PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 31138751-5 2019 Additional experiments with infected mice indicate that the IFN-gamma/STAT1/iNOS axis, while essential for parasite control, also supplies a pool of nitrate that serves as a source for anaerobic respiration and supports overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae Together, these data reveal a trade-off in intestinal immunity after oral infection of C57BL/6J mice with T. gondii, in which inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is required for parasite control, while this host enzyme is responsible for specific modification of the composition of the microbiome that contributes to pathology.IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite and a leading cause of foodborne illness. Nitrates 149-156 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 76-80 31306468-2 2019 The generation of host-derived nitrate is dependent on Nos2, which encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme that catalyzes nitric oxide (NO) production. Nitrates 31-38 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 55-59 31306468-2 2019 The generation of host-derived nitrate is dependent on Nos2, which encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme that catalyzes nitric oxide (NO) production. Nitrates 31-38 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 75-106 31306468-2 2019 The generation of host-derived nitrate is dependent on Nos2, which encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme that catalyzes nitric oxide (NO) production. Nitrates 31-38 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 108-112 31138751-5 2019 Additional experiments with infected mice indicate that the IFN-gamma/STAT1/iNOS axis, while essential for parasite control, also supplies a pool of nitrate that serves as a source for anaerobic respiration and supports overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae Together, these data reveal a trade-off in intestinal immunity after oral infection of C57BL/6J mice with T. gondii, in which inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is required for parasite control, while this host enzyme is responsible for specific modification of the composition of the microbiome that contributes to pathology.IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite and a leading cause of foodborne illness. Nitrates 149-156 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 412-416 23441627-8 2013 The high NOS-2 expression coincided with an exacerbated NO production in the infection focus and in plasma, as judging by nitrate + nitrite levels. Nitrates 122-129 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 9-14 27526131-5 2016 Acidotic conditions for up to 6 h increased the iNOS expression significantly which was functional as indicated by an elevated level of nitrate/nitrite formation by 30 %. Nitrates 136-143 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 48-52 23820397-5 2013 In turn, this inflammatory response enhanced the luminal growth of E. coli by nitrate respiration in a Nos2-dependent fashion. Nitrates 78-85 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 103-107 23820397-9 2013 Here we show that streptomycin increases the inflammatory tone of the intestinal mucosa, thereby making the bowel more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium treatment and boosting the Nos2-dependent growth of commensal Escherichia coli by nitrate respiration. Nitrates 239-246 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 184-188 27435462-4 2016 Generation of nitrate in the intestinal lumen required inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was synthesized constitutively in the mucosa of the terminal ileum but not in the jejunum, duodenum, or cecum. Nitrates 14-21 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 88-92 27435462-10 2016 This pathway required the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) Tsr and energy taxis toward host-derived nitrate, which we found to be generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ileal mucosa prior to infection. Nitrates 109-116 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 185-189 26163808-3 2015 LPS-stimulated iNOS and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was assessed by measuring cellular nitrate and superoxide ( [Formula: see text] ) production, respectively. Nitrates 120-127 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 15-19 26163808-4 2015 The generation of both nitrate and [Formula: see text] in response to LPS was suppressed by TLR4 inhibitors, indicating that activation of iNOS and Nox is TLR4-dependent. Nitrates 23-30 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 139-143 21554376-9 2011 Levels of nitrite and nitrate (NO(x)), as an index of nitric oxide, bioavailability were significantly decreased in the iNOS(-/-) diabetic mouse heart. Nitrates 22-29 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 120-124 18394025-9 2008 RESULTS: Despite similar infarct size, deficiency in iNOS resulted in significantly lower plasma nitrate/nitrite levels, better haemodynamic performance and lower mortality 2 weeks after coronary ligation. Nitrates 97-104 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 