic domain of P-selectin extended the half life to 9.5 h and abrogated rapid lysosomal targeting in the presence of ammonium chloride, implicating this sequence as a necessary element of a novel lysosomal targeting signal.	Ammonium Chloride	160-177	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
8283140-0	1994	Processing and intracellular transport of cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase in the leukemic myeloid cell line U-937-modulation by brefeldin A, ammonium chloride, and monensin.	Ammonium Chloride	145-162	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	42-53
7511608-6	1994	The degradation of an intracellularly retained human growth hormone (hGH)-DAF fusion protein containing a nonfunctional GPI signal shows some features of ER degradation, i.e. the degradation is insensitive to leupeptin, chloroquine, and ammonium chloride, and is inhibited at 16 degrees C or after ATP depletion.	Ammonium Chloride	237-254	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-77
8283140-0	1994	Processing and intracellular transport of cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase in the leukemic myeloid cell line U-937-modulation by brefeldin A, ammonium chloride, and monensin.	Ammonium Chloride	145-162	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	58-77
8283140-1	1994	The effects of brefeldin A, monensin, and the weak base NH4Cl on the biosynthesis and processing of cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase of myeloid cells were investigated.	Ammonium Chloride	56-61	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	100-111
8127023-8	1994	The recovery of cellular pH after three different types of acid load, namely, ammonium chloride pulse, nigericin clamp and lowering of extracellular pH, was significantly decreased by ANP and cGMP.	Ammonium Chloride	78-95	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	184-187
8146028-5	1994	Changes in pHi in response to NH4Cl pulses and acetylcholine stimulation were comparable with results reported previously for isolated acini.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
8019601-0	1994	Effects of NH4Cl and nocodazole on polarized fibronectin secretion vary amongst different epithelial cell types.	Ammonium Chloride	11-16	fibronectin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	45-56
8019601-8	1994	These observations demonstrate that the nature as well as the extent of the effects of NH4-Cl and nocodazole on polarized fibronectin secretion varies amongst different epithelial cell types.	Ammonium Chloride	87-93	fibronectin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	122-133
7908597-5	1993	NH4Cl greatly depressed orthodromic transmission evoked by the stimulation of Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers several minutes after depolarizing the CA1 neuron.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
8277518-5	1993	Similarly, a complete abrogation of the quartz effect on cathepsin B was noted when the cells were incubated with quartz in the presence of NH4Cl in order to prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion.	Ammonium Chloride	140-145	cathepsin B	Bos taurus	57-68
8238532-6	1993	The bulk of the breakdown of SP-B occurred inside the type II cells since degradation did not occur at 4 degrees C, showed a 1-h lag period, was proportional to the SP-B protein internalized by the cells, was inhibited 47% by ammonium chloride, was unaffected by the addition of protease inhibitors to the medium, and cell-conditioned medium produced only limited SP-B degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	226-243	surfactant protein B	Homo sapiens	29-33
8238532-6	1993	The bulk of the breakdown of SP-B occurred inside the type II cells since degradation did not occur at 4 degrees C, showed a 1-h lag period, was proportional to the SP-B protein internalized by the cells, was inhibited 47% by ammonium chloride, was unaffected by the addition of protease inhibitors to the medium, and cell-conditioned medium produced only limited SP-B degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	226-243	surfactant protein B	Homo sapiens	165-169
8238532-6	1993	The bulk of the breakdown of SP-B occurred inside the type II cells since degradation did not occur at 4 degrees C, showed a 1-h lag period, was proportional to the SP-B protein internalized by the cells, was inhibited 47% by ammonium chloride, was unaffected by the addition of protease inhibitors to the medium, and cell-conditioned medium produced only limited SP-B degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	226-243	surfactant protein B	Homo sapiens	165-169
8286120-7	1993	The requirement for internalization of a high concentration of Na+ can be bypassed by the addition of 25 mM NH4Cl to raise the pHi of cells capacitated in 25 mM Na+ (insufficient Na+ to support exocytosis under usual conditions).	Ammonium Chloride	108-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	127-130
7693667-5	1993	Because IBMX antagonizes this action of NH4Cl, these results further suggest that elevation of pHi initiates an inactivation of guanylyl cyclase that leads to K channel closure.	Ammonium Chloride	40-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	95-98
8264727-8	1993	H2O2 and OH radicals production in TRBC was considerably reduced when digestion of host cell cytosol was inhibited either by antiproteases (which reduce the proteolysis of imported catalase) or by its alkalinization with NH4Cl (which reduce methemoglobin formation).	Ammonium Chloride	221-226	catalase	Homo sapiens	181-189
8226330-4	1993	A transient exposure to 21.4 mM NH4Cl caused a rapid cytosolic alkalinization followed by a brisk acidification and prompt recovery of pHi to its control value.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	135-138
8290363-0	1993	Scanning force microscopy of circular and linear plasmid DNA spread on mica with a quaternary ammonium salt.	Ammonium Chloride	83-107	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	71-75
8394691-4	1993	The presence of low (0.5 mmol/l) and high (10 mmol/l) doses of NH4Cl induced significant intracellular acidification by -0.06 +/- 0.03 and -0.11 +/- 0.03 pH unit respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	63-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	154-156
8394691-7	1993	When the intracellular availability of HCO3- was decreased by acetazolamide (0.5 mmol/l) or by removal of HCO3- from the perfusion medium, the decrease in pHi by NH4Cl application was significantly lower than under control conditions.	Ammonium Chloride	162-167	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
8394691-13	1993	If the extrusion of H+ by the Na+/H+ exchanger was inhibited by amiloride (0.5 mmol/l) during the NH4Cl application, the decrease in pHi was amplified and the formation of urea was significantly inhibited.	Ammonium Chloride	98-103	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
8330374-5	1993	Changes in pHi, with a constant pHo, were induced with NH4Cl or by changing PCO2.	Ammonium Chloride	55-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
8498523-5	1993	pHi increased rapidly after addition of 25 mM NH4Cl in both cultured and freshly isolated cells and then decreased back toward baseline over the following 10 min.	Ammonium Chloride	46-51	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
8393626-7	1993	After an intracellular acidosis induced by an NH4Cl prepulse, the proton efflux rate (JH) at pHi 6.90 was 0.5 +/- 0.2 nmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 14) in HEPES solution and 1.2 +/- 0.4 mmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 13) in HCO3- solution.	Ammonium Chloride	46-51	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	93-96
8514796-9	1993	The mature, Endo H-resistant form of the EPO-R appears to be degraded in lysosomes or in other acidic organelles, since receptor degradation is blocked by treatment with NH4Cl, chloroquine, or leupeptin.	Ammonium Chloride	170-175	erythropoietin receptor	Mus musculus	41-46
8514796-13	1993	These membrane-anchored COOH-terminal fragments are probably degraded in lysosomes or in other acidic vesicles as cell fractionation demonstrates that they colocalize with lysosomes, and similar to the intact EPO-R, their degradation is inhibited by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	250-255	erythropoietin receptor	Mus musculus	209-214
8514796-14	1993	Finally, double labeling immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that in NH4Cl-treated cells both intact mature EPO-R and the 46- and 39-kDa fragments accumulate in lysosomes and presumably are normally degraded there.	Ammonium Chloride	76-81	erythropoietin receptor	Mus musculus	115-120
8328315-3	1993	Exposure to NH4Cl caused a transient increase in both pHi and Cai without a change in extracellular pH (pHo).	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	54-57
8498523-6	1993	The rise in pHi was associated with a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. Resuspension of cells in an NH4Cl-free solution resulted in rapid intracellular acidification, which recovered over the subsequent 10 min.	Ammonium Chloride	97-102	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	12-15
8473293-10	1993	Chloroquine and NH4Cl significantly reduced apoE degradation; however, ALLN plus either of these reagents appear to have an additive effect.	Ammonium Chloride	16-21	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	44-48
1329529-9	1992	When cells were acidified (pHi 6.3-7.0) using a NH4Cl (20 mM) pulse technique, pHi was rapidly restored toward neutrality in the presence of a HCO3(-)-free external Na+ concentration ([Na+]o)-containing solution (pH units/min = 0.26 +/- 0.12; n = 8).	Ammonium Chloride	48-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-30
8428976-4	1993	In contrast, the weak base ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of A beta production with less decrease in p3.	Ammonium Chloride	27-44	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	91-97
8428976-4	1993	In contrast, the weak base ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of A beta production with less decrease in p3.	Ammonium Chloride	46-51	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	91-97
8222275-6	1993	Addition of NH4Cl even at 3 mM resulted in an increased release of total Hex, which was already noted within 24 h. We speculate that the increased concentration of plasma NH4+ in patients with liver disease interferes with the intracellular distribution pathway of the lysosomal enzymes and this could contribute to the increased content of lysosomal enzymes present in plasma from these patients.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	73-76
1335472-2	1992	To modulate pHi, two approaches were used: variation of extracellular pH (pHo) and addition of sodium propionate and ammonium chloride which alter pHi directly.	Ammonium Chloride	117-134	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
1335472-2	1992	To modulate pHi, two approaches were used: variation of extracellular pH (pHo) and addition of sodium propionate and ammonium chloride which alter pHi directly.	Ammonium Chloride	117-134	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
1335472-4	1992	Sodium propionate (30 mmol/l) reduced pHi by 0.06 units whereas ammonium chloride (30 mmol/l) increased pHi by 0.1 units.	Ammonium Chloride	64-81	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
1335472-8	1992	In comparison, elevation of pHi by ammonium chloride enhanced the GRF-stimulated cAMP release by up to 75% and the corresponding increase in GH was less than 20%.	Ammonium Chloride	35-52	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1335472-9	1992	When the relationship between pHi and intracellular Ca2+ was determined with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Fura-2, it was found that increasing pHo and treatment with ammonium chloride increased intracellular Ca2+, while sodium propionate and reducing pHi had no effect on intracellular Ca2+.	Ammonium Chloride	169-186	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
1335472-9	1992	When the relationship between pHi and intracellular Ca2+ was determined with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Fura-2, it was found that increasing pHo and treatment with ammonium chloride increased intracellular Ca2+, while sodium propionate and reducing pHi had no effect on intracellular Ca2+.	Ammonium Chloride	169-186	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	254-257
1415715-2	1992	Exposure to NH4Cl increases pHi transiently, but NH4+ may have effects independent of pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1415715-8	1992	We conclude that 1) exposure to NH4Cl increases Cl-uptake primarily by a bumetanide-sensitive transport system that did not reach steady state during the experiment, 2) exposure to NH4Cl also stimulates Cl- uptake by a DIDS-sensitive mechanism, and 3) only the latter is pHi sensitive.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	271-274
1415715-8	1992	We conclude that 1) exposure to NH4Cl increases Cl-uptake primarily by a bumetanide-sensitive transport system that did not reach steady state during the experiment, 2) exposure to NH4Cl also stimulates Cl- uptake by a DIDS-sensitive mechanism, and 3) only the latter is pHi sensitive.	Ammonium Chloride	181-186	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	271-274
1329529-9	1992	When cells were acidified (pHi 6.3-7.0) using a NH4Cl (20 mM) pulse technique, pHi was rapidly restored toward neutrality in the presence of a HCO3(-)-free external Na+ concentration ([Na+]o)-containing solution (pH units/min = 0.26 +/- 0.12; n = 8).	Ammonium Chloride	48-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	79-82
1415529-5	1992	The gluconeogenic substrate-induced stimulation of ureagenesis from NH4Cl was still observed under conditions of reduced flux through pyruvate carboxylase, ruling out that their action was exclusively mediated by the anaplerotic effect of this enzyme.	Ammonium Chloride	68-73	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	134-154
1314849-4	1992	This pHi recovery rate was similar in chronic acidosis induced by NH4Cl loading, but it was enhanced (+111%) by treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA).	Ammonium Chloride	66-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	5-8
1527011-7	1992	Lysosomotropic agents, such as NH4Cl, chloroquine, and monensin inhibited CD4 degradation, consistent with a lysosomal fate for CD4.	Ammonium Chloride	31-36	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	74-77
1527011-7	1992	Lysosomotropic agents, such as NH4Cl, chloroquine, and monensin inhibited CD4 degradation, consistent with a lysosomal fate for CD4.	Ammonium Chloride	31-36	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	128-131
1504097-5	1992	Exposure to NH4Cl resulted in an initial intracellular acidification of the TALH SVE.1 cells, followed by a recovery to the initial steady-state pHi value.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	145-148
1637840-3	1992	We found that various experimental manipulations that increased pHi, such as exposure of the cells to NH4Cl, a decrease of the partial pressure of CO2 or an increase in extracellular pH in the presence of nigericin invariably increased Cai.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
1377692-8	1992	In the expressing baby hamster kidney cells, human cathepsin S is transported to the lysosomes via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor pathway as shown by density gradient centrifugation, immunofluorescence, and detection of the 37-kDa cathepsin S precursor in the medium in the presence of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	288-293	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	51-62
1606164-3	1992	The acidotropic amines chloroquine (20 microM) and ammonium chloride (10 mM) cause accumulation (both approximately 4-fold) of GLUT-1 protein and a small increase (both approximately 25%) in hexose transport in glucose-fed fibroblasts (24 h).	Ammonium Chloride	51-68	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	127-133
1315290-7	1992	RBP degradation is slow and is insensitive to the treatment with NH4Cl, which inactivates lysosomal proteases and to the drug brefeldin A, which prevents protein export from the ER.	Ammonium Chloride	65-70	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
1336929-3	1992	Exposure to 20 mM NH4Cl immediately alkalinized pHi: replacement with a Na(+)-rich solution acidified pHi before recovery to resting levels.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	48-51
1336929-3	1992	Exposure to 20 mM NH4Cl immediately alkalinized pHi: replacement with a Na(+)-rich solution acidified pHi before recovery to resting levels.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	102-105
1336929-4	1992	When NH4Cl was replaced by a low Na+ solution, acidification was sustained but pHi recovery occurred after Na(+)-rich solution.	Ammonium Chloride	5-10	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	79-82
1287079-0	1992	Effect of NH4Cl acidosis on the function of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in newborn infants.	Ammonium Chloride	10-15	renin	Homo sapiens	44-49
1318035-8	1992	Degradation of 125I-t-PA at 37 degrees C by both cell types was inhibited by chloroquine or NH4Cl, indicating that t-PA is degraded lysosomally.	Ammonium Chloride	92-97	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
1318035-8	1992	Degradation of 125I-t-PA at 37 degrees C by both cell types was inhibited by chloroquine or NH4Cl, indicating that t-PA is degraded lysosomally.	Ammonium Chloride	92-97	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
1570347-3	1992	In the absence of HCO3-, intracellular alkalinization and acidification produced by NH4Cl exposure and withdrawal produced membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively, as expected for pHi-induced changes in gK+.	Ammonium Chloride	84-89	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	200-203
1322994-10	1992	Analysis of the sodium dependence of the pHi recovery after NH4Cl prepulse revealed Vmax = 0.57 pH units/min, Km = 39.7 mmol/liter extracellular sodium for the amiloride-sensitive component and Vmax = 0.19 pH units/min, Km = 14.3 mmol/liter extracellular sodium for the amiloride-insensitive component.	Ammonium Chloride	60-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	41-44
1579468-3	1992	Unlike the group IIB introns, aI1 is inactive in 10 mM Mg2+ (including spermidine) and requires much higher levels of Mg2+ and added salts (1M NH4Cl or KCl or 2M (NH4)2SO4) for ready detection of splicing activity.	Ammonium Chloride	143-148	intron-encoded reverse transcriptase aI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-33
1579468-6	1992	AI1 RNA is most reactive at 37-42 degrees C, as compared with 45 degrees C for the group IIB introns; and it lacks the KCl- or NH4Cl-dependent spliced-exon reopening reaction that is evident for the self-splicing group IIB introns of yeast mitochondria.	Ammonium Chloride	127-132	intron-encoded reverse transcriptase aI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-3
1588302-11	1992	The pHi sensitivity of the Ba(2+)-sensitive NH4+ influx in S-MTAL when exposed to (apical+basolateral) NH4Cl was greater than that observed in IP-MTAL where NH4Cl was added only to apical membranes, suggesting an additional effect of intracellular NH4+/NH3 on NH4+ influx.	Ammonium Chloride	103-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	4-7
1324837-9	1992	Enzyme activity measurements and immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cells showed that incubation with NH4Cl leads to an enhanced secretion of these enzymes into the basolateral medium, but has no effect on the basolateral secretion of alpha-glucosidase.	Ammonium Chloride	112-117	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	245-262
1564402-6	1992	Similar although less efficient inhibition of C5a receptor reexpression was observed with NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	90-95	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	46-58
1588302-11	1992	The pHi sensitivity of the Ba(2+)-sensitive NH4+ influx in S-MTAL when exposed to (apical+basolateral) NH4Cl was greater than that observed in IP-MTAL where NH4Cl was added only to apical membranes, suggesting an additional effect of intracellular NH4+/NH3 on NH4+ influx.	Ammonium Chloride	157-162	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	4-7
1311525-2	1992	When the apical Na(+)-H+ antiporter was inhibited in the absence of AVP with removal of luminal Na+ plus addition of 0.5 mM amiloride, a small but significant increase in pHi was observed after luminal NH4Cl-induced acidification of MTAL cells to pHi less than 6.7.	Ammonium Chloride	202-207	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	16-35
1311525-2	1992	When the apical Na(+)-H+ antiporter was inhibited in the absence of AVP with removal of luminal Na+ plus addition of 0.5 mM amiloride, a small but significant increase in pHi was observed after luminal NH4Cl-induced acidification of MTAL cells to pHi less than 6.7.	Ammonium Chloride	202-207	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	171-174
1317456-2	1992	Intracellular pH (pHi) was lowered by a NH4Cl-prepulse technique.	Ammonium Chloride	40-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
