PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 9190855-2 1997 AZT was thought to be similar to its parent compound, thymidine, in that it entered the CNS via the choroid plexuses (blood-CSF barrier) and could not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Zidovudine 0-3 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 124-127 7498365-0 1995 Azidothymidine and interferon-alpha in vitro effects on hematopoiesis: protective in vitro activity of IL-1 and GM-CSF. Zidovudine 0-14 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 112-118 9013366-0 1996 Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: the effects of zidovudine. Zidovudine 103-113 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-86 9013366-2 1996 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor may be used concomitantly with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients to minimize zidovudine-associated neutropenia. Zidovudine 159-169 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-48 8844019-4 1996 It has also been reported that some cytokines, notably GM-CSF, potentiate the antiviral properties of thymidine analogs such as zidovudine (AZT) in vitro. Zidovudine 128-138 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-61 8844019-4 1996 It has also been reported that some cytokines, notably GM-CSF, potentiate the antiviral properties of thymidine analogs such as zidovudine (AZT) in vitro. Zidovudine 140-143 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-61 2016623-0 1991 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mitigates the neutropenia of combined interferon alfa and zidovudine treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi"s sarcoma. Zidovudine 107-117 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-48 7875151-5 1994 At this stage, GM-CSF was added to the treatment protocol of any patient receiving ganciclovir plus zidovudine who became neutropenic. Zidovudine 100-110 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 15-21 8460920-7 1993 A decreased plasma zidovudine-glucuronide/zidovudine ratio was noted after 1 week of GM-CSF, and an increase in the area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve for zidovudine was found in three patients after 4 weeks. Zidovudine 19-29 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-91 8460920-7 1993 A decreased plasma zidovudine-glucuronide/zidovudine ratio was noted after 1 week of GM-CSF, and an increase in the area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve for zidovudine was found in three patients after 4 weeks. Zidovudine 42-52 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-91 8460920-7 1993 A decreased plasma zidovudine-glucuronide/zidovudine ratio was noted after 1 week of GM-CSF, and an increase in the area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve for zidovudine was found in three patients after 4 weeks. Zidovudine 42-52 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-91 8460920-8 1993 Low doses of GM-CSF can raise the granulocyte count in patients with zidovudine-induced neutropenia. Zidovudine 69-79 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-19 8460920-9 1993 The use of GM-CSF and zidovudine may represent a viable treatment option for persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection who develop neutropenia while receiving zidovudine but do not tolerate alternative nucleoside analogs. Zidovudine 169-179 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 11-17 1634925-1 1992 PURPOSE: To increase the hematologic tolerance of interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) and zidovudine combination therapy by the addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and to evaluate the safety, tolerance, and potential efficacy of the combination in patients with Kaposi"s sarcoma and AIDS. Zidovudine 83-93 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 133-181 1634925-14 1992 CONCLUSIONS: GM-CSF prevents neutropenia induced by the IFN-alpha and zidovudine combination and induced no adverse effects on immune function or HIV activity. Zidovudine 70-80 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-19 1322645-6 1992 Moreover, the antiviral activity of AZT (but not of other ddN- or HIV-binding inhibitors) is potently enhanced by cytokines like granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in M/M, while anti-HIV activity of TIBO compounds in M/M is not down-modulated by GM-CSF and other cytokines. Zidovudine 36-39 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 129-177 1322645-6 1992 Moreover, the antiviral activity of AZT (but not of other ddN- or HIV-binding inhibitors) is potently enhanced by cytokines like granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in M/M, while anti-HIV activity of TIBO compounds in M/M is not down-modulated by GM-CSF and other cytokines. Zidovudine 36-39 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 179-185 1322645-6 1992 Moreover, the antiviral activity of AZT (but not of other ddN- or HIV-binding inhibitors) is