PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 26608644-1 2016 CO2 elevation often alters the plant"s nitrate reductase (NR) activity, the first enzyme acting in the nitrate assimilation pathway. Nitrates 39-46 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 58-60 26608644-5 2016 In response to CO2 elevation, NR activity increased in low-nitrate Col-0 plants but was inhibited in high-nitrate Col-0 plants. Nitrates 59-66 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 30-32 26608644-5 2016 In response to CO2 elevation, NR activity increased in low-nitrate Col-0 plants but was inhibited in high-nitrate Col-0 plants. Nitrates 106-113 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 30-32 26608644-8 2016 Considering all of these findings, this study concluded that, in response to CO2 elevation, either the NR activity induction in low-nitrate plants or the NR activity inhibition in high-nitrate plants is regulated by NOS-generated NO. Nitrates 132-139 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 103-105 26608644-8 2016 Considering all of these findings, this study concluded that, in response to CO2 elevation, either the NR activity induction in low-nitrate plants or the NR activity inhibition in high-nitrate plants is regulated by NOS-generated NO. Nitrates 185-192 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 154-156 24642706-4 2014 This gene regulatory function of NRT1.1 on AFB3 and NAC4 differs from the previously described signaling function controlling NRT2.1, NIA1 and NIA2 transcript levels and root colonization of nitrate-rich patches. Nitrates 191-198 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 134-138 24986777-0 2015 A sensitive and stable amperometric nitrate biosensor employing Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate reductase. Nitrates 36-43 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 85-102 24986777-1 2015 Nitrate reductase (NR) from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been employed in the development of an amperometric nitrate biosensor that functions at physiological pH. Nitrates 115-122 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 24986777-1 2015 Nitrate reductase (NR) from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been employed in the development of an amperometric nitrate biosensor that functions at physiological pH. Nitrates 115-122 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 19-21 24986777-3 2015 Nitrate is enzymatically reduced to nitrite and the oxidized form of NR is electrochemically reduced by the hydroquinone form of the mediator (AQH2). Nitrates 0-7 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 69-71 24986777-4 2015 The GC/NR electrode shows a pronounced cathodic wave for nitrate reduction and the catalytic current increases linearly in the nitrate concentration range of 10-400 microM with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. Nitrates 57-64 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 7-9 25071800-2 2014 A central reaction in the cycle involves the reduction of nitrate (NO(-) 3) to nitrite (NO(-) 2) catalyzed by nitrate reductase (NR). Nitrates 58-65 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 110-127 24986777-4 2015 The GC/NR electrode shows a pronounced cathodic wave for nitrate reduction and the catalytic current increases linearly in the nitrate concentration range of 10-400 microM with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. Nitrates 127-134 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 7-9 24270626-7 2013 This conserved motif, referred to here as NRE43-d8, was previously shown to be critical for nitrate-activated transcription of nitrate reductase (NIA1) and nitrite reductase (NIR1) by the NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 6 (NLP6) in Arabidopsis. Nitrates 92-99 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 146-150 17470441-2 2007 Initial experiments in the late 1950s showing that nitrate enhances nitrate reductase (NR) activity after several hours of treatment have now progressed to transcriptome studies identifying over 1000 genes that respond to muM levels of nitrate within minutes. Nitrates 51-58 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-85 23725033-3 2013 Nitrate is reduced at the Mo active site of NR, yielding the oxidized form of the enzyme, which is reactivated by the electro-reduced form of the mediator. Nitrates 0-7 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 44-46 21454300-0 2011 The regulatory region controlling the nitrate-responsive expression of a nitrate reductase gene, NIA1, in Arabidopsis. Nitrates 38-45 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 73-90 21454300-0 2011 The regulatory region controlling the nitrate-responsive expression of a nitrate reductase gene, NIA1, in Arabidopsis. Nitrates 38-45 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 97-101 21454300-1 2011 Nitrate reductase (NR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of nitrate assimilation. Nitrates 70-77 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 21454300-1 2011 Nitrate reductase (NR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of nitrate assimilation. Nitrates 70-77 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 19-21 21454300-2 2011 It is well known that the expression of NR genes is rapidly induced in various plants by nitrate. Nitrates 89-96 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 40-42 21454300-4 2011 This cast some doubt on the role of the NR gene promoter in the nitrate-inducible expression of this gene. Nitrates 64-71 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 40-42 20668061-0 2010 Multiple regulatory elements in the Arabidopsis NIA1 promoter act synergistically to form a nitrate enhancer. Nitrates 92-99 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 