1531012-4	1992	Studies on cells cultured in the presence of drugs known to affect the intracellular transport (deoxynojirimycin, brefeldin A and NH4Cl) indicated that the association with cathepsin D precursor occurs early after the synthesis and is at least partially maintained after secretion.	Ammonium Chloride	130-135	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	173-184
1309326-7	1992	Also, after the Na(+)-depleted cells were incubated in 20 mM NH4Cl, which promptly normalized pHi despite the decreased [Na+]i, the response of cAMP production to AVP was restored.	Ammonium Chloride	61-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
1660875-5	1991	At 20 mM glucose, 10 mM NH4Cl induced a marked rise in pHi, paralleled by repolarization, inhibition of electrical activity, and decreases in both [Ca2+]i and insulin release.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	55-58
1954395-4	1991	A 2-hour preincubation of C57BL/6 bone marrow/spleen (BMS) with anti-LFA1-RTA in the presence of ammonium chloride (a potentiator of immunotoxin toxicity), but not a control immunotoxin (IT), reduced CTL activity by greater than 2 logs, significantly reduced NK cell activity, and prevented B10.BR mice from developing GVHD.	Ammonium Chloride	97-114	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	69-73
1682507-7	1991	The PrP-res truncation was inhibited in intact cells by leupeptin and NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	70-75	prion protein	Mus musculus	4-7
1812392-3	1991	With regard to the shuttle enzymes the response to ammonium ions in vitro (3mM NH4Cl) was observed in nonsynaptic mitochondria only, and was manifested by a 27% decrease of AAT activity and a 16% decrease in MDH activity.	Ammonium Chloride	79-84	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
1958695-6	1991	The lysosomotrophic agents (chloroquine, NH4Cl) greatly decreased the extent of CRP degradation without altering binding or internalization.	Ammonium Chloride	41-46	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
1939162-6	1991	Compounds that interfere with transferrin receptor cycling and compartmentalization such as ammonium chloride decreased the cytotoxicity of transferrin-RNase.	Ammonium Chloride	92-109	transferrin	Homo sapiens	30-41
1939162-6	1991	Compounds that interfere with transferrin receptor cycling and compartmentalization such as ammonium chloride decreased the cytotoxicity of transferrin-RNase.	Ammonium Chloride	92-109	transferrin	Homo sapiens	140-151
1659205-5	1991	In both the absence and presence of ouabain, pHi fell transiently and then recovered after removal of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	45-48
1951769-11	1991	Chronic NH4Cl loading in adult animals induced an almost 60% increase in hepatic acetazolamide-sensitive CA activity (mostly CA II).	Ammonium Chloride	8-13	carbonic anhydrase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	125-130
1951769-15	1991	Finally, CA II activity in kidney cortex and liver appeared to be regulated in response to some conditions of NH4Cl loading.	Ammonium Chloride	110-115	carbonic anhydrase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	9-14
1309326-7	1992	Also, after the Na(+)-depleted cells were incubated in 20 mM NH4Cl, which promptly normalized pHi despite the decreased [Na+]i, the response of cAMP production to AVP was restored.	Ammonium Chloride	61-66	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
24186535-10	1991	The doubling of the rate of glycolysis after adding glutamine or NH4Cl in intact seedlings or excised cotyledons is ascribed to activation of the terminal enzymes in glycolysis, pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.	Ammonium Chloride	65-70	LOC8259391	Ricinus communis	198-229
1656768-2	1991	In this study, the role of pHi on adrenergic regulation of cyclic nucleotide accumulation was investigated using ammonium chloride, which increased pHi, and sodium propionate, which reduced pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	113-130	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
1656768-2	1991	In this study, the role of pHi on adrenergic regulation of cyclic nucleotide accumulation was investigated using ammonium chloride, which increased pHi, and sodium propionate, which reduced pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	113-130	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
1656768-2	1991	In this study, the role of pHi on adrenergic regulation of cyclic nucleotide accumulation was investigated using ammonium chloride, which increased pHi, and sodium propionate, which reduced pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	113-130	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
1887901-5	1991	A pulse of 20 mM NH4Cl in Krebs solution rapidly alkalinized the cells to pH 7.7, followed by a slow return of pHi to baseline pH 7.2.	Ammonium Chloride	17-22	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
1748404-2	1991	At the presence of 20 mmol/L NH4Cl, the SOKT1-RTA conjugate killed 82% of the human peripheral blood T cells (PBT), and decreased their 3H-Leu incorporation to 6.2% of the untreated controls.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	46-49
1909500-7	1991	However, increasing pHi by the external application of NH4Cl at physiological pHo caused a rapid decline and not an increase in the K(Ca2+) channel activity triggered by BK.	Ammonium Chloride	55-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	20-23
1887901-6	1991	After withdrawal of NH4Cl, pHi dropped to 6.7 with gradual recovery to baseline.	Ammonium Chloride	20-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
1914146-2	1991	The pHi of astrocytes exposed to 15 mM NH4Cl decreased abruptly and began to recover slowly after 5 min.	Ammonium Chloride	39-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	4-7
1961691-5	1991	This method was used to monitor transient changes in intracellular pH caused either by addition and removal of NH4Cl or by changing perfusate CO2 and HCO3- concentrations while keeping their ratio constant.	Ammonium Chloride	111-116	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	67-69
1651328-5	1991	Furthermore, although no specific protease inhibitor assayed could affect this processing, NGFR degradation and truncation were retarded by treatment with: 1) the weak base amines, ammonium chloride or methylamine; 2) the carboxylic ionophore, monensin; or 3) the vacuolar ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, all agents that dissipate endosomal/lysosomal proton gradients via alternate mechanisms.	Ammonium Chloride	181-198	nerve growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	91-95
1945761-8	1991	Qualitatively similar changes in contractility were observed in response to changes in pHi induced by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	102-107	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
1649184-5	1991	NH4Cl, which can generally increase pHi, also increased [Ca2+]i of amnion cells.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	36-39
1649184-6	1991	But the increase of [Ca2+]i induced by the NH4Cl was significantly less than that induced by the amount of superoxide anion causing a similar increase in pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	43-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	154-157
1914146-3	1991	Exposure of the cells to NH4Cl for 2 min and reincubation in HEPES HBSS decreased pHi further within 1-2 min after removal of NH4Cl; pHi then recovered toward the control value.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	82-85
1914146-3	1991	Exposure of the cells to NH4Cl for 2 min and reincubation in HEPES HBSS decreased pHi further within 1-2 min after removal of NH4Cl; pHi then recovered toward the control value.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	133-136
1914146-6	1991	Recovery of pHi after NH4Cl prepulse was markedly inhibited in low-Na+ and in amiloride-containing HEPES HBSS.	Ammonium Chloride	22-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	12-15
1906784-1	1991	The effects of NH4Cl on cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and pH (pHi) in single bovine anterior pituitary cells were determined using fluorescence imaging microscopy.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	81-84
1707761-6	1991	Similarly, 1 mM of ammonium chloride or 1 mM of Leu-O-Me added to rIL-2 supplemented cultures for 3 days showed an association between inhibition of IFN-tau generation and increased activation of cytotoxic activity.	Ammonium Chloride	19-36	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
1707761-6	1991	Similarly, 1 mM of ammonium chloride or 1 mM of Leu-O-Me added to rIL-2 supplemented cultures for 3 days showed an association between inhibition of IFN-tau generation and increased activation of cytotoxic activity.	Ammonium Chloride	19-36	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	149-152
1906784-4	1991	NH4Cl also increased pHi and this, like the [Ca2+]i plateau, remained elevated during the continued presence of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	21-24
1906784-9	1991	We conclude that in bovine anterior pituitary cells NH4Cl raises [Ca2+]i by two independent pathways, increasing net calcium entry and mobilizing Ca2+ from a TRH-insensitive calcium store.	Ammonium Chloride	52-57	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Bos taurus	158-161
1834854-6	1991	In NH4Cl-loaded hearts removal of NH4Cl resulted in a fall of the pHi followed by a rapid recovery to the normal pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
2004808-4	1991	The NRU of HeLa cells incubated in medium containing ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate was significantly greater than that of cells incubated in medium alone.	Ammonium Chloride	53-70	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4	Homo sapiens	4-7
1998959-17	1991	Ammonium chloride alters toxin cytotoxicity only when RTA is linked to TF, suggesting that only TF trafficks RTA through an acid-sensitive compartment prior to cytoplasmic translocation.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	54-57
1998959-17	1991	Ammonium chloride alters toxin cytotoxicity only when RTA is linked to TF, suggesting that only TF trafficks RTA through an acid-sensitive compartment prior to cytoplasmic translocation.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	transferrin	Homo sapiens	71-73
1998959-17	1991	Ammonium chloride alters toxin cytotoxicity only when RTA is linked to TF, suggesting that only TF trafficks RTA through an acid-sensitive compartment prior to cytoplasmic translocation.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	109-112
1996637-6	1991	Ammonium chloride, similar to amines, both reversed acridine orange fluorescence and induced release of gastrin.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	104-111
1834854-6	1991	In NH4Cl-loaded hearts removal of NH4Cl resulted in a fall of the pHi followed by a rapid recovery to the normal pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
1834854-6	1991	In NH4Cl-loaded hearts removal of NH4Cl resulted in a fall of the pHi followed by a rapid recovery to the normal pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	34-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
1834854-6	1991	In NH4Cl-loaded hearts removal of NH4Cl resulted in a fall of the pHi followed by a rapid recovery to the normal pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	34-39	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
1991036-8	1991	In the presence of 10 mM-NH4Cl the intracellular segregation of hamster cathepsin D was strongly inhibited, while the segregation of human cathepsin D was only slightly diminished.	Ammonium Chloride	24-30	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	72-83
1991036-8	1991	In the presence of 10 mM-NH4Cl the intracellular segregation of hamster cathepsin D was strongly inhibited, while the segregation of human cathepsin D was only slightly diminished.	Ammonium Chloride	24-30	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	139-150
1987272-8	1991	After the proteolytic removal of H-2Kb from the surface of APC, NH4Cl and CH3NH2-treated and control APC regenerated identical amounts of surface H-2Kb and this regeneration required de novo protein synthesis.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	33-38
1987272-8	1991	After the proteolytic removal of H-2Kb from the surface of APC, NH4Cl and CH3NH2-treated and control APC regenerated identical amounts of surface H-2Kb and this regeneration required de novo protein synthesis.	Ammonium Chloride	64-69	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	146-151
1725340-0	1991	Polarized secretion of endothelin-1 and big ET-1 in MDCK cells is inhibited by cell Na+ flux and disrupted by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	110-115	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	23-35
1725340-0	1991	Polarized secretion of endothelin-1 and big ET-1 in MDCK cells is inhibited by cell Na+ flux and disrupted by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	110-115	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	44-48
1725340-7	1991	In contrast, 10 mM NH4Cl or 0.2 mM chloroquine (both lysosomal function inhibitors) reduced TGF-beta-stimulated ET-1 secretion in the basolateral bath whereas big ET-1 secretion in the apical bath increased two times.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	112-116
1725340-7	1991	In contrast, 10 mM NH4Cl or 0.2 mM chloroquine (both lysosomal function inhibitors) reduced TGF-beta-stimulated ET-1 secretion in the basolateral bath whereas big ET-1 secretion in the apical bath increased two times.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	163-167
1943441-7	1991	NH4Cl augmented the effects of IL-1 and IL-6.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	31-35
1943441-7	1991	NH4Cl augmented the effects of IL-1 and IL-6.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
2126845-3	1990	Upon exposure to NH4Cl, which rapidly alkalinized cells, a transient increase of Cai to 394 +/- 55 nM (n = 29) was observed.	Ammonium Chloride	17-22	protein disulfide isomerase associated 4	Mus musculus	81-84
2126845-6	1990	The NH4Cl-induced Cai transient was eliminated by exposure to 0.2 mM TMB8 and to Ca-free solutions, but not by exposure to 0.5 mM LaCl3.	Ammonium Chloride	4-9	protein disulfide isomerase associated 4	Mus musculus	18-21
2174430-3	1990	125I-ANF1-28 specifically bound to C-ANF receptors in cultured bovine vascular smooth muscle cells is internalized by a temperature-dependent process at a rate of 5% occupied receptors/min at 37 degrees C. Internalized 125I-ANF1-28 is rapidly metabolized and released to the medium as [125I]monoiodotyrosine, a process that is reversibly inhibited by NH4Cl (10 mM).	Ammonium Chloride	351-356	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	5-8
2260683-2	1990	Initial pHi recovery rates (dpHi/dt, pH unit/s x 10(3)) after intracellular acid load made by NH4Cl prepulse were determined.	Ammonium Chloride	94-99	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	8-11
2175547-5	1990	When normoxic hearts were acidified using a 20 mM NH4Cl prepulse technique, pHi rapidly fell from 7.27 +/- 0.24 to 6.63 +/- 0.12 but returned to 7.07 +/- 0.10 within 20 min, while Na uptake was similar in rate and magnitude to that observed during hypoxia (24.5 +/- 13.4 to 132.1 +/- 17.7 meq/kg dry wt).	Ammonium Chloride	50-55	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	76-79
2172243-4	1990	NH4Cl-induced, dose-dependent (5-20 mM) increases in [Ca2+]i (maximum change = 195 +/- 26 nM) which were temporally similar to the NH4Cl-induced pHi increases.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	145-148
2172243-4	1990	NH4Cl-induced, dose-dependent (5-20 mM) increases in [Ca2+]i (maximum change = 195 +/- 26 nM) which were temporally similar to the NH4Cl-induced pHi increases.	Ammonium Chloride	131-136	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	145-148
33771228-8	2021	Blocking autophagy through 3-methyladenine and ammonium chloride treatment restored IKKbeta and IKKgamma protein levels and increased nitric oxide synthase production in LPS-stimulated AR-deficient macrophages.	Ammonium Chloride	47-64	component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex	Homo sapiens	84-91
2231423-9	1990	pHi was altered using either NH4Cl pulses resulting in small changes in Cai2+ or using a weak acid and base (propionate and trimethylamine), which produced a fall and a rise in Cai2+ respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	29-34	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
2370113-5	1990	When NH4Cl-treated cells were exposed to TNF at low pH, the level of killing increased two- to threefold over that attained with cells maintained at neutral pH (either with or without NH4Cl).	Ammonium Chloride	5-10	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
2370113-5	1990	When NH4Cl-treated cells were exposed to TNF at low pH, the level of killing increased two- to threefold over that attained with cells maintained at neutral pH (either with or without NH4Cl).	Ammonium Chloride	184-189	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
2163622-9	1990	The rapidity of the receptor-mediated process and its sensitivity to NH4Cl and chloroquine suggest that the 125I-hANF is proteolytically processed in the endosomes of BAECs and that its receptors cycle between the cell surface and intracellular stores.	Ammonium Chloride	69-74	HESX homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
18592594-1	1990	A mathematical model for the effects of NH(4)Cl addition to the growth medium on hybridoma cell intracellular pH (pH(i)) is presented which includes a detailed description of the properties of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger.	Ammonium Chloride	40-47	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	114-119
18592594-2	1990	The model is used to calculate the steady-state value of pH(i) as a function of the extracellular NH(4)Cl concentration, employing parameter values taken from the literature except for the cell permeability to NH(4) (+) This parameter value, estimated to be 3.5 x 10(-7) cm/s, is obtained by fitting simulation results to experimental data obtained previously for the steady-state value of pH(i) in the presence of 10mM NH(4)Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	98-105	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	57-62
2347119-4	1990	The recovery of pHi following an NH4Cl-induced acidosis was Na(+)-dependent and could be inhibited by ethylisopropylamiloride (200 mumols/L).	Ammonium Chloride	33-38	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	16-19
2384978-8	1990	Ammonium chloride and monensin, inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes, enhanced the cytotoxicity of T-2-mAb.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	brachyury 2	Mus musculus	94-97
2303493-0	1990	Ammonium chloride causes reversible inhibition of low density lipoprotein receptor recycling and accelerates receptor degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	50-82
2303493-2	1990	NH4Cl did not prevent receptor internalization but caused a marked redistribution of LDL receptors to intracellular sites (endosomes) that was completely dependent on the presence of apolipoprotein-B- or -E-containing ligands.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	183-199
2316714-3	1990	We found that EPO formation in mice exposed to normobaric hypoxia (8% O2) or to carbon monoxide (0.1%) was reduced by 30 and 42% when animals were simultaneously exposed to hypercapnia (7% CO2), by 35 and 38% when subjected to metabolic acidosis (NH4Cl), and unchanged when subjected to metabolic alkalosis (NaHCO3).	Ammonium Chloride	247-252	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	14-17
2352189-3	1990	pHi changes induced by 20 mM-NH4Cl were recorded with H(+)-sensitive microelectrodes.	Ammonium Chloride	28-34	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2352189-5	1990	An increase in pHi of approximately 0.20 pH units on exposure to NH4Cl led to an increase of the maximum developed tension, which was 707.8 +/- 57.5% (mean +/- S.E.	Ammonium Chloride	65-70	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
1689262-3	1990	Furthermore, since explanted animal pole cells can be induced to differentiate into cement gland cells in vitro by incubation in NH4Cl, we have demonstrated the in vitro induction of XK endo B, maintenance of XK70, and repression of another embryonic epidermal keratin, XK81.	Ammonium Chloride	129-134	keratin 18, type I, gene 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	183-192
1689262-3	1990	Furthermore, since explanted animal pole cells can be induced to differentiate into cement gland cells in vitro by incubation in NH4Cl, we have demonstrated the in vitro induction of XK endo B, maintenance of XK70, and repression of another embryonic epidermal keratin, XK81.	Ammonium Chloride	129-134	70a	Xenopus laevis	261-268
1689262-3	1990	Furthermore, since explanted animal pole cells can be induced to differentiate into cement gland cells in vitro by incubation in NH4Cl, we have demonstrated the in vitro induction of XK endo B, maintenance of XK70, and repression of another embryonic epidermal keratin, XK81.	Ammonium Chloride	129-134	Keratin 12, gene 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	270-274
