PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 17766707-8 2007 Peak epinephrine levels to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were significantly correlated with peak cortisol levels. Hydrocortisone 96-104 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 17295610-2 2007 We hypothesize that cortisol is associated with impaired microvascular function and that this contributes to cortisol-associated high blood pressure and insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 20-28 insulin Homo sapiens 153-160 17295610-8 2007 In women, but not in men, urinary cortisol excretion was associated with impaired capillary recruitment (r=-0.66, P<0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (r=0.64, P<0.001) and lower insulin sensitivity (r=-0.43, P<0.05). Hydrocortisone 34-42 insulin Homo sapiens 189-196 16772320-0 2006 Insulin resistance induced by hydrocortisone is increased in patients with abdominal obesity. Hydrocortisone 30-44 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 17294833-9 2006 The novel finding of the study is that the changes in serum cortisol, but not DHEA-S, were associated with the change in insulin sensitivity during early phase of lifestyle change from physically active to sedentary, and this response appears to be varied individually among athletes. Hydrocortisone 60-68 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 16868064-7 2006 RESULTS: Total and calculated free cortisol levels were equally elevated upon admission in both patient groups and thereafter were lower in intensive insulin-treated patients. Hydrocortisone 35-43 insulin Homo sapiens 150-157 16868064-8 2006 Lower cortisol levels statistically related to the outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy. Hydrocortisone 6-14 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 16868064-11 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum cortisol levels in critically ill patients receiving intensive insulin therapy statistically related to improved outcome with this intervention. Hydrocortisone 25-33 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 17370058-2 2007 We evaluated the relationship between cortisol metabolism and insulin sensitivity, adjusting for total and regional fat content and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hydrocortisone 38-46 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 17370058-7 2007 Multiple regression modelling showed that the relationship between cortisol clearance and insulin sensitivity was independent of body fat. Hydrocortisone 67-75 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 17263675-11 2007 Cortisol levels of TBI patients were significantly (p < 0.05) lower all through the insulin test than values measured in control group. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 87-94 15823722-0 2005 Chromium picolinate may favorably influence the vascular risk associated with smoking by combating cortisol-induced insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 99-107 insulin Homo sapiens 116-123 16970246-11 2006 The greater level of insulin concentration under CP state appears to be associated with elevated serum cortisol level. Hydrocortisone 103-111 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 17315601-3 2005 The cardiovascular consequences of cortisol excess are protean and include, inter alia, elevation of blood pressure, truncal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Hydrocortisone 35-43 insulin Homo sapiens 139-146 15607573-4 2005 Since cortisol promotes development of visceral obesity, and has a direct negative impact on insulin function throughout the body, even a modest sustained up-regulation of cortisol production may have the potential to increase risk for insulin resistance syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Hydrocortisone 6-14 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 15607573-4 2005 Since cortisol promotes development of visceral obesity, and has a direct negative impact on insulin function throughout the body, even a modest sustained up-regulation of cortisol production may have the potential to increase risk for insulin resistance syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Hydrocortisone 172-180 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 15128284-1 2004 The capacity of the adrenal to produce cortisol is controlled in part by 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) and the production of androgens by 17-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase (CYP17), in response to secretagogues including ACTH, angiotensin-II (A-II) and insulin. Hydrocortisone 39-47 insulin Homo sapiens 228-245 15044359-2 2004 Physiologically appropriate concentrations of naturally secreted corticosteroids (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rats) have major stimulatory effects on caloric intake and, in the presence of insulin, preference. Hydrocortisone 82-90 insulin Homo sapiens 199-206 15588236-2 2004 In particular, cortisol replacement if given in supra physiologic doses immediately before the evaluation of insulin sensitivity could influence insulin sensitivity. Hydrocortisone 15-23 insulin Homo sapiens 109-116 15588236-2 2004 In particular, cortisol replacement if given in supra physiologic doses immediately before the evaluation of insulin sensitivity could influence insulin sensitivity. Hydrocortisone 15-23 insulin Homo sapiens 145-152 15117582-9 2004 The fifth patient"s results showed a diminished response due to the antagonistic effects of hydrocortisone on insulin, a data point not provided prior to testing. Hydrocortisone 92-106 insulin Homo sapiens 110-117 12965873-5 2004 Furthermore, basal insulin concentrations were higher during hydrocortisone than during saline infusion (P < 0.01), indicating the presence of steroid-induced insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 61-75 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 15043686-14 2004 We speculate that the mechanism leading to insulin resistance in these subjects is also suppressing plasma TNF-alpha and cortisol concentrations. Hydrocortisone 121-129 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 12965873-14 2004 These results suggest that cortisol excess impairs glucose tolerance by decreasing both insulin action and glucose effectiveness. Hydrocortisone 27-35 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 15256820-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance occurs both in obesity and in Cushing"s syndrome suggesting a pathogenetic role of cortisol in insulin-resistant obese subjects. Hydrocortisone 114-122 insulin Homo sapiens 12-19 14652720-2 2004 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) activates functionally inert glucocorticoid precursors (cortisone) to active glucocorticoids (cortisol) within insulin target tissues, such as adipose tissue, thereby regulating local glucocorticoid action. Hydrocortisone 164-172 insulin Homo sapiens 181-188 15256820-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance occurs both in obesity and in Cushing"s syndrome suggesting a pathogenetic role of cortisol in insulin-resistant obese subjects. Hydrocortisone 114-122 insulin Homo sapiens 126-133 12641634-8 2003 RESULTS: At 09.00 h, cortisol concentration was strongly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.25 and r = 0.24, respectively; P < 0.001), fasting glucose concentration (r = 0.26; P < 0.001), insulin resistance (r = 0.20; P < 0.001) and fasting triglyceride concentration (r = 0.17; P < 0.001). Hydrocortisone 21-29 insulin Homo sapiens 220-227 14709839-11 2003 The increase of the rate of DHEA/cortisol during OGTT was associated with maximal insulin response (r = 0.45, p<0.05) and with the insulin(AUC) (r = 0.48, p<0.05) in women. Hydrocortisone 33-41 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 14709839-11 2003 The increase of the rate of DHEA/cortisol during OGTT was associated with maximal insulin response (r = 0.45, p<0.05) and with the insulin(AUC) (r = 0.48, p<0.05) in women. Hydrocortisone 33-41 insulin Homo sapiens 134-146 14671189-0 2003 Altered cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: insulin enhances 5alpha-reduction but not the elevated adrenal steroid production rates. Hydrocortisone 8-16 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 14594110-5 2003 The rise of morning cortisol values was positively associated with body mass index (r: 0.45, p=0.016), waist/hip ratio (r: 0.54, p=0.003), abdominal sagittal diameter (r: 0.54, p=0.003), glucose (r: 0.54, p=0.003), insulin (r: 0.57, p=0.002) and triglycerides (r: 0.46, p=0.014). Hydrocortisone 20-28 insulin Homo sapiens 215-222 12450763-2 2003 This paper proposes that post-prandial insulin resistance, in association with raised levels of cortisol and catecholamines, plays the major role, and may even be the primary causative factor. Hydrocortisone 96-104 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 12505096-0 2002 Relationship of insulin resistance and overweight with cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels. Hydrocortisone 55-63 insulin Homo sapiens 16-23 12466357-1 2002 Recent evidence suggests that increased cortisol secretion, altered cortisol metabolism, and/or increased tissue sensitivity to cortisol may link insulin resistance, hypertension, and obesity. Hydrocortisone 40-48 insulin Homo sapiens 146-153 12459599-6 2002 RESULTS: The 30-minute cortisol level during the low-dose corticotropin stimulation test was most closely correlated (r=0.79) with the peak cortisol level achieved during the insulin tolerance test. Hydrocortisone 23-31 insulin Homo sapiens 175-182 12459599-6 2002 RESULTS: The 30-minute cortisol level during the low-dose corticotropin stimulation test was most closely correlated (r=0.79) with the peak cortisol level achieved during the insulin tolerance test. Hydrocortisone 140-148 insulin Homo sapiens 175-182 12505096-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Our objective was to assess the relationship of hormones such as cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) with insulin resistance and overweight. Hydrocortisone 77-85 insulin Homo sapiens 135-142 10918534-10 2000 In males ASC basal aromatase activity (20.5+/-4.2 pmol/mg/h; n=5) was inhibited by cortisol (10-7 M) alone (12.3+/-1.8 pmol/mg/h) and in combination with insulin (6.6+/-1.2 pmol/mg/h; men vs women, P<0.005). Hydrocortisone 83-91 insulin Homo sapiens 154-161 12167605-8 2002 All the effects of insulin on NHE3 activity, protein, and mRNA were amplified in the presence of hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 97-111 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 12167605-9 2002 These results suggest that insulin stimulates renal tubular NHE3 activity via a biphasic mechanism involving posttranslational factors and an increase in NHE3 gene expression and the effects are dependent on the permissive action of hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 233-247 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 11888847-9 2002 CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the GLP-1 and ACTH/cortisol responses to oral glucose are abnormal in insulin-resistant DM1 patients and that CTG triplet repeats are linked to GIP release. Hydrocortisone 55-63 insulin Homo sapiens 106-113 11895227-0 2001 Peak cortisol response to insulin tolerance test: how reproducible is it really? Hydrocortisone 5-13 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 11874410-0 2002 Effects of low-dose oral hydrocortisone replacement versus short-term reproduction of physiological serum cortisol concentrations on insulin action in adult-onset hypopituitarism. Hydrocortisone 25-39 insulin Homo sapiens 133-140 11344223-8 2001 This increase in cortisol secretion might be the endocrine mechanism underlying the previously observed associations between the NcoI TNF-alpha polymorphism and obesity as well as insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 17-25 insulin Homo sapiens 180-187 11054648-16 2000 The inhibition of beta-cell secretion could be direct or, alternatively, could involve an improvement in postoperative insulin resistance, perhaps by reducing serum cortisol. Hydrocortisone 165-173 insulin Homo sapiens 119-126 10784178-7 2000 In the presence of insulin, stimulation by T3 or hydrocortisone alone had no effect on glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, whereas their concomitant addition significantly increased it. Hydrocortisone 49-63 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 10762282-1 2000 OBJECTIVES: To test whether insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an altered overall setpoint of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) mediated cortisol to cortisone interconversion towards cortisol, and to evaluate whether changes in insulin sensitivity induced by antecedent hyperinsulinaemia are related to changes in the 11betaHSD setpoint. Hydrocortisone 186-194 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 10762282-1 2000 OBJECTIVES: To test whether insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an altered overall setpoint of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) mediated cortisol to cortisone interconversion towards cortisol, and to evaluate whether changes in insulin sensitivity induced by antecedent hyperinsulinaemia are related to changes in the 11betaHSD setpoint. Hydrocortisone 232-240 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 10762282-9 2000 In type 2 diabetic patients, insulin sensitivity was further impaired by antecedent hyperinsulinaemia (P < 0.05), but the urinary (THF + allo-THF)/THE ratio (0.80 +/- 0.14, ns) and the plasma cortisol/cortisone at 0800 h (3.66 +/- 0.72, ns) did not change. Hydrocortisone 195-203 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 10619975-1 1999 OBJECTIVE: The standard dynamic test used to diagnose hypopituitarism is the insulin tolerance test (ITT), in which insulin-induced secretion of ACTH, GH and cortisol is measured. Hydrocortisone 158-166 insulin Homo sapiens 77-84 10664531-3 2000 ii) Reduction of cortisone to cortisol in the liver may increase insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and inhibition of the enzyme may lead to a decrease in gluconeogenesis. Hydrocortisone 30-38 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 10619975-1 1999 OBJECTIVE: The standard dynamic test used to diagnose hypopituitarism is the insulin tolerance test (ITT), in which insulin-induced secretion of ACTH, GH and cortisol is measured. Hydrocortisone 158-166 insulin Homo sapiens 116-123 10634968-9 1999 Cortisol counteracts the insulin activation of glycogen synthase in muscle, the insulin inhibition of hepatic glucose production and the insulin inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue, leading to the well-established systemic insulin resistance caused by excess cortisol. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 25-32 9867071-5 1998 Also, a high cortisol response to ACTH, a low cortisol level during the OGTT, and a high ratio of these cortisol determinations (cortisol ratio) were associated with high fasting insulin and glucose levels, the summed insulin values, and the insulin to glucose ratio only among nonexhausted and low DB men; among exhausted and high DB men, these associations were less pronounced, absent, or in the opposite direction. Hydrocortisone 13-21 insulin Homo sapiens 179-186 9856405-6 1998 beta-Hydroxybutyrate increased quadratically with phlorizin injection during 2 to 24 h and tended to increase quadratically during 8 to 72 h. The ratio of insulin to glucagon tended to decrease linearly with phlorizin injection during the 1st 24 h but was unaffected from 8 to 72 h. Triiodothyronine, but not thyroxine, tended to decrease linearly with phlorizin injection during 8 to 72 h. Cortisol was not affected by treatment. Hydrocortisone 391-399 insulin Homo sapiens 155-162 9506721-6 1998 Fasting plasma cortisol concentrations varied from 112-702 nmol/L and were related to systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02), fasting and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations after an oral glucose tolerance test (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.04), plasma triglyceride levels (P = 0.009), and insulin resistance (P = 0.006). Hydrocortisone 15-23 insulin Homo sapiens 276-283 9425398-0 1997 Lower cortisol levels after oral glucose in subjects with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. Hydrocortisone 6-14 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 10682483-5 1998 Following ACTH stimulation, PCOS subjects, especially of Group 2 with obvious insulin resistance, showed higher responses of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone as compared with the controls. Hydrocortisone 125-133 insulin Homo sapiens 78-85 9425398-16 1997 Perhaps the subjects with higher abdominal fat or insulin resistance are prone to lower cortisol levels after carbohydrate-rich intakes in the morning. Hydrocortisone 88-96 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 8912043-11 1996 DISCUSSION: The exaggerated insulin response was seen as a physiological adaptation to intermittent starvation reversible with treatment, while the blunted insulin response associated with higher cortisol levels was seen to result from more constant nutritional deprivation secondary to greater disturbance of behavior. Hydrocortisone 196-204 insulin Homo sapiens 156-163 9274707-9 1997 Pre-meal and peak insulin levels showed a positive correlation with circulating mean leptin levels (r = +0.65; P < 0.001 and r = +0.78; P < 0.001, respectively) in all subjects, while pre-meal and peak serum cortisol levels showed an inverse relation with leptin levels (r = -0.53; P = 0.002 and r = -0.41; P = 0.02, respectively); this effect was independent of BMI in the obese subjects. Hydrocortisone 214-222 insulin Homo sapiens 18-25 9055386-8 1997 These effects of insulin and IGF-I were accompanied by decreases in the ratio of dehydroepiandrosterone/cortisol synthesized from pregnenolone by the cultures. Hydrocortisone 104-112 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 8923834-3 1996 Treatment for 3 days with IGF-I or -II at nanomolar concentrations or with insulin at micromolar concentrations slightly increased the production of androstenedione, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone about 1.5-fold over that by control cells. Hydrocortisone 166-174 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 8691927-4 1996 Assessment of cortisol response was by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in three cases, by short tetracosactrin test in two, and by low-dose tetracosactrin and 24-hour urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio in one. Hydrocortisone 14-22 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 8772471-5 1996 Larger cortisol elevations, such as occurred after hydrocortisone administration, were additionally associated with the appearance of insulin resistance, which developed 4-6 h after the cortisol elevation and persisted for > 16 h. These observations support the concept that the 24-h cortisol rhythmicity is responsible, at least in part, for the normal diurnal variation in glucose tolerance. Hydrocortisone 51-65 insulin Homo sapiens 134-141 8708543-6 1996 In women, higher cortisol levels were associated with increased insulin levels; an increase of 9.7 mU/l insulin per unit cortisol/CBG (S.E. Hydrocortisone 17-25 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 8708543-6 1996 In women, higher cortisol levels were associated with increased insulin levels; an increase of 9.7 mU/l insulin per unit cortisol/CBG (S.E. Hydrocortisone 17-25 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 8708543-6 1996 In women, higher cortisol levels were associated with increased insulin levels; an increase of 9.7 mU/l insulin per unit cortisol/CBG (S.E. Hydrocortisone 121-129 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 7473517-1 1995 Studies in humans have shown that cortisol administration (200 mg/day) increases cardiac output, renal vascular resistance, glomerular filtration rate, plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume, exchangeable sodium, plasma glucose, insulin, renin substrate and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations as well as urinary kallikrein excretion. Hydrocortisone 34-42 insulin Homo sapiens 232-239 8861670-2 1996 The purpose of this study was to determine if the increase in cortisol and/or decrease in testosterone concentrations commonly evident with intense endurance training is associated with insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 62-70 insulin Homo sapiens 186-193 8851689-3 1996 The function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was assessed by the response of ACTH and cortisol to insulin tolerance test (ITT). Hydrocortisone 99-107 insulin Homo sapiens 111-118 9017275-11 1996 Elevated cortisol levels, deficiencies in sex-specific steroid hormones and excess androgens result in insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 9-17 insulin Homo sapiens 103-110 8077367-6 1994 The results confirm previous findings that cortisol, in the presence of insulin, has a marked stimulatory effect on LPL activity in human adipose tissue in vitro. Hydrocortisone 43-51 insulin Homo sapiens 72-79 7696075-4 1995 Plasma noradrenaline and cortisol concentrations increased significantly during major surgery and there were significant correlations between the increase in these counter-regulatory hormones and the amount of insulin administered. Hydrocortisone 25-33 insulin Homo sapiens 210-217 8077310-6 1993 During 2.0 mU insulin, cycle activity was greater after cortisol than saline (3.6 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.5 mumol/kg.min; P < 0.005). Hydrocortisone 56-64 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 7712917-1 1994 It is shown that the maximum specific binding rate (B/T) of erythrocyte membrane receptor to insulin was significantly decreased, the concentration of plasma insulin was significantly increased and the level of plasma glucose was not obviously changed after taking hydrocortisone (1.25mg/kg) or dexamethasone (37.5 micrograms/kg) orally. Hydrocortisone 265-279 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 7712917-1 1994 It is shown that the maximum specific binding rate (B/T) of erythrocyte membrane receptor to insulin was significantly decreased, the concentration of plasma insulin was significantly increased and the level of plasma glucose was not obviously changed after taking hydrocortisone (1.25mg/kg) or dexamethasone (37.5 micrograms/kg) orally. Hydrocortisone 265-279 insulin Homo sapiens 158-165 8227343-4 1993 The greater hepatic response during the variable cortisol infusion was mediated (at least in part) by inhibition of insulin and stimulation of glucagon secretion as reflected by lower (P < 0.05) C-peptide (0.29 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.04 mmol/liter per 6 h) and higher (P < 0.05) glucagon (42.7 +/- 2.0 vs. 39.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml per 6 h) concentrations. Hydrocortisone 49-57 insulin Homo sapiens 116-123 8174837-4 1994 Insulin sensitivity was estimated by an insulin (0.4 mU.kg-1 x min-1)-glucose (4.5 mg.kg-1 x min-1)-infusion test (IGIT) for 6.5 h. Mental stress evoked significant responses for adrenaline, cortisol and GH, their respective peak values being 0.27 +/- 0.05 nmol/l, 426 +/- 27 nmol/l and 7.6 +/- 1.8 micrograms/l, as well as increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate The steady-state blood glucose levels, i.e. the mean blood glucose levels 3-6.5 h after the start of the IGIT, were significantly higher after stress, compared with those on the control day, 10.6 +/- 1.5 vs 8.7 +/- 1.4 mmol/l, p = 0.01, demonstrating impairment of the insulin sensitivity by mental stress. Hydrocortisone 191-199 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 7957534-0 1994 Serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide response to oral glucose after intravenous administration of hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone in man. Hydrocortisone 98-112 insulin Homo sapiens 27-36 8077310-3 1993 Endogenous glucose production ([6-3H]glucose) was greater after cortisol than saline in the postabsorptive state (13.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 12.2 +/- 0.5 mumol/kg.min; P < 0.05) and during 0.4-mU insulin infusion (10.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.0 +/- 0.8 mumol/kg.min; P < 0.005). Hydrocortisone 64-72 insulin Homo sapiens 189-196 8496333-3 1993 In addition, plasma cortisol and norepinephrine were also increased in the high insulin study (by 19% and 24% respectively, p < 0.01, for both). Hydrocortisone 20-28 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 8215639-1 1993 OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine how temporary insulin suppression might alter the catabolic effects of cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine. Hydrocortisone 114-122 insulin Homo sapiens 57-64 8215639-5 1993 An infusion of hydrocortisone, glucagon, and epinephrine increases both stress hormone concentrations and insulin levels. Hydrocortisone 15-29 insulin Homo sapiens 106-113 7680833-7 1993 Insulin concentrations were maintained at approximately 30 pmol/l throughout saline and cortisol infusions. Hydrocortisone 88-96 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 1438102-4 1992 An alternative way of interpreting insulin resistance is to consider that metabolism in this condition would be regulated to a greater extent by stress hormones and in particular by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 182-190 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 1438102-9 1992 An increased control of metabolism by cortisol therefore produces changes in metabolism that are potentially atherogenic and it is associated with insulin resistance and the other risk factors for atherosclerosis. Hydrocortisone 38-46 insulin Homo sapiens 147-154 1370906-1 1992 Results of previous studies indicated that insulin at levels comparable to those in humans during hyperinsulinemia decreased ACTH-stimulated cortisol and androstenedione secretion by bovine adrenal fasciculata-reticularis cells in primary culture. Hydrocortisone 141-149 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 1907075-10 1991 The higher cortisol level in carbohydrate group may be secondary to higher insulin levels. Hydrocortisone 11-19 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 1324968-12 1992 Eight months after the start of cortisol supplementation, the insulin response to 75 g OGTT appeared. Hydrocortisone 32-40 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 1773700-4 1991 Elevated secretion of cortisol and/or testosterone induces insulin resistance in muscle. Hydrocortisone 22-30 insulin Homo sapiens 59-66 1773700-7 1991 Cortisol and testosterone have "permissive" effect on adipose lipolysis and therefore amplify lipolytic stimulation; FFA, cortisol, and testosterone thus have powerful combined effects, resulting in insulin resistance and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Hydrocortisone 122-130 insulin Homo sapiens 199-206 34639470-2 2021 Cortisol is one of the factors that has a significant impact on the development of insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 83-90 34855331-9 2021 Serum Cortisol correlated positively with total insulin dose required to resolve HE. Hydrocortisone 6-14 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 34669746-10 2021 After adjustment for serum insulin and leptin, the correlation between serum cortisol and fasting glucose remained significant. Hydrocortisone 77-85 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 34897013-5 2021 A certain role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome is also attributed to disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the form of increased cortisol control, which may initiate the development of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Hydrocortisone 161-169 insulin Homo sapiens 236-243 34131601-3 2021 Concomitantly, the metabolic damage caused by lower testosterone and higher cortisol levels may stimulate systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and suppress pathways involved in muscle protein synthesis. Hydrocortisone 76-84 insulin Homo sapiens 129-136 34209784-5 2021 Cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid, is considered to lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 70-77 2669881-15 1989 The high concentrations of counterregulatory hormones, cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon will minimize glucose utilization by insulin-sensitive tissues, despite high concentrations of both glucose and insulin, but these hormones are not able to prevent suppression of ketone body synthesis in the liver. Hydrocortisone 55-63 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 35537608-1 2022 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11beta-HSD1) has been identified as the primary enzyme responsible for