PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 17530439-2 2008 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate (HMBPP) reductase (HDR) is proved to be the terminal-acting enzyme in the plastid MEP pathway which provides isoprenoid precursors for the biosynthesis of ginkgolides. Ginkgolides 202-213 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 66-69 17647269-0 2008 Ginkgolides protect PC12 cells against hypoxia-induced injury by p42/p44 MAPK pathway-dependent upregulation of HIF-1alpha expression and HIF-1DNA-binding activity. Ginkgolides 0-11 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 69-72 17647269-0 2008 Ginkgolides protect PC12 cells against hypoxia-induced injury by p42/p44 MAPK pathway-dependent upregulation of HIF-1alpha expression and HIF-1DNA-binding activity. Ginkgolides 0-11 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 17647269-0 2008 Ginkgolides protect PC12 cells against hypoxia-induced injury by p42/p44 MAPK pathway-dependent upregulation of HIF-1alpha expression and HIF-1DNA-binding activity. Ginkgolides 0-11 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 112-122 17647269-2 2008 In this study, we therefore investigated the effects of ginkgolides, the main constituent of the non-flavone fraction of EGb 761, on the content and activity of HIF-1alpha, a key factor to determine HIF-1 activity, in hypoxic PC12 cells induced by cobalt chloride. Ginkgolides 56-67 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 161-171 17647269-4 2008 The findings also strongly support our hypothesis that the protective role of ginkgolides is due to the up-regulation of HIF-1alpha protein expression and modification through the ginkgolides-induced activation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway. Ginkgolides 78-89 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 121-131 17647269-4 2008 The findings also strongly support our hypothesis that the protective role of ginkgolides is due to the up-regulation of HIF-1alpha protein expression and modification through the ginkgolides-induced activation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway. Ginkgolides 78-89 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 222-225 17647269-4 2008 The findings also strongly support our hypothesis that the protective role of ginkgolides is due to the up-regulation of HIF-1alpha protein expression and modification through the ginkgolides-induced activation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway. Ginkgolides 78-89 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 226-230 17647269-4 2008 The findings also strongly support our hypothesis that the protective role of ginkgolides is due to the up-regulation of HIF-1alpha protein expression and modification through the ginkgolides-induced activation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway. Ginkgolides 180-191 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 121-131 17647269-4 2008 The findings also strongly support our hypothesis that the protective role of ginkgolides is due to the up-regulation of HIF-1alpha protein expression and modification through the ginkgolides-induced activation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway. Ginkgolides 180-191 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 222-225 17647269-4 2008 The findings also strongly support our hypothesis that the protective role of ginkgolides is due to the up-regulation of HIF-1alpha protein expression and modification through the ginkgolides-induced activation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway. Ginkgolides 180-191 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 226-230 18054269-0 2008 Ginkgolides mimic the effects of hypoxic preconditioning to protect C6 cells against ischemic injury by up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and erythropoietin. Ginkgolides 0-11 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 121-153 18054269-0 2008 Ginkgolides mimic the effects of hypoxic preconditioning to protect C6 cells against ischemic injury by up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and erythropoietin. Ginkgolides 0-11 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 158-172 18054269-4 2008 We demonstrated that both ginkgolides (37.5microg/mL) and hypoxia (1% O(2) for 16h) can significantly increase cell viabilities and expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (p-GSK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO) in ischemic cells. Ginkgolides 26-37 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 249-254 18054269-4 2008 We demonstrated that both ginkgolides (37.5microg/mL) and hypoxia (1% O(2) for 16h) can significantly increase cell viabilities and expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (p-GSK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO) in ischemic cells. Ginkgolides 26-37 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 291-301 18054269-4 2008 We demonstrated that both ginkgolides (37.5microg/mL) and hypoxia (1% O(2) for 16h) can significantly increase cell viabilities and expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (p-GSK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO) in ischemic cells. Ginkgolides 26-37 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 257-289 17581220-8 2007 Compared with the vehicle control, ginkgolides A and B, at 30 micromol/L, significantly induced CYP3A protein expression (2.1- and 2-fold, respectively; both P < 0.01) and markedly induced CYP3A-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (2.5-fold each; P < 0.05 for ginkgolide A; P > 0.05 for ginkgolide B). Ginkgolides 35-46 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 96-101 18054269-4 2008 We demonstrated that both ginkgolides (37.5microg/mL) and hypoxia (1% O(2) for 16h) can significantly increase cell viabilities and expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (p-GSK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO) in ischemic cells. Ginkgolides 26-37 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 307-321 18054269-4 2008 We demonstrated that both ginkgolides (37.5microg/mL) and hypoxia (1% O(2) for 16h) can significantly increase cell viabilities and expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (p-GSK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO) in ischemic cells. Ginkgolides 26-37 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 323-326 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 21-32 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 97-107 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 21-32 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 138-141 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 21-32 cyclin dependent kinase 20 Homo sapiens 250-253 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 21-32 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha Homo sapiens 295-325 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 21-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 326-329 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 21-32 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 330-360 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 155-166 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 97-107 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 155-166 cyclin dependent kinase 20 Homo sapiens 250-253 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 155-166 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha Homo sapiens 295-325 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 155-166 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 326-329 18054269-6 2008 These indicated that ginkgolides could mimic hypoxic preconditioning by increasing expression of HIF-1alpha as well as its target