2153112-8	1990	This inhibition could be completely overcome by artificially raising pHi using either NH4Cl or the Na+/H+ ionophore monensin.	Ammonium Chloride	86-91	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	69-72
2403554-8	1990	Ammonium chloride reduced the MDNCF/IL 8-induced neutrophil chemotactic response in a dose-dependent fashion.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	30-35
2403554-8	1990	Ammonium chloride reduced the MDNCF/IL 8-induced neutrophil chemotactic response in a dose-dependent fashion.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	36-40
1966824-3	1990	In contrast, 5 mM NH4Cl decreased the smaller, field stimulation-induced release of glutamate observed in the presence of low concentrations of Ca2+ (0.1 mM), as well as the spontaneous release of glutamate both in normal and low Ca2+.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
1966824-3	1990	In contrast, 5 mM NH4Cl decreased the smaller, field stimulation-induced release of glutamate observed in the presence of low concentrations of Ca2+ (0.1 mM), as well as the spontaneous release of glutamate both in normal and low Ca2+.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	230-233
1966824-5	1990	Firing of CA1 pyramidal cells evoked by iontophoretically applied glutamate was significantly inhibited by 2 or 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	117-122	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
2267932-0	1990	Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in children with NH4Cl metabolic acidosis.	Ammonium Chloride	70-75	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	21-52
2280254-4	1990	An NH4Cl prepulse was used to lower pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	3-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	36-39
2171349-3	1990	In HEC that had been acid-loaded using nigericin or a NH4Cl prepulse, pHi recovery occurred via a Na(+)-dependent mechanism that was inhibited by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA).	Ammonium Chloride	54-59	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	70-73
1978671-4	1990	Chronic (NH4Cl-induced) or acute (HCl-induced) metabolic acidosis had no effects on enzyme activity, but there was a marked increase in the activity of glutamine synthetase in starved (30-40%), streptozotocin-diabetic (17%), dexamethasone-treated (18-22%), laparotomized (25-27%) and septic rats (24-45%).	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	152-172
2169515-9	1990	Ammonium chloride, however, strongly attenuated the serum deprivation response and the inhibitory effect of insulin.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
2167847-6	1990	In both cell types, incubation with 10 mM NH4Cl results in a decrease in the uncovering ratio of total cathepsin D.	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	103-114
2384096-3	1990	The half-life of the LDL receptor of J774 cells was about 2 h, that of L cells was about 11 h. The rapid degradation of LDL receptor was not significantly inhibited by the lysosomotropic agents, chloroquine and NH4Cl, nor by the thiol-protease inhibitors leupeptin and E-64.	Ammonium Chloride	211-216	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	120-132
2235293-9	1990	The pHi/[Ca2+]i and pHi/tension relationships were monotonic throughout the multiphasic pHi change caused by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	109-114	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	4-7
2235293-9	1990	The pHi/[Ca2+]i and pHi/tension relationships were monotonic throughout the multiphasic pHi change caused by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	109-114	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	20-23
2235293-9	1990	The pHi/[Ca2+]i and pHi/tension relationships were monotonic throughout the multiphasic pHi change caused by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	109-114	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	20-23
1694402-5	1990	When the concentration of the NH4Cl pulse was varied (0.5-25 mM), the rate of pHi recovery increased as pHi became acidic, reaching a maximum of 0.007 pH units/s at pHi of 6.4.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
1694402-5	1990	When the concentration of the NH4Cl pulse was varied (0.5-25 mM), the rate of pHi recovery increased as pHi became acidic, reaching a maximum of 0.007 pH units/s at pHi of 6.4.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
1694402-5	1990	When the concentration of the NH4Cl pulse was varied (0.5-25 mM), the rate of pHi recovery increased as pHi became acidic, reaching a maximum of 0.007 pH units/s at pHi of 6.4.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
33771228-8	2021	Blocking autophagy through 3-methyladenine and ammonium chloride treatment restored IKKbeta and IKKgamma protein levels and increased nitric oxide synthase production in LPS-stimulated AR-deficient macrophages.	Ammonium Chloride	47-64	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	96-104
33771228-8	2021	Blocking autophagy through 3-methyladenine and ammonium chloride treatment restored IKKbeta and IKKgamma protein levels and increased nitric oxide synthase production in LPS-stimulated AR-deficient macrophages.	Ammonium Chloride	47-64	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	185-187
33236955-3	2021	NH4Cl and bafilomycin A1, but not the proteasomal inhibitor MG132, prevented the FAC-mediated decrease in TfR1 protein levels, thus indicating lysosomal involvement.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	106-110
33765917-12	2021	The Cx43 expression was slightly increased in M30 co-cultures after 6 h incubation with 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	93-98	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
33765917-13	2021	Also, the AQP4 expression was slightly increased only in M5 co-cultures treated with 10 mM NH4Cl for 6 h. Under the other conditions, Cx43 and AQP4 expression was not affected by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	91-96	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
33765917-13	2021	Also, the AQP4 expression was slightly increased only in M5 co-cultures treated with 10 mM NH4Cl for 6 h. Under the other conditions, Cx43 and AQP4 expression was not affected by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	91-96	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
34681893-4	2021	Treatment of cultured cortical mouse astrocytes with ammonia (5 mM NH4Cl for 24 h) evoked Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased its activity in a p38 MAPK pathway-dependent manner, and enhanced Nrf2 binding to Slc38a3 promoter.	Ammonium Chloride	67-72	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	90-94
31366360-12	2019	The viability of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells was decreased by 14% by the addition of a slightly higher amount of ammonium chloride (90 muM).	Ammonium Chloride	114-131	latexin	Homo sapiens	136-139
8797088-6	1996	When the cytoplasmic pH was lowered by chasing cells that had been preincubated with 25 mM NH4Cl in an amiloride-containing Na(+)-free medium, more than 90% of internalization of Tfn in HT-1080 cells was inhibited, while that of HRP was reduced by only 35%.	Ammonium Chloride	91-96	transferrin	Homo sapiens	179-182
34273893-0	2021	The rapid SERS detection of succinylcholine chloride in human plasma is based on the high affinity between quaternary ammonium salt structures.	Ammonium Chloride	107-131	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	10-14
34273893-3	2021	In this work, the use of gold nanorods as an enhanced substrate based on the high affinity between the quaternary ammonium salt structure can achieve rapid SERS detection of SCC in plasma.	Ammonium Chloride	103-127	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	156-160
34273893-4	2021	The long alkane chain structure of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the quaternary ammonium salt structure of SCC have a high molecular affinity, so that the target molecule can show a strong and obvious characteristic signal of SERS.	Ammonium Chloride	81-105	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	238-242
34764827-3	2021	In the present work, the influence of the pH value and ionic strengths up to 3000 mM of four technically relevant salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate) on the lysozyme adsorption on the mixed-mode resin Toyopearl MX-Trp-650M was studied systematically at 25C.	Ammonium Chloride	154-171	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	202-210
34681893-4	2021	Treatment of cultured cortical mouse astrocytes with ammonia (5 mM NH4Cl for 24 h) evoked Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased its activity in a p38 MAPK pathway-dependent manner, and enhanced Nrf2 binding to Slc38a3 promoter.	Ammonium Chloride	67-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	146-154
34681893-4	2021	Treatment of cultured cortical mouse astrocytes with ammonia (5 mM NH4Cl for 24 h) evoked Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased its activity in a p38 MAPK pathway-dependent manner, and enhanced Nrf2 binding to Slc38a3 promoter.	Ammonium Chloride	67-72	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	194-198
34681893-4	2021	Treatment of cultured cortical mouse astrocytes with ammonia (5 mM NH4Cl for 24 h) evoked Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased its activity in a p38 MAPK pathway-dependent manner, and enhanced Nrf2 binding to Slc38a3 promoter.	Ammonium Chloride	67-72	solute carrier family 38, member 3	Mus musculus	210-217
34577533-4	2021	Herein, we developed tri-(tert-butanol)-methylammonium iodide (TBMA-I), a quaternary ammonium salt serving as the PTC for 18F-fluorination reactions.	Ammonium Chloride	74-98	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	26-30
34651032-12	2021	PKCepsilon decreased after treatment with NH4Cl alone and in combination with DHEA in both cerebellum and cortex (**** p < 0.0001).	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
34299093-5	2021	It was found that chloroquine, NH4Cl and 3MA markedly increased tau accumulation.	Ammonium Chloride	31-36	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	64-67
34402939-2	2021	In this study, a comparative metabolomics strategy revealed the metabolic regulatory mechanism of MYP overproduction, comparing ammonium chloride with peptone as nitrogen sources.	Ammonium Chloride	128-145	nucleolar protein 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
34400894-3	2021	CD44+ colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) were isolated from mouse colorectal carcinoma CT-26 cell cultures and induced to form defective ribosomal products-containing autophagosome-rich blebs (DRibbles) by treatment with rapamycin, bortezomib, and ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	245-262	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	0-4
34252168-5	2021	Endosomal acidification inhibitors like BafilomycinA1 and NH4Cl, which inhibit the CG pathway, reduce the uptake of RBD and impede Spike-pseudoviral infection in both AGS and AGS-ACE2 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	58-63	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	131-136
34252168-5	2021	Endosomal acidification inhibitors like BafilomycinA1 and NH4Cl, which inhibit the CG pathway, reduce the uptake of RBD and impede Spike-pseudoviral infection in both AGS and AGS-ACE2 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	58-63	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	179-183
34291044-13	2021	When cln5 - cells were developed in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor ammonium chloride, the formation of multicellular structures was impaired, and the size of cln5 - slugs was reduced relative to WT slugs.	Ammonium Chloride	76-93	CLN5 intracellular trafficking protein	Homo sapiens	5-9
34291044-13	2021	When cln5 - cells were developed in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor ammonium chloride, the formation of multicellular structures was impaired, and the size of cln5 - slugs was reduced relative to WT slugs.	Ammonium Chloride	76-93	CLN5 intracellular trafficking protein	Homo sapiens	167-171
34107482-4	2021	Incomplete dRTA (idRTA) is defined as impaired urinary acidification that does not lead to overt metabolic acidosis and therefore can be diagnosed if patients fail to adequately acidify urine after an ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) challenge or furosemide and fludrocortisone test.	Ammonium Chloride	201-218	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	11-15
34107482-4	2021	Incomplete dRTA (idRTA) is defined as impaired urinary acidification that does not lead to overt metabolic acidosis and therefore can be diagnosed if patients fail to adequately acidify urine after an ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) challenge or furosemide and fludrocortisone test.	Ammonium Chloride	220-225	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	11-15
35120923-6	2022	Furthermore, Cx50 levels as detected by immunoblotting were lower in Cx50S258F and Cx50S259Y mutants than in the wild type or the aspartate substitution mutants, and chloroquine or ammonium chloride treatment significantly increased Cx50S258F and Cx50S259Y protein levels, implying participation of the lysosome in their increased degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	181-198	gap junction protein alpha 8	Homo sapiens	13-17
35621563-3	2022	In high-temperature applications, NH4Cl has been selected as a retarder to extend the gelation time of a PAM/PEI gel system.	Ammonium Chloride	34-39	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	105-108
2546795-5	1989	Thus, (i) NH4Cl, which restored the increase in [pH]i in the absence of [Na+]e reduced the potentiated secretory response to thrombin, (ii) no increase in thrombin-induced secretion was observed when Na+ was replaced with Li+, which allowed a normal increase in [pH]i and (iii) ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA) abolished the [pH]i rise and potentiated thrombin-induced secretion.	Ammonium Chloride	10-15	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	125-133
2558886-4	1989	When Clone 9 cells were treated with NH4Cl to trap M6P-R in endosomes (Brown, W. J., J. Goodhouse, M. G. Farquhar: J.	Ammonium Chloride	37-42	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
2558886-11	1989	Tf-Au and M6P-R were also found in separate endosomes in cells treated with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	76-81	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	0-2
2558886-11	1989	Tf-Au and M6P-R were also found in separate endosomes in cells treated with NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	76-81	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
2594928-6	1989	An increase in pHi, on application of NH4Cl, resulted in a transient elevation of Ca12i+.	Ammonium Chloride	38-43	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	15-18
2548385-2	1989	Steady-state pHi in bicarbonate-free media [extracellular pH (pHo) = 7.4] was 7.16 +/- 0.11 at 37 degrees C. With the use of the ammonium chloride prepulse technique, pHi was acidified, and the rate of return to resting pHi was determined.	Ammonium Chloride	129-146	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
2548385-2	1989	Steady-state pHi in bicarbonate-free media [extracellular pH (pHo) = 7.4] was 7.16 +/- 0.11 at 37 degrees C. With the use of the ammonium chloride prepulse technique, pHi was acidified, and the rate of return to resting pHi was determined.	Ammonium Chloride	129-146	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	167-170
2548385-2	1989	Steady-state pHi in bicarbonate-free media [extracellular pH (pHo) = 7.4] was 7.16 +/- 0.11 at 37 degrees C. With the use of the ammonium chloride prepulse technique, pHi was acidified, and the rate of return to resting pHi was determined.	Ammonium Chloride	129-146	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	167-170
2583113-8	1989	Exposing cells to reduced temperature or weak bases such as NH4Cl, chloroquine and primaquine decreases the steady-state concentration of LAP at the cell surface.	Ammonium Chloride	60-65	acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	138-141
2512912-7	1989	Whereas at the severer degrees of systemic acidosis marked falls in hepatic pHi were seen in the HCl- and NH4Cl-treated animals, little fall was seen in rats with DKA.	Ammonium Chloride	106-111	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2621616-11	1989	Removal of NH4Cl or addition of sodium acetate (pHo 7.4) reduced pHi but this gave either an increase of tension (papillary muscle) or an initial fall followed by a subsequent recovery of tension (Purkinje fibre).	Ammonium Chloride	11-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	65-68
2510347-8	1989	Degradation products of 125I-t-PA were found in the supernatant after a short lag phase and then increased linearly for at least 5 hours at 37 degrees C. Degradation could be inhibited by chloroquine, NH4Cl and NaN3.	Ammonium Chloride	201-206	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	29-33
2789084-3	1989	Donor bone marrow was treated ex vivo with T101 Fab fragment coupled to ricin A-chain (T101 Fab-RTA) at a concentration of 10(-8) M of A-chain in association with NH4Cl (2 x 10(-2) M) in pH adjusted (7.8) incubation medium.	Ammonium Chloride	163-168	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	48-51
2789084-11	1989	These findings demonstrate that treatment of donor marrow with T101 Fab-RTA in association with NH4Cl at critical pH value can achieve a high level of mature T cell depletion and greatly reduce the incidence of bone marrow rejection and relapse after T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	68-71
2547642-6	1989	Buffering capacity measured by NH4Cl treatment was 31 mM pH at pHi 7.34 and increased with decreasing pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	31-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	63-66
2547642-6	1989	Buffering capacity measured by NH4Cl treatment was 31 mM pH at pHi 7.34 and increased with decreasing pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	31-36	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	102-105
2548914-5	1989	After acute cytoplasmic acidification by exposure of cells to nigericin in choline+ buffer, or by the abrupt removal of ammonium chloride, complete recovery of pHi occurred in 4-5 min.	Ammonium Chloride	120-137	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	160-163
2526133-2	1989	We investigated the relationship between acidification and protein sorting in yeast by treating yeast cells with ammonium chloride and found that this lysosomotropic agent caused the mislocalization of a substantial fraction of the newly synthesized vacuolar (lysosomal) enzyme proteinase A (PrA) to the cell surface.	Ammonium Chloride	113-130	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	278-290
2526133-2	1989	We investigated the relationship between acidification and protein sorting in yeast by treating yeast cells with ammonium chloride and found that this lysosomotropic agent caused the mislocalization of a substantial fraction of the newly synthesized vacuolar (lysosomal) enzyme proteinase A (PrA) to the cell surface.	Ammonium Chloride	113-130	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	292-295
2677679-9	1989	Treatment of the transfected CHO cells with weak bases (NH4Cl and chloroquine), or a monovalent ionophore (monensin), prevented proteolytic processing of the TGF-beta 1 precursor indicating that cleavage occurs by proteases in an acidic cellular compartment.	Ammonium Chloride	56-61	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Cricetulus griseus	158-168
2526121-5	1989	Preincubation of the cells with ammonium chloride or chloroquine resulted in a significant increase in the intracellular accumulation of radiolabel, indicative of endocytosis and rapid delivery of 125I-hANF to an acidic intracellular compartment (endosome and/or lysosome).	Ammonium Chloride	32-49	HESX homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	202-206
2656861-9	1989	The processing of HI both at the plasma membrane and intracellularly was inhibited by chloroquine, monensin, and NH4Cl, suggesting that both intracellular pH changes and endocytic and exocytic events may be required for these compartments to process insulin.	Ammonium Chloride	113-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	250-257
2545050-6	1989	The ammonium prepulse technique (25 mM NH4Cl) dropped the pHi to pH 6.80.	Ammonium Chloride	39-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	58-61
2713856-8	1989	In contrast, various nonspecific lysosomotropic agents such as ammonium chloride and D-saccharic acid lactone led to a marked inhibition of the cytotoxic action of TNF in vitro.	Ammonium Chloride	63-80	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	164-167
2653825-5	1989	Methylamine, ammonium chloride and dansyl cadaverine but not chloroquine reduce the total amount of insulin endocytosed.	Ammonium Chloride	13-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
2522833-10	1989	Preincubation of the cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose to deplete cellular ATP levels reduced pHi by approximately 0.2 pH units and greatly impaired the cells" ability to recover from 15-mM ammonium chloride-induced acid load.	Ammonium Chloride	185-202	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
