PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 15991015-1 2005 Suppression of sex steroid production based on desensitisation and down-regulation of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-receptors by agonistic GnRH-analogues resulting in the blockage of gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary gland is a well-established approach in a variety of clinical conditions. Steroids 19-26 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 15991015-1 2005 Suppression of sex steroid production based on desensitisation and down-regulation of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-receptors by agonistic GnRH-analogues resulting in the blockage of gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary gland is a well-established approach in a variety of clinical conditions. Steroids 19-26 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 157-161 15991015-6 2005 However, GnRH-antagonists may be useful in a variety of other malignant and non-malignant indications where rapid sex steroid suppression is desired, such as uterine leiomyomas, endometriosis, gynaecological cancers or benign prostatic hyperplasia. Steroids 118-125 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 15823826-0 2005 Effect of steroid add-back therapy on the proliferative activity of uterine leiomyoma cells under gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy. Steroids 10-17 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 98-128 16302717-1 2005 The objective of GnRH agonist treatment in precocious puberty is to block pubertal development, and to reduce the action of sex steroids on bone maturation in order to restore normal long-term growth of the skeleton. Steroids 128-136 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 16144493-4 2005 GnRH analogues are indicated for clinical situations in which the suppression of endogenous gonadotropins (precocious puberty, contraception and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation) or sexual steroids (endometriosis, prostate hyperplasia, cancer and uterine fibroids) is desired. Steroids 192-200 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15982835-7 2005 In these tissues, GnRH is considered to act by autocrine or paracrine manner and regulate ovarian steroidogenesis by having stimulatory as well as inhibitory effect on the production of steroid hormones and apoptosis in ovarian follicle and corpus luteum. Steroids 186-202 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 15993012-9 2005 Regulation of GnRH-R gene expression is influenced by a multitude of factors including gonadal steroid hormones, inhibin, activin and perhaps most importantly GnRH itself. Steroids 95-111 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 15993013-1 2005 Comprehensive studies have provided a clear understanding of the effects of gonadal steroids on the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), but some inconsistent results exist with regard to effects on synthesis. Steroids 84-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 113-143 15993013-1 2005 Comprehensive studies have provided a clear understanding of the effects of gonadal steroids on the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), but some inconsistent results exist with regard to effects on synthesis. Steroids 84-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 15993013-3 2005 Thus, steroid regulation of GnRH synthesis and secretion can be direct, but the predominant effects are transmitted through steroid-responsive neuronal systems in various parts of the brain. Steroids 6-13 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 16208277-2 2005 Pulsatile GnRH secretion stimulates pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) which induces gonadal steroid secretion, ovulation and oogenesis. Steroids 132-139 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 15796763-3 2005 The phenomenon of oestrogen positive feedback, although extensively investigated, is not completely understood, and may involve the actions of this steroid directly on GnRH perikarya, as well as on the activity of neuronal afferents. Steroids 148-155 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 16364226-4 2005 In contrast, in ewes treated with GnRH alone, ER and PR concentrations increased in the early luteal phase, which may increase the inhibitory effects of steroid hormones on luteinising hormone secretion, ultimately leading to the development of subnormal luteal phases. Steroids 153-169 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 15344918-7 2004 In the brain, GnRH I and II apparently modulate mammalian reproductive behaviours in different but complementary ways: GnRH I stimulates luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone secretion (and thus gonadal steroids) and promotes sexual behaviour in ad libitum fed animals. Steroids 214-222 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 15452575-3 2004 High-frequency GnRH release results from disinhibition and activation of GnRH neurons at puberty onset, leading to gametogenesis and an increase in gonadal steroid hormone secretion. Steroids 156-171 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 15452575-3 2004 High-frequency GnRH release results from disinhibition and activation of GnRH neurons at puberty onset, leading to gametogenesis and an increase in gonadal steroid hormone secretion. Steroids 156-171 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15613448-6 2004 Agonists of GnRH are delivered in a continuous mode to turn off reproductive function by inhibiting gonadotropin production, thus lowering sex steroid production, resulting in medical castration. Steroids 143-150 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 15344918-7 2004 In the brain, GnRH I and II apparently modulate mammalian reproductive behaviours in different but complementary ways: GnRH I stimulates luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone secretion (and thus gonadal steroids) and promotes sexual behaviour in ad libitum fed animals. Steroids 214-222 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 15339244-2 2004 Treatment of precocious puberty with GnRH analogs (GnRHa), by reducing sex steroid levels, leads to a situation of hypoestrogenism that may theoretically have a detrimental effect on bone mass during pubertal development. Steroids 75-82 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 14993047-8 2003 It is likely that the regulatory role of sex steroids including estradiol is very complex since it could involve direct and indirect effects on GnRH neurons through genomic and/or non-genomic mechanisms. Steroids 45-53 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 12770744-2 2003 Recent findings have demonstrated that both forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and GnRH-II) are expressed in various compartments of the human ovary including the granulosa-luteal cells, ovarian surface epithelial cells and ovarian tumors, and their expressions have been shown to be tightly regulated by gonadal steroids and gonadotropins. Steroids 326-334 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 53-83 12954050-10 2003 Thus, GnRH-based conjugates may affect cancer cells not only by acting as classic GnRH analogues to reduce the plasma levels of steroids by desensitization of the pituitary gland but also by selective photodamage of cells that express GnRH receptors. Steroids 128-136 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 12954050-10 2003 Thus, GnRH-based conjugates may affect cancer cells not only by acting as classic GnRH analogues to reduce the plasma levels of steroids by desensitization of the pituitary gland but also by selective photodamage of cells that express GnRH receptors. Steroids 128-136 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 12954050-10 2003 Thus, GnRH-based conjugates may affect cancer cells not only by acting as classic GnRH analogues to reduce the plasma levels of steroids by desensitization of the pituitary gland but also by selective photodamage of cells that express GnRH receptors. Steroids 128-136 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 12851694-3 2003 The original rationale for a GnRH analogue in the treatment was to block the endogenous gonadotropin and thereby steroid hormone secretion which was thought to stimulate tumor growth. Steroids 113-128 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 12963103-0 2003 Role of glial cells, growth factors and steroid hormones in the control of LHRH-secreting neurons. Steroids 40-56 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 12963103-1 2003 The mechanisms through which steroid hormones influence the LHRH system are not completely clarified and still represent a crucial and debated field of research in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. Steroids 29-36 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 12963103-4 2003 To this purpose, the possibility that the effects of steroid hormones on LHRH neurons may be mediated by glial elements has been taken in consideration and observations supporting this hypothesis have been reported and discussed here. Steroids 53-69 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 12963103-5 2003 The results so far obtained strongly suggest that steroid hormones and growth factors, in order to exert their modulatory actions on LHRH dynamic, act in an integrated manner at the level of hypothalamic astrocytes. Steroids 50-66 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 12626769-8 2003 The steroid hormone 17beta-estradiol, which triggers the GnRH and luteinizing hormone surge, has been shown to induce the astrocyte-regulated changes in hypothalamic synaptic plasticity, as well as enhance formation and release of the astrocyte neuroactive factors, thereby providing another potential mechanistic layer for astrocyte regulation of GnRH release. Steroids 4-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 12626769-8 2003 The steroid hormone 17beta-estradiol, which triggers the GnRH and luteinizing hormone surge, has been shown to induce the astrocyte-regulated changes in hypothalamic synaptic plasticity, as well as enhance formation and release of the astrocyte neuroactive factors, thereby providing another potential mechanistic layer for astrocyte regulation of GnRH release. Steroids 4-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 348-352 15775084-1 2003 GnRH therapy is useful for the treatment of various diseases, such as prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma, based on its reduction of sex steroids. Steroids 151-159 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12468639-1 2002 The objective of this study was to elucidate the biological significance of GnRH and antiprogestins and antiestrogen in leiomyoma and their interactions with ovarian steroid "add-back" therapy. Steroids 166-173 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 12574197-0 2003 Differential regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)I and GnRHII messenger ribonucleic acid by gonadal steroids in human granulosa luteal cells. Steroids 115-123 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 27-57 12574197-0 2003 Differential regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)I and GnRHII messenger ribonucleic acid by gonadal steroids in human granulosa luteal cells. Steroids 115-123 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 11994378-0 2002 Evidence that GnRH decreases with gonadal steroid feedback but increases with age in postmenopausal women. Steroids 42-49 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 12536355-4 2002 One of the mechanisms by which FSH is differentially synthesized involves the luteal slowing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency by ovarian steroids. Steroids 161-169 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 96-126 12536355-4 2002 One of the mechanisms by which FSH is differentially synthesized involves the luteal slowing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency by ovarian steroids. Steroids 161-169 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 12536355-6 2002 The etiology of the neuroendocrine abnormalities in PCOS remain unclear; however, recent studies have revealed decreased sensitivity of the GnRH pulse generator to inhibition by ovarian steroids, particularly progesterone. Steroids 186-194 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 12536355-7 2002 This abnormality is reversed by the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide, suggesting that elevated androgen levels may alter the sensitivity of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator to steroid inhibition and lead to enhanced LH secretion. Steroids 187-194 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 12142224-2 2002 These effects can occur as a result of steroid hormones modifying the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, or a direct effect of steroid hormones on gonadotropin secreting cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Steroids 39-55 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 83-113 12142224-2 2002 These effects can occur as a result of steroid hormones modifying the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, or a direct effect of steroid hormones on gonadotropin secreting cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Steroids 39-55 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 12072381-1 2002 Sex steroids influence LHRH neuronal activity, exerting a negative or positive feedback action, depending on the reproductive state of the animal. Steroids 4-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 12045004-3 2002 GnRH analogues produce an efficient inhibition of gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones. Steroids 72-88 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12045004-8 2002 The present review elucidate the role of GnRH receptors in cancer and their connection with steroid hormones. Steroids 92-99 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 12045004-10 2002 A very tight link exists between steroid hormones and GnRH analogues both on central pituitary gonadal axis and on tumor receptors peripherically. Steroids 33-49 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 11994378-12 2002 However, the effect of gonadal steroid feedback on endogenous GnRH secretion was similar in young and old PMW. Steroids 31-38 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 11885134-5 2002 Subjects with normal basal serum levels of gonadotropins, low levels (men and women pretreated with steroids) and high levels (e.g. post menopausal women) all responded to LH-RH with a release of LH and FSH. Steroids 100-108 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 11726570-1 2001 BACKGROUND: In order to investigate whether gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists exert a significant effect on steroid secretion in vivo compared with GnRH agonists, concentrations of sex steroid hormones (oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone) were studied in follicular fluid from women undergoing ovarian stimulation and treated with either GnRH agonist or antagonist. Steroids 125-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-75 11726570-1 2001 BACKGROUND: In order to investigate whether gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists exert a significant effect on steroid secretion in vivo compared with GnRH agonists, concentrations of sex steroid hormones (oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone) were studied in follicular fluid from women undergoing ovarian stimulation and treated with either GnRH agonist or antagonist. Steroids 125-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 11604221-4 2001 During ovulatory cycles, an increase in GnRH frequency during the follicular phase favors LH synthesis prior to the LH surge, while following ovulation, luteal steroids slow GnRH pulses to favor FSH synthesis. Steroids 160-168 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 11408779-2 2001 This study investigated the central mechanisms through which progesterone might achieve these divergent effects by examining the effects of exogenous steroids on the activation of GnRH neurons and non-GnRH-immunopositive cells in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus of steroid-treated ovariectomized ewes. Steroids 150-158 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 11521952-1 2001 In this study we investigated the effects of treatment by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) on the morphology and steroid release of ovarian tissues in the Western painted turtle, (Chrysemys picta). Steroids 125-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 11408779-2 2001 This study investigated the central mechanisms through which progesterone might achieve these divergent effects by examining the effects of exogenous steroids on the activation of GnRH neurons and non-GnRH-immunopositive cells in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus of steroid-treated ovariectomized ewes. Steroids 150-157 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 10655292-1 2000 The feasibility of administering a relatively high dose of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist ganirelix by means of a needle-free injection device, which could be useful in the long-term treatment of sex-steroid-dependent disorders, was evaluated in a randomized, crossover study in 16 healthy females. Steroids 223-230 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 63-94 10844216-4 2000 Although application as a fertility control agent in men is unlikely, there is renewed interest in active immunization against GnRH as a means of treating prostate cancers and related steroid-dependent pathologies. Steroids 184-191 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 10864844-2 2000 The aim of the present study was to determine whether this sex difference reflects a sexually dimorphic effect of gonadal steroids on mediobasal hypothalamic GnRH mRNA content of male and female ferrets killed 4 weeks after gonadectomy, either with or without steroid hormone replacement. Steroids 122-130 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 11281820-2 2001 LHRH agonists are widely and successfully used for the management of steroid-dependent malignancies. Steroids 69-76 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11281820-13 2001 The observation that the inhibitory LHRH autocrine system is also present in some steroid-unresponsive cancer cell lines might suggest a possible clinical utility of LHRH analogues also for those tumours that have escaped the initial phase of hormone dependency. Steroids 82-89 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11281820-13 2001 The observation that the inhibitory LHRH autocrine system is also present in some steroid-unresponsive cancer cell lines might suggest a possible clinical utility of LHRH analogues also for those tumours that have escaped the initial phase of hormone dependency. Steroids 82-89 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 11109973-1 2000 The aim of the study was to evaluate the hormonal (focusing on the urinary steroid profile) and clinical effects of chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffering from hirsutism. Steroids 75-82 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 124-154 10875643-0 2000 GnRH antagonist inhibition of gonadotropin and steroid secretion in boars in vivo and steroid production in vitro. Steroids 47-54 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10655292-1 2000 The feasibility of administering a relatively high dose of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist ganirelix by means of a needle-free injection device, which could be useful in the long-term treatment of sex-steroid-dependent disorders, was evaluated in a randomized, crossover study in 16 healthy females. Steroids 223-230 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 10718911-12 2000 These data provide the first direct evidence for expression of excitatory GABAA receptors, and the first demonstration of acute steroid effects, on GnRH-responsive pituitary cells. Steroids 128-135 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 148-152 11255560-5 2000 In addition, GnRH analogues have promise as new generation male and female contraceptives in conjunction with steroid hormone replacement. Steroids 110-125 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 10573034-8 1999 GnRH receptors and their functions are regulated by GnRH itself or other hormones such as ovarian steroids. Steroids 98-106 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10796497-3 2000 The administration of anti-oestrogens is a common treatment because anti oestrogens interfere with the normal negative feedback of sex steroids at hypothalamic and pituitary levels in order to increase endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion from the hypothalamus and FSH and LH secretion directly from the pituitary. Steroids 135-143 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 213-243 10685334-4 1999 LH-RH antagonists inhibit LH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and sex steroid secretion immediately after their administration and thus achieve rapid therapeutic effects. Steroids 74-81 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 10515307-5 1999 In addition to these gonadal hormones, the hypothalamic peptide LHRH (having a key role in the neuroendocrine regulation of steroid release from the gonads) appears to generate discriminative stimulus properties. Steroids 124-131 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 10566683-0 1999 Sex steroids and odorants modulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in primary cultures of human olfactory cells. Steroids 4-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 35-65 10566683-8 1999 The release of GnRH was time dependent and was positively affected by sex steroids and odorants. Steroids 74-82 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 10566683-11 1999 When the cells were stimulated with increasing concentrations of 17beta-estradiol in the presence of a fixed concentration of progesterone (10(-7) mol/L), the combination of the two steroids induced a 3- to 4-fold increase in GnRH secretion. Steroids 182-190 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 10573034-8 1999 GnRH receptors and their functions are regulated by GnRH itself or other hormones such as ovarian steroids. Steroids 98-106 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 10102568-1 1999 Human prostate and breast tumor cells produce luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors on their cell surface even when they have lost dependency on sex steroid hormones for growth. Steroids 166-182 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-83 10465307-2 1999 The reported absence of estrogen receptors (ERs) in LHRH neurons indicates that estrogen-receptive neurons that are afferent to LHRH neurons are involved in mediating the effects of this steroid. Steroids 187-194 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 10357099-6 1999 GnRH-regulated gonadotrophin subunit gene expression is modulated by transcription factors controlled by a complex interaction of GnRH, steroids and gonadal peptides, all of which bind to receptors that activate disparate intracellular signalling pathways. Steroids 136-144 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10357099-6 1999 GnRH-regulated gonadotrophin subunit gene expression is modulated by transcription factors controlled by a complex interaction of GnRH, steroids and gonadal peptides, all of which bind to receptors that activate disparate intracellular signalling pathways. Steroids 136-144 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 10102568-1 1999 Human prostate and breast tumor cells produce luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors on their cell surface even when they have lost dependency on sex steroid hormones for growth. Steroids 166-182 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 10102568-8 1999 Thus, a new class of biomedicines that act as fusion proteins between LHRH and toxins will give us a new avenue for the treatment of human prostate and breast cancers, regardless of their steroid hormone dependency. Steroids 188-203 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 10573298-4 1999 The advantage of the LH-RH antagonists is due to the fact that they inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins and sex steroids immediately after the first injection and thus achieve rapid therapeutic effects in contrast to the agonists, which require repeated administration. Steroids 115-123 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 10077358-9 1999 GnRH-antagonist pretreatment is a useful model to evaluate the effect of exogenous testosterone in clinical studies, when, due to fluctuations in endogenous hormone levels, an estimation of the proportion of exogenous steroid is not possible. Steroids 218-225 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 9843640-2 1998 In all cases documented to date, GnRH neurons located in the forebrain are critical players in the brain-pituitary-gonadal feedback axis although the details of how steroids regulate GnRH remain elusive. Steroids 165-173 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 9843640-2 1998 In all cases documented to date, GnRH neurons located in the forebrain are critical players in the brain-pituitary-gonadal feedback axis although the details of how steroids regulate GnRH remain elusive. Steroids 165-173 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 183-187 9713333-0 1998 The neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone suppresses hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release through a mechanism mediated by the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor. Steroids 16-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 65-95 9749566-3 1998 Changes in immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion are of interest in patients with a gonadotropin and gonadal steroid deficit, because both steroid and pituitary feedback systems are altered by tumors or tumor resection. Steroids 134-141 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 26-56 9749566-3 1998 Changes in immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion are of interest in patients with a gonadotropin and gonadal steroid deficit, because both steroid and pituitary feedback systems are altered by tumors or tumor resection. Steroids 134-141 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 9678069-4 1998 At the hypothalamic level, the principal target for sex steroids is those neurons producing the pulsatile release of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), localized in the mediobasal hypothalamus and the arcuate nucleus. Steroids 56-64 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 121-151 9700470-1 1998 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonists have been known to directly affect steroid hormone production in human granulosa cells. Steroids 90-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 9700470-1 1998 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonists have been known to directly affect steroid hormone production in human granulosa cells. Steroids 90-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 9678069-4 1998 At the hypothalamic level, the principal target for sex steroids is those neurons producing the pulsatile release of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), localized in the mediobasal hypothalamus and the arcuate nucleus. Steroids 56-64 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 9524733-16 1998 Some recent data regarding the site of action of gonadal steroids on the LHRH neuronal system, the functional significance of galanin colocalization with LHRH, and the role of nitric oxide in the pulse generating mechanism are also discussed. Steroids 57-65 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 9564663-6 1998 In a parallel manner, chronic GnRH agonist treatment plus low-dose steroid therapy (estrogen plus progestin or progestin only) is effective in the treatment of pelvic pain caused by endometriosis and reduces the hypoestrogenic effects associated with hypoestrogenism caused by the GnRH agonist. Steroids 67-74 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 281-285 9459276-14 1997 Antibodies against LHRH block the generation of gametes and sex steroids, with the result that the vaccine can be used for fertility control (domestic pets, prolongation of lactation amenorrhoea); as well as for sex hormone-dependent cancers. Steroids 64-72 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 10837570-4 1997 For prostate cancer and other indications, the new LH-RH antagonists such as Cetrorelix may offer an advantage based on the fact that they inhibit LH, FSH and sex-steroid secretion from the start of the administration and thus reduce the time of the onset of therapeutic effects. Steroids 163-170 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 9396276-1 1997 Physiological gonadotropin levels are modulated by complex relationships between sex steroids and the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses. Steroids 85-93 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 115-145 9396276-1 1997 Physiological gonadotropin levels are modulated by complex relationships between sex steroids and the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses. Steroids 85-93 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 9396276-4 1997 Gonadotropin secretion and subunit gene expression are regulated by sex steroids acting either directly at the pituitary level or indirectly by alteration of GnRH pulses from the hypothalamus. Steroids 72-80 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 8803306-1 1996 BACKGROUND: Administration of superactive agonistic analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has