protein EPO and that the ginkgolides and hypoxic preconditioning role might be partly mediated by the activation of the p42/p44-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathways. Ginkgolides 155-166 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 330-360 17662966-0 2007 Up-regulation of HIF-1alpha expression induced by ginkgolides in hypoxic neurons. Ginkgolides 50-61 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 17-27 17662966-4 2007 In this study, we therefore investigated the effects of ginkgolides on the expression of HIF-1alpha, the cell viability and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the hypoxic cortical neuron. Ginkgolides 56-67 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 89-99 17662966-5 2007 We demonstrated that ginkgolides significantly increase the expression of HIF-1alpha and the cell viability as well as decrease the release of LDH in the hypoxic neuron. Ginkgolides 21-32 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 74-84 17662966-6 2007 The findings suggested that the neuroprotective role of ginkgolides against hypoxia-induced injury might be associated with its role to up-regulate the expression of HIF-1alpha in the hypoxic neurons. Ginkgolides 56-67 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 166-176 21180125-0 2007 [Expression of HIF-1alpha induced by ginkgolides in primary cultured cortical neurons and the relationship with ERK signal pathway]. Ginkgolides 37-48 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 15-25 21180125-1 2007 AIM: To study the effects of ginkgolides (Gin) on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (H1F-1alpha) in primary cultured cortical neurons treated with CoCl2 and the relationship with ERK signal pathway. Ginkgolides 29-40 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 68-99 21180125-1 2007 AIM: To study the effects of ginkgolides (Gin) on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (H1F-1alpha) in primary cultured cortical neurons treated with CoCl2 and the relationship with ERK signal pathway. Ginkgolides 42-45 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 68-99 21180125-3 2007 The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK of neurons induced by CoCl2 pretreated with Gin were assessed by Western-blot. Ginkgolides 83-86 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 18-28 21180125-3 2007 The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK of neurons induced by CoCl2 pretreated with Gin were assessed by Western-blot. Ginkgolides 83-86 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 33-38 21180125-7 2007 The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased strikingly when treated with CoCl2 for 4 h. The levels of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased even more in the neurons pretreated with Gin for 24 h before CoCl2. Ginkgolides 179-182 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 18-28 21180125-7 2007 The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased strikingly when treated with CoCl2 for 4 h. The levels of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased even more in the neurons pretreated with Gin for 24 h before CoCl2. Ginkgolides 179-182 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 21180125-7 2007 The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased strikingly when treated with CoCl2 for 4 h. The levels of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased even more in the neurons pretreated with Gin for 24 h before CoCl2. Ginkgolides 179-182 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 107-117 21180125-7 2007 The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased strikingly when treated with CoCl2 for 4 h. The levels of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased even more in the neurons pretreated with Gin for 24 h before CoCl2. Ginkgolides 179-182 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 21180125-9 2007 CONCLUSION: Gin has protective effects on neurons damaged by CoCl2 which might be related to the increase of the level of HIF-1alpha and the activation of ERK signal pathway. Ginkgolides 12-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 122-132 21180125-9 2007 CONCLUSION: Gin has protective effects on neurons damaged by CoCl2 which might be related to the increase of the level of HIF-1alpha and the activation of ERK signal pathway. Ginkgolides 12-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 155-158 18036326-5 2007 The molecular mechanism of Ginkgolides induced ischemic tolerance was pinpointedby analyzing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO). Ginkgolides 27-38 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 111-143 18036326-5 2007 The molecular mechanism of Ginkgolides induced ischemic tolerance was pinpointedby analyzing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO). Ginkgolides 27-38 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 145-155 18036326-5 2007 The molecular mechanism of Ginkgolides induced ischemic tolerance was pinpointedby analyzing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO). Ginkgolides 27-38 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 161-175 18036326-5 2007 The molecular mechanism of Ginkgolides induced ischemic tolerance was pinpointedby analyzing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietin (EPO). Ginkgolides 27-38 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 177-180 18036326-10 2007 At molecular level, the expression of HIF-1alpha was greatly induced by Ginkgolides treatment after compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Ginkgolides 72-83 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 38-48 17581220-8 2007 Compared with the vehicle control, ginkgolides A and B, at 30 micromol/L, significantly induced CYP3A protein expression (2.1- and 2-fold, respectively; both P < 0.01) and markedly induced CYP3A-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (2.5-fold each; P < 0.05 for ginkgolide A; P > 0.05 for ginkgolide B). Ginkgolides 35-46 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 192-197 11475535-11 2000 With regard to its "anti-stress" effect, EGb 761 acts via its ginkgolide constituents to decrease the expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) of the adrenal cortex. Ginkgolides 62-72 translocator protein Homo sapiens 120-154 17543184-7 2007 CONCLUSIONS: The Ginkgolide B is the most potent antagonist of platelet activating factor (PAF) and exhibits therapeutic action in a variety of diseases mainly by the PAF receptor. Ginkgolides 17-27 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 91-94 17543184-7 2007 CONCLUSIONS: The Ginkgolide B is the most potent antagonist of platelet activating factor (PAF) and exhibits therapeutic action in a variety of diseases mainly by the PAF receptor. Ginkgolides 17-27 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 167-170 16161431-0 2005 [Effects of ginkgolides on gene expression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in rats]. Ginkgolides 12-23 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-70 16161431-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ginkgolides on gene expression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in rats. Ginkgolides 37-48 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-95 16161431-5 2005 CYP1A1 mRNA was not dectectable in the livers of untreated control rats and ginkgolides-treated rats. Ginkgolides 76-87 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-6 16161431-8 2005 CONCLUSION: A specific effect of ginkgolides on cytochrome P-450 gene expression was observed in this investigation. Ginkgolides 33-44 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-64 16161431-9 2005 Ginkgolides had various effects on