2744008-1	1989	The effect of pH on the secretion of the gp 80 glycoprotein complex and lysozyme from MDCK cells was examined by treatment of the cells with either NH4Cl, chloroquine or monensin.	Ammonium Chloride	148-153	clusterin	Canis lupus familiaris	41-46
2496133-6	1989	Ammonium chloride cotreatment substantially reduces the resistance of H2Oe12 cells to EGF-RTA but has little or no effect on the resistance of ET-28 cells to either EGF-RTA or EGF-PE.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	86-89
2703758-5	1989	The first peak of ODC activity (initiation of cell growth) at 45 hours was depressed about 60% by six subcoma doses of NH4Cl or DMDS injected between 27 hours and 42 hours.	Ammonium Chloride	119-124	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
2493748-3	1989	Although the contractile response to 20 mM NH4Cl was associated with a latent period (LP) of 23.4 +/- 2.8 min, intracellular pH (pHi) measurements in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells showed that NH4Cl-induced intracellular alkalinization was immediate and transient, returning to basal pHi levels in about 30-35 min.	Ammonium Chloride	43-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	293-296
2493748-7	1989	NH4Cl pretreatment caused time-dependent alterations in both the rapid and slow phases of phenylephrine and angiotensin II contractions.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	108-122
2919655-6	1989	Alkalinization of the VSMC by exposure to 20 mM NH4Cl (delta pHi 0.41 +/- 0.07) resulted in a rise in Cai2+ from 99 +/- 8 to 146 +/- 13 nM (n = 5) in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ (Cao2+).	Ammonium Chloride	48-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
2555474-9	1989	When added to the superfusate, procaine, 4-aminopyridine, trimethylamine and NH4Cl (1-10 mM) all increased steady-state pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	77-82	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	120-123
2910860-9	1989	Measurement of cytosolic pH (pHi) with the fluorescent probe 2",7"-bis-carboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) revealed an alkalinization by NH4Cl (2.5-25 mM) of 0.1-0.23 pH units and acidification by sodium propionate (10-20 mM) of 0.2-0.25 pH units, with intermediate combined effects.	Ammonium Chloride	146-151	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	29-32
3068222-2	1988	Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was infused via a right jugular vein catheter at a rate of 12 mumol NH4Cl.kg BW-1.min-1 for 240 min.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	BW1	Homo sapiens	103-107
3068222-11	1988	Plasma insulin concentration decreased (P less than .05) 26 to 46% during NH4Cl infusion and increased (P less than .05) 89 to 122% during POST.	Ammonium Chloride	74-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
2854165-10	1988	When pHi was acutely decreased to 5.87 +/- 0.02 following NH4Cl removal (lumen, bath), pHi failed to recover in the absence of Na+ (lumen, bath).	Ammonium Chloride	58-63	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	5-8
16666423-7	1988	The NR antibody cross-reacting protein was also seen in hydroponically grown plants when NH(4)Cl(-) was the only added form of nitrogen.	Ammonium Chloride	89-99	nitrate reductase [NADH] 1	Zea mays	4-6
3264161-8	1988	MPP+ is the first quaternary ammonium salt shown to be a substrate of the monoamine transporter and it has the same pH-dependency as monoamines.	Ammonium Chloride	18-42	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	74-95
2745426-9	1989	In vivo, ammonium chloride, which is known to neutralize the pH of acidic intracellular compartments, inhibited the packaging of newly synthesized secretogranin II into secretory granules.	Ammonium Chloride	9-26	secretogranin II	Homo sapiens	147-163
2585301-13	1989	Removing the influence of pHi regulation on the undershoots after NH4Cl removal was found to decrease the apparent measured values of beta i by 10%.	Ammonium Chloride	66-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	26-29
2536240-8	1989	Recovery of pHi after an NH4Cl pulse was reversibly blocked by exposure to amiloride or removal of Na+.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
2552203-4	1989	When PCD cells had been acidified by pretreatment with NH4Cl, pHi immediately recovered toward the resting value.	Ammonium Chloride	55-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2552203-8	1989	Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), an inhibitor of a plasma membrane proton ATPase, and the depletion of cellular ATP induced by 2 mM potassium cyanide (KCN) also partially inhibited the rate of pHi recovery after cell acidification with a NH4Cl load.	Ammonium Chloride	238-243	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
2615463-3	1989	Toxicity of 2G5-RTA on normal hematopoietic cells (HPC) was found to be dose-dependent, and to increase significantly with the addition of NH4Cl, used as an activating agent.	Ammonium Chloride	139-144	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	16-19
3060124-4	1988	NH4Cl produced a rise in pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
3265144-6	1988	The addition of 15 mmol/liter NH4Cl to control Ringer on the apical side caused an immediate intracellular alkalinization that lasted up to 30 min; subsequent removal of NH4Cl resulted in a reversible fall in pHi, whereas basolateral addition of NH4Cl produced a prolonged intracellular acidosis.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	209-212
3265144-6	1988	The addition of 15 mmol/liter NH4Cl to control Ringer on the apical side caused an immediate intracellular alkalinization that lasted up to 30 min; subsequent removal of NH4Cl resulted in a reversible fall in pHi, whereas basolateral addition of NH4Cl produced a prolonged intracellular acidosis.	Ammonium Chloride	170-175	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	209-212
3265144-6	1988	The addition of 15 mmol/liter NH4Cl to control Ringer on the apical side caused an immediate intracellular alkalinization that lasted up to 30 min; subsequent removal of NH4Cl resulted in a reversible fall in pHi, whereas basolateral addition of NH4Cl produced a prolonged intracellular acidosis.	Ammonium Chloride	170-175	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	209-212
2849111-4	1988	Cleavage of gp160 to generate gp120 occurs intracellularly and can be inhibited by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	83-88	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	12-17
2849111-4	1988	Cleavage of gp160 to generate gp120 occurs intracellularly and can be inhibited by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	83-88	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
3237989-5	1988	Cultured fibres regulated pHi in response to acid loading with an NH4Cl pulse with recovery rate constants of up to 0.8 pH units/min.	Ammonium Chloride	66-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	26-29
3237989-5	1988	Cultured fibres regulated pHi in response to acid loading with an NH4Cl pulse with recovery rate constants of up to 0.8 pH units/min.	Ammonium Chloride	66-71	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	26-28
2703758-11	1989	The depressive effect of NH4Cl and OA on TK and ODC activities during regeneration after massive centrolobular injury with acetaminophen was more consistently present and more extensive than that seen after injury with galactosamine.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
3262384-6	1988	From these data, we defined a procedure for an optimal and specific elimination of T lymphocytes in vitro by treating them with (Fab)T101-RTA at 10(-8) mol/L at pH 7.8 in the presence of NH4Cl for two hours.	Ammonium Chloride	187-192	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	129-132
3179283-2	1988	Intracellular pHi was manipulated using the "NH4+-pulse" method: inducing intracellular alkalinization with NH4Cl (10 mM), and producing acidification by diluting the NH4+-loaded cells with ammonium ion-free buffer or by adding sodium proprionate.	Ammonium Chloride	108-113	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
2843231-3	1988	After intracellular acidification induced by the NH4Cl-prepulse technique, there was a sodium-dependent pHi recovery towards the normal steady-state pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	49-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	104-107
2843231-3	1988	After intracellular acidification induced by the NH4Cl-prepulse technique, there was a sodium-dependent pHi recovery towards the normal steady-state pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	49-54	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	149-152
2843231-7	1988	There was a dose-dependent inhibition of pHi recovery after NH4Cl prepulse by amiloride with an IC50 of about 15 microM.	Ammonium Chloride	60-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	41-44
2973657-3	1988	The expression of CR1 and CR3 was studied after haemolysis in NH4Cl at different temperatures and incubation intervals.	Ammonium Chloride	62-67	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	26-29
2973657-3	1988	The expression of CR1 and CR3 was studied after haemolysis in NH4Cl at different temperatures and incubation intervals.	Ammonium Chloride	62-67	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	18-21
3261884-6	1988	However, in the presence of 20 mM ammonium chloride, IT directed against CD3, CD5, and CD7 were highly cytotoxic.	Ammonium Chloride	34-51	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	78-81
3056714-7	1988	The mechanism that converts CT29-LAP into a soluble form was sensitive to NH4Cl, and reduced the size of the polypeptide by 7 kd.	Ammonium Chloride	74-79	kinetochore scaffold 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
3056714-7	1988	The mechanism that converts CT29-LAP into a soluble form was sensitive to NH4Cl, and reduced the size of the polypeptide by 7 kd.	Ammonium Chloride	74-79	acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	33-36
3261884-6	1988	However, in the presence of 20 mM ammonium chloride, IT directed against CD3, CD5, and CD7 were highly cytotoxic.	Ammonium Chloride	34-51	CD7 molecule	Homo sapiens	87-90
3184169-3	1988	Following an acid load imposed by a NH4Cl prepulse, pHi was regulated in the absence of HCO3- by a Na+-dependent process inhibitable to a large extent by 1 mM amiloride and 0.1 mM dimethylamiloride.	Ammonium Chloride	36-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	52-55
3076778-4	1988	Addition of NH4Cl induced a rise in pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	12-17	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
3355862-5	1988	Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) increases intracellular pH and blocks the release or utilization of iron from the internalized transferrin.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	serotransferrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	121-132
3174385-3	1988	(3) pHi-Recovery after an acute intracellular acid load (by means of NH4Cl-prepulse) was reversibly blocked by 1 mM amiloride and was dependent on the presence of sodium.	Ammonium Chloride	69-74	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	4-7
2841075-8	1988	After intracellular acidification, induced by NH4Cl-prepulse technique, pHi was regulated back towards normal steady state pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	46-51	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	72-75
2841075-8	1988	After intracellular acidification, induced by NH4Cl-prepulse technique, pHi was regulated back towards normal steady state pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	46-51	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	123-126
3260904-6	1988	EGF degradation was partially leupeptin-sensitive and markedly NH4Cl-sensitive, indicating lysosomal degradation.	Ammonium Chloride	63-68	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
3370221-5	1988	Elevating pHi with NH4Cl was shown to inhibit secretion from chromaffin cells.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	10-13
3355862-5	1988	Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) increases intracellular pH and blocks the release or utilization of iron from the internalized transferrin.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	serotransferrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	121-132
3355862-6	1988	NH4Cl only slightly affected iron incorporation and heme synthesis from non-transferrin donors of iron.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	serotransferrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	76-87
3392681-15	1988	The intracellular pH was increased by perifusing with trimethylamine or NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	72-77	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	18-20
2965151-5	1988	Total cellular CR1 decreased by as much as 45% within 15 min, with loss continuing for up to 1 h. Inclusion of NH4Cl during PMN stimulation inhibited the loss of total CR1 without affecting surface CR1 expression.	Ammonium Chloride	111-116	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	168-171
2965151-5	1988	Total cellular CR1 decreased by as much as 45% within 15 min, with loss continuing for up to 1 h. Inclusion of NH4Cl during PMN stimulation inhibited the loss of total CR1 without affecting surface CR1 expression.	Ammonium Chloride	111-116	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	168-171
3392681-17	1988	Subsequent removal of NH4Cl led to a sustained decrease in pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	22-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
2831223-3	1988	Several observations indicate that the exchanger is regulated by protein kinase C. (i) Inhibitors of protein kinase C (trifluoperazine, sphingosine) inhibit the increase in pHi seen during thrombin stimulation as well as Ca2+ mobilization; artificially increasing pHi by monensin or NH4Cl then restores Ca2+ mobilization.	Ammonium Chloride	283-288	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	173-176
2831223-3	1988	Several observations indicate that the exchanger is regulated by protein kinase C. (i) Inhibitors of protein kinase C (trifluoperazine, sphingosine) inhibit the increase in pHi seen during thrombin stimulation as well as Ca2+ mobilization; artificially increasing pHi by monensin or NH4Cl then restores Ca2+ mobilization.	Ammonium Chloride	283-288	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	189-197
3367375-4	1988	After myocytes were acid-loaded with NH4Cl, the pHi recovered from acidosis to the resting level within a few minutes via amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange.	Ammonium Chloride	37-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	48-51
2964446-5	1988	The same amino terminus was found in precursor alpha-chain synthesized by normal human fibroblasts (IMR90) in a 1- or 3-h pulse or secreted by these cells in the presence of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	174-179	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	47-58
2835049-3	1988	NH4Cl and NH4OH which caused intracellular alkalinization also caused ornithine decarboxylase activity to increase.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	70-93
3259178-1	1988	The effect of weak bases (NH4Cl and amantadine) and carboxylic ionophores (monensin) on the infection of CD4 (T4) positive human cell lines by HIV-1 is examined.	Ammonium Chloride	26-31	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	105-108
3373180-8	1988	When synaptosomes were incubated in medium containing 20 mM NH4Cl and then diluted into NH4Cl-free medium, pHi immediately acidified to a level of approximately 6.6.	Ammonium Chloride	60-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
3373180-8	1988	When synaptosomes were incubated in medium containing 20 mM NH4Cl and then diluted into NH4Cl-free medium, pHi immediately acidified to a level of approximately 6.6.	Ammonium Chloride	88-93	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
2969076-5	1988	The significant difference between hypotonic shock-T cells and ammonium chloride-T cells in the phenotypic changes of T cell subsets after long-term culture in an interleukin-2 medium may suggest a regulatory role of the ammonium chloride-sensitive T cells in the AMLR.	Ammonium Chloride	63-80	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	163-176
2969076-5	1988	The significant difference between hypotonic shock-T cells and ammonium chloride-T cells in the phenotypic changes of T cell subsets after long-term culture in an interleukin-2 medium may suggest a regulatory role of the ammonium chloride-sensitive T cells in the AMLR.	Ammonium Chloride	221-238	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	163-176
2832823-3	1988	(1) Regulation of pHi after induction of an acid load by removal of NH4Cl could be blocked either totally by removal of extracellular sodium, or subtotally (about 90%) by application of amiloride (1 mmol/l).	Ammonium Chloride	68-73	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	18-21
2961736-6	1987	Furthermore, NH4Cl was also observed to inhibit insulin-stimulated increase in IGF-II binding.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
3443107-6	1987	This process was inhibited by NH4Cl but not by cycloheximide, suggesting internalization of H-2K molecules into acidic intracellular compartments.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	92-96
3436883-7	1987	Because PMA, NH4Cl, methylamine, imidazole, HEPES-buffered solutions, and low-Cl- solutions can cause increases in pHi and amiloride and acetate can cause decreases in pHi, these results suggest that intracellular alkalosis and acidosis, respectively, potentiate and blunt vasoconstrictor responses to hypoxia and other stimuli in isolated rat lungs.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
2820530-9	1987	Intracellular transport and proteolytic maturation of MPO was retarded by weak bases (NH4Cl, chloroquine) or monensin at concentrations shown to raise intralysosomal pH.	Ammonium Chloride	86-91	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	54-57
2888787-6	1987	After a brief exposure to 20 mM NH4Cl, pHi fell by approximately 0.7 and recovered at a rate of 0.89 +/- 0.15 pH/min in the nominal absence of Na+, HCO3-, organic anions, and SO4(2-) (lumen, bath).	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	39-42
3653394-3	1987	Changes of pHi up to +/- 0.35 units, imposed by additions of NH4Cl, CO2 or nigericin, produced no shape change or aggregation and only insignificant changes in [Ca2+]i.	Ammonium Chloride	61-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	11-14
3624262-10	1987	Evidence of a mannose 6-phosphate-dependent transport of cathepsin B in fibroblasts was obtained on the basis of the following results: (i) cathepsin B precursor from NH4Cl-stimulated secretions was internalized in a mannose 6-phosphate inhibitable manner, and (ii) I-cell fibroblasts secreted more than 95% of newly synthesized cathepsin B precursor.	Ammonium Chloride	167-172	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	57-68
3446806-19	1987	During 10 min applications of 30 mM-NH4Cl (isosmotically substituted for NaCl) the pHi rose; during subsequent NH4Cl removal it fell below control values.	Ammonium Chloride	35-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	83-86
3446806-19	1987	During 10 min applications of 30 mM-NH4Cl (isosmotically substituted for NaCl) the pHi rose; during subsequent NH4Cl removal it fell below control values.	Ammonium Chloride	36-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	83-86
3446806-20	1987	In the least inhibited tissues the total pHi excursion between NH4Cl applications and removals was 0.5 unit.	Ammonium Chloride	63-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	41-44
3446806-23	1987	From the direct measurement of pHi reported in this study, it is concluded that the vascular tone changes brought about by NH4Cl application and withdrawal may be attributed to the alteration of pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	123-128	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	31-34
3446806-23	1987	From the direct measurement of pHi reported in this study, it is concluded that the vascular tone changes brought about by NH4Cl application and withdrawal may be attributed to the alteration of pHi.	Ammonium Chloride	123-128	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	195-198
3681350-2	1987	Treatment with ammonium chloride, a lysosomal inhibitor, delayed the appearance of the proliferative response to the myelin membranes by 12 h. Processing of myelin within the Schwann cells was followed by the appearance of immunocytochemically detectable myelin basic protein which was first visible at 4 h. Similar to the proliferative response, the appearance of immunoreactive material was delayed by the addition of ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	15-32	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	255-275
3624262-10	1987	Evidence of a mannose 6-phosphate-dependent transport of cathepsin B in fibroblasts was obtained on the basis of the following results: (i) cathepsin B precursor from NH4Cl-stimulated secretions was internalized in a mannose 6-phosphate inhibitable manner, and (ii) I-cell fibroblasts secreted more than 95% of newly synthesized cathepsin B precursor.	Ammonium Chloride	167-172	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	140-151