shown to induce a paradoxic and reversible suppression of gonadotropins, so that gonadal steroid concentrations are suppressed and hypoestrogenemia is induced. Steroids 193-200 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-92 15305569-7 1997 Seasonal changes in brain GnRH levels may correlate with plasma sex steroid levels reinforcing the postulate that sex steroids affect GnRH neuronal systems. Steroids 68-75 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 15305569-7 1997 Seasonal changes in brain GnRH levels may correlate with plasma sex steroid levels reinforcing the postulate that sex steroids affect GnRH neuronal systems. Steroids 68-75 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 9370210-2 1997 A major factor responsible for the occurrence of seasonal reproductive transitions is a striking change in the responsiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to the inhibitory effects of gonadal steroids. Steroids 212-220 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 129-159 9370210-2 1997 A major factor responsible for the occurrence of seasonal reproductive transitions is a striking change in the responsiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to the inhibitory effects of gonadal steroids. Steroids 212-220 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 8789746-1 1996 Since 1982 LHRH agonists have been used as a treatment modality in patients with disseminated breast cancer and gynecologic malignancies, based on the assumption of steroid dependence of these cancers. Steroids 165-172 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 9678110-4 1997 Furthermore, several studies have shown a correlation between brain neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and sex steroid hormones: they influence synthesis and release of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, beta-endorphin, corticotropin releasing factor and prolactin. Steroids 109-125 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 193-234 9227918-0 1996 The concentration of GnRH in hypothalamus, LH and FSH in pituitary, LH, PRL and sex steroids in peripheral and ovarian venous plasma of hypo- and hyperthyroid, cysts-bearing gilts. Steroids 84-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 8767185-3 1996 The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of a GnRH-A on peripheral LH, FSH and steroid concentrations, measured by specific RIA methods, in cyclic gilts. Steroids 98-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 8612536-8 1996 Furthermore, L-Arg (1 or 10.0 mM) and the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (1 or 10.0 mM), stimulated the basal and K(+)-induced in vitro release of LHRH and NPY from the hypothalami of ovarian steroid-primed ovx rats. Steroids 192-199 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 8754250-2 1996 Recent advances in molecular genetic technology have contributed greatly to the investigation of several aspects of GnRH physiology, particularly steroid hormone and neurotransmitter regulation of GnRH gene expression. Steroids 146-161 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 8754250-3 1996 Behavioral studies have focused on the actions of GnRH in steroid-sensitive brain regions to understand better its role in the facilitation of mating behavior. Steroids 58-65 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 8743965-0 1996 Steroid imprinting and modulation of sexual dimorphism in the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neuronal system. Steroids 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-99 8636302-15 1996 The results suggest that in GnRH-deficient male patients, sex steroids, rather than LH, modulate pineal melatonin in a reverse fashion. Steroids 62-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 8563241-4 1995 As GnRH-analogue treatment dramatically reduces sexual steroid levels, I hypothesized the need for steroid hormone substitution during this treatment. Steroids 55-62 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 3-7 8563241-4 1995 As GnRH-analogue treatment dramatically reduces sexual steroid levels, I hypothesized the need for steroid hormone substitution during this treatment. Steroids 99-114 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 3-7 7615097-5 1995 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatility is regulated by a complex mechanism that integrates multiple neurotransmitters and sex steroids. Steroids 130-138 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 7627337-0 1995 Delayed puberty in males with beta-thalassemia major: pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration induces changes in gonadotropin isoform profiles and an increase in sex steroids. Steroids 182-190 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 64-94 8567825-6 1995 This different pharmacological mechanism of LHRH antagonists makes possible new approaches to ovarian stimulation and to the therapy of sex steroid dependent diseases. Steroids 140-147 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 7626460-4 1995 In fact, a specific gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regulation of placental steroidogenesis has been proposed as a placental internal regulatory system acting on steroids production from human placenta. Steroids 203-211 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 20-50 7617130-0 1995 Differential regulation of the two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (mGnRH and cGnRH-II) by sex steroids in the European female silver eel (Anguilla anguilla). Steroids 103-111 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-74 7617130-5 1995 This work demonstrates that the two forms of GnRH undergo a differential regulation by steroids, with a positive estrogen-dependent feedback on mGnRH (as well as on GTH) and a negative androgen-dependent feedback on cGnRH-II. Steroids 87-95 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 7849900-2 1994 This early onset of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activation leads to secretion of gonadal steroids and therefore to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Steroids 112-120 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 24-54 8043499-9 1994 These data clearly indicate that the LHRH system expressed in LNCaP cells plays an inhibitory role on cell proliferation, and that this system seems to be regulated in a negative way by steroids. Steroids 186-194 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 7880407-7 1994 CONCLUSIONS: Assuming similar effects in humans and rodents, the gonadal steroid suppression achieved by GnRH antagonist treatment has no apparent suppressive effects on the immune system. Steroids 73-80 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 7729821-0 1994 Steroid hormone regulation and tissue-specific expression of the human GnRH gene in cell culture and transgenic animals. Steroids 0-15 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 8038414-2 1994 As biochemical probes, these recently developed compounds have allowed for profound insights into the physiology of the pituitary-ovarian and pituitary-testicular axes; as therapeutic alternatives, the GnRH antagonists hold great promise for various clinical applications, including contraception, ovulation induction, precocious puberty, and gonadal steroid-dependent neoplasia. Steroids 351-358 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 8286620-9 1993 These findings lead to the conclusion that there is a marked seasonal change in the negative feedback effect of estradiol on episodic GnRH secretion in the ewe, with the steroid being maximally effective during anestrus. Steroids 170-177 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 7949598-3 1994 This increase was probably due to the IGF-I therapy, as the LHRH analogue would have suppressed gonadotrophins and gonadal steroid production. Steroids 123-130 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 8164367-6 1994 Development of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs is another way to suppress steroid hormones. Steroids 81-97 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 15-45 8198390-5 1994 This biochemical castration induced by GnRH agonist administration is a safe, effective, complete, and reversible method of removing the overlay of gonadal steroids from a variety of diseases which they are known to exacerbate. Steroids 156-164 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 8243264-2 1993 Gonadal steroids are presently considered to account for the entire gonadal feedback mechanism that modulates LHRH secretion. Steroids 8-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 8243264-9 1993 These data lead to the new concept that the testicular signals that govern LHRH pulse frequency may be not only steroids, but also proteins. Steroids 112-120 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 8406417-1 1993 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH agonists) cause pituitary desensitization by downregulation of GnRH receptors, decrease gonadal steroid production, and reduce uterine volume in women with leiomyomas. Steroids 143-150 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 8262004-4 1993 The current understanding is shaped by the thesis that the concerted central actions of E2 and P are mediated by a host of regulatory peptides produced locally in the hypothalamus, and steroids, in general, augment the production and release of both inhibitory and excitatory peptides in a timely fashion to facilitate the preovulatory LHRH discharge. Steroids 185-193 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 336-340 8276970-4 1993 This reflects the effects of ovarian steroids inhibiting the frequency of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by the hypothalamus, and the direct effects of oestradiol and inhibin to reduce gonadotroph (FSH) secretion. Steroids 37-45 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 8406417-1 1993 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH agonists) cause pituitary desensitization by downregulation of GnRH receptors, decrease gonadal steroid production, and reduce uterine volume in women with leiomyomas. Steroids 143-150 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 8373970-9 1993 Therefore, during the mid-luteal phase of the bovine estrous cycle, ovarian steroid (i.e., luteal progesterone) suppression of LHRH release (as reflected by serum LH) is coincident with decreased LHRH mRNA in the brain. Steroids 76-83 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 8373970-9 1993 Therefore, during the mid-luteal phase of the bovine estrous cycle, ovarian steroid (i.e., luteal progesterone) suppression of LHRH release (as reflected by serum LH) is coincident with decreased LHRH mRNA in the brain. Steroids 76-83 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 196-200 8233058-0 1993 GABA control of LHRH release is dependent on the steroid milieu. Steroids 49-56 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 8499684-3 1993 In view of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues on sex steroid levels, it seems of interest to investigate carbohydrate metabolism following treatment with these compounds. Steroids 73-80 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 25-55 8367037-9 1993 However, large numbers of adjacent GABA neurons possess ERs and may comprise a major neuronal population mediating gonadal steroid input to LHRH neurons. Steroids 123-130 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 8491076-4 1993 The menstrual cycle can be manipulated with transdermal estrogen and cyclic oral progesterone, oral contraceptives, danazol, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with steroid hormone replacement. Steroids 173-188 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 128-158 8432780-0 1993 Maturation of gonadotropin and sex steroid responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in males. Steroids 35-42 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 56-86 1327011-6 1992 Gonadal steroids involved in the control of LHRH secretion increased TGF-alpha mRNA levels. Steroids 8-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 8202820-3 1993 The inhibition of pituitary and gonadal function that occurs after chronic administration of agonists of LH-RH, with the creation of a sex steroid deprivation and elimination of stimulatory effects of oestrogen or testosterone, is the basis for their application in oncology. Steroids 139-146 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 1343976-5 1992 These amines are involved in steroid-dependent and steroid-independent regulation of LHRH/LH discharge. Steroids 29-36 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 1343976-5 1992 These amines are involved in steroid-dependent and steroid-independent regulation of LHRH/LH discharge. Steroids 51-58 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 1986827-2 1991 Several Gn-RH agonists are available for clinical use, and all act through the same mechanism: first to stimulate and then to inhibit gonadotropin and gonadal steroid secretion by downregulating the pituitary Gn-RN receptors. Steroids 159-166 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 8-13 1682040-2 1991 Some inhibitory effect of [D-Trp6] LH-RH microcapsules releasing 25 micrograms/day on tumor growth was observed that could be due to sex steroid deprivation, but the inhibition was not statistically significant. Steroids 137-144 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 1402231-6 1992 The growth pattern of leiomyomas indicates that LH-RH analogue, which induces temporal regression of ovarian steroids, becomes one of candidates for the conservative treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Steroids 109-117 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 48-53 1427636-3 1992 Ovarian steroids can interfere with gonadotropin regulation by either direct effects on GnRH release or by increasing the sensitivity of anterior pituitary cells to GnRH, thus potentiating the release of pituitary hormones. Steroids 8-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 1427636-3 1992 Ovarian steroids can interfere with gonadotropin regulation by either direct effects on GnRH release or by increasing the sensitivity of anterior pituitary cells to GnRH, thus potentiating the release of pituitary hormones. Steroids 8-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 165-169 1455564-1 1992 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists induce a clinically undesirable, transitory but very pronounced initial rise of gonadotropin and gonadal steroid secretion. Steroids 152-159 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 1455564-1 1992 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists induce a clinically undesirable, transitory but very pronounced initial rise of gonadotropin and gonadal steroid secretion. Steroids 152-159 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 1950598-0 1991 In vitro steroid