PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 26557951-2 2015 RBV up-regulates type 1 and/or 2 cytokines to modulate the T helper (Th) 1/2 cell balance to Th1 dominance. Ribavirin 0-3 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 93-96 26557951-5 2015 These findings indicate that RBV mainly down-regulates the activity of Th2 cells, resulting in the maintenance of Th1 activity that contributes to abrogating HCV-infected hepatocytes. Ribavirin 29-32 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 114-117 23916907-14 2013 The IL28B CC polymorphism is associated with increased Th1 cytokine production of activated peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes, which may play a role in interferon-induced rapid immune control and sustained virological response of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treated patients. Ribavirin 265-274 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 55-58 21871023-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS: The downmodulation of ICOS in correlation with a reduction in IL-10 produced by CD4(+) T cells is possibly the immunological mechanism of action of RBV, which polarizes the Th1/2 balance toward a Th1 cytokine profile, thus contributing to the elimination of cells chronically infected with HCV. Ribavirin 161-164 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 186-191 23717463-9 2013 The activities of the Th1 response were compared between subjects treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV and those treated with Peg-IFN/RBV therapy alone. Ribavirin 104-107 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 22-25 23717463-12 2013 Th1 responses in the subjects treated with 1(OH) vitamin D3/Peg-IFN/RBV were significantly higher than those treated with Peg-IFN/RBV at 12 weeks after Peg-IFN/RBV therapy (p<0.05). Ribavirin 68-71 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 0-3 21871023-1 2012 BACKGROUND AND AIM: The immunological mechanism by which ribavirin (RBV) polarizes the T-helper (Th) 1/2 balance toward Th1 predominancy is not fully understood. Ribavirin 57-66 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 87-104 21871023-1 2012 BACKGROUND AND AIM: The immunological mechanism by which ribavirin (RBV) polarizes the T-helper (Th) 1/2 balance toward Th1 predominancy is not fully understood. Ribavirin 57-66 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 120-123 21871023-1 2012 BACKGROUND AND AIM: The immunological mechanism by which ribavirin (RBV) polarizes the T-helper (Th) 1/2 balance toward Th1 predominancy is not fully understood. Ribavirin 68-71 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 87-104 21871023-1 2012 BACKGROUND AND AIM: The immunological mechanism by which ribavirin (RBV) polarizes the T-helper (Th) 1/2 balance toward Th1 predominancy is not fully understood. Ribavirin 68-71 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 120-123 21871023-2 2012 We therefore examined whether RBV affects costimulatory signaling, which is known to be essential for regulating the Th1/2 balance. Ribavirin 30-33 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 117-122 21871023-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS: The downmodulation of ICOS in correlation with a reduction in IL-10 produced by CD4(+) T cells is possibly the immunological mechanism of action of RBV, which polarizes the Th1/2 balance toward a Th1 cytokine profile, thus contributing to the elimination of cells chronically infected with HCV. Ribavirin 161-164 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 186-189 22848715-0 2012 Ribavirin exerts differential effects on functions of Cd4+ Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cell clones in hepatitis C. Ribavirin improves outcomes of therapy in chronic hepatitis C but its mode of action has still remained unclear. Ribavirin 0-9 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 59-62 22848715-0 2012 Ribavirin exerts differential effects on functions of Cd4+ Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cell clones in hepatitis C. Ribavirin improves outcomes of therapy in chronic hepatitis C but its mode of action has still remained unclear. Ribavirin 114-123 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 59-62 22848715-4 2012 Ribavirin enhanced proliferation of T effector cells and increased production of IFN-gamma in TH1 clones, but had only little effect on IL-10 secretion in TH2 clones. Ribavirin 0-9 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 94-97 22848715-7 2012 Our in vitro data suggest that--in addition to its immunostimulatory effects on TH1 cells--ribavirin can inhibit functions of HCV-specific Tregs and thus reverses Treg-mediated suppression of T effector cells in chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin 91-100 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 80-83 18248380-0 2008 Changes in the Th1/Th2 ratio during a 24-week course of an interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C. BACKGROUND AND AIM: It has been reported that immunological factors, such as the T-helper cell (Th)1/Th2 ratio, play a part in the mechanisms for the antihepatitis C virus (HCV) effect of the interferon (IFN) alpha-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy. Ribavirin 376-385 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 15-18 20483710-0 2010 Increased Th1, Th17 and pro-fibrotic responses in hepatitis C-infected patients are down-regulated after 12 weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Ribavirin 158-167 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 10-13 20483710-8 2010 Combined treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin down-modulated the secretion of key Th1 and Th17 pro-inflammatory mediators, and pro-fibrotic growth factors as early as 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Ribavirin 56-65 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 102-105 19102366-7 2008 CONCLUSIONS: The sustained viral response rate of this pilot study using ribavirin priming and reduced peginterferon dosage is in line with previous trials using standard treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C. Our data stress the positive impact of the ribavirin-induced TH2-TH1 cytokine shift at least in patients with normal ALT. Ribavirin 73-82 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 280-283 19102366-7 2008 CONCLUSIONS: The sustained viral response rate of this pilot study using ribavirin priming and reduced peginterferon dosage is in line with previous trials using standard treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C. Our data stress the positive impact of the ribavirin-induced TH2-TH1 cytokine shift at least in patients with normal ALT. Ribavirin 258-267 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 280-283 18248380-0 2008 Changes in the Th1/Th2 ratio