3624262-10	1987	Evidence of a mannose 6-phosphate-dependent transport of cathepsin B in fibroblasts was obtained on the basis of the following results: (i) cathepsin B precursor from NH4Cl-stimulated secretions was internalized in a mannose 6-phosphate inhibitable manner, and (ii) I-cell fibroblasts secreted more than 95% of newly synthesized cathepsin B precursor.	Ammonium Chloride	167-172	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	140-151
3496342-12	1987	However, ammonium chloride enhanced the toxicity of EGF-RTA but not mAb 225-RTA, suggesting that the two toxic chimeric toxins--like the unconjugated receptor-binding moieties--are processed differently by HeLa cells.	Ammonium Chloride	9-26	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	56-59
3036146-3	1987	On the other hand, the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or NH4Cl causes a pertussis toxin-insensitive increase in cytoskeletal actin.	Ammonium Chloride	70-75	actin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	138-143
3040410-1	1987	The weak bases chloroquine, primaquine, NH4Cl and the ionophore monensin exert similar but not identical effects on sorting, transport and processing of cathepsin D in several human cell lines (fibroblasts, HepG2 cells, U937, monocytes).	Ammonium Chloride	40-45	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	153-164
3606825-4	1987	In the presence of 10mM NH4Cl approximately half of the produced cathepsin D is secreted in both control and calcitriol-treated cells.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	65-76
3622525-7	1987	Inhibitors of endocytic vesicle acidification (ammonium chloride and 2,4-dinitrophenol) inhibited iron unloading from endocytosed diferric transferrin, while microtubular inhibitors (colchicine and vindesine) and a microfilament inhibitor (cytochalasin B) reduced diferric transferrin uptake but had little effect on the iron unloading pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	47-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	139-150
3622525-7	1987	Inhibitors of endocytic vesicle acidification (ammonium chloride and 2,4-dinitrophenol) inhibited iron unloading from endocytosed diferric transferrin, while microtubular inhibitors (colchicine and vindesine) and a microfilament inhibitor (cytochalasin B) reduced diferric transferrin uptake but had little effect on the iron unloading pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	47-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	273-284
3621057-4	1987	To investigate pHi regulation, the pHi was decreased by exposure to CO2 or by adding and then removing NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	103-108	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	35-38
3610218-4	1987	MTX enters by its own carrier mechanism, while MTX-MoAb conjugates enter by endocytosis with release of MTX at the lysosomal membrane, demonstrated by the ability of chloroquine and NH4Cl (which inhibit lysosomal function) to inhibit the action of MTX-MoAb but not MTX.	Ammonium Chloride	182-187	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
3610218-4	1987	MTX enters by its own carrier mechanism, while MTX-MoAb conjugates enter by endocytosis with release of MTX at the lysosomal membrane, demonstrated by the ability of chloroquine and NH4Cl (which inhibit lysosomal function) to inhibit the action of MTX-MoAb but not MTX.	Ammonium Chloride	182-187	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
3028491-2	1987	The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) was studied during intracellular acidification with 20% CO2 or intracellular alkalinization with 30 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	144-149	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	36-39
3028491-8	1987	Exposure to 30 mM NH4Cl caused a raise of pHi by 0.48 pH unit and an initial rate of re-acidification of 0.063 pH unit X min-1, after removal of NH4Cl the pHi fell by 0.58 pH unit below the steady-state pHi, followed by a subsequent re-alkalinization of 0.083 pH unit X min-1.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	42-45
3028491-8	1987	Exposure to 30 mM NH4Cl caused a raise of pHi by 0.48 pH unit and an initial rate of re-acidification of 0.063 pH unit X min-1, after removal of NH4Cl the pHi fell by 0.58 pH unit below the steady-state pHi, followed by a subsequent re-alkalinization of 0.083 pH unit X min-1.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	155-158
3610218-4	1987	MTX enters by its own carrier mechanism, while MTX-MoAb conjugates enter by endocytosis with release of MTX at the lysosomal membrane, demonstrated by the ability of chloroquine and NH4Cl (which inhibit lysosomal function) to inhibit the action of MTX-MoAb but not MTX.	Ammonium Chloride	182-187	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
3028491-8	1987	Exposure to 30 mM NH4Cl caused a raise of pHi by 0.48 pH unit and an initial rate of re-acidification of 0.063 pH unit X min-1, after removal of NH4Cl the pHi fell by 0.58 pH unit below the steady-state pHi, followed by a subsequent re-alkalinization of 0.083 pH unit X min-1.	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	155-158
3610218-4	1987	MTX enters by its own carrier mechanism, while MTX-MoAb conjugates enter by endocytosis with release of MTX at the lysosomal membrane, demonstrated by the ability of chloroquine and NH4Cl (which inhibit lysosomal function) to inhibit the action of MTX-MoAb but not MTX.	Ammonium Chloride	182-187	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
3028491-8	1987	Exposure to 30 mM NH4Cl caused a raise of pHi by 0.48 pH unit and an initial rate of re-acidification of 0.063 pH unit X min-1, after removal of NH4Cl the pHi fell by 0.58 pH unit below the steady-state pHi, followed by a subsequent re-alkalinization of 0.083 pH unit X min-1.	Ammonium Chloride	145-150	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	155-158
3028491-8	1987	Exposure to 30 mM NH4Cl caused a raise of pHi by 0.48 pH unit and an initial rate of re-acidification of 0.063 pH unit X min-1, after removal of NH4Cl the pHi fell by 0.58 pH unit below the steady-state pHi, followed by a subsequent re-alkalinization of 0.083 pH unit X min-1.	Ammonium Chloride	145-150	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	155-158
3816789-3	1987	Urea synthesis by the perfused rat liver supplemented with lactate (5 mM), ornithine (2 mM) and methionine sulfoximine (0.15 mM), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, was stimulated by stepwise infusion of NH4Cl at doses ranging from 0.24 mM to 3.0 mM.	Ammonium Chloride	207-212	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	146-166
3029062-5	1987	In the presence of NH4Cl and in I-cell fibroblasts, the majority of newly synthesized alpha-galactosidase A was secreted as an Mr = 52,000 form.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	86-107
3546340-7	1987	Ammonium chloride or monensin reduced the release of 125I-GM-CSF from the cells, suggesting that the receptor-bound ligand was processed through the lysosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	58-64
3028151-4	1987	After intracellular acidification with ammonium chloride, pH regulation was inhibited with 1 mM amiloride or by omission of external sodium, consistent with a Na-H exchange mechanism.	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	58-60
3007558-4	1986	Bound [125I]EGF was partially degraded to low mol wt products, and this degradation was blocked by the lysosomotropic compound ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	127-144	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	12-15
3545299-5	1987	With fMet-tRNA as the donor, this kcat of peptidyltransferase is 8.3 min-1 when the 0.5 M NH4Cl ribosomal wash is present, compared to 3.8 min-1 in its absence.	Ammonium Chloride	90-95	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	69-74
3545299-5	1987	With fMet-tRNA as the donor, this kcat of peptidyltransferase is 8.3 min-1 when the 0.5 M NH4Cl ribosomal wash is present, compared to 3.8 min-1 in its absence.	Ammonium Chloride	90-95	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	139-144
3745989-6	1986	The induction of RNase L by IFN was blocked by simultaneous addition of ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	72-89	ribonuclease L (2', 5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent)	Mus musculus	17-24
3539228-2	1987	Ammonium chloride inhibition of multimerization of vWf allowed selective examination of vWf dimeric molecules, and monoclonal antibody against the vWf propolypeptide was used to separate pro-vWf dimers from mature dimers.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	51-54
3493770-2	1986	Weakly basic amines such as methylamine, chloroquine and NH4Cl strongly inhibited not only protein secretion, but also the proteolytic conversion of a proform of complement C3, allowing the precursor to be released into the medium.	Ammonium Chloride	57-62	complement C3	Rattus norvegicus	162-175
3011246-0	1986	Selective killing of human T-lymphotropic virus-I infected leukemic T-cells by monoclonal anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody-ricin A chain conjugates: potentiation by ammonium chloride and monensin.	Ammonium Chloride	169-186	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	95-108
3011246-6	1986	Addition of ammonium chloride or monensin augments the potency of anti-TAC-A killing 100-fold (50% inhibitory concentration = 2.5 X 10(-12) M) and 400-fold (50% inhibitory concentration = 8 X 10(-13) M), respectively; furthermore, these agents accelerate rate of anti-TAC-A intoxication and increase the specific killing of interleukin 2 receptor-bearing leukemic cells.	Ammonium Chloride	12-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	324-337
3711662-12	1986	Additionally NH4Cl, a weak lysosomotropic base that impairs MFR recycling, decreased macrophage ingestion of promastigotes by 38.2% (p less than 0.03, 30 mM NH4Cl).	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	60-63
3008854-4	1986	Binding performed in the presence of a lysosomotropic agent (NH4Cl) increased the time required to reach maximal binding at 25 degrees C. NH4Cl had no significant effect on the time-course of EGF binding at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. A Scatchard plot showed a curvilinear relationship indicating that EGF binds to enterocytes with more than one binding site.	Ammonium Chloride	61-66	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	304-307
3085265-4	1986	A one-stage clotting assay for VIII:C has been developed where heparin is neutralized by Polybrene, a synthetic polymerized quaternary ammonium salt.	Ammonium Chloride	124-148	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	31-35
3521182-4	1986	Chloride repletion of these rats by the addition of NH4Cl or CaCl2 to their drinking fluid stimulated aldosterone biosynthesis while lowering plasma renin activity and raising plasma potassium.	Ammonium Chloride	52-57	renin	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
3958490-4	1986	In the presence of A chain immunotoxins and ammonium chloride, a maximum of 99 and 90% reduction of clonal precursors was obtained with IgG and Fab-A chain immunotoxins respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	44-61	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	144-147
3511352-7	1986	The addition of 20 mmol/L propionic acid to 2.8 mmol/L glucose reduced pHi to 6.85 +/- .05, whereas 20 mmol/L NH4Cl increased pHi to 7.27 +/- .07.	Ammonium Chloride	110-115	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
4065148-12	1985	Further, processing and transport of newly synthesized cathepsin C was largely resistant to NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	92-97	cathepsin C	Rattus norvegicus	55-66
4088433-5	1985	When methylamine or ammonium chloride was added, (both known inhibitors of transferrin iron release because of their lysosomotropic properties), total iron uptake was diminished.	Ammonium Chloride	20-37	transferrin	Mus musculus	75-86
3905406-11	1985	Whereas newly synthesized cathepsin D was found in the lysosomes 1 h after synthesis, alpha-glucosidase was detected only after 2-4 h. When a pulse-chase experiment was carried out in the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl there was a complete inhibition of the transport of cathepsin D and a partial inhibition of that of alpha-glucosidase to the lysosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	206-211	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	26-37
3905406-11	1985	Whereas newly synthesized cathepsin D was found in the lysosomes 1 h after synthesis, alpha-glucosidase was detected only after 2-4 h. When a pulse-chase experiment was carried out in the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl there was a complete inhibition of the transport of cathepsin D and a partial inhibition of that of alpha-glucosidase to the lysosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	206-211	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	86-103
3905406-11	1985	Whereas newly synthesized cathepsin D was found in the lysosomes 1 h after synthesis, alpha-glucosidase was detected only after 2-4 h. When a pulse-chase experiment was carried out in the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl there was a complete inhibition of the transport of cathepsin D and a partial inhibition of that of alpha-glucosidase to the lysosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	206-211	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	264-275
3905406-11	1985	Whereas newly synthesized cathepsin D was found in the lysosomes 1 h after synthesis, alpha-glucosidase was detected only after 2-4 h. When a pulse-chase experiment was carried out in the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl there was a complete inhibition of the transport of cathepsin D and a partial inhibition of that of alpha-glucosidase to the lysosomes.	Ammonium Chloride	206-211	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	312-329
4044585-5	1985	The effects of ammonium chloride on proteolysis indicate that ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein are degraded at least in part by lysosomal pathways.	Ammonium Chloride	15-32	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	94-103
4032303-4	1985	To investigate pHi regulation the pHi was decreased by one of three methods: by exposure to propionate, by adding and then removing NH4Cl or by exposure to CO2.	Ammonium Chloride	132-137	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	34-37
4043073-6	1985	The lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl appeared to inhibit 125I-VIP internalization, degradation and appearance of radiolabelled peptide in the large lysosomes in a time-dependent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	56-59
2995444-9	1985	In the absence of FMLP, a rise in pHi to 7.7-7.8 by exposure of cells to 30 mM NH4Cl, 10 microM monensin (a Na/H exchanging ionophore), or after a prepulse with 18% CO2 did not result in O2- generation.	Ammonium Chloride	79-84	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	34-37
4005299-6	1985	Addition of lysozymal enzyme inhibitors, ammonium chloride and chloroquine, resulted in a markedly increased secretion of transcobalamin II.	Ammonium Chloride	41-58	transcobalamin 2	Homo sapiens	122-139
3922995-2	1985	We examined the effect of ammonium chloride on the intracellular processing and secretion of two lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase, in mouse macrophages.	Ammonium Chloride	26-43	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	116-134
2579678-6	1985	Methylamine (10 mM) and ammonium chloride (10 mM) reduced degradation of alpha 2-macroglobulin X trypsin markedly without affecting that of insulin.	Ammonium Chloride	24-41	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	73-94
3157989-2	1985	Preincubation of platelets with 10 mM NH4Cl for up to 2 hr resulted in a time-dependent and marked stimulation of thrombin-induced secretion of both this enzyme and other acid glycosidases from platelets.	Ammonium Chloride	38-43	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	114-122
3157989-7	1985	Thrombin-induced secretion of adenine nucleotides from dense granules and of beta-thromboglobulin from alpha granules was slightly enhanced by NH4Cl but was slightly inhibited by methylamine.	Ammonium Chloride	143-148	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
2983665-7	1985	The degradation of 125I-EGF did not occur at 4 degrees C and was inhibited at 37 degrees C by chloroquine, methylamine or NH4Cl, but not by colchicine.	Ammonium Chloride	122-127	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
2418058-8	1986	When cells were acidified by exposure to acetate salts or by abrupt withdrawal of ammonium chloride, they exhibited pHi recovery to the resting pHi over a 5-min time-course.	Ammonium Chloride	82-99	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-119
2418058-8	1986	When cells were acidified by exposure to acetate salts or by abrupt withdrawal of ammonium chloride, they exhibited pHi recovery to the resting pHi over a 5-min time-course.	Ammonium Chloride	82-99	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	144-147
6239657-7	1984	Preincubation of platelets with NH4Cl (10 mM, 2 h), followed by thrombin stimulation, results in secretion of all beta-hexosaminidase as a low-uptake form.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	114-133
4088825-5	1985	The latter finding raises the possibility that part of the ammonium reabsorption in the TALH is mediated by the cotransport system as NaCl/NH4Cl cotransport.	Ammonium Chloride	139-144	transaldolase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
3890317-4	1985	During transient metabolic acidosis induced by an ammonium chloride load a pronounced increase in beta 2-microglobulin excretion was noticed in all patient groups but especially in those with urinary acidification defects.	Ammonium Chloride	50-67	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	98-118
6441723-6	1984	After 3 days of ammonium chloride loading, ammonium excretion averaged 54.7 +/- 4.2 in group A, 54.4 +/- 4.3 in group B and 64.3 +/- 5.5 mumol min-1 in group C. Values obtained in the first two groups were significantly lower than that achieved by control subjects (76.4 +/- 14.9 mumol min-1).	Ammonium Chloride	16-33	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	143-148
6441723-6	1984	After 3 days of ammonium chloride loading, ammonium excretion averaged 54.7 +/- 4.2 in group A, 54.4 +/- 4.3 in group B and 64.3 +/- 5.5 mumol min-1 in group C. Values obtained in the first two groups were significantly lower than that achieved by control subjects (76.4 +/- 14.9 mumol min-1).	Ammonium Chloride	16-33	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	286-291
6327811-5	1984	At 37 degrees C, the bound 125I-CSF-1 was rapidly internalized and degraded by the target cells with a T1/2 of approximately 30 min; degradation was inhibited by the addition of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	178-183	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	32-37
6092358-10	1984	This suggests the mechanism for NH4Cl stimulation is a near-equilibrium adjustment to ammonia by glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase rather than a principal involvement of glutaminase.	Ammonium Chloride	32-37	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-151
6209349-3	1984	The mechanism by which NDV, Sindbis virus, and VSV enter "aged" primary chick embryo cells to initiate IFN induction was studied by using NH4Cl, a lysosomotropic weak base that compromises low pH-dependent membrane fusion.	Ammonium Chloride	138-143	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
6209349-4	1984	NH4Cl was used to perturb the early steps in virus entry into the cytosol thought to result ultimately in presentation of dsRNA to the cell"s first-stage recognition system for IFN induction.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	177-180
6209349-8	1984	Sindbis virus infectivity and IFN-inducing particle activity were inhibited similarly in an NH4Cl concentration-dependent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	92-97	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
6209349-9	1984	While the infectivity of VSV was very sensitive to the action of NH4Cl, virtually all IFN-inducing particles were functional; however, the quantum yield of IFN they induced was reduced in an NH4Cl concentration-dependent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	191-196	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
6209349-9	1984	While the infectivity of VSV was very sensitive to the action of NH4Cl, virtually all IFN-inducing particles were functional; however, the quantum yield of IFN they induced was reduced in an NH4Cl concentration-dependent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	191-196	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	156-159
6209349-12	1984	Infectivity and IFN induction by Sindbis virus and VSV share a common, limiting step in NH4Cl treated cells: transfer of viral RNA from basic vacuoles into the cell cytosol.	Ammonium Chloride	88-93	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	16-19