production by follicles of frog Rana esculenta: mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone effects. Steroids 9-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 75-105 1986827-5 1991 Gn-RH agonists have proved to be extremely efficacious in treating gonadal steroid-dependent problems such as endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma, precocious puberty and prostate and breast cancers, and they have resulted in very few side effects. Steroids 75-82 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 1827557-0 1991 Effects of the duration of therapy with the LHRH agonist D-ser (BUT)6 Azgly10-LHRH (ICI 118-630) on the steroid hormone content and the morphology of human testicular tissue in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Steroids 104-119 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 1944011-7 1991 The study underlines drug-induced variations in gonadotropin responsiveness to LHRH which are probably due to variations in the steroid milieu. Steroids 128-135 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 1827557-0 1991 Effects of the duration of therapy with the LHRH agonist D-ser (BUT)6 Azgly10-LHRH (ICI 118-630) on the steroid hormone content and the morphology of human testicular tissue in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Steroids 104-119 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 2156890-0 1990 Steroid hormones modulate the release of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone from cultured human placental cells. Steroids 0-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 56-86 2245840-7 1990 In intact monkeys, ovarian steroid secretions were abruptly subdued and then successfully re-established by pulsatile GnRH in the face of sustained circulating levels of Antide. Steroids 27-34 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 2240130-1 1990 The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and the consequent secretion of gonadotropins are regulated by a complex interplay of steroids, neuropeptides, catecholamines, and environmental factors. Steroids 142-150 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 25-55 2123501-5 1990 Steroid-free hFF significantly reduced basal FSH, but not basal LH, secretion, and significantly attenuated the LH and FSH responses to LHRH. Steroids 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 2189502-4 1990 Steroid-extracted hFF, added to the perfusing medium, attenuated the self-priming action of GnRH in a dose-dependent manner. Steroids 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 34122341-4 2021 Increased GnRH pulse frequency can promote LH secretion, leading to ovarian dysfunction and abnormal sex steroids synthesis. Steroids 105-113 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 34346492-1 2021 Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy affecting women worldwide, is characterized by elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency due to the impaired suppression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by steroid hormone negative feedback. Steroids 249-256 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 199-230 34346492-1 2021 Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy affecting women worldwide, is characterized by elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency due to the impaired suppression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by steroid hormone negative feedback. Steroids 249-256 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 232-236 34228631-4 2021 Due to the expression of these receptors, GnRH neurons, the hypothalamic neurons that control them, and pituitary gonadotropes are sensitive to exogenous compounds that interact with steroid and nuclear receptors or alter hormone production and metabolism. Steroids 183-190 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 34435651-2 2021 Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that steroid hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis can play a role in stimulating or inhibiting OC progression, with gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens promoting OC progression, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and progesterone may be protective factors in OC. Steroids 47-54 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 287-291 34122341-5 2021 By contrast, peripheral sex steroids can modulate the action of GnRH neurons through a feedback effect, which is impaired in PCOS, thus forming a vicious cycle. Steroids 28-36 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 34225936-2 2021 GnRH released into the median eminence regulates the secretion of the gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary, which in turn activates gametogenesis and steroid synthesis by the gonads. Steroids 155-162 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 34113353-4 2021 Aiming to investigate the effect of estrogen on IgG glycosylation, we analysed IgG and total serum glycomes in 36 healthy premenopausal women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHAG) leuprolide acetate to lower gonadal steroids to postmenopausal levels and then randomized to transdermal placebo or estradiol (E2) patch. Steroids 276-284 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 191-221 34238478-2 2021 Gonadarche referring to growth and maturation of the gonads is fundamental to puberty since it encompasses increased gonadal steroid secretion and initiation of gametogenesis resulting from enhanced pituitary gonadotropin secretion, triggered in turn by robust pulsatile GnRH release from the hypothalamus. Steroids 125-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 271-275 34225936-4 2021 In both sexes, GnRH release is regulated by sex steroid hormones, acting at the level of the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary in a classic feedback loop. Steroids 48-55 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 34225936-5 2021 Because GnRH neurons do not express sex steroid receptors, hormone effects on GnRH release are presumed to be mediated indirectly through other steroid-sensitive neuronal systems, which then converge onto GnRH cell bodies and/or terminals. Steroids 144-151 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 34225936-5 2021 Because GnRH neurons do not express sex steroid receptors, hormone effects on GnRH release are presumed to be mediated indirectly through other steroid-sensitive neuronal systems, which then converge onto GnRH cell bodies and/or terminals. Steroids 144-151 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 35103457-6 2022 The physiological pulsatile release of GnRH is controlled by central and peripheral factors, including kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin from KNDy neurons, and sex steroids and leptin, respectively. Steroids 169-177 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 35301447-3 2022 Steroid-dependent pathologies, including various cancers, are commonly treated with GnRH super-analogs which have long-term side-effects, while humane solutions for controlling reproduction in domestic and wild animal populations are lacking. Steroids 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 35532554-5 2022 These include (i) hypothalamic development during embryogenesis, (ii) synaptogenesis where gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form neuronal connections with suprahypothalamic neurons, (iii) maintenance of neuron homeostasis, (iv) regulation of synthesis and secretion of GnRH, (v) appropriate receptors/proteins on neurons governing GnRH production and release, (vi) signaling molecules activated by the receptors, (vii) the synthesis and release of GnRH, (viii) the production and release of gonadotropins, (ix) testicular development, (x) synthesis and release of steroid hormones from testes, and (xi)the action of steroid hormones in downstream effector tissues. Steroids 577-584 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 91-121 35532554-5 2022 These include (i) hypothalamic development during embryogenesis, (ii) synaptogenesis where gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form neuronal connections with suprahypothalamic neurons, (iii) maintenance of neuron homeostasis, (iv) regulation of synthesis and secretion of GnRH, (v) appropriate receptors/proteins on neurons governing GnRH production and release, (vi) signaling molecules activated by the receptors, (vii) the synthesis and release of GnRH, (viii) the production and release of gonadotropins, (ix) testicular development, (x) synthesis and release of steroid hormones from testes, and (xi)the action of steroid hormones in downstream effector tissues. Steroids 577-584 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 35532554-5 2022 These include (i) hypothalamic development during embryogenesis, (ii) synaptogenesis where gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form neuronal connections with suprahypothalamic neurons, (iii) maintenance of neuron homeostasis, (iv) regulation of synthesis and secretion of GnRH, (v) appropriate receptors/proteins on neurons governing GnRH production and release, (vi) signaling molecules activated by the receptors, (vii) the synthesis and release of GnRH, (viii) the production and release of gonadotropins, (ix) testicular development, (x) synthesis and release of steroid hormones from testes, and (xi)the action of steroid hormones in downstream effector tissues. Steroids 629-636 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 91-121 35532554-5 2022 These include (i) hypothalamic development during embryogenesis, (ii) synaptogenesis where gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form neuronal connections with suprahypothalamic neurons, (iii) maintenance of neuron homeostasis, (iv) regulation of synthesis and secretion of GnRH, (v) appropriate receptors/proteins on neurons governing GnRH production and release, (vi) signaling molecules activated by the receptors, (vii) the synthesis and release of GnRH, (viii) the production and release of gonadotropins, (ix) testicular development, (x) synthesis and release of steroid hormones from testes, and (xi)the action of steroid hormones in downstream effector tissues. Steroids 629-636 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 35445462-1 2022 Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) neurons sitting within the hypothalamus control the production of gametes and sex steroids by the gonads, therefore ensuring survival of species. Steroids 120-128 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 35445462-1 2022 Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) neurons sitting within the hypothalamus control the production of gametes and sex steroids by the gonads, therefore ensuring survival of species. Steroids 120-128 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 35349177-3 2022 Resistance of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus to inhibition by sex steroid hormone-negative feedback leads to a rapid frequency of pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion, which, in turn, drives the ovarian features of the disease. Steroids 102-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 14-45 35349177-3 2022 Resistance of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus to inhibition by sex steroid hormone-negative feedback leads to a rapid frequency of pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion, which, in turn, drives the ovarian features of the disease. Steroids 102-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 35491543-2 2022 During the late infantile period, however, activity of the GnRH neurosecretory system becomes minimal as a result of gonadal steroid independent central inhibition, and this suppressed GnRH neurosecretory state continues throughout the prepubertal period. Steroids 125-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 35491543-5 2022 This review further discusses potential substrates of central inhibition and subsequent pubertal modification of the GnRH neurosecretory system by the pubertal increase in steroid hormones, which ensures the regulation of adult reproductive function. Steroids 172-179 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 35262967-3 2022 The resultant hyperandrogenism reduces negative feedback from sex steroids such as oestradiol and progesterone to the hypothalamus, and thus perpetuates the increase in GnRH pulsatility. Steroids 66-74 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 2689787-12 1989 GnRH agonists lead to an initial rise in gonadotropins and gonadal steroid secretion. Steroids 67-74 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 35049830-2 2022 This study aimed to determine the effect of a sustained-release delivery system incorporating mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (mGnRHa) into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles on the sex steroid levels and aspects of artificial reproduction of pikeperch. Steroids 220-227 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 104-134 2518823-2 1989 Now it is accepted that this pulsating secretion is the producer of the episodic release of gonadotrophins, the gonadal steroids being the modulator of the frequency and the extent of the LHRH pulses. Steroids 120-128 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 2502554-11 1989 We conclude that gonadotropin and sex steroid levels return to their pretreatment state in the majority of IHH men when long term GnRH administration is discontinued. Steroids 38-45 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 2524501-1 1989 Persistent suppression of gonadotropin and ovarian steroid production can be achieved in women with polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) by daily administration of a long-acting GnRH agonist (GnRHa). Steroids 51-58 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 2668522-8 1989 The observed effects of GnRH treatment on testicular steroid secretion thus cannot be considered to be the result of direct stimulation of steroidogenesis by GnRH. Steroids 53-60 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 16726657-12 1989 Based on the results of these experiments, we suggest that gonadal steroid hormones modulate both the size of releasable stores of LH and pituitary sensitivity to GnRH in boars. Steroids 67-83 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 2541815-1 1989 Concentrations of pituitary receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are affected by GnRH and gonadal steroids. Steroids 113-121 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 42-72 2541815-1 1989 Concentrations of pituitary receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are affected by GnRH and gonadal steroids. Steroids 113-121 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 3286322-3 1988 Of major significance is the finding that the changes in serum T levels observed during the first 3 weeks of treatment, as well as the complete inhibition of the intratesticular concentration