different cytochrome P-450 isoforms. Ginkgolides 0-11 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-61 15598554-1 2005 Ginkgolides, isolated from ginkgo balba leaves, were found to be powerful as natural antagonists of human platelet activating factor (PAF) in treatment of some diseases such as acute inflammation, tissue rejection, asthma, and ischemic injury. Ginkgolides 0-11 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 106-132 15598554-1 2005 Ginkgolides, isolated from ginkgo balba leaves, were found to be powerful as natural antagonists of human platelet activating factor (PAF) in treatment of some diseases such as acute inflammation, tissue rejection, asthma, and ischemic injury. Ginkgolides 0-11 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 134-137 15598554-4 2005 CoMFA, CoMSIA, and HQSAR, were used to investigate the relationship between 117 ginkgolide analogues with great structural diversity and their bioactivities against PAF receptor. Ginkgolides 80-90 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 165-168 15598554-8 2005 The possible binding mechanism between ginkgolides and human PAF receptor was also deduced based on the QSAR models. Ginkgolides 39-50 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 61-64 15693702-0 2005 Inhibition of platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced aggregation of human thrombocytes by ginkgolides: considerations on possible bleeding complications after oral intake of Ginkgo biloba extracts. Ginkgolides 92-103 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 42-45 15693702-4 2005 Although a clear causality between Ginkgo intake and bleeding could not be established, these observations have generally been explained by the platelet-activating factor (PAF)-antagonistic action of ginkgolides, which represent characteristic constituents of Ginkgo extracts. Ginkgolides 200-211 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 172-175 14568560-6 2004 We have studied the effects of ginkgolides B and J on LTP induced in the CA1 area of rat hippocampus. Ginkgolides 31-42 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-76 11226385-0 2001 Inhibition by ginkgolides and bilobalide of the production of nitric oxide in macrophages (THP-1) but not in endothelial cells (HUVEC). Ginkgolides 14-25 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 91-96 17552164-5 2007 Ginkgolides could up-regulate Bcl-2 and down-regulate Bax and c-myc at 12 h, respectively. Ginkgolides 0-11 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 30-35 17552164-5 2007 Ginkgolides could up-regulate Bcl-2 and down-regulate Bax and c-myc at 12 h, respectively. Ginkgolides 0-11 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 54-57 17552164-5 2007 Ginkgolides could up-regulate Bcl-2 and down-regulate Bax and c-myc at 12 h, respectively. Ginkgolides 0-11 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 62-67 17552164-11 2007 After that, ginkgolides seems inhibit the apoptosis through attenuating the elevation of c-myc. Ginkgolides 12-23 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 89-94 16805834-2 2006 We sought to identify their binding sites by comparing the effects of ginkgolides A, B and C and bilobalide on alpha1, alpha2, alpha1beta and alpha2beta GlyRs. Ginkgolides 70-81 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 111-117 16805834-8 2006 In addition, the alpha1 subunit T6"F mutation abolished inhibition by all ginkgolides. Ginkgolides 74-85 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 17-23 16805834-10 2006 This identified an interaction between the variable R2 position of the ginkgolides and the 2" residues of both alpha1 and beta subunits. Ginkgolides 71-82 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 111-126 16716609-0 2006 Effects of Ginkgolide on the development of NOS and AChE positive neurons in the embryonic basal forebrain. Ginkgolides 11-21 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 52-56 16046065-3 2005 In the present study, we investigated the effects of cytokines, trophic factors of developmental striatum and Ginkgolide on differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) into TH-ir neurons. Ginkgolides 110-120 tyrosine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 180-182 21158113-0 2004 [Effect of ginkgolides on gene expression of HIF-1alpha in primary cultured neurons]. Ginkgolides 11-22 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 45-55 21158113-1 2004 AIM: To study the effects of ginkgolides (Gin) on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1alpha) in hypoxic/ischemic neurons. Ginkgolides 29-40 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 96-106 21158113-1 2004 AIM: To study the effects of ginkgolides (Gin) on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1alpha) in hypoxic/ischemic neurons. Ginkgolides 42-45 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 96-106 21158113-2 2004 METHODS: The gene expression of HIF-1alpha pretreated with or without Gin (37.5 microg/ml) was observed by RT-PCR on primary cultured cortical neurons in the condition of hypoxia and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Ginkgolides 70-73 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 32-42 21158113-6 2004 The expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA decreased with the deprivation of both oxygen and glucose, which reversed after the pretreatment of Gin. Ginkgolides 134-137 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 18-28 21158113-7 2004 CONCLUSION: Gin could increase the expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA in hypoxic/ischemic cortical neurons. Ginkgolides 12-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 49-59 12778742-7 2003 At the final concentration of 0.01-10 mumol.L-1, ginkgolide B decreased the release of beta-glucuronidase in PMNs induced by 1 mumol.L-1 PAF in dose-dependent manner. Ginkgolides 49-59 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 137-140 11475535-11 2000 With regard to its "anti-stress" effect, EGb 761 acts via its ginkgolide constituents to decrease the expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) of the adrenal cortex. Ginkgolides 62-72 translocator protein Homo sapiens 156-159 10575089-3 1999 Pretreatment of the cells with isolated ginkgolides, the anti-oxidant component of Ginkgo biloba leaves, or vitamin E, prevented the Abeta-induced increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ginkgolides 40-51 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 133-138 10575089-4 1999 Ginkgolides, but not vitamin E, inhibited the Abeta-induced HNE modification of mitochondrial proteins. Ginkgolides 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 46-51 34855657-0 2021 Use of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine Injection to Regulate Plasma Levels of PAI-1 and t-PA in Patients With Acute Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction. Ginkgolides 17-28 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 78-83 8940403-0 1996 In vivo regulation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and glucocorticoid synthesis by Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 and isolated ginkgolides. Ginkgolides 137-148 translocator protein Rattus norvegicus 22-61 8940403-7 1996 Because ginkgolides reduced the adrenal PBR expression and corticosterone synthesis despite the presence of high levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, these data demonstrate that PBR is indispensable for normal adrenal function. Ginkgolides 8-19 translocator protein Rattus norvegicus 40-43 8940403-7 1996 Because ginkgolides reduced the adrenal PBR expression and corticosterone synthesis despite the presence of high levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, these