potently enhanced by cytokines like granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in M/M, while anti-HIV activity of TIBO compounds in M/M is not down-modulated by GM-CSF and other cytokines. Zidovudine 36-39 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 269-275 1676045-6 1991 While toxicities of the combination can be significant, low-dose GM-CSF readily ameliorated neutropenia associated with zidovudine and interferon-alpha therapy without adversely affecting the antiviral properties of the combination. Zidovudine 120-130 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-71 8786245-1 1995 Combination therapy with zidovudine and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rHu GM-CSF) may be warranted, owing to the bone marrow suppressive effects of zidovudine. Zidovudine 186-196 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 58-106 8786245-1 1995 Combination therapy with zidovudine and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rHu GM-CSF) may be warranted, owing to the bone marrow suppressive effects of zidovudine. Zidovudine 186-196 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 112-118 8786245-5 1995 After intravenous dosing, zidovudine plasma clearance for placebo and rHu GM-CSF averaged 1.4 +/- 0.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 L/hr/kg, respectively (P = 0.017), mean residence time averaged 1.5 +/- 0.5 and 1.9 +/- 0.6 hours, respectively (P = 0.012), and the steady-state volume of distribution was 2.0 +/- 0.7 and 2.3 +/- 0.7 L/kg, respectively (P = 0.027) for the two treatment arms. Zidovudine 26-36 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 74-80 8786245-8 1995 However, the statistically significant increase in Vss suggests the possibility of enhanced zidovudine cellular uptake in the presence of rHu GM-CSF. Zidovudine 92-102 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 142-148 7962659-1 1994 Neutropenia induced by antiviral treatment, in particular AZT, can be improved with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (RHGMCSF) in HIV positive patients. Zidovudine 58-61 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-150 7947290-3 1994 We report a case of an AIDS patient with Kaposi"s sarcoma who received GM-CSF for severe neutropenia due to anti-tumour chemotherapy combining alpha-interferon 2b and zidovudine. Zidovudine 167-177 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-77 1380256-11 1992 In controlled and uncontrolled trials, GM-CSF also appears to reduce toxicity from zidovudine, ganciclovir, and antineoplastic therapy. Zidovudine 83-93 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 39-45 1492010-2 1992 Since both HIV infection primarily and zidovudine (formerly AZT) treatment secondarily may result in neutropenia, administration of GMCSF to persons with HIV infection is generating considerable interest. Zidovudine 39-49 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 1492010-2 1992 Since both HIV infection primarily and zidovudine (formerly AZT) treatment secondarily may result in neutropenia, administration of GMCSF to persons with HIV infection is generating considerable interest. Zidovudine 60-63 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 1742482-0 1991 Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ameliorates zidovudine-induced neutropenia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/AIDS-related complex. Zidovudine 79-89 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 18-66 1742482-12 1991 The dose of GM-CSF was increased every 2 weeks if necessary to keep the ANC greater than 1,000/microL while maintaining full-dose zidovudine therapy. Zidovudine 130-140 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 12-18 2018046-2 1991 One of these factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, has been shown to restore absolute neutrophil counts in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi"s sarcoma receiving a combination of zidovudine (AZT) and interferon alfa. Zidovudine 232-242 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-70 2018046-2 1991 One of these factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, has been shown to restore absolute neutrophil counts in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi"s sarcoma receiving a combination of zidovudine (AZT) and interferon alfa. Zidovudine 244-247 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-70 2022593-2 1991 Both G-CSF and GM-CSF have demonstrated the ability to correct leukopenia related to HIV infection and ameliorate the drug-related myelosuppressive effects of zidovudine, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ganciclovir, and, in the case of GM-CSF, alpha-interferon, and cancer chemotherapies. Zidovudine 159-169 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 15-21 2016623-3 1991 We report here the results of a phase I/II study in which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used for those KS patients who became neutropenic while receiving ZDV (1,200 mg/d) and IFN (9 x 