of sex steroids observed at the end of this period of treatment with the LHRH agonist were not affected by simultaneous administration of flutamide (125 mg per os every 8 h). Steroids 199-207 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 265-269 3290251-9 1988 These results indicate that (a) pituitary responsiveness to GnRH increases at slower frequencies of GnRH stimulation in models both in vivo and in vitro, (b) these changes in pituitary responsiveness occur independently of changes in gonadal steroid secretion, and (c) the increases in LH pulse amplitude and area under the curve at slow frequencies of GnRH stimulation are due to decreases in nadir, but not peak, LH levels. Steroids 242-249 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 3292571-5 1988 GnRH agonists, although responsible for low plasma levels of oestradiol, may be useful in women at risk for steroid contraception. Steroids 108-115 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2529000-12 1989 LH-RH agonists appear to decrease pancreatic cancer growth by eliminating the stimulatory effect of sex steroids, and by direct effects on tumors. Steroids 104-112 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 2509303-0 1989 Gonadotropin and ovarian steroid production in polycystic ovarian syndrome during suppression with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Steroids 25-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 101-131 3237545-5 1988 Tissue culture studies of gonadotroph adenomas of men confirm that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates gonadotropin release by tumor cells and yields morphologic evidence of increased hormone synthesis whereas these tumors have variable sensitivity to gonadal steroids; structural changes in tumor cells correlate with hormone release after stimulation, suggesting that morphologic parameters may reflect the hormonal milieu of these adenomas. Steroids 273-281 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 3135207-1 1988 Gonadotropin serum levels and pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are regulated by sexual steroids and perhaps inhibin, but the relative rates of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion are modulated by the frequency of GnRH pulses. Steroids 144-152 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 53-83 3135207-1 1988 Gonadotropin serum levels and pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are regulated by sexual steroids and perhaps inhibin, but the relative rates of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion are modulated by the frequency of GnRH pulses. Steroids 144-152 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 3129313-2 1988 The authors tried to prove that the replacement of normal endogenous steroid levels could restore the functional coupling between opiatergic and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) neurons in patients with anorexia nervosa. Steroids 69-76 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 145-182 3129313-2 1988 The authors tried to prove that the replacement of normal endogenous steroid levels could restore the functional coupling between opiatergic and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) neurons in patients with anorexia nervosa. Steroids 69-76 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 184-189 3032581-1 1987 It is established that the blockade of the pituitary LHRH receptor by an LHRH antagonist will suppress pituitary LH secretion and reduce serum concentrations of gonadal steroids. Steroids 169-177 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 3304436-0 1987 Steroid feedback inhibition of pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the ewe. Steroids 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 54-84 3032581-1 1987 It is established that the blockade of the pituitary LHRH receptor by an LHRH antagonist will suppress pituitary LH secretion and reduce serum concentrations of gonadal steroids. Steroids 169-177 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 3303834-0 1987 Action of GnRH on steroid secretion by luteal cells of cyclic and early pregnant sows in vitro. Steroids 18-25 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 3551210-7 1986 When GnRH was infused (4 micrograms/h) for 6 h, beginning 8 h after steroid infusion, estradiol infusion caused a significantly higher peak LH and total LH release than an infusion of either saline or progesterone (7.3 micrograms/h). Steroids 68-75 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 3100869-6 1986 The feedback signals provided by gonadal steroids can induce both inhibition and facilitation of LHRH and LH secretion. Steroids 41-49 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 3100869-7 1986 Neurons of the central opiatergic system exert a tonic inhibitory influence on the catecholaminergic neurons regulating LHRH secretion, and are believed to mediate the inhibitory actions of the gonadal steroids on the LHRH system. Steroids 202-210 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 3100869-7 1986 Neurons of the central opiatergic system exert a tonic inhibitory influence on the catecholaminergic neurons regulating LHRH secretion, and are believed to mediate the inhibitory actions of the gonadal steroids on the LHRH system. Steroids 202-210 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 218-222 3100869-8 1986 Withdrawal of the gonadal steroids has been reported to cause a rapid loss of the tonic inhibitory control of the opiate system on LHRH secretion as revealed by a lack of response to naloxone. Steroids 26-34 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 3090437-9 1986 This condition may be caused by the prolonged, repetitive elevations of gonadal steroids and other hormones known to suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion that are elicited by their daily exercise. Steroids 80-88 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 126-156 3525732-6 1986 At small doses of GnRH the amount of LH released by the same dose was similar in all three reproductive states, although the steroid hormone milieu differed markedly. Steroids 125-140 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 3515262-0 1986 Monitoring gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration by measurement of urinary steroid conjugates. Steroids 83-90 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 11-41 3515262-2 1986 This method of evaluating ovarian steroid production provided a convenient, inexpensive, and noninvasive means of monitoring responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatments and documents that clomiphene-resistant amenorrheic patients can be induced to ovulate with appropriate gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy. Steroids 34-41 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 138-168 2420378-14 1986 These data support the hypothesis that hCG release might be controlled by a chorionic GnRH stimulation and suggest that local steroid levels may modulate the hCG response to GnRH stimulation. Steroids 126-133 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 3006238-8 1986 After a short period of gonadotrophin stimulation GnRH agonists induce desensitization of the pituitary and a decrease in secretion of the gonadotrophins and the sex steroids by the gonads. Steroids 166-174 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 3324688-0 1987 The steroid-neuropeptide connection in the control of LHRH secretion. Steroids 4-11 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 3543500-2 1986 Based on the evidence summarized here we propose that gonadal steroids may exert a "trophic" influence on the regulatory peptides namely LHRH, NPY and EOP locally in the hypothalamus. Steroids 62-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 3530378-7 1986 The intensity for staining of GnRH in the ME appeared to be greater for ewes not treated with steroid, and this was reflected by a greater density of GnRH fibers in ewes not treated with steroid (P less than 0.05). Steroids 94-101 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 3086382-5 1986 However, estradiol administration unmasked GnRH self-priming in a time-dependent fashion, with maximal expression after 5 and 10 d of steroid replacement, followed by attenuation by 30 d. Since estradiol"s modulation of GnRH action was expressed differentially on LH and FSH release, we suggest that such facilitation of GnRH-stimulated pituitary LH and FSH release may provide an additional mechanism for dissociated secretion of gonadotropic hormones in health or disease. Steroids 134-141 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 2932349-1 1985 Administration of superactive agonistic analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been shown to induce a paradoxic and reversible suppression of gonadotropins, resulting in suppressed gonadal steroid concentrations. Steroids 203-210 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 51-81 4067489-14 1985 Regulation of endogenous opioids in the hypothalamus may be part of the mechanism by which environmental factors modulate steroid negative-feedback control of LHRH and thus LH secretion in seasonally breeding mammals. Steroids 122-129 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 3908963-0 1985 Increase in brain and pituitary radioimmunoassayable gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the European silver eel treated with sexual steroid or human chorionic gonadotropin. Steroids 138-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 53-83 3908963-0 1985 Increase in brain and pituitary radioimmunoassayable gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the European silver eel treated with sexual steroid or human chorionic gonadotropin. Steroids 138-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 3908963-3 1985 These results suggest a positive effect of sexual steroids on GnRH synthesis but not release in the silver eel. Steroids 50-58 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 3082245-0 1986 Testicular steroid response to continuous and pulsatile intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone administration in normal men. Steroids 11-18 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 68-105 3462329-6 1986 The response of the pituitary gonadotropins to GnRH would depend on the presence of sex steroids through the feedback mechanisms. Steroids 88-96 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 3462329-13 1986 Finally, beta-endorphins decrease the frequency of GnRH secretion only in the presence of steroids. Steroids 90-98 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 2999285-7 1985 The steroids may act directly on both adrenergic and opioid neurones, altering monoamine metabolism and release which may, in turn, regulate numbers of adrenergic receptors perhaps located on the GnRH neurones. Steroids 4-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 196-200 2932349-1 1985 Administration of superactive agonistic analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been shown to induce a paradoxic and reversible suppression of gonadotropins, resulting in suppressed gonadal steroid concentrations. Steroids 203-210 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 2934578-2 1985 Steroid concentrating neurons under the direction of ovarian steroid milieu promote LHRH accumulation and either independently or in association with the opioid peptide neurons modulate the episodic LHRH discharge. Steroids 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 2934578-2 1985 Steroid concentrating neurons under the direction of ovarian steroid milieu promote LHRH accumulation and either independently or in association with the opioid peptide neurons modulate the episodic LHRH discharge. Steroids 61-68 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 2932169-3 1985 Active immunization against GnRH caused gonadotropins to decline to nondetectable levels, gonadal steroids to decline to basal levels, and the gilts to become acyclic. Steroids 98-106 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 3001416-7 1985 The basal GnRH secretion from the cultured hypothalamic cells was increased by steroid pretreatment while the neurotransmitter induced GnRH release did not change. Steroids 79-86 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 2932169-11 1985 We conclude that cyclic gilts can be actively immunized against GnRH and that this causes cessation of estrous cycles and inhibits secretion of LH, FSH, and gonadal steroids. Steroids 165-173 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 3930718-7 1985 In women with gonadal dysgenesis, the absence of gonadal steroid feedback exacerbated the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH. Steroids 57-64 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 3906634-2 1985 The steroid-dependent nature of LH-RH response in the investigated structures to monoamine administration has been shown. Steroids 4-11 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 6321484-5 1984 In such cultures, GnRH agonists inhibited LH-dependent steroid production and abolished the acute testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin. Steroids 55-62 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 2578140-8 1985 The relative changes in both hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone and pituitary luteinizing hormone induced by manipulation of gonadal steroid levels, as measured by RIA and QICC, were highly correlated. Steroids 142-149 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 42-72 3918288-1 1985 Information about the site(s) of action as well as the age-dependent effects of sex steroids on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin secretion during human puberty is limited. Steroids 84-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 96-126 6430726-0 1984 Differential effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone infusion on testicular steroids in normal men and patients with idiopathic oligospermia. Steroids 84-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 23-60 2990210-2 1985 Modulations of frequency and amplitude of the secretory activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone appears to be mediated through an inhibitory action of endogenous opioids, and the functional coupling of the opioidergic and gonadotropin-releasing hormone systems is an ovarian steroid-dependent event. Steroids 278-285 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 68-98 2990210-2 1985 Modulations of frequency and amplitude of the secretory activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone appears to be mediated through an inhibitory action of endogenous opioids, and the functional coupling of the opioidergic and gonadotropin-releasing hormone systems is an ovarian steroid-dependent event. Steroids 278-285 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 225-255 2862121-4 1985 The LHRH antagonists, by virtue of their singular anti-LHRH properties, are presently