PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 28616017-4 2017 Studies in vitro show that in the presence of soluble HB-GAM chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains of CSPGs display an enhancing effect on neurite outgrowth. Chondroitin Sulfates 61-80 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 54-60 28616017-4 2017 Studies in vitro show that in the presence of soluble HB-GAM chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains of CSPGs display an enhancing effect on neurite outgrowth. Chondroitin Sulfates 82-84 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 54-60 28616017-5 2017 Based on the in vitro studies, we suggest a model according to which the HB-GAM/CS complex binds to the neuron surface receptor glypican-2, which induces neurite growth. Chondroitin Sulfates 80-82 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 73-79 28616017-6 2017 Furthermore, HB-GAM masks the CS binding sites of the neurite outgrowth inhibiting receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPsigma), which may contribute to the HB-GAM-induced regenerative effect. Chondroitin Sulfates 30-32 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 13-19 28616017-6 2017 Furthermore, HB-GAM masks the CS binding sites of the neurite outgrowth inhibiting receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPsigma), which may contribute to the HB-GAM-induced regenerative effect. Chondroitin Sulfates 30-32 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 167-173 28616017-9 2017 Studies on the HB-GAM/CS mechanism in vitro and in vivo are expected to pave the way for drug development for injuries of brain and spinal cord. Chondroitin Sulfates 22-24 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 15-21 27671118-3 2016 The CS-bound HB-GAM promotes neurite growth through binding to the cell surface proteoglycan glypican-2; furthermore, HB-GAM abrogates the CS ligand binding to the inhibitory receptor PTPsigma (protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma). Chondroitin Sulfates 139-141 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 118-124 27671118-2 2016 We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. Chondroitin Sulfates 103-105 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 20-26 27671118-2 2016 We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. Chondroitin Sulfates 103-105 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 28-70 27671118-2 2016 We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. Chondroitin Sulfates 103-105 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 86-98 27671118-2 2016 We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. Chondroitin Sulfates 195-197 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 20-26 27671118-2 2016 We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. Chondroitin Sulfates 195-197 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 28-70 27671118-2 2016 We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. Chondroitin Sulfates 195-197 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 86-98 27671118-3 2016 The CS-bound HB-GAM promotes neurite growth through binding to the cell surface proteoglycan glypican-2; furthermore, HB-GAM abrogates the CS ligand binding to the inhibitory receptor PTPsigma (protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma). Chondroitin Sulfates 4-6 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 13-19 27671118-3 2016 The CS-bound HB-GAM promotes neurite growth through binding to the cell surface proteoglycan glypican-2; furthermore, HB-GAM abrogates the CS ligand binding to the inhibitory receptor PTPsigma (protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma). Chondroitin Sulfates 139-141 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 13-19 26896299-0 2016 Structural studies reveal an important role for the pleiotrophin C-terminus in mediating interactions with chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin Sulfates 107-126 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 52-64 26896299-4 2016 We determined the first structure of PTN and analyzed its interactions with CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 76-78 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 37-40 26896299-6 2016 Our analysis of PTN-CS interactions showed that the C-terminal tail of PTN is essential for maintaining stable interactions with chondroitin sulfate A, the type of CS commonly found on PTPRZ. Chondroitin Sulfates 129-150 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 16-19 26896299-6 2016 Our analysis of PTN-CS interactions showed that the C-terminal tail of PTN is essential for maintaining stable interactions with chondroitin sulfate A, the type of CS commonly found on PTPRZ. Chondroitin Sulfates 129-150 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 71-74 26896299-6 2016 Our analysis of PTN-CS interactions showed that the C-terminal tail of PTN is essential for maintaining stable interactions with chondroitin sulfate A, the type of CS commonly found on PTPRZ. Chondroitin Sulfates 20-22 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 16-19 26896299-6 2016 Our analysis of PTN-CS interactions showed that the C-terminal tail of PTN is essential for maintaining stable interactions with chondroitin sulfate A, the type of CS commonly found on PTPRZ. Chondroitin Sulfates 20-22 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 71-74 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 45-47 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 36-39 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 45-47 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 97-100 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 45-47 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 97-100 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 119-121 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 36-39 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 119-121 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 97-100 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 119-121 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 97-100 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 119-121 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 36-39 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 119-121 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 97-100 26896299-8 2016 NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C-terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS-binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C-terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS. Chondroitin Sulfates 119-121 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 97-100 17680989-8 2007 These results indicate that a specific sulfation motif, in particular the CS-E tetrasaccharide unit, represents a key structural determinant for activation of midkine, pleiotrophin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling, and is required for the neuritogenic activity of CS in dopaminergic neurons. Chondroitin Sulfates 74-76 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 168-180 25644401-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPbeta/zeta) is a chondroitin sulphate (CS) transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase and is a receptor for pleiotrophin (PTN). Chondroitin Sulfates 81-101 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 172-184 25644401-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPbeta/zeta) is a chondroitin sulphate (CS) transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase and is a receptor for pleiotrophin (PTN). Chondroitin Sulfates 81-101 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 186-189 25644401-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPbeta/zeta) is a chondroitin sulphate (CS) transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase and is a receptor for pleiotrophin (PTN). Chondroitin Sulfates 103-105 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 172-184 25644401-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPbeta/zeta) is a chondroitin sulphate (CS) transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase and is a receptor for pleiotrophin (PTN). Chondroitin Sulfates 103-105 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 186-189 23019154-2 2013 CS chains containing D-disaccharide units [GlcUA(2-O-sulfate)-GalNAc(6-O-sulfate)] are involved in the development of cerebellar Purkinje cells and neurite outgrowth-promoting activity through interaction with a neurotrophic factor, pleiotrophin, resulting in the regulation of signaling. Chondroitin Sulfates 0-2 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 233-245 15797857-6 2005 Sodium orthovanadate, chondroitin sulfate-C, PP1, wortmannin, LY294002, and U0126 inhibit HARP-mediated signaling and HUVEC migration and tube formation. Chondroitin Sulfates 22-43 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 90-94 16373346-0 2006 The binding of chondroitin sulfate to pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule is regulated by chain length and oversulfated structures. Chondroitin Sulfates 15-34 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 38-50 16373346-0 2006 The binding of chondroitin sulfate to pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule is regulated by chain length and oversulfated structures. Chondroitin Sulfates 15-34 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 51-93 16373346-1 2006 Pleