PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
18347098-8	2008	Further, Rec8 is essential for maintenance of sister cohesion, along arms and centromeres, during the pachytene-to-diplotene transition, revealing an intrinsic tendency for destabilization of sister cohesion during this period.	pachytene	102-111	REC8 meiotic recombination protein	Homo sapiens	9-13
19913286-6	2009	These CHK-2 dependent phosphorylations occur in leptotene/zygotene, diminish during pachytene and are involved in pairing.	pachytene	84-93	Serine/threonine-protein kinase chk-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	6-11
18694876-8	2008	In contrast to SUMO-1, which is not detectable prior to pachytene in normal tissue, SUMO-2/3 is identified as early as leptotene and zygotene and in some, but not all, pachytene cells; no linear patterns were detected.	pachytene	168-177	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	84-90
18602382-3	2008	Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and UBE2I (also known as UBC9) were localized to the XY body in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, while only SUMO2/3 and UBE2I were detected near centromeres in metaphase I spermatocytes.	pachytene	123-132	small ubiquitin-like modifier 1	Mus musculus	44-49
18602382-3	2008	Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and UBE2I (also known as UBC9) were localized to the XY body in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, while only SUMO2/3 and UBE2I were detected near centromeres in metaphase I spermatocytes.	pachytene	123-132	small ubiquitin-like modifier 2	Mus musculus	51-56
18602382-3	2008	Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and UBE2I (also known as UBC9) were localized to the XY body in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, while only SUMO2/3 and UBE2I were detected near centromeres in metaphase I spermatocytes.	pachytene	123-132	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I	Mus musculus	63-68
18602382-3	2008	Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and UBE2I (also known as UBC9) were localized to the XY body in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, while only SUMO2/3 and UBE2I were detected near centromeres in metaphase I spermatocytes.	pachytene	123-132	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I	Mus musculus	84-88
19153602-5	2009	Immunofluorescence studies confirmed that AtRPA1a is associated with meiotic chromosomes from leptotene through to early pachytene.	pachytene	121-130	replication protein A 1A	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-49
18417714-3	2008	SP3 declined during the leptotene-to-pachytene transition, whereas SP1 fell somewhat later, as spermatocytes progressed beyond the early pachytene stage.	pachytene	37-46	trans-acting transcription factor 3	Mus musculus	0-3
17981954-5	2007	RPA foci were also observed in synaptic segments at zygotene and early pachytene, in numbers that peak at the end of zygotene.	pachytene	71-80	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-3
18219312-4	2008	However, brc-1 mutants show an abnormal increase in apoptosis and RAD-51 foci at pachytene that are abolished by loss of spo-11 function, suggesting a defect in meiosis rather than during premeiotic DNA replication.	pachytene	81-90	Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog	Caenorhabditis elegans	9-14
18219312-4	2008	However, brc-1 mutants show an abnormal increase in apoptosis and RAD-51 foci at pachytene that are abolished by loss of spo-11 function, suggesting a defect in meiosis rather than during premeiotic DNA replication.	pachytene	81-90	DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog	Caenorhabditis elegans	66-72
18239891-2	2008	The results showed that Ser-1 is located near the distal end of the 11th linkage group, relatively at the 12.5+/-1.4 position in pachytene; and that CI-13 has been mapped near the distal end of the 2nd linkage group, relatively at the 8.2+/-1.2 position in pachytene.	pachytene	129-138	silk gum protein	Bombyx mori	24-29
18159078-5	2008	p63 production began in late pachytene-stage oocytes and peaked in diplotene oocytes in mice and humans.	pachytene	29-38	transformation related protein 63	Mus musculus	0-3
17376750-10	2007	Quantifying foci numbers of gamma-H2AX, Mdc1 and 53BP1 at various time points after irradiation revealed a 70% reduction after 16 h in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes and round spermatids.	pachytene	135-144	H2A.X variant histone	Mus musculus	28-38
17983271-5	2007	This meiotic DSBR mode is characterized both by dependence on RAD-50 for rapid accumulation of RAD-51 at DSB sites and by competence for converting DSBs into interhomolog COs. At the mid-pachytene to late pachytene transition, germ cells undergo an abrupt release from the meiotic DSBR mode, characterized by reversion to RAD-50-independent loading of RAD-51 and loss of competence to convert DSBs into interhomolog COs.	pachytene	187-196	DNA repair protein rad-50;Zinc-hook domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	62-68
17376750-10	2007	Quantifying foci numbers of gamma-H2AX, Mdc1 and 53BP1 at various time points after irradiation revealed a 70% reduction after 16 h in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes and round spermatids.	pachytene	135-144	mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1	Mus musculus	40-44
17376750-10	2007	Quantifying foci numbers of gamma-H2AX, Mdc1 and 53BP1 at various time points after irradiation revealed a 70% reduction after 16 h in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes and round spermatids.	pachytene	135-144	transformation related protein 53 binding protein 1	Mus musculus	49-54