data demonstrate that PBR is indispensable for normal adrenal function. Ginkgolides 8-19 translocator protein Rattus norvegicus 191-194 1438589-5 1992 The known PAF antagonist ginkgolide BN 52021 was used as a positive control and had an IC50 of 0.034 mg/ml. Ginkgolides 25-35 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 10-13 34944919-0 2021 Ginkgolide B Regulates CDDP Chemoresistance in Oral Cancer via the Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Pathway. Ginkgolides 0-10 platelet activating factor receptor Homo sapiens 67-102 1881152-3 1991 Studies in animal models with the most potent ginkgolide, BN 52021, and other specific PAF antagonists have demonstrated that PAF plays an important role in pathologies such as asthma, shock, ischemia, anaphylaxis, graft rejection, renal disease, CNS disorders and numerous inflammatory conditions. Ginkgolides 46-56 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 126-129 1881152-5 1991 In addition to ginkgolides, several other types of natural PAF antagonists have been identified from various medicinal plants. Ginkgolides 15-26 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 59-62 34463942-9 2021 Simultaneously, EGb761 and its monomer component ginkgolides inhibited the post-ischemic LTP (i-LTP) by inhibiting the EPSCs and the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 expression on postsynaptic membrane. Ginkgolides 49-60 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 155-160 34855657-0 2021 Use of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine Injection to Regulate Plasma Levels of PAI-1 and t-PA in Patients With Acute Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction. Ginkgolides 17-28 plasminogen activator, tissue type Homo sapiens 88-92 34855657-1 2021 BACKGROUND: To: (i) explore the effect of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI) on neurological deficit symptoms in acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (AACI) patients; (ii) measure the level of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Ginkgolides 52-63 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 219-258 34855657-1 2021 BACKGROUND: To: (i) explore the effect of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI) on neurological deficit symptoms in acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (AACI) patients; (ii) measure the level of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Ginkgolides 52-63 plasminogen activator, tissue type Homo sapiens 263-297 34080024-0 2021 Ginkgolide J protects human synovial cells SW982 via suppression of p38-dependent production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Ginkgolides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 68-71 2880069-0 1987 Effect of a ginkgolide mixture (BN 52063) in antagonising skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man. Ginkgolides 12-22 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 89-115 34080648-0 2021 Ginkgolide B-mediated therapeutic effects on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction are associated with the inhibition of iNOS-mediated production of NO. Ginkgolides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 124-128 34220511-0 2021 Ginkgolide B Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats With Vascular Dementia by Reducing Neuroinflammation via Regulating NF-kappaB Pathway. Ginkgolides 0-10 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 131-140 34121855-5 2021 Combination of aspirin and ginkgolide injection could better reduce brain water content, reduce apoptosis rate of cortical cells P < 0.05, reduce expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and p-REK1/2 proteins in ischemic brain tissue P < 0.05, and increase expression level of Bcl-2 protein than aspirin and ginkgolide injection alone P < 0.05). Ginkgolides 27-37 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 167-176 34121855-5 2021 Combination of aspirin and ginkgolide injection could better reduce brain water content, reduce apoptosis rate of cortical cells P < 0.05, reduce expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and p-REK1/2 proteins in ischemic brain tissue P < 0.05, and increase expression level of Bcl-2 protein than aspirin and ginkgolide injection alone P < 0.05). Ginkgolides 27-37 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 178-181 34121855-5 2021 Combination of aspirin and ginkgolide injection could better reduce brain water content, reduce apoptosis rate of cortical cells P < 0.05, reduce expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and p-REK1/2 proteins in ischemic brain tissue P < 0.05, and increase expression level of Bcl-2 protein than aspirin and ginkgolide injection alone P < 0.05). Ginkgolides 27-37 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 272-277 35513225-0 2022 Ginkgolide B targets and inhibits creatine kinase B to regulate the CCT/TRiC-SK1 axis and exerts pro-angiogenic activity in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice. Ginkgolides 0-10 creatine kinase, brain Mus musculus 34-51 35513225-0 2022 Ginkgolide B targets and inhibits creatine kinase B to regulate the CCT/TRiC-SK1 axis and exerts pro-angiogenic activity in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice. Ginkgolides 0-10 t-complex protein 1 Mus musculus 68-71 35513225-0 2022 Ginkgolide B targets and inhibits creatine kinase B to regulate the CCT/TRiC-SK1 axis and exerts pro-angiogenic activity in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice. Ginkgolides 0-10 t-complex protein 1 Mus musculus 72-76 35513225-0 2022 Ginkgolide B targets and inhibits creatine kinase B to regulate the CCT/TRiC-SK1 axis and exerts pro-angiogenic activity in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice. Ginkgolides 0-10 skin antigen 1 Mus musculus 77-80 35367419-0 2022 Ginkgolide A alleviates cardiac remodeling in mice with myocardial infarction via binding to matrix metalloproteinase-9 to attenuate inflammation. Ginkgolides 0-10 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 93-119 35129804-0 2022 Protective Effects of Ginkgolide on a Cellular Model of Alzheimer"s Disease via Suppression of the NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway. Ginkgolides 22-32 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 99-108 35129804-2 2022 The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ginkgolide on cell viability in an AD cellular model involving an APP/PS1 double gene-transfected HEK293 cell line (APP/PS1-HEK293) and further explore the mechanisms of action related to NF-kappaB signaling. Ginkgolides 59-69 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 247-256 35129804-5 2022 APP/PS1-HEK293 cells exhibited the highest cell viability at a concentration of 100 microg/ml after 48 h of treatment with ginkgolide. Ginkgolides 123-133 taste 2 receptor member 62 pseudogene Homo sapiens 4-7 35129804-6 2022 The supernatant levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the high-dosage ginkgolide-treated groups were lower than those in the control group. Ginkgolides 75-85 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 26-35 35129804-6 2022 The supernatant levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the high-dosage ginkgolide-treated groups were lower than those in the control group. Ginkgolides 75-85 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 35129804-6 2022 The supernatant levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the high-dosage ginkgolide-treated groups were lower than those in the control group. Ginkgolides 75-85 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 51-55 35129804-8 2022 Ginkgolide may enhance cell viability, indicative of its neuroprotective effects on AD, at least partially via suppression