6499716-6	1984	The decline in specific activity of PGDH in medullary tissue during the first 48 h in culture could be prevented by including inhibitors of lysosomal enzyme activity, i.e., chloroquine or ammonium chloride, in the culture medium.	Ammonium Chloride	188-205	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	36-40
6465862-5	1984	The addition of either methylamine or ammonium chloride, both known blockers of transferrin-iron release through their lysosomotropic properties, inhibited total iron uptake.	Ammonium Chloride	38-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
6370334-4	1984	Clonogenic assays indicated that less than 0.1% of GH1 cells survived 3-hr exposure to the conjugate in ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	104-121	growth hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
6576912-2	1983	NH4Cl and monensin, two agents which neutralize intracellular acidic compartments, block the segregation of iron from transferrin after endocytosis, while neither of these reagents affects internalization of diferric transferrin into the cell.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	transferrin	Homo sapiens	118-129
6323131-11	1984	In contrast, NH4Cl inhibited the degradation of receptor-bound [125I]iodo-hCG, suggesting that the ligand and the receptor may be handled differently by the granulosa cell.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	74-77
6140920-2	1983	NH4Cl, HCl or diabetic ketoacidosis increases the maximum activity of glutamine synthetase in skeletal muscle.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	70-90
6604091-4	1983	The inhibition occurred if monocytes were treated with ammonium chloride and chloroquine for 1.5 hr, starting only 30 min after exposure to the stimulants, whereas only minimal inhibition occurred when monocytes were treated with the two lysosomotropic compounds 2 hr after pulsing with SLO or SpA.	Ammonium Chloride	55-72	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	294-297
6311712-0	1983	Release of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (acid sphingomyelinase) by ammonium chloride from CL 1D mouse L-cells and human fibroblasts.	Ammonium Chloride	70-87	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	11-42
6311712-0	1983	Release of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (acid sphingomyelinase) by ammonium chloride from CL 1D mouse L-cells and human fibroblasts.	Ammonium Chloride	70-87	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	44-65
6311712-2	1983	In cultured human fibroblasts and mouse L-cells the lysosomotropic agent, ammonium chloride, caused release of acid sphingomyelinase into the culture medium.	Ammonium Chloride	74-91	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	111-132
6573263-4	1983	Chloroquine and NH4Cl, known as pH-raising agents in vesicles of the lysosomal system, inhibited iron accumulation and transferrin binding in a dose-dependent manner.	Ammonium Chloride	16-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	119-130
6406524-1	1983	The tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) activity of cell-free extracts (TyH) of B16 melanoma cells cultured in the presence of 5 to 10 mM ammonium chloride was considerably higher than that of cells from control cultures.	Ammonium Chloride	128-145	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	4-14
6406524-3	1983	In the presence of the latter, however, ammonium chloride did increase the tyrosinase activity of living cells in culture (TyC) resulting in about threefold increase in the TyC/TyH ratio, a measure of the extent of tyrosinase reaction exerted by the enzyme present in living cells.	Ammonium Chloride	40-57	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	75-85
6406524-3	1983	In the presence of the latter, however, ammonium chloride did increase the tyrosinase activity of living cells in culture (TyC) resulting in about threefold increase in the TyC/TyH ratio, a measure of the extent of tyrosinase reaction exerted by the enzyme present in living cells.	Ammonium Chloride	40-57	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	215-225
6089756-1	1984	Treatment of hepatocytes with either NH4Cl (10mM) or fructose (10mM) blocks insulin"s activation of the "dense-vesicle" cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	Ammonium Chloride	37-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
6761145-2	1982	When the labelling was carried out for 6-12 h in the presence of NH4Cl, the labelling of secreted alpha-glucosidase relative to that of secreted cathepsin D in fibroblasts from patients with the late-onset form of Pompe"s disease was less than 15% of that in fibroblasts from control persons.	Ammonium Chloride	65-70	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	98-115
6186243-1	1982	Reactions of alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M) with primary amines (ammonium chloride, methylammonium chloride and ethylammonium chloride) or proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and thrombin) resulted in changes of the absorption, fluorescence and circular-dichroism spectra and of the sedimentation coefficient of the inhibitor.	Ammonium Chloride	69-86	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	13-35
6186243-1	1982	Reactions of alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M) with primary amines (ammonium chloride, methylammonium chloride and ethylammonium chloride) or proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and thrombin) resulted in changes of the absorption, fluorescence and circular-dichroism spectra and of the sedimentation coefficient of the inhibitor.	Ammonium Chloride	69-86	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	37-46
6812049-6	1982	When mutant cells were grown in the presence of a "corrective factor" purified from the medium of NH4Cl-stimulated cell cultures, both beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase activities were restored to low control levels.	Ammonium Chloride	98-103	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	135-153
6812049-6	1982	When mutant cells were grown in the presence of a "corrective factor" purified from the medium of NH4Cl-stimulated cell cultures, both beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase activities were restored to low control levels.	Ammonium Chloride	98-103	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	158-171
7126660-1	1982	Addition of uncoupler at the background of concentration gradient of the salts of weak acids and bases (sodium acetate and ammonium chloride) brought about formation of the positive potential on the BLM part with high sodium acetate concentration and of the negative potential on the BLM part with high ammonium chloride concentration.	Ammonium Chloride	123-140	BLM RecQ like helicase	Homo sapiens	199-202
7126660-1	1982	Addition of uncoupler at the background of concentration gradient of the salts of weak acids and bases (sodium acetate and ammonium chloride) brought about formation of the positive potential on the BLM part with high sodium acetate concentration and of the negative potential on the BLM part with high ammonium chloride concentration.	Ammonium Chloride	123-140	BLM RecQ like helicase	Homo sapiens	284-287
7126660-1	1982	Addition of uncoupler at the background of concentration gradient of the salts of weak acids and bases (sodium acetate and ammonium chloride) brought about formation of the positive potential on the BLM part with high sodium acetate concentration and of the negative potential on the BLM part with high ammonium chloride concentration.	Ammonium Chloride	303-320	BLM RecQ like helicase	Homo sapiens	199-202
6276475-8	1982	Pure pig skin epidermis (separated by trypsinization, NaBr, CaCl2-sucrose or NH4Cl treatment) was also shown to have heat-stable calmodulin activity.	Ammonium Chloride	77-82	calmodulin-3	Sus scrofa	129-139
6282142-9	1982	In both PO4 repletion and deprivation, NH4Cl increased basal and PTH-stimulated cAMP excretion, but the changes were poorly correlated with FEPO4.	Ammonium Chloride	39-44	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
7158385-2	1982	It was observed that the addition of NH4Cl to sheep erythrocytes increased their glucose metabolism which was manifested in an increase of glucose uptake and lactate production and also a higher Hx, G-6-PD and LHD activity.	Ammonium Chloride	37-42	glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase	Ovis aries	199-205
7046731-6	1982	Chloroquine (3-50 microM), bacitracin (0.1-10 mM) and NH4Cl (1-10 mM) inhibited insulin degradation as soon as this became detectable and caused an increase in the association of insulin to hepatocytes after 20 min.	Ammonium Chloride	54-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
6277962-1	1982	Receptor-mediated endocytosis of rat preputial beta-glucuronidase and the glycoconjugate mannose-BSA by rat alveolar macrophages is inhibited by chloroquine and ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	161-178	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	47-65
7304732-4	1981	In other experiments, pHi was initially lowered by temporarily exposing the fiber to NH4Cl-containing solution.	Ammonium Chloride	85-90	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	22-25
7141740-3	1982	The presence of 10 mM ammonium chloride significantly increased the efficiency of the immunotoxin, tumor cells expressing high levels of p97 being killed at immunotoxin concentrations as low as 10(-10) M.	Ammonium Chloride	22-39	melanotransferrin	Homo sapiens	137-140
6271226-4	1981	Similarly, lysosomotropic agents, chloroquine (100 microM) and ammonium chloride (10 mM), partly blocked the steroidogenic response of luteal cells to hCG and/or human or rat sera.	Ammonium Chloride	63-80	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	151-154
7320867-7	1981	When the cytoplasm was acidified (by NH4Cl loading, CO2 application, or HCl injection), pHi recovered towards its resting value.	Ammonium Chloride	37-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	88-91
6168400-4	1981	The titer of IFN dropped from 2600 units/ml in control cultures, to less than 50 units/ml in the presence of 400 microgram/ml of NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	129-134	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
7213779-4	1981	Qualitatively identical spectra of degradation intermediates were formed in the presence of chloroquine and NH4Cl as determined by autoradiography of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic fractions, ranging from the apolipoprotein B band (Mr = 340,000) to bands with molecular weights of less than 14,000.	Ammonium Chloride	108-113	apolipoprotein B	Bos taurus	217-233
6455293-1	1981	Myosin isoenzymes, highly enriched in either alkali 1 or alkali 2 light chains have been prepared by light chain exchange in 4.7 M ammonium chloride, under conditions where there is minimal loss of ATPase activity.	Ammonium Chloride	131-148	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	0-6
6450767-1	1981	Light chain exchange in 4.7 M NH4Cl was used to hybridize the essential light chain of cardiac myosin with the heavy chain of fast muscle myosin subfragment 1, S-1.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	95-101
6450767-4	1981	Light chain exchange in NH4Cl was also used to hybridize the essential light chains of fast muscle myosin with the heavy chains of cardiac myosin and to hybridize the essential light chains of cardiac myosin with the heavy chains of fast muscle myosin.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	99-105
6450767-4	1981	Light chain exchange in NH4Cl was also used to hybridize the essential light chains of fast muscle myosin with the heavy chains of cardiac myosin and to hybridize the essential light chains of cardiac myosin with the heavy chains of fast muscle myosin.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	139-145
6113012-4	1980	The GTPase and ATPase can be removed from the ribosomes and their 50S subparticles by treatment with 1 M NH4Cl or 50% ethanol in the cold.	Ammonium Chloride	105-110	ATPase	Escherichia coli	15-21
6267315-11	1981	Ten-millimolar NH4Cl blocks lysosomal hydrolysis of EGF almost completely.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	52-55
6774748-7	1980	NH4Cl decreased the half time of cytochrome b-563 oxidation fro 11.6 to 8.2 ms and decreased the half time of cytochrome f reduction from 7.2 to 2.8 ms.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	apocytochrome f precursor	Spinacia oleracea	110-122
7000584-4	1980	Agents believed to inhibit intralysosomal degradation of various proteins also inhibited the degradation of 125I-insulin by H4 cells (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, procaine, and lidocaine); inhibitors of energy production (dinitrophenol, sodium cyanide) inhibited degradation; an agent which inhibits microtubule function (vinblastine) blocked insulin degradation; and methylamine, reported to prevent receptor aggregation,2 also interfered with insulin processing.	Ammonium Chloride	147-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
6247227-3	1980	In the present experiments, lysosomotropic agents, chloroquine, ammonium chloride and methylamine, in the presence of prolactin are capable of almost completely preventing this down-regulation.	Ammonium Chloride	64-81	prolactin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	118-127
6104671-0	1980	The coupling with polypeptide synthesis of the GTPase activity dependent on elongation factor G. The coupling with polypeptide synthesis of the ribosome-elongation factor G (EF-G)-dependent GTPase activity was studied in a highly purified system with well characterized NH4Cl-washed ribosomes which were from 55 to 67% active in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis.	Ammonium Chloride	270-275	G elongation factor mitochondrial 1	Homo sapiens	144-172
6104671-0	1980	The coupling with polypeptide synthesis of the GTPase activity dependent on elongation factor G. The coupling with polypeptide synthesis of the ribosome-elongation factor G (EF-G)-dependent GTPase activity was studied in a highly purified system with well characterized NH4Cl-washed ribosomes which were from 55 to 67% active in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis.	Ammonium Chloride	270-275	G elongation factor mitochondrial 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
14974-5	1977	In hamsters pretreated with infusion of urinary ammonium chloride, which decreased plasma and urinary pH, both parathyroid hormone and calcitonin increased excretion of phosphate as well as that of cyclic AMP.	Ammonium Chloride	48-65	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	111-130
6296934-3	1980	The same results were obtained in organ-culture of the rabbit mammary gland in the presence of prolactin; in addition, the down-regulation of prolactin receptors could be counteracted by lysosomotropic agents (chloroquine NH4Cl) in vitro.	Ammonium Chloride	222-227	prolactin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	95-104
6296934-3	1980	The same results were obtained in organ-culture of the rabbit mammary gland in the presence of prolactin; in addition, the down-regulation of prolactin receptors could be counteracted by lysosomotropic agents (chloroquine NH4Cl) in vitro.	Ammonium Chloride	222-227	prolactin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	142-151
914980-0	1977	Effect of NH4Cl on plasma aldosterone, cortisol and renin activity in supine man.	Ammonium Chloride	10-15	renin	Homo sapiens	52-57
422856-1	1979	In the present study the effect of ammonium chloride on murine natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity to T cell lymphoma, YAC-1 was studied.	Ammonium Chloride	35-52	ADP-ribosyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	130-135
747656-0	1978	The effects of ammonium chloride and bicarbonate on the activity of glutaminase in isolated liver mitochondria.	Ammonium Chloride	15-32	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	68-79
747656-11	1978	A correlation was observed between the activity of glutaminase in the presence of NH4Cl plus HCO3- and the intramitochondrial content of <protein-id="4508">ATP.	Ammonium Chloride	82-87	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	51-62
747656-13	1978	In disrupted mitochondria, NH4Cl stimulated glutaminase to a much smaller extent than in intact mitochondria.	Ammonium Chloride	27-32	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	44-55
33769-4	1978	Organ pHi altered in response to administration of NH4Cl or NaHCO3 to the host.	Ammonium Chloride	51-56	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
14803-5	1977	In chronic metabolic acidosis, pHi decreased in proportion to the total amount of ammonium chloride administered; pHi was normal in patients with uraemic acidosis.	Ammonium Chloride	82-99	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	31-34
14005-4	1977	In a buffer containing 155 mM NH4Cl and 10 mM MgCl2, the calcium affinity of these sites is reduced to a KCa of 3.0 X 10(6) M-1, indicating competition between Ca2+ and Mg2+.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	169-172
14005-6	1977	In a buffer containing 155 mM NH4Cl and 10 mM MgCl2, the calcium affinity of these sites is reduced to a KCa of 3.0 X 10(6) M-1, indicating competition between Ca2+ and Mg2+.	Ammonium Chloride	30-35	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	169-172
13138-3	1976	We have studied the excretion of erythropoietin in 6 persons, following the daily administration of 3.5 g of NH4Cl, which resulted in an average urine pH of 5.9; and following the administration of hexapotassium hexasodium pentacitrate, which increased the urine pH TO 7.5.	Ammonium Chloride	109-114	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	33-47
5779301-0	1969	Response to metabolic (ammonium chloride) acidosis at sea level and at high altitude.	Ammonium Chloride	23-40	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	54-57
1002819-1	1976	The effect of infusing calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium lactate, and ammonium chloride on renin secretion was compared to equimolar infusions of hypotonic and normal saline in sodium-deplete normal subjects.	Ammonium Chloride	80-97	renin	Homo sapiens	101-106
1002819-2	1976	The infusion of 75 mEq of ammonium chloride for 60 min in 6 normal, sodium-deplete subjects suppressed plasma renin activity significantly (P less than 0.01) from 4.4 +/- 0.8 to 2.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml/h, an effect comparable to that produced by normal saline.	Ammonium Chloride	26-43	renin	Homo sapiens	110-115
64142-4	1976	2.--A significant decrease of glutamine synthetase activity is observed only after administration of both aminooxyacetate and ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	126-143	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	30-50
1460-5	1976	Application of external NH4Cl caused pHi to rise sharply; return to normal ASW caused pHi to return to a value below its initial one.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	37-40
1460-5	1976	Application of external NH4Cl caused pHi to rise sharply; return to normal ASW caused pHi to return to a value below its initial one.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	86-89
1460-6	1976	If the exposure to NH4Cl was prolonged, two additional effects were noted: (a) during the exposure, the rapid initial rise in pHi was followed by a slow fall, and (b) after the exposure, the undershoot was greatly exaggerated.	Ammonium Chloride	19-24	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	126-129
1460-9	1976	A mathematical model explains the pHi changes caused by NH4Cl on the basis of passive movements of both NH3 and NH4+.	Ammonium Chloride	56-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	34-37
240505-2	1975	Perfusion for 15 min with effective ammonium chloride concentrations of 0.53, 0.71, and 2.06 mmol/l resulted in glutamine production of 1.34, 0.95, and 4.41 mmol with 15 min-1/200 dry weight compatible with the presence of glutamine synthetase in rat myocardium.	Ammonium Chloride	36-53	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	223-243
1168195-1	1975	Enantiomeric diacylglycerols were emulsified, mole for mole, with lyso(1-acyl) lecithin and were hydrolyzed with lipoprotein lipase in NH4Cl-beef serum albumin buffer at pH 8.6 after a brief incubation with delipidated rat serum.	Ammonium Chloride	135-140	lipoprotein lipase	Bos taurus	113-131
1115233-4	1975	This adaptive response was associated with a concomitant rise in renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity; PDG activity increased from approximately 36% adult level in untreated infants to 79% adult level in infants given NH4Cl for 2 days.	Ammonium Chloride	234-239	glutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	71-102
1115233-4	1975	This adaptive response was associated with a concomitant rise in renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity; PDG activity increased from approximately 36% adult level in untreated infants to 79% adult level in infants given NH4Cl for 2 days.	Ammonium Chloride	234-239	glutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