17498682-3	2007	The stage of arrest in cyclin A1-deficient mice is distinct from the arrest seen in spermatocytes that are deficient in its putative catalytic partner Cdk2, which occurs much earlier in pachytene.	pachytene	186-195	cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Mus musculus	151-155
17352744-6	2007	rog-1(tm1031) truncation mutants showed a severe disruption in progression of developing oocytes from pachytene to diakinesis, as was seen in worms carrying a loss-of-function mutation in the let-60 Ras or mpk-1 MAP kinase gene.	pachytene	102-111	IRS-type PTB domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
17517537-4	2007	High-level Tip60 gene expression is restricted to late pachytene and diplotene stages of sperm development.	pachytene	55-64	K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	11-16
17486275-6	2007	MTA1 possessed different distribution patterns in the two species: in humans, the most intensive staining was found in the nucleus of round spermatids and of primary spermatocytes while in mice, the most intense MTA1 staining was in the nucleus of leptotene, zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes.	pachytene	272-281	metastasis associated 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
17352744-10	2007	Thus, ROG-1 is a key positive regulator of the Ras-MAP kinase pathway that permits germ cells to exit from pachytene.	pachytene	107-116	IRS-type PTB domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	6-11
15105829-5	2004	In addition, we have observed the presence of gamma-H2AX in the X chromosome from zygotene to late pachytene, indicating that the function of H2AX phosphorylation during grasshopper spermatogenesis is not restricted to the formation of gamma-H2AX foci at DNA DSBs.	pachytene	99-108	H2A.X variant histone	Mus musculus	46-56
17003240-5	2007	At the onset of spermatogenesis, ARIP4 expression became evident in spermatogonia, pachytene, and diplotene spermatocytes.	pachytene	83-92	RAD54 like 2 (S. cerevisiae)	Mus musculus	33-38
17114795-4	2007	Here, we show that, like MLH1, RAD51C localized to mouse meiotic chromosomes at pachytene/diplotene.	pachytene	80-89	RAD51 paralog C	Mus musculus	31-37
17431330-2	2007	In several organisms, gamma-H2AX presence has been demonstrated in meiotic processes such as recombination and sex chromosome inactivation during prophase I (from leptotene to pachytene).	pachytene	176-185	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	28-32
16093322-5	2005	RNF17 granules are prominent in late pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, and in elongating spermatids.	pachytene	37-46	ring finger protein 17	Homo sapiens	0-5
15235794-4	2004	We found that SYCP3, but not SYCP1, aggregates appear in the preleptotene nucleus and some persist up to pachytene.	pachytene	105-114	synaptonemal complex protein 3	Homo sapiens	14-19
17114795-4	2007	Here, we show that, like MLH1, RAD51C localized to mouse meiotic chromosomes at pachytene/diplotene.	pachytene	80-89	mutL homolog 1	Mus musculus	25-29
16908015-7	2006	Following siRNA knockdown of IPO13 activity in the fetal ovary, fewer germ cells are found to progress to the late-pachytene stage of meiosis and nuclear accumulation of UBC9 is reduced.	pachytene	115-124	importin 13	Mus musculus	29-34
16488448-3	2006	We have previously shown that Ubr2-/- male mice are infertile, owing to the arrest of spermatocytes between the leptotene/zygotene and pachytene of meiosis I, the failure of chromosome pairing, and subsequent apoptosis.	pachytene	135-144	ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 2	Mus musculus	30-34
16283376-0	2006	The ARABIDOPSIS SKP1-LIKE1 (ASK1) protein acts predominately from leptotene to pachytene and represses homologous recombination in male meiosis.	pachytene	79-88	S phase kinase-associated protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-32
16283376-4	2006	We provide evidence in this report that ASK1 is predominately expressed from leptotene to pachytene, and negatively regulates recombination.	pachytene	90-99	S phase kinase-associated protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-44
16283376-6	2006	Second, the peak level of an ASK1-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein expressed by an ASK1 promoter region occurred only from leptotene to pachytene.	pachytene	151-160	S phase kinase-associated protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-33
16283376-6	2006	Second, the peak level of an ASK1-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein expressed by an ASK1 promoter region occurred only from leptotene to pachytene.	pachytene	151-160	S phase kinase-associated protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-102
15716349-4	2005	The pachytene arrest was accompanied by an inefficient exit from proliferation, increased apoptosis and an abnormal nuclear localization of the G2-M cell cycle regulator cyclin B1, but was not associated with apparent chromosomal or recombination defects.	pachytene	4-13	cyclin B1	Mus musculus	170-179
15515062-6	2005	In situ hybridization analysis revealed that TESSP-1 mRNA was expressed in type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes at stages between preleptotene and pachytene.	pachytene	149-158	protease, serine 41	Mus musculus	45-52
15383616-5	2004	The highest Rad18Sc protein level is found at pachytene and diplotene, and the protein localizes mainly to the XY body, a subnuclear region that contains the transcriptionally inactivated X and Y chromosomes.	pachytene	46-55	RAD18 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Mus musculus	12-19