of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway involving anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation mechanisms. Ginkgolides 0-10 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 130-139 35191821-0 2022 Statement of Retraction: Hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is restricted by ginkgolide B-downregulated microRNA-29. Ginkgolides 86-96 microRNA 29a Homo sapiens 113-124 35279613-0 2022 Extracts of Ginkgo flavonoids and ginkgolides improve cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signalling pathway and multicomponent in vivo processes. Ginkgolides 34-45 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-112 35279613-0 2022 Extracts of Ginkgo flavonoids and ginkgolides improve cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signalling pathway and multicomponent in vivo processes. Ginkgolides 34-45 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 113-117 35279613-13 2022 This result indicated that GF and GL might improve CIRI by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signalling pathway and promoting multicomponent interactions in vivo. Ginkgolides 34-36 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-82 35279613-13 2022 This result indicated that GF and GL might improve CIRI by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signalling pathway and promoting multicomponent interactions in vivo. Ginkgolides 34-36 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 2536413-0 1989 Inhibition of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced chemotaxis and PAF binding to human eosinophils and neutrophils by the specific ginkgolide-derived PAF antagonist, BN 52021. Ginkgolides 135-145 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 14-40 2536413-0 1989 Inhibition of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced chemotaxis and PAF binding to human eosinophils and neutrophils by the specific ginkgolide-derived PAF antagonist, BN 52021. Ginkgolides 135-145 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 42-45 2536413-0 1989 Inhibition of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced chemotaxis and PAF binding to human eosinophils and neutrophils by the specific ginkgolide-derived PAF antagonist, BN 52021. Ginkgolides 135-145 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 70-73 2536413-0 1989 Inhibition of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced chemotaxis and PAF binding to human eosinophils and neutrophils by the specific ginkgolide-derived PAF antagonist, BN 52021. Ginkgolides 135-145 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 70-73 2880069-1 1987 Antagonism of the effects of platelet activating factor (PAF) by the ginkgolide mixture BN 52063 was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 6 normal subjects. Ginkgolides 69-79 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 29-55 2880069-1 1987 Antagonism of the effects of platelet activating factor (PAF) by the ginkgolide mixture BN 52063 was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 6 normal subjects. Ginkgolides 69-79 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 57-60 33880582-0 2021 Ginkgolide B-induced AMPK pathway activation protects astrocytes by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and energy metabolism induced by Abeta1-42. Ginkgolides 0-10 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 33913406-7 2022 RESULTS: Results showed that phytochemicals like-Ginkgolides, Protopanaxatriol, Genistein, epigallocatechingallate, resveratrol, cassoside, and others possess Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) activity by various mechanisms. Ginkgolides 49-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 190-193 33557607-0 2021 Ginkgolide B promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and survival via Akt/CREB/bcl-2 signaling pathway after white matter lesion. Ginkgolides 0-10 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 86-89 33557607-0 2021 Ginkgolide B promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and survival via Akt/CREB/bcl-2 signaling pathway after white matter lesion. Ginkgolides 0-10 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 33557607-0 2021 Ginkgolide B promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and survival via Akt/CREB/bcl-2 signaling pathway after white matter lesion. Ginkgolides 0-10 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 95-100 33863532-9 2021 Furthermore, we also found that administration of ginkgolides significantly decreased the levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin-12 (IL)-12 in GBS patients. Ginkgolides 50-61 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 100-122 33863532-11 2021 Ginkgolides also suppressed inflammation response by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12, suggesting ginkgolides had potential therapeutic effects on GBS patients and EAN in the future. Ginkgolides 0-11 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 91-100 33863532-11 2021 Ginkgolides also suppressed inflammation response by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12, suggesting ginkgolides had potential therapeutic effects on GBS patients and EAN in the future. Ginkgolides 123-134 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 91-100 33341056-0 2021 Ginkgolide B treatment regulated intestinal flora to improve high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Ginkgolides 0-10 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 102-106 33452698-5 2021 Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Ginkgolides 27-37 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 95-98 33452698-5 2021 Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Ginkgolides 27-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 104-110 33452698-3 2021 In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, Ginkgolide B-activated PKA, Akt, and ERK1/2 as well as Src-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Ginkgolides 91-101 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 128-134 33452698-5 2021 Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Ginkgolides 27-37 prostaglandin E receptor 4 Homo sapiens 13-16 33452698-5 2021 Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Ginkgolides 27-37 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 49-52 33452698-5 2021 Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Ginkgolides 27-37 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 54-86 33452698-5 2021 Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Ginkgolides 27-37 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 88-92 33452698-6 2021 Moreover, Src inhibitor prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated EGFR transactivation and the downstream Akt and ERK1/2 activation, while the phosphorylation of PKA induced by Ginkgolide B was not affected, indicating Ginkgolide B might transactivate EGFR in a ligand-independent manner. Ginkgolides 34-44 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 10-13 33452698-6 2021 Moreover, Src inhibitor prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated EGFR transactivation and the downstream Akt and ERK1/2 activation, while the phosphorylation of PKA induced by Ginkgolide B was not affected, indicating Ginkgolide B might transactivate EGFR in a ligand-independent manner. Ginkgolides 34-44 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 56-60 33452698-7 2021 EP4 knockdown in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated infarct size reduction and neurological assessment improvement. Ginkgolides 79-89 prostaglandin E receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 32377729-0 2020 Ginkgolide B inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and attenuates