being evaluated as antifertility agents, and for the above steroid-dependent pathologies. Steroids 145-152 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 6440393-0 1984 Kinetics of steroid responsiveness to hCG during chronic inhibition of testicular function by GnRH analogue. Steroids 12-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 6432376-0 1984 Contraception with an LHRH agonist: effect on gonadotrophin and steroid secretion patterns. Steroids 64-71 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 6651003-4 1983 When it comes to that point, the hypothalamic LH-RH provokes a strong LH, FSH secretion; this triggers the gonadal sex-steroids production, which induces in turn the appearance of the secondary sex characteristics. Steroids 119-127 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 6230650-7 1984 Alterations in steroid production are consecutive to the rise in LH initially induced by LH-RH agonists. Steroids 15-22 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 89-94 6418520-4 1983 But with the new finding of high level of LH-RH in milk whose concentration far exceeds that of blood, care should be taken to examine in the neonates whether the levels of LH and FSH become disproportionately high and induce the secretion of gonadal steroids at a higher level. Steroids 251-259 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 6403570-0 1983 Steroid secretion in polycystic ovarian disease after ovarian suppression by a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Steroids 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 91-121 6413131-0 1983 The effect of combined oral contraceptive steroids on the gonadotropin responses to LH-RH in lactating women with regular menstrual cycles resumed. Steroids 42-50 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 84-89 6413131-1 1983 The effect of combined oral contraceptive steroids upon pituitary response to stimulation with 100 micrograms LH-RH was studied in both non-puerperal and lactating women with regular menstrual cycles. Steroids 42-50 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 6413131-8 1983 Combined oral contraceptive steroids used in this study seemed to suppress ovulation by decreasing the pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in lactating-menstruating women as well as in normally menstruating women. Steroids 28-36 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 131-136 6316392-2 1983 The regulation of LHRH action by pituitary receptors and expression of the biological LHRH effect by gonadotropin release and activation of steroid biosynthesis are discussed in this context. Steroids 140-147 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 6344774-4 1983 This chapter reviews the effects of GnRH agonists on gonadotropin and steroid hormone secretion in both men and women, and assesses the potential of these agents in the varied clinical uses delineated above. Steroids 70-85 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 6316392-9 1983 The presence of specific receptors for LHRH agonists in ovarian and testicular tissue suggests local control mechanisms for gonadotropin activation of steroid biosynthesis. Steroids 151-158 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 7035250-1 1981 We have carried out further in vitro studies on the priming effect of LH-RH and the effect of steroids on pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH. Steroids 94-102 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 6214371-9 1982 It is concluded that the standardization GnRH double stimulation technique may serve as a pharmacodynamic model to quantitate the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of contraceptive steroids at the pituitary level. Steroids 186-194 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 6810559-5 1982 Use of the inhibitory properties has been extended to cancer therapy based on the ability of the LHRH analogues (particularly the agonists) to inhibit the growth of steroid-dependent (responsive) tumors (e.g., mammary, prostate) similar to that produced by gonadectomy and antisteroid treatments. Steroids 165-172 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 6802528-1 1982 Changes in gonadotrophins and sex steroids following LHRH. Steroids 34-42 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 6810559-2 1982 Although the LHRH agonists induce gonadotropin release, gonadal steroid secretion, ovulation, and spermatogenesis as an expression of their traditional profertility pharmacologic profile, they paradoxically and characteristically cause predominant antifertility effects which have been extensively evaluated for potential contraceptive purposes. Steroids 64-71 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 6810559-4 1982 Similar antireproductive effects have been observed with the LHRH antagonists which competitively inhibit LHRH-induced gonadotropin secretion resulting in reduced blood gonadal steroid levels. Steroids 177-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 6810559-4 1982 Similar antireproductive effects have been observed with the LHRH antagonists which competitively inhibit LHRH-induced gonadotropin secretion resulting in reduced blood gonadal steroid levels. Steroids 177-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 7035250-8 1981 Synthesis of LH was, however, stimulated by exposure to LH-RH for 48 h but not 12 h. These results demonstrate that there is a marked difference between the mechanisms by which LH-RH and steroids affect the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland to LH-RH. Steroids 187-195 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 6247361-1 1980 The administration of small doses of LHRH at 2-hourly intervals over a 27 day period to a 24-year old patient with Kallman"s syndrome resulted in ovulation as indicated by: (1) a biphasic temperature response, (2) anatomical changes in the ovaries demonstrated by ultrasound, and (3) the pattern of circulating gonadotropin and gonadal steroid concentrations. Steroids 336-343 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 7012514-0 1981 Inhibition of the action of sex steroids by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: a new biological effect. Steroids 32-40 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-74 7012514-0 1981 Inhibition of the action of sex steroids by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: a new biological effect. Steroids 32-40 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 6988207-0 1980 Effect of castration and steroid replacement on immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamus and preoptic area. Steroids 25-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 63-93 374114-0 1979 The effects of certain steroid hormones on the activity of ovine hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-degrading enzymes. Steroids 23-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 78-115 6770199-0 1980 Inhibitory effects of a single intranasal administration of [D-Ser(TBU)6, des-Gly-NH210]LHRH ethylamide, a potent LHRH agonist, on serum steroid levels in normal adult men. Steroids 137-144 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 156193-0 1979 Seventy-two hour infusions of LHRH in normal men: gonadotropin and testicular steroid responses. Steroids 78-85 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 156193-8 1979 Thus, chronic LHRH infusion effected a persistent increase in endogenous LH with, in turn, prolonged stimulation of gonadal steroid secretion. Steroids 124-131 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 374114-0 1979 The effects of certain steroid hormones on the activity of ovine hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-degrading enzymes. Steroids 23-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 791538-0 1976 Modification by sex steroids of LHRH response in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 20-28 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 345817-6 1978 The degree of suppression of pituitary gonadotropins, both before and after GnRH administration was significantly correlated with the type of steroid formulation used, being greatest with a combination of d-norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. Steroids 142-149 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 348507-0 1978 [Modulation of the pituitary response to LH-RH by synthetic sex steroids (author"s transl)]. Steroids 64-72 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 348507-1 1978 This study was planned in order to investigate the response of the pituitary gonadotropin secretion to the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in each menstrual phase (early follicular, late follicular, luteal) of women with regular menstrual cycles, and the effect of synthetic sex steroids on the response of the pituitary to LH-RH, as compared with the response in the late follicular phase. Steroids 293-301 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 332052-6 1977 These findings suggest that the specificity of pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH is under the influence of gonadal steroids. Steroids 115-123 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 328996-3 1977 For example they are thought to play an important role in the hypothalamic -- pituitary system in the liberation of LHRH and in the ovary in steroid genesis, ovulation and luteolysis; also, in the non-pregnant uterus in the onset of menstruation while at conception both sperm and ovum transport are influenced by prostaglandins. Steroids 141-148 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 50229-2 1975 LH-RH stimulation test was employed to evaluate the effects of sex steroids on the release of gonadotropins. Steroids 67-75 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 767171-0 1976 [Effects of synthetic sex steroids on the pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) (author"s transl)]. Steroids 26-34 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 70-107 767171-0 1976 [Effects of synthetic sex steroids on the pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) (author"s transl)]. Steroids 26-34 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 109-114 1098720-6 1975 These changes in the pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH may result from modulating effects on the pituitary by the sex steroids. Steroids 118-126 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 51948-0 1975 Regulatory effects of steroids on the pituitary response to LH-RH. Steroids 22-30 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 1100906-0 1975 The effect of sex steroids on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone. Steroids 18-26 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 58-88 776594-0 1976 Action of steroids on LH-RH provoked gonadotropin release. Steroids 10-18 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 776594-15 1976 These experiments add further evidence that steroids modulate LH-RH actions at the pituitary level. Steroids 44-52 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 793974-0 1976 Effect of a new LH-RH analogue (D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH) on gonadotrophin and gonadal steroid secretion in men. Steroids 85-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-21 793974-0 1976 Effect of a new LH-RH analogue (D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH) on gonadotrophin and gonadal steroid secretion in men. Steroids 85-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 1097055-0 1975 The effects of gonadectomy and gonadal steroids on the activity of hypothalamic peptidases inactivating luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Steroids 39-47 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 104-141 1097055-0 1975 The effects of gonadectomy and gonadal steroids on the activity of hypothalamic peptidases inactivating luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Steroids 39-47 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 143-148 4602671-0 1974 Relationships between the luteinizing hormone response to gonadotropin releasing hormone and endogenous steroids. Steroids 104-112 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 58-88 32950583-2 2020 The kisspeptin system plays a fundamental role along the HPG axis as it is the main positive modulator upstream of the hypothalamic neurons that secrete the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), the decapeptide that supports pituitary gonadotropins and the production of gonadal sex steroid. Steroids 284-291 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 157-187 33964320-6 2021 This interplay between an activator and an inhibitor, which is in turn fine-tuned by the gonadal steroid environment, thus leads to the generation of GnRH pulses and surges and is crucial for the proper development and function of the reproductive axis. Steroids 97-104 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 33711315-4 2022 The pulse mode of GnRH release is required for stimulating tonic gonadotropin secretion to drive folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis and is negatively fine-tuned by the sex steroids. Steroids 191-199 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 33443156-2 2021 Kisspeptin (KP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus are at the center of the GnRH pulse generation and the steroid feedback control of GnRH secretion. Steroids 102-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 33271219-5 2021 This pulsatile production of GnRH is followed by a rise in LH and, consequently, in gonadal steroids. Steroids 92-100 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 32950583-2 2020 The kisspeptin system plays a fundamental role along the HPG axis as it is the main positive modulator upstream of the hypothalamic neurons that secrete the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), the decapeptide that supports pituitary gonadotropins and the production of gonadal sex steroid. Steroids 284-291 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 32736757-4 2020 Moreover, insufficient GnRH drive causes hypothalamic hypogonadism and secondary insufficiency of gonadal sex steroid hormone synthesis and release in both sexes. Steroids 110-117 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 32070756-7 2020 These results suggest different levels of action of steroid hormones on GnRH modulation. Steroids 52-59 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 32240664-1 2020 The gonadal steroids estradiol and progesterone exert critical suppressive and stimulatory actions upon the brain to control gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release that drives the estrous/menstrual cycle. Steroids 12-20 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 125-155 32240664-1 2020 The gonadal steroids estradiol and progesterone exert critical suppressive and stimulatory actions upon the brain to control gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release