12711554-4	2003	Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization show that Tex14 mRNA is expressed specifically in the testis, with highest levels observed in pachytene, diplotene, and meiotically dividing spermatocytes.	pachytene	143-152	testis expressed 14, intercellular bridge forming factor	Homo sapiens	59-64
14736746-3	2004	Spermatogenesis in the MILI-null mice was blocked completely at the early prophase of the first meiosis, from the zygotene to early pachytene, and the mice were sterile.	pachytene	132-141	piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2	Mus musculus	23-27
12815066-2	2003	Disruption of the CPEB gene in mice causes an arrest of oogenesis at embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), when most oocytes are in pachytene of prophase I.	pachytene	122-131	cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	18-22
12584241-4	2003	INCENP labels the synaptonemal complex central element from zygotene up to late pachytene when it begins to relocalize to heterochromatic chromocentres.	pachytene	80-89	inner centromere protein	Mus musculus	0-6
12589662-5	2003	Morphometric analysis of developing testes revealed that the first wave of meiosis proceeds at a normal rate in mutant testes, a surprising result given that the PP1 inhibitor okadaic acid has been shown to accelerate progression of spermatocytes from pachytene to the first meiotic division (MI).	pachytene	252-261	protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma	Mus musculus	162-165
12733639-7	2003	Moreover, it seems that exogenous DSBs in the Ce-chk-2 defective nuclei at the pachytene stage can be repaired between sister chromatids in a Ce-rdh-1/rad-51-dependent manner.	pachytene	79-88	Serine/threonine-protein kinase chk-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	49-54
12733639-7	2003	Moreover, it seems that exogenous DSBs in the Ce-chk-2 defective nuclei at the pachytene stage can be repaired between sister chromatids in a Ce-rdh-1/rad-51-dependent manner.	pachytene	79-88	DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog	Caenorhabditis elegans	151-157
12063388-2	2001	MLH1 foci appeared in late zygotene and their number remains constant throughout pachytene.	pachytene	81-90	mutL homolog 1	Gallus gallus	0-4
12242283-3	2002	Inactivation of NDT80 leads to a failure to induce the middle sporulation genes and a subsequent arrest in pachytene.	pachytene	107-116	transcription factor NDT80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-21
12169634-5	2002	Here, we show that the MAPK phosphatase LIP-1 dephosphorylates MAPK as germ cells exit pachytene in order to maintain MAPK in an inactive state during oocyte development.	pachytene	87-96	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15	Caenorhabditis elegans	23-27
12169634-5	2002	Here, we show that the MAPK phosphatase LIP-1 dephosphorylates MAPK as germ cells exit pachytene in order to maintain MAPK in an inactive state during oocyte development.	pachytene	87-96	Dual specificity protein phosphatase lip-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	40-45
12169634-5	2002	Here, we show that the MAPK phosphatase LIP-1 dephosphorylates MAPK as germ cells exit pachytene in order to maintain MAPK in an inactive state during oocyte development.	pachytene	87-96	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15	Caenorhabditis elegans	63-67
12169634-5	2002	Here, we show that the MAPK phosphatase LIP-1 dephosphorylates MAPK as germ cells exit pachytene in order to maintain MAPK in an inactive state during oocyte development.	pachytene	87-96	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15	Caenorhabditis elegans	63-67
12080001-10	2002	Reporter gene expression confirmed expression of the Kit gene at the spermatogonial stage and also revealed Kit expression during the late pachytene/diplotene transition.	pachytene	139-148	KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	53-56
11803038-7	2002	Immunocytochemistry of male germ cells revealed that tesmin mainly locates in the cytoplasm at stages I-VIII of pachytene spermatocytes, while it temporarily translocates into the nucleus in the late pachytene or diplotene stages X-XII under normal conditions.	pachytene	112-121	testis expressed metallothionein like	Mus musculus	53-59
10221453-8	1999	The most intense signal for Hsp25 mRNA was localized to the spermatocytes at leptotene, zygotene and early pachytene phases, which are present in the tubules of stages I-III and IX-XII.	pachytene	107-116	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	28-33
11191351-5	2000	Due to the deficiency of p34cdc2 and Cyclin B1, the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes were unable to form MPF, hence, they couldn"t undergo karyokinesis.	pachytene	70-79	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	25-32
10775177-7	2000	Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the protein is most abundant in the cytoplasm of pachytene and diplotene cells, corresponding to late prophase of meiosis I. Immunohistochemical localization is markedly reduced in secondary spermatocytes, suggesting a functional association of LRTP with meiosis.	pachytene	92-101	leucine rich repeat containing 6 (testis)	Mus musculus	288-292
10510473-10	1999	Although the addition of SCF to the culture medium reduced significantly apoptosis in oocytes at the pachytene/diplotene stages, it was not possible to directly correlate this effect with the downregulation of Bax in the surviving oocytes.	pachytene	101-110	kit ligand	Mus musculus	25-28
