PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 25815140-0 2015 Identification of 8-aminoadenosine derivatives as a new class of human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 inhibitors. 8-aminoadenosine 18-34 solute carrier family 28 member 2 Homo sapiens 71-109 25815140-6 2015 Here we describe significant findings about structural requirements of 8-aminoadenosine derivatives for exhibiting potent hCNT2 inhibitory activity. 8-aminoadenosine 71-87 solute carrier family 28 member 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 9296376-5 1997 Deletion of the non-conserved C-terminal region (11betaHSD2 deltaC) resulted in an enzyme with a Km of 215 nM for cortisol in whole cell assays, while 11betaHSD2 and 11betaHSD2 deltaN displayed a Km of 62 and 74 nM, respectively. Hydrocortisone 114-122 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 49-59 9247735-1 1997 The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme (11 beta HSD2) converts cortisol into cortisone, thus preventing occupation of the non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor by glucocorticoids in the kidney. Hydrocortisone 80-88 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-69 9029719-2 1997 Deficiency of the 11 beta-HSD2 isoform, as described in the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess and following liquorice (glycyrrhetinic acid) or carbenoxolone ingestion, results in hypertension in which cortisol acts as a potent mineralocorticoid. Hydrocortisone 213-221 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 18-30 8989277-2 1997 11 beta HSD1 interconverts biologically active cortisol and inactive cortisone, whereas 11 beta HSD2 only converts cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 115-123 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 96-100 9048640-12 1997 Furthermore, within these tissues, 11 beta HSD2, which had been considered to be a microsomal enzyme, is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that the interaction between the MR and aldosterone or cortisol is in part a nuclear event. Hydrocortisone 198-206 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 35-47 9029721-4 1997 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD2) catalyzes the rapid inactivation of cortisol and corticosterone to inert 11 keto-products. Hydrocortisone 95-103 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-7 9029721-4 1997 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD2) catalyzes the rapid inactivation of cortisol and corticosterone to inert 11 keto-products. Hydrocortisone 95-103 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 45-57 8793850-1 1996 The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme (11 beta HSD2) converts cortisol into mineralocorticoid receptor inactive cortisone, thus preventing occupation of the non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor by glucocorticoids in the kidney. Hydrocortisone 80-88 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-69 9120678-1 1996 CONVERSION OF CORTISOL TO CORTISONE: 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) is a microsomal enzyme complex which, in humans, catalyses the interconversion between biologically active cortisol and inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 14-22 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 37-44 9120678-1 1996 CONVERSION OF CORTISOL TO CORTISONE: 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) is a microsomal enzyme complex which, in humans, catalyses the interconversion between biologically active cortisol and inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 14-22 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 75-82 9120678-1 1996 CONVERSION OF CORTISOL TO CORTISONE: 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) is a microsomal enzyme complex which, in humans, catalyses the interconversion between biologically active cortisol and inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 195-203 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 37-44 9120678-1 1996 CONVERSION OF CORTISOL TO CORTISONE: 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) is a microsomal enzyme complex which, in humans, catalyses the interconversion between biologically active cortisol and inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 195-203 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 75-82 8977758-1 1996 OBJECTIVE: Two isoforms of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) catalyse the interconversion of cortisol to hormonally inactive cortisone; defects in the 11 beta-HSD2 isoform result in hypertension. Hydrocortisone 110-118 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 27-34 8977758-1 1996 OBJECTIVE: Two isoforms of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) catalyse the interconversion of cortisol to hormonally inactive cortisone; defects in the 11 beta-HSD2 isoform result in hypertension. Hydrocortisone 110-118 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 65-72 8977758-1 1996 OBJECTIVE: Two isoforms of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) catalyse the interconversion of cortisol to hormonally inactive cortisone; defects in the 11 beta-HSD2 isoform result in hypertension. Hydrocortisone 110-118 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 168-180 8794836-1 1996 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD2) specifically modulates access of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone to the kidney mineralocorticoid type 1 receptors in a physiological environment in which there is a molar excess of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 242-250 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-57 8800581-2 1996 The enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11 beta HSD2) confers specificity on the non-specific mineralocorticoid receptor by converting cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 152-160 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 11-69 8782085-1 1996 The type 2 isoform of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD2), which catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to hormonally inactive cortisone in man, is principally expressed in the placenta and mineralocorticoid target tissues, kidney and colon. Hydrocortisone 109-117 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 22-29 8782085-1 1996 The type 2 isoform of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD2), which catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to hormonally inactive cortisone in man, is principally expressed in the placenta and mineralocorticoid target tissues, kidney and colon. Hydrocortisone 109-117 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 60-72 8793850-3 1996 In the present study we have examined the metabolism of cortisol in mammalian cells transfected with plasmids expressing the wild type and mutant enzymes from three additional families of patients with mutations in the HSD11B2 gene. Hydrocortisone 56-64 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 219-226 8611186-1 1996 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD2) efficiently inactivates potent glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol and corticosterone), leaving aldosterone unmetabolized. Hydrocortisone 115-123 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-57 8733000-1 1996 The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme (11 beta HSD2) converts cortisol to cortisone, allowing the non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor to bind aldosterone. Hydrocortisone 80-88 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-69 8967481-2 1996 The cloned 11 beta HSD2 displayed Michaelis constant values for corticosterone and cortisol of 5.1 and 61 nM, respectively. Hydrocortisone 83-91 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 11-23 8611140-1 1996 By inactivating potent glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol and corticosterone), 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD2) plays an important role in the placenta by controlling fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids, and in aldosterone target tissues by controlling ligand access to co-localized glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Hydrocortisone 48-56 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 78-135 33236103-9 2021 11beta-HSD2 activity measured by urinary free cortisone/free cortisol ratio was decreased with TID-HC versus controls (P < 0.01) but normalized with DR-HC (P = 0.358). Hydrocortisone 61-69 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 8538347-1 1996 BACKGROUND: 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) catalyses the interconversion of hormonally active cortisol to inactive cortisone and is vital for dictating specificity for the mineralocorticoid receptor. Hydrocortisone 114-122 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 12-19 8538347-1 1996 BACKGROUND: 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) catalyses the interconversion of hormonally active cortisol to inactive cortisone and is vital for dictating specificity for the mineralocorticoid receptor. Hydrocortisone 114-122 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 50-57 34888650-5 2022 Our results demonstrate that HSD11B2, which inactivates cortisol to cortisone, is downregulated during oral carcinogenesis in clinical and experimental models. Hydrocortisone 56-64 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 29-36 34743342-2 2021 The known eCGs effects in the skin include epidermal thinning, melanogenesis impairment, inflammation suppression and erythema reduction.1-2 Cortisol is the most important among eGCs and its availability depends on the pre-receptorial regulation of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (HSD) enzymes, i.e.: 11beta-HSD1 (converts cortisone to the active form, cortisol; 11beta-HSD2 (catalyses the opposite reaction). Hydrocortisone 141-149 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 372-383 34743342-2 2021 The known eCGs effects in the skin include epidermal thinning, melanogenesis impairment, inflammation suppression and erythema reduction.1-2 Cortisol is the most important among eGCs and its availability depends on the pre-receptorial regulation of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (HSD) enzymes, i.e.: 11beta-HSD1 (converts cortisone to the active form, cortisol; 11beta-HSD2 (catalyses the opposite reaction). Hydrocortisone 362-370 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 372-383 34604277-4 2021 Glycyrrhizin metabolites inhibit type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD2), which decomposes cortisol into inactive cortisone in the distal nephron, thereby inducing mineralocorticoid receptor activity. Hydrocortisone 107-115 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 77-87 33743501-2 2021 This study examined the pathway from antenatal mental health via placental 11beta-HSD2 mRNA to cortisol regulation in the infant offspring. Hydrocortisone 