48-52 20668061-4 2010 A 1.8-kb promoter fragment from the nitrate reductase gene NIA1 was identified that acts as a nitrate enhancer when fused to a 35S minimal promoter. Nitrates 36-43 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 59-63 20668061-10 2010 These findings were validated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants and identify a cis-regulatory module containing three elements that comprise a nitrate enhancer in the NIA1 promoter. Nitrates 142-149 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 166-170 22833666-6 2012 In contrast, an increased supply of nitrate stimulated NR activity and NO production, and enhanced SM and decreased SG levels in both genotypes. Nitrates 36-43 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 55-57 19633234-5 2009 The nrg1 mutation disrupted nitrate regulation of several endogenous genes as induction of three nitrate-responsive genes (NIA1, NiR, and NRT2.1) was dramatically reduced in roots of the mutant after 2-h treatment using nitrate concentrations from 0.25 to 20 mm. Nitrates 97-104 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 123-127 19633234-5 2009 The nrg1 mutation disrupted nitrate regulation of several endogenous genes as induction of three nitrate-responsive genes (NIA1, NiR, and NRT2.1) was dramatically reduced in roots of the mutant after 2-h treatment using nitrate concentrations from 0.25 to 20 mm. Nitrates 97-104 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 123-127 17470441-2 2007 Initial experiments in the late 1950s showing that nitrate enhances nitrate reductase (NR) activity after several hours of treatment have now progressed to transcriptome studies identifying over 1000 genes that respond to muM levels of nitrate within minutes. Nitrates 51-58 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 87-89 17470441-2 2007 Initial experiments in the late 1950s showing that nitrate enhances nitrate reductase (NR) activity after several hours of treatment have now progressed to transcriptome studies identifying over 1000 genes that respond to muM levels of nitrate within minutes. Nitrates 68-75 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 87-89 17470441-3 2007 The use of an Arabidopsis NR-null mutant allowed the identification of genes that respond to nitrate when the production of downstream metabolites of nitrate is blocked. Nitrates 93-100 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 26-28 17470441-3 2007 The use of an Arabidopsis NR-null mutant allowed the identification of genes that respond to nitrate when the production of downstream metabolites of nitrate is blocked. Nitrates 150-157 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 26-28 17470441-6 2007 Most of these genes and pathways are ones that were identified using the NR-null mutant as responding directly to nitrate. Nitrates 114-121 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 73-75 15908593-0 2005 Light-dark changes in cytosolic nitrate pools depend on nitrate reductase activity in Arabidopsis leaf cells. Nitrates 32-39 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-73 15908593-8 2005 To study the role of assimilation, specifically the activity of NR in regulating the size of the cytosolic nitrate pool, we have compared wild-type and mutant plants. Nitrates 107-114 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-66 15908593-10 2005 Such changes were not observed in nia1nia2 NR-deficient plants indicating that this change in cytosolic nitrate activity was dependent on the presence of functional NR. Nitrates 104-111 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 165-167 15908593-12 2005 Epidermal cells of both wild type and NR mutants had cytosolic nitrate activities that were not significantly different from mesophyll cells in the dark and were unaltered by dark-to-light transitions. Nitrates 63-70 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 38-40 15908593-13 2005 We propose that the NR-dependent changes in cytosolic nitrate provide a cellular mechanism for the diurnal changes in vacuolar nitrate storage, and the results are discussed in terms of the possible signaling role of cytosolic nitrate. Nitrates 54-61 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 20-22 15908593-13 2005 We propose that the NR-dependent changes in cytosolic nitrate provide a cellular mechanism for the diurnal changes in vacuolar nitrate storage, and the results are discussed in terms of the possible signaling role of cytosolic nitrate. Nitrates 127-134 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 20-22 15908593-13 2005 We propose that the NR-dependent changes in cytosolic nitrate provide a cellular mechanism for the diurnal changes in vacuolar nitrate storage, and the results are discussed in terms of the possible signaling role of cytosolic nitrate. Nitrates 127-134 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 20-22 15123642-3 2004 In addition, loss-of-function nitrate reductase mutants isolated from several nitrate-assimilating fungi appeared to be unable to accumulate nitrate. Nitrates 78-85 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 30-47 15333754-0 2004 Genomic analysis of the nitrate response using a nitrate reductase-null mutant of Arabidopsis. Nitrates 24-31 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 49-66 15333754-6 2004 Because the nitrate response of these genes was NR independent, nitrate and not a downstream metabolite served as the signal. Nitrates 12-19 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 48-50 15123642-0 2004 Nitrate reductase activity is required for nitrate uptake into fungal but not plant cells. Nitrates 43-50 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 15123642-1 2004 The ability to transport net nitrate was conferred upon transformant cells of the non-nitrate-assimilating