cytotoxicity via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. Ginkgolides 0-10 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-113 32952955-11 2020 Further, ginkgolide B alleviated cardiac fibrosis by decreasing expression of TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA, and p-Smad2 and p-Smad3. Ginkgolides 9-19 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-87 32952955-11 2020 Further, ginkgolide B alleviated cardiac fibrosis by decreasing expression of TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA, and p-Smad2 and p-Smad3. Ginkgolides 9-19 SMAD family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 106-111 32952955-11 2020 Further, ginkgolide B alleviated cardiac fibrosis by decreasing expression of TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA, and p-Smad2 and p-Smad3. Ginkgolides 9-19 SMAD family member 3 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 32952955-12 2020 Meanwhile, ginkgolide B reduced Levels of p-P38, and p-JNK, and increased levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt. Ginkgolides 11-21 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 44-47 32952955-12 2020 Meanwhile, ginkgolide B reduced Levels of p-P38, and p-JNK, and increased levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt. Ginkgolides 11-21 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 55-58 32952955-12 2020 Meanwhile, ginkgolide B reduced Levels of p-P38, and p-JNK, and increased levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt. Ginkgolides 11-21 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-100 32521492-0 2020 Ginkgolide B attenuates myocardial infarction-induced depression-like behaviors via repressing IL-1beta in central nervous system. Ginkgolides 0-10 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 95-103 32377729-0 2020 Ginkgolide B inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and attenuates cytotoxicity via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. Ginkgolides 0-10 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 114-118 32484164-0 2020 Ginkgolide-Platinum(II) Complex GPt(II) Exhibits Therapeutic Effect on Depression in Mice via Upregulation of DA and 5-HT Neurotransmitters. Ginkgolides 0-10 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 32-35 32295500-9 2020 Specifically, ginkgolide B repressed Bax and cleaved caspase 3 while enhanced Bcl-2. Ginkgolides 14-24 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 37-40 32295500-9 2020 Specifically, ginkgolide B repressed Bax and cleaved caspase 3 while enhanced Bcl-2. Ginkgolides 14-24 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 78-83 31325605-0 2019 Influence of organic anion transporter 1/3 on the pharmacokinetics and renal excretion of ginkgolides and bilobalide. Ginkgolides 90-101 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Rattus norvegicus 13-42 32308365-0 2020 Diterpene Ginkgolides Exert an Antidepressant Effect Through the NT3-TrkA and Ras-MAPK Pathways. Ginkgolides 10-21 neurotrophin 3 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 32308365-0 2020 Diterpene Ginkgolides Exert an Antidepressant Effect Through the NT3-TrkA and Ras-MAPK Pathways. Ginkgolides 10-21 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 31325605-4 2019 AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study is to assess the role of OAT1/3 which are important transporters in the human kidney in the PK and renal excretion ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide. Ginkgolides 161-171 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Homo sapiens 71-77 31325605-8 2019 Following co-administration with probenecid, a typical inhibitor of OAT1/3, the rat plasma concentrations of ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide increased significantly. Ginkgolides 109-119 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Rattus norvegicus 68-74 31325605-11 2019 CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that ginkgolide A, B and bilobalide are excreted via OAT1/3-mediated transport in the kidney and OAT1/3 inhibitor significantly influence the PK ginkgolides and bilobalide. Ginkgolides 40-50 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Rattus norvegicus 88-94 31325605-11 2019 CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that ginkgolide A, B and bilobalide are excreted via OAT1/3-mediated transport in the kidney and OAT1/3 inhibitor significantly influence the PK ginkgolides and bilobalide. Ginkgolides 40-50 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Rattus norvegicus 132-138 31325605-11 2019 CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that ginkgolide A, B and bilobalide are excreted via OAT1/3-mediated transport in the kidney and OAT1/3 inhibitor significantly influence the PK ginkgolides and bilobalide. Ginkgolides 180-191 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Rattus norvegicus 132-138 30815818-14 2019 Moreover, ginkgolides and BB upregulated the levels of antioxidant proteins through mediating the Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway to protect neurons from oxidative stress injury. Ginkgolides 10-21 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 31165943-0 2019 Enhancing the Astrocytic Clearance of Extracellular alpha-Synuclein Aggregates by Ginkgolides Attenuates Neural Cell Injury. Ginkgolides 82-93 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 52-67 30815818-0 2019 Antioxidant effects of ginkgolides and bilobalide against cerebral ischemia injury by activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Ginkgolides 23-34 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 30815818-14 2019 Moreover, ginkgolides and BB upregulated the levels of antioxidant proteins through mediating the Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway to protect neurons from oxidative stress injury. Ginkgolides 10-21 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-106 30815818-0 2019 Antioxidant effects of ginkgolides and bilobalide against cerebral ischemia injury by activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Ginkgolides 23-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 105-109 30756528-6 2019 Furthermore, treatment with CSE increases adherence of bladder cancer cells to bladder endothelial cells and could be abrogated by pretreatment with ginkgolide B. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biopsy samples from bladder cancer patients who smoked revealed increased PAF and the PAF-R in tumor regions when compared to normal tissue. Ginkgolides 149-159 platelet activating factor receptor Homo sapiens 287-292 30815818-9 2019 Moreover, after ginkgolides and BB treatments, p-Akt and p-Nrf2 were significantly upregulated, which could be inhibited by LY294002 in a dose-dependent manner, meanwhile, GB exhibited more effective than GA and GK. Ginkgolides 16-27 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 30815818-9 2019 Moreover, after ginkgolides and BB treatments, p-Akt and p-Nrf2 were significantly upregulated, which could be inhibited by LY294002 in a dose-dependent manner, meanwhile, GB exhibited more effective than GA and GK. Ginkgolides 16-27 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 30532639-9 2018 Taken together, our results suggest that ginkgolide C reduced lipid accumulation and increased lipolysis through the sirt1/AMPK pathway in oleic acid-induced fatty liver cells. Ginkgolides 41-51 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 30514195-7 2019 Ccarnosic acid, ginkgolide-B and tangeretin in simultaneous dual-combination with dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramidate)-[anti-EGFR] exerted maximum anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity levels of 70.5%, 58.6%, and 69.7% respectively. Ginkgolides 