95-103 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 75-86 35263051-5 2022 In "apparent MC excess syndrome", peripheral conversion of cortisol to cortisone is impaired by lack of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, permitting free cortisol access to MC receptors resulting in severe hypertension. Hydrocortisone 59-67 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 104-146 35263051-5 2022 In "apparent MC excess syndrome", peripheral conversion of cortisol to cortisone is impaired by lack of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, permitting free cortisol access to MC receptors resulting in severe hypertension. Hydrocortisone 164-172 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 104-146 33621325-3 2021 Fetoplacental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) inactivates cortisol to cortisone, protecting the fetus from high glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone 83-91 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 14-56 33621325-3 2021 Fetoplacental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) inactivates cortisol to cortisone, protecting the fetus from high glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone 83-91 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 58-69 33743501-10 2021 Furthermore, the offspring of women taking an antidepressant and who also had a current depressive disorder and high trait anxiety had high cortisol reactivity at 12 months of age and this was mediated through 11beta-HSD2 mRNA expression. Hydrocortisone 140-148 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 210-221 33743501-12 2021 Our findings suggest that the relationship between maternal antenatal depression and anxiety and infant cortisol reactivity is mediated through placental 11beta-HSD2 mRNA expression. Hydrocortisone 104-112 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 154-165 32880710-3 2021 The action of cortisol on the human feto-placental unit is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2/HSD11B2) that converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 14-22 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 72-114 33429220-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Late life depression and perceived stress could influence disease pathways via reduced 11beta-HSD2 activity, particularly given suggestions that reduced 11beta-HSD2 activity, which is reflected in the cortisol-to-cortisone ratio, is a risk factor of disease. Hydrocortisone 213-221 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 99-110 33429220-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Late life depression and perceived stress could influence disease pathways via reduced 11beta-HSD2 activity, particularly given suggestions that reduced 11beta-HSD2 activity, which is reflected in the cortisol-to-cortisone ratio, is a risk factor of disease. Hydrocortisone 213-221 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 165-176 33429220-10 2021 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the cortisol-to-cortisone ratio in spot urine may be a useful marker for non-acute perceived stress in daily life against a possible background of reduced 11beta-HSD2 in older adults. Hydrocortisone 45-53 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 196-207 32880710-3 2021 The action of cortisol on the human feto-placental unit is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2/HSD11B2) that converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 14-22 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 116-127 32880710-3 2021 The action of cortisol on the human feto-placental unit is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2/HSD11B2) that converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 14-22 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 128-135 32880710-3 2021 The action of cortisol on the human feto-placental unit is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2/HSD11B2) that converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 151-159 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 72-114 32880710-3 2021 The action of cortisol on the human feto-placental unit is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2/HSD11B2) that converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 151-159 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 116-127 32880710-3 2021 The action of cortisol on the human feto-placental unit is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2/HSD11B2) that converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 151-159 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 128-135 32880710-11 2021 The mRNA expression of HSD11B2 correlated with indirect and direct cortisol turnover rates in C-section placentas only. Hydrocortisone 67-75 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 23-30 33360746-6 2021 RESULTS: Maternal HPA axis dysregulation during pregnancy is associated with lower placental HSD11B2 expression, which is associated with an exaggerated cortisol reactivity in infants. Hydrocortisone 153-161 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 93-100 32151296-3 2021 We hypothesized that OB pregnancies would show increased placental 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2) that converts maternal cortisol to fetal cortisone as it crosses the placenta and increased 11beta-HSD system components responsible for peripheral tissue cortisol production, providing a mechanism for ACTH-independent increase in circulating fetal cortisol. Hydrocortisone 274-282 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 106-117 32151296-3 2021 We hypothesized that OB pregnancies would show increased placental 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2) that converts maternal cortisol to fetal cortisone as it crosses the placenta and increased 11beta-HSD system components responsible for peripheral tissue cortisol production, providing a mechanism for ACTH-independent increase in circulating fetal cortisol. Hydrocortisone 274-282 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 106-117 32151296-3 2021 We hypothesized that OB pregnancies would show increased placental 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2) that converts maternal cortisol to fetal cortisone as it crosses the placenta and increased 11beta-HSD system components responsible for peripheral tissue cortisol production, providing a mechanism for ACTH-independent increase in circulating fetal cortisol. Hydrocortisone 142-150 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 106-117 33526798-3 2021 MRs are also expressed in a number of non-epithelial tissues including adipose tissue; in these tissues, glucocorticoids or cortisol can also activate MRs due to low levels of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (11-betaHSD2), the enzyme which inactivates cortisol. Hydrocortisone 124-132 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 176-219 33526798-3 2021 MRs are also expressed in a number of non-epithelial tissues including adipose tissue; in these tissues, glucocorticoids or cortisol can also activate MRs due to low levels of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (11-betaHSD2), the enzyme which inactivates cortisol. Hydrocortisone 124-132 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 221-232 33360746-9 2021 In this model, chronic stress may exhaust the protective mechanism of HSD11B2, leaving the infant vulnerable to high levels of maternal cortisol, which could injure the fetal HPA axis and disrupt long-term neurobehavioral and metabolic development. Hydrocortisone 136-144 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 70-77 31982514-8 2020 Together with available clinical observations, the presented data suggest that itraconazole primarily causes pseudohyperaldosteronism through cortisol-induced MR activation due to 11beta-HSD2 inhibition, and posaconazole by CYP11B1 inhibition and accumulation of the mineralocorticoids 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol because of feedback activation. Hydrocortisone 142-150 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 180-191 32978833-7 2020 In the cultured human trophoblast models, we found that cortisol only inhibited migration and invasion of the extravillous trophoblasts with 11beta-HSD2 knockdown, and promoted sFlt1 release in the cultured syncytiotrophoblasts with 11beta-HSD2 knockdown. Hydrocortisone 56-64 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 141-152 32978833-7 2020 In the cultured human trophoblast models, we found that cortisol only inhibited migration and invasion of the extravillous trophoblasts with 11beta-HSD2 knockdown, and promoted sFlt1 release in the cultured syncytiotrophoblasts with 11beta-HSD2 knockdown. Hydrocortisone 56-64 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 233-244 32436946-3 2020 Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to inhibit 11beta-HSD1 and more potently 11beta-HSD2, which could lead to reduced levels of cortisol and more extensively cortisone. Hydrocortisone 144-152 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 93-104 32436946-4 2020 AIM: To investigate a possible effect of early pregnancy PFAS exposure on late pregnancy activity of 11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2 assessed by cortisol and cortisone levels in diurnal urine and blood samples. Hydrocortisone 141-149 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 117-128 32752005-8 2020 Placental gene expression of the stress-modulating enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B2) was related to both hair cortisol levels (Rho = 0.54; p < 0.01) and the sex of the newborn in pregnancies perceived as stressful (Index, p < 0.05). Hydrocortisone 129-137 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 95-102 32057540-3 2020 We hypothesized that enzalutamide and apalutamide suppress 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11beta-HSD2), which normally converts cortisol to cortisone, leading to elevated cortisol concentrations, increased ratio of active to inactive glucocorticoids and possibly suboptimal response to immunotherapy. Hydrocortisone 136-144 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 98-109 32057540-3 2020 We hypothesized that enzalutamide and apalutamide suppress 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11beta-HSD2), which normally converts cortisol to cortisone, leading to elevated cortisol concentrations, increased ratio of active to inactive glucocorticoids and possibly suboptimal response to immunotherapy. Hydrocortisone 179-187 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 98-109 31608377-9 2020 For cortisol metabolism indices, the following heritability was observed: for the A-ring reductases (5alpha-and 5beta-reductases), broad-sense heritability increased with age (to >50%), while for the other indices (renal 11beta-HSD2, global 11beta-HSD, and CYP3A4), the contribution of genetic factors was highest (68%, 18%, and 67%, respectively) at age 12. Hydrocortisone 4-12 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 221-232 31813102-10 2020 Besides, a higher 11beta-HSD2 activity, favoring cortisol inactivation, is paralleled by an increased citrate excretion. Hydrocortisone 49-57 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 18-29 31915940-11 2020 Glycyrrhetic acid reduces the activity of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11ss-HSD2) isoenzyme, which leads to activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by cortisol in the distal convoluted tubule resulting in hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Hydrocortisone 175-183 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 46-88 31915940-11 2020 Glycyrrhetic acid reduces the activity of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11ss-HSD2) isoenzyme, which leads to activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by cortisol in the distal convoluted tubule resulting in hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Hydrocortisone 175-183 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 31225872-2 2019 We hypothesize that an impaired activity of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene), catalyzing cortisol (F) inactivation, may account for an inappropriate activation of a renal mineralocorticoid signaling pathway in these GC-resistant patients. Hydrocortisone 146-154 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 48-90 31225872-2 2019 We hypothesize that an impaired activity of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene), catalyzing cortisol (F) inactivation, may account for an inappropriate activation of a renal mineralocorticoid signaling pathway in these GC-resistant patients. Hydrocortisone 146-154 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 92-103 31225872-2 2019 We hypothesize that an impaired activity of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene), catalyzing cortisol (F) inactivation, may account for an inappropriate activation of a renal mineralocorticoid signaling pathway in these GC-resistant patients. Hydrocortisone 146-154 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 120-127 31626649-8 2019 The urinary cortisone to cortisol metabolite ratio decreased from 0.70 to 0.31 (p<0.001) after liquorice intake indicating significant inhibition of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Hydrocortisone 25-33 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 153-195 31615045-3 2019 Despite many reported health benefits, 3MGA and GA inhibit the 11-beta-hydrogenase type II enzyme (11beta-HSD2) oxidizing cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 122-130 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 66-110 30439989-4 2018 Combining the fetal and maternal cortisol to cortisone ratio into the adjusted fetal cortisol exposure (AFCE) represents the activity of the enzyme 11beta-HSD2 in the placenta. Hydrocortisone 33-41 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 148-159 31273032-10 2019 This is supported by the fact that 7k27OHC and 7beta27OHC are potent inhibitors of the 11beta-HSD1-dependent oxoreduction of cortisone and the 11beta-HSD2-dependent oxidation of cortisol, respectively. Hydrocortisone 178-186 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 143-154 30888125-1 2019 Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a rare inherited disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the 11beta-HSD2 gene resulting in a deficiency of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) enzyme catalyzing the conversion of cortisol to its inactive metabolite, cortisone. Hydrocortisone 249-257 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 106-117 30888125-1 2019 Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a rare inherited disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the 11beta-HSD2 gene resulting in a deficiency of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) enzyme catalyzing the conversion of cortisol to its inactive metabolite, cortisone. Hydrocortisone 249-257 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 156-211 30225585-1 2019 The fetus is shielded from the adverse effects of excessive maternal glucocorticoids by 11beta-HSD2, an enzyme which is expressed in the syncytial layer of the placental villi and is capable of converting biologically active cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 225-233 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 88-99 30213491-13 2018 Decreased 11beta-HSD2 levels in term born females may lead to an increased placental transfer of maternal cortisol and therefore result in a reduced head circumference and a higher risk for altered stress response in adulthood. Hydrocortisone 106-114 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 10-21 29611097-3 2018 We aim to answer the question if the functions of primary enzymes involved in cortisol metabolism: 11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2 and 5-reductases (both 5alpha- and 5beta) are altered in the course of hypertensive pregnancy. Hydrocortisone 78-86 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 115-126 29611097-8 2018 Increased function of renal 11beta-HSD2 in PE and GH was manifested by significantly lower urinary free cortisol to cortisone ratio (0.169 and 0.206 vs. 0.277 in controls; p < 0.005). Hydrocortisone 104-112 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 28-39 29942925-1 2018 Context: Derangement of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 (11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2), which regulate intracellular cortisol production, has been suggested in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hydrocortisone 139-147 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 96-107 29618067-10 2018 The excessive cortisol level, derived from the reduction of 11beta-HSD2, might contribute to the development of endometrial IR by inhibiting the insulin signaling pathway via induction of PTEN expression in EECs. Hydrocortisone 14-22 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 60-71 29235050-3 2018 We explored whether apparent 11beta-HSD2 activity, estimated using urinary cortisol-to-cortisone ratio, modulates the association between plasma copeptin, as AVP surrogate, and insulin resistance/MetS in the general adult population. Hydrocortisone 75-83 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 29-40 28797028-12 2017 Pharmacological manipulation of 11beta-HSD2 activity by 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and silencing by specific siRNAs modulated the bioavailability of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 154-162 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 32-43 29161409-3 2018 We hypothesized placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 2 (11beta-HSD2) would be the major rate-limiting step in maternal cortisol transfer to the fetus. Hydrocortisone 134-142 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 26-82 29100173-2 2018 Previous studies have suggested that these effects may be mediated in part via altered functioning of placental enzymes and receptors involved in the HPA-axis, including the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and HSD11B2, the enzyme which metabolises cortisol. Hydrocortisone 248-256 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 210-217 29078321-5 2017 11betaHSD2 is known to regulate glucocorticoid metabolism by converting active cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 79-87 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-10 29523277-1 2018 OBJECTIVE: The enzyme 11ss-dehydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11ss-HSD2) converts active cortisol (F) to inactive cortisone (E). Hydrocortisone 88-96 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 28938454-0 2017 11beta-HSD2 SUMOylation Modulates Cortisol-Induced Mineralocorticoid Receptor Nuclear Translocation Independently of Effects on Transactivation. Hydrocortisone 34-42 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 28938454-12 2017 Taken together, our data suggests that SUMOylation of 11beta-HSD2 at residue K266 modulates cortisol-mediated MR nuclear translocation independently of effects on transactivation. Hydrocortisone 92-100 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 54-65 28735224-1 2017 Cortisol and cortisone are two important glucocorticoids in human body, their interconversion is controlled by two isotypes of 11beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2). Hydrocortisone 0-8 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 181-192 28112069-2 2017 The human fetus is partially protected from elevated cortisol exposure by placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which oxidizes bioactive cortisol into bio-inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 53-61 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 84-140 27686600-2 2017 Placental dysfunction is also associated with the decreased activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2), which in normal pregnancy protects the fetus from the excess of maternal cortisol. Hydrocortisone 198-206 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 72-109 27686600-2 2017 Placental dysfunction is also associated with the decreased activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2), which in normal pregnancy protects the fetus from the excess of maternal cortisol. Hydrocortisone 198-206 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 111-122 28366868-2 2017 11beta-HSD2 is an NAD+-dependent oxidase which lowers cortisol by converting it to cortisone while 11beta-HSD1 mainly catalyzes the reduction which converts cortisone into cortisol. Hydrocortisone 54-62 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 28366868-2 2017 11beta-HSD2 is an NAD+-dependent oxidase which lowers cortisol by converting it to cortisone while 11beta-HSD1 mainly catalyzes the reduction which converts cortisone into cortisol. Hydrocortisone 172-180 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 28366868-3 2017 Selective inhibition of 11beta-HSD2 is generally detrimental to health because the accumulation of cortisol can cause metabolic symptoms such as apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME), fetal developmental defects and lower testosterone levels in males. Hydrocortisone 99-107 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 24-35 28180242-1 2017 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Decreased renal 11-beta dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) activity, as reflected by an increased urinary free cortisol to cortisone ratio (UFF/UFE), is associated with having hypertension (HTN). Hydrocortisone 137-145 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 36-83 28131847-10 2017 Inhibition of placental 11beta-HSD2 by these compounds, in addition to the known inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein efflux transport, might contribute to elevated local cortisol levels, thereby affecting fetal programming. Hydrocortisone 191-199 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 24-35 28112069-2 2017 The human fetus is partially protected from elevated cortisol exposure by placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which oxidizes bioactive cortisol into bio-inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 168-176 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 84-140 28321257-3 2017 Normally, this is prevented by the expression of an enzyme in the placenta called 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) which converts active cortisol to its inactive metabolite cortisone. Hydrocortisone 162-170 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 82-138 26892095-2 2017 The 11betaHSD2 enzyme confers mineralocorticoid receptor specificity for aldosterone by converting cortisol to its inactive metabolite, cortisone and inactivating the cortisol-mineralocorticoid receptor complex. Hydrocortisone 99-107 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-14 27646492-5 2016 One of the key regulators of fetal glucocorticoid exposure is the activity of placental "barrier" enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) which converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 177-185 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 105-147 27646492-5 2016 One of the key regulators of fetal glucocorticoid exposure is the activity of placental "barrier" enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) which converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 177-185 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 149-153 27763986-8 2016 HSD11B2 methylation moderated links between prenatal MDD and baseline cortisol (p = .02), with 1% methylation decreases associated with 9% increased baseline cortisol in infants of prenatal MDD mothers (ratio = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.01-1.16). Hydrocortisone 70-78 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-7 27431412-6 2016 The 11beta-HSD2 isoform, which catalyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent inactivation of cortisol/corticosterone to cortisone/11-DHC, is highly expressed in distal nephrons, the colon, sweat glands, and the placenta. Hydrocortisone 102-110 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-15 27004467-9 2016 It was reported that the lung distal epithelium of human fetuses also express 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which catalyzes cortisol inactivation into cortisone. Hydrocortisone 138-146 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 78-120 27697223-7 2016 In primary cultures, cortisol upregulated not only 11beta-HSD1 expression in decidual stromal cells but also 11beta-HSD2 expression in villous trophoblasts of early pregnancy. Hydrocortisone 21-29 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 109-120 25907225-1 2016 BACKGROUND: The impairment of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (11betaHSD2) results in an inefficient conversion of cortisol to cortisone, which triggers hypertension. Hydrocortisone 133-141 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 30-91 27088373-3 2016 Placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) shields the fetus from maternal cortisol by conversion to cortisone, a function that may be compromised by maternal stress. Hydrocortisone 100-108 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 10-66 27453427-2 2016 The placenta controls maternal cortisol transfer to the fetus by the activity of the type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD2), which converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 31-39 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 129-140 27453427-6 2016 This study shows the direct inhibitory action of lead on placental 11beta-HSD2 activity and suggests that this heavy metal reduces the efficiency of the placental protection against the adverse effects of high cortisol level during fetal development. Hydrocortisone 210-218 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 67-78 26449783-2 2015 In the parotid gland, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inactivates cortisol (F) to cortisone (E), a known source of interference in the more frequently used immunoassays. Hydrocortisone 77-85 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 22-64 25642592-2 2015 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) is a cortisol-inactivating enzyme that is highly expressed in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts to ensure normal fetal development in the presence of high levels of maternal cortisol in pregnancy. Hydrocortisone 62-70 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-55 26593902-2 2015 Placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD2) limits the amount of maternal cortisol transferred to the fetus. Hydrocortisone 90-98 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 47-58 26462907-3 2015 Placental production of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) inactivates cortisol before passage into the fetus. Hydrocortisone 93-101 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 24-79 24971590-3 2014 In other work, reduction in the activity of the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD-2), which inactivates cortisol, was identified in Holocaust survivors in comparison to age-matched, unexposed Jewish controls. Hydrocortisone 132-140 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 55-111 25287545-11 2015 There is some evidence in both rat models and in humans that prenatal stress can reduce placental 11beta-HSD2, the enzyme which metabolises cortisol to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 140-148 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 98-109 25173821-7 2014 Where 11beta-hydroxydehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2) that inactivates cortisol and corticosterone in aldosterone target cells of the kidney and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is not expressed, as in most neurons, MR are activated at basal glucocorticoid concentrations, GR at stress concentrations. Hydrocortisone 67-75 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 6-48 24810847-3 2014 OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the effect of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on expression of 11beta-HSD1, 11beta-HSD2, steroidogenic enzymes (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 [CYP11B1] and cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 [CYP11A1]), and endogenous cortisol levels in human sinus mucosa. Hydrocortisone 300-308 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 100-124 25668797-2 2015 Two enzymes modulate cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) interconversion: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 (11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2). Hydrocortisone 21-29 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 140-151 25593612-3 2015 AME is due to the deficiency of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (11betaHSD2), which is responsible for the peripheral inactivation of cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 152-160 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 32-93 25303491-8 2015 D3 cortisone enrichment did not differ in the three cohorts, indicating that 11beta-HSD-2 enzyme activity (conversion of cortisol to cortisone) occurs equally in all groups. Hydrocortisone 121-129 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 77-89 26044103-2 2015 The fetal compartment is protected against endogenous corticosteroid by the high endogenous 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 that converts cortisol to cortisone and by the poor responsiveness of the fetal hypothalamus to corticotropin-releasing hormone. Hydrocortisone 149-157 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 92-134 24971590-6 2014 11beta-HSD-2 activity was determined as the ratio of urinary cortisone to cortisol. Hydrocortisone 74-82 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-12 24683202-2 2014 Two enzymes modulate cortisol availability; 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) preferentially converts inactive cortisone to cortisol, whereas 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) converts cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 21-29 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 165-220 24882402-7 2014 Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism develops due to the inhibition of type 2 11beta-hydrosteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD2) which results in the accumulation of cortisol in tubular epithelial cells that activate mineral corticoid receptors to stimulate the excretion of potassium that results in hypokalemia. Hydrocortisone 163-171 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 113-124 24680291-6 2014 Endogenous glucocorticoids are inactivated by the placental 11beta-HSD2 thus limiting the negative feedback of maternal cortisol on the fetal HPA axis and allowing the simultaneous rise of cortisol and estrogen levels towards the end of gestation. Hydrocortisone 120-128 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 60-71 24680291-6 2014 Endogenous glucocorticoids are inactivated by the placental 11beta-HSD2 thus limiting the negative feedback of maternal cortisol on the fetal HPA axis and allowing the simultaneous rise of cortisol and estrogen levels towards the end of gestation. Hydrocortisone 189-197 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 60-71 24447464-7 2014 Two compounds showed to be selective for the 11beta-HSD1 reductase activity and over 11beta-HSD2 isoform, and thus represent novel leads for the development of more active derivatives with higher efficacies targeting intracellular cortisol levels in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Hydrocortisone 231-239 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 45-96 24423282-2 2014 However, binding of aldosterone to MR requires local activity of the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which inactivates cortisol to cortisone and thereby prevents receptor occupancy by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 152-160 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 76-131 24423282-2 2014 However, binding of aldosterone to MR requires local activity of the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which inactivates cortisol to cortisone and thereby prevents receptor occupancy by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 217-225 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 76-131 24423282-11 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Human cardiac 11beta-HSD2 activity appears too low to inactivate cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 78-86 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 27-38 24683202-5 2014 The 11beta-HSD2 activity is assessed based on the cortisol/cortisone ratio, and the 11beta-HSD1 activity on the (tetrahydrocortisol + allo-tetrahydrocortisol)/tetrahydrocortisone ratio. Hydrocortisone 50-58 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-15 24119936-2 2013 Moreover, when investigating the HPA axis most studies do not consider the activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), an enzyme within the salivary glands that inactivates cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 199-207 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 87-142 23826195-1 2013 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 2 (11beta-HSD2), a key regulator for pre-receptor metabolism of glucocorticoids (GCs) by converting active GC, cortisol, to inactive cortisone, has been shown to be present in a variety of tumors. Hydrocortisone 153-161 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-56 23665406-3 2013 This feedback loop is tightly controlled by the amount of enzymatic cortisol/cortisone turnover in the placental syncytiotrophoblast by 11beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2). Hydrocortisone 68-76 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 136-192 23446772-1 2013 Type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase encoded by the HSD11B2 gene converts cortisol to inactive cortisone and thus protects the mineralocorticoid receptor from cortisol exposure. Hydrocortisone 80-88 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 58-65 23446772-1 2013 Type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase encoded by the HSD11B2 gene converts cortisol to inactive cortisone and thus protects the mineralocorticoid receptor from cortisol exposure. Hydrocortisone 165-173 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 58-65 24040322-3 2013 In the placenta, the HSD11B2 gene encodes the 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme, which is responsible for the inactivation of maternal cortisol thereby protecting the developing fetus from this exposure. Hydrocortisone 145-153 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 21-28 24040322-12 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of HSD11B2 methylation suggest that environmental cues transmitted from the mother during gestation may program the developing fetus"s response to an adverse postnatal environment, potentially via less exposure to cortisol during development. Hydrocortisone 236-244 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 25-32 23826195-6 2013 Inhibition of 11beta-HSD2 by 11beta-HSD inhibitor 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid or 11beta-HSD2 shRNA significantly increased cortisol-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Hydrocortisone 122-130 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 14-25 23826195-6 2013 Inhibition of 11beta-HSD2 by 11beta-HSD inhibitor 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid or 11beta-HSD2 shRNA significantly increased cortisol-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Hydrocortisone 122-130 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 80-91 28509214-3 2013 However, yokukansan should be used with caution because of its potential to induce pseudoaldosteronism through the inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which metabolizes cortisol into cortisone. Hydrocortisone 192-200 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 129-172 23762608-3 2013 Using the glucocorticoid-sensitive human leukemic cell line, CEM-C7, we were able to detect the expression of HSD2 at the level of mRNA (via RT-PCR), protein (via immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting), and enzyme activity (via conversion of tritiated cortisol to cortisone). Hydrocortisone 254-262 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 110-114 23443726-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Impairment in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) activity results in inefficient inactivation of cortisol to cortisone, and it can trigger hypertension through activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Hydrocortisone 131-139 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 26-81 23443726-7 2013 The 11beta-HSD2 activity was estimated by the cortisol/cortisone ratio. Hydrocortisone 46-54 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-15 23357976-1 2013 Type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase encoded by the HSD11B2 gene converts cortisol to inactive cortisone, and alteration in this enzymatic activity might affect glucose homeostasis by affecting circulating levels or tissue availability of glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone 80-88 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 58-65 23364022-4 2013 The ratio of urinary free cortisone to cortisol measured by using a radioimmunoassay was used as an index for 11betaHSD2. Hydrocortisone 39-47 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 110-120 23363016-8 2013 CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that these differential, waveband-dependent effects of UV radiation on the expression of cutaneous HSD11B1, HSD11B2 and GRalpha genes and their corresponding protein products, and cortisol production are to protect and/or restore the epidermal barrier homeostasis against disruption caused by the elevated cortisol level induced by UVB and UVC. Hydrocortisone 330-338 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 132-139 23362866-2 2013 There are two isozymes: 11beta-HSD1 activates cortisol from cortisone and 11beta-HSD2 inactivates cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 98-106 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 74-85 22278213-1 2012 BACKGROUND: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (11beta-HSD2) inactivates cortisol (F) to cortisone (E); its impairment is associated with hypertension. Hydrocortisone 88-96 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 12-74 24685985-0 2013 A functional fetal HSD11B2[CA]n microsatellite polymorphism is associated with maternal serum cortisol concentrations in pregnant women. Hydrocortisone 94-102 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 19-26 24685985-3 2013 Cortisol metabolism is partially controlled by the 11b-HSD2. Hydrocortisone 0-8 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 24685985-7 2013 METHODS: In the current prospective birth cohort study in southern Asia, we analyzed the association of the HSD11B2[CA]n microsatellite polymorphisms in 187 mothers and their newborn"s on maternal and newborn"s serum cortisol concentrations. Hydrocortisone 217-225 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 108-115 24685985-9 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed for the first time that the fetal HSD11B2[CA]n microsatellite polymorphism of the HSD11B2 gene in healthy uncomplicated human pregnancy is associated with maternal cortisol concentration. Hydrocortisone 194-202 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 64-71 24685985-9 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed for the first time that the fetal HSD11B2[CA]n microsatellite polymorphism of the HSD11B2 gene in healthy uncomplicated human pregnancy is associated with maternal cortisol concentration. Hydrocortisone 194-202 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 112-119 22796344-2 2012 Both classes of chemicals were shown to inhibit human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2), which converts active cortisol into inactive cortisone and has a role in renal and intestinal electrolyte regulation and in the feto-placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone 129-137 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 54-91 22796344-2 2012 Both classes of chemicals were shown to inhibit human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2), which converts active cortisol into inactive cortisone and has a role in renal and intestinal electrolyte regulation and in the feto-placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone 129-137 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 93-104 22872687-1 2012 BACKGROUND: The mineralocorticoid receptor is protected from excess of glucocorticoids by conversion of active cortisol to inactive cortisone by enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 present in the kidney. Hydrocortisone 111-119 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 152-194 22001010-3 2012 Here we determined whether maternal prenatal anxiety was associated with a downregulation of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), the enzyme which metabolises cortisol. Hydrocortisone 190-198 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 103-158 22652056-4 2013 Another isoenzyme exists, the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which acts in the opposite direction inactivating cortisol to cortisone in the kidney. Hydrocortisone 124-132 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 30-72 23969897-3 2013 Although cortisol levels rise threefold by the third trimester, the fetus is partially protected from high cortisol by activity of the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2). Hydrocortisone 107-115 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 142-184 23969897-3 2013 Although cortisol levels rise threefold by the third trimester, the fetus is partially protected from high cortisol by activity of the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2). Hydrocortisone 107-115 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 186-193 22850318-5 2012 Among these factors tested, the urinary concentration of cortisol was most highly correlated with the UFE/UFF ratio (r=-0.858), indicating that the in vivo activity of 11beta-HSD2 (UFE/UFF) should fluctuate with the changes of the urinary concentration of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 57-65 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 168-179 22850318-8 2012 The findings indicate that 11beta-HSD2 activities can be accurately evaluated by simply measuring free cortisol and cortisone concentrations in spot urine samples. Hydrocortisone 103-111 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 27-38 22521153-8 2012 RESULT(S): Transcript and protein levels of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B1), which produces cortisol, the biologically active glucocorticoid, were strikingly higher, whereas messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the cortisol-degrading HSD11B2 enzyme were significantly lower in endometriotic tissue. Hydrocortisone 106-114 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 242-249 22159507-2 2012 In epithelial tissues, aldosterone selectivity is determined by the activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, while in other tissues, including the heart and regions of the central nervous system, cortisol is the primary ligand for the MR where it may act as an antagonist. Hydrocortisone 211-219 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 80-122 22178191-2 2012 In the salivary gland, cortisol is metabolised to cortisone by the action of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, and cortisone is partly responsible for the variable interference observed in current salivary cortisol immunoassays. Hydrocortisone 23-31 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 77-119 22273746-9 2012 Structural modeling revealed similar binding modes for fluoxymesterone and cortisol, supporting a competitive mode of inhibition of 11beta-HSD2-dependent cortisol oxidation by this AAS. Hydrocortisone 75-83 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 132-143 22273746-11 2012 Thus, 11beta-HSD2 inhibition by fluoxymesterone may cause cortisol-induced MR activation, thereby leading to electrolyte disturbances and contributing to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hydrocortisone 58-66 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 6-17 21344493-4 2011 The two enzymes mediating activation/deactivation of cortisone to cortisol, namely HSD11B1 and HSD11B2, were expressed at the protein level in cultured keratinocytes as well as human skin samples, as shown by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Hydrocortisone 66-74 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 95-102 23056542-5 2012 11beta-HSD2 has also an essential role in the placenta to protect the fetus from high maternal cortisol concentrations. Hydrocortisone 95-103 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 21515335-5 2011 The inhibition of 11beta-HSD2 activity is generally detrimental to health because the buildup of local cortisol concentration can cause symptoms of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, fetal developmental defect and lower testosterone level in males. Hydrocortisone 103-111 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 18-29 22067259-8 2012 Blocking of endogenous cortisol catabolism in keratinocytes with the 11beta-HSD2 inhibitor 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid mimicked the effect of exogenous administration of hydrocortisone and partially prevented the detrimental effects induced by pemphigus vulgaris sera. Hydrocortisone 23-31 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 69-80 22067259-8 2012 Blocking of endogenous cortisol catabolism in keratinocytes with the 11beta-HSD2 inhibitor 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid mimicked the effect of exogenous administration of hydrocortisone and partially prevented the detrimental effects induced by pemphigus vulgaris sera. Hydrocortisone 169-183 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 69-80 21367348-9 2011 Elevated systemic cortisol metabolism was present in both schizophrenia (5alpha-reductase, 5beta-reductase, and 11beta-HSD2; all P < .001) and bipolar disorder (5alpha-reductase [P = .016], 5beta-reductase [P = .001], and 11beta-HSD2 [P = .007]). Hydrocortisone 18-26 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 112-123 21367348-9 2011 Elevated systemic cortisol metabolism was present in both schizophrenia (5alpha-reductase, 5beta-reductase, and 11beta-HSD2; all P < .001) and bipolar disorder (5alpha-reductase [P = .016], 5beta-reductase [P = .001], and 11beta-HSD2 [P = .007]). Hydrocortisone 18-26 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 225-236 20685855-2 2010 However, parotid tissue harbors 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD2) activity converting cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 102-110 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 69-80 21184804-5 2011 Cortisol and cortisone levels reflected expected inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by glycyrrhetinic acid. Hydrocortisone 0-8 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 63-105 21333409-6 2011 Furthermore, the ligand-binding site (LBS) volume was calculated to be 845 A(3), which suggests that the LBS of 11betaHSD2 is sufficiently large to contain cofactors and substrates (ligands), such as NAD(+) and cortisol. Hydrocortisone 211-219 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 112-122 20685855-3 2010 OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the impact of parotid 11beta-HSD2 activity on the measurement of salivary cortisol. Hydrocortisone 119-127 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 67-78 20654577-1 2010 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 2 (11beta-HSD2) regulates the local concentration of cortisol that can activate the glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor, as well as the concentration of 11-keto-testosterone, the active androgen in fish. Hydrocortisone 94-102 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 44-55 20510523-2 2010 Glycyrrhizin, a natural constituent of licorice, potently inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, the feto-placental barrier to the higher maternal cortisol levels. Hydrocortisone 161-169 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 67-109 20624455-6 2010 Results show lower cortisol concentrations in the incubation media of exposed cells, which were associated to increased 11beta-HSD2 expression and activity and to a lower methylation index of the gene. Hydrocortisone 19-27 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 120-131 19158196-12 2009 CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced inactivation of cortisol by 11betaHSD2 in endometrium from women with HMB may explain reduced TSP-1 levels and hence endothelial cell dysfunction and abnormal angiogenesis. Hydrocortisone 38-46 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 50-60 20018571-1 2010 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform 2 (11beta-HSD2) is responsible for conversion of cortisol (F) to inactive cortisone (E). Hydrocortisone 93-101 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-58 19808634-2 2009 Glycyrrhiza, a natural constituent of licorice, inhibits placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, the feto-placental "barrier" to higher maternal levels of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 170-178 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 67-110 19816851-3 2010 The cortisol-cortisone ratio of serum concentrations in umbilical cord blood is an indicator of placental 11beta-HSD2 activity. Hydrocortisone 4-12 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 106-117 20129665-11 2010 In conclusion, syncytiotrophoblast NHE activity is increased acutely by aldosterone and, when 11-beta-HSD-2 is blocked, by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 123-131 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 94-107 19882252-1 2010 Cortisol availability is modulated by several enzymes: 11beta-HSD2, which transforms cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) and 11beta-HSD1 which predominantly converts inactive E to active F. Additionally, the A-ring reductases (5alpha- and 5beta-reductase) inactivate cortisol (together with 3alpha-HSD) to tetrahydrometabolites: 5alphaTHF, 5betaTHF, and THE. Hydrocortisone 0-8 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 55-66 19882252-1 2010 Cortisol availability is modulated by several enzymes: 11beta-HSD2, which transforms cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) and 11beta-HSD1 which predominantly converts inactive E to active F. Additionally, the A-ring reductases (5alpha- and 5beta-reductase) inactivate cortisol (together with 3alpha-HSD) to tetrahydrometabolites: 5alphaTHF, 5betaTHF, and THE. Hydrocortisone 85-93 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 55-66 19882252-1 2010 Cortisol availability is modulated by several enzymes: 11beta-HSD2, which transforms cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) and 11beta-HSD1 which predominantly converts inactive E to active F. Additionally, the A-ring reductases (5alpha- and 5beta-reductase) inactivate cortisol (together with 3alpha-HSD) to tetrahydrometabolites: 5alphaTHF, 5betaTHF, and THE. Hydrocortisone 261-269 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 55-66 19880179-2 2009 The fetus is protected from 10 times higher maternal glucocorticoid levels by the placental enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2), which converts biologically active cortisol to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 187-195 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 99-136 19880179-2 2009 The fetus is protected from 10 times higher maternal glucocorticoid levels by the placental enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2), which converts biologically active cortisol to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 187-195 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 138-149 19783236-2 2009 Salivary cortisone is a consequence of the salivary glands expressing 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) which converts cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 142-150 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 70-125 19022273-2 2009 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) is believed to confer specificity on aldosterone to activate MR by inactivating 11beta-hydroxyglucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisol) that are 100-1000 times more abundant in plasma than aldosterone and that can also bind and activate MR. Hydrocortisone 184-192 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-55 19019559-2 2009 Animal models show that maternal prenatal stress can affect placental function, including regulation of placental 11beta-HSD2, the main barrier to the placental passage of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 172-180 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 114-125 19164857-7 2009 Importantly, 11betaHSD2 antagonized the effects of the GCs corticosterone, hydrocortisone, and prednisolone, but not the synthetic GC dexamethasone. Hydrocortisone 75-89 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 13-23 19164857-9 2009 Furthermore, they led us to propose that 11betaHSD2-sensitive GCs (e.g., hydrocortisone) should be used in preference to dexamethasone in neonatal human infants because of the potential for reduced neurotoxicity. Hydrocortisone 73-87 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 41-51 19047954-2 2009 In healthy pregnancies, the fetus is protected from high circulating cortisol levels by the placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which is reduced in preeclampsia. Hydrocortisone 69-77 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 102-157 18408592-3 2008 The enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11beta-HSD2) prevents the binding of glucocorticoids to the MR by inactivating cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 135-143 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 11-67 18755017-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Animal data show that decreased activity of placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which potently inactivates glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) to inert forms (cortisone), allows increased access of maternal glucocorticoids to the fetus and "programs" hypertension. Hydrocortisone 