53-57 19681094-7 2009 Analysis of iNOS protein and the associated formation of nitrites and lipid peroxidation products was performed using immunoblotting and biochemical analysis, and revealed increases in iNOS protein, nitrate levels and oxidative stress at day 1 following ionizing irradiation. Nitrates 199-206 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 12-16 18791203-8 2009 CONCLUSION: LPS + IFN gamma stimulates endothelial cells to produce iNOS-derived NO and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, which form peroxynitrite that nitrates tyrosine residues in PP2Ac and inhibits their phosphorylation. Nitrates 152-160 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 68-72 19001185-13 2009 However, in mice lacking iNOS, maximum and minimum dP/dt, as well as an indicator of isovolumic contraction, markedly increased in response to isoproterenol, associated with decreased cardiac 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal expression and urinary nitrate/nitrite. Nitrates 235-242 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 25-29 10583588-2 1999 Continuous treatment with 5 mm or 10 mm l-N6-(1-imino-ethyl)-lysine (L-NIL), a selective NOS2-inhibitor, in acidified drinking water for up to 7 weeks consistently reduced infection-induced nitrate/nitrite to background levels in mycobacteria-infected BALB/c mice. Nitrates 190-197 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 89-93 12127127-9 2002 Plasma and intestinal levels of the nitric oxide products, nitrite/nitrate, were increased in the iNOS +/+ mice fed the TPN solution but not in the chow-fed groups or the iNOS -/- mice receiving TPN solution. Nitrates 67-74 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 98-102 11580101-3 2001 Aminoguanidine, a selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor, abolished the inhibition of neutrophil migration and the increase in serum nitrate levels induced by a nonlethal dose of LPS. Nitrates 136-143 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 28-49 11442316-2 2001 A severe inflammatory response characterized by peritoneal exudation, high peritoneal levels of nitrate/nitrite, and leukocyte infiltration into peritoneal exudate was induced by zymosan administration in iNOS +/+ mice. Nitrates 96-103 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 205-209 11442316-5 2001 Peritoneal administration of zymosan in the iNOS +/+ mice induced also a significant increase in the plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate and in the levels of peroxynitrite at 18 h after zymosan challenge. Nitrates 126-133 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 44-48 10788454-3 2000 Total nitrate and nitrite production was completely abolished in cells from iNOS-deficient animals compared with control cells. Nitrates 6-13 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 76-80 16705756-4 2006 Nitrite plus nitrate levels were lower in iNOS(-/-) compared with iNOS(+/+) mice, but CCl(4) did not produce a significant effect in any mice. Nitrates 13-20 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 42-46 12563676-10 2003 The serum nitrite/nitrate levels, histological grades of articular cartilage degradation, and numbers of apoptotic chondrocytes and nitrotyrosine positive chondrocytes were significantly lower in NOS2-/- mice with AMA than in WT mice with AMA. Nitrates 18-25 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 196-200 12358336-9 2002 In iNOS-deficient mice, both iNOS expression and NT formation were completely abolished, and the total amounts of nitrite and nitrate in BAL fluid were significantly decreased. Nitrates 126-133 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 3-7 11793130-6 2002 Urinary nitrite + nitrate excretion was significantly lower in iNOS KO mice compared to control animals at all time points; in C57 mice, urinary nitrite declined progressively with more prolonged duration of diabetes. Nitrates 18-25 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 63-67 11407704-8 2001 RESULTS: In iNOS+/+ animals with AIA, the plasma concentration of nitrite/nitrate was increased 3-fold and iNOS expression was detected in cells of the joint. Nitrates 74-81 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 12-16 11098975-13 2000 iNOS+/+ mice subjected to SMAO had increased plasma concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), and the plasma concentrations of NO2- and NO3- were highest in the mice in which bacterial translocation had occurred. Nitrates 89-96 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 0-4 9366711-9 1997 Nitrite and nitrate levels of the liver, ileum, and blood were higher in the iNOS+/+ mice (P < .05). Nitrates 12-19 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 77-81 9242464-5 1997 Inhibition of iNOS in vivo was confirmed by decreases in plasma nitrite + nitrate concentrations in treated animals compared with that of controls (63-83% decreases for all experiments) and was supported by plasma and tumor concentrations of 1400W that were equivalent and 2.6-4.9 times higher than the EC50 previously reported for iNOS in a tissue assay. Nitrates 74-81 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 14-18