during a 24-week course of an interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C. BACKGROUND AND AIM: It has been reported that immunological factors, such as the T-helper cell (Th)1/Th2 ratio, play a part in the mechanisms for the antihepatitis C virus (HCV) effect of the interferon (IFN) alpha-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy. Ribavirin 84-93 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 15-18 16803610-0 2006 Sustained virological response to peginterferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients is associated with a persistent Th1 immune response. Ribavirin 53-62 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 138-141 17370474-6 2007 In addition to its antiviral action, ribavirin also enhanced the TH-1 response. Ribavirin 37-46 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 65-69 17074015-1 2006 The purpose of the present paper was therefore to study the serial changes of serum soluble markers released from T helper 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) and their correlations with treatment responses in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving interferon-alpha plus ribavirin for 24 weeks. Ribavirin 255-264 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 126-129 16377237-0 2006 Th1 response during ribavirin and interferon-alpha combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin and interferon-alpha induce Th1 polarization of human CD4+ T cells. Ribavirin 20-29 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 0-3 16377237-0 2006 Th1 response during ribavirin and interferon-alpha combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin and interferon-alpha induce Th1 polarization of human CD4+ T cells. Ribavirin 20-29 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 133-136 16377237-0 2006 Th1 response during ribavirin and interferon-alpha combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin and interferon-alpha induce Th1 polarization of human CD4+ T cells. Ribavirin 95-104 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 0-3 16377237-0 2006 Th1 response during ribavirin and interferon-alpha combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin and interferon-alpha induce Th1 polarization of human CD4+ T cells. Ribavirin 95-104 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 133-136 16377237-6 2006 In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the increase of Th1 response is related to the inflammatory activity in the liver and possibly to ribavirin and interferon-alpha therapy. Ribavirin 153-162 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 71-74 12673448-5 2003 CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of IFNalpha and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C is associated with a vigorous response of peripheral blood Th1 cells, whereas weak CTL responses at the end of the therapy might predict a further relapse of the disease. Ribavirin 42-51 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 155-158 15505595-10 2004 CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that ribavirin may cause diverse effects on immunoregulatory cytokine secretion with changes in the Th1/Th2 balance. Ribavirin 43-52 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 138-141 12659664-1 2003 Either ribavirin (RBV) or cyclophosphamide (CY) can shift an immune response from Th2 toward a Th1 cytokine profile. Ribavirin 7-16 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 95-98 12659664-1 2003 Either ribavirin (RBV) or cyclophosphamide (CY) can shift an immune response from Th2 toward a Th1 cytokine profile. Ribavirin 18-21 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 95-98 12659664-4 2003 RBV is used today mainly to augment interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. RBV shifts an immune response from Th2 toward Th1 more effectively than CY and may be a safe and useful adjuvant for current cancer immunotherapeutic efforts. Ribavirin 0-3 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 125-128 12659664-4 2003 RBV is used today mainly to augment interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. RBV shifts an immune response from Th2 toward Th1 more effectively than CY and may be a safe and useful adjuvant for current cancer immunotherapeutic efforts. Ribavirin 79-82 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 125-128 12642684-1 2002 Either ribavirin, RBV, or cyclophosphamide, CY, can shift an immune response from Th2 towards a Th1 cytokine profile. Ribavirin 7-16 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 96-99 12642684-1 2002 Either ribavirin, RBV, or cyclophosphamide, CY, can shift an immune response from Th2 towards a Th1 cytokine profile. Ribavirin 18-21 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 96-99 12642684-4 2002 RBV is used today mainly to augment interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. RBV shifts an immune response from Th2 towards Th1 more effectively than CY and may be a safe and useful adjuvant for current cancer immunotherapeutic efforts. Ribavirin 0-3 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 126-129 12642684-4 2002 RBV is used today mainly to augment interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. RBV shifts an immune response from Th2 towards Th1 more effectively than CY and may be a safe and useful adjuvant for current cancer immunotherapeutic efforts. Ribavirin 79-82 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 126-129 11903249-10 2002 In addition to its antiviral action, ribavirin also enhances the Th1 response. Ribavirin 37-46 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 65-68 11903249-11 2002 Indeed, the superiority of the combination of interferon alfa and ribavirin in terms of antiviral action is corroborated by the enhancement of a Th1-type immune reaction by this combination. Ribavirin 66-75 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 145-148 11030438-3 2000 Numerous in vitro experiments demonstrate that ribavirin has a selective down-regulatory effect on TH2 cytokine release with, in some cases, a concomitant TH1 cytokine up-regulation. Ribavirin 47-56 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 155-158 12825459-2 2001 More recently, ribavirin has been shown to engender a bias toward helper T-cell (CD4+) type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses in models of immunity. Ribavirin 15-24 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 95-98 10622579-7 1999 The potential mechanisms of action of ribavirin, although not yet fully understood, include inhibition of synthesis of GTP by an effect on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase thereby limiting viral RNA synthesis, and enhancement of TH1 responses, which may assist viral clearance. Ribavirin 38-47 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 232-235