that drives the estrous/menstrual cycle. Steroids 12-20 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 157-161 31461666-4 2019 Decreased responsiveness to gonadal steroid hormone negative feedback in PCOS patients points toward dysfunction within the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network in the brain. Steroids 36-51 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 124-154 31461666-4 2019 Decreased responsiveness to gonadal steroid hormone negative feedback in PCOS patients points toward dysfunction within the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network in the brain. Steroids 36-51 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 30352392-18 2017 Treatments available for patients with congenital GnRH deficiency such as Kallmann syndrome include gonadal steroid hormones, human gonadotropins and GnRH. Steroids 108-124 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 30430143-10 2018 Conclusions: The functional impairment of the GnRH neuronal network in patients with IHH, as evidenced by their inability to respond to a physiologic dose of kisspeptin, is observed in both sex steroid- deficient and sex steroid-replete states. Steroids 194-201 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 30430143-10 2018 Conclusions: The functional impairment of the GnRH neuronal network in patients with IHH, as evidenced by their inability to respond to a physiologic dose of kisspeptin, is observed in both sex steroid- deficient and sex steroid-replete states. Steroids 221-228 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 30205368-4 2018 Kisspeptin is a product of KISS1 gene that binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54/KISS1R) stimulating the release of GnRH by hypothalamic neurons, leading to secretion of pituitary gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and sexual steroids, which in turn will act in the gonads to produce the gametes. Steroids 225-233 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 31265059-3 2019 A critical pathological feature of PCOS is impaired gonadal steroid hormone negative feedback to the GnRH neuronal network in the brain that regulates fertility. Steroids 60-67 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 31265059-5 2019 Impaired steroid hormone feedback to GnRH neurons is thought to drive hyperactivity of the neuroendocrine axis controlling fertility, leading to a vicious cycle of androgen excess and reproductive dysfunction. Steroids 9-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 29152903-3 2017 The gonadal defect in CHARGE syndrome results from congenital deficiency of the hypothalamic hormone Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which manifests clinically as pubertal failure and infertility, and biochemically as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (low sex steroid hormone levels with inappropriately normal or low gonadotropin levels). Steroids 264-279 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 101-131 29152903-3 2017 The gonadal defect in CHARGE syndrome results from congenital deficiency of the hypothalamic hormone Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which manifests clinically as pubertal failure and infertility, and biochemically as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (low sex steroid hormone levels with inappropriately normal or low gonadotropin levels). Steroids 264-279 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 27679825-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays essential roles in embryo implantation, invasion of trophoblastic tissue, and steroid synthesis in the placenta. Steroids 134-141 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 12-42 28786978-0 2017 The steroid metabolome in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder during GnRH agonist-induced ovarian suppression: effects of estradiol and progesterone addback. Steroids 4-11 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 28368443-2 2017 Circulating sex steroids are thought to modulate the ability of kisspeptin to stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Steroids 16-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 88-118 28368443-2 2017 Circulating sex steroids are thought to modulate the ability of kisspeptin to stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Steroids 16-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 28368443-3 2017 Objective: To probe the effects of sex steroids on kisspeptin-stimulated GnRH-induced LH pulses. Steroids 39-47 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 20301509-0 1993 Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Deficiency CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. Steroids 351-359 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 9-39 20301509-0 1993 Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Deficiency CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. Steroids 351-359 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 20301509-0 1993 Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Deficiency CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. Steroids 351-359 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 93-123 20301509-0 1993 Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Deficiency CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. Steroids 351-359 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 27630616-2 2016 Networking of the central pacemaker to these hypothalamic brain regions is partly represented by close fiber appositions to specialized neurons, such as kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons; accounting for rhythmic release of gonadotropins and sex steroids. Steroids 272-280 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 168-198 27630616-2 2016 Networking of the central pacemaker to these hypothalamic brain regions is partly represented by close fiber appositions to specialized neurons, such as kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons; accounting for rhythmic release of gonadotropins and sex steroids. Steroids 272-280 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 27679825-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays essential roles in embryo implantation, invasion of trophoblastic tissue, and steroid synthesis in the placenta. Steroids 134-141 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 26455490-4 2016 GnRH neurons drive the secretion of the gonadotropins from the pituitary gland that subsequently control ovarian function, including the production of gonadal steroid hormones. Steroids 159-175 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 26245498-5 2016 In a double-blinded placebo controlled study, healthy women were randomized to receive either placebo or the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) goserelin, which causes a net decrease in sex-steroid levels. Steroids 202-209 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 109-139 27021205-3 2016 On the other hand, GnRH antagonists immediately reduce gonadal steroid levels, avoiding the initial stimulatory phase of the agonists. Steroids 63-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 26715597-2 2016 Hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been recognized, since its identification in 1971, as the central regulator of the production and release of the pituitary gonadotrophins that, in turn, regulate the gonadal functions and the production of sex steroids. Steroids 266-274 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 13-44 26715597-2 2016 Hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been recognized, since its identification in 1971, as the central regulator of the production and release of the pituitary gonadotrophins that, in turn, regulate the gonadal functions and the production of sex steroids. Steroids 266-274 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 26680581-2 2016 GnRH analogs desensitize the pituitary and account for the suppression of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone leading to a decrease of sex steroid levels. Steroids 156-163 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 24704264-1 2014 Testicular steroids are critical hormones for the regulation of spermatogenesis in male teleosts and their productions have been reported to be regulated by gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Steroids 11-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 175-205 25642745-0 2015 The Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and hCG in Men with Prior Chronic Androgen Steroid Abuse and Clinical Hypogonadism. Steroids 90-97 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-46 25710617-7 2015 CONCLUSION: This case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis exemplifies the utility of GnRH agonists with a steroid add-back challenge for diagnosing catamenial disorders and guiding treatment. Steroids 108-115 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 25427144-2 2015 Adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD) treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) therapy are temporarily sex-steroid deprived until the addition of cross-sex hormones (CSH). Steroids 126-133 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 52-82 25332287-5 2014 Importantly, SSA induced by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor antagonism bypassed the surge in sex steroids caused by LHRH agonists, the gold standard for clinical ablation of sex steroids, thereby facilitating increased Dll4 expression and more rapid promotion of thymopoiesis. Steroids 119-127 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-65 25332287-5 2014 Importantly, SSA induced by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor antagonism bypassed the surge in sex steroids caused by LHRH agonists, the gold standard for clinical ablation of sex steroids, thereby facilitating increased Dll4 expression and more rapid promotion of thymopoiesis. Steroids 119-127 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 25332287-5 2014 Importantly, SSA induced by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor antagonism bypassed the surge in sex steroids caused by LHRH agonists, the gold standard for clinical ablation of sex steroids, thereby facilitating increased Dll4 expression and more rapid promotion of thymopoiesis. Steroids 200-208 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-65 25332287-5 2014 Importantly, SSA induced by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor antagonism bypassed the surge in sex steroids caused by LHRH agonists, the gold standard for clinical ablation of sex steroids, thereby facilitating increased Dll4 expression and more rapid promotion of thymopoiesis. Steroids 200-208 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 27089503-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in the reproductive cycle and regulate the secretion of sex steroids from the gonads. Steroids 189-197 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 12-42 27089503-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in the reproductive cycle and regulate the secretion of sex steroids from the gonads. Steroids 189-197 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 26624927-2 2015 In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we used blood-oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate if sex-steroid hormone manipulation with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) influences emotional processing. Steroids 154-169 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 190-220 26273170-0 2015 A Case of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist-Induced Sterile Abscess Showing a Good Response to Systemic Steroid Therapy. Steroids 109-116 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 10-40 24704264-7 2014 Our results have identified for the first time several key genes involved in the regulation of steroid production and spermatogenesis in the Japanese sea bass testis and these genes are all detected under gonadotropic hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone control. Steroids 95-102 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 230-260 24782832-5 2014 In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that eCBs centrally regulate gonadal functions by modulating the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-gonadotropin-steroid network through direct and indirect mechanisms. Steroids 147-154 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 103-133 25372735-2 2014 17beta-estradiol (E2) is known to regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion via classical steroid signaling and rapid non-classical membrane-initiated signaling. Steroids 105-112 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 43-73 22172059-1 2012 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are used to treat gonadal steroid-dependent disorders in humans and to contracept animals. Steroids 74-81 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 23672289-4 2013 Data support the notion that pseudocyetic women may have increased sympathetic nervous system activity, dysfunction of central nervous system catecholaminergic pathways and decreased steroid feedback inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Steroids 183-190 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 214-244 22877652-1 2012 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a major role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and synthesis and secretion of GnRH are regulated by gonadal steroid hormones. Steroids 168-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 23914973-2 2013 Conservative medical treatment in cases of contraindication against operative treatment, bleeding control or preoperative down-sizing of the fibroids is classically based on sex steroid depletion by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist administration for a prolonged period. Steroids 178-185 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 199-229 24062728-5 2013 Neuronal afferents to GnRH cells convey important metabolic-, stress-, sex steroid-, lactational-, and circadian signals to the reproductive axis, among other effects. Steroids 75-82 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 24062728-7 2013 Recent studies of human genetics provided evidence that central peptidergic signaling by kisspeptins and neurokinin B (NKB) play particularly important roles in puberty onset and later, in the sex steroid-dependent feedback regulation of GnRH neurons. Steroids 197-204 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 238-242 23519241-3 2013 This paper will review the ionic conductances described within GnRH neurons and their implications for physiological output, such as sensitivity to steroids and diurnal state. Steroids 148-156 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 23550012-2 2013 Besides the surge mode, which induces ovulation in females, the pulse mode of GnRH release is essential to