10491636-4	1999	Both Smad2 mRNA and protein were detected in meiotic germ cells, from preleptotene to pachytene spermatocytes, but not in postmeiotic germ cells.	pachytene	86-95	SMAD family member 2	Mus musculus	5-10
9869302-4	1998	Id4 protein was detectable in the cytoplasm of type A1 spermatogonia, as well as in late pachytene and in diplotene spermatocytes.	pachytene	89-98	inhibitor of DNA binding 4	Mus musculus	0-3
9869302-5	1998	Id2 protein, which was most abundant in Sertoli cell nuclei, was also detectable in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, but as with Id4, it was absent from MI/MII cells.	pachytene	84-93	inhibitor of DNA binding 2	Mus musculus	0-3
9311981-3	1997	In human spermatocytes, hRad51 was found to form discrete nuclear foci from early zygotene to late pachytene.	pachytene	99-108	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	24-30
9813024-7	1998	We conclude that transcription of the transgene and possibly of the endogenous ldhc gene is restricted to leptotene/pachytene primary spermatocytes.	pachytene	116-125	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	79-83
8524222-7	1995	The NDT80 gene product could be a component of the cell cycle regulatory machinery involved in the transition out of pachytene, a participant in an unknown aspect of meiosis sensed by a pachytene checkpoint, or a SPO11- and RAD50-independent component of meiotic chromosomes that is the target of cell cycle signaling.	pachytene	117-126	myelin regulatory factor	Homo sapiens	4-9
8601336-6	1996	Surface-spread synaptonemal complexes at pachytene and diplotene stages labeled distinctly with the antiserum to HSP70-2.	pachytene	41-50	heat shock protein 2	Mus musculus	113-120
8601034-4	1995	Cdc2 transcripts were most abundant in late pachytene to diplotene spermatocytes, soon to undergo meiosis.	pachytene	44-53	cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
9299211-4	1997	Testicular lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme activity (LDH-X), a pachytene spermatocyte marker of testicular toxicity, was significantly decreased to 71.8% and 68.6% of the control value after daily p.o.	pachytene	62-71	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	52-57
8593648-8	1996	PCNA reactivity was also present during leptotene through pachytene.	pachytene	58-67	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Bos taurus	0-4
7495811-1	1995	Histones H1a and H1t are two major linker histone variants present at the pachytene interval of mammalian spermatogenesis.	pachytene	74-83	H1.1 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	9-12
34388164-2	2021	Here, we showed that MTL5 translocates into nuclei of spermatocytes during zygotene-pachytene transition and ensures meiosis advances beyond pachytene stage.	pachytene	84-93	testis expressed metallothionein like	Mus musculus	21-25
7713419-5	1995	Certain gld-1 partial loss-of-function mutations also abolish oogenesis, but germ cells arrest in pachytene rather than returning to mitosis.	pachytene	98-107	Female germline-specific tumor suppressor gld-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	8-13
8321219-7	1993	Testicular germ cell fractionation revealed that Mak products were most abundant in the fraction of the late pachytene stage and that their levels were dramatically decreased in postmeiotic haploid cells.	pachytene	109-118	male germ cell-associated kinase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
34599968-2	2021	TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is highly expressed in spermatocytes in the preleptotene and pachytene stages of meiosis.	pachytene	104-113	TAR DNA binding protein	Mus musculus	0-33
34599968-2	2021	TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is highly expressed in spermatocytes in the preleptotene and pachytene stages of meiosis.	pachytene	104-113	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	35-41
7601309-6	1995	In the testis, Cdc25C expression was localized in germ cells, specifically in late pachytene-diplotene spermatocytes and round spermatids, whereas Cdc25B expression was most readily detected in the somatic cells.	pachytene	83-92	cell division cycle 25C	Mus musculus	15-21
8049060-4	1994	In situ hybridization analysis shows that meg1 is expressed at very low levels in leptotene cells and increases as the cells progress through zygotene and pachytene stages.	pachytene	155-164	meiosis expressed gene 1	Mus musculus	42-46
1397691-5	1992	Northern blot and in situ hybridization showed CTfin51 mRNA expression in spermatocytes after the pachytene stage and in early stage round spermatids of prepuberal and adult males.	pachytene	98-107	zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 21	Mus musculus	47-54
34388164-2	2021	Here, we showed that MTL5 translocates into nuclei of spermatocytes during zygotene-pachytene transition and ensures meiosis advances beyond pachytene stage.	pachytene	141-150	testis expressed metallothionein like	Mus musculus	21-25
34388164-3	2021	MTL5 shows strong interactions with MuvB core complex components, a well-known transcriptional complex regulating mitotic progression, and the zygotene-pachytene transition of MTL5 is mediated by its direct interaction with the component LIN9, through MTL5 C-terminal 443-475 residues.	pachytene	152-161	testis expressed metallothionein like	Mus musculus	0-4
34388164-3	2021	MTL5 shows strong interactions with MuvB core complex components, a well-known transcriptional complex regulating mitotic progression, and the zygotene-pachytene transition of MTL5 is mediated by its direct interaction with the component LIN9, through MTL5 C-terminal 443-475 residues.	pachytene	152-161	testis expressed metallothionein like	Mus musculus	176-180
34388164-3	2021	MTL5 shows strong interactions with MuvB core complex components, a well-known transcriptional complex regulating mitotic progression, and the zygotene-pachytene transition of MTL5 is mediated by its direct interaction with the component LIN9, through MTL5 C-terminal 443-475 residues.	pachytene	152-161	lin-9 DREAM MuvB core complex component	Mus musculus	238-242
34388164-3	2021	MTL5 shows strong interactions with MuvB core complex components, a well-known transcriptional complex regulating mitotic progression, and the zygotene-pachytene transition of MTL5 is mediated by its direct interaction with the component LIN9, through MTL5 C-terminal 443-475 residues.	pachytene	152-161	testis expressed metallothionein like	Mus musculus	252-256
34388164-5	2021	Our data demonstrated MTL5 translocates into nuclei during the zygotene-pachytene transition to initiate its function along with the MuvB core complex in pachytene spermatocytes, highlighting a new mechanism regulating the progression of male meiosis.	pachytene	72-81	testis expressed metallothionein like	Mus musculus	22-26
34075040-4	2021	Our genetic study shows that ZFP541 and KCTD19 are co-expressed from pachytene onward and play an essential role in the completion of the meiotic prophase program in the testis.	pachytene	69-78	zinc finger protein 541	Mus musculus	29-35
34075040-4	2021	Our genetic study shows that ZFP541 and KCTD19 are co-expressed from pachytene onward and play an essential role in the completion of the meiotic prophase program in the testis.	pachytene	69-78	potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 19	Mus musculus	40-46
3208988-6	1988	The stimulatory (ABP) and inhibitory (oestradiol) effects of pachytene spermatocyte and early spermatid-spent media were reversible (change of media), dose related, specific (no effect of cytoplast, peritubular cell, rat liver epithelial cell or 3T3 cell-conditioned media) and strictly proportional to the cell viability estimated at the end of the incubation periods.	pachytene	61-70	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
35064347-6	2022	Using gammaH2Ax as a marker of unrepaired DSBs, we detected gammaH2AX foci from leptotene through early pachytene but saw no foci from mid-pachytene onward.	pachytene	104-113	gamma histone 	Arabidopsis thaliana	6-15
35064347-6	2022	Using gammaH2Ax as a marker of unrepaired DSBs, we detected gammaH2AX foci from leptotene through early pachytene but saw no foci from mid-pachytene onward.	pachytene	104-113	gamma histone 	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-69
3211143-10	1988	Labeling studies showed that P70 was synthesized primarily in pachytene spermatocytes and that little synthesis occurred in round spermatids or in preleptotene and leptotene-zygotene stages of spermatogenesis.	pachytene	62-71	interleukin 2 receptor, beta chain	Mus musculus	29-32
2923949-2	1989	The synthesis and activity of LDH-C4, the germ cell-specific isozyme, was detected earliest in isolated preleptotene and leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes prior to the mid-pachytene stage of meiosis reported previously.	pachytene	171-180	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	30-36
34026442-9	2021	The mRNA removal promoted by the CNOT4-regulated CCR4-NOT complex during the zygotene-to-pachytene transition is crucial for the appropriate expression of genes involved in the subsequent events of spermatogenesis, normal DNA double-strand break repair during meiosis, efficient crossover between X and Y chromosomes, and ultimately, male fertility.	pachytene	89-98	CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4	Mus musculus	33-38
34031364-5	2021	Spermatocytes lacking Mps1 have blocked at the zygotene-to-pachytene transition in the prophase of meiosis I, which may be due to decreased H2B ubiquitination level mediated by MDM2.	pachytene	59-68	Ttk protein kinase	Mus musculus	22-26
3558350-3	1987	These results, therefore, suggest that the histone-DNA interaction at these sites in the pachytene core particles is weaker, possibly because of the presence of the histone variant TH2B interacting at similar topological positions in the nucleosome core as that of its somatic counterpart H2B.	pachytene	89-98	H2B clustered histone 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
6496965-0	1984	Inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by adenine nucleotides in pachytene primary spermatocytes from rat testes.	pachytene	81-90	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	14-54
34026442-9	2021	The mRNA removal promoted by the CNOT4-regulated CCR4-NOT complex during the zygotene-to-pachytene transition is crucial for the appropriate expression of genes involved in the subsequent events of spermatogenesis, normal DNA double-strand break repair during meiosis, efficient crossover between X and Y chromosomes, and ultimately, male fertility.	pachytene	89-98	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	49-53
32470506-6	2020	Ythdc2 knockdown decreased the percent of STRA8-positive FGCs and altered the percent of FGCs at zygotene and pachytene stage respectively.	pachytene	110-119	YTH domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
32094118-4	2020	Knockout of Cxxc1 led to a decrease in the H3K4me3 level from the pachytene to the MII stage and caused transcriptional disorder.	pachytene	66-75	CXXC finger 1 (PHD domain)	Mus musculus	12-17
29496961-3	2018	Here, we report a molecular pathway that subjects two nonrelated but broadly evolutionarily conserved translational regulators (CPB-3/CPEB and GLD-1/STAR) to proteosomal degradation in Caenorhabditis elegans germ cells at the transition from pachytene to diplotene of meiotic prophase.	pachytene	242-251	Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3	Caenorhabditis elegans	128-133
30760872-6	2019	Interestingly, L3mbtl2 deficiency resulted in increased gammaH2AX deposition in the leptotene spermatocytes, subsequent inappropriate retention of gammaH2AX on autosomes, and defective crossing-over and synapsis during the pachytene stage of meiosis I, and more germ cell apoptosis and degeneration in aging mice.	pachytene	223-232	L3MBTL2 polycomb repressive complex 1 subunit	Mus musculus	15-22
30590800-3	2019	In mice, two cytoplasmic PIWI proteins, MIWI and MILI, receive processed pachytene piRNAs at intermitochodrial cement (IMC).	pachytene	73-82	piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1	Mus musculus	40-44
30590800-3	2019	In mice, two cytoplasmic PIWI proteins, MIWI and MILI, receive processed pachytene piRNAs at intermitochodrial cement (IMC).	pachytene	73-82	piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2	Mus musculus	49-53
29496961-5	2018	Destabilization of either RBP through this Skp, Cullin, F-box-containing complex (SCF) ubiquitin ligase appears to loosen its negative control over established target mRNAs, and presumably depends on a prior phosphorylation of CPB-3 and GLD-1 by MAPK (MPK-1), whose activity increases in mid- to late pachytene to promote meiotic progression and oocyte differentiation.	pachytene	301-310	Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3	Caenorhabditis elegans	227-232
31210146-5	2020	Depletion of Shp2 in spermatogonia caused many meiotic spermatocytes to die; moreover, the surviving spermatocytes reached the leptotene stage early at postnatal day 9 (PN9) and the pachytene stage at PN11-13.	pachytene	182-191	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	13-17
31453335-3	2019	Loss of Zcwpw1 in male mice caused a complete failure of synapsis, resulting in meiotic arrest at the zygotene to pachytene stage, accompanied by incomplete DNA double-strand break repair and lack of crossover formation, leading to male infertility.	pachytene	114-123	zinc finger, CW type with PWWP domain 1	Mus musculus	8-14
30668564-5	2019	From leptotene to early pachytene, exogenous damage triggered the massive presence of gammaH2AX throughout the nucleus, which was associated with DNA repair mediated by HR components (DMC1 and RAD51).	pachytene	24-33	H2A.X variant histone	Mus musculus	86-95
30668564-5	2019	From leptotene to early pachytene, exogenous damage triggered the massive presence of gammaH2AX throughout the nucleus, which was associated with DNA repair mediated by HR components (DMC1 and RAD51).	pachytene	24-33	DNA meiotic recombinase 1	Mus musculus	184-188
30668564-5	2019	From leptotene to early pachytene, exogenous damage triggered the massive presence of gammaH2AX throughout the nucleus, which was associated with DNA repair mediated by HR components (DMC1 and RAD51).	pachytene	24-33	RAD51 recombinase	Mus musculus	193-198
30566854-6	2018	We show that Hsf5 is required for progression through meiotic prophase 1 during spermatogenesis as suggested by the accumulation of cells in the leptotene and zygotene-pachytene stages and increased apoptosis in post-meiotic cells.	pachytene	168-177	heat shock transcription factor family member 5	Danio rerio	13-17
29907896-0	2018	Defects in meiotic recombination delay progression through pachytene in Tex19.1-/- mouse spermatocytes.	pachytene	59-68	testis expressed gene 19.1	Mus musculus	72-79
29907896-6	2018	Furthermore, we show that patterns of axis elongation, chromatin modifications and histone H1t expression are also all co-ordinately skewed towards earlier substages of pachytene in these autosomally synapsed Tex19.1-/- spermatocytes.	pachytene	169-178	testis expressed gene 19.1	Mus musculus	209-216
29795555-9	2018	We propose that MOF regulates male meiosis and is involved in the expansion of all three waves of H2AX phosphorylation from the leptotene to pachytene stages, initiated by ATM and ATR, respectively.	pachytene	141-150	K(lysine) acetyltransferase 8	Mus musculus	16-19
29795555-9	2018	We propose that MOF regulates male meiosis and is involved in the expansion of all three waves of H2AX phosphorylation from the leptotene to pachytene stages, initiated by ATM and ATR, respectively.	pachytene	141-150	H2A.X variant histone	Mus musculus	98-102
29496961-3	2018	Here, we report a molecular pathway that subjects two nonrelated but broadly evolutionarily conserved translational regulators (CPB-3/CPEB and GLD-1/STAR) to proteosomal degradation in Caenorhabditis elegans germ cells at the transition from pachytene to diplotene of meiotic prophase.	pachytene	242-251	Female germline-specific tumor suppressor gld-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	143-148
29496961-5	2018	Destabilization of either RBP through this Skp, Cullin, F-box-containing complex (SCF) ubiquitin ligase appears to loosen its negative control over established target mRNAs, and presumably depends on a prior phosphorylation of CPB-3 and GLD-1 by MAPK (MPK-1), whose activity increases in mid- to late pachytene to promote meiotic progression and oocyte differentiation.	pachytene	301-310	CULLIN_2 domain-containing protein;Cullin-3;Cullin_Nedd8 domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	48-54