1115233-4	1975	This adaptive response was associated with a concomitant rise in renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity; PDG activity increased from approximately 36% adult level in untreated infants to 79% adult level in infants given NH4Cl for 2 days.	Ammonium Chloride	234-239	glutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	119-122
1115233-5	1975	Ammonia excretion and PDG activity decreased in parallel following cessation of NH4Cl treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	80-85	glutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
1115233-6	1975	Administration of the antibiotic, actinomycin D (100 mug/kg, ip, 2 times daily for 2 days) completely inhibited the response of PDG to repeated NH4Cl administration.	Ammonium Chloride	144-149	glutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	128-131
1150635-6	1975	The ratios of the rate of urea formation from ammonium chloride to activity of ornithine transcarbamylase [EC 2.1.3.3.]	Ammonium Chloride	46-63	ornithine transcarbamylase	Rattus norvegicus	79-105
237241-0	1975	The effect of chronic ammonium chloride ingestion on parathyroid hormone function.	Ammonium Chloride	22-39	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	53-72
237241-1	1975	The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ammonium chloride ingestion on the hypercalcemic effect of parathyroid hormone in vivo.	Ammonium Chloride	55-72	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	114-133
238344-8	1975	The ammonium chloride loading test confirmed the diagnosis of primary distal RTA.	Ammonium Chloride	4-21	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	77-80
4462579-5	1974	Urate synthesis from glycine, glutamine, NH(4)Cl, asparagine, alanine, histidine and a mixture of 21 amino acids was obtained on inclusion of insulin in the perfusion medium.	Ammonium Chloride	41-48	insulin	Gallus gallus	142-149
4303457-3	1969	When metabolic acidosis was induced with oral feeding of ammonium chloride for 48 hr, there was an increase of activity of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in whole kidneys as well as in the kidney cortex.	Ammonium Chloride	57-74	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-167
4303457-3	1969	When metabolic acidosis was induced with oral feeding of ammonium chloride for 48 hr, there was an increase of activity of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in whole kidneys as well as in the kidney cortex.	Ammonium Chloride	57-74	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
4303457-9	1969	Triamcinolone plus ammonium chloride induced a greater increase of PEPCK activity than triamcinolone by itself; on the contrary, the rise of glucose-6-phosphatase induced by triamcinolone was not enhanced by acidosis.	Ammonium Chloride	19-36	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
14857163-0	1951	Effects of ammonium chloride acidosis on the action of insulin in dogs.	Ammonium Chloride	11-28	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	55-62
19872248-1	1925	When the living cells of Nitella are placed in a solution of brilliant cresyl blue containing NH(4)Cl, the rate of accumulation of the dye in the sap is found to be lower than when the cells are placed in a solution of dye containing no NH(4)Cl and this may occur without any increase in the pH value of the cell sap.	Ammonium Chloride	94-101	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	146-149
19872248-1	1925	When the living cells of Nitella are placed in a solution of brilliant cresyl blue containing NH(4)Cl, the rate of accumulation of the dye in the sap is found to be lower than when the cells are placed in a solution of dye containing no NH(4)Cl and this may occur without any increase in the pH value of the cell sap.	Ammonium Chloride	94-101	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	313-316
34058588-3	2021	Results showed that reducing COD/TN ratio from 40 to 20 g COD/g N by supplementing NH4Cl to GW improved the relative abundance of genera related to LAS-biodegradation (from 8.39% to 35.7%), nitrification (from 0.20% to 0.62%) and denitrification (from 3.01% to 7.59%).	Ammonium Chloride	83-88	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	33-35
33461598-10	2021	We further found that alpha-syn overexpression decreased mGluR5 expression via a lysosomal pathway, as evidenced by the lysosomal inhibitor, NH4Cl, by blocking mGluR5 degradation, which was not evident with the proteasome inhibitor, MG132.	Ammonium Chloride	141-146	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	22-31
33962630-8	2021	The NEDD4-mediated polyubiquitination of IGPR-1 stimulates lysosomal-dependent degradation of IGPR-1 as the treatment of cells with the lysosomal inhibitors, bafilomycine or ammonium chloride increased IGPR-1 levels ectopically expressed in HEK-293 cells and in multiple endogenously IGPR-1 expressing human skin melanoma cell lines.	Ammonium Chloride	174-191	NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	4-9
33962630-8	2021	The NEDD4-mediated polyubiquitination of IGPR-1 stimulates lysosomal-dependent degradation of IGPR-1 as the treatment of cells with the lysosomal inhibitors, bafilomycine or ammonium chloride increased IGPR-1 levels ectopically expressed in HEK-293 cells and in multiple endogenously IGPR-1 expressing human skin melanoma cell lines.	Ammonium Chloride	174-191	transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	41-47
33962630-8	2021	The NEDD4-mediated polyubiquitination of IGPR-1 stimulates lysosomal-dependent degradation of IGPR-1 as the treatment of cells with the lysosomal inhibitors, bafilomycine or ammonium chloride increased IGPR-1 levels ectopically expressed in HEK-293 cells and in multiple endogenously IGPR-1 expressing human skin melanoma cell lines.	Ammonium Chloride	174-191	transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	94-100
33962630-8	2021	The NEDD4-mediated polyubiquitination of IGPR-1 stimulates lysosomal-dependent degradation of IGPR-1 as the treatment of cells with the lysosomal inhibitors, bafilomycine or ammonium chloride increased IGPR-1 levels ectopically expressed in HEK-293 cells and in multiple endogenously IGPR-1 expressing human skin melanoma cell lines.	Ammonium Chloride	174-191	transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	94-100
33962630-8	2021	The NEDD4-mediated polyubiquitination of IGPR-1 stimulates lysosomal-dependent degradation of IGPR-1 as the treatment of cells with the lysosomal inhibitors, bafilomycine or ammonium chloride increased IGPR-1 levels ectopically expressed in HEK-293 cells and in multiple endogenously IGPR-1 expressing human skin melanoma cell lines.	Ammonium Chloride	174-191	transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	94-100
33749979-7	2021	In contrast, total SIRT7-deficient mice present lower KCC4 expression and an exacerbated metabolic acidosis than wild-type mice during an ammonium chloride challenge.	Ammonium Chloride	138-155	sirtuin 7	Mus musculus	19-24
33705345-6	2021	NH4Cl load increased the expression of Rhcg in membrane fraction.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	Rhesus blood group-associated C glycoprotein	Mus musculus	39-43
33705345-7	2021	Adrenalectomy decreased NH4Cl-induced Rhcg expression, which was restored by administration of aldosterone.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	Rhesus blood group-associated C glycoprotein	Mus musculus	38-42
33705345-8	2021	Immunohistochemical studies revealed that NH4Cl load induced the localization of Rhcg at the apical membrane of ICs in the outer medullary collecting duct.	Ammonium Chloride	42-47	Rhesus blood group-associated C glycoprotein	Mus musculus	81-85
33705345-9	2021	Adrenalectomy decreased NH4Cl-induced membrane localization of Rhcg, which was restored by administration of aldosterone.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	Rhesus blood group-associated C glycoprotein	Mus musculus	63-67
33930632-0	2021	Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by ammonium chloride induced apoptosis and autophagy in MAC-T cell.	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Bos taurus	19-22
33930632-0	2021	Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by ammonium chloride induced apoptosis and autophagy in MAC-T cell.	Ammonium Chloride	39-56	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Bos taurus	23-27
33870378-2	2021	Both salts were obtained from the reaction of the corresponding ammonium chlorides with ClF or Cl2, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	64-82	CLQTL1	Homo sapiens	88-91
33373755-9	2021	The characterization of source emissions indicates that NaK-EC is likely from coal combustion and is associated with a relatively higher amount of ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	147-164	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
33522409-5	2021	In NH4Cl-loaded rats, renal protein and mRNA expression of claudin-16, and claudin-19 decreased compared with controls.	Ammonium Chloride	3-8	claudin 16	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
33522409-5	2021	In NH4Cl-loaded rats, renal protein and mRNA expression of claudin-16, and claudin-19 decreased compared with controls.	Ammonium Chloride	3-8	claudin 19	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
33522409-6	2021	However, claudin-14 protein and mRNA increased in NH4Cl-loaded rats.	Ammonium Chloride	50-55	claudin 14	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
33522409-7	2021	Consistently, the calcium-sensing receptor protein and mRNA were upregulated in NH4Cl-loaded rats.	Ammonium Chloride	80-85	calcium-sensing receptor	Rattus norvegicus	18-42
33539422-6	2021	NH4Cl inhibited the decrease in HIF-1alpha expression by PDI overexpression, suggesting that HIF-1alpha was degraded by the lysosomal pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	32-42
33539422-6	2021	NH4Cl inhibited the decrease in HIF-1alpha expression by PDI overexpression, suggesting that HIF-1alpha was degraded by the lysosomal pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	57-60
33539422-6	2021	NH4Cl inhibited the decrease in HIF-1alpha expression by PDI overexpression, suggesting that HIF-1alpha was degraded by the lysosomal pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	93-103
33461598-10	2021	We further found that alpha-syn overexpression decreased mGluR5 expression via a lysosomal pathway, as evidenced by the lysosomal inhibitor, NH4Cl, by blocking mGluR5 degradation, which was not evident with the proteasome inhibitor, MG132.	Ammonium Chloride	141-146	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	57-63
33461598-10	2021	We further found that alpha-syn overexpression decreased mGluR5 expression via a lysosomal pathway, as evidenced by the lysosomal inhibitor, NH4Cl, by blocking mGluR5 degradation, which was not evident with the proteasome inhibitor, MG132.	Ammonium Chloride	141-146	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	160-166
33409395-0	2020	The inhibition of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials produced by ammonium chloride in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Ammonium Chloride	72-89	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
33558655-7	2021	In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, NH4Cl plus unconjugated bilirubin significantly decreased BCRP function and expression of membrane BCRP protein, but upregulated P-gp function and expression of membrane P-gp protein.	Ammonium Chloride	51-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	109-113
33558655-7	2021	In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, NH4Cl plus unconjugated bilirubin significantly decreased BCRP function and expression of membrane BCRP protein, but upregulated P-gp function and expression of membrane P-gp protein.	Ammonium Chloride	51-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-154
33558655-7	2021	In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, NH4Cl plus unconjugated bilirubin significantly decreased BCRP function and expression of membrane BCRP protein, but upregulated P-gp function and expression of membrane P-gp protein.	Ammonium Chloride	51-56	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	180-184
33558655-7	2021	In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, NH4Cl plus unconjugated bilirubin significantly decreased BCRP function and expression of membrane BCRP protein, but upregulated P-gp function and expression of membrane P-gp protein.	Ammonium Chloride	51-56	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	221-225
33409395-1	2020	The depression of evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) following superfusion with various concentrations (3 muM-5 mM) of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were investigated in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Ammonium Chloride	139-156	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
33409395-1	2020	The depression of evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) following superfusion with various concentrations (3 muM-5 mM) of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were investigated in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Ammonium Chloride	158-163	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
33409395-9	2020	Action potentials elicited by rectangular outward current injection from CA3 neurons projecting to CA1 neurons were persistent at 200 muM NH4Cl but disappeared at 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	138-143	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
33409395-9	2020	Action potentials elicited by rectangular outward current injection from CA3 neurons projecting to CA1 neurons were persistent at 200 muM NH4Cl but disappeared at 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	138-143	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
33409395-9	2020	Action potentials elicited by rectangular outward current injection from CA3 neurons projecting to CA1 neurons were persistent at 200 muM NH4Cl but disappeared at 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	168-173	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
33409395-9	2020	Action potentials elicited by rectangular outward current injection from CA3 neurons projecting to CA1 neurons were persistent at 200 muM NH4Cl but disappeared at 5 mM NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	168-173	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
33182520-4	2020	In this study, the relative protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), caspase-3, and p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Beclin1, and Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) was significantly lower (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl group in comparison with the NH4Cl + 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) group.	Ammonium Chloride	312-317	apoptosis regulator Bcl-2	Capra hircus	50-55
33292101-8	2020	Likewise, fibroblast immunostaining showed that autophagy deficiency established by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has significantly increased P38 signalling, DNA damage marker (H2A.X), and oxidative stress marker (dityrosine).	Ammonium Chloride	84-101	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	138-141
33292101-8	2020	Likewise, fibroblast immunostaining showed that autophagy deficiency established by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has significantly increased P38 signalling, DNA damage marker (H2A.X), and oxidative stress marker (dityrosine).	Ammonium Chloride	84-101	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	173-178
33292101-8	2020	Likewise, fibroblast immunostaining showed that autophagy deficiency established by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has significantly increased P38 signalling, DNA damage marker (H2A.X), and oxidative stress marker (dityrosine).	Ammonium Chloride	103-108	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	138-141
33292101-8	2020	Likewise, fibroblast immunostaining showed that autophagy deficiency established by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has significantly increased P38 signalling, DNA damage marker (H2A.X), and oxidative stress marker (dityrosine).	Ammonium Chloride	103-108	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	173-178
33248600-14	2020	The treatment containing NH4Cl presented the lowest ADG, G:F, and N-utilization efficiency.	Ammonium Chloride	25-30	ADG	Gallus gallus	52-55
33182520-4	2020	In this study, the relative protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), caspase-3, and p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Beclin1, and Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) was significantly lower (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl group in comparison with the NH4Cl + 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) group.	Ammonium Chloride	277-282	apoptosis regulator BAX	Capra hircus	50-76
33182520-4	2020	In this study, the relative protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), caspase-3, and p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Beclin1, and Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) was significantly lower (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl group in comparison with the NH4Cl + 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) group.	Ammonium Chloride	277-282	apoptosis regulator BAX	Capra hircus	77-80
33182520-4	2020	In this study, the relative protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), caspase-3, and p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Beclin1, and Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) was significantly lower (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl group in comparison with the NH4Cl + 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) group.	Ammonium Chloride	277-282	apoptosis regulator Bcl-2	Capra hircus	50-55
33182520-4	2020	In this study, the relative protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), caspase-3, and p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Beclin1, and Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) was significantly lower (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl group in comparison with the NH4Cl + 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) group.	Ammonium Chloride	312-317	apoptosis regulator BAX	Capra hircus	50-76
33182520-4	2020	In this study, the relative protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), caspase-3, and p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Beclin1, and Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) was significantly lower (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl group in comparison with the NH4Cl + 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) group.	Ammonium Chloride	312-317	apoptosis regulator BAX	Capra hircus	77-80
33182520-5	2020	In addition, the relative protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was decreased significantly (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl + 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) group and the methionine (Met) + 3-MA group in comparison with the NH4Cl group.	Ammonium Chloride	181-186	apoptosis regulator BAX	Capra hircus	48-51
33182520-5	2020	In addition, the relative protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was decreased significantly (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl + 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) group and the methionine (Met) + 3-MA group in comparison with the NH4Cl group.	Ammonium Chloride	181-186	caspase-3	Capra hircus	56-65
33182520-5	2020	In addition, the relative protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was decreased significantly (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl + 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) group and the methionine (Met) + 3-MA group in comparison with the NH4Cl group.	Ammonium Chloride	181-186	apoptosis regulator Bcl-2	Capra hircus	117-122
33182520-5	2020	In addition, the relative protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while that of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was decreased significantly (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl + 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) group and the methionine (Met) + 3-MA group in comparison with the NH4Cl group.	Ammonium Chloride	279-284	apoptosis regulator BAX	Capra hircus	48-51
33182520-6	2020	Furthermore, the relative protein expression of Beclin1 and LC3B-II was significantly lower (p < 0.05), while that of p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl + Z-VAD-FMK group and the Met + Z-VAD-FMK group in comparison with the NH4Cl group.	Ammonium Chloride	166-171	beclin-1	Capra hircus	48-55
33182520-6	2020	Furthermore, the relative protein expression of Beclin1 and LC3B-II was significantly lower (p < 0.05), while that of p62 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), in the NH4Cl + Z-VAD-FMK group and the Met + Z-VAD-FMK group in comparison with the NH4Cl group.	Ammonium Chloride	243-248	beclin-1	Capra hircus	48-55
32912211-9	2020	Finally, protein expression of Tax and M22 could be recovered by NH4Cl and PYR-41, inhibitors of the lysosome and the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	65-70	ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 7	Homo sapiens	118-148
33192318-15	2020	This effect was mediated by Nrf2/ARE signaling, and knockdown of Nrf2 expression abolished the antagonistic effect of H2S on NH4Cl-induced neurotoxicity in astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	125-130	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
