PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 11304729-1 2001 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess whether low serum testosterone levels in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer have an association to the endocrine status, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score, and androgen receptor expression. Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 234-251 11304729-9 2001 Androgen receptor expression was higher in patients with low serum testosterone. Testosterone 67-79 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 11245419-0 2001 Coexpression of the partial androgen receptor enhances the efficacy of prostate-specific antigen promoter-driven suicide gene therapy for prostate cancer cells at low testosterone concentrations. Testosterone 167-179 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 28-45 11158052-9 2001 The group data were, moreover, supported by the fact that a male-like AR-ir (i.e. intense nuclear AR-ir) was found in a 36-yr-old bisexual noncastrated male-to-female transsexual and in a heterosexual virilized woman, 46 yr of age, with high levels of circulating testosterone. Testosterone 264-276 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 70-72 10665479-10 1999 There is also interest in developing selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) that can achieve AR blockade without causing the increased testosterone levels produced by the nonsteroidal antiandrogens currently in use. Testosterone 142-154 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 47-64 11384871-1 2001 The actions of androgens, principally testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, are mediated by a specific receptor protein, the androgen receptor (AR), which is encoded by a single-copy gene located on the human X-chromosome. Testosterone 38-50 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 132-149 11384871-1 2001 The actions of androgens, principally testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, are mediated by a specific receptor protein, the androgen receptor (AR), which is encoded by a single-copy gene located on the human X-chromosome. Testosterone 38-50 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 151-153 10999816-0 2000 Phenotypic diversity and testosterone-induced normalization of mutant L712F androgen receptor function in a kindred with androgen insensitivity. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 76-93 10999816-6 2000 In trans-activation assays, the mutant 712F-AR showed considerable deficiency at low concentrations of testosterone (0.01-0.1 nmol/L) or dihydrotestosterone (0.01 nmol/L). Testosterone 103-115 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 44-46 10999816-8 2000 Hence, the 712F-AR could switch its function from subnormal to normal within the physiological concentration range of testosterone. Testosterone 118-130 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 16-18 10543676-1 1999 We report a 46,XY infant with an M807T mutation in his androgen receptor that abrogated cellular responses to testosterone, but not to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), resulting in ambiguous genitalia. Testosterone 110-122 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 55-72 10733498-0 2000 Human megakaryocytes and platelets contain the estrogen receptor beta and androgen receptor (AR): testosterone regulates AR expression. Testosterone 98-110 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 74-91 10733498-0 2000 Human megakaryocytes and platelets contain the estrogen receptor beta and androgen receptor (AR): testosterone regulates AR expression. Testosterone 98-110 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 93-95 10733498-0 2000 Human megakaryocytes and platelets contain the estrogen receptor beta and androgen receptor (AR): testosterone regulates AR expression. Testosterone 98-110 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 121-123 10668786-3 2000 We now obtained evidence that L-plastin gene expression was positively regulated by testosterone in androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate and breast cancer cells. Testosterone 84-96 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 100-117 10668786-3 2000 We now obtained evidence that L-plastin gene expression was positively regulated by testosterone in androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate and breast cancer cells. Testosterone 84-96 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 119-121 10668786-6 2000 Their testosterone/AR responsiveness became evident only when two or three of them were combined. Testosterone 6-18 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 10668786-8 2000 Thus, the three L-plastin AREs, despite their imperfect sequences compared with the consensus ARE, could cooperate with each other to become a potent testosterone/AR-responsive unit, which was likely responsible for the inducibility of the L-plastin gene by testosterone. Testosterone 150-162 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 26-28 10668786-8 2000 Thus, the three L-plastin AREs, despite their imperfect sequences compared with the consensus ARE, could cooperate with each other to become a potent testosterone/AR-responsive unit, which was likely responsible for the inducibility of the L-plastin gene by testosterone. Testosterone 258-270 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 26-28 10092153-4 1999 Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone act via the androgen receptor but a defective receptor function results in different degrees of genital malformations. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 49-66 9717856-4 1998 Testosterone is the preferred ligand of the human androgen receptor in the myocardium and directly modulates transcription, translation, and enzyme function. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-67 9515293-10 1997 These results strongly suggest that testosterone in the hyperandrogenic female range, may facilitate LH secretion by the pituitary, effect that is reversed by the blockade of the androgen receptor. Testosterone 36-48 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 179-196 9403318-5 1997 Cortisol effects are mediated via a glucocorticoid receptor, and testosterone effects via an androgen receptor, the density of which appears to be higher in visceral than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Testosterone 65-77 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 93-110 9159212-3 1996 The androgen receptor can be activated by two ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, which bind to the androgen receptor with different affinities. Testosterone 55-67 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 9196614-1 1997 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the responses of two patients previously diagnosed as Reifenstein"s syndrome to graded high-dose testosterone in terms of hormone levels, nitrogen balance and sebum secretion and to attempt to correlate these parameters with the properties of their androgen receptors and mutations in the androgen receptor gene. Testosterone 123-135 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 275-292 8643607-3 1996 Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we were able to isolate a ligand-dependent AR-associated protein (ARA70), which functions as an activator to enhance AR transcriptional activity 10-fold in the presence of 10(-10) M dihydrotestosterone or 10(-9) M testosterone, but not 10(-6) M hydroxyflutamide in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. Testosterone 222-234 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 76-78 8880876-2 1996 In its activated form as an androgen receptor ligand complex (the ligand can either be testosterone or 5a-dihydrotestosterone), the androgen receptor is able to regulate a specific expression of target genes. Testosterone 87-99 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 28-45 8880876-2 1996 In its activated form as an androgen receptor ligand complex (the ligand can either be testosterone or 5a-dihydrotestosterone), the androgen receptor is able to regulate a specific expression of target genes. Testosterone 87-99 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 132-149 9159212-3 1996 The androgen receptor can be activated by two ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, which bind to the androgen receptor with different affinities. Testosterone 55-67 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 111-128 8719610-0 1995 Androgen receptor-like immunoreactivity in the Brazilian opossum brain and pituitary: distribution and effects of castration and testosterone replacement in the adult male. Testosterone 129-141 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 11725052-0 1995 Effects of Estradiol and Testosterone on the Synthesis, Expression and Degradation of Androgen Receptor in Human Uterine Endometrial Fibroblasts. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 86-103 7769130-5 1995 In addition, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and adrenal androgens inhibited the expression of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter plasmid driven by the human IL-6 promoter in HeLa cells cotransfected with an androgen receptor expression plasmid; however, these steroids were ineffective when the cells were cotransfected with an estrogen receptor expression plasmid. Testosterone 13-25 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 222-239 2159274-4 1990 2-Hydroxy-4"-nitro-3"-trifluoromethyldiphenylamine (13), which shows a relative binding affinity (RBA) to the androgen receptor (AR) of 6.5% of that of testosterone, exerts a higher affinity than hydroxyflutamide (RBA = 4.5). Testosterone 152-164 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 110-127 8049142-4 1994 These results suggest that the androgen receptor mRNA determined might encode TBS and that testosterone may stimulate the metabolic rate of TBS, or inhibit the translation rate of androgen receptor mRNA to TBS. Testosterone 91-103 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 180-197 8339746-2 1993 The formation of a biologically active androgen receptor complex with testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone is required for normal androgen action during fetal development and differentiation of the internal accessory sex glands and external genitalia. Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 39-56 2082179-1 1990 Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) are thought to cause complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) in 46,XY human subjects who have a female phenotype despite normal adult male concentrations of plasma testosterone. Testosterone 203-215 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 17-34 2082179-1 1990 Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) are thought to cause complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) in 46,XY human subjects who have a female phenotype despite normal adult male concentrations of plasma testosterone. Testosterone 203-215 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-38 2174826-8 1990 The radio-labeled testosterones were incorporated into hepatocellular carcinoma and the liver to a parallel extent with the androgen receptor titers biochemically assayed. Testosterone 18-31 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 124-141 8845582-3 1995 Both testosterone and its 5 alpha reduced derivative 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are physiological ligands for the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 5-17 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 121-138 8845582-3 1995 Both testosterone and its 5 alpha reduced derivative 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are physiological ligands for the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 5-17 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-142 8001861-9 1994 Normal value at testosterone level characteristic for men suggests that the lack of sensitivity to androgens of the target cells is the main cause of the disease and is definitively caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene. Testosterone 16-28 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 209-226 8312279-11 1994 These findings suggest that the amelioration of hemophilia B-Leyden with a mutation at nt -20 after puberty involves binding of a specific non-androgen receptor nuclear protein at FP-III" and it is able to substitute for the function of a protein bound at FP-III in the normal gene optimally through its elevated interaction with androgen receptor upon a surge of testosterone. Testosterone 364-376 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 143-160 8158210-3 1994 The level of suppression varied considerably with the patients, and those of plasma testosterone and FSH were significantly correlated with the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene. Testosterone 84-96 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 173-190 8496305-5 1993 Androgen receptor blockade was confirmed by significant increases in 24-h mean LH concentrations and in total 17 beta-estradiol and free testosterone levels in the serum. Testosterone 137-149 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 8435194-1 1993 Androgen receptor is the intracellular protein that mediates biological actions of physiological androgens (testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone). Testosterone 108-120 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 1588131-2 1992 They contain steroid enzymes, capable of transforming weak androgens into the target-tissue-active androgens testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which bind to the androgen receptor (AR) to regulate cellular transcription. Testosterone 109-121 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 175-192 1588131-2 1992 They contain steroid enzymes, capable of transforming weak androgens into the target-tissue-active androgens testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which bind to the androgen receptor (AR) to regulate cellular transcription. Testosterone 109-121 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 194-196 2332504-1 1990 Mutations of the androgen receptor that impair the action of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone result in abnormal male sexual development. Testosterone 76-88 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 17-34 2159274-4 1990 2-Hydroxy-4"-nitro-3"-trifluoromethyldiphenylamine (13), which shows a relative binding affinity (RBA) to the androgen receptor (AR) of 6.5% of that of testosterone, exerts a higher affinity than hydroxyflutamide (RBA = 4.5). Testosterone 152-164 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 129-131 33989703-3 2021 Both (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin were effective competitors of [3H]-testosterone binding to PC-3 prostate cancer cells (nuclear androgen receptor-negative, nAR-null) overexpressing ZIP9 (PC3-ZIP9), with relative binding affinities of 75% and 28% that of testosterone, respectively. Testosterone 73-85 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 133-150 2298157-0 1990 Testosterone at high concentrations interacts with the human androgen receptor similarly to dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 61-78 2298157-9 1990 In up-regulation experiments, 2 nM [3H]testosterone produced a 34% increase in specific androgen receptor binding after 24 h, whereas 20 nM [3H]testosterone produced an average increase of 64%. Testosterone 39-51 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 88-105 2298157-10 1990 Our results suggest that the weaker androgenic potency of testosterone compared to that of dihydrotestosterone resides in its weaker interaction with the androgen receptor, most clearly demonstrable as an increase in the dissociation rate of testosterone from the receptor. Testosterone 58-70 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 154-171 2298157-10 1990 Our results suggest that the weaker androgenic potency of testosterone compared to that of dihydrotestosterone resides in its weaker interaction with the androgen receptor, most clearly demonstrable as an increase in the dissociation rate of testosterone from the receptor. Testosterone 98-110 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 154-171 34061561-1 2021 Targeting the androgen receptor by depriving testosterone with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or antagonists, or surgical castration, has been the backbone of metastatic prostate cancer treatment. Testosterone 45-57 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 14-31 20048160-0 2010 Androgen receptor-dependent transactivation of growth arrest-specific gene 6 mediates inhibitory effects of testosterone on vascular calcification. Testosterone 108-120 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 20048160-3 2010 Here we show the inhibitory effects of testosterone on vascular calcification and a critical role of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transactivation of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6), a key regulator of inorganic phosphate (P(i))-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Testosterone 39-51 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 120-122 34744823-2 2021 The role of peripubertal testosterone levels in boys in this context is insufficiently understood and may be modulated by a functional polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene (AR), a variable number of CAG repeats. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 155-172 34520388-7 2021 Pattern I, characterized by androstenedione and testosterone hydroxylated metabolites (11beta-OHT; 2beta-OHT; 15beta-OHT; 2alpha-OHT; 6beta-OHT), was associated with high prostate cancer odds among carriers of androgen receptor gene (CAG)>19 repeats (OR: 3.67 95% CI: 1.23-11.0; p for interaction=0.009). Testosterone 48-60 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 210-227 34632603-1 2022 Androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are endocrine regulators of spermatogenesis and act via androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 11-23 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 110-127 34632603-1 2022 Androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are endocrine regulators of spermatogenesis and act via androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 11-23 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 129-131 34321053-5 2021 The presence of STS, 3beta-HSD, and 17beta-HSD1 result in the production of testosterone which act through the androgen receptor (AR) in the tumor cell. Testosterone 76-88 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 111-128 34321053-5 2021 The presence of STS, 3beta-HSD, and 17beta-HSD1 result in the production of testosterone which act through the androgen receptor (AR) in the tumor cell. Testosterone 76-88 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 130-132 34430422-2 2021 The current cornerstone of prostate cancer systemic treatment involves the suppression of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, either by reducing the body"s testosterone production or inhibiting its binding to AR and its subsequent gene regulatory network driving carcinogenesis. Testosterone 154-166 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 90-107 34430422-2 2021 The current cornerstone of prostate cancer systemic treatment involves the suppression of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, either by reducing the body"s testosterone production or inhibiting its binding to AR and its subsequent gene regulatory network driving carcinogenesis. Testosterone 154-166 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 109-111 24750035-5 2015 KEY RESULTS: Pretreatment with NR3C4 antagonist nilutamide prevented testosterone-induced increase in H2S and reduced its vasodilator effect. Testosterone 69-81 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 31-36 24750035-7 2015 The NR3C4-multicomplex-derived heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) was also involved in this effect; its specific inhibitor geldanamycin strongly reduced testosterone-induced H2S production. Testosterone 148-160 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-9 34352351-0 2021 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol intensifies the effect of chlorpyrifos on the paracrine function of Sertoli cells by preventing binding of testosterone and the androgen receptor. Testosterone 135-147 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 156-173 34352351-10 2021 The fluorescence measurements and docking studies revealed that testosterone, CPF and TCP showed four types of intermolecular interactions with AR, highlighting alkyl bonds with some of the same amino acids. Testosterone 64-76 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 144-146 34352351-11 2021 Compared with testosterone, CPF and TCP also showed significant synergistic interaction with AR. Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 93-95 34121684-13 2021 Addition of FCX in the presence of estradiol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone, LNCaP cells markedly caused a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation indicating the compound activity to be facilitated through androgen receptor pathway. Testosterone 46-58 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 223-240 34152287-0 2021 Testosterone-induced increase in libido in a patient with a loss-of-function mutation in the AR gene. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 93-95 35536859-1 2022 Androgen deprivation therapy suppresses tumor androgen receptor (AR) signaling by depleting circulating testosterone and is a mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Testosterone 104-116 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-63 35599686-10 2022 Moreover, the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist flutamide mimicked the effects of testosterone deficiency on PCSK9 and LDLR indicating the role of AR as a mediator in triggering attenuating liver cholesterol uptake in which testosterone instead of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the major functional form of androgen. Testosterone 82-94 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 147-149 35599686-10 2022 Moreover, the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist flutamide mimicked the effects of testosterone deficiency on PCSK9 and LDLR indicating the role of AR as a mediator in triggering attenuating liver cholesterol uptake in which testosterone instead of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the major functional form of androgen. Testosterone 224-236 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 147-149 35599686-11 2022 Conclusion: Testosterone deficiency attenuated cholesterol liver uptake mediated by the PCSK9-LDLR pathway, in which AR and testosterone without transforming to DHT play important roles. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 117-119 35603787-0 2022 Response to supraphysiological testosterone is predicted by a distinct androgen receptor cistrome. Testosterone 31-43 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 71-88 35536859-1 2022 Androgen deprivation therapy suppresses tumor androgen receptor (AR) signaling by depleting circulating testosterone and is a mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Testosterone 104-116 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 65-67 35121110-3 2022 While the high-dose testosterone (high-T) treatment is currently being tested in clinical trials of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there is still a pressing need to fully understand the underlying mechanism and thus develop treatment strategies to exploit this tumor-suppressive activity of AR. Testosterone 20-32 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 305-307 35390118-5 2022 SUMMARY: PC is an androgen-dependent malignancy in which ligands including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to AR, initiating androgen-AR complex translocation to the nucleus followed by AR-mediated transcription of target genes. Testosterone 75-87 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 120-122 35390118-5 2022 SUMMARY: PC is an androgen-dependent malignancy in which ligands including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to AR, initiating androgen-AR complex translocation to the nucleus followed by AR-mediated transcription of target genes. Testosterone 75-87 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 144-146 35390118-5 2022 SUMMARY: PC is an androgen-dependent malignancy in which ligands including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to AR, initiating androgen-AR complex translocation to the nucleus followed by AR-mediated transcription of target genes. Testosterone 75-87 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 196-198 35121110-4 2022 In this study, we demonstrate that retinoblastoma (Rb) family proteins play a central role in maintaining the global chromatin binding and transcriptional repression program of AR, and that Rb inactivation desensitizes CRPC to the high-dose testosterone treatment in vitro and in vivo. Testosterone 241-253 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 177-179 35163140-4 2022 In physiological condition, in the prostate epithelium the more-active androgen, the 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), formed from testosterone (T) by the 5alpha-reductase enzyme (SRD5A), binds to AR and, upon homodimerization and nuclear translocation, recognizes the promoter of target genes modulating them. Testosterone 131-143 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 197-199 35066972-6 2022 These effects of Testosterone and DHT were reversed in the presence of the androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide. Testosterone 17-29 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 75-92 35558271-1 2022 Background: Androgen plays a critical role in the development and growth of prostate cancer (PCa) by binding to the androgen receptor, a steroid receptor for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 158-170 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 116-133 35200293-2 2022 Still, almost uniquely in men, the link between aggressiveness and the genetic background of testosterone sensitivity measured from the polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been previously investigated. Testosterone 93-105 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 156-173 35200293-2 2022 Still, almost uniquely in men, the link between aggressiveness and the genetic background of testosterone sensitivity measured from the polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been previously investigated. Testosterone 93-105 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 175-177 3263955-8 1988 The affinity of steroids for the androgen receptor decreased in the order of: R1881 (relative binding affinity: 100.0) greater than dihydrotestosterone (67.7) greater than progesterone (29.4) greater than testosterone (23.8) greater than estradiol (4.3) greater than triamcinolone acetonide (less than 0.1). Testosterone 139-151 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 33-50 34983378-2 2022 Testosterone signaling is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 42-59 34983378-2 2022 Testosterone signaling is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 61-63 2525511-2 1989 Apart from direct androgen receptor interaction, binding to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and displacement of testosterone could lead to an increase in free, metabolically active testosterone. Testosterone 185-197 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 18-35 2502458-4 1989 Testosterone also increased the androgen receptor protein concentration, but did not increase the expression of the androgen receptor mRNA. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 32-49 3106395-7 1987 When infertile men with low AR levels were matched with infertile men with normal receptor levels, the mean LH values were significantly elevated in the former, as was the LH-testosterone product. Testosterone 175-187 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 28-30 2976627-5 1988 An effective anti-androgen is one which blocks the androgen receptor-mediated actions of testosterone and DHT on skin. Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 51-68 3402389-7 1988 E2 competed with the specific uptake of [3H]testosterone in intact cells at an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 15 nM, thus indicating direct interaction of E2 with the androgen receptor. Testosterone 44-56 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 170-187 3499564-1 1987 In order to develop imaging agents for receptor-positive tumors of the breast and prostate, we have investigated the binding affinity of several fluorine-substituted steroids in the testosterone and nortestosterone series for the androgen receptor and the progesterone receptor. Testosterone 182-194 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 230-247 4040541-2 1985 It was found that danazol displaced testosterone (T) from SHBG and R1881 from androgen receptor, in vitro. Testosterone 36-48 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 78-95 3675074-1 1987 Androgen receptor analyses of foreskin homogenate from a boy with congenital growth hormone deficiency revealed at age 1 and 3 years a decreased number of cytosolic binding sites for testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), compared with controls of similar age. Testosterone 183-195 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 7043919-4 1981 For the effectiveness of testosterone the equipment of the in their function testosterone-depending cell types with androgen-receptor protein is necessary, the formation of which is conditioned by a gene lying on the X-chromosome. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 116-133 2410244-6 1985 When triamcinolone acetonide was induced in the binding medium, inhibition of mibolerone binding in the cytosol by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone was potentiated and this may imply that the binding observed in the presence of triamcinolone acetonide was responsible for the binding of the androgen receptor. Testosterone 115-127 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 295-312 6580856-7 1983 Very low levels of AR (levels comparable to those seen in complete Testicular Feminization) were found in two of three men with infertility associated with abnormally high serum testosterone levels. Testosterone 178-190 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 6887888-2 1983 Of these hormones, it is likely that testosterone is the androgen which initiates a series of androgen-receptor mediated events resulting in stimulation of 5 alpha reductase in the skin and hair follicles, producing dihydrotestosterone locally. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 94-111 7051848-7 1982 A variety of disorders influence the androgen receptor that mediates the action of both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 88-100 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 37-54 7043919-4 1981 For the effectiveness of testosterone the equipment of the in their function testosterone-depending cell types with androgen-receptor protein is necessary, the formation of which is conditioned by a gene lying on the X-chromosome. Testosterone 77-89 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 116-133 4410724-0 1974 [Relation between testosterone metabolism and dihydrotestosterone receptor in human breast tumors (author"s transl)]. Testosterone 18-30 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-74 7017379-9 1981 At least two types of X-linked disorders of the androgen receptor exist such that the actions of both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are impaired and developmental abnormalities may involve both Wolffian derivatives and the external genitalia as well. Testosterone 102-114 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 48-65 6448587-10 1980 A correlation between testosterone serum levels and androgen receptor levels of r = 0.77 and r = 0.66, respectively, was noted in the female and male acne patients. Testosterone 22-34 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 52-69 6448587-11 1980 The results of the present investigation suggest that androgen receptor levels play an important role in acne patients with normal testosterone serum levels. Testosterone 131-143 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-71 513759-0 1979 Role of testosterone binding to the androgen receptor in male sexual differentiation of patients with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-53 1002822-1 1976 Spironolactone (Aldactone) acts as an antiandrogen by blocking testosterone synthesis and competing with testosterone for the androgen receptor. Testosterone 105-117 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 126-143 6971289-9 1981 These findings suggest that the androgen receptor in placental cytosol is specific for testosterone. Testosterone 87-99 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 32-49 33938068-3 2021 The primary agonist of full-length AR is testosterone, whereas its splice variants - e.g. AR-v7 - implicated in cancer may lack ligand-binding domain and are thus devoid of proper hormonal control. Testosterone 41-53 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 35-37 4402348-2 1972 First, it was established that the adult Tfm animal, in contrast to the human with testicular feminization, has both a low serum testosterone and a low rate of testosterone formation as assessed in slices of testes utilizing a variety of precursors. Testosterone 129-141 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-44 4402348-2 1972 First, it was established that the adult Tfm animal, in contrast to the human with testicular feminization, has both a low serum testosterone and a low rate of testosterone formation as assessed in slices of testes utilizing a variety of precursors. Testosterone 160-172 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-44 34019661-2 2021 We determined the safety and efficacy of a selective androgen receptor modulator (OPK-88004) in symptomatic, testosterone-deficient men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for low grade, organ-confined prostate cancer. Testosterone 109-121 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 53-70 33998604-2 2021 Frontline therapies for metastatic PC deprive the AR of the activating ligands testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by limiting their biosynthesis or blocking AR binding. Testosterone 79-91 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-52 33714752-0 2021 Androgen receptor CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between free testosterone levels and cognition. Testosterone 84-96 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 33663874-2 2021 Diffuse androgen receptor expression in the tumor initiated a multidisciplinary discussion regarding the safety of continuing exogenous testosterone as gender-affirming hormone therapy. Testosterone 136-148 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 8-25 33714752-9 2021 These results highlight that individual variations in AR CAG repeat length should be considered in future studies and clinical trials that examine the complex relationship between testosterone and cognition. Testosterone 180-192 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-56 33694182-4 2021 The expression of CYP1A1, PSA, KLK2, TMPRSS2, and AR mRNA levels was decreased which results in reducing the production of PSA and DHT in the presence of testosterone. Testosterone 154-166 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-52 32979029-0 2021 Androgen receptor DNA methylation is an independent determinant of glucose metabolic disorders in women and testosterone plays moderation effects. Testosterone 108-120 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 33951564-2 2021 Many of testosterone"s effects are mediated by the classic nuclear androgen receptor (AR), which contains a polymorphic glutamine repeat (CAG repeat sequence) that varies significantly across individual men and confers differences in receptor function and therefore individual responsivity to T. We genotyped the AR CAG repeat length in 146 healthy adult men who also performed cognitive tests of mental rotation and spatial visualization. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-84 33951564-2 2021 Many of testosterone"s effects are mediated by the classic nuclear androgen receptor (AR), which contains a polymorphic glutamine repeat (CAG repeat sequence) that varies significantly across individual men and confers differences in receptor function and therefore individual responsivity to T. We genotyped the AR CAG repeat length in 146 healthy adult men who also performed cognitive tests of mental rotation and spatial visualization. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 86-88 33951564-2 2021 Many of testosterone"s effects are mediated by the classic nuclear androgen receptor (AR), which contains a polymorphic glutamine repeat (CAG repeat sequence) that varies significantly across individual men and confers differences in receptor function and therefore individual responsivity to T. We genotyped the AR CAG repeat length in 146 healthy adult men who also performed cognitive tests of mental rotation and spatial visualization. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 313-315 33617303-1 2021 PURPOSE: Prostate cancer (PCa) becomes resistant to androgen ablation through adaptive upregulation of the androgen receptor in response to the low-testosterone microenvironment. Testosterone 148-160 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 107-124 33989272-7 2021 Another interesting and disruptive approach to targeting the AR and potentially reversing resistance to second-generation AR antagonists is the cyclic administration of high-dose testosterone, known as bipolar androgen therapy, which is currently being explored in multiple ongoing trials. Testosterone 179-191 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 61-63 33989272-7 2021 Another interesting and disruptive approach to targeting the AR and potentially reversing resistance to second-generation AR antagonists is the cyclic administration of high-dose testosterone, known as bipolar androgen therapy, which is currently being explored in multiple ongoing trials. Testosterone 179-191 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 122-124 33009651-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Mediated via the androgen receptor on granulosa cells, models of small growing follicle stages demonstrate dependence on testosterone. Testosterone 133-145 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 29-46 32979029-2 2021 Testosterone can be acting through binding the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 47-64 32979029-2 2021 Testosterone can be acting through binding the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 66-68 33694182-6 2021 AST was able to repress the testosterone-induced transcription of AR-target genes. Testosterone 28-40 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 66-68 33453241-10 2021 SIGNIFICANCE: Testosterone acts via androgen receptor-dependent pathways to stimulate LXRalpha and downstream targets to induce cholesterol clearance in human macrophages. Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-53 33479808-2 2021 Exposure to excess testosterone in women has been linked to several disorders, including kidney disorder and acting undoubtedly through androgen receptor (AR), whereas the involvement of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is unclear. Testosterone 19-31 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 136-153 33479808-2 2021 Exposure to excess testosterone in women has been linked to several disorders, including kidney disorder and acting undoubtedly through androgen receptor (AR), whereas the involvement of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is unclear. Testosterone 19-31 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 155-157 33647767-6 2021 Testosterone was higher in subjects with AR long-polyQ, possibly indicating receptor resistance (p = 0.042 Mann-Whitney U test). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-43 33647767-10 2021 Failure of the endocrine feedback to overcome AR signaling defects by increasing testosterone levels during the infection leads to the polyQ tract becoming dominant to serum testosterone levels for the clinical outcome. Testosterone 81-93 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-48 33647767-10 2021 Failure of the endocrine feedback to overcome AR signaling defects by increasing testosterone levels during the infection leads to the polyQ tract becoming dominant to serum testosterone levels for the clinical outcome. Testosterone 174-186 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-48 33647767-11 2021 These results may contribute to designing reliable clinical and public health measures and provide a rationale to test testosterone as adjuvant therapy in men with COVID-19 expressing long AR polyQ repeats. Testosterone 119-131 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 189-191 33640491-3 2021 The AR is activated by androgens such as testosterone and controls prostatic cell proliferation and survival. Testosterone 41-53 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 33106582-1 2021 Here we present a transgender male adolescent with an androgen receptor-positive serous borderline ovarian tumour in the setting of testosterone treatment for medical gender transition. Testosterone 132-144 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-71 32776828-0 2020 Testosterone supplementation up-regulates androgen receptor expression and translational capacity during severe energy deficit. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 42-59 33613770-8 2021 The in vitro study indicated that testosterone promoted the proliferation of the AR-positive SKOV3 cell line, which could be blocked by flutamide, but not in the AR-negative A2780 cell line. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 81-83 33613770-9 2021 Next, we showed that testosterone-promoted proliferation in SKOV3 cells was abolished after we knocked out the AR. Testosterone 21-33 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 111-113 33613770-13 2021 Conclusion: We showed that testosterone was able to promote the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in an AR dependent manner and AR may be a screening indicator for anti-androgen therapy sensitive cases of EOC. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 158-160 33308019-7 2021 Thus, testosterone, possibly acting through AR activation, regulates multiple coponents of renal structure and ammonia metabolism. Testosterone 6-18 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 44-46 33302356-7 2020 The binding energy of DEHP with AR was similar to that of native ligand testosterone. Testosterone 72-84 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 32-34 33302356-9 2020 In addition, all the DEHP metabolites and testosterone showed a common hydrogen bonding interaction with amino-acid Arg-752 of AR. Testosterone 42-54 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 127-129 33011098-0 2020 Genetic Variation in the Androgen Receptor Modifies the Association Between Testosterone and Vitality in Middle-Aged Men. Testosterone 76-88 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 25-42 33011098-2 2020 AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between circulating testosterone levels and vitality would be moderated by the CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which influences the receptor"s sensitivity to testosterone. Testosterone 91-103 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 175-192 33011098-2 2020 AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between circulating testosterone levels and vitality would be moderated by the CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which influences the receptor"s sensitivity to testosterone. Testosterone 91-103 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 194-196 33011098-2 2020 AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between circulating testosterone levels and vitality would be moderated by the CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which influences the receptor"s sensitivity to testosterone. Testosterone 251-263 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 175-192 33011098-2 2020 AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between circulating testosterone levels and vitality would be moderated by the CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which influences the receptor"s sensitivity to testosterone. Testosterone 251-263 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 194-196 33011098-8 2020 RESULTS: We observed a significant interaction between salivary testosterone and the AR-CAG repeat length. Testosterone 64-76 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 85-87 33011098-11 2020 CLINICAL TRANSLATION: The observed interaction between testosterone and variation in the AR gene suggests that men with more sensitive ARs, as indicated by a shorter AR-CAG repeat, are more likely to experience symptoms of age-related testosterone deficiency. Testosterone 55-67 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 89-91 33011098-11 2020 CLINICAL TRANSLATION: The observed interaction between testosterone and variation in the AR gene suggests that men with more sensitive ARs, as indicated by a shorter AR-CAG repeat, are more likely to experience symptoms of age-related testosterone deficiency. Testosterone 55-67 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 135-137 33011098-11 2020 CLINICAL TRANSLATION: The observed interaction between testosterone and variation in the AR gene suggests that men with more sensitive ARs, as indicated by a shorter AR-CAG repeat, are more likely to experience symptoms of age-related testosterone deficiency. Testosterone 235-247 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 89-91 33011098-11 2020 CLINICAL TRANSLATION: The observed interaction between testosterone and variation in the AR gene suggests that men with more sensitive ARs, as indicated by a shorter AR-CAG repeat, are more likely to experience symptoms of age-related testosterone deficiency. Testosterone 235-247 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 135-137 33011098-14 2020 CONCLUSIONS: The association between testosterone and vitality appears to be clinically meaningful and is in part dependent on variation in the AR gene. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 144-146 33011098-16 2020 Genetic Variation in the Androgen Receptor Modifies the Association Between Testosterone and Vitality in Middle-Aged Men. Testosterone 76-88 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 25-42 32657051-8 2020 In addition, the genetic setting of the androgen receptor modulates the role of testosterone in aspects regarding mood and personality. Testosterone 80-92 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 40-57 33519525-4 2020 Highlighting the key role testosterone plays as a primary anabolic hormone in muscle adaptation following exercise training, through its interaction with anabolic signaling pathways and other hormones via the androgen receptor (AR), this review also describes the potential importance of fluctuations in other hormones such as GH and IGF-1 in concert with dietary amino acid availability; and the role of estrogen, under the influence of the menstrual cycle and menopause, being especially important in adaptive exercise responses in women. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 209-226 33519525-4 2020 Highlighting the key role testosterone plays as a primary anabolic hormone in muscle adaptation following exercise training, through its interaction with anabolic signaling pathways and other hormones via the androgen receptor (AR), this review also describes the potential importance of fluctuations in other hormones such as GH and IGF-1 in concert with dietary amino acid availability; and the role of estrogen, under the influence of the menstrual cycle and menopause, being especially important in adaptive exercise responses in women. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 228-230 32989230-6 2020 Irrespective of docetaxel-induced tubulin stabilisation, AR signalling by testosterone counteracted docetaxel efficacy. Testosterone 74-86 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 57-59 32681382-6 2020 Subgroup analyses based on the treatment type revealed that higher testosterone levels were significantly associated with better OS in CRPC patients treated with androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTAs) (pooled HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.75), but not in those treated with chemotherapy (pooled HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.53-1.14). Testosterone 67-79 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 162-179 32682830-12 2020 While in male, during the intrauterine period, activated AR by testosterone secretion from developing testes represses MCT-induced PXR activation and CYP3A induction, which may partially protect male fetus from MCT-induced hepatotoxicity. Testosterone 63-75 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 57-59 32470507-4 2020 Here we clarified how the hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, including FSH, testosterone and LH, regulate spermatogenesis via the androgen receptor, cAMP/PKA, PI3k/Akt signaling pathways in Sertoli cells. Testosterone 94-106 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 148-165 32785828-10 2020 Moreover, serum testosterone and DHT were reduced by 55% and 52%, respectively, with Fin and by 68% and 75%, respectively, with DAS, in concordance with decreased protein expression of androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Testosterone 16-28 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 185-202 32785828-10 2020 Moreover, serum testosterone and DHT were reduced by 55% and 52%, respectively, with Fin and by 68% and 75%, respectively, with DAS, in concordance with decreased protein expression of androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Testosterone 16-28 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 204-206 32881870-6 2020 Testosterone stimulation of GPR56 also activates the cAMP/ Protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, that is necessary for AR signaling. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 113-115 30104728-4 2020 Since testosterone can work directly via the androgen receptor (AR) or indirectly via the estrogen receptor through aromatase conversion to estradiol, we further examined how a potent non-aromatizable androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), acts via the AR to influence gene expression in human neural stem cells (hNSC)-particularly for genes of high-relevance for DMN circuitry. Testosterone 6-18 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 45-62 30104728-4 2020 Since testosterone can work directly via the androgen receptor (AR) or indirectly via the estrogen receptor through aromatase conversion to estradiol, we further examined how a potent non-aromatizable androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), acts via the AR to influence gene expression in human neural stem cells (hNSC)-particularly for genes of high-relevance for DMN circuitry. Testosterone 6-18 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 64-66 32521051-0 2020 Testosterone therapy considerations in estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptor positive breast cancer in a transgender male. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 66-83 33634254-6 2021 Higher CAG repeat number in exon-1 of the AR gene was associated with higher follow-up HbA1c2016 - each unit increase in CAG repeat-associated with an increment of 0.1% in HbA1C2016 (P = 0.04), independent of baseline testosterone. Testosterone 218-230 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 42-44 32454105-5 2020 We also observed that male and female urogenital sinus (UGS) responded differentially to testosterone treatment, demonstrating heterogeneous immunostaining for the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 164-181 32823970-4 2020 In this work, we leverage experimental data collected on 68 AR mutants, either observed in the clinic or described in the literature, to train a deep neural network (DNN) that predicts the response of these mutants to currently used and experimental anti-androgens and testosterone. Testosterone 269-281 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-62 32454105-5 2020 We also observed that male and female urogenital sinus (UGS) responded differentially to testosterone treatment, demonstrating heterogeneous immunostaining for the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 183-185 32476495-4 2020 Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have demonstrated similar results like testosterone at improving lean body mass (LBM) with less side effects on androgen-dependent tissue. Testosterone 86-98 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 10-27 31845837-7 2020 The total androgen receptor transcriptional activity secondary to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione was associated with time to castration resistance in patients from the PR.7 study (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.12-4.23, p=0.02) in multivariate analysis using the castration sensitive model (LAPC4). Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 10-27 32682485-0 2020 Androgen-receptor-positive hepatocellular carcinoma in a transgender teenager taking exogenous testosterone. Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 32645119-8 2020 The effects of testosterone on the contraction of immune cell numbers and activity were blocked by co-administration of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide and mimicked by treatment with dihydrotestosterone, which was also able to reduce the severity of IAV in female mice. Testosterone 15-27 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 124-141 31845837-5 2020 RESULTS: In LAPC4 and VCaP cells testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione induced androgen receptor transcriptional activity, while dehydroepiandrosterone, 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol, androstenediol and androsterone stimulated androgen receptor only in VCaP cells. Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 95-112 31845837-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Extragonadal steroids contribute significantly to the androgen receptor axis activation at castration levels of testosterone in recurrent nonmetastatic prostate cancer and these sustain the development of castration resistance after primary local treatment. Testosterone 125-137 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-84 31845837-5 2020 RESULTS: In LAPC4 and VCaP cells testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione induced androgen receptor transcriptional activity, while dehydroepiandrosterone, 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol, androstenediol and androsterone stimulated androgen receptor only in VCaP cells. Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 248-265 32146854-4 2021 In silico Molecular Dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the interaction mechanism between androgen receptor and ergosterol, in comparison with natural ligands, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. Testosterone 185-197 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 101-118 31810692-8 2020 The testosterone equivalents (TTEQs) derived from AR activation exceeded international drinking water trigger values. Testosterone 4-16 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-52 32070397-2 2020 Although ligand (testosterone)-dependent mutant AR aggregation has been shown to play important roles in motor neuronal degeneration by the analyses of transgenic mice models and in vitro cell culture models, the underlying disease mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated because of the discrepancy between model mice and SBMA patients. Testosterone 17-29 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 323-327 31712062-4 2020 The androgen receptor is a transcription factor activated by the testosterone metabolite 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and regulates the expression of genes related to sexual differentiation, growth and survival of prostate cells, and to a certain extent, cancer progression. Testosterone 65-77 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 31359506-0 2020 Revisiting the relationships of 2D:4D with androgen receptor (AR) gene and current testosterone levels: Replication study and meta-analyses. Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 43-60 31359506-0 2020 Revisiting the relationships of 2D:4D with androgen receptor (AR) gene and current testosterone levels: Replication study and meta-analyses. Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-64 32002120-0 2020 Evaluation of the genomic alterations in the androgen receptor gene during treatment with high-dose testosterone for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 45-62 31401253-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Androgen receptor mutations, which cause androgen insensitivity syndrome, impair the actions of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone, resulting in abnormal sexual development. Testosterone 122-134 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 12-29 31470217-11 2019 In the presence of testosterone the Cl and PFAA + Br mixtures at 1/10x, 1x, and 50x blood level antagonised AR translocation (P < 0.05). Testosterone 19-31 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 108-110 30209899-1 2019 Androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid receptor transcriptional factor for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone consisting of four main domains, the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, hinge region, and ligand-binding domain. Testosterone 72-84 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 31489669-0 2019 Purple rice extract inhibits testosterone-induced rat prostatic hyperplasia and growth of human prostate cancer cell line by reduction of androgen receptor activation. Testosterone 29-41 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 138-155 31470108-9 2019 An extra-nuclear pathway involved in the proliferation inhibition induced by AR activation in vascular endothelial cells was confirmed by showing that membrane-impermeable testosterone-bovine serum albumin (BSA) treatment significantly increased the levels of p53, p27 and p21 protein and reduced cell proliferation. Testosterone 172-184 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 77-79 31615010-3 2019 Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and converted testosterone by 5-alpha reductase type 2 (5AR2), binding with androgen receptor (AR), affect prostate proliferation and growth. Testosterone 7-19 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 102-119 31615010-3 2019 Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and converted testosterone by 5-alpha reductase type 2 (5AR2), binding with androgen receptor (AR), affect prostate proliferation and growth. Testosterone 7-19 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 83-85 31431014-1 2019 Androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone nuclear receptor which upon binding its endogenous androgenic ligands (agonists), testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), alters gene transcription, producing a diverse range of biological effects. Testosterone 126-138 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 31431014-1 2019 Androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone nuclear receptor which upon binding its endogenous androgenic ligands (agonists), testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), alters gene transcription, producing a diverse range of biological effects. Testosterone 126-138 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 31376206-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Testosterone is a driver of prostate cancer (PC) growth via ligand-mediated activation of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 106-123 31376206-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Testosterone is a driver of prostate cancer (PC) growth via ligand-mediated activation of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 125-127 31376206-3 2019 However, AR activation requires an optimal intracellular concentration of androgens, a situation challenged by low circulating testosterone concentrations. Testosterone 127-139 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 9-11 30209899-1 2019 Androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid receptor transcriptional factor for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone consisting of four main domains, the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, hinge region, and ligand-binding domain. Testosterone 72-84 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 30996158-1 2019 Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a progressive hereditary neuromuscular disease caused by the testosterone-dependent accumulation of pathogenic polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor protein. Testosterone 106-118 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-40 31555580-2 2019 The prostate is a hormone-dependent gland in which androgen hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to and activate the androgen receptor, initiating nuclear translocation of androgen receptor and a subsequent signaling cascade. Testosterone 69-81 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 131-148 31555580-2 2019 The prostate is a hormone-dependent gland in which androgen hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to and activate the androgen receptor, initiating nuclear translocation of androgen receptor and a subsequent signaling cascade. Testosterone 69-81 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 186-203 30996158-1 2019 Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a progressive hereditary neuromuscular disease caused by the testosterone-dependent accumulation of pathogenic polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor protein. Testosterone 106-118 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 179-196 31251826-1 2019 PURPOSE: Our study aims to investigate the association between copy number of the androgen receptor (AR) and testosterone levels in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with second-generation antiandrogen therapies. Testosterone 109-121 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 82-99 31251826-1 2019 PURPOSE: Our study aims to investigate the association between copy number of the androgen receptor (AR) and testosterone levels in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with second-generation antiandrogen therapies. Testosterone 109-121 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 101-103 31096185-1 2019 Evidence has been accumulating that, in men, some of the biological actions traditionally attributed to testosterone acting via the androgen receptor may in fact be dependent on its aromatization to estradiol (E2). Testosterone 104-116 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 132-149 31030566-4 2019 Given the fact that testosterone functions are mediated via androgen receptor (AR), the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the CAG/GGN triple repeat expansion in AR gene can modulate the response to hCG and testosterone treatment in HH men. Testosterone 20-32 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-77 31030566-4 2019 Given the fact that testosterone functions are mediated via androgen receptor (AR), the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the CAG/GGN triple repeat expansion in AR gene can modulate the response to hCG and testosterone treatment in HH men. Testosterone 20-32 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 79-81 31030566-4 2019 Given the fact that testosterone functions are mediated via androgen receptor (AR), the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the CAG/GGN triple repeat expansion in AR gene can modulate the response to hCG and testosterone treatment in HH men. Testosterone 20-32 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 176-178 31030566-4 2019 Given the fact that testosterone functions are mediated via androgen receptor (AR), the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the CAG/GGN triple repeat expansion in AR gene can modulate the response to hCG and testosterone treatment in HH men. Testosterone 221-233 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-77 31030566-4 2019 Given the fact that testosterone functions are mediated via androgen receptor (AR), the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the CAG/GGN triple repeat expansion in AR gene can modulate the response to hCG and testosterone treatment in HH men. Testosterone 221-233 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 176-178 30483800-2 2019 The transcription factor zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is also involved in regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, the main ligands of which are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 225-237 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 160-177 31103335-4 2019 We determined whether serum testosterone influenced the outcomes of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy. Testosterone 28-40 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 68-85 31103335-4 2019 We determined whether serum testosterone influenced the outcomes of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy. Testosterone 28-40 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 87-89 30789780-2 2019 Using a psychopharmacogenetic approach, we found that testosterone increases aggression in men ( N = 308) with select personality profiles and that these effects are further enhanced among those with fewer cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, a polymorphism associated with increased AR efficiency. Testosterone 54-66 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 262-279 30789780-2 2019 Using a psychopharmacogenetic approach, we found that testosterone increases aggression in men ( N = 308) with select personality profiles and that these effects are further enhanced among those with fewer cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, a polymorphism associated with increased AR efficiency. Testosterone 54-66 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 281-283 30789780-2 2019 Using a psychopharmacogenetic approach, we found that testosterone increases aggression in men ( N = 308) with select personality profiles and that these effects are further enhanced among those with fewer cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, a polymorphism associated with increased AR efficiency. Testosterone 54-66 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 332-334 30789780-4 2019 Testosterone thus appears to promote human aggression through an AR-related mechanism and to have stronger effects in men with the select personality profiles because it more strongly upregulates the subjective pleasure they derive from aggression. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 65-67 31019916-2 2019 Testosterone signals via androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 25-42 31019916-2 2019 Testosterone signals via androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 44-46 31019916-3 2019 A functional variant in the AR gene (CAG trinucleotide repeat polymorphism) is associated with circulating testosterone and mood-related symptoms in healthy people. Testosterone 107-119 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 28-30 31019916-5 2019 We assessed the interaction of a functional AR gene variant and adjunctive raloxifene on peripheral testosterone and symptom severity in schizophrenia. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 44-46 31019916-11 2019 Sex-specific alterations of the relationship between AR CAG repeat length and testosterone suggest that altered AR activity may impact perceived stress in men with schizophrenia. Testosterone 78-90 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 53-55 31019916-11 2019 Sex-specific alterations of the relationship between AR CAG repeat length and testosterone suggest that altered AR activity may impact perceived stress in men with schizophrenia. Testosterone 78-90 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 112-114 31103335-8 2019 CONCLUSION: Patients with a serum testosterone level >=5 ng/dl were more likely to receive therapeutic benefits from AR-targeted therapy compared to those with serum testosterone levels <5 ng/dl. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 120-122 31103335-8 2019 CONCLUSION: Patients with a serum testosterone level >=5 ng/dl were more likely to receive therapeutic benefits from AR-targeted therapy compared to those with serum testosterone levels <5 ng/dl. Testosterone 169-181 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 120-122 30909145-9 2019 Furthermore, in vitro studies showed a synergistic effect of testosterone and estradiol on GDF-15 secretion, and demonstrated that testosterone association with estradiol decreased GDF-15 secretion through androgen receptor/estrogen receptor-mediated pathways. Testosterone 131-143 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 206-223 31191617-3 2019 Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and plays an increasingly important role in mammalian development through its interaction with androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-157 31191617-3 2019 Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and plays an increasingly important role in mammalian development through its interaction with androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 159-161 31191617-9 2019 Taken together, testosterone may be involved in the pathway linking PGC1alpha to mitochondrial biogenesis through the interaction between AR and TFAM. Testosterone 16-28 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 138-140 30446464-0 2019 Serum testosterone level as possible predictive marker in androgen receptor axis-targeting agents and taxane chemotherapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Testosterone 6-18 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 58-75 30446464-2 2019 Therefore, we aimed to reveal the association between pretreatment serum testosterone level and antitumor outcomes when treated with androgen receptor axis-targeting agents and taxane chemotherapies for CRPC. Testosterone 73-85 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 133-150 30446464-7 2019 CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated distinct prognostic values of serum testosterone level when treated with androgen receptor axis-targeting agent and taxane chemotherapy for CRPC, suggesting that serum testosterone level may be useful predictive biomarker to navigate the appropriate therapy in patients with CRPC. Testosterone 77-89 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 114-131 30446464-7 2019 CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated distinct prognostic values of serum testosterone level when treated with androgen receptor axis-targeting agent and taxane chemotherapy for CRPC, suggesting that serum testosterone level may be useful predictive biomarker to navigate the appropriate therapy in patients with CRPC. Testosterone 209-221 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 114-131 30778332-0 2019 Testosterone Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Through Androgen Receptor Activation. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 87-104 30483800-2 2019 The transcription factor zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is also involved in regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, the main ligands of which are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 225-237 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 179-181 30185422-1 2018 PURPOSE: Testosterone suppression in prostate cancer is limited by serious side effects and resistance via restoration of androgen receptor (AR) functionality. Testosterone 9-21 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 122-139 30659171-6 2019 The methylation status of the androgen receptor gene was also higher in child sexual offenders, indicating lower functionality of the testosterone system, accompanied by lower peripheral testosterone levels. Testosterone 134-146 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 30-47 30659171-6 2019 The methylation status of the androgen receptor gene was also higher in child sexual offenders, indicating lower functionality of the testosterone system, accompanied by lower peripheral testosterone levels. Testosterone 187-199 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 30-47 30775248-1 2019 Prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression rely on the interaction between the androgen receptor (AR) and the testicular ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 132-144 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 81-98 30775248-1 2019 Prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression rely on the interaction between the androgen receptor (AR) and the testicular ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 132-144 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 100-102 30775248-3 2019 ADT lowers circulating testosterone levels, which impairs AR activation and leads to PCa regression. Testosterone 23-35 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 58-60 30423122-7 2019 Pretreatment with flutamide, as well as knockdown of androgen receptor, decreased testosterone-induced DR5 and CHOP expression, as well as apoptosis. Testosterone 82-94 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 53-70 30601759-6 2019 In males, testosterone action on AR in beta cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by potentiating the insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1. Testosterone 10-22 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 33-35 30601759-7 2019 In females, excess testosterone action via AR in beta cells promotes insulin hypersecretion leading to oxidative injury, which in turn predisposes to T2D. Testosterone 19-31 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 43-45 30185422-1 2018 PURPOSE: Testosterone suppression in prostate cancer is limited by serious side effects and resistance via restoration of androgen receptor (AR) functionality. Testosterone 9-21 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 141-143 30519360-15 2018 The SDA/DOC combination down regulated testosterone (T)-induced AR and troglitazone-induced PPARgamma protein expression when compared to using the drugs singly. Testosterone 39-51 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 64-66 30262433-2 2018 They express the classical androgen receptor (AR) and ZIP9, a Zn2+ transporter that also binds testosterone and mediates signaling by interacting with G-proteins. Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 27-44 30262433-2 2018 They express the classical androgen receptor (AR) and ZIP9, a Zn2+ transporter that also binds testosterone and mediates signaling by interacting with G-proteins. Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-48 29777728-0 2018 Testosterone induced downregulation of migration and proliferation in human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Androgen Receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 112-129 30211042-10 2018 There was a direct correlation of AR and TIE-2 expression levels with serum testosterone levels (rho 0.685, P=0.029, and rho 0.773, P=0.005, respectively). Testosterone 76-88 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 34-36 30058741-0 2018 17beta-Estradiol inhibits testosterone-induced cell proliferation in HepG2 by modulating the relative ratios of 3 estrogen receptor isoforms to the androgen receptor. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 148-165 30415810-1 2018 INTRODUCTION: The effect of testosterone depends on the exposure of and the sensitivity of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 28-40 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 95-112 30415810-1 2018 INTRODUCTION: The effect of testosterone depends on the exposure of and the sensitivity of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 28-40 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 114-116 30325182-7 2018 Taken together, these data strongly implicate AR-mediated testosterone action as an important pathway contributing to clinical manifestation of preeclampsia. Testosterone 58-70 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-48 30127088-3 2018 Previous studies showed that testosterone, signaling through the androgen receptor (AR), decreased Th2-mediated allergic inflammation and type 2 innate immune responses during allergic inflammation. Testosterone 29-41 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 65-82 30127088-3 2018 Previous studies showed that testosterone, signaling through the androgen receptor (AR), decreased Th2-mediated allergic inflammation and type 2 innate immune responses during allergic inflammation. Testosterone 29-41 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 84-86 30319126-2 2018 Nevertheless, after an initial response and despite maintaining an effective testosterone suppression, the tumor is able to continue growing.Enzalutamide is an oral second generation pure antiandrogen that acts at various levels in the signal activation cascade of the androgen receptor and has demonstrated being effective in this phase of the disease. Testosterone 77-89 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 269-286 29706560-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Testosterone action is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), whose sensitivity is influenced by the AR CAG repeat polymorphism. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 56-73 29706560-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Testosterone action is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), whose sensitivity is influenced by the AR CAG repeat polymorphism. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 75-77 29706560-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Testosterone action is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), whose sensitivity is influenced by the AR CAG repeat polymorphism. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 119-121 29886316-21 2018 AR genotyping could help us to identify patients at risk of POR and POR patients that could benefit from transdermal testosterone pretreatment. Testosterone 117-129 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-2 30054487-4 2018 AR binds testosterone and other male hormones, which then undergoes post-translational modification for AR nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation. Testosterone 9-21 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-2 30054487-4 2018 AR binds testosterone and other male hormones, which then undergoes post-translational modification for AR nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation. Testosterone 9-21 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 104-106 30022953-7 2018 Higher intramuscular androgen receptor protein content has been reported in high versus low responders following training, and this mechanism may enhance the hypertrophic effects of testosterone during training. Testosterone 182-194 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 21-38 29083935-0 2018 Tri-nucleotide consortium of androgen receptor is associated with low serum FSH and testosterone in asthenospermic men. Testosterone 84-96 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 29-46 27489169-1 2018 Testosterone, an androgen that directly binds to the androgen receptor, has been shown in previous small randomized controlled trials to increase the reproductive outcomes of poor ovarian responders. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 53-70 29967592-7 2018 The tumor adapts to surviving under low testosterone conditions by selecting for mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) that constitutively activate it. Testosterone 40-52 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 98-115 29967592-7 2018 The tumor adapts to surviving under low testosterone conditions by selecting for mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) that constitutively activate it. Testosterone 40-52 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 117-119 29659830-4 2018 We also found weak evidence for association (beta = 0.06; P = 0.02) between 2D:4D ratio and sensitivity to testosterone [length of the CAG microsatellite repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene] in females only. Testosterone 107-119 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 168-185 29659830-4 2018 We also found weak evidence for association (beta = 0.06; P = 0.02) between 2D:4D ratio and sensitivity to testosterone [length of the CAG microsatellite repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene] in females only. Testosterone 107-119 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 187-189 28789969-2 2018 The actions of testosterone are mediated, primarily, through the androgen receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Testosterone 15-27 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 65-82 29732458-8 2018 Excess endogenous testosterone exposure in girls and women with TS may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma expressing the androgen receptor, though normalizing testosterone levels may not lead to tumor regression in these cases. Testosterone 18-30 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 130-147 32720303-1 2018 Testosterone, an androgen that directly binds to the androgen receptor, has been shown in previous small randomized controlled trials to increase the reproductive outcomes of poor ovarian responders. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 53-70 29799288-5 2018 Testosterone has an effect in protecting neurons in culture against glutamate-induced toxicity and oxidative stress, and stimulates myelin formation and regeneration mediated through the neural androgen receptor. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 194-211 29436770-3 2018 Androgens [both testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT)] bind the same androgen receptor. Testosterone 16-28 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 88-105 28624515-2 2018 AR ligands, which include circulating testosterone and locally synthesized dihydrotestosterone, bind to and activate the AR to elicit their effects. Testosterone 38-50 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-2 28624515-2 2018 AR ligands, which include circulating testosterone and locally synthesized dihydrotestosterone, bind to and activate the AR to elicit their effects. Testosterone 38-50 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 121-123 28224307-7 2017 While this substantial mobilization of testosterone is brief, its effects are seen for several hours through the upregulation of the androgen receptor. Testosterone 39-51 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 133-150 29556396-0 2018 Longer trinucleotide repeats of androgen receptor are associated with higher testosterone and low oxytocin levels in diabetic premature ejaculatory dysfunction patients. Testosterone 77-89 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 32-49 29194490-0 2018 The Response of Prostate Smooth Muscle Cells to Testosterone Is Determined by the Subcellular Distribution of the Androgen Receptor. Testosterone 48-60 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 114-131 29194490-2 2018 Testosterone can act through the classic androgen receptor (AR) in the cytoplasm, eliciting genomic signaling, or through different types of receptors located at the plasma membrane for nongenomic signaling. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-58 29194490-2 2018 Testosterone can act through the classic androgen receptor (AR) in the cytoplasm, eliciting genomic signaling, or through different types of receptors located at the plasma membrane for nongenomic signaling. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-62 29133842-7 2017 This 5-HT"s inhibitory mechanism is also present in human cells of normal prostate and BPH, namely in cell lines expressing AR when treated with testosterone. Testosterone 145-157 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 124-126 28924064-2 2017 The androgen receptor is the primary driver of tumor cell proliferation and is activated by the androgens testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 106-118 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 28511915-2 2017 SBMA is triggered by the binding of mutant AR to its natural ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 28511915-2 2017 SBMA is triggered by the binding of mutant AR to its natural ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 43-45 28447621-9 2017 These results suggest that the fact that OXT and testosterone appear to have opposite effects in neuropsychiatric disorders might be based upon a direct inhibition of AR on OXT transcription, which may provide a novel target for therapeutic strategies in depression. Testosterone 49-61 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 167-169 29357549-0 2018 Re: Low Testosterone Levels Result in Decreased Periurethral Vascularity via an Androgen Receptor-Mediated Process: Pilot Study in Urethral Stricture Tissue. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 80-97 29346776-6 2018 Genetically silencing isoform 2 shifts the metabolic balance toward 17beta-OH androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone), stimulating androgen receptor (AR) and CRPC development. Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-157 29346776-6 2018 Genetically silencing isoform 2 shifts the metabolic balance toward 17beta-OH androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone), stimulating androgen receptor (AR) and CRPC development. Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 159-161 28914204-5 2018 The presence of testosterone, androgen receptor and its responsive genes indicates that testosterone has biological functions in the central nervous system. Testosterone 88-100 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 30-47 28406697-4 2017 The aim of this paper was to uncover the possible relationship between not only the actual plasma testosterone levels, but also the prenatal testosterone level (expressed as 2D:4D ratio) and the sensitivity of androgen receptor and love typology in young healthy men. Testosterone 98-110 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 210-227 28406697-4 2017 The aim of this paper was to uncover the possible relationship between not only the actual plasma testosterone levels, but also the prenatal testosterone level (expressed as 2D:4D ratio) and the sensitivity of androgen receptor and love typology in young healthy men. Testosterone 141-153 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 210-227 28263822-9 2017 CONCLUSION: Men with low testosterone levels demonstrate decreased AR and TIE-2 expression and lower vessel counts in periurethral tissue samples of urethral strictures. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-69 28324702-2 2017 In light of the connection between testosterone levels and utilitarian moral judgment, this study examined to what extent a CAG polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene, a genetic polymorphism with the ability to regulate testosterone function, contributes to individual differences in moral judgment. Testosterone 224-236 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 148-165 28263822-7 2017 Expression levels of AR and TIE-2 were directly correlated to testosterone levels (rho: 0.685, P = .029, and rho: 0.773, P = .005, respectively). Testosterone 62-74 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 21-23 28040353-0 2017 Prostate-specific Antigen Response and Eradication of Androgen Receptor Amplification with High-dose Testosterone in Prostate Cancer. Testosterone 101-113 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-71 27702564-7 2017 Participants were also genotyped for the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene, known to influence the efficacy of testosterone signaling in a reciprocal relationship to the number of CAG repeats. Testosterone 131-143 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 72-89 28263822-0 2017 Low Testosterone Levels Result in Decreased Periurethral Vascularity via an Androgen Receptor-mediated Process: Pilot Study in Urethral Stricture Tissue. Testosterone 4-16 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 76-93 28478275-11 2017 We have identified multiple AR activators, including known AR agonists such as testosterone, as well as novel/not well-known compounds such as prulifloxacin. Testosterone 79-91 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 28-30 28478275-11 2017 We have identified multiple AR activators, including known AR agonists such as testosterone, as well as novel/not well-known compounds such as prulifloxacin. Testosterone 79-91 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 59-61 28295144-0 2017 Androgen receptor polyglutamine repeat length (AR-CAGn) modulates the effect of testosterone on androgen-associated somatic traits in Filipino young adult men. Testosterone 80-92 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 28295144-0 2017 Androgen receptor polyglutamine repeat length (AR-CAGn) modulates the effect of testosterone on androgen-associated somatic traits in Filipino young adult men. Testosterone 80-92 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 47-49 28334513-1 2017 Androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that is activated upon binding to testosterone (T) and is implicated in regulating the expression of reproduction-related genes. Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 28334513-1 2017 Androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that is activated upon binding to testosterone (T) and is implicated in regulating the expression of reproduction-related genes. Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 28465296-3 2017 Recent clinical and preclinical studies have taken advantage of the dichotomous ability of AR signaling to elicit growth-suppressive and differentiating effects by administering hyperphysiologic levels of testosterone. Testosterone 205-217 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-93 28324044-1 2017 5alpha-Reductase types 1 and 2, encoded by SRD5A1 and SRD5A2, are the two enzymes that can catalyze the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen receptor (AR) agonist in prostate cells. Testosterone 118-130 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 171-188 28324044-1 2017 5alpha-Reductase types 1 and 2, encoded by SRD5A1 and SRD5A2, are the two enzymes that can catalyze the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen receptor (AR) agonist in prostate cells. Testosterone 118-130 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 190-192 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 45-57 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 71-88 28153489-7 2017 Such a mechanism is completely different from classical endocrinology well understood in men where testosterone of testicular origin is transported through the blood and has indiscriminate access to the androgen receptor (AR) in all AR-containing cells of the body. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 203-220 28153489-7 2017 Such a mechanism is completely different from classical endocrinology well understood in men where testosterone of testicular origin is transported through the blood and has indiscriminate access to the androgen receptor (AR) in all AR-containing cells of the body. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 222-224 28153489-7 2017 Such a mechanism is completely different from classical endocrinology well understood in men where testosterone of testicular origin is transported through the blood and has indiscriminate access to the androgen receptor (AR) in all AR-containing cells of the body. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 233-235 28253524-7 2017 Using ELISA, the levels of intracellular testosterone and dihydrotesterone were measured in AR-positive human RCC cell lines. Testosterone 41-53 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 92-94 28253524-10 2017 Next, AR-positive human RCC cell lines and tissues were found to have elevated levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and express key enzymes required for intracellular androgen biosynthesis. Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 6-8 28179813-5 2016 We also discuss how the metabolic effect of testosterone is centrally mediated via the androgen receptor. Testosterone 44-56 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 87-104 27473672-0 2016 Growth Inhibition by Testosterone in an Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-Driven Prostate Cancer Model. Testosterone 21-33 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 40-57 27473672-13 2016 Testosterone induced rapid downregulation of both AR-FL and AR-V7 expression at physiological concentrations and suppressed expression of the AR target gene KLK3. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-52 27473672-14 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the clinical value of testosterone therapy, including bipolar androgen therapy, in the treatment of AR-overexpressed CRPC driven by AR splice variants that are not clinically actionable at present. Testosterone 56-68 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 134-136 27473672-14 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the clinical value of testosterone therapy, including bipolar androgen therapy, in the treatment of AR-overexpressed CRPC driven by AR splice variants that are not clinically actionable at present. Testosterone 56-68 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 166-168 27617558-2 2016 In some cases, the tumor progresses despite castration levels of serum testosterone, turning into the lethal phenotype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), still driven by androgens and requiring the androgen receptor as a driver and responsible for progression. Testosterone 71-83 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 211-228 27856715-4 2017 Testosterone is the primary anabolic hormone, and its concentration changes during the recovery period depending on the upregulation or downregulation of the androgen receptor. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 158-175 27519632-2 2017 However, recent evidence has demonstrated that 11OHA4 is the precursor to the potent androgenic 11-oxygenated steroids, 11-ketotestosterone and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone, that bind and activate the human androgen receptor similarly to testosterone and DHT. Testosterone 127-139 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 205-222 27634944-3 2016 OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the AR CAG repeat length is associated with longitudinal changes in endpoints that are influenced by testosterone (T) levels in middle-aged and elderly European men. Testosterone 130-142 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 33-35 27473672-13 2016 Testosterone induced rapid downregulation of both AR-FL and AR-V7 expression at physiological concentrations and suppressed expression of the AR target gene KLK3. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-55 27322522-6 2016 Reduced testosterone abrogated its inhibitor feedback effect on the synthesis of GnRH in spleen, as evidenced by increased (P<0.05) protein content and mRNA expressions of GnRH, and simultaneously decreased (P<0.05) mRNA expressions of androgen receptor in spleen. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 242-259 27166396-0 2016 Testosterone in Androgen Receptor Signaling and DNA Repair: Enemy or Frenemy? Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 16-33 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 45-57 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 90-92 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 45-57 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 135-137 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 59-61 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 71-88 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 59-61 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 90-92 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 59-61 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 135-137 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 169-171 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 71-88 27313760-4 2016 The inhibitory effects of these compounds on testosterone (TT)-induced androgen receptor (AR) activity was determined by performing an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone 169-171 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 90-92 27095121-0 2016 Ablation of the androgen receptor from vascular smooth muscle cells demonstrates a role for testosterone in vascular calcification. Testosterone 92-104 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 16-33 27239218-3 2016 Moreover, it is very well known that DHEA can be metabolized to androgens like testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and its metabolites 3alpha-diol and 3beta-diol, which exert their function through the binding of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 79-91 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 222-239 27239218-3 2016 Moreover, it is very well known that DHEA can be metabolized to androgens like testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and its metabolites 3alpha-diol and 3beta-diol, which exert their function through the binding of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 79-91 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 241-243 27269926-0 2016 [Effect of epidermal growth factor and testosterone on androgen receptor activation in urethral plate fibroblasts in hypospadias]. Testosterone 39-51 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 55-72 27269926-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate androgen receptor (AR) expression and the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and testosterone on AR expression level. Testosterone 112-124 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 128-130 27269926-6 2016 Under the concentration of 3x10(-6) mol/L, the effects of testosterone on AR activation were dramatically different in the three groups (control group>distal hypospadias group>proximal hypospadias group, P<0.001). Testosterone 58-70 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 74-76 27269926-7 2016 AR activation level in the group of proximal hypospadias was improved most obviously when EGF and physiological concentration of testosterone were employed in the urethral plate fibroblasts from hypospadias patients (P<0.001), and it was improved more in the distal hypospadias group than that in the control group (P=0.02). Testosterone 129-141 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-2 26363809-2 2016 It is well known that androgen receptor is still active in most patients with disease progression and serum testosterone levels <50 ng/dL. Testosterone 108-120 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 22-39 26461438-1 2016 In a previous study, we found a dose-dependent synergistic effect in recombinant yeast stably transfected with the human androgen receptor (AR), in response to co-exposure to testosterone and a commercially-available lubricant (engine) oil for cars. Testosterone 175-187 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 121-138 26162521-0 2016 Acute endothelial response to testosterone gel administration in men with severe hypogonadism and its relationship to androgen receptor polymorphism: a pilot study. Testosterone 30-42 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 118-135 26563449-5 2016 The AR-PolyQ toxicity is activated by the AR ligand testosterone and dihydrotestosterone that activate the receptor and triggers nuclear toxicity by inducing AR nuclear translocation. Testosterone 52-64 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 26563449-5 2016 The AR-PolyQ toxicity is activated by the AR ligand testosterone and dihydrotestosterone that activate the receptor and triggers nuclear toxicity by inducing AR nuclear translocation. Testosterone 52-64 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 42-44 26563449-5 2016 The AR-PolyQ toxicity is activated by the AR ligand testosterone and dihydrotestosterone that activate the receptor and triggers nuclear toxicity by inducing AR nuclear translocation. Testosterone 52-64 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 42-44 27057074-1 2016 The actions of androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are mediated via the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor and member of the steroid hormone nuclear receptor family. Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-108 27057074-1 2016 The actions of androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are mediated via the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor and member of the steroid hormone nuclear receptor family. Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 110-112 26461438-1 2016 In a previous study, we found a dose-dependent synergistic effect in recombinant yeast stably transfected with the human androgen receptor (AR), in response to co-exposure to testosterone and a commercially-available lubricant (engine) oil for cars. Testosterone 175-187 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-142 26746999-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone protects cardiomyocytes against senescence caused by doxorubicin at least in part by modulating telomere binding factor 2 via a pathway involving the androgen receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, AKT, and nitric oxide synthase 3. Testosterone 13-25 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 176-193 26100787-9 2016 The results showed that both high-dose (100 nM) testosterone and testosterone-BSA increased glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the PM, independently of the intracellular AR. Testosterone 48-60 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 177-179 26746999-6 2016 Pretreatment with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide, the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor LY294002, and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester abrogated the reduction in senescence and the normalization of telomere binding factor 2 levels attained by testosterone. Testosterone 296-308 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 22-39 26343110-1 2016 The androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway remains a key driver of prostate cancer progression despite castrate levels of testosterone in advanced disease. Testosterone 125-137 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 26593949-5 2015 While persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling under castration levels of serum testosterone (<50 ng/mL) contributes to resistance to ADT, it is also clear that CRPC evolves via complex mechanisms. Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 17-34 26593949-5 2015 While persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling under castration levels of serum testosterone (<50 ng/mL) contributes to resistance to ADT, it is also clear that CRPC evolves via complex mechanisms. Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-38 26232868-6 2015 The results suggest that sex steroid receptors can potentially influence midbrain dopamine biosynthesis, and higher levels of serum testosterone are linked to better discrimination of motivationally-relevant signals in the ventral striatum, putatively by modulation of the dopamine biosynthesis pathway via AR ligand binding. Testosterone 132-144 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 307-309 26197461-2 2015 The aim of this study is to investigate AR gene mutations in 46,XY DSD patients with normal testosterone secretion, either normal or high testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) ratio and normal SRD5A2 gene analysis, collectively, suggestive of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Testosterone 92-104 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 40-42 26052734-1 2015 The physiological androgens testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone regulate the development and maintenance of primary and secondary male sexual characteristics through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Testosterone 28-40 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 189-206 26197461-2 2015 The aim of this study is to investigate AR gene mutations in 46,XY DSD patients with normal testosterone secretion, either normal or high testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) ratio and normal SRD5A2 gene analysis, collectively, suggestive of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Testosterone 138-150 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 40-42 26199450-7 2015 The inhibitory effect of testosterone was abolished by androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 55-72 26216079-2 2015 However, the effects of testosterone can be modulated by androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat polymorphism. Testosterone 24-36 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 57-74 26216079-2 2015 However, the effects of testosterone can be modulated by androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat polymorphism. Testosterone 24-36 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 76-78 26216079-12 2015 When TT levels were above 330 ng/dL, the effect of testosterone level on erectile function seemed to reach a plateau and a significantly negative correlation between AR CAG repeat length and the score of IIEF-5 was found (r = -0.119, p = 0.034). Testosterone 5-7 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 166-168 26216079-12 2015 When TT levels were above 330 ng/dL, the effect of testosterone level on erectile function seemed to reach a plateau and a significantly negative correlation between AR CAG repeat length and the score of IIEF-5 was found (r = -0.119, p = 0.034). Testosterone 51-63 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 166-168 26216079-15 2015 In subjects with normal TT concentration, those with longer AR CAG repeat lengths have a higher risk of developing ED. Testosterone 24-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-62 26052734-1 2015 The physiological androgens testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone regulate the development and maintenance of primary and secondary male sexual characteristics through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Testosterone 28-40 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 208-210 25955224-13 2015 Testosterone pretreatment increased androgen receptor expression (P = .028) compared with that for the previous cycle without priming. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-53 25890275-2 2015 This study has two objectives: a) to analyse the interactions between testosterone levels and CAG repeat length polymorphism as a modulator of androgen receptor (AR) sensitivity with regard to impulsiveness traits, and b) to evaluate the contribution of other biological variables as Luteinising Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (LF, FSH, SHBG) and albumin in the relationship between testosterone levels and AR CAG length polymorphism with impulsiveness. Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 143-160 25890275-2 2015 This study has two objectives: a) to analyse the interactions between testosterone levels and CAG repeat length polymorphism as a modulator of androgen receptor (AR) sensitivity with regard to impulsiveness traits, and b) to evaluate the contribution of other biological variables as Luteinising Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (LF, FSH, SHBG) and albumin in the relationship between testosterone levels and AR CAG length polymorphism with impulsiveness. Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 162-164 26137992-5 2015 ODM-201 is a full and high-affinity AR antagonist that, similar to second-generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and ARN-509, inhibits testosterone-induced nuclear translocation of AR. Testosterone 134-146 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-38 26137992-5 2015 ODM-201 is a full and high-affinity AR antagonist that, similar to second-generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and ARN-509, inhibits testosterone-induced nuclear translocation of AR. Testosterone 134-146 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 116-118 25552498-8 2015 Taken together, our current study presented the first evidence that the lncRNA CTBP1-AS, a novel AR modulator, is associated with PCOS in Chinese population and established the possibility that abnormal CTBP1-AS expression is a risk factor for PCOS and it is a predictor of variability in serum TT level in Chinese women with PCOS. Testosterone 295-297 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 97-99 25954128-3 2015 Blocking of AR using bicalutamide abolished testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Testosterone 44-56 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 12-14 26152357-0 2015 Platelet-Synthesized Testosterone in Men with Prostate Cancer Induces Androgen Receptor Signaling. Testosterone 21-33 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 70-87 25954128-4 2015 In addition, knockdown of AR blocked testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 26-28 25936143-1 2015 The biological actions of testosterone(T) and estrogens(E) are mediated via androgen receptor(AR) and estrogen receptor(ER), respectively. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 76-97 25460030-4 2015 It is hypothesized that a polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene, encoded by the nucleotides cysteine, adenine, and guanine (CAG), influence the effect of testosterone on sexual functioning. Testosterone 160-172 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 47-64 26816820-1 2015 The literature suggests that the serum testosterone level required for maximum androgen receptor (AR) binding may be in the range of nanomolar and above this range of concentrations; this sexual hormone may not significantly affect tumour biology. Testosterone 39-51 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 79-96 26816820-1 2015 The literature suggests that the serum testosterone level required for maximum androgen receptor (AR) binding may be in the range of nanomolar and above this range of concentrations; this sexual hormone may not significantly affect tumour biology. Testosterone 39-51 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 98-100 25443437-0 2015 Influence of androgen receptor CAG polymorphism on sexual function recovery after testosterone therapy in late-onset hypogonadism. Testosterone 82-94 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 13-30 25693420-14 2015 Using FDHT, a fluorinated testosterone analogue, PET is able to detect the over-expression of the androgen receptor (AR) in lesions, at a whole-body level. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 98-115 25693420-14 2015 Using FDHT, a fluorinated testosterone analogue, PET is able to detect the over-expression of the androgen receptor (AR) in lesions, at a whole-body level. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 117-119 25443437-12 2015 After inclusion in generalized linear models, the number of AR gene CAG triplets was found to be independently and negatively associated with Delta-EF, Delta-SD, Delta-IS, and Delta-Total IIEF-15 score, whereas Delta-total testosterone was independently and positively associated with Delta-EF, Delta-OF, Delta-SD, and Delta-Total IIEF-15 score. Testosterone 223-235 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-62 25443437-13 2015 However, after including time 0 total testosterone in the model, AR gene CAG triplets remained independently and negatively associated only with Delta-EF and Delta-Total IIEF-15 score, whereas Delta-total testosterone was independently and positively associated only with Delta-EF. Testosterone 38-50 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 65-67 24925260-2 2015 While medical (GnRH agonist) or surgical castration reduces the serum levels of testosterone by about 97%, an important concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone remains in the prostate and activates the androgen receptor (AR), thus offering an explanation for the positive data obtained in CRPC. Testosterone 137-149 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 216-233 25568070-3 2015 Resistance develops in part because castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells adaptively up-regulate AR levels through overexpression, amplification, and expression of ligand-independent variants in response to chronic exposure to a low-testosterone environment. Testosterone 245-257 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 109-111 25568070-4 2015 However, preclinical models suggest that AR overexpression represents a therapeutic liability that can be exploited via exposure to supraphysiologic testosterone to promote CRPC cell death. Testosterone 149-161 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-43 24925260-2 2015 While medical (GnRH agonist) or surgical castration reduces the serum levels of testosterone by about 97%, an important concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone remains in the prostate and activates the androgen receptor (AR), thus offering an explanation for the positive data obtained in CRPC. Testosterone 137-149 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 235-237 25069737-3 2014 The prostate saturation model suggests that the androgen receptor (AR) is saturated at serum testosterone levels of 150-200 ng/dl, and that additional serum testosterone above this level has limited, if any, effects within the prostate. Testosterone 93-105 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 48-65 25518339-2 2014 CRPC is defined as the status of disease progression despite the serum testosterone level of castration (< 50 ng/mL), which can be caused by various mechanisms including androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and AR-independent pathways. Testosterone 71-83 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 173-190 25518339-2 2014 CRPC is defined as the status of disease progression despite the serum testosterone level of castration (< 50 ng/mL), which can be caused by various mechanisms including androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and AR-independent pathways. Testosterone 71-83 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 192-194 25518339-2 2014 CRPC is defined as the status of disease progression despite the serum testosterone level of castration (< 50 ng/mL), which can be caused by various mechanisms including androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and AR-independent pathways. Testosterone 71-83 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 210-212 25153259-0 2014 Molecular adaptations of testosterone-producing Leydig cells during systemic in vivo blockade of the androgen receptor. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 101-118 25060817-3 2014 The ability of these compounds to inhibit testosterone (TT)- or dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced AR activity was determined by an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT- or DHT-induced expression of prostate specific antigen. Testosterone 42-54 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 98-100 25060817-3 2014 The ability of these compounds to inhibit testosterone (TT)- or dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced AR activity was determined by an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT- or DHT-induced expression of prostate specific antigen. Testosterone 42-54 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 131-133 25060817-3 2014 The ability of these compounds to inhibit testosterone (TT)- or dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced AR activity was determined by an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT- or DHT-induced expression of prostate specific antigen. Testosterone 56-58 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 98-100 25060817-3 2014 The ability of these compounds to inhibit testosterone (TT)- or dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced AR activity was determined by an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT- or DHT-induced expression of prostate specific antigen. Testosterone 56-58 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 131-133 25060817-3 2014 The ability of these compounds to inhibit testosterone (TT)- or dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced AR activity was determined by an AR-linked luciferase assay and by TT- or DHT-induced expression of prostate specific antigen. Testosterone 165-167 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 98-100 25336703-2 2014 SUMMARY ANSWER: Variations in LH receptor (LHR) and in 5alpha-reductase II (SRD5A2) genes may modify the effect of TC treatment on testosterone levels, whereas genetic variations in the androgen receptor (AR) may modify the effect on LH levels. Testosterone 131-143 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 25130462-0 2014 Testosterone treatment increases androgen receptor and aromatase gene expression in myotubes from patients with PCOS and controls, but does not induce insulin resistance. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 33-50 25130462-5 2014 Testosterone treatment significantly increased aromatase and androgen receptor gene expression levels in patients and controls. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 61-78 25130462-7 2014 These results suggest that testosterone treatment of myotubes increases the aromatase and androgen receptor gene expression without affecting insulin sensitivity and if testosterone is implicated in muscular insulin resistance in PCOS, this is by and indirect mechanism. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 90-107 25069737-3 2014 The prostate saturation model suggests that the androgen receptor (AR) is saturated at serum testosterone levels of 150-200 ng/dl, and that additional serum testosterone above this level has limited, if any, effects within the prostate. Testosterone 93-105 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-69 24782426-1 2014 Testosterone (T) impacts luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion through negative feedback via the androgen receptor (AR) in the hypothalamo-pituitary system. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 94-111 23808476-0 2014 Fertility after high-dose testosterone and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome with a previously unreported androgen receptor mutation. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 155-172 24787905-0 2014 Central body fat changes in men affected by post-surgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism undergoing testosterone replacement therapy are modulated by androgen receptor CAG polymorphism. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 149-166 25140627-0 2014 Targeting the androgen receptor signaling axis to reduce testosterone levels in prostate cancer: how low should we go? Testosterone 57-69 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 14-31 24782426-1 2014 Testosterone (T) impacts luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion through negative feedback via the androgen receptor (AR) in the hypothalamo-pituitary system. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 113-115 24589466-6 2014 This investigation showed that the serum total testosterone (T) level was positively associated with the AR CAG repeat length (P = 0.01); whereas, no significant correlation of T or AR CAG repeat polymorphism with the penile length was found (P = 0.593). Testosterone 47-59 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 105-107 24658017-12 2014 These data indicate that testosterone induces apoptosis in VSMCs via the extrinsic apoptotic pathway with the involvement of androgen receptor activation and mitochondria-generated ROS. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 125-142 24593124-0 2014 Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism independently influences recovery of male sexual function after testosterone replacement therapy in postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Testosterone 111-123 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 24593124-2 2014 AIM: In this study we evaluated the role of AR gene CAG repeat polymorphism in the recovery of sexual function after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men affected by postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a condition which is often associated with hypopituitarism and in which the sexual benefits of TRT must be distinguished from those of pituitary-function replacement therapies. Testosterone 117-129 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 44-46 24522103-2 2014 It is not known whether the prepubertal low circulating concentrations of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone, together with those of adrenal androgens, are capable of activating the androgen receptor. Testosterone 74-86 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 188-205 23868789-10 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Acquiring castration resistance of prostate cancer cells by AR overexpression and amplification obviously sensitizes such cells to testosterone concentrations as low as physiological values. Testosterone 144-156 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 73-75 24206051-2 2014 It is well understood that the intensity of testosterone-mediated effects is modulated by sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Testosterone 44-56 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 160-177 24206051-2 2014 It is well understood that the intensity of testosterone-mediated effects is modulated by sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Testosterone 44-56 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 179-181 24465978-9 2014 Weak associations with TT and FT were found for the rs5965433 and rs5919392 SNP in the AR, whereas no association between GGN repeat polymorphism and T concentrations were found. Testosterone 23-25 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 87-89 24958215-2 2014 Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are two major hormones which bind to and activate androgen receptor. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 87-104 24958215-3 2014 Targeting both the androgen receptor and the enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone has been shown to be clinically beneficial in the treatment of prostate cancer. Testosterone 84-96 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-36 24037862-3 2014 The AR is a ligand activated transcription factor, where androgens such as testosterone (T) and dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) act as the activating ligands. Testosterone 75-87 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 25341420-7 2014 The advent of new agents represented by abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, which target adrenal or intraprostatic androgen biosynthesis and AR signaling, respectively, has retrieved interest in testosterone levels during ADT. Testosterone 197-209 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 143-145 30743734-3 2014 The recent finding that testosterone, via the intracellular androgen receptor, promotes myelin repair, may inspire neurobiologists to take a closer look at this hormone. Testosterone 24-36 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-77 23704919-4 2013 One recently described mechanism of such an effect is growth and survival-promoting effects of the AR that are exerted independently of the AR ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 152-164 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 99-101 23727571-3 2013 The aim of our study was to analyze associations between mental rotation performance, the actual testosterone levels, the prenatal testosterone level (expressed as 2D:4D ratio) and the androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism in intellectually gifted boys. Testosterone 131-143 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 185-202 23644820-2 2013 SBMA is triggered by the interaction between polyQ-AR and its natural ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 79-91 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 23644820-2 2013 SBMA is triggered by the interaction between polyQ-AR and its natural ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 79-91 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 51-53 23420040-5 2013 The sex specificity of SBMA is the result of the interaction between mutant AR and its natural ligand, testosterone. Testosterone 103-115 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-27 23420040-5 2013 The sex specificity of SBMA is the result of the interaction between mutant AR and its natural ligand, testosterone. Testosterone 103-115 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 76-78 23795968-3 2013 The actions of the androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are mediated by a single receptor protein, the androgen receptor. Testosterone 29-41 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 113-130 24002408-7 2013 Antiandrogens can be competitive antagonists of the androgen receptor (spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, flutamide) or inhibitors of 5-alpha reductase, which decrease the conversion of testosterone to the more potent androgen 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone (finasteride). Testosterone 188-200 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 52-69 23492838-3 2013 New US Food and Drugs Administration approved pharmaceutical agents further eliminate testosterone ligand or its activity via inhibition of key synthetic enzymes and through strong inhibition of the androgen receptor. Testosterone 86-98 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 199-216 23599814-2 2013 It is generally accepted that androgens determine the characteristic features of PCOS; in this context, a hyperactive androgen receptor (AR) at the levels of the GnRH pulse generator in the hypothalamus and at the granulosa cells in the ovary, skeletal muscle or adipocytes senses initially normal testosterone and dihydrotestosterone as biochemical hyperandrogenism and might be a crucial connection between the vicious circles of the PCOS pathogenesis. Testosterone 298-310 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 118-135 23599814-2 2013 It is generally accepted that androgens determine the characteristic features of PCOS; in this context, a hyperactive androgen receptor (AR) at the levels of the GnRH pulse generator in the hypothalamus and at the granulosa cells in the ovary, skeletal muscle or adipocytes senses initially normal testosterone and dihydrotestosterone as biochemical hyperandrogenism and might be a crucial connection between the vicious circles of the PCOS pathogenesis. Testosterone 298-310 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 137-139 23196782-3 2013 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is a steroidogenic enzyme that plays a crucial role in the conversion of adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into high-affinity ligands for the androgen receptor (testosterone [T] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]). Testosterone 222-234 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 203-220 23371447-2 2013 Adrenal androgens and intratumoral testosterone production appear to be sufficient to activate AR in the castration-resistant setting. Testosterone 35-47 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 95-97 23184046-11 2013 Our data suggest that the presence of a high number of polymorphic GGC repeats in the AR gene is associated with an increased risk of developing PCa and BPH, and that lower testosterone levels also increase the risk of developing these diseases. Testosterone 173-185 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 86-88 23403291-6 2013 Conversely, testosterone treatment or p53 deletion activated AR signaling and restored MYC-induced differentiation. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 61-63 24454369-0 2013 Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism Regulates the Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Male Postsurgical Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Testosterone 82-94 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 23504676-8 2013 Recent discoveries however offer strong evidence of a direct apoptotic action induced by activation of the membrane androgen receptor by testosterone-albumin conjugates. Testosterone 137-149 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 116-133 22333687-2 2012 Intracellularly, testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone, the preferred ligand for androgen receptor transactivation, by the enzyme 5alpha-reductase. Testosterone 17-29 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 92-109 23133437-4 2012 By reducing the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone under the castration threshold, the ADT acts on the androgen receptor (AR), even if indirectly. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 115-132 23133437-4 2012 By reducing the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone under the castration threshold, the ADT acts on the androgen receptor (AR), even if indirectly. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 134-136 22578234-7 2012 The mean length of CAG repeats in AR gene was significantly higher for smokers with low testosterone compared to non-smokers. Testosterone 88-100 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 34-36 22333687-5 2012 Dihydrotestosterone has 2-5 times higher binding affinity for the androgen receptor than testosterone, and 10-fold higher potency of inducing androgen receptor signaling than testosterone. Testosterone 7-19 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 66-83 22333687-5 2012 Dihydrotestosterone has 2-5 times higher binding affinity for the androgen receptor than testosterone, and 10-fold higher potency of inducing androgen receptor signaling than testosterone. Testosterone 7-19 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 142-159 22429282-0 2012 The impact of androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism on andropausal symptoms in different serum testosterone levels. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 14-31 22386953-9 2012 Further, our in vitro studies with a PTC cell line (NPA-87-1) showed miR-124a as the potent inhibitor of AR that impairs cell proliferation even in the presence of testosterone. Testosterone 164-176 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 105-107 22429282-2 2012 AIM: To evaluate the interaction of AR cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeat polymorphism and serum testosterone levels and their effect on andropausal symptoms in aging Taiwanese men. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 36-38 22771325-10 2012 Testosterone rapidly increased the phosphorylation of c-Src on Tyr416, which was inhibited by an AR antagonist and by siRNA for AR. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 128-130 22771325-12 2012 Our data indicate that testosterone induces rapid assembly of a membrane signaling complex among AR, caveolin-1 and c-Src, which then facilitates activation of the c-Src/ PI3-kinase/Akt cascade, resulting in activation of eNOS. Testosterone 23-35 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 97-99 22912978-6 2012 2,4-D showed no agonist or antagonist activity against these hormone receptors, but it significantly enhanced the activity of testosterone through AR. Testosterone 126-138 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 147-149 22101440-0 2012 Red ginseng and 20(S)-Rg3 control testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia by deregulating androgen receptor signaling. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 92-109 22771325-10 2012 Testosterone rapidly increased the phosphorylation of c-Src on Tyr416, which was inhibited by an AR antagonist and by siRNA for AR. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 97-99 22476656-5 2012 Animal studies have revealed that the pathogenesis of SBMA depends on the level of serum testosterone, and that androgen deprivation mitigates neurodegeneration through inhibition of nuclear accumulation and/or stabilization of the pathogenic AR. Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-58 22101440-7 2012 Testosterone-induced expression of human kallikrein-3 mRNA and activation of androgen receptor (AR) were effectively inhibited by WKRG. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 77-94 22101440-7 2012 Testosterone-induced expression of human kallikrein-3 mRNA and activation of androgen receptor (AR) were effectively inhibited by WKRG. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 96-98 22579704-4 2012 Saliva sampling was used to assay levels of bioavailable testosterone and DNA genotyping was carried out to quantify AR-CAG repeat length, a genetic marker of the capacity of the androgen receptor to respond to testosterone. Testosterone 211-223 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 179-196 22386953-10 2012 Thus, the current study suggests that: (i) the varying pattern of testosterone level and AR status in thyroid tissues of men and women may predispose to the gender specific incidence of thyroid tumors and (ii) miR-124a plays a significant role in determining the AR gene expression pattern and thus, androgen mediated thyroid tumor growth. Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 263-265 22174412-9 2012 Thus, the effects of these 17-HASs on AR signaling are complex, ranging from a decrease in testosterone production through the inhibition of Cyp17 as previously described, to directly reducing both AR protein expression and R1881-induced AR trans-activation. Testosterone 91-103 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 38-40 21871527-2 2012 The androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone mediate their effect by binding to, and activation of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 109-126 21871527-2 2012 The androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone mediate their effect by binding to, and activation of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 128-130 22402717-5 2012 The results of animal studies suggest that testosterone-dependent nuclear accumulation of the pathogenic AR protein is a fundamental step in the neurodegenerative process. Testosterone 43-55 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 105-107 22064602-2 2012 Originating from the gonads, testosterone is released into circulation and is converted by steroid-5alpha-reductase in prostate cancer to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), potently activating AR and driving tumor progression. Testosterone 29-41 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 192-194 22107839-0 2012 CAG repeat polymorphism in androgen receptor gene is not directly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome but influences serum testosterone levels. Testosterone 129-141 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 27-44 21954065-1 2012 Evidence from multiple animal models demonstrates that testosterone plays a crucial role in the progression of symptoms in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a condition that results in neurodegeneration and muscle atrophy in affected men. Testosterone 55-67 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 159-163 23951414-3 2012 Animal studies demonstrate that both estradiol (E2), via activation of estrogen receptor-alpha, and testosterone (T), via activation of the androgen receptor, regulate bone mass in male rodents. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-157 23560310-5 2012 Animal models of KD have demonstrated improvement on withdrawal of testosterone, indicating that this agonist of the androgen receptor is required for the toxic effect. Testosterone 67-79 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 117-134 21954065-7 2012 These data suggest that the mechanism of disease in SBMA saturates at close to endogenous hormone levels and that individuals with SBMA who take, or have taken, testosterone for its putative therapeutic properties are unlikely to suffer adverse effects. Testosterone 161-173 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 131-135 21856600-4 2011 The development of hirsutism depends on the presence of the pilosebaceous unit, which is genetically determined, as well as the presence of the androgen receptor and intracellular 5alpha-reductase activity, which converts testosterone to its more active metabolite, dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 222-234 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 144-161 21822504-1 2012 The androgen receptor (AR) regulates networks of genes in response to the steroid hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 91-103 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 21822504-1 2012 The androgen receptor (AR) regulates networks of genes in response to the steroid hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 91-103 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 22172488-2 2012 The androgen receptor (AR) is vital for prostate cancer progression, even in the face of castrate levels of serum testosterone following androgen ablation therapy, a mainstay therapy for advanced prostate cancer. Testosterone 114-126 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 22172488-2 2012 The androgen receptor (AR) is vital for prostate cancer progression, even in the face of castrate levels of serum testosterone following androgen ablation therapy, a mainstay therapy for advanced prostate cancer. Testosterone 114-126 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 23196565-2 2012 The testosterone-dependent nuclear accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded AR protein is central to the pathogenesis. Testosterone 4-16 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 74-76 23196565-3 2012 This hypothesis is supported by pre-clinical studies showing that testosterone deprivation ameliorates motor neuron degeneration in animal modes of SBMA. Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 148-152 21486418-3 2011 Androgen action is inversely proportional to the number of CAG repeats in exon 1 of androgen receptor gene; therefore, we hypothesised that CAG repeat length contributes to testosterone responsiveness in patients with HH. Testosterone 173-185 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 84-101 21937623-10 2011 In cultured fibroblasts, both dihydrotestosterone and testosterone significantly reduced AR gene methylation and DNMT3A expression in a dose-dependent fashion and increased AR expression. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 89-91 21937623-10 2011 In cultured fibroblasts, both dihydrotestosterone and testosterone significantly reduced AR gene methylation and DNMT3A expression in a dose-dependent fashion and increased AR expression. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 173-175 22027692-3 2011 Nonetheless, the AR still plays a critical role because late-stage investigational agents that deplete testosterone (abiraterone) or block ligand binding (MDV3100) can still control tumor growth in patients with CRPC. Testosterone 103-115 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 17-19 21868758-2 2011 One important mechanism mediating this AR reactivation is intratumoral conversion of the weak adrenal androgens DHEA and androstenedione into the AR ligands testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 157-169 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 39-41 21868758-2 2011 One important mechanism mediating this AR reactivation is intratumoral conversion of the weak adrenal androgens DHEA and androstenedione into the AR ligands testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 157-169 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 146-148 21745497-5 2011 SBMA is a disease triggered by the binding of polyglutamine androgen receptor to its natural ligand testosterone. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 21745497-5 2011 SBMA is a disease triggered by the binding of polyglutamine androgen receptor to its natural ligand testosterone. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-77 21684322-7 2011 We used Fos expression to examine activation of androgen receptor (AR)-containing cells in the medial amygdala by heterospecific and conspecific stimuli in intact male hamsters and castrated males with testosterone (T)-replacement. Testosterone 202-214 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 48-65 21684322-7 2011 We used Fos expression to examine activation of androgen receptor (AR)-containing cells in the medial amygdala by heterospecific and conspecific stimuli in intact male hamsters and castrated males with testosterone (T)-replacement. Testosterone 202-214 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-69 21684322-10 2011 The results are consistent with a change in number of AR-ir cells in intact animals due to acute increases in testosterone caused by chemosignals. Testosterone 110-122 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-56 22141747-2 2012 Low right-left 2D:4D is also related to sensitivity to testosterone as measured by the number of cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene. Testosterone 55-67 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 155-172 22019845-5 2011 It was shown that: (1) DHEA protected EC from superoxide injury via AR-independent mechanisms; (2) testosterone induced DNA synthesis and growth in EC via an AR-independent manner with activation of ERK1/2 activity; (3) DHT inhibited DNA synthesis and growth in EC in an AR-dependent manner; (4) testosterone and DHT enhanced ERK1/2 activation and proliferation in SMC via AR-independent and -dependent pathways, respectively; and (5) these androgens did not significantly affect collagen synthesis in SMC. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 68-70 22019845-5 2011 It was shown that: (1) DHEA protected EC from superoxide injury via AR-independent mechanisms; (2) testosterone induced DNA synthesis and growth in EC via an AR-independent manner with activation of ERK1/2 activity; (3) DHT inhibited DNA synthesis and growth in EC in an AR-dependent manner; (4) testosterone and DHT enhanced ERK1/2 activation and proliferation in SMC via AR-independent and -dependent pathways, respectively; and (5) these androgens did not significantly affect collagen synthesis in SMC. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 158-160 22019845-5 2011 It was shown that: (1) DHEA protected EC from superoxide injury via AR-independent mechanisms; (2) testosterone induced DNA synthesis and growth in EC via an AR-independent manner with activation of ERK1/2 activity; (3) DHT inhibited DNA synthesis and growth in EC in an AR-dependent manner; (4) testosterone and DHT enhanced ERK1/2 activation and proliferation in SMC via AR-independent and -dependent pathways, respectively; and (5) these androgens did not significantly affect collagen synthesis in SMC. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 158-160 22019845-5 2011 It was shown that: (1) DHEA protected EC from superoxide injury via AR-independent mechanisms; (2) testosterone induced DNA synthesis and growth in EC via an AR-independent manner with activation of ERK1/2 activity; (3) DHT inhibited DNA synthesis and growth in EC in an AR-dependent manner; (4) testosterone and DHT enhanced ERK1/2 activation and proliferation in SMC via AR-independent and -dependent pathways, respectively; and (5) these androgens did not significantly affect collagen synthesis in SMC. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 158-160 21995803-3 2011 Moreover, some evidence has showed that the length of polymorphism Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats present in androgen receptor (AR) gene might co-regulate the effectiveness of testosterone therapy. Testosterone 198-210 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 131-148 21995803-3 2011 Moreover, some evidence has showed that the length of polymorphism Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats present in androgen receptor (AR) gene might co-regulate the effectiveness of testosterone therapy. Testosterone 198-210 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 150-152 21966638-5 2011 However, these therapies may have severe side effects, particularly when utilizing testosterone and related anabolic steroids targeting the androgen receptor. Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-157 21712345-1 2011 The majority of prostate cancers (PCa) express high levels of androgen receptor (AR) and are dependent for their growth on testosterone produced by the testes, which is reduced in the prostate to the higher affinity ligand 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 123-135 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-79 21712345-1 2011 The majority of prostate cancers (PCa) express high levels of androgen receptor (AR) and are dependent for their growth on testosterone produced by the testes, which is reduced in the prostate to the higher affinity ligand 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone 123-135 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 81-83 21984972-1 2011 Prostate cancer (PCa) is initially regulated by androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, which regulates cell proliferation and survival by activating the androgen receptor (AR), but later progresses to an aggressive, metastatic, androgen-independent stage for which, currently, there is no cure. Testosterone 67-79 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 171-188 21214887-2 2011 Androgen receptor, X chromosome inactivation and INSL3 levels are hypothesized to cooperate with and modulate the effect of testosterone on the bone. Testosterone 124-136 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 21444647-0 2011 Androgen receptor CAG repeat length polymorphism modifies the impact of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in men. Testosterone 72-84 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 21444647-12 2011 The interpretation of the association between testosterone and IR seems to require consideration of the AR CAG repeat polymorphism. Testosterone 46-58 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 104-106 21668040-3 2011 Prostate cancer is a hormonally sensitive tumour, which usually responds to pharmacological manipulation of the androgen receptor or its testosterone-related ligands. Testosterone 137-149 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 112-129 21270324-4 2011 The androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG polymorphism seems to modulate the sensitivity to testosterone and previous studies have related it to some clinical aspects of KS, to include BMD, gynecomastia, testes and prostate volume, and hemoglobin concentration. Testosterone 86-98 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 21270324-4 2011 The androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG polymorphism seems to modulate the sensitivity to testosterone and previous studies have related it to some clinical aspects of KS, to include BMD, gynecomastia, testes and prostate volume, and hemoglobin concentration. Testosterone 86-98 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 21322835-8 2011 Androgen receptor was expressed higher in young men at all time points compared to in old men (p < 0.05), and a significant correlation (p < 0.05; r = 0.506) was found between serum testosterone and androgen receptor after workout 1. Testosterone 188-200 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 21322835-8 2011 Androgen receptor was expressed higher in young men at all time points compared to in old men (p < 0.05), and a significant correlation (p < 0.05; r = 0.506) was found between serum testosterone and androgen receptor after workout 1. Testosterone 188-200 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 205-222 21632903-7 2011 Testosterone-mediated increase in palmitate oxidation was attenuated at the presence of androgen receptor antagonist, which may indicate a role of nuclear steroid receptor in muscle lipid oxidation. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 88-105 21557276-2 2011 It is questioned whether blocking of testosterone conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by finasteride in prostate tissue will change expression of androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 150-167 21557276-2 2011 It is questioned whether blocking of testosterone conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by finasteride in prostate tissue will change expression of androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 169-171 21130428-0 2011 Testosterone dependent androgen receptor stabilization and activation of cell proliferation in primary human myometrial microvascular endothelial cells. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-40 21984972-1 2011 Prostate cancer (PCa) is initially regulated by androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, which regulates cell proliferation and survival by activating the androgen receptor (AR), but later progresses to an aggressive, metastatic, androgen-independent stage for which, currently, there is no cure. Testosterone 67-79 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 190-192 21984972-9 2011 As cholesterol is a precursor of androgen production, it can reduce PCa risk by decreasing the levels of circulating testosterone, which in turn reduces the levels of interprostatic dihydrotestosterone, a strong ligand for the AR. Testosterone 117-129 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 227-229 20816782-4 2011 We utilized a peculiar motorneuronal disease model, spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), in which the neurotoxicity of the protein involved, the mutant androgen receptor (ARpolyQ), can be modulated by its ligand testosterone (T). Testosterone 212-226 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 152-169 21796517-4 2011 In the 1960s the steroid hormone receptor concept was established and the AR was identified as a protein entity with a high affinity and specificity for testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 153-165 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 74-76 21796524-1 2011 High-affinity binding of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone to the androgen receptor (AR) triggers the androgen-dependent AR NH2- and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction between the AR NH2-terminal FXXLF motif and the activation function 2 (AF2) hydrophobic binding surface in the ligand-binding domain. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 68-85 21796524-1 2011 High-affinity binding of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone to the androgen receptor (AR) triggers the androgen-dependent AR NH2- and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction between the AR NH2-terminal FXXLF motif and the activation function 2 (AF2) hydrophobic binding surface in the ligand-binding domain. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 87-89 21796524-1 2011 High-affinity binding of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone to the androgen receptor (AR) triggers the androgen-dependent AR NH2- and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction between the AR NH2-terminal FXXLF motif and the activation function 2 (AF2) hydrophobic binding surface in the ligand-binding domain. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 123-125 21796524-1 2011 High-affinity binding of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone to the androgen receptor (AR) triggers the androgen-dependent AR NH2- and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction between the AR NH2-terminal FXXLF motif and the activation function 2 (AF2) hydrophobic binding surface in the ligand-binding domain. Testosterone 25-37 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 123-125 21796524-3 2011 Ligands with agonist activity in vivo such as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and the synthetic anabolic steroids induce the AR N/C interaction and increase AR transcriptional activity in part by slowing the dissociation rate of bound ligand and stabilizing AR against degradation. Testosterone 46-58 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 128-130 21109497-4 2011 In males, testosterone is converted to estrogen and maintains fuel homeostasis via ERs and AR, which share related functions to suppress adipose tissue accumulation and improve insulin sensitivity. Testosterone 10-22 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-93 22194926-1 2011 The enzyme 5alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), performs key functions in the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Testosterone 44-56 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 117-134 22194926-1 2011 The enzyme 5alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), performs key functions in the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Testosterone 44-56 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 136-138 21058750-3 2010 These physiological signals from testosterone are modulated through the interaction of testosterone with the intracellular androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 123-140 21058750-3 2010 These physiological signals from testosterone are modulated through the interaction of testosterone with the intracellular androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 142-144 21058750-3 2010 These physiological signals from testosterone are modulated through the interaction of testosterone with the intracellular androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 87-99 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 123-140 21058750-3 2010 These physiological signals from testosterone are modulated through the interaction of testosterone with the intracellular androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 87-99 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 142-144 20534728-5 2010 We hypothesized that activation of AR in prostate cancer by DHEA and A5diol requires their conversion via 3betaHSD to androstenedione and testosterone, respectively. Testosterone 138-150 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 35-37 20823238-5 2010 We also find that ARV expression increases acutely in response to androgen withdrawal, is suppressed by testosterone, and in some models, is coupled to full-length AR (AR-FL) mRNA production. Testosterone 104-116 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 18-20 20677326-1 2010 Anabolic androgenic steroids, a class of steroid hormones related to testosterone, are natural ligands of androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Testosterone 69-81 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 106-123 20677326-1 2010 Anabolic androgenic steroids, a class of steroid hormones related to testosterone, are natural ligands of androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Testosterone 69-81 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 125-127 20677326-3 2010 Testosterone, the main male sexual hormone, binds AR directly and indirectly, through conversion into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), its more active metabolite. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-52 21036700-0 2010 Androgen receptor-mTOR crosstalk is regulated by testosterone availability: implication for prostate cancer cell survival. Testosterone 49-61 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 21036700-5 2010 RESULTS: AR positively regulated mTOR activity in both low and high testosterone levels. Testosterone 68-80 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 9-11 20228052-4 2010 Testosterone levels may act genomically on cardiac function via the androgen receptor (AR) or non-genomically. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 68-85 20375885-5 2010 Testosterone acts on bone both directly via the androgen receptor and indirectly, following aromatization, via the oestrogen receptor. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 48-65 20427479-1 2010 Testosterone and other androgens are thought to increase lean body mass and reduce fat body mass in men by activating the androgen receptor. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 122-139 20406952-8 2010 Testosterone treatment lead to a modest increase in AR staining in all stages of follicle studied, while GNRH antagonist had no effect. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 52-54 20228052-4 2010 Testosterone levels may act genomically on cardiac function via the androgen receptor (AR) or non-genomically. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 87-89 20348548-2 2010 Testosterone regulates male bone metabolism both indirectly by aromatization to estrogens and directly through the androgen receptor (AR) on osteoblasts, promoting periosteal bone formation during puberty and reducing bone resorption during adult life. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 115-132 20348548-2 2010 Testosterone regulates male bone metabolism both indirectly by aromatization to estrogens and directly through the androgen receptor (AR) on osteoblasts, promoting periosteal bone formation during puberty and reducing bone resorption during adult life. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 134-136 19938041-5 2010 There was a weak association of AR repeat length with baseline serum testosterone (T) (Spearman r = 0.09, p < 0.02); however, control for or stratification by T did not change study results. Testosterone 69-81 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 32-34 20211256-2 2010 Various chemicals (mostly pesticides and pharmaceuticals) were screened with the NIH3T3 cell line stably expressing human androgen receptor (hAR) and luciferase reporter gene for their ability to stimulate luciferase activity or inhibit the response that was evoked by 0.4nM testosterone. Testosterone 275-287 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 122-139 20173016-7 2010 RESULTS: Several polymorphisms in SHBG, ESR2, AR, CYP19A1, and LHB were significantly associated with circulating levels of SHBG, LH, total, free, and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol, the LH x testosterone product, and indices of insulin sensitivity. Testosterone 201-213 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-48 20194727-5 2010 The effect of testosterone on eNOS activation and NO production were abolished by pretreatment with an AR antagonist nilutamide and by transfection with AR small interference RNA. Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 103-105 20194727-5 2010 The effect of testosterone on eNOS activation and NO production were abolished by pretreatment with an AR antagonist nilutamide and by transfection with AR small interference RNA. Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 153-155 20194727-11 2010 Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed a testosterone-dependent interaction between AR and the p85alpha subunit of PI3-kinase. Testosterone 41-53 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 84-86 20194727-12 2010 In conclusion, testosterone rapidly induces NO production via AR-dependent activation of eNOS in HAEC. Testosterone 15-27 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-64 20406442-8 2010 Using this model we study selection for AR expression under different androgen levels and find that low androgen environments, caused either by low serum testosterone or by reduced 5alpha-reductase activity, select more strongly for elevated AR expression than do normal environments. Testosterone 154-166 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 40-42 20173016-7 2010 RESULTS: Several polymorphisms in SHBG, ESR2, AR, CYP19A1, and LHB were significantly associated with circulating levels of SHBG, LH, total, free, and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol, the LH x testosterone product, and indices of insulin sensitivity. Testosterone 164-176 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-48 19793749-4 2010 In addition, smaller numbers of CAG repeats in men"s androgen receptor gene, and lower baseline cortisol concentrations, each predicted larger testosterone responses to the interactions with women. Testosterone 143-155 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 53-70 20687495-5 2010 Testosterone-dependent nuclear accumulation of the pathogenic AR protein has been considered to be a fundamental step of neurodegenerative process, which is followed by several molecular events such as transcriptional dysregulation, axonal transport disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-64 20030610-1 2010 Androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone receptor that is activated by endogenous androgens, mainly testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT). Testosterone 103-115 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 20030610-1 2010 Androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone receptor that is activated by endogenous androgens, mainly testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT). Testosterone 103-115 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 19703457-2 2010 In male adolescents, we also investigated the role of a functional polymorphism in androgen-receptor gene (AR) in moderating the effect of testosterone on volumes of grey and white matter and grey-matter density. Testosterone 139-151 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 83-100 19620824-0 2010 Contribution of androgen receptor sensitivity to the relation between testosterone and sexual desire: An exploration in male-to-female transsexuals. Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 16-33 19320652-2 2009 We hypothesized that in males the androgen receptor-mediated effect of testosterone on LH release is negligible relative to that of oestradiol. Testosterone 71-83 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 34-51 19528872-8 2009 A significant correlation existed between preexercise free testosterone levels basal AR gene expression (r = -0.59, p < 0.01). Testosterone 59-71 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 85-87 19608712-0 2009 Prostate cancer stromal cells and LNCaP cells coordinately activate the androgen receptor through synthesis of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone. Testosterone 111-123 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 72-89 19804754-3 2009 Circulating testosterone activates the androgen receptor (AR) and is also converted into estrogen in the brain via aromatase. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 39-56 19804754-3 2009 Circulating testosterone activates the androgen receptor (AR) and is also converted into estrogen in the brain via aromatase. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 58-60 19804754-6 2009 We provide evidence suggesting that aromatase is also important in activating male-specific aggression and urine marking because these behaviors can be elicited by testosterone in males mutant for AR and in females subjected to neonatal estrogen exposure. Testosterone 164-176 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 197-199 19486304-4 2009 Androgen deprivation therapy rescues neuronal dysfunction in animal models of SBMA, suggesting that the molecular basis for motor neuron degeneration in this disorder is testosterone-dependent nuclear accumulation of the mutant AR. Testosterone 170-182 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 78-82 19486304-4 2009 Androgen deprivation therapy rescues neuronal dysfunction in animal models of SBMA, suggesting that the molecular basis for motor neuron degeneration in this disorder is testosterone-dependent nuclear accumulation of the mutant AR. Testosterone 170-182 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 228-230 20030248-4 2009 Testosterone-dependent nuclear accumulation of the pathogenic AR protein has been considered to be a fundamental step of neurodegenerative process, which is followed by several molecular events such as transcriptional dysregulation, axonal transport disruption, and mitochondria dysfunction. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-64 19679066-1 2009 Modulation of testosterone levels is a therapeutic approach for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a polyglutamine disorder that affects the motor neurons. Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 100-104 19383805-0 2009 Small effect of the androgen receptor gene GGN repeat polymorphism on serum testosterone levels in healthy men. Testosterone 76-88 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 20-37 19528872-9 2009 These data suggest that AR expression patterns may be related to circulating free testosterone levels. Testosterone 82-94 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 24-26 19429451-0 2009 Elevated endogenous testosterone concentrations potentiate muscle androgen receptor responses to resistance exercise. Testosterone 20-32 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 66-83 19261388-4 2009 The principal receptor for testosterone is the androgen receptor, the gene for which maps to the X chromosome. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 47-64 19429451-1 2009 The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of endogenous circulating testosterone (T) on muscle androgen receptor (AR) responses to acute resistance exercise (RE). Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 110-127 19429451-1 2009 The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of endogenous circulating testosterone (T) on muscle androgen receptor (AR) responses to acute resistance exercise (RE). Testosterone 83-95 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 129-131 19117137-5 2009 Rates of ligand dissociation and receptor degradation provided the first insight into the interdomain interactions of the androgen receptor and the molecular basis for the phenotypic effects of naturally occurring androgen receptor loss-of-function germline mutations and gain-of-function somatic mutations, and for the potency differences between the biologically active androgens, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 383-395 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 122-139 19169266-1 2009 We have observed earlier that testosterone at physiological concentrations can stimulate tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene expression through the androgen receptor in endothelial cells. Testosterone 30-42 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 156-173 19399234-3 2009 Animal studies have revealed that the pathogenesis of SBMA depends on the level of serum testosterone, and that androgen deprivation mitigates neurodegeneration through inhibition of nuclear accumulation of the pathogenic AR. Testosterone 89-101 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-58 19100835-6 2009 Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but not estradiol, inhibited AR promoter activation. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 70-72 19259967-2 2009 Animal studies have shown that the pathogenesis of SBMA is dependent on serum testosterone level. Testosterone 78-90 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 51-55 19117137-5 2009 Rates of ligand dissociation and receptor degradation provided the first insight into the interdomain interactions of the androgen receptor and the molecular basis for the phenotypic effects of naturally occurring androgen receptor loss-of-function germline mutations and gain-of-function somatic mutations, and for the potency differences between the biologically active androgens, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 383-395 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 214-231 18191848-11 2008 CONCLUSION(S): The AR gene CAG repeat polymorphism may contribute to the serum concentration of free testosterone in PCOS patients. Testosterone 101-113 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 18799683-5 2008 We found that the testosterone-related increase of white-matter volume was stronger in male adolescents with the lower versus higher number of CAG repeats in the AR gene, with testosterone explaining, respectively, 26 and 8% of variance in the volume. Testosterone 18-30 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 162-164 18599544-7 2008 The AR associated with sequences conferring repression in a manner that was stimulated by testosterone and was independent of DNA binding. Testosterone 90-102 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 18599544-11 2008 In conclusion, testosterone represses MAFbx expression via interactions of the AR with Oct-1 that are associated with sequences within the 5" untranslated region of the MAFbx promotor located just upstream of the first codon. Testosterone 15-27 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 79-81 18842992-7 2008 In this commentary, we explain why circulating levels of testosterone may not reflect androgen action in the prostate and why tissue levels of androgen, in particular dihydrotestosterone, and the androgen receptor and its coregulators are critical to androgen action in the prostate and should be incorporated in future studies. Testosterone 57-69 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 196-213 18799683-2 2008 Here, we provide evidence supporting the role of androgen receptor (AR) in mediating the effect of testosterone on white matter. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 49-66 18799683-2 2008 Here, we provide evidence supporting the role of androgen receptor (AR) in mediating the effect of testosterone on white matter. Testosterone 99-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 68-70 18617596-2 2008 Activated by binding of the native androgens testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, the AR regulates transcription of genes involved in the development and maintenance of male phenotype and male reproductive function as well as other tissues such as bone and muscle. Testosterone 45-57 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 94-96 18799683-4 2008 We also measured plasma levels of testosterone and genotyped a functional polymorphism in the AR gene, namely the number of CAG repeats in exon 1 believed to be inversely proportional to the AR transcriptional activity. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 94-96 18799683-5 2008 We found that the testosterone-related increase of white-matter volume was stronger in male adolescents with the lower versus higher number of CAG repeats in the AR gene, with testosterone explaining, respectively, 26 and 8% of variance in the volume. Testosterone 176-188 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 162-164 18645714-6 2008 Furthermore, we correlated the AR (CAG)(n) with serum testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and several parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism in each group and in all 121 women. Testosterone 54-66 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 31-33 18571420-4 2008 Further, compound 22 had potent binding affinity for T877A mutated AR, and dose-dependently inhibited the testosterone-induced production of prostate-specific antigen in LNCaP cells bearing T877A AR. Testosterone 106-118 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 196-198 18760072-5 2008 Syndrome has been linked to mutations in AR, the gene for the human Androgen Receptor, located at Xq11-12 leading to the insensitivity of the receptor to testosterone. Testosterone 154-166 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 68-85 18676736-3 2008 Numerous molecular and genetic perturbations have been described in castration-resistant prostate cancer, which are attributable for gain-of-function changes in the androgen receptor, allowing for cell survival and proliferation with castrate levels of testosterone. Testosterone 253-265 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 165-182 18484228-9 2008 Interestingly, the association between AR and BMD was modified by total testosterone. Testosterone 72-84 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 39-41 18385897-5 2008 The anabolic effects of testosterone on the skeletal muscle are mediated through androgen receptor signaling. Testosterone 24-36 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 81-98 18302198-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Enhanced androgen receptor (AR) activity by increased testosterone availability may play important roles in prostate cancer progressing to castration resistant state. Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 21-38 18302198-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Enhanced androgen receptor (AR) activity by increased testosterone availability may play important roles in prostate cancer progressing to castration resistant state. Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 40-42 18385897-7 2008 Testosterone binding to androgen receptor induces a conformational change in androgen receptor protein, causing it to associate with beta-catenin and TCF-4 and activate downstream Wnt target genes thus promoting myogenic differentiation. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 24-41 18385897-7 2008 Testosterone binding to androgen receptor induces a conformational change in androgen receptor protein, causing it to associate with beta-catenin and TCF-4 and activate downstream Wnt target genes thus promoting myogenic differentiation. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 77-94 18212046-6 2008 Several lines of evidence suggested that GATA factors and AR act cooperatively to activate Pp transcription: (i) the GATA-binding site crucial for Pp transcription is in close proximity to two of the AREs, (ii) GATA and AR form a complex with the Pp in vitro, (iii) overexpression of GATA factors rescued expression from mutant Pp constructs harboring defective AREs, and (iv) incubation of a Sertoli cell line with testosterone triggered corecruitment of AR and GATA4 to the Pp. Testosterone 416-428 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 58-60 18093638-1 2008 Previous work in the endocrine and neuroendocrine fields has viewed the androgen receptor (AR) as a transcription factor activated by testosterone or one of its many metabolites. Testosterone 134-146 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 72-89 18093638-1 2008 Previous work in the endocrine and neuroendocrine fields has viewed the androgen receptor (AR) as a transcription factor activated by testosterone or one of its many metabolites. Testosterone 134-146 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-93 18436443-6 2008 Administration of testosterone together with dexamethasone also prevented glucocorticoid-induced upregulation of MAFbx mRNA levels and protein catabolism in C2C12 myotube expressing the androgen receptor. Testosterone 18-30 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 186-203 18212046-6 2008 Several lines of evidence suggested that GATA factors and AR act cooperatively to activate Pp transcription: (i) the GATA-binding site crucial for Pp transcription is in close proximity to two of the AREs, (ii) GATA and AR form a complex with the Pp in vitro, (iii) overexpression of GATA factors rescued expression from mutant Pp constructs harboring defective AREs, and (iv) incubation of a Sertoli cell line with testosterone triggered corecruitment of AR and GATA4 to the Pp. Testosterone 416-428 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 200-202 18212046-6 2008 Several lines of evidence suggested that GATA factors and AR act cooperatively to activate Pp transcription: (i) the GATA-binding site crucial for Pp transcription is in close proximity to two of the AREs, (ii) GATA and AR form a complex with the Pp in vitro, (iii) overexpression of GATA factors rescued expression from mutant Pp constructs harboring defective AREs, and (iv) incubation of a Sertoli cell line with testosterone triggered corecruitment of AR and GATA4 to the Pp. Testosterone 416-428 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 200-202 18284208-1 2008 The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the action of the steroid hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 71-83 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 18284208-1 2008 The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the action of the steroid hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 71-83 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 18284209-1 2008 The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the actions of the steroid hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone at the level of gene transcription. Testosterone 120-132 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 18030175-9 2008 CONCLUSIONS: Expressions of AR and ER-beta were stronger in glands of the endometrium of postmenopausal women after treatment with testosterone added to estrogen than after estrogen alone. Testosterone 131-143 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 28-30 18284209-1 2008 The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the actions of the steroid hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone at the level of gene transcription. Testosterone 120-132 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 17602621-10 2007 The comparison revealed that DHT and testosterone activate both genomic and nongenomic pathways of AR. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 99-101 18223237-9 2008 The HHDS product was a more potent dose-dependent stimulator of cancer cell growth than testosterone both in androgen receptor-negative and receptor-positive cell lines. Testosterone 88-100 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 109-126 17983420-1 2008 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether androgen receptor (AR) and the enzymes that convert testosterone into the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone, 5alpha-reductases (5alpha-R1 and 5alpha-R2) are expressed in pelvic endometriosis. Testosterone 98-110 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-63 17983420-1 2008 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether androgen receptor (AR) and the enzymes that convert testosterone into the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone, 5alpha-reductases (5alpha-R1 and 5alpha-R2) are expressed in pelvic endometriosis. Testosterone 98-110 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 65-67 17659846-1 2007 Androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat length (RL) might modify the relationship between endogenous testosterone (T) and depressive symptoms in men on average over age 50 years. Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-17 17659846-1 2007 Androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat length (RL) might modify the relationship between endogenous testosterone (T) and depressive symptoms in men on average over age 50 years. Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 17591767-0 2007 Modulation of androgen receptor activation function 2 by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 57-69 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 14-31 17591767-1 2007 The androgen receptor (AR) is transcriptionally activated by high affinity binding of testosterone (T) or its 5alpha-reduced metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more potent androgen required for male reproductive tract development. Testosterone 86-98 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 17591767-1 2007 The androgen receptor (AR) is transcriptionally activated by high affinity binding of testosterone (T) or its 5alpha-reduced metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more potent androgen required for male reproductive tract development. Testosterone 86-98 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 19323416-9 2008 Testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone can influence the expression of genes, development of masculine type of habitus and behavior, acting via androgen receptor (AR) (Zitzmann, M. and Nieschlag, E., 2003). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 157-174 19323416-9 2008 Testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone can influence the expression of genes, development of masculine type of habitus and behavior, acting via androgen receptor (AR) (Zitzmann, M. and Nieschlag, E., 2003). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 176-178 17322500-0 2007 Is the effect of testosterone on body composition modulated by the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in elderly men? Testosterone 17-29 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-84 17499997-2 2007 Ganoderol B with 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity and the ability to bind to androgen receptor (AR) can inhibit androgen-induced LNCaP cell growth and suppress regrowth of the ventral prostate induced by testosterone in rats. Testosterone 208-220 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 81-98 17499997-2 2007 Ganoderol B with 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity and the ability to bind to androgen receptor (AR) can inhibit androgen-induced LNCaP cell growth and suppress regrowth of the ventral prostate induced by testosterone in rats. Testosterone 208-220 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 100-102 16781019-3 2007 The disease, which is linked to a polyQ tract elongation in the androgen receptor (ARpolyQ), has the interesting feature that ARpolyQ aggregation is triggered by the AR ligand, testosterone. Testosterone 177-189 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 64-81 17447523-9 2007 There is increasing evidence that testosterone, the ligand of AR, plays a pivotal role in the neurodegeneration in SBMA. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-64 17447523-9 2007 There is increasing evidence that testosterone, the ligand of AR, plays a pivotal role in the neurodegeneration in SBMA. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 115-119 16920725-0 2007 Testosterone levels in relation to oral contraceptive use and the androgen receptor CAG and GGC length polymorphisms in healthy young women. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 66-83 17223690-2 2007 Interaction of wild-type AR LBD with the random phage display peptide D11FxxLF was observed with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, R1881, estradiol, spironolactone, progesterone, and cortisol resulting in distinct dose dependency (EC50) values for each ligand and correlating well with the reported rank order potency of these agonists. Testosterone 104-116 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 25-27 17326011-8 2007 Inhibition of the expression of androgen receptor by antisense oligonucleotides, reduced the enhanced proliferation of SZ95 sebocytes challenged by testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 148-160 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 32-49 17023534-5 2007 We determined that AR bound to LGD2226 exhibits a unique pattern of protein-protein interactions compared with testosterone, fluoxymesterone (an orally available steroidal androgen), and other steroids, suggesting that LGD2226 alters the conformation of the ligand-binding domain. Testosterone 111-123 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 16920725-1 2007 BACKGROUND: The combined effect from the androgen receptor (AR) CAG and GGC length polymorphisms on testosterone levels has not been studied in young women. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-58 16920725-1 2007 BACKGROUND: The combined effect from the androgen receptor (AR) CAG and GGC length polymorphisms on testosterone levels has not been studied in young women. Testosterone 100-112 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-62 17073749-2 2006 The AR responds to the ligands testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and activates multiple downstream genes required in development and reproduction. Testosterone 31-43 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 17325745-6 2007 Using androgen receptor (AR)(+) 22rv1 and AR(-) PC3 human PC cell lines, we demonstrated that testosterone increased basal reactive oxygen species (bROS) levels, resulting in dose-dependent activation of phospho-p38 and pAKT, and increased expression of clusterin, catalase, and manganese superoxide dismutase. Testosterone 94-106 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 6-23 17325745-6 2007 Using androgen receptor (AR)(+) 22rv1 and AR(-) PC3 human PC cell lines, we demonstrated that testosterone increased basal reactive oxygen species (bROS) levels, resulting in dose-dependent activation of phospho-p38 and pAKT, and increased expression of clusterin, catalase, and manganese superoxide dismutase. Testosterone 94-106 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 25-27 17325745-6 2007 Using androgen receptor (AR)(+) 22rv1 and AR(-) PC3 human PC cell lines, we demonstrated that testosterone increased basal reactive oxygen species (bROS) levels, resulting in dose-dependent activation of phospho-p38 and pAKT, and increased expression of clusterin, catalase, and manganese superoxide dismutase. Testosterone 94-106 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 42-44 17073759-1 2006 The AR (androgen receptor) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the action of the steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 111-123 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 17073759-1 2006 The AR (androgen receptor) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the action of the steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 111-123 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 8-25 17086931-1 2006 The androgen receptor mediates the androgenic and anabolic activity of the endogenous steroids testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 17084172-2 2006 Despite this fact numerous therapies are available that target the interaction of androgen and androgen receptor in the castrate testosterone milieu and many clinical investigations are under way in this area. Testosterone 129-141 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 95-112 17054461-10 2006 With respect to men without AR mutations, subjects with AR mutations have lower ejaculate volume, higher testosterone levels, higher oestradiol levels, and higher androgen sensitivity index. Testosterone 105-117 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 56-58 16895962-3 2006 OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The objective of this study was to determine whether oral administration of a synthetic derivative of testosterone [oxandrolone, Oxandrin (OX)] (7.5 mg orally twice daily for 14 d) to five older women (age, 65 +/- 2 yr) would enhance skeletal muscle anabolic biomarkers including mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR), net phenylalanine balance, androgen receptor, and IGF-I protein expression at d 0, 5, and 14 of treatment. Testosterone 124-136 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 375-392 16572348-2 2006 Not only the key androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone but also their precursors are potent activators of the androgen receptor and are, therefore, likely to act as determinants of male sexual differentiation and maturation in a differentially regulated way. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 119-136 16583221-11 2006 Our results suggest the involvement of androgen receptor positive chondrocytes in thyroid cartilage mineralization, probably by a testosterone-linked stimulation of alkaline phosphatase. Testosterone 130-142 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 39-56 16639697-2 2006 One of the atherogenic effects of testosterone is thought to be androgen receptor (AR)-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 64-81 16639697-2 2006 One of the atherogenic effects of testosterone is thought to be androgen receptor (AR)-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 83-85 16639697-4 2006 Therefore, we first employed microarray analysis and, subsequently, quantitative RT-PCR to analyse RNA expression in AR-positive human VSMCs treated with testosterone in order to detect testosterone-induced genes associated with cell proliferation. Testosterone 154-166 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 117-119 16513111-6 2006 There is increasing evidence that testosterone, the ligand of AR, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in SBMA. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-64 16793958-0 2006 The androgen receptor CAG repeat modifies the impact of testosterone on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Testosterone 56-68 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 16793958-7 2006 The impact of testosterone on HOMA-IR was modified by the AR CAG length as indicated by an interaction term. Testosterone 14-26 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 58-60 16793958-13 2006 CONCLUSIONS: The association between testosterone and IR is modified by the CAG repeat polymorphism within the AR. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 111-113 16513111-6 2006 There is increasing evidence that testosterone, the ligand of AR, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in SBMA. Testosterone 34-46 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 131-135 16802247-7 2006 The AR and ER protein arrays showed affinities for fluorescence labelled testosterone and estradiol that were similar to those of literatures (0.65 vs. 0.89 nM, 5.96 vs. 10.3 nM, respectively). Testosterone 73-85 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-6 16631401-2 2006 The major androgen in women is testosterone, and its action in target tissues can be mediated through the androgen receptor or through the estrogen receptor after aromatization to estradiol. Testosterone 31-43 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 106-123 16826026-10 2006 CONCLUSION: In summary, these data demonstrated that: 1) feeding after RE increased AR content, which may result in increased testosterone uptake, and thus enhanced luteinizing hormone secretion via feedback mechanisms; and 2) LCLT supplementation upregulated AR content, which may promote recovery from RE. Testosterone 126-138 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 84-86 16400085-2 2006 Testosterone and its immediate metabolite dihydrotestosterone affect their roles through the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 93-110 16641486-3 2006 To identify molecular determinants responsible for this selectivity, we have determined the crystal structure of the human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain (hARLBD) in complex with two natural androgens, testosterone (Testo) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and with an androgenic steroid used in sport doping, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), at 1.64, 1.90, and 1.75 A resolution, respectively. Testosterone 211-223 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 123-140 16239088-2 2006 This study aimed at testing the hypothesis that Maca contains testosterone-like compounds, able to bind the human androgen receptor and promote transcription pathways regulated by steroid hormone signaling. Testosterone 62-74 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 114-131 16446741-4 2006 In the presence of testosterone, recombinant human AR bound specifically to the CRH-ARE. Testosterone 19-31 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 51-53 16595706-1 2006 Most mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD) disrupt binding of the natural ligands: dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. Testosterone 120-132 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 22-39 16595706-1 2006 Most mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD) disrupt binding of the natural ligands: dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. Testosterone 120-132 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-43 24790336-0 2006 Mutational Analysis of Androgen Receptor (AR) Gene in 46,XY Patients with Ambiguous Genitalia and Normal Testosterone Secretion: Endocrinological Characteristics of Three Patients with AR Gene Mutations. Testosterone 105-117 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-40 24790336-0 2006 Mutational Analysis of Androgen Receptor (AR) Gene in 46,XY Patients with Ambiguous Genitalia and Normal Testosterone Secretion: Endocrinological Characteristics of Three Patients with AR Gene Mutations. Testosterone 105-117 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 42-44 16400085-2 2006 Testosterone and its immediate metabolite dihydrotestosterone affect their roles through the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 112-114 16357946-1 2005 The biological activity of testosterone is thought to occur predominantly through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 97-114 17202804-0 2006 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone functionally antagonizes testosterone activation of the human androgen receptor in prostate cells through focal adhesion complexes involving Hic-5. Testosterone 56-68 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 93-110 16273319-2 2005 Testosterone binds to the X chromosome linked androgen receptor, which contains a polymorphic polyglutamine CAG repeat, the length of which is positively correlated with testosterone levels in males, and negatively correlated in females. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-63 16273319-2 2005 Testosterone binds to the X chromosome linked androgen receptor, which contains a polymorphic polyglutamine CAG repeat, the length of which is positively correlated with testosterone levels in males, and negatively correlated in females. Testosterone 170-182 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-63 16273319-8 2005 Thus, consistent with Witelson"s theory of testosterone action, in all three samples the likelihood of left handedness increased in those individuals with variants of the androgen receptor associated with lower testosterone levels. Testosterone 43-55 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 171-188 16273319-8 2005 Thus, consistent with Witelson"s theory of testosterone action, in all three samples the likelihood of left handedness increased in those individuals with variants of the androgen receptor associated with lower testosterone levels. Testosterone 211-223 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 171-188 16357946-1 2005 The biological activity of testosterone is thought to occur predominantly through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 116-118 16357946-5 2005 Our data indicated a novel mode of direct action of testosterone on BMMs, which was not mediated through the classical AR response, but through the binding sites of testosterone on cell surfaces. Testosterone 52-64 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 119-121 16172422-9 2005 The induction by testosterone was completely blocked by adding the AR antagonist flutamide. Testosterone 17-29 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-69 16556045-4 2005 The authors hypothesize that genes that are downstream from the androgen receptor gene, potentially those involved in testosterone response, could be of more interest. Testosterone 118-130 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 64-81 15956082-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: Normal genetic variation in the AR coding sequence may be clinically significant in the setting of early testicular failure and subnormal circulating testosterone levels, as occur in KS. Testosterone 163-175 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 45-47 15924334-7 2005 In addition, this series of compounds displayed potent inhibition of 17beta-HSD3-mediated cellular conversion of AdT to testosterone and inhibited the 17beta-HSD3-mediated conversion of testosterone necessary to promote AR-dependent transcription. Testosterone 186-198 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 220-222 16117826-13 2005 These findings suggest that, given the same amount of circulating testosterone, as in our hypoandrogenized and control group, the final net androgenic phenotypical effect is due to AR polymorphism. Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 181-183 15956332-1 2005 The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that recognises and binds to specific DNA response elements upon activation by the steroids testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 162-174 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 15956332-1 2005 The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that recognises and binds to specific DNA response elements upon activation by the steroids testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 162-174 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 15638871-10 2005 In humans, we found AR expression was significantly down-regulated by exogenous treatment with testosterone in F2M (31 +/- 13%, compared with control) or oestradiol in M2F (22 +/- 5%) but was significantly up-regulated by endogenous testosterone in BMT (128 +/- 17%). Testosterone 233-245 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 20-22 15774258-3 2005 Several studies have shown that pretreatment serum testosterone (T) levels and the length of the CAG repeat at the N-terminal region of the androgen receptor are significant. Testosterone 51-63 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-157 15882477-2 2005 Following medical or surgical castration, the androgen receptor can be activated by adrenal androgens, low levels of residual testosterone, and ligand-independent activators. Testosterone 126-138 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-63 15695110-0 2005 Association between androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism and plasma testosterone levels in postmenopausal women. Testosterone 78-90 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 20-37 15695110-14 2005 CONCLUSION: Our data indicate an association between testosterone plasma levels and AR CAG repeats in postmenopausal women, and suggest that plasma levels of androgens in postmenopausal women may be related to variants of the AR gene. Testosterone 53-65 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 84-86 15638871-10 2005 In humans, we found AR expression was significantly down-regulated by exogenous treatment with testosterone in F2M (31 +/- 13%, compared with control) or oestradiol in M2F (22 +/- 5%) but was significantly up-regulated by endogenous testosterone in BMT (128 +/- 17%). Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 20-22 15506979-1 2004 The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to the steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 129-141 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 15604246-3 2004 Moreover, androgen receptor expression converted previously androgen-independent, tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells into cells dependent on testosterone for tumor formation. Testosterone 144-156 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 10-27 16042361-3 2005 Testosterone exerts its action through the androgen receptor (AR), which is located both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of cells in the target tissue. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 43-60 16042361-3 2005 Testosterone exerts its action through the androgen receptor (AR), which is located both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of cells in the target tissue. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 62-64 15506979-1 2004 The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to the steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 129-141 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 15579779-0 2004 X-chromosome inactivation patterns and androgen receptor functionality influence phenotype and social characteristics as well as pharmacogenetics of testosterone therapy in Klinefelter patients. Testosterone 149-161 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 39-56 15579779-2 2004 Testosterone (T) acts via the X-linked androgen receptor gene carrying the CAG repeat (CAGn) polymorphism, the length of which is inversely associated with androgen action and might account for the marked variation in phenotypes. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 39-56 15308689-2 2004 The dynamics of testosterone (T)-induced loading of androgen receptor (AR) onto the proximal promoters of the genes differed significantly from that onto the distal enhancers. Testosterone 16-28 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 52-69 15667450-2 2004 At least part of the action of testosterone to suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone/LH secretion is exerted via interaction with an androgen receptor. Testosterone 31-43 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 135-152 15308689-2 2004 The dynamics of testosterone (T)-induced loading of androgen receptor (AR) onto the proximal promoters of the genes differed significantly from that onto the distal enhancers. Testosterone 16-28 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 71-73 15544494-2 2004 The biological functions of these and other steroid hormones are mediated by a family of closely related steroid hormone receptors (SHRs), with the androgen receptor (AR) mediating the effects of testosterone and related androgens, and the classical estrogen receptor (ERalpha) mediating the effects of estradiol. Testosterone 196-208 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 148-165 15544494-2 2004 The biological functions of these and other steroid hormones are mediated by a family of closely related steroid hormone receptors (SHRs), with the androgen receptor (AR) mediating the effects of testosterone and related androgens, and the classical estrogen receptor (ERalpha) mediating the effects of estradiol. Testosterone 196-208 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 167-169 15472231-2 2004 Because testosterone promotes the commitment of pluripotent, mesenchymal cells into myogenic lineage, we hypothesized that AR would be expressed in mesenchymal precursor cells in the skeletal muscle. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 123-125 15472231-3 2004 AR expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, confocal immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy in sections of vastus lateralis from healthy men before and after treatment with a supraphysiological dose of testosterone enanthate. Testosterone 230-242 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-2 15472231-9 2004 Immunoelectron microscopy revealed aggregation of immunogold particles in nucleoli of satellite cells and myonuclei; testosterone treatment increased nucleolar AR density. Testosterone 117-129 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 160-162 15472231-12 2004 Incubation of satellite cell cultures with supraphysiological testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations (100 nm testosterone and 30 nm dihydrotestosterone) modestly increased AR protein levels. Testosterone 62-74 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 185-187 15472231-12 2004 Incubation of satellite cell cultures with supraphysiological testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations (100 nm testosterone and 30 nm dihydrotestosterone) modestly increased AR protein levels. Testosterone 86-98 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 185-187 14992681-10 2004 Testosterone-induced vasodilatation is independent of the vascular endothelium and nuclear AR, and is initiated at the SMC membrane, which contains testosterone binding sites. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-93 15383177-2 2004 In the testis, AMH is highly expressed by Sertoli cells of the testis from early fetal life to puberty, when it is downregulated by the action of testosterone, acting through the androgen receptor, and meiotic spermatocytes, probably acting through TNFalpha. Testosterone 146-158 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 179-196 15291747-0 2004 Testosterone modulates mitochondrial aconitase in the full-length human androgen receptor-transfected PC-3 prostatic carcinoma cells. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 72-89 15090305-0 2004 [Effect of testosterone on expression of androgen receptor in human monocytic cell line THP-1]. Testosterone 11-23 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-58 15263086-3 2004 Here, we demonstrate that testosterone can act by means of an alternative, rapid, and sustainable mechanism in Sertoli cells that is independent of AR-DNA interactions. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 148-150 15170865-1 2004 Androgens (testosterone), acting via the androgen receptor (AR) a nuclear transcription factor, regulate male sexual development and body composition. Testosterone 11-23 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 41-58 15170865-1 2004 Androgens (testosterone), acting via the androgen receptor (AR) a nuclear transcription factor, regulate male sexual development and body composition. Testosterone 11-23 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 60-62 15041469-3 2004 Treatment with 1microM BaP tremendously reduced constitutive androgen receptor (AR) expression, as determined with Western immunoblotting and the real-time RT-PCR assay, as well as testosterone-induced AR protein levels in H1355 cells. Testosterone 181-193 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 202-204 15090305-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of testosterone on the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in human monocytic cell line THP-1. Testosterone 40-52 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 74-91 15090305-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of testosterone on the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in human monocytic cell line THP-1. Testosterone 40-52 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 93-95 15090305-3 2004 RESULTS: AR expression was observed in unstimulated THP-1 cells and the quantity of AR expression was reduced by testosterone treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Testosterone 113-125 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 9-11 15090305-3 2004 RESULTS: AR expression was observed in unstimulated THP-1 cells and the quantity of AR expression was reduced by testosterone treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Testosterone 113-125 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 84-86 15090305-4 2004 A selective AR blocker completely abolished this inhibitory effect of testosterone on AR expresison. Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 12-14 15090305-4 2004 A selective AR blocker completely abolished this inhibitory effect of testosterone on AR expresison. Testosterone 70-82 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 86-88 15090305-5 2004 CONCLUSION: Testosterone simulation time- and dose dependently reduces AR expression in THP-1 cells. Testosterone 12-24 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 71-73 14565775-10 2003 The interaction between ligand and AR at the 3- and 17-positions of testosterone and R1881 found in other chemical classes are discussed in depth. Testosterone 68-80 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 35-37 14760063-10 2004 CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone occur in recurrent prostate cancer tissue at levels sufficient to activate androgen receptor. Testosterone 13-25 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 125-142 16892542-1 2004 The androgen receptor (AR), the mediator of the effects of the male sex hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, plays a crucial role in development of male sex and in the function of male sexual organs. Testosterone 81-93 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 16892542-1 2004 The androgen receptor (AR), the mediator of the effects of the male sex hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, plays a crucial role in development of male sex and in the function of male sexual organs. Testosterone 81-93 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 23-25 14566423-5 2003 Inside the sertoli cells, testosterone is selectively bound to the androgen receptor and activation of the receptor will result in initiation and maintenance of the spermatogenic process and inhibition of germ cell apoptosis. Testosterone 26-38 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 67-84 14566423-6 2003 The androgen receptor is found in all male reproductive organs and can be stimulated by either testosterone or its more potential metabolite dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 95-107 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 12892557-2 2003 We therefore examined the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and 5alpha-reductases (type 1 and type 2), which catalyse the conversion of testosterone into DHT, in the human fetal lung using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Testosterone 143-155 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 44-61 12892557-2 2003 We therefore examined the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and 5alpha-reductases (type 1 and type 2), which catalyse the conversion of testosterone into DHT, in the human fetal lung using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Testosterone 143-155 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 63-65 14505476-1 2003 The AR (androgen receptor) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and directly regulates patterns of gene expression in response to the steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 150-162 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-25 12699720-7 2003 Although the exact mechanisms on how androgen might affect AD are still largely unknown, it is known that testosterone can act directly via androgen receptor-dependent mechanisms or indirectly by converting to oestrogen to exert this effect. Testosterone 106-118 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-157 14628596-5 2003 Binding of 3H-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to these four AR isoforms was inhibited by the addition of 100-fold excess of DHT and testosterone. Testosterone 21-33 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 54-56 12727953-0 2003 Prostate volume and growth in testosterone-substituted hypogonadal men are dependent on the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene: a longitudinal pharmacogenetic study. Testosterone 30-42 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 123-140 12793900-1 2003 Testosterone binds to the androgen receptor in target tissue to mediate its effects. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 26-43 12629350-0 2003 Associations of serum testosterone with microvessel density, androgen receptor density and androgen receptor gene polymorphism in prostate cancer. Testosterone 22-34 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-108 12629350-11 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Low serum testosterone in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer is associated with higher tumor microvessel and androgen receptor density as well as with higher Gleason score, suggesting enhanced malignant potential. Testosterone 23-35 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 128-145 12641825-1 2003 The androgen testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone exert their effects on gene expression and thus effect maleness via the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 13-25 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 137-154 12641825-1 2003 The androgen testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone exert their effects on gene expression and thus effect maleness via the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone 13-25 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 156-158 12641825-6 2003 The highly polymorphic nature of glutamine residues within the AR protein implies a subtle gradation of androgenicity among individuals within an environment of normal testosterone levels providing relevant ligand binding to ARs. Testosterone 168-180 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 63-65 14649544-4 2003 Untreated DU145-AR cells showed a lower proliferation rate than mock transfected cells, but responded to testosterone treatment. Testosterone 105-117 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 16-18 14649544-5 2003 PSA mRNA, undetectable in mock DU145 cells, was present and upregulated by testosterone in DU145-AR. Testosterone 75-87 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-99 14649544-6 2003 About 5% of DU 145-AR cells showed modification of morphology and enriched of f-actin after testosterone treatment. Testosterone 92-104 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 14649544-7 2003 Moreover, in DU145-AR plasminogen activator (PA) activity and secreted urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) protein were lower than in AR negative cells; again testosterone induced PA activity and uPA protein only in DU145-AR. Testosterone 166-178 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 13-21 14649544-7 2003 Moreover, in DU145-AR plasminogen activator (PA) activity and secreted urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) protein were lower than in AR negative cells; again testosterone induced PA activity and uPA protein only in DU145-AR. Testosterone 166-178 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 19-21 14649544-7 2003 Moreover, in DU145-AR plasminogen activator (PA) activity and secreted urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) protein were lower than in AR negative cells; again testosterone induced PA activity and uPA protein only in DU145-AR. Testosterone 166-178 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 223-231 12177000-8 2002 The binding of a ligand, e.g. testosterone, to the AR was required for the sumoylation of AR in intact cells. Testosterone 30-42 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 51-53 12177000-8 2002 The binding of a ligand, e.g. testosterone, to the AR was required for the sumoylation of AR in intact cells. Testosterone 30-42 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 90-92 12185249-2 2002 Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone interact with the androgen receptor to regulate vital aspects of prostate growth and function including cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and secretory activity. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 55-72 12351684-1 2002 The biological activity of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone is thought to occur predominantly through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 121-138 12351684-1 2002 The biological activity of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone is thought to occur predominantly through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Testosterone 27-39 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 140-142 12208164-1 2002 The androgen receptor gene (AR) contains a domain which includes a variable number of CAG sequences and alleles with low numbers of CAG repeats show high transactivation activity when complexed with testosterone. Testosterone 199-211 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21 11719253-8 2001 In contrast, testosterone treatment, while inducing aggregation of the mutant AR, also increases cell viability. Testosterone 13-25 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 78-80 12115497-3 2002 We first immunolocalized the androgen receptor (AR) and 5alpha-reductases, which catalyze the conversion of testosterone to the bioactive and potent androgen, 5alpha-dihydrotestesterone (DHT), in 18 normal cycling human endometria, 27 endometrial hyperplasia and 46 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas. Testosterone 108-120 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 29-46 12115497-3 2002 We first immunolocalized the androgen receptor (AR) and 5alpha-reductases, which catalyze the conversion of testosterone to the bioactive and potent androgen, 5alpha-dihydrotestesterone (DHT), in 18 normal cycling human endometria, 27 endometrial hyperplasia and 46 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas. Testosterone 108-120 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 48-50 11994226-6 2002 Androgens, such as testosterone, are strong tumor promoters, and work with the AR to augment the effect of any carcinogens present and stimulate cell division. Testosterone 19-31 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 79-81 12465595-2 2002 Testosterone or dihydrotestosterone binding induces a trans-conformation of the androgen receptor and allows its translocation into the nucleus, where it recognizes specific DNA sequences. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 80-97 11719440-6 2001 We also demonstrated that TARP expression is up-regulated by testosterone in LNCaP cells that express a functional androgen receptor. Testosterone 61-73 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 115-132 11675466-4 2001 This subtle, but highly significant (P < 0.001), difference in testosterone between fertile and subfertile men was accentuated by the positive correlation between testosterone and AR gene CAG repeat length in fertile, but not subfertile, subjects. Testosterone 66-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 183-185 12012621-2 2002 In the present study, we investigated the relationship between AR status and testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-dependent proliferation of the human breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7, T47-D, MDA-MB 435S and BT-20. Testosterone 77-89 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 63-65 12054912-5 2002 Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine in whole DU-145 human prostate cells the effect of EFAs and their metabolites on the binding and affinity of the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) to estradiol (E(2)) and testosterone (T), respectively. Testosterone 237-249 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 190-207 12054912-5 2002 Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine in whole DU-145 human prostate cells the effect of EFAs and their metabolites on the binding and affinity of the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) to estradiol (E(2)) and testosterone (T), respectively. Testosterone 237-249 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 209-211 11808880-10 2002 Sequencing of exons 2-8 of the androgen receptor after study of testosterone precursors following human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation is recommended when gonadal dysgenesis and true hermaphroditism can be excluded. Testosterone 64-76 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 31-48 11894977-11 2001 CONCLUSIONS: A high number of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene attenuates testosterone effects on bone density and bone metabolism. Testosterone 87-99 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 53-70 11597306-7 2001 Weak immunoexpression of androgen receptor in neonatal Sertoli cells was associated with high plasma testosterone concentrations (2.7-5.5 ng ml(-1)), whereas strong Sertoli cell immunoexpression was associated with baseline (approximately 0.12 ng ml(-1)) testosterone concentrations in infant animals and with > 10 ng ml(-1) in late pubertal and adult animals. Testosterone 101-113 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 25-42 11592091-2 2001 The development and progression of prostate cancer are dependent on testosterone and dihydrotestosterone; the androgen receptor is the vehicle through which these androgens exert their regulation on prostate cellular proliferation and differentiation. Testosterone 68-80 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 110-127 11592091-6 2001 In addition, androgen receptor somatic mutations can result in receptors that have altered binding specificity when compared with wild-type receptors and heightened affinity for hormones other than testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 198-210 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 13-30 11389183-0 2001 Testosterone-mediated neuroprotection through the androgen receptor in human primary neurons. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 50-67 11399534-2 2001 The two most important androgens are testosterone and 5a-dihydrotestosterone and their tissue specific actions are mediated by the same androgen receptor protein. Testosterone 37-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 136-153 11422119-3 2001 DESIGN: Molecular studies of the androgen receptor gene were performed in 10 azoo- or oligozoospermic men, presenting with clinical signs of low androgen activity-poor virilization and high serum LH despite elevated testosterone levels, but without genital malformations. Testosterone 216-228 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 33-50 11389051-1 2001 The development and growth of prostate cancer depends on the androgen receptor and its high-affinity binding of dihydrotestosterone, which derives from testosterone. Testosterone 119-131 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 61-78 11389183-9 2001 Testosterone analog, methyltestosterone, showed androgen receptor-dependent neuroprotection that was delayed in time indicating that a metabolite may be the active agent. Testosterone 0-12 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 48-65 11356108-0 2001 Homology modeling using multiple molecular dynamics simulations and docking studies of the human androgen receptor ligand binding domain bound to testosterone and nonsteroidal ligands. Testosterone 146-158 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 97-114 11356108-1 2001 To facilitate the rational design of novel and more potent androgen receptor ligands, three-dimensional models for the human androgen receptor ligand binding domain bound to testosterone have been developed. Testosterone 174-186 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 59-76 11356108-1 2001 To facilitate the rational design of novel and more potent androgen receptor ligands, three-dimensional models for the human androgen receptor ligand binding domain bound to testosterone have been developed. Testosterone 174-186 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 125-142 11392378-2 2001 Mediation of the effects of both testosterone and DHT requires a functional androgen receptor (AR) located in the cytoplasmic compartment of target cells. Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 76-93 11392378-2 2001 Mediation of the effects of both testosterone and DHT requires a functional androgen receptor (AR) located in the cytoplasmic compartment of target cells. Testosterone 33-45 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 95-97 11392378-3 2001 DHT (or testosterone) binding induces a conformational change which facilitates AR nuclear transport, phosphorylation and dimerization, ultimately regulating of the rate of transcription of androgen-dependent genes. Testosterone 8-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 80-82 11356158-1 2001 The androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, and regulates gene expression in response to the steroid hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone 137-149 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 4-21