16-26 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 124-128 30013348-0 2018 Ginkgo biloba extract and its diterpene ginkgolide constituents ameliorate the metabolic disturbances caused by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in rat prefrontal cortex. Ginkgolides 40-50 plasminogen activator, tissue type Rattus norvegicus 124-152 29542683-0 2018 Diterpene ginkgolides protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage in rats by activating Nrf2 and CREB through PI3K/Akt signaling. Ginkgolides 10-21 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 29542683-0 2018 Diterpene ginkgolides protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage in rats by activating Nrf2 and CREB through PI3K/Akt signaling. Ginkgolides 10-21 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 29542683-0 2018 Diterpene ginkgolides protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage in rats by activating Nrf2 and CREB through PI3K/Akt signaling. Ginkgolides 10-21 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-127 29542683-10 2018 These observations suggest that ginkgolides act as novel extrinsic regulators activating both Akt/Nrf2 and Akt/CREB signaling pathways, protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in vivo and in vitro. Ginkgolides 32-43 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-97 29542683-10 2018 These observations suggest that ginkgolides act as novel extrinsic regulators activating both Akt/Nrf2 and Akt/CREB signaling pathways, protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in vivo and in vitro. Ginkgolides 32-43 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 29542683-10 2018 These observations suggest that ginkgolides act as novel extrinsic regulators activating both Akt/Nrf2 and Akt/CREB signaling pathways, protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in vivo and in vitro. Ginkgolides 32-43 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-110 29542683-10 2018 These observations suggest that ginkgolides act as novel extrinsic regulators activating both Akt/Nrf2 and Akt/CREB signaling pathways, protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in vivo and in vitro. Ginkgolides 32-43 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 29515442-0 2018 Ginkgolide C Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Inflammatory Injury via Inhibition of CD40-NF-kappaB Pathway. Ginkgolides 0-10 CD40 molecule Rattus norvegicus 102-106 30028328-15 2018 Ginkgolide B decreased the neurological deficit score, increased the proportion of nestin-, neuron-specific enolase- and glial fibrillary acid protein-positive cells, increased the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and epidermal growth factor, and increased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 in the ischemic penumbra. Ginkgolides 0-10 enolase 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-115 30028328-15 2018 Ginkgolide B decreased the neurological deficit score, increased the proportion of nestin-, neuron-specific enolase- and glial fibrillary acid protein-positive cells, increased the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and epidermal growth factor, and increased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 in the ischemic penumbra. Ginkgolides 0-10 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 200-233 30028328-15 2018 Ginkgolide B decreased the neurological deficit score, increased the proportion of nestin-, neuron-specific enolase- and glial fibrillary acid protein-positive cells, increased the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and epidermal growth factor, and increased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 in the ischemic penumbra. Ginkgolides 0-10 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 302-335 24069345-0 2013 Ginkgolide B reduces LOX-1 expression by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and increasing Sirt1 expression in oxidized LDL-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Ginkgolides 0-10 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 27562518-9 2016 Furthermore, ginkgolide and bilobalide also downregulated p-TAK1, p-IkBalpha, and p-IKKbeta and inhibited the OGD/R-induced transfer of NF-kappaB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus in BV2 microglia cells. Ginkgolides 13-23 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Mus musculus 60-64 27562518-9 2016 Furthermore, ginkgolide and bilobalide also downregulated p-TAK1, p-IkBalpha, and p-IKKbeta and inhibited the OGD/R-induced transfer of NF-kappaB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus in BV2 microglia cells. Ginkgolides 13-23 inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta Mus musculus 84-91 27562518-9 2016 Furthermore, ginkgolide and bilobalide also downregulated p-TAK1, p-IkBalpha, and p-IKKbeta and inhibited the OGD/R-induced transfer of NF-kappaB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus in BV2 microglia cells. Ginkgolides 13-23 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 146-149 27562518-10 2016 The results showed that ginkgolide and bilobalide can inhibit OGD/R-induced production of inflammatory factors in BV2 microglia cells by regulating the TLRs/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathways and attenuating inflammatory response. Ginkgolides 24-34 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 157-162 27441214-0 2015 The protective mechanism of Ginkgolides and Ginkgo flavonoids on the TNF-alpha induced apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons and its mechanisms in vitro. Ginkgolides 28-39 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 69-78 27441214-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective mechanism of Ginkgolides or Ginkgo flavonoids on the TNF-alpha induced apoptosis of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Ginkgolides 55-66 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 95-104 27441214-9 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Ginkgolides and Ginkgo flavonoids might protect against apoptosis of hippocampal neurons through inhibiting death receptor pathway or mitochondrial pathway under TNF-alpha background. Ginkgolides 13-24 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 175-184 25456428-4 2014 RESULTS: Within 0.1 to 10mug/mL, the hydrolyzed ginkgolides showed negligible direct inhibition against CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4m (midazolam as substrate) and 3A4t (testosterone as substrate), with IC50 values determined to be >10mug/mL (concentrations expressed as the sum of equivalent concentrations of ginkgolide A, B and K). Ginkgolides 48-59 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 104-110 25456428-8 2014 When incubated with hydrolyzed ginkgolides at 10mug/mL, the relative activity and relative mRNA expression level of CYP3A4 remarkably increased to 4.59+-3.67 and 17.2+-9.16-fold of the corresponding vehicle control values, respectively. Ginkgolides 31-42 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 116-122 27562518-0 2016 Ginkgolides and bilobalide protect BV2 microglia cells against OGD/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting TLR2/4 signaling pathways. Ginkgolides 0-11 toll-like receptor 2 Mus musculus 102-106 27562518-7 2016 OGD/R significantly decreased the cell viability and increased the release of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha in BV2 microglia cells; these effects were suppressed by ginkgolide and bilobalide. Ginkgolides 174-184 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 107-116 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 toll-like receptor 2 Mus musculus 84-88 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 90-94 