cause various reproductive events in both sexes, such as spermatogenesis, follicular development, and sex steroid synthesis. Steroids 213-220 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 23550013-8 2013 Thus, we have proposed a model in which NKB feeds back to the KNDy neuron to shape the pulsatile release of kisspeptin, and hence GnRH, in a mechanism also dependent on the sex steroid level. Steroids 177-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 24552043-2 2013 The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis affects the functions of sex steroid hormones through interaction with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Steroids 75-91 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 159-189 23015291-1 2012 The hypothalamic hormone GnRH is a central driver of pituitary gonadotropin secretion, controlling pulsatile gonadotropin secretion, modulating gonadal steroid feedback, and bringing about full fertility in the adult. Steroids 152-159 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 22710726-2 2012 The key role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the regulation of female steroid hormone metabolism raises the question of whether polymorphisms in its receptor, GnRHR, might influence breast cancer risk. Steroids 94-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-46 22710726-2 2012 The key role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the regulation of female steroid hormone metabolism raises the question of whether polymorphisms in its receptor, GnRHR, might influence breast cancer risk. Steroids 94-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 22684005-2 2012 Although GnRH neuronal system is regulated by several factors such as steroids, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, it is not fully understood how environmental signals control the GnRH neuronal system. Steroids 70-78 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 22172059-1 2012 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are used to treat gonadal steroid-dependent disorders in humans and to contracept animals. Steroids 74-81 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 18603340-1 2008 Immunization of boars against GnRH inhibits synthesis of testicular anabolic steroids and the sex odour androstenone. Steroids 77-85 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 22414373-1 2012 Scheduling the initiation of ovarian stimulation in a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist protocol by sex steroid pretreatment has been suggested as a means to reduce the incidence of oocyte retrievals during weekends. Steroids 120-127 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 54-85 22414373-1 2012 Scheduling the initiation of ovarian stimulation in a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist protocol by sex steroid pretreatment has been suggested as a means to reduce the incidence of oocyte retrievals during weekends. Steroids 120-127 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 22654870-7 2012 Gonadal steroid hormones arguably exert the most important effects on GnRH neuronal function. Steroids 8-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 21496126-4 2012 Here, we review work examining the rapid actions of oestradiol on GnRH neurones, addressing the questions of dose dependence, receptor subtypes, signalling cascades and intrinsic and synaptic properties that are rapidly modulated by this steroid. Steroids 238-245 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 22354218-4 2012 Furthermore, during reproductive aging altered sex steroid feedback to the hypothalamus contributes to a decrease of stimulatory signaling and increase in inhibitory tone onto GnRH neurons. Steroids 51-58 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 176-180 22654842-5 2011 Kisspeptin neurons may also have a role as effector neurons integrating metabolic and gonadal steroid feedback effects on GnRH secretion at the time of puberty. Steroids 94-101 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 21204607-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) antagonists (GnRHa) suppress gonadotropin and sex-steroid secretion. Steroids 100-107 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 12-42 21244327-1 2011 INTRODUCTION: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analogs (GnRHa) are peptides that mimic the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and are used to suppress subsequent sex steroid production. Steroids 185-192 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 14-44 21244327-1 2011 INTRODUCTION: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analogs (GnRHa) are peptides that mimic the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and are used to suppress subsequent sex steroid production. Steroids 185-192 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 107-137 21244327-1 2011 INTRODUCTION: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analogs (GnRHa) are peptides that mimic the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and are used to suppress subsequent sex steroid production. Steroids 185-192 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 20816765-1 2010 17beta-estradiol (E2) regulates the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms, and this ovarian steroid hormone is essential for cyclical GnRH neuronal activity and secretion. Steroids 169-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 52-82 20816765-1 2010 17beta-estradiol (E2) regulates the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms, and this ovarian steroid hormone is essential for cyclical GnRH neuronal activity and secretion. Steroids 169-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 20456610-2 2010 Kisspeptin cells are the major link between gonadal steroids and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones. Steroids 52-60 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 65-96 30764052-2 2010 Treatment of precocious puberty with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa), leads to a situation of hypoestrogenism by reducing sex-steroid levels, which, theoretically, may have a detrimental effect on bone mass during pubertal development. Steroids 141-148 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 37-67 18708085-9 2009 Direct apoptotic and metastatic effects of GnRH analogs in gonadal steroid-dependent cancers expressing the GnRHR also seem to be mediated by the activation of the PKC/MAPK pathways. Steroids 67-74 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 21332841-3 2011 GnRH agonists are employed extensively in steroid deprivation therapy, especially to suppress testosterone in prostate cancer. Steroids 42-49 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21296663-3 2011 Using human neuronal-like cells we found that GnRH up-regulates the expression of key genes of cholesterol and steroid synthesis when used in a narrow range around 1.0 nM. Steroids 111-118 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 21296663-7 2011 A two fold increase of cell cholesterol is induced after 90 min of GnRH incubation and 17beta-estradiol (E2) production is increased after 24, 48 and 72 h. These data indicate for the first time that GnRH regulates both cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis in human neuronal-like cells and suggest a new physiological role for GnRH in the brain. Steroids 236-243 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 21296663-7 2011 A two fold increase of cell cholesterol is induced after 90 min of GnRH incubation and 17beta-estradiol (E2) production is increased after 24, 48 and 72 h. These data indicate for the first time that GnRH regulates both cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis in human neuronal-like cells and suggest a new physiological role for GnRH in the brain. Steroids 236-243 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 20816765-1 2010 17beta-estradiol (E2) regulates the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms, and this ovarian steroid hormone is essential for cyclical GnRH neuronal activity and secretion. Steroids 169-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 211-215 20357176-2 2010 HYPOTHESIS: Inconsistent published studies of GnRH action in older men may be due to disparate sex-steroid milieus. Steroids 99-106 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 20357176-12 2010 Accordingly, previously reported disparate effects of age on GnRH action may reflect in part age-discrepant sex-steroid milieus. Steroids 112-119 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 20529558-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Type I gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I) agonists have been applied for the treatment of steroid-dependent tumors such as breast carcinoma, ovarian cancer and prostatic carcinoma. Steroids 107-114 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 19-49 19640273-2 2009 Genetic variants in the gene encoding GNRH1 or its receptor may influence breast cancer risk by modulating production of ovarian steroid hormones. Steroids 129-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 19187466-2 2009 In addition to binding to and signalling through classical nuclear receptor-mediated pathways in afferent hypothalamic neurones, recent evidence suggests that ovarian steroids may use membrane-bound receptors or nonclassical signalling pathways to directly influence cell function leading to the generation of GnRH surge secretion. Steroids 167-175 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 310-314 19187466-3 2009 We review recent investigations into the role of the endogenous molecular circadian clock on modulation of GnRH gene expression and neuropeptide secretion, and will explore potential molecular mechanisms by which ovarian steroids may directly induce secretory changes at the level of the GnRH neurone, examining closely whether circadian clock gene oscillations may be involved. Steroids 221-229 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 288-292 18331266-0 2008 Sex steroids and leptin regulate the "first Kiss" (KiSS 1/G-protein-coupled receptor 54 system) in human gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-secreting neuroblasts. Steroids 4-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 105-135 17988212-5 2008 Kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus may regulate the negative feedback effect of gonadal steroids on GnRH and gonadotropin secretion in both sexes. Steroids 90-98 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 16902519-3 2006 The hypothalamic pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone is blunted, due to increased hypothalamic sensitivity to inhibition by steroids, but the responsiveness of the pituitary gonadotrophs seems to be intact. Steroids 142-150 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 40-70 18855666-2 2008 Continuous high doses of GnRH or its superactive agonists result in desensitization of the pituitary gonadotropes and a suppression of sex steroid production by the gonads (chemical castration). Steroids 139-146 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 18855666-3 2008 Based on these effects, the treatment with GnRH agonists has become a widely used hormonal therapy of the sex-steroid dependent tumors. Steroids 110-117 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 17237842-3 2007 Clinical applications of LHRH agonists are based on gradual downregulation of pituitary receptors for LHRH, which leads to inhibition of the secretion of gonadotropins and sex steroids. Steroids 176-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 17237842-3 2007 Clinical applications of LHRH agonists are based on gradual downregulation of pituitary receptors for LHRH, which leads to inhibition of the secretion of gonadotropins and sex steroids. Steroids 176-184 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 17237842-9 2007 Analogs of LHRH are now a well-established means of treating sex-steroid-dependent, benign and malignant disorders. Steroids 65-72 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 17200361-0 2007 Obesity and sex steroids during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for prostate cancer. Steroids 16-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-62 16936304-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Steroid pre-treatments may be useful to program GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles. Steroids 12-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 16870949-1 2006 Active immunization of boars against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) and testicular steroids, so that mitosis of spermatogonia is reduced and apoptosis increased. Steroids 124-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 37-67 16870949-1 2006 Active immunization of boars against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) and testicular steroids, so that mitosis of spermatogonia is reduced and apoptosis increased. Steroids 124-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 18089592-6 2007 Gonadal steroids, gonadotropins, and GnRH itself controls the regulation of the GnRH/GnRHR system gene expression in the human ovary. Steroids 8-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 17940457-6 2007 SUMMARY: Research into the role of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 and kisspeptin/G-protein-coupled receptor 54 pathways in gonadotropin releasing hormone neuronal development may identify the molecular defects in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and refine our understanding of normal negative and positive feedback by sex steroids. Steroids 340-348 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 132-162 17940417-7 2007 At the beginning of puberty androgens produced by the adrenal initiate a vicious circle characterized by neuroendocrine abnormalities partly related to androgen-dependent decreases in gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator sensitivity to the negative feedback actions of ovarian steroids. Steroids 287-295 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 184-214 16868131-4 2006 Hormonal evaluation showed very low levels of gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone test (LHRH test) and sexual steroids in both patients, suggesting a possible defect in the mechanism of action of the GnRH gene on its receptor. Steroids 127-135 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 217-221 16595220-11 2006 The mean concentrations of all the follicular fluid steroid hormones evaluated (E2, T, and P) were significantly lower in the GnRH antagonist-treated group. Steroids 52-59 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 16932310-2 2006 After puberty is initiated, the factors that modulate the frequency and amplitude of GnRH secretion in rapidly changing sex-steroid environments (i.e. the female menstrual cycle) also remain unknown. Steroids 124-131 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 85-89