10(6) U/d). Zidovudine 186-189 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 58-106 2016623-3 1991 We report here the results of a phase I/II study in which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used for those KS patients who became neutropenic while receiving ZDV (1,200 mg/d) and IFN (9 x 10(6) U/d). Zidovudine 186-189 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 108-114 1713806-8 1991 In uncontrolled trials, GM-CSF also appears to reduce toxicity from zidovudine, ganciclovir, alpha-interferon, and antineoplastic therapy. Zidovudine 68-78 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 24-30 2048563-3 1991 This phase I/II study was undertaken to test the safety and efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in those patients who became neutropenic while receiving ZDV (1,200 mg/day) and IFN (9 MU/day). Zidovudine 187-190 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 72-120 2048563-3 1991 This phase I/II study was undertaken to test the safety and efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in those patients who became neutropenic while receiving ZDV (1,200 mg/day) and IFN (9 MU/day). Zidovudine 187-190 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 122-128 2237134-4 1990 Combination treatment with AZT and GM-CSF in AZT-intolerant patients allowed resumption of AZT treatment and increased bone marrow cellularity. Zidovudine 45-48 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 35-41 2260992-1 1990 Previous studies have demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) both increases and decreases levels of 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine (AZT) nucleotides in certain human myeloid cells. Zidovudine 137-163 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 40-88 2260992-1 1990 Previous studies have demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) both increases and decreases levels of 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine (AZT) nucleotides in certain human myeloid cells. Zidovudine 137-163 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 90-96 2260992-1 1990 Previous studies have demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) both increases and decreases levels of 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine (AZT) nucleotides in certain human myeloid cells. Zidovudine 165-168 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 40-88 2260992-1 1990 Previous studies have demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) both increases and decreases levels of 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine (AZT) nucleotides in certain human myeloid cells. Zidovudine 165-168 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 90-96 2260992-2 1990 The present studies have examined the effects of GM-CSF on AZT metabolism in U-937 cells. Zidovudine 59-62 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 49-55 2260992-5 1990 The GM-CSF-induced enhancement in AZT nucleotide formation was associated with a 4-fold increase in AZT uptake. Zidovudine 34-37 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-10 2260992-9 1990 Taken together, these results suggest that GM-CSF enhances the formation of AZT nucleotides by increasing AZT uptake and phosphorylation, as well as increasing retention of phosphorylated derivatives. Zidovudine 76-79 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-49 2237134-4 1990 Combination treatment with AZT and GM-CSF in AZT-intolerant patients allowed resumption of AZT treatment and increased bone marrow cellularity. Zidovudine 45-48 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 35-41 2198957-0 1990 Subcutaneous recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor used as a single agent and in an alternating regimen with azidothymidine in leukopenic patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus infection. Zidovudine 132-146 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-73 2223241-6 1990 However, it had varying effects on different dideoxynucleosides: GM-CSF increased the net anti-HIV activity of 3"-azido2",3"-dideoxythymidine (AZT), while at the same time it reduced the activity of 2",3"-dideoxycytidine (ddC) and 2",3"-dideoxyinosine (ddI). Zidovudine 111-141 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-71 2223241-6 1990 However, it had varying effects on different dideoxynucleosides: GM-CSF increased the net anti-HIV activity of 3"-azido2",3"-dideoxythymidine (AZT), while at the same time it reduced the activity of 2",3"-dideoxycytidine (ddC) and 2",3"-dideoxyinosine (ddI). Zidovudine 143-146 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-71 12043074-6 2002 Any CNS-effective treatment should be based on either zidovudine or stavudine, since these substances readily enter the CSF; however, NNRTI can also be applied. Zidovudine 54-64 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 120-123 2198662-6 1990 A pharmacologic basis for such combination is provided by the finding that inhibition of HIV by zidovudine may be augmented