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 96-101 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 Mus musculus 103-106 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein Mus musculus 108-112 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 caspase 3 Mus musculus 141-150 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 caspase 3 Mus musculus 151-160 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 162-165 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 166-171 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 184-190 27562518-8 2016 Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Ginkgolides 11-21 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 191-197 26975469-0 2016 Interaction of human chymase with ginkgolides, terpene trilactones of Ginkgo biloba investigated by molecular docking simulations. Ginkgolides 34-45 chymase 1 Homo sapiens 21-28 24069345-0 2013 Ginkgolide B reduces LOX-1 expression by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and increasing Sirt1 expression in oxidized LDL-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Ginkgolides 0-10 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 24069345-0 2013 Ginkgolide B reduces LOX-1 expression by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and increasing Sirt1 expression in oxidized LDL-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Ginkgolides 0-10 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 24225402-0 2013 Ginkgo biloba extract and ginkgolide antiarrhythmic potential by targeting hERG and ICa-L channel. Ginkgolides 26-36 ETS transcription factor ERG Homo sapiens 75-79 24225402-1 2013 We investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and ginkgolide (GLD) on human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG)-encoded K(+) channels and its underlying mechanisms in the hERG-HEK293 cell line by determining GBE- and GLD-induced changes in action potential duration (APD), L-type calcium currents (ICa-L), and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Ginkgolides 63-73 ETS transcription factor ERG Homo sapiens 117-121 24225402-1 2013 We investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and ginkgolide (GLD) on human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG)-encoded K(+) channels and its underlying mechanisms in the hERG-HEK293 cell line by determining GBE- and GLD-induced changes in action potential duration (APD), L-type calcium currents (ICa-L), and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Ginkgolides 63-73 ETS transcription factor ERG Homo sapiens 182-186 24225402-1 2013 We investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and ginkgolide (GLD) on human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG)-encoded K(+) channels and its underlying mechanisms in the hERG-HEK293 cell line by determining GBE- and GLD-induced changes in action potential duration (APD), L-type calcium currents (ICa-L), and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Ginkgolides 75-78 ETS transcription factor ERG Homo sapiens 117-121 24225402-1 2013 We investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and ginkgolide (GLD) on human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG)-encoded K(+) channels and its underlying mechanisms in the hERG-HEK293 cell line by determining GBE- and GLD-induced changes in action potential duration (APD), L-type calcium currents (ICa-L), and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Ginkgolides 75-78 ETS transcription factor ERG Homo sapiens 182-186 22700047-4 2012 The results showed that ginkgolide A could increase cell viability and suppress the phosphorylation level of Tau in cell lysates, meanwhile, GSK3beta was inhibited with phosphorylation at Ser9. Ginkgolides 24-34 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Mus musculus 141-149 22828636-3 2012 The ginkgolides were moderately potent antagonists with IC(50)s in the muM range. Ginkgolides 4-15 latexin Homo sapiens 71-74 22828636-4 2012 At 10 muM, 30 muM and 100 muM, the ginkgolides caused rightward shifts of GABA dose-response curves and reduced maximal GABA responses, characteristic of noncompetitive antagonists, while the potencies showed a clear dependence on GABA concentration, indicating apparent competitive antagonism. Ginkgolides 35-46 latexin Homo sapiens 6-9 22828636-4 2012 At 10 muM, 30 muM and 100 muM, the ginkgolides caused rightward shifts of GABA dose-response curves and reduced maximal GABA responses, characteristic of noncompetitive antagonists, while the potencies showed a clear dependence on GABA concentration, indicating apparent competitive antagonism. Ginkgolides 35-46 latexin Homo sapiens 14-17 22828636-4 2012 At 10 muM, 30 muM and 100 muM, the ginkgolides caused rightward shifts of GABA dose-response curves and reduced maximal GABA responses, characteristic of noncompetitive antagonists, while the potencies showed a clear dependence on GABA concentration, indicating apparent competitive antagonism. Ginkgolides 35-46 latexin Homo sapiens 14-17 22700047-5 2012 Moreover, treatment of the cells with ginkgolide A promoted phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, suggesting that the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be the mechanism for ginkgolide A to prevent the intracellular accumulation of p-Tau induced by okadaic acid and to protect the cells from Tau hyperphosphorylation-related toxicity. Ginkgolides 38-48 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 88-91 22700047-5 2012 Moreover, treatment of the cells with ginkgolide A promoted phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, suggesting that the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be the mechanism for ginkgolide A to prevent the intracellular accumulation of p-Tau induced by okadaic acid and to protect the cells from Tau hyperphosphorylation-related toxicity. Ginkgolides 38-48 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 136-139 22700047-5 2012 Moreover, treatment of the cells with ginkgolide A promoted phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, suggesting that the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be the mechanism for ginkgolide A to prevent the intracellular accumulation of p-Tau induced by okadaic acid and to protect the cells from Tau hyperphosphorylation-related toxicity. Ginkgolides 183-193 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 88-91 22700047-5 2012 Moreover, treatment of the cells with ginkgolide A promoted phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, suggesting that the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be the mechanism for ginkgolide A to prevent the intracellular accumulation of p-Tau induced by okadaic acid and to protect the cells from Tau hyperphosphorylation-related toxicity. Ginkgolides 183-193 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 136-139 19937548-5 2010 A low permeability of ginkgolides was observed across the MDR1-MDCK model in the absorptive direction. Ginkgolides 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 22393123-0 2012 Selective agonism of human pregnane X receptor by individual ginkgolides. Ginkgolides 61-72 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 27-46 20709055-8 2010 Ginkgolide B caused brain-derived neurotrophic factor up-regulation when cells were subjected to Abeta25-35 insults. Ginkgolides 0-10 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 20-53 20106969-3 2010 Ginkgolide X also displayed high nanomolar/low micromolar IC(50) values at the homomeric alpha1 and alpha2 GlyRs, whereas it was inactive at the heteromeric alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta subtypes at concentrations up to 300 microm. Ginkgolides 0-10 glycine receptor alpha 1 Homo sapiens 89-112