28003471-5	2016	piRNA-associated proteins MVH and Miwi are upregulated in leptotene to pachytene spermatocytes with a more precocious timing in AhR-/- than in AhR+/+ testes.	pachytene	71-80	DEAD box helicase 4	Mus musculus	26-29
28627638-7	2017	Increased RAD51 foci during pachytene (P=0.02) in the spermatocytes of the patient were noted.	pachytene	28-37	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	10-15
28617799-2	2017	In mammals, spermatocytes that display recombination defects experience a so-called recombination-dependent arrest at the pachytene stage, which relies on the MRE11 complex-ATM-CHK2 pathway responding to unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).	pachytene	122-131	MRE11A homolog A, double strand break repair nuclease	Mus musculus	159-164
28617799-2	2017	In mammals, spermatocytes that display recombination defects experience a so-called recombination-dependent arrest at the pachytene stage, which relies on the MRE11 complex-ATM-CHK2 pathway responding to unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).	pachytene	122-131	ataxia telangiectasia mutated	Mus musculus	173-176
28617799-2	2017	In mammals, spermatocytes that display recombination defects experience a so-called recombination-dependent arrest at the pachytene stage, which relies on the MRE11 complex-ATM-CHK2 pathway responding to unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).	pachytene	122-131	checkpoint kinase 2	Mus musculus	177-181
28346135-4	2017	SYP-4 phosphorylation depends on DSB formation and crossover designation, is required for stabilizing the SC in pachytene by switching the central region of the SC from a more dynamic to a less dynamic state, and negatively regulates DSB formation.	pachytene	112-121	Synaptonemal complex protein 4	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
29317670-4	2018	Conditional inactivation of TDRD5 in mouse postnatal germ cells reveals that TDRD5 selectively regulates the production of pachytene piRNAs from abundant piRNA-producing precursors, with little effect on low-abundant piRNAs.	pachytene	123-132	tudor domain containing 5	Mus musculus	28-33
29317670-4	2018	Conditional inactivation of TDRD5 in mouse postnatal germ cells reveals that TDRD5 selectively regulates the production of pachytene piRNAs from abundant piRNA-producing precursors, with little effect on low-abundant piRNAs.	pachytene	123-132	tudor domain containing 5	Mus musculus	77-82
28118058-3	2017	Ablation of Smc1beta during male meiosis leads to the blockage of spermatogenesis in pachytene stage, and ablation of Smc1beta during female meiosis generates a highly error-prone oocyte although it could develop to metaphase II stage.	pachytene	85-94	structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B	Mus musculus	12-20
28003471-5	2016	piRNA-associated proteins MVH and Miwi are upregulated in leptotene to pachytene spermatocytes with a more precocious timing in AhR-/- than in AhR+/+ testes.	pachytene	71-80	piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1	Mus musculus	34-38
26075718-6	2015	Xlr5c was specifically localized at synaptonemal complexes(SCs) region in preleptotene and pachytene spermatocytes, as was the homologous Xlr protein Sycp3.	pachytene	91-100	X-linked lymphocyte-regulated 5C	Mus musculus	0-5
27170441-7	2016	Furthermore, we show that PUM1 facilitates the transition of the late meiotic prophase I oocyte from pachytene to diplotene stage by regulating SYCP1 protein.	pachytene	101-110	pumilio RNA binding family member 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
26075718-6	2015	Xlr5c was specifically localized at synaptonemal complexes(SCs) region in preleptotene and pachytene spermatocytes, as was the homologous Xlr protein Sycp3.	pachytene	91-100	X-linked lymphocyte-regulated	Mus musculus	0-3
24464225-6	2014	Moreover, persistent activation of LINE1 and IAP retrotransposons caused by Miwi2 inactivation is compatible with mitotic cell cycle progression of spermatogonia during the first wave of spermatogenesis, but can cause zygotene to pachytene arrest in early meiosis due to multiple defects including enhanced DNA double-strand breaks, aberrant histone modifications and altered mRNA transcriptome.	pachytene	230-239	intracisternal A particle, Eya1 linked	Mus musculus	45-48
25778538-14	2015	We conclude that MED1 regulates the temporal progression of primary spermatocytes through meiosis, with its absence resulting in abbreviated pre-leptotene, leptotene, and zygotene stages, and a prolonged pachytene stage.	pachytene	204-213	mediator complex subunit 1	Mus musculus	17-21
24797635-0	2014	Phosphorylation of CDK2 at threonine 160 regulates meiotic pachytene and diplotene progression in mice.	pachytene	59-68	cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Mus musculus	19-23
25768017-0	2015	The ATM signaling cascade promotes recombination-dependent pachytene arrest in mouse spermatocytes.	pachytene	59-68	ataxia telangiectasia mutated	Mus musculus	4-7
24464225-6	2014	Moreover, persistent activation of LINE1 and IAP retrotransposons caused by Miwi2 inactivation is compatible with mitotic cell cycle progression of spermatogonia during the first wave of spermatogenesis, but can cause zygotene to pachytene arrest in early meiosis due to multiple defects including enhanced DNA double-strand breaks, aberrant histone modifications and altered mRNA transcriptome.	pachytene	230-239	piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4	Mus musculus	76-81
23788429-7	2013	Spermatocytes lacking RAD9A usually arrested in meiotic prophase, specifically in pachytene.	pachytene	82-91	RAD9 checkpoint clamp component A	Mus musculus	22-27