by GM-CSF. Zidovudine 96-106 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 127-133 2198662-7 1990 It recently has been shown that patients with severe leukopenia and intolerance to zidovudine can have reconstitution of effective myelopoiesis with low doses of subcutaneously self-administered GM-CSF and become hematologically tolerant of zidovudine 1,200 mg/d. Zidovudine 83-93 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 195-201 2405493-5 1990 GM-CSF can also increase the WBC counts in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients treated with zidovudine. Zidovudine 100-110 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 2514735-4 1989 Hematopoietic growth factors, GM-CSF and erythropoietin in particular, offer new hope that the bone marrow suppressing toxicities of certain therapeutic agents such as zidovudine and ganciclovir can be ameliorated, thus allowing the more aggressive use of these important medications. Zidovudine 168-178 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-36 2783247-0 1989 The effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) on 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine (AZT)-mediated biochemical and cytotoxic effects on normal human myeloid progenitor cells. Zidovudine 94-120 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-80 2783247-3 1989 We examined the effect of human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) on AZT-mediated biochemical perturbations and in vitro growth inhibition of normal bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells. Zidovudine 106-109 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-92 2178702-7 1990 However, when the drugs were removed at the same time that PHA-stimulated PBMLs were added to the culture, the combination of AZT/GM-CSF was found to be more effective than AZT alone in preventing the transfer/amplification of HIV in the target lymphocytes. Zidovudine 173-176 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 130-136 2538549-5 1989 Even in the face of this increased infection, GM-CSF also enhanced the net anti-HIV activity of 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and several related congeners: 2"3"-dideoxythymidine (ddT), 2"3"-dideoxy-2"3"-didehydrothymidine (D4T), and 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxyuridine (AZddU). Inhibition of viral replication in GM-CSF-exposed M/M was achieved with concentrations of AZT and related drugs, which were 10-100 times lower than those inhibitory for HIV-1 in monocytes in the absence of GM-CSF. Zidovudine 96-128 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-52 2538549-5 1989 Even in the face of this increased infection, GM-CSF also enhanced the net anti-HIV activity of 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and several related congeners: 2"3"-dideoxythymidine (ddT), 2"3"-dideoxy-2"3"-didehydrothymidine (D4T), and 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxyuridine (AZddU). Inhibition of viral replication in GM-CSF-exposed M/M was achieved with concentrations of AZT and related drugs, which were 10-100 times lower than those inhibitory for HIV-1 in monocytes in the absence of GM-CSF. Zidovudine 128-131 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-52 2538549-5 1989 Even in the face of this increased infection, GM-CSF also enhanced the net anti-HIV activity of 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and several related congeners: 2"3"-dideoxythymidine (ddT), 2"3"-dideoxy-2"3"-didehydrothymidine (D4T), and 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxyuridine (AZddU). Inhibition of viral replication in GM-CSF-exposed M/M was achieved with concentrations of AZT and related drugs, which were 10-100 times lower than those inhibitory for HIV-1 in monocytes in the absence of GM-CSF. Zidovudine 128-131 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 314-320 2538549-5 1989 Even in the face of this increased infection, GM-CSF also enhanced the net anti-HIV activity of 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and several related congeners: 2"3"-dideoxythymidine (ddT), 2"3"-dideoxy-2"3"-didehydrothymidine (D4T), and 3"-azido-2"3"-dideoxyuridine (AZddU). Inhibition of viral replication in GM-CSF-exposed M/M was achieved with concentrations of AZT and related drugs, which were 10-100 times lower than those inhibitory for HIV-1 in monocytes in the absence of GM-CSF. Zidovudine 128-131 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 314-320 2538549-11 1989 Taken together, these findings suggest that GM-CSF increases HIV-1 replication in M/M, while at the same time enhancing the anti-HIV activity of AZT and related congeners in these cells. Zidovudine 145-148 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-50 12153332-6 2002 Upon review of available data, the antiretroviral agents zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, efavirenz and indinavir demonstrate consistent penetration into the CSF. Zidovudine 57-67 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 172-175