33192318-15	2020	This effect was mediated by Nrf2/ARE signaling, and knockdown of Nrf2 expression abolished the antagonistic effect of H2S on NH4Cl-induced neurotoxicity in astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	125-130	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
33192318-16	2020	Conclusion: Levels of H2S and bacteria associated with H2S production are decreased in HE, and H2S functions as the neuroprotector against NH4Cl-induced HE by activating Nrf2/ARE signaling of astrocytes.	Ammonium Chloride	139-144	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	170-174
32657159-7	2020	NHE3 and NBCe1 proteins were upregulated in response to NH4Cl loading but not to ACTZ treatment and were rather sharply downregulated after 2 weeks of ACTZ treatment.	Ammonium Chloride	56-61	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
32808511-10	2020	Treatment with NH4Cl significantly reduced these changes to levels similar to those of sham-treated mice, with a concomitant reduction of Slc26a4 proteins in lung lysates and SCN- levels in BALF.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	138-145
32818510-6	2020	Increasing pHi with NH4Cl also increased lactate production in BF or BR, indicating that the increased lactate production in BR is not due to HCO3- itself.	Ammonium Chloride	20-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	11-14
32808511-12	2020	NH4Cl treatment also significantly attenuated the O3-induced increases in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-1beta, and p20-activated caspase-1.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	74-83
32808511-12	2020	NH4Cl treatment also significantly attenuated the O3-induced increases in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-1beta, and p20-activated caspase-1.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	85-94
32808511-12	2020	NH4Cl treatment also significantly attenuated the O3-induced increases in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-1beta, and p20-activated caspase-1.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	96-101
32808511-12	2020	NH4Cl treatment also significantly attenuated the O3-induced increases in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-1beta, and p20-activated caspase-1.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	103-111
32808511-12	2020	NH4Cl treatment also significantly attenuated the O3-induced increases in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-1beta, and p20-activated caspase-1.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	117-120
32808511-12	2020	NH4Cl treatment also significantly attenuated the O3-induced increases in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-1beta, and p20-activated caspase-1.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	caspase 1	Mus musculus	131-140
32808511-14	2020	NH4Cl shows a potential as a therapeutic agent for controlling O3-induced airway inflammation and epithelial damage by modulating Slc26a4 expression.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	130-137
31945259-6	2020	PC7-induced degradation of apoA-V is inhibited by bafilomycin-A1, and the alkalinizing agents: chloroquine and NH4 Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	111-117	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7	Homo sapiens	0-3
31945259-6	2020	PC7-induced degradation of apoA-V is inhibited by bafilomycin-A1, and the alkalinizing agents: chloroquine and NH4 Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	111-117	apolipoprotein A5	Homo sapiens	27-33
31316178-7	2020	The lysosome inhibitor, NH4Cl, could reverse the anti-CML effects of LW-213 including CDK9 degradation and apoptosis.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	cyclin dependent kinase 9	Homo sapiens	86-90
32374155-3	2020	To accelerate water removal and gas permeation, ammonium chloride was utilized to improve the porous structure of MPL.	Ammonium Chloride	48-65	MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	114-117
31874233-7	2020	Changes in pHi recovery due to intracellular acidification and alkalization induced by NH4Cl prepulse and Na-acetate prepulse, respectively, were detected by microspectrofluorimetry with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF.	Ammonium Chloride	87-92	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	11-14
32068765-6	2020	We first considered the direct chlorination of NiS by Cl2, which was suggested to form by the reaction between NH4Cl and SO3 catalyzed by a metal oxide.	Ammonium Chloride	111-116	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	54-57
32657159-6	2020	Immunoblotting studies showed that the protein abundance of GA (4-fold), GDH (6-fold) and SN1 (8-fold) increased significantly in NH4Cl loaded rats, but remained unchanged in ACTZ-treated animals.	Ammonium Chloride	130-135	solute carrier family 38, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
32662244-6	2020	Blocking lysosomal proteases with leupeptin and ammonium chloride resulted in the accumulation of p16 within lysosomes and increased total p16 levels suggesting that p16 is degraded by this pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	48-65	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	98-101
32662244-6	2020	Blocking lysosomal proteases with leupeptin and ammonium chloride resulted in the accumulation of p16 within lysosomes and increased total p16 levels suggesting that p16 is degraded by this pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	48-65	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	139-142
32662244-6	2020	Blocking lysosomal proteases with leupeptin and ammonium chloride resulted in the accumulation of p16 within lysosomes and increased total p16 levels suggesting that p16 is degraded by this pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	48-65	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	139-142
32721020-7	2020	Reduced Na+-dependent HCO3- transport activity and altered NH4Cl-induced membrane potential changes were observed in Slc4a11-/- MCEnC.	Ammonium Chloride	59-64	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter-like, member 11	Mus musculus	117-124
32188273-9	2020	Impairment of lysosome function (incubation with NH4Cl or knockdown of the lysosomal proteins LAMP1 or RAB7) abolished the effect of TMEM55B knockdown on LDLR in HepG2 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	49-54	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	133-140
32188273-9	2020	Impairment of lysosome function (incubation with NH4Cl or knockdown of the lysosomal proteins LAMP1 or RAB7) abolished the effect of TMEM55B knockdown on LDLR in HepG2 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	49-54	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	154-158
32146621-4	2020	The comparison of the levels of reduced glutathione and 2.3-bisphosphoglicerate and activities of 5"-nucleotidase and Ca2+- and Na/K-ATPases attested to more rigorous control of the mechanism of oxygen delivery to tissues by erythrocytes after administration of ammonium chloride in a dose of 20 mg/kg.	Ammonium Chloride	262-279	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	98-113
31316178-8	2020	LW-213 treatment also degraded the downstream proteins of BCR-ABL1, such as oncoproteins AKT, STAT3/5 in CML cells, which was blocked by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	137-142	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	58-66
31316178-8	2020	LW-213 treatment also degraded the downstream proteins of BCR-ABL1, such as oncoproteins AKT, STAT3/5 in CML cells, which was blocked by NH4Cl.	Ammonium Chloride	137-142	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	94-101
30843237-2	2019	When compared with mice that are highly repopulated with CPS1-proficient human hepatocytes, mice that are repopulated with CPS1-deficient human hepatocytes exhibited characteristic symptoms of human CPS1 deficiency including an 80% reduction in CPS1 metabolic activity, delayed clearance of an ammonium chloride infusion, elevated glutamine and glutamate levels, and impaired metabolism of [15 N]ammonium chloride into urea, with no other obvious phenotypic differences.	Ammonium Chloride	294-311	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
30843237-2	2019	When compared with mice that are highly repopulated with CPS1-proficient human hepatocytes, mice that are repopulated with CPS1-deficient human hepatocytes exhibited characteristic symptoms of human CPS1 deficiency including an 80% reduction in CPS1 metabolic activity, delayed clearance of an ammonium chloride infusion, elevated glutamine and glutamate levels, and impaired metabolism of [15 N]ammonium chloride into urea, with no other obvious phenotypic differences.	Ammonium Chloride	294-311	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	123-127
31279900-4	2019	Mechanisms and functional consequences of HO1 upregulation were studied in NH4Cl-exposed astrocytes in vitro by western blot, qPCR and super-resolution microscopy.	Ammonium Chloride	75-80	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
31279900-8	2019	NH4Cl, glucosamine (GlcN) and inhibition of miR326-3p upregulated Nox4, while knockdown of Nox4, GS, GFAT1/2, HO1 or iron chelation prevented NH4Cl-induced RNA oxidation and astrocyte senescence.	Ammonium Chloride	142-147	glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1	Homo sapiens	101-108
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	111-118
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	120-124
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6	Mus musculus	127-134
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6	Mus musculus	136-140
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 19	Mus musculus	143-151
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 19	Mus musculus	153-157
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 12	Mus musculus	165-173
32062662-8	2020	RESULTS: NH4Cl induced no significant changes in plasma or urine uric acid levels but caused downregulation of Slc22a1 (Oct1), Slc22a6 (Oat1), Slc22a19 (Oat5), and -Slc22a12 (Urat1) at mRNA level.	Ammonium Chloride	9-14	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 12	Mus musculus	175-180
32062662-10	2020	On protein level, NH4Cl increased Octn1 (after 7 days) and Urat1 (after 2 days) abundance and decreased Oat1 (after 2 days) and Urat1 (after 7 days).	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	34-39
32062662-10	2020	On protein level, NH4Cl increased Octn1 (after 7 days) and Urat1 (after 2 days) abundance and decreased Oat1 (after 2 days) and Urat1 (after 7 days).	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 12	Mus musculus	59-64
32062662-10	2020	On protein level, NH4Cl increased Octn1 (after 7 days) and Urat1 (after 2 days) abundance and decreased Oat1 (after 2 days) and Urat1 (after 7 days).	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6	Mus musculus	104-108
32062662-10	2020	On protein level, NH4Cl increased Octn1 (after 7 days) and Urat1 (after 2 days) abundance and decreased Oat1 (after 2 days) and Urat1 (after 7 days).	Ammonium Chloride	18-23	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 12	Mus musculus	128-133
32198338-1	2019	It was found that mesoporous graphite carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) prepared using melamine as the precursor and ammonium chloride as the bubble template, has good photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.	Ammonium Chloride	109-126	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	54-57
30843237-2	2019	When compared with mice that are highly repopulated with CPS1-proficient human hepatocytes, mice that are repopulated with CPS1-deficient human hepatocytes exhibited characteristic symptoms of human CPS1 deficiency including an 80% reduction in CPS1 metabolic activity, delayed clearance of an ammonium chloride infusion, elevated glutamine and glutamate levels, and impaired metabolism of [15 N]ammonium chloride into urea, with no other obvious phenotypic differences.	Ammonium Chloride	294-311	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
30843237-2	2019	When compared with mice that are highly repopulated with CPS1-proficient human hepatocytes, mice that are repopulated with CPS1-deficient human hepatocytes exhibited characteristic symptoms of human CPS1 deficiency including an 80% reduction in CPS1 metabolic activity, delayed clearance of an ammonium chloride infusion, elevated glutamine and glutamate levels, and impaired metabolism of [15 N]ammonium chloride into urea, with no other obvious phenotypic differences.	Ammonium Chloride	396-413	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	123-127
30843237-2	2019	When compared with mice that are highly repopulated with CPS1-proficient human hepatocytes, mice that are repopulated with CPS1-deficient human hepatocytes exhibited characteristic symptoms of human CPS1 deficiency including an 80% reduction in CPS1 metabolic activity, delayed clearance of an ammonium chloride infusion, elevated glutamine and glutamate levels, and impaired metabolism of [15 N]ammonium chloride into urea, with no other obvious phenotypic differences.	Ammonium Chloride	396-413	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
30843237-2	2019	When compared with mice that are highly repopulated with CPS1-proficient human hepatocytes, mice that are repopulated with CPS1-deficient human hepatocytes exhibited characteristic symptoms of human CPS1 deficiency including an 80% reduction in CPS1 metabolic activity, delayed clearance of an ammonium chloride infusion, elevated glutamine and glutamate levels, and impaired metabolism of [15 N]ammonium chloride into urea, with no other obvious phenotypic differences.	Ammonium Chloride	396-413	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
31481238-3	2019	The results showed that NH4Cl concentration-dependently increased the protein level of HIF-1alpha and enhanced the transactivation activity of HIF-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	87-97
31481238-3	2019	The results showed that NH4Cl concentration-dependently increased the protein level of HIF-1alpha and enhanced the transactivation activity of HIF-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells.	Ammonium Chloride	24-29	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	87-92
31481238-4	2019	In addition, NH4Cl increased the expression of GluT1 and LDHA and promoted aerobic glycolysis by activating the HIF-1 pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
31481238-4	2019	In addition, NH4Cl increased the expression of GluT1 and LDHA and promoted aerobic glycolysis by activating the HIF-1 pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	57-61
31481238-4	2019	In addition, NH4Cl increased the expression of GluT1 and LDHA and promoted aerobic glycolysis by activating the HIF-1 pathway.	Ammonium Chloride	13-18	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	112-117
31481238-6	2019	Activation of the HIF-1 pathway induced by NH4Cl was inhibited by addition of the antioxidant NAC or the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor apocynin, indicating the involvement of the NOX-induced ROS generation.	Ammonium Chloride	43-48	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	18-23
31481238-6	2019	Activation of the HIF-1 pathway induced by NH4Cl was inhibited by addition of the antioxidant NAC or the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor apocynin, indicating the involvement of the NOX-induced ROS generation.	Ammonium Chloride	43-48	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	94-97
31481238-8	2019	In conclusion, NH4Cl activated the HIF-1 signaling pathway and promoted aerobic glycolysis in MDA-MB-231 cells, likely through the promotion of mitochondrial ROS release and mitochondrial uncoupling.	Ammonium Chloride	15-20	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	35-40
31310755-10	2019	The pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2, JNK, and AMPK potentiated the cytotoxicity of chloroquine, ammonium chloride, and bafilomycin, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	101-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	34-40
31572187-5	2019	In the current study, we found that DNA methylation, histone methylation, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) were impaired by NH4Cl and/or Na2S in F0, F1, and F2 mouse testes.	Ammonium Chloride	129-134	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	78-101
31572187-5	2019	In the current study, we found that DNA methylation, histone methylation, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) were impaired by NH4Cl and/or Na2S in F0, F1, and F2 mouse testes.	Ammonium Chloride	129-134	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	103-110
31572187-8	2019	These data together indicate that the transgenerational disruption in spermatogenesis by NH4Cl and/or Na2S may be through ERalpha-related DNA methylation and histone methylation pathways.	Ammonium Chloride	89-94	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	122-129
31502579-0	2019	Down-regulation effects of IFN-alpha on p11, 5-htr1b and 5-HTR4 protein levels were affected by NH4CL or MG132 treatment in SH-sy5y cells.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	27-36
31502579-0	2019	Down-regulation effects of IFN-alpha on p11, 5-htr1b and 5-HTR4 protein levels were affected by NH4CL or MG132 treatment in SH-sy5y cells.	Ammonium Chloride	96-101	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
31502579-5	2019	NH4Cl but not MG132 could reverse the protein level of p11 in IFN-alpha-treated SH-sy5y cells.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	endonuclease, poly(U) specific	Homo sapiens	55-58
31502579-5	2019	NH4Cl but not MG132 could reverse the protein level of p11 in IFN-alpha-treated SH-sy5y cells.	Ammonium Chloride	0-5	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	62-71
31310755-5	2019	Ammonium chloride additionally increased the mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic Bim and p53.	Ammonium Chloride	0-17	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	86-89
31310755-7	2019	Chloroquine and ammonium chloride additionally stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively, while only bafilomycin increased the phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Ammonium Chloride	16-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	81-118
31310755-7	2019	Chloroquine and ammonium chloride additionally stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively, while only bafilomycin increased the phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Ammonium Chloride	16-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	120-123
31310755-7	2019	Chloroquine and ammonium chloride additionally stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively, while only bafilomycin increased the phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Ammonium Chloride	16-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	129-152
31310755-7	2019	Chloroquine and ammonium chloride additionally stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively, while only bafilomycin increased the phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Ammonium Chloride	16-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	154-157
31310755-9	2019	p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reduced the cytotoxicity of bafilomycin but increased that of chloroquine and ammonium chloride.	Ammonium Chloride	106-123	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	0-8
31310755-10	2019	The pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2, JNK, and AMPK potentiated the cytotoxicity of chloroquine, ammonium chloride, and bafilomycin, respectively.	Ammonium Chloride	101-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	42-45
31214276-7	2019	Further, we found that the reduced tyrosinase activity of melanocytes treated with VC or its derivatives could be reactivated following intracellular neutralization induced by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or concanamycin A (Con A).	Ammonium Chloride	176-193	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	35-45
31214276-7	2019	Further, we found that the reduced tyrosinase activity of melanocytes treated with VC or its derivatives could be reactivated following intracellular neutralization induced by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or concanamycin A (Con A).	Ammonium Chloride	195-200	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	35-45
30639310-10	2019	In vitro data showed that NH4Cl increased reactive oxygen species, membrane expression and function of P-gp as well as phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels in HCMEC/D3.	Ammonium Chloride	26-31	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
30639310-10	2019	In vitro data showed that NH4Cl increased reactive oxygen species, membrane expression and function of P-gp as well as phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels in HCMEC/D3.	Ammonium Chloride	26-31	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
30639310-11	2019	The NH4Cl-induced alterations were reversed by reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126.	Ammonium Chloride	4-9	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	102-108