174-182 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 66-122 19169481-2 2008 The 11beta-HSD2 enzyme, encoded by HSD11B2 gene, metabolizes active cortisol in cortisone. Hydrocortisone 68-76 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-15 19169481-2 2008 The 11beta-HSD2 enzyme, encoded by HSD11B2 gene, metabolizes active cortisol in cortisone. Hydrocortisone 68-76 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 35-42 18061258-1 2008 The placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) serves as a functional barrier to protect the fetus from excessive exposure to high levels of maternal cortisol. Hydrocortisone 174-182 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 14-69 18337758-11 2008 The enhanced cortisol levels are backed by recent genetic findings on HSD11B2 polymorphisms and may promote hypertension. Hydrocortisone 13-21 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 70-77 18061258-5 2008 This was accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of cortisone to cortisol in the umbilical artery, suggesting that not only placental but also fetal 11beta-HSD2 activity may be compromised in idiopathic IUGR. Hydrocortisone 64-72 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 148-159 18054738-7 2007 Selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors (selective in that they block the activity of 11beta-HSD1 and not 11beta-HSD2 which inactivates cortisone to cortisol in mineralocorticoid target tissues) are currently in development although not yet available for use in clinical studies. Hydrocortisone 142-150 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 95-110 17911392-2 2007 Protection against fetal exposure to cortisol is provided by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2) located in the human placental trophoblast. Hydrocortisone 37-45 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 72-109 17590867-1 2007 The measurement of the urinary free cortisol-cortisone ratio has been reported to be a sensitive indicator of renal 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD 2) activity. Hydrocortisone 36-44 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 87-174 17911392-2 2007 Protection against fetal exposure to cortisol is provided by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2) located in the human placental trophoblast. Hydrocortisone 37-45 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 111-122 17555509-2 2007 Changes in the activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) and the consequent disequilibrium between cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) are thought to be a key mechanism for these effects. Hydrocortisone 126-134 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 27-82 17519316-12 2007 CONCLUSIONS: The activities of skeletal muscle 11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2 are altered in diabetes, which together may reduce intracellular cortisol generation, potentially conferring metabolic protection. Hydrocortisone 140-148 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 31-74 17618751-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) converts cortisol into cortisone. Hydrocortisone 88-96 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 22-77 17618751-2 2007 Reduced placental activity of 11beta-HSD2 in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates results in fetal cortisol excess. Hydrocortisone 103-111 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 30-41 17447595-2 2007 11beta-HSD2 converts cortisol into inactive cortisone and prevents the stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 21-29 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 17459698-5 2007 Inhibitors of 11beta-HSD2 increase local cortisol levels, permitting it to act as a mineralocorticoid in kidney. Hydrocortisone 41-49 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 14-25 17515840-1 2007 11-Beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) oxidizes the biologically active glucocorticoid (GC), cortisol, to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 105-113 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-43 17515840-1 2007 11-Beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) oxidizes the biologically active glucocorticoid (GC), cortisol, to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 105-113 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 17314322-1 2007 Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a severe form of hypertension that is caused by impaired activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which converts biologically active cortisol into inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 205-213 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 112-167 17314322-2 2007 Mutations in HSD11B2 result in cortisol-induced activation of mineralocorticoid receptors and cause hypertension with hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and suppressed circulating renin and aldosterone concentrations. Hydrocortisone 31-39 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 13-20 17532462-1 2007 Cortisol availability is controlled by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which inactivates cortisol in cortisone, unable to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. Hydrocortisone 0-8 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 39-94 17532462-1 2007 Cortisol availability is controlled by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), which inactivates cortisol in cortisone, unable to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. Hydrocortisone 115-123 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 39-94 17532462-2 2007 The 11beta-HSD2 enzyme activity limits either intracellular cortisol concentrations or within the uteroplacental compartment the transfer of cortisol into the fetal circulation. Hydrocortisone 60-68 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-15 17532462-2 2007 The 11beta-HSD2 enzyme activity limits either intracellular cortisol concentrations or within the uteroplacental compartment the transfer of cortisol into the fetal circulation. Hydrocortisone 141-149 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-15 17447595-2 2007 11beta-HSD2 converts cortisol into inactive cortisone and prevents the stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 120-128 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 17035606-1 2006 In mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the cortical collecting duct in the kidney, the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) is responsible for the peripheral inactivation of cortisol to cortisone, thereby protecting the mineralocorticoid receptor from inappropriate activation by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 205-213 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 99-141 17035606-1 2006 In mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the cortical collecting duct in the kidney, the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) is responsible for the peripheral inactivation of cortisol to cortisone, thereby protecting the mineralocorticoid receptor from inappropriate activation by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 205-213 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 143-153 17035606-1 2006 In mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the cortical collecting duct in the kidney, the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) is responsible for the peripheral inactivation of cortisol to cortisone, thereby protecting the mineralocorticoid receptor from inappropriate activation by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 311-319 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 99-141 17035606-1 2006 In mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the cortical collecting duct in the kidney, the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) is responsible for the peripheral inactivation of cortisol to cortisone, thereby protecting the mineralocorticoid receptor from inappropriate activation by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 311-319 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 143-153 17035606-2 2006 Mutations in the HSD11B2 gene cause the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, an autosomal recessive form of inherited hypertension in which cortisol acts as a potent mineralocorticoid. Hydrocortisone 150-158 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 17-24 17006915-4 2006 The underlying molecular pathology for this mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation by cortisol is a reduced activity of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, an enzyme protecting the MR from promiscuous activation by cortisol in healthy mammalians. Hydrocortisone 90-98 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 128-171 17006915-4 2006 The underlying molecular pathology for this mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation by cortisol is a reduced activity of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, an enzyme protecting the MR from promiscuous activation by cortisol in healthy mammalians. Hydrocortisone 232-240 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 128-171 16513152-2 2006 Its most common side effect is hypokalemic hypertension, which is secondary to a block of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 at the level of the kidney, leading to an enhanced mineralocorticoid effect of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 212-220 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 90-132 16857225-2 2006 The 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of bioactive cortisol and Dex to their 11-keto metabolites. Hydrocortisone 99-107 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-47 16857225-2 2006 The 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of bioactive cortisol and Dex to their 11-keto metabolites. Hydrocortisone 99-107 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 16980198-5 2006 By contrast, 11beta-HSD2 plays a pivotal role in aldosterone target tissues where it catalyses the opposite reaction (i.e. inactivation of cortisol to cortisone) to prevent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 139-147 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 13-24 16980198-5 2006 By contrast, 11beta-HSD2 plays a pivotal role in aldosterone target tissues where it catalyses the opposite reaction (i.e. inactivation of cortisol to cortisone) to prevent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol. Hydrocortisone 226-234 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 13-24 16717146-10 2006 These findings suggest that MR in PVN contribute to sympathetic regulation and may be activated by aldosterone or corticosterone (or cortisol in humans) depending on the state of 11beta-HSD-2 activity. Hydrocortisone 133-141 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 179-191 16778331-2 2006 In AME, defective HSD11B2 enzyme activity results in overstimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol, causing sodium retention, hypokalemia, and salt-dependent hypertension. Hydrocortisone 111-119 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 18-25 16556718-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: The conversion of cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) is catalyzed by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2). Hydrocortisone 29-37 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 75-130 16337083-2 2006 Cortisol, the major glucocorticoid, has high affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor; however, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 converts cortisol to the inactive steroid cortisone in aldosterone target cells of the kidney, thus limiting the mineralocorticoid action of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 151-159 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 99-141 16549532-1 2006 The placental enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11beta-HSD2) transforms maternal cortisol to inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 93-101 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 60-71 16337083-2 2006 Cortisol, the major glucocorticoid, has high affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor; however, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 converts cortisol to the inactive steroid cortisone in aldosterone target cells of the kidney, thus limiting the mineralocorticoid action of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 283-291 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 99-141 16462145-1 2006 BACKGROUND/AIM: Liquorice is commonly consumed, at least in the western world, and we have earlier shown that even moderate doses of liquorice have significant effects on the cortisol metabolism by inhibiting 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Hydrocortisone 175-183 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 209-251 16195667-4 2006 In man, the biologically active GC (cortisol) and the biologically inactive GC (cortisone) are interconverted by the tissue-specific expression of the type 1 and type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes (HSD1 and HSD2). Hydrocortisone 36-44 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 15979541-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) is thought to act as a placental barrier protecting the fetus from high levels of maternal cortisol. Hydrocortisone 159-167 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 11-66 16005482-5 2005 The information obtained from the kinetic analysis of the 11beta-HSD2-catalyzed conversion of cortisol-(13)C(4),(2)H(1) to cortisone-(13)C(4) indicated that the elimination half-life of 11alpha-(2)H cortisol was a sensitive index of renal 11beta-HSD2 activity. Hydrocortisone 94-102 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 58-69 16005482-5 2005 The information obtained from the kinetic analysis of the 11beta-HSD2-catalyzed conversion of cortisol-(13)C(4),(2)H(1) to cortisone-(13)C(4) indicated that the elimination half-life of 11alpha-(2)H cortisol was a sensitive index of renal 11beta-HSD2 activity. Hydrocortisone 94-102 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 239-250 16005482-5 2005 The information obtained from the kinetic analysis of the 11beta-HSD2-catalyzed conversion of cortisol-(13)C(4),(2)H(1) to cortisone-(13)C(4) indicated that the elimination half-life of 11alpha-(2)H cortisol was a sensitive index of renal 11beta-HSD2 activity. Hydrocortisone 199-207 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 58-69 16005482-5 2005 The information obtained from the kinetic analysis of the 11beta-HSD2-catalyzed conversion of cortisol-(13)C(4),(2)H(1) to cortisone-(13)C(4) indicated that the elimination half-life of 11alpha-(2)H cortisol was a sensitive index of renal 11beta-HSD2 activity. Hydrocortisone 199-207 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 239-250 16061836-13 2005 Reduced renal 11beta-HSD2 expression may lead to occupancy of the MR by glucocorticoids such as cortisol and may contribute to the increased sodium retention seen in patients with impaired renal function. Hydrocortisone 96-104 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 14-25 16079253-1 2005 Two isozymes of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2) catalyse the interconversion of hormonally active cortisol and inactive cortisone. Hydrocortisone 132-140 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 53-80 16079253-3 2005 "Cushing"s disease of the kidney" arises because of a failure of 11beta-HSD2 to inactivate cortisol to cortisone resulting in cortisol-induced mineralocorticoid excess.Conversely, 11beta-HSD1 has been linked to human obesity and insulin resistance, but also to other diseases in which glucocorticoids have historically been implicated (osteoporosis, glaucoma). Hydrocortisone 91-99 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 65-76 16079253-3 2005 "Cushing"s disease of the kidney" arises because of a failure of 11beta-HSD2 to inactivate cortisol to cortisone resulting in cortisol-induced mineralocorticoid excess.Conversely, 11beta-HSD1 has been linked to human obesity and insulin resistance, but also to other diseases in which glucocorticoids have historically been implicated (osteoporosis, glaucoma). Hydrocortisone 126-134 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 65-76 16251242-6 2005 The 11beta-HSD2 activity, assessed by the conversion of 3H-cortisol to cortisone, was reversibly reduced during incubation with ATP or its stable analogue ATPgammaS in intact JEG-3 and LLCPK1, but not in SW620 cells. Hydrocortisone 56-67 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-15 15979541-8 2005 11beta-HSD2 activity was determined by measuring the rate of cortisol to cortisone conversion in the culture medium using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Hydrocortisone 61-69 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 15956339-2 2005 11 beta-HSD2 (renal) acts only as a dehydrogenase, converting cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 62-70 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-12 15631868-0 2005 Use of 11alpha-deuterium labeled cortisol as a tracer for assessing reduced 11beta-HSD2 activity in vivo following glycyrrhetinic acid ingestion in a human subject. Hydrocortisone 33-41 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 76-87 15631868-4 2005 The elimination half-life of cortisol-13C4,2H1 provided sensitive in vivo measures of 11beta-HSD2 activity and was more sensitive for detecting changes in renal 11beta-HSD2 activity than the measurement of the urinary ratio of free cortisol and free cortisone (UFF/UFE). Hydrocortisone 29-37 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 86-97 15631868-4 2005 The elimination half-life of cortisol-13C4,2H1 provided sensitive in vivo measures of 11beta-HSD2 activity and was more sensitive for detecting changes in renal 11beta-HSD2 activity than the measurement of the urinary ratio of free cortisol and free cortisone (UFF/UFE). Hydrocortisone 29-37 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 161-172 15631868-5 2005 The 2H-labeling in the 11alpha-position of cortisol served as an appropriate tracer for assessing the reduced 11beta-HSD2 activity in vivo induced by glycyrrhetinic acid. Hydrocortisone 43-51 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 110-121 15947887-3 2005 In epithelial tissues the enzyme 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 2 (11betaHSD2) allows aldosterone to selectively activate MR, by converting cortisol to cortisone and NAD to NADH. Hydrocortisone 150-158 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 33-75 15531519-2 2004 The placental enzyme, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), plays a pivotal role in controlling fetal exposure to high levels of maternal glucocorticoid by converting cortisol into its inactive metabolite, cortisone. Hydrocortisone 187-195 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 22-77 15643127-1 2005 BACKGROUND: The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) catalyzes the conversion of cortisol (F) to cortisone (E), avoiding the interaction of cortisol with the mineralocorticoid receptor. Hydrocortisone 100-108 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 16-58 15241728-1 2004 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) plays a crucial role in converting hormonally active cortisol into inactive cortisone, conferring specificity onto the human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Hydrocortisone 110-118 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-55 15172126-2 2004 The glucocorticoid action is regulated, in part, at the pre-receptor level through the expression of isoforms of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD1, 11betaHSD2) which are responsible for the interconversion of hormonally active cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 241-249 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 162-172 15579328-2 2004 The most common side effect is hypokalemic hypertension, which is secondary to a block of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 at the level of the kidney, leading to an enhanced mineralocorticoid effect of cortisol. Hydrocortisone 212-220 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 90-132 15241728-4 2004 We have shown in vitro that the human kidney possesses an effective enzyme system that metabolizes progesterone to inactive metabolites in a process similar to the inactivation of cortisol by 11beta-HSD2. Hydrocortisone 180-188 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 192-203 15062542-5 2004 11beta-HSD2 protects MR and GR from inappropriate occupation by cortisol; it is, however, unable to prevent activation of GR by 11-ketoDex. Hydrocortisone 64-72 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-11 15126515-4 2004 The 11betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) defect is documented by demonstrating a failure to convert cortisol to cortisone. Hydrocortisone 118-126 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 4-57 15134813-1 2004 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) plays a crucial role in converting hormonally active cortisol to inactive cortisone, thereby conferring specificity upon the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Hydrocortisone 110-118 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-55 14732482-1 2004 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 1 and 2 (11 beta-HSD1 and 11 beta-HSD2) are microsomal enzymes responsible for the interconversion of cortisol into the inactive form cortisone and vice versa. Hydrocortisone 145-153 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 3-81 14732482-3 2004 11 beta-HSD2, present in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the kidney, converts cortisol into cortisone. Hydrocortisone 87-95 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-12