yeast Pichia pastoris after the introduction of two genes, one encoding nitrate reductase and the other nitrate transport. Nitrates 29-36 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 179-196 15123642-4 2004 Uptake assays using the tracer (13)NO(3)(-) showed that nitrate influx is negligible in cells of a nitrate reductase null mutant. Nitrates 56-63 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 99-116 15123642-5 2004 In parallel studies using a higher eukaryotic plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, loss-of-function nitrate reductase strains homozygous for both NIA1 insertion and NIA2 deletion were found to have no detectable nitrate reductase mRNA or nitrate reductase activity but retained the ability to transport nitrate. Nitrates 92-99 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 138-142 34276717-0 2021 Growth Performance Can Be Increased Under High Nitrate and High Salt Stress Through Enhanced Nitrate Reductase Activity in Arabidopsis Anthocyanin Over-Producing Mutant Plants. Nitrates 47-54 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 93-110 12154133-8 2002 The expression of the three genes was also induced by nitrate supplement but the induction was most prominent and transient in AtpOMT1 similar to nitrate reductase gene. Nitrates 54-61 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 146-163 9085575-2 1997 We demonstrated previously that 238 and 330 bp of the 5" flanking regions, designated as NP1 and NP2, of the two nitrate reductase genes NR1 and NR2, respectively, are sufficient for nitrate-dependent transcription (Y. Lin, C.-F. Hwang, J.B. Brown, C.-L. Cheng [1994] Plant Physiol 106: 477-484). Nitrates 113-120 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 137-140 7991680-1 1994 Nitrate reductase (NR) is the first enzyme in nitrate assimilation, a critical process for plant survival. Nitrates 46-53 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 7991680-1 1994 Nitrate reductase (NR) is the first enzyme in nitrate assimilation, a critical process for plant survival. Nitrates 46-53 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 19-21 7991680-4 1994 We are interested in understanding the mechanism of nitrate induction of higher plant NR genes. Nitrates 52-59 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 86-88 7991680-5 1994 Here we describe promoter analyses of the 5" flanking regions of the Arabidopsis NR genes, NR1 and NR2, with respect to nitrate induction of gene expression. Nitrates 120-127 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 81-83 7991680-5 1994 Here we describe promoter analyses of the 5" flanking regions of the Arabidopsis NR genes, NR1 and NR2, with respect to nitrate induction of gene expression. Nitrates 120-127 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 91-94 7991680-8 1994 Deletion analyses of these regions show that 238- and 188-bp 5" flanking regions of the NR1 and NR2, respectively, contain sequences responsive to nitrate induction. Nitrates 147-154 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 88-91 8510658-6 1993 nia1, nia2 double mutants have only 0.5% of wild-type shoot NR activity and display very poor growth on media with nitrate as the only form of nitrogen. Nitrates 115-122 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 8510658-8 1993 These results show that the NIA1 gene encodes a functional NR protein that contributes to the assimilation of nitrate in Arabidopsis. Nitrates 110-117 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 8510658-8 1993 These results show that the NIA1 gene encodes a functional NR protein that contributes to the assimilation of nitrate in Arabidopsis. Nitrates 110-117 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 59-61 1534867-2 1992 Hundreds of chlorate-resistant mutants have been identified in plants, and almost all have been found to be defective in nitrate reduction due to mutations in either nitrate reductase (NR) structural genes or genes required for the synthesis of the NR cofactor molybdenum-pterin (MoCo). Nitrates 121-128 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 166-183 1534867-2 1992 Hundreds of chlorate-resistant mutants have been identified in plants, and almost all have been found to be defective in nitrate reduction due to mutations in either nitrate reductase (NR) structural genes or genes required for the synthesis of the NR cofactor molybdenum-pterin (MoCo). Nitrates 121-128 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 185-187 1534867-2 1992 Hundreds of chlorate-resistant mutants have been identified in plants, and almost all have been found to be defective in nitrate reduction due to mutations in either nitrate reductase (NR) structural genes or genes required for the synthesis of the NR cofactor molybdenum-pterin (MoCo). Nitrates 121-128 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 249-251 1542684-1 1992 Nitrate reductase, the first enzyme in nitrate assimilation, is located at the crossroad of two energy-consuming pathways: nitrate assimilation and carbon fixation. Nitrates 39-46 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 1542684-1 1992 Nitrate reductase, the first enzyme in nitrate assimilation, is located at the crossroad of two energy-consuming pathways: nitrate assimilation and carbon fixation. Nitrates 123-130 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 16668525-9 1991 Chlorate-treated plants still retain the capacity to make functional NR because NR activity could be restored by irrigating the chlorate-treated plants with nitrate. Nitrates 157-164 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 80-82 15107452-7 2004 The complex regulation of nitrate reduction is likely to have evolved not only to optimize nitrogen assimilation, but also to prevent and control the formation of toxic, and possibly