24469829-3	2014	A transfer-DNA insertional mutation in the cdkg1 gene leads to a temperature-sensitive failure of meiosis in late Zygotene/Pachytene that is associated with defective formation of the synaptonemal complex, reduced bivalent formation and crossing over, and aneuploid gametes.	pachytene	123-132	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-48
23523368-6	2013	A-MYB regulation of piRNA pathway proteins and piRNA genes creates a coherent feedforward loop that ensures the robust accumulation of pachytene piRNAs.	pachytene	135-144	myeloblastosis oncogene-like 1	Mus musculus	0-5
23595907-9	2013	In Stx2(repro34) mutants, sulfoglycolipids are aberrantly localized in both pachytene/diplotene spermatocytes and in multinucleated germ cells.	pachytene	76-85	syntaxin 2	Mus musculus	3-7
23595907-9	2013	In Stx2(repro34) mutants, sulfoglycolipids are aberrantly localized in both pachytene/diplotene spermatocytes and in multinucleated germ cells.	pachytene	76-85	syntaxin 2	Mus musculus	8-15
23229118-1	2012	MIWI is one of the PIWI subfamily of proteins mainly expressed in mouse germ cells, and associates with pachytene piRNAs.	pachytene	104-113	piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1	Mus musculus	0-4
21778358-3	2011	At both 24 and 48 h after exposure, significant dose-dependent increases in the number of total MLH1 foci per spermatocyte were observed at late zygotene-early pachytene with the gradient increase of radiation dose from 0, 1.5, 3-6 Gy.	pachytene	160-169	mutL homolog 1	Mus musculus	96-100
22190705-11	2012	ANAPC10 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia and leptotene and pachytene spermatocytes.	pachytene	81-90	anaphase promoting complex subunit 10	Mus musculus	0-7
21669984-6	2011	Additionally, TEX14-interacting protein RBM44, whose localization in stabile intercellular bridges is limited to pachytene and secondary spermatocytes, may participate in processes such as RNA transport but is nonessential to the maintenance of intercellular bridge stability.	pachytene	113-122	testis expressed 14, intercellular bridge forming factor	Homo sapiens	14-19
21669984-6	2011	Additionally, TEX14-interacting protein RBM44, whose localization in stabile intercellular bridges is limited to pachytene and secondary spermatocytes, may participate in processes such as RNA transport but is nonessential to the maintenance of intercellular bridge stability.	pachytene	113-122	RNA binding motif protein 44	Homo sapiens	40-45
21197455-7	2011	The mean number of MLH1 foci per pachytene in the control group was higher (49) than the mean found in the 9qh+++ patient (38) (P < .0001).	pachytene	33-42	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
21901106-6	2011	Restricting CEP-1 expression to cells in late pachytene is thought to ensure that apoptosis doesn"t occur in earlier-stage cells where meiotic recombination occurs.	pachytene	46-55	Transcription factor cep-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	12-17
21274006-4	2011	RAD21 transiently localizes to axial elements after the dissociation of RAD21L and REC8 in late pachytene, a period of recombination repair.	pachytene	96-105	RAD21 cohesin complex component	Homo sapiens	0-5
21274006-4	2011	RAD21 transiently localizes to axial elements after the dissociation of RAD21L and REC8 in late pachytene, a period of recombination repair.	pachytene	96-105	REC8 meiotic recombination protein	Homo sapiens	83-87
20825495-3	2010	In this study, we showed that Cdc28 exhibits punctate staining on chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. Chromosomal localization of Cdc28, dependent on Clb5 and/or Clb6, is frequently observed in zygotene and pachytene, when formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) occurs.	pachytene	210-219	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-35
20825495-3	2010	In this study, we showed that Cdc28 exhibits punctate staining on chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. Chromosomal localization of Cdc28, dependent on Clb5 and/or Clb6, is frequently observed in zygotene and pachytene, when formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) occurs.	pachytene	210-219	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	133-138
20825495-3	2010	In this study, we showed that Cdc28 exhibits punctate staining on chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. Chromosomal localization of Cdc28, dependent on Clb5 and/or Clb6, is frequently observed in zygotene and pachytene, when formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) occurs.	pachytene	210-219	B-type cyclin CLB5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	153-157
20577743-5	2010	In wild-type mice, DNMT3A protein showed a dramatic accumulation in the nucleus during the mid-pachytene stage and distinct association with the XY body.	pachytene	95-104	DNA methyltransferase 3A	Mus musculus	19-25
21079677-7	2010	Hormad1 deficient (Hormad1(-/) (-)) testes exhibit meiotic arrest in the early pachytene stage, and synaptonemal complexes cannot be visualized by electron microscopy.	pachytene	79-88	HORMA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
21079677-7	2010	Hormad1 deficient (Hormad1(-/) (-)) testes exhibit meiotic arrest in the early pachytene stage, and synaptonemal complexes cannot be visualized by electron microscopy.	pachytene	79-88	HORMA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	19-26
20647542-6	2010	Expression kinetics in males suggested a role for SPO11alpha in pachytene/diplotene spermatocytes.	pachytene	64-73	SPO11 initiator of meiotic double stranded breaks	Mus musculus	50-60