the activation of hepatic cortisone to cortisol in specific peripheral tissues resulting in the concomitant antagonism of insulin action within these tissues. Hydrocortisone 149-157 insulin Homo sapiens 232-239 35457158-7 2022 Conversely, autonomous adrenal cortisol secretion generates visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 31-39 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 35465075-0 2022 A Comparison of the Blood Glucose, Growth Hormone, and Cortisol Responses to Two Doses of Insulin (0.15 U/kg vs. 0.10 U/kg) in the Insulin Tolerance Test: A Single-Centre Audit of 174 Cases. Hydrocortisone 55-63 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 35465075-1 2022 Objective: The insulin tolerance test (ITT) is the gold standard endocrine test used to assess the integrity of the growth hormone (GH) and cortisol axes. Hydrocortisone 140-148 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 35339652-6 2022 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the change in serum cortisol levels in the morning (8 a.m.) and afternoon (1 p.m.), and the secondary outcomes included changes in levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), serotonin, insulin-like growth factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and natural killer cell activity, and results from a questionnaire on mood, cognition, and quality of life. Hydrocortisone 67-75 insulin Homo sapiens 240-247 35563608-16 2022 As expected, PAS reduced insulin secretion but also induced an improvement in insulin sensitivity as a result of cortisol reduction. Hydrocortisone 113-121 insulin Homo sapiens 78-85 3294236-4 1988 Transferrin, hydrocortisone, or ethanolamine had no growth-stimulatory effects alone but were stimulatory when combined with EGF and/or insulin. Hydrocortisone 13-27 insulin Homo sapiens 136-143 2903152-5 1988 Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that insulin (0.7-7 nM) suppressed both the basal as well as the hydrocortisone (100 nM)-stimulated expression of newly synthesized 22-kDa GH in a dose-dependent fashion. Hydrocortisone 101-115 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 2903152-6 1988 Insulin (7 nM) also suppressed the basal and hydrocortisone-stimulated GH mRNA transcripts in these cells. Hydrocortisone 45-59 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 2558457-2 1989 Decreased functional activity of the adrenal cortex was revealed, manifesting by a slow rise of the blood plasma hydrocortisone by the 30th minute after insulin injection. Hydrocortisone 113-127 insulin Homo sapiens 153-160 3281654-2 1988 Cortisol and cortexolone, but not oestrogen, increased both the binding of insulin and the amount of insulin-receptor mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 3056809-5 1988 There were no significant changes in glucagon, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, while cortisol showed a decline according to its diurnal rhythm during proinsulin infusion and control. Hydrocortisone 99-107 insulin Homo sapiens 164-174 2849397-1 1988 The response of plasma immunoreactive (IR)-ACTH, IR-beta-endorphin (beta-END) and IR-cortisol to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, an acute stimulus to the pituitary corticotrophs through the central nervous system, and to synthetic ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), a direct corticotroph stimulator, were studied in normal males and males with myotonic dystrophy. Hydrocortisone 85-93 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 3536369-3 1986 Preincubation with 10 microM of hydrocortisone for 36 h at 37 degrees C resulted in significantly increased insulin binding (1.73 +/- 0.12 ng/mg protein for treated cells vs. 1.13 +/- 0.025 ng/mg protein for control cells, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001). Hydrocortisone 32-46 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 3546356-2 1987 A 30- to 70-fold increase in the number of developing fat cells was achieved by the addition of cortisol or related corticosteroids in the presence of insulin. Hydrocortisone 96-104 insulin Homo sapiens 151-158 3307773-1 1987 The effects of gluconeogenic hormones, adrenaline and cortisol, on insulin binding were studied in intact human red blood cells. Hydrocortisone 54-62 insulin Homo sapiens 67-74 3028510-3 1987 After the administration of 0.15 U/kg of regular insulin, both controls and patients with MD showed an increase in plasma ACTH and cortisol levels. Hydrocortisone 131-139 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 3527928-11 1986 The cause of insulin relative insensitivity in the morning could be due to altered liver response to the cortisol peak in type 1 diabetics. Hydrocortisone 105-113 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 3024954-0 1986 Cortisol responsiveness to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in Cushing"s syndrome with huge nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 3000117-6 1985 ACTH and cortisol responses to insulin were slightly decreased in the older diabetics. Hydrocortisone 9-17 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 3464150-7 1986 Significant positive correlations were found between the increase of plasma cortisol levels during normal pregnancy and the concomitant decrease in glucose tolerance indicating that the increased cortisol levels might be involved in the development of the insulin resistance found in normal pregnancy. Hydrocortisone 76-84 insulin Homo sapiens 256-263 4031068-0 1985 Induction of the insulin proreceptor by hydrocortisone in cultured lymphocytes (IM-9 line). Hydrocortisone 40-54 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 4031068-1 1985 Hydrocortisone increases the number of insulin receptors at the surface of human cultured lymphocytes (IM-9 line) without altering the degradation of the mature receptor subunits. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 4031068-6 1985 The incorporation of [3H]mannose into the insulin receptor precursor and the mature subunits was detectable as early as 30 min of chase and was two to three times higher in hydrocortisone-treated cells at any time point of incubation. Hydrocortisone 173-187 insulin Homo sapiens 42-49 4031068-8 1985 Hydrocortisone represents the first pharmacologic agent shown to induce the synthesis of the insulin proreceptor. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 3517554-4 1986 Most plasma amino acid concentrations were increased after hydrocortisone; however, the insulin-induced decrease of branched chain amino acids, serine, threonine, and tyrosine was unimpaired after hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 59-73 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 3517554-5 1986 Plasma C-peptide concentrations were less suppressed during hyperinsulinemia after hydrocortisone than after placebo (by 0.15 +/- 0.03 v 0.25 +/- 0.02 nmol/L, P less than 0.01), suggesting diminished insulin-induced suppression of insulin secretion. Hydrocortisone 83-97 insulin Homo sapiens 7-16 3517554-6 1986 The glucose infusion rates required to maintain euglycemia were 35% lower (P less than 0.01) after hydrocortisone due to decreased insulin effects on metabolic clearance rate of glucose and diminished suppression of hepatic glucose production (0.4 +/- 0.1 v -0.1 +/- 0.1 mg/kg X minute, p less than 0.05, 3-3H-glucose infusion method). Hydrocortisone 99-113 insulin Homo sapiens 131-138 2876589-0 1986 The role of glucagon, catecholamines and cortisol in counterregulation of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal man. Hydrocortisone 41-49 insulin Homo sapiens 74-81 2876589-4 1986 Insulin decreased blood glucose by 1.5 mmol/l and simultaneous suppression of glucagon resulted in a more pronounced hypoglycemia enhancing the adrenaline and cortisol responses. Hydrocortisone 159-167 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 3893986-1 1985 Physiological doses of insulin were shown by us to suppress basal and hydrocortisone (HCT)-induced GH secretion and GH mRNA levels in GH3 rat pituitary cells. Hydrocortisone 70-84 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 3888787-3 1985 Hydrocortisone amplification of insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis in early and late passage cells expressed no age-related differences. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 32-39 3888787-5 1985 Additionally, hydrocortisone amplified insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis in young donor cell cultures was observed to be higher than in old donor cell cultures. Hydrocortisone 14-28 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 3888787-6 1985 Specific 125I-insulin binding was increased by hydrocortisone in both early and late passage cultures and in cultures from young and old donors but no age-related differences in 125I-insulin binding were observed in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 47-61 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 3888787-7 1985 The data suggest that an age-related loss of an insulin postreceptor interaction during hydrocortisone amplification of insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis is being expressed in the cultures from old donors. Hydrocortisone 88-102 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 3888787-7 1985 The data suggest that an age-related loss of an insulin postreceptor interaction during hydrocortisone amplification of insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis is being expressed in the cultures from old donors. Hydrocortisone 88-102 insulin Homo sapiens 120-127 6398261-2 1984 When the insulin dose delivered is adjusted to achieve a near match of the peripheral plasma glucose profile, the 24 h profiles of free fatty acids, glycerol, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate and the hormones, insulin, glucagon, cortisol and catecholamines were identical. Hydrocortisone 229-237 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 3931063-4 1985 Further, the response to insulin induced hypoglycemia is blunted in SCI with high lesions, and their basal levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol are significantly lower than those of controls. Hydrocortisone 150-158 insulin Homo sapiens 25-32 6348064-1 1983 It is well established that cortisol excess causes insulin resistance in man, but the mechanisms responsible for this insulin resistance are poorly understood. Hydrocortisone 28-36 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 6088218-7 1984 Increasing rates of insulin infusion disclosed significant relationships between resulting plasma glucose and cortisol concentrations. Hydrocortisone 110-118 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 6350810-1 1983 We examined the response of plasma glucose concentration and glucose counterregulatory factors (eg, glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol, and norepinephrine) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in four patients with Shy-Drager syndrome and in five control subjects to determine if glucose counterregulation occurred in the patients with sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system defects. Hydrocortisone 139-147 insulin Homo sapiens 172-179 6357090-2 1983 In serum-free cultures hydrocortisone (5 X 10(-6) M) will enhance insulin stimulation of sugar transport and DNA synthesis (as measured by thymidine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material). Hydrocortisone 23-37 insulin Homo sapiens 66-73 6357090-5 1983 Further, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone (both at 5 X 10(-6) M) exhibited potentiating effects on insulin-stimulated sugar transport. Hydrocortisone 9-23 insulin Homo sapiens 99-106 6357090-7 1983 Hydrocortisone also enhanced specific [125I]insulin binding in these cells. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 44-51 6348064-1 1983 It is well established that cortisol excess causes insulin resistance in man, but the mechanisms responsible for this insulin resistance are poorly understood. Hydrocortisone 28-36 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 6881896-3 1983 The highest mean urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio (UCCR) was found in subjects after an insulin tolerance test (ITT). Hydrocortisone 25-33 insulin Homo sapiens 89-96 6353037-0 1983 [Dynamics of the level of insulin in blood in response to hydrocortisone loading in myocardial infarction]. Hydrocortisone 58-72 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 6353037-5 1983 The state of and associations between the two hormonal systems throughout acute myocardial infarction are discussed on the basis of changes in insulin and glucose levels under hydrocortisone load. Hydrocortisone 176-190 insulin Homo sapiens 143-150 6338670-2 1983 Studies on erythrocyte insulin receptors were performed in a boy with type I diabetes mellitus and superimposed adrenocortical insufficiency before and during treatment with hydrocortisone and 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 174-188 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 6683255-0 1983 Hydrocortisone production in lepromatous patients with insulin load. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 6338670-4 1983 The maximum specific insulin binding of the erythrocytes was low during threatening addisonian crisis (6.9%) but normalized during hydrocortisone treatment (12.0%). Hydrocortisone 131-145 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 6749880-3 1982 Although both hydrocortisone and dexamethasone caused significant reduction in insulin binding compared to that during the pretreatment period (11.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.5% (P less than 0.01) and 11.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.5% (P less than 0.05), respectively), prednisone ingestion did not significantly alter insulin binding (10.6 +/- 0.6 before vs. 9.4 +/- 0.5% after). Hydrocortisone 14-28 insulin Homo sapiens 79-86 6762264-2 1982 During insulin tolerance tests the percentage incremental changes in cortisol concentrations in saliva were strictly comparable with those in plasma and showed less inter-subject variance. Hydrocortisone 69-77 insulin Homo sapiens 7-14 6749880-3 1982 Although both hydrocortisone and dexamethasone caused significant reduction in insulin binding compared to that during the pretreatment period (11.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.5% (P less than 0.01) and 11.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.5% (P less than 0.05), respectively), prednisone ingestion did not significantly alter insulin binding (10.6 +/- 0.6 before vs. 9.4 +/- 0.5% after). Hydrocortisone 14-28 insulin Homo sapiens 311-318 6749880-6 1982 We conclude that although hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, and prednisone all cause deterioration of glucose tolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity, only hydrocortisone and dexamethasone exhibit significant decreases in insulin binding to erythrocytes. Hydrocortisone 26-40 insulin Homo sapiens 131-138 6294170-4 1982 After one year treatment and five days withdrawal of cortisol administration, the insulin-induced hypoglycemia still failed to elicit secretory responses of ACTH and cortisol, despite the normalization of thyroid hormone levels. Hydrocortisone 53-61 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 6281642-0 1982 Discordant cortisol response to exogenous ACTH and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with pituitary disease. Hydrocortisone 11-19 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 6751731-0 1981 Urine cortisol/creatinine ratio in controlled insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Hydrocortisone 6-14 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 6765158-0 1982 Expression of the insulin gene: regulation by glucose, hydrocortisone and growth hormone in mouse pancreatic islets in organ culture. Hydrocortisone 55-69 insulin Homo sapiens 18-25 6765158-6 1982 Initial experiments with hydrocortisone and human growth hormone, both known to enhance insulin release from islets in organ culture, showed that the level of preproinsulin mRNA was increased in islets cultured in the presence of these hormones. Hydrocortisone 25-39 insulin Homo sapiens 159-172 6751731-2 1981 The present study examines the time course of the rise and fall of the urine cortisol/creatinine ratio in 11 patients following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Hydrocortisone 77-85 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 7014590-2 1981 When cultured human lymphocytes were exposed to 10(-5) M hydrocortisone for 18 h at 37 C, insulin binding increased due to an increase in the number of receptors per cell. Hydrocortisone 57-71 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 7286498-7 1981 Whereas it may well be that over-insulinization of the patients by the glucose controlled insulin infusion system has overcome and disguised the smaller diabetogenic effects of cortisol and glucagon. Hydrocortisone 177-185 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 670024-8 1978 Low cortisol levels 24 h after exercise might result in increased insulin effect leading to low plasma insulin levels seen in physically trained subjects. Hydrocortisone 4-12 insulin Homo sapiens 66-73 449690-5 1979 Physiologic concentrations of hydrocortisone mainly exert an insulin antagonistic effect. Hydrocortisone 30-44 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 449690-9 1979 Hydrocortisone decreased the number of insulin receptors. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 670024-8 1978 Low cortisol levels 24 h after exercise might result in increased insulin effect leading to low plasma insulin levels seen in physically trained subjects. Hydrocortisone 4-12 insulin Homo sapiens 103-110 885287-0 1977 Hydrocortisone enhancement of insulin"s action on macromolecular synthesis in MCF-7 cells. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 30-37 885287-2 1977 In addition, hydrocortisone appeared to augment the effect of insulin, by further increasing the rate of [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Hydrocortisone 13-27 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 885287-4 1977 Hydrocortisone was shown to augment the insulin effect on total protein accumulation and total RNA accumulation in MCF-7 cells. Hydrocortisone 0-14 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 1176974-1 1975 Autistic children subjected to the stress of insulin-induced hypoglycemia showed slower recovery of blood glucose, and faster and intractable cortisol response in the 3 hours following the stress. Hydrocortisone 142-150 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 194380-5 1977 Insulin increased the activity of phosphofructokinase at the cleavage, blastula and early gastrula stages and hydrocortisone, estrone and thyroxine during certain periods of these stages. Hydrocortisone 110-124 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 176151-8 1976 Insulin addition (10 nM) stimulated [14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen at all stages of the culture when grown in the presence of cortisol; no glycogenic response to insulin was observed 6 hours after transplantation where cortisol was not previously introduced. Hydrocortisone 136-144 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 176151-14 1976 On the contrary, the onset of the insulin-dependent regulatory pathway seems to be induced during culture, and it is likely that this is caused by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 147-155 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 319326-12 1977 Urinary cortisol output was found to decrease after training in the obese; this might be interpreted as a decrease in cortisol secretion allowing a more effective insulin action on the periphery. Hydrocortisone 8-16 insulin Homo sapiens 163-170 319326-12 1977 Urinary cortisol output was found to decrease after training in the obese; this might be interpreted as a decrease in cortisol secretion allowing a more effective insulin action on the periphery. Hydrocortisone 118-126 insulin Homo sapiens 163-170 4819287-0 1974 Insulin secretion in Addison"s disease: effect of hydrocortisone treatment. Hydrocortisone 50-64 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 1130186-8 1975 Deficient serum cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was demonstrated in 7 patients and 6 of these had concomitant minimal growth hormone response. Hydrocortisone 16-24 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 5237884-0 1967 Dependence on insulin of the apparent hydrocortisone activation of hepatic glycogen synthetase. Hydrocortisone 38-52 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 4351776-0 1973 Effect of hydrocortisone and corticotropin on glucose-induced insulin and proinsulin secretion in man. Hydrocortisone 10-24 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 4351776-0 1973 Effect of hydrocortisone and corticotropin on glucose-induced insulin and proinsulin secretion in man. Hydrocortisone 10-24 insulin Homo sapiens 74-84 11947129-0 1969 Dependence on insulin of the hydrocortisone effect on muscle glycogen content. Hydrocortisone 29-43 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 4340667-0 1972 Insulin secretion in children with adrenogenital syndrome treated with low doses of oral hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 89-103 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 6038371-0 1967 Insulin allergy treated by low-dosage hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 38-52 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 5328767-2 1966 The corticosteroids cortisol, cortisone and corticosterone were tested for their ability to affect the hydrolysis of serum albumin, insulin and oxyhaemoglobin incubated with trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain and pepsin. Hydrocortisone 20-28 insulin Homo sapiens 132-139 32959333-0 2021 Revisiting peak serum cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in children. Hydrocortisone 22-30 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 14417253-0 1959 The effect of insulin on blood sugar, electrolytes and plasma hydrocortisone in mental patients. Hydrocortisone 62-76 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 33924229-12 2021 CONCLUSIONS: The study highlighted the importance of early markers of cardiovascular risk in obese pediatric patients represented by IL-6, ICAM, endotoxemia and their correlation with metabolic markers of insulin resistance represented by insulinemia, HOMA index and plasma cortisol. Hydrocortisone 274-282 insulin Homo sapiens 205-212 34043794-12 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Fixing cortisol-testosterone exposure mitigates the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia, from sustained SR in men. Hydrocortisone 20-28 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 34043794-0 2021 Clamping Cortisol and Testosterone Mitigates the Development of Insulin Resistance during Sleep Restriction in Men. Hydrocortisone 9-17 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 34043794-10 2021 Clamping cortisol and testosterone alleviated the development of overall insulin resistance (p=0.046) and hyperinsulinemia (p=0.014) by 50%. Hydrocortisone 9-17 insulin Homo sapiens 73-80 33995272-2 2021 Cortisol and growth hormone are potent insulin-antagonistic hormones. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 33227660-3 2020 Insulin-induced hypoglycemia elicited a significant dynamic response of IL-6, adrenaline, noradrenaline, GH, prolactin, ACTH and serum and salivary cortisol (P < 0.001 for all variables). Hydrocortisone 148-156 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 33374094-2 2021 The pattern of basal insulin requirements depends on the timing and magnitude of cortisol and growth hormone secretion within each age group. Hydrocortisone 81-89 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 33270115-0 2021 Effects of Obesity And Insulin on Tissue-Specific Recycling Between Cortisol And Cortisone in Men. Hydrocortisone 68-76 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 33270115-15 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Regeneration of cortisol is up-regulated by insulin in adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle. Hydrocortisone 29-37 insulin Homo sapiens 57-64 29225114-10 2018 Furthermore, fructose in the brain, either from fructose uptake via the blood brain barrier or endogenous formation from glucose via the polyol pathway stimulates an increased release of cortisol causing hepatic gluconeogenesis leading to overall insulin resistance and further body fattening. Hydrocortisone 187-195 insulin Homo sapiens 247-254 32877776-1 2020 Here we describe the development of a dual electrochemical immunosensor microchip for simultaneous detection of insulin (I) and cortisol (C) biomarkers that can enhance the ability to improve glucose regulation using automated insulin delivery. Hydrocortisone 128-136 insulin Homo sapiens 227-234 33023555-1 2020 BACKGROUND: A number of studies have explored the association between depression and ghrelin, leptin, and cortisol; further, postprandial C-peptide levels have a therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hydrocortisone 106-114 insulin Homo sapiens 138-147 32133575-2 2020 Prolonged excess cortisol leads to visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, memory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and more severe Alzheimer"s disease phenotypes. Hydrocortisone 17-25 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 32426738-14 2020 Insulin requirement (particularly in those with diabetes mellitus), blood glucose in those with diabetes mellitus, and frequency of secondary infections seemed to be lower in the low-dose hydrocortisone cohort. Hydrocortisone 188-202 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 33535224-8 2020 In VLBW children, over the first 2 years of life both cortisol and cortisone are higher in the early-insulin group compared to the standard care group. Hydrocortisone 54-62 insulin Homo sapiens 101-108 33535224-10 2020 In VLBW infants, early insulin treatment could affect programming of the HPA axis, resulting in higher cortisol and cortisone levels during early childhood. Hydrocortisone 103-111 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 30617901-5 2019 Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current information on the relationship between cortisol, zinc, and insulin resistance in obesity. Hydrocortisone 112-120 insulin Homo sapiens 132-139 31802038-7 2019 Patients with cortisol-secreting AI have significantly higher concentrations of cholesterol (p=0.040), triglycerides (p=0.027) and insulin (p<0.01) than controls. Hydrocortisone 14-22 insulin Homo sapiens 131-138 31802038-9 2019 There was significant positive correlation between cortisol concentration after DEX screening and total cholesterol (r=0.727, p=0.007), triglycerides (r=0.564, p=0.041) and insulin (r=0.957, p=0.043) in the group with metabolic disorders. Hydrocortisone 51-59 insulin Homo sapiens 173-180 29618067-8 2018 In addition, cortisol attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in EECs, which was mediated by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter type 4 translocation via induction of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Hydrocortisone 13-21 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 29618067-10 2018 The excessive cortisol level, derived from the reduction of 11beta-HSD2, might contribute to the development of endometrial IR by inhibiting the insulin signaling pathway via induction of PTEN expression in EECs. Hydrocortisone 14-22 insulin Homo sapiens 145-152 31664610-3 2020 The inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 has been shown to attenuate the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and other diseases mediated by excessive cortisol production. Hydrocortisone 183-191 insulin Homo sapiens 103-110 31863690-9 2020 Diversely, lower IGF-I-SDS quartiles were associated with higher blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and reduced insulin sensitivity levels with the rise of cortisol quartiles. Hydrocortisone 164-172 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 30694322-12 2019 Hyperglycemia requiring insulin therapy was the only adverse effect reported more often in the hydrocortisone group (18.2%) than in the placebo group (7.9%). Hydrocortisone 95-109 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 29368442-0 2018 Improved insulin sensitivity and secretion in prediabetic patients with adrenal insufficiency on dual-release hydrocortisone treatment: a 36-month retrospective analysis. Hydrocortisone 110-124 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 28904371-4 2017 The highest dose of hydrocortisone increased plasma BCAs in both insulin groups but increased free fatty acids only in the high insulin group, however hydrocortisone did not affect the levels of acyl carnitines in either group. Hydrocortisone 20-34 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 