regulatory, products of NR activities. Nitrates 26-33 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 207-209 14871307-11 2004 Nevertheless, our findings indicate the possibility that 14-3-3 binding to SnRK1-phosphorylated sites on NR and F2KP may regulate both nitrate assimilation and sucrose/starch partitioning in leaves. Nitrates 135-142 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 105-107 10948265-3 2000 Most of the known nitrate-regulated genes (including those encoding nitrate reductase, the nitrate transporter NRT1, and glutamate synthase) appeared in the 40 most strongly nitrate-induced genes/clones on at least one of the microarrays of the 5524 genes/clones investigated. Nitrates 18-25 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-85 8182055-1 1994 Nitrate reductase (NR), the first enzyme in the nitrate assimilation pathway, is regulated post-transcriptionally in response to light and CO2. Nitrates 48-55 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 8182055-1 1994 Nitrate reductase (NR), the first enzyme in the nitrate assimilation pathway, is regulated post-transcriptionally in response to light and CO2. Nitrates 48-55 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 19-21 16668164-3 1991 Although nitrate-induction kinetics of the two genes are very similar, NR1 is expressed in the absence of nitrate at a higher basal level than NR2. Nitrates 9-16 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 71-74 16668164-3 1991 Although nitrate-induction kinetics of the two genes are very similar, NR1 is expressed in the absence of nitrate at a higher basal level than NR2. Nitrates 106-113 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 71-74 35140727-8 2021 Since nlp7 also expressed less nitrate reductase (NR) activity, nitrate accumulated to abnormally high levels with or without salinity. Nitrates 64-71 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 31-48 35263337-8 2022 Using RNA sequencing analysis and in vitro biochemical experiment, we found NAC056 regulated the expression of genes required for NO3- assimilation, directly targeting the key nitrate assimilation gene NIA1. Nitrates 176-183 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 202-206 35263337-9 2022 In addition, mutation of NIA1 suppresses LR development and nitrate deficiency tolerance in the 35S::NAC056 transgenic plants. Nitrates 60-67 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-29 35163124-1 2022 The two homologous genes, NIA1 and NIA2, encode nitrate reductases in Arabidopsis, which govern the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Nitrates 113-120 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 26-30 35140727-8 2021 Since nlp7 also expressed less nitrate reductase (NR) activity, nitrate accumulated to abnormally high levels with or without salinity. Nitrates 64-71 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-52 30967583-7 2019 Physiological and molecular validation of nitrate-response revealed the sensitivity of germination to low N in the double mutant and differential expression of nitrate transporter (and nitrate reductase in all three mutants). Nitrates 42-49 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 185-202 3393528-0 1988 Sequence and nitrate regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA encoding nitrate reductase, a metalloflavoprotein with three functional domains. Nitrates 13-20 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 74-91 32907713-6 2020 We firstly found that NR activity was roughly positive-correlated with the root auxin level, and there is a crosstalk between nitrate signaling and auxin signaling. Nitrates 126-133 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 22-24 31951900-9 2020 Only NIA1 was detected in roots and its expression, together with NR activity and nitrates levels, was the highest in N medium devoid of Cd. Nitrates 82-90 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 5-9 30884848-1 2019 Nitrate reductase (NR) is important for higher land plants, as it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the nitrate assimilation pathway, the two-electron reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Nitrates 106-113 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 30884848-1 2019 Nitrate reductase (NR) is important for higher land plants, as it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the nitrate assimilation pathway, the two-electron reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Nitrates 166-173 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 28771873-6 2017 Nitrate reductase-null mutants exhibited nitrate-dependent root hair phenotypes comparable with wild-type plants, indicating that nitrate is the signal that leads to increased formation of root hairs. Nitrates 41-48 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 28771873-6 2017 Nitrate reductase-null mutants exhibited nitrate-dependent root hair phenotypes comparable with wild-type plants, indicating that nitrate is the signal that leads to increased formation of root hairs. Nitrates 130-137 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-17 31438763-3 2019 We recently found how nitrate, present at the shoot apical meristem (SAM), controls flowering time In this short communication, we present data on the tissue-specific expression patterns of NITRATE REDUCTASE 1 (NIA1) and NIA2 in planta. Nitrates 22-29 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 211-215 29860377-9 2018 This, according to the level of total soluble sugars, can be explained by the existence of a cross-talk between the sugars in excess and low nitrate in the medium that blocks the activity of nitrate reductase in stressful sugar conditions until the plant is adapted to the stress. Nitrates 141-148 nitrate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 191-208