29223281-5 2017 Higher nocturnal cortisol exposure is observed in patients with Cushing"s syndrome and adrenal incidentalomas with autonomous cortisol secretion and is associated with insulin resistance, and increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. Hydrocortisone 17-25 insulin Homo sapiens 168-175 28242873-12 2017 Intranasal insulin also increased circulating cortisol levels (F=12.78, P<=0.001). Hydrocortisone 46-54 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 28904371-5 2017 The clearest interaction between HC and insulin was that hydrocortisone produced an elevation in levels of BCAs and their metabolites which were lowered by insulin. Hydrocortisone 57-71 insulin Homo sapiens 156-163 28904371-4 2017 The highest dose of hydrocortisone increased plasma BCAs in both insulin groups but increased free fatty acids only in the high insulin group, however hydrocortisone did not affect the levels of acyl carnitines in either group. Hydrocortisone 20-34 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 28904371-5 2017 The clearest interaction between HC and insulin was that hydrocortisone produced an elevation in levels of BCAs and their metabolites which were lowered by insulin. Hydrocortisone 57-71 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 29264549-10 2017 Individual patient factors, such as fatty liver disease and insulin resistance, can have a clinically important effect on cortisol metabolism. Hydrocortisone 122-130 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 28748191-2 2017 Methods: We describe the case of a 36-year-old female patient with T1D and Addison"s disease (Schmidt"s syndrome) on multiple daily insulin injections who presented with recurrent hypoglycemia despite being on physiological replacement doses of hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 245-259 insulin Homo sapiens 132-139 28177189-13 2017 CONCLUSIONS: The acute lipolytic effects of cortisol require supraphysiological concentrations, are dependent on insulin and adrenaline and are observed only in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Hydrocortisone 44-52 insulin Homo sapiens 113-120 27861636-5 2016 Association between serum cortisol levels and insulin resistance/secretion assessed by homeostasis model assessment using fasting blood glucose and insulin levels (HOMA-R and HOMA-ss, respectively) were examined. Hydrocortisone 26-34 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 28385552-0 2017 Intranasal insulin decreases circulating cortisol concentrations during early sleep in elderly humans. Hydrocortisone 41-49 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 28385552-6 2017 Insulin administration reduced cortisol levels between 2300 hours and 0020 hours in the elderly (p = 0.03) but not young participants (p = 0.56; p = 0.003 for interaction). Hydrocortisone 31-39 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 27861636-5 2016 Association between serum cortisol levels and insulin resistance/secretion assessed by homeostasis model assessment using fasting blood glucose and insulin levels (HOMA-R and HOMA-ss, respectively) were examined. Hydrocortisone 26-34 insulin Homo sapiens 148-155 26934392-0 2016 Local Regeneration of Cortisol by 11beta-HSD1 Contributes to Insulin Resistance of the Granulosa Cells in PCOS. Hydrocortisone 22-30 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 27465830-8 2016 In contrast, hydrocortisone-induced insulin resistance increased islet number (p < 0.01) and beta-cell mass (p < 0.001). Hydrocortisone 13-27 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 26934392-8 2016 In cultured granulosa cells, insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation was significantly attenuated by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 97-105 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 26525053-0 2015 Associations between bolus infusion of hydrocortisone, glycemic variability and insulin infusion rate variability in critically Ill patients under moderate glycemic control. Hydrocortisone 39-53 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 26525053-1 2015 BACKGROUND: We retrospectively studied associations between bolus infusion of hydrocortisone and variability of the blood glucose level and changes in insulin rates in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Hydrocortisone 78-92 insulin Homo sapiens 151-158 26525053-6 2015 Compared to patients who never received bolus infusion of hydrocortisone, patients who received hydrocortisone had their blood glucose level measured more frequently, had higher glycemic variability; were more frequently treated with intravenous insulin and had higher insulin infusion rate variability. Hydrocortisone 96-110 insulin Homo sapiens 246-253 26525053-6 2015 Compared to patients who never received bolus infusion of hydrocortisone, patients who received hydrocortisone had their blood glucose level measured more frequently, had higher glycemic variability; were more frequently treated with intravenous insulin and had higher insulin infusion rate variability. Hydrocortisone 96-110 insulin Homo sapiens 269-276 26525053-8 2015 The association between hydrocortisone and insulin infusion rate variability was also independent of disease severity, and independent of glycemic variability. Hydrocortisone 24-38 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 26525053-9 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Bolus infusion of hydrocortisone is independently associated with higher glycemic variability and higher insulin infusion rate variability in ICU patients. Hydrocortisone 31-45 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 26525053-10 2015 Studies are needed to see if continuous infusion of hydrocortisone prevents higher glycemic variability and higher insulin infusion rate variability. Hydrocortisone 52-66 insulin Homo sapiens 115-122 26426644-13 2015 The peak serum cortisol level could increase to 19.08 mug/dL by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Hydrocortisone 15-23 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 26356041-1 2015 Hypercortisolism is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes mellitus (DM); however, to our knowledge prior studies have not examined the association of diurnal cortisol curve features with measures of glycemia or IR in a population-based setting. Hydrocortisone 5-13 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 26680485-0 2015 Response of cortisol metabolites in the insulin tolerance test and Synacthen tests. Hydrocortisone 12-20 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 26371232-0 2015 Increased maternal nighttime cortisol concentrations in late gestation alter glucose and insulin in the neonatal lamb. Hydrocortisone 29-37 insulin Homo sapiens 89-96 26371232-10 2015 These results suggest that excess maternal cortisol concentrations in late gestation alter growth, glucose and insulin regulation, and organ maturation in the neonate. Hydrocortisone 43-51 insulin Homo sapiens 111-118 25851902-10 2015 We conclude that modification of the functional groups attached to the D-ring of the hydrocortisone steroid molecule produces compounds with altered structure-function GR agonist activity with decreased impact on insulin secretion and reduced adipogenic potential but with preservation of anti-inflammatory activity. Hydrocortisone 85-99 insulin Homo sapiens 213-220 25658017-16 2015 Elevated cortisol and metanephrine levels may contribute to insulin resistance by increasing lipolysis and NEFA levels. Hydrocortisone 9-17 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 23389468-1 2014 Excess cortisol and GH induce insulin resistance, a central feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hydrocortisone 7-15 insulin Homo sapiens 30-37 25013996-2 2014 HYPOTHESIS: Effects of LGH therapy on insulin sensitivity are mediated through changes in cortisol metabolism and ectopic fat accumulation. Hydrocortisone 90-98 insulin Homo sapiens 38-45 24740545-9 2014 Statistically significant correlation was determined between cortisol levels after 1 mg DST and age, daily insulin dose (r = 0.266 and p < 0.001, r = 0.163 and p = 0.008, respectively). Hydrocortisone 61-69 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 23389468-2 2014 To study whether the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone affects basal cortisol levels and the GH-IGF-I axis in patients with T2D. Hydrocortisone 67-75 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 24092834-11 2014 The increase in cortisol production by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 was in proportion to the increase in insulin. Hydrocortisone 16-24 insulin Homo sapiens 119-126 24122936-2 2014 To delineate the molecular mechanism by which active cortisol has an antagonizing effect against insulin, we optimized the metabolic production of cortisol and its biological functions in myotubes (C2C12). Hydrocortisone 53-61 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 24122936-3 2014 Myotubes supplemented with cortisone actively catalysed its conversion into cortisol, which in turn abolished phosphorylation of Akt in response to insulin treatment. Hydrocortisone 76-84 insulin Homo sapiens 148-155 25175130-4 2014 Following the administration of hydrocortisone replacement therapy, his insulin requirement increased to a premorbid level, and the severe hypoglycemia resolved. Hydrocortisone 32-46 insulin Homo sapiens 72-79 23297873-8 2014 Cortisol concentrations were inversely associated with current body mass index (P = 0 02), and positively associated with glucose (fasting: P < 0 001; 30-min: P = 0 002) concentrations, and systolic blood pressure (P = 0 005), but not insulin resistance or the insulin increment. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 238-245 23297873-8 2014 Cortisol concentrations were inversely associated with current body mass index (P = 0 02), and positively associated with glucose (fasting: P < 0 001; 30-min: P = 0 002) concentrations, and systolic blood pressure (P = 0 005), but not insulin resistance or the insulin increment. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 264-271 23426618-8 2013 RESULTS: Hydrocortisone induced systemic insulin resistance but failed to cause sc adipose tissue insulin resistance as measured by suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis and enhanced insulin-stimulated pyruvate generation. Hydrocortisone 9-23 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 24895496-12 2014 In PCOS women, salivary cortisol levels showed negative correlation with BMI (r = -0.52; P = 0.001) and insulin (r = -0.47; P = 0.003) and positive correlation with LH (r = 0.40; P = 0.016). Hydrocortisone 24-32 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 24899891-1 2014 Hyperglycemia (HG) and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of a profoundly altered metabolism in critical illness resulting from the release of cortisol, catecholamines, and cytokines, as well as glucagon and growth hormone. Hydrocortisone 145-153 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 22226248-3 2011 In order to assess whether the algorithm could appropriately adapt and limit the degree of hyperglycemia, we administered oral hydrocortisone repeatedly to create insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 127-141 insulin Homo sapiens 163-170 23425018-6 2013 RESULTS: ACTH and cortisol levels were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose and insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 18-26 insulin Homo sapiens 140-147 22265870-0 2012 Preliminary evidence for obesity and elevations in fasting insulin mediating associations between cortisol awakening response and hippocampal volumes and frontal atrophy. Hydrocortisone 98-106 insulin Homo sapiens 59-66 23577182-3 2013 Cortisol excess is known to cause insulin resistance, an independent cardiovascular risk marker, however in patients with adrenal incidentalomas it is unknown whether their insulin resistance is secondary to the excess cortisol and therefore potentially reversible. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 22283617-7 2012 Higher levels of cortisol correlated with increased insulin resistance after the jump. Hydrocortisone 17-25 insulin Homo sapiens 52-59 23316348-5 2012 Clinical-overt and experimental cortisol excess is associated with profound metabolic disturbances of intermediate metabolism resulting in abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and low HDL-cholesterol levels, which can lead to diabetes. Hydrocortisone 32-40 insulin Homo sapiens 158-165 22226248-5 2011 Each subject with type 1 diabetes (n = 14) was studied on two occasions, each for 33 h. The APD algorithm consistently identified a fall in insulin sensitivity after hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 166-180 insulin Homo sapiens 140-147 21883119-10 2011 In univariate analyses, there was a trend toward higher cortisol levels (odds ratio = 1.003 (95% confidence interval = 1.001-1.004, P = .004), but this association was not statistically significant after multivariable analysis and may reflect an association between high cortisol and preexisting cognitive and functional impairment, and there was no association with insulin or glucose levels. Hydrocortisone 56-64 insulin Homo sapiens 367-374 21905812-8 2011 In addition to specific behaviours, dysregulation of the stress system through increased secretion of cortisol and catecholamines, especially in the evening hours, and in concert with concurrently elevated insulin concentrations, leads to development of central obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Hydrocortisone 102-110 insulin Homo sapiens 271-278 20801543-6 2011 A 31% reduction in whole-cohort median insulin sensitivity was seen between the control cohort and patients receiving glucocorticoids with a median dose equivalent to 200mg/d of hydrocortisone per patient. Hydrocortisone 178-192 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 21037488-14 2011 Increased cortisol level is associated with known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as insulin resistance and decreased HDL-cholesterol level. Hydrocortisone 10-18 insulin Homo sapiens 99-106 20801543-9 2011 This reduced suppression of insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients could be a result of saturation due to already increased levels of catecholamines and cortisol common in critically illness. Hydrocortisone 161-169 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 21510838-2 2011 Excess cortisol or 11beta-HSD1 leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Hydrocortisone 7-15 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 21175444-0 2010 Cortisol response to individualised graded insulin infusions: a reproducible biomarker for CNS compounds inhibiting HPA activation. Hydrocortisone 0-8 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 21042000-4 2011 RESULTS: Baseline cortisol responses to the insulin tolerance test were subnormal in 10 of the 25 patients (6 had blunted responses and 4 had inadequate responses). Hydrocortisone 18-26 insulin Homo sapiens 44-51 20660036-6 2010 CONCLUSIONS: Cortisol contributes to the reduction in insulin sensitivity at an early age in Latino children and adolescents. Hydrocortisone 13-21 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 21067203-0 2011 Side effect reduction of encapsulated hydrocortisone crystals by insulin/alginate shells. Hydrocortisone 38-52 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 21067203-2 2011 Insulin and ALG are deposited alternately onto hydrocortisone (HC) crystals to form a core-shell structure. Hydrocortisone 47-61 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 21067203-2 2011 Insulin and ALG are deposited alternately onto hydrocortisone (HC) crystals to form a core-shell structure. Hydrocortisone 63-65 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 21635815-0 2011 Loss of the pregnancy-induced rise in cortisol concentrations in the ewe impairs the fetal insulin-like growth factor axis. Hydrocortisone 38-46 insulin Homo sapiens 91-98 21635815-3 2011 The hypothesis examined was that alterations in maternal plasma cortisol concentrations are associated with changes in the fetal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. Hydrocortisone 64-72 insulin Homo sapiens 129-136 20103758-3 2010 OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of intensive insulin therapy in patients whose septic shock was treated with hydrocortisone and to assess, as a secondary objective, the benefit of fludrocortisone. Hydrocortisone 110-124 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 19342030-10 2010 CONCLUSION(S): Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with lower morning cortisol and DHEAS but increased cortisol and DHEA responses after glucose ingestion. Hydrocortisone 80-88 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 19342030-10 2010 CONCLUSION(S): Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with lower morning cortisol and DHEAS but increased cortisol and DHEA responses after glucose ingestion. Hydrocortisone 113-121 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 17451426-1 2008 The healthy beta-cell has an enormous capacity to adapt to conditions of higher insulin demand (e.g. in obesity, pregnancy, cortisol excess) to maintain normoglycaemia with an increase in its functional beta-cell mass. Hydrocortisone 124-132 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 18597116-8 2009 Neonates from the lowest quartile of the insulin/cortisol ratio presented higher (p < 0.001) HOMA-S and QUICKI and lower (p < 0.01) HOMA-R values. Hydrocortisone 49-57 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 18597116-10 2009 The insulin/cortisol ratio at birth appears to be a good early indicator of insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 12-20 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 18597116-10 2009 The insulin/cortisol ratio at birth appears to be a good early indicator of insulin resistance. Hydrocortisone 12-20 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 19369798-1 2009 Chronic stress results in elevated cortisol levels, which is associated with known physiological abnormalities such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and higher incidence of cardiovascular events. Hydrocortisone 35-43 insulin Homo sapiens 133-140 19849800-5 2009 Habitually short sleep durations could lead to insulin resistance by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, raising evening cortisol levels and decreasing cerebral glucose utilization that over time could compromise beta-cell function and lead to diabetes. Hydrocortisone 133-141 insulin Homo sapiens 47-54 19050176-0 2009 Enhanced cortisol production rates, free cortisol, and 11beta-HSD-1 expression correlate with visceral fat and insulin resistance in men: effect of weight loss. Hydrocortisone 9-17 insulin Homo sapiens 111-118 19050176-1 2009 Controversy exists as to whether endogenous cortisol production is associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance in humans. Hydrocortisone 44-52 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 19087258-10 2008 CONCLUSIONS: Serum cortisol levels are the best predictor for inflammatory insulin resistance followed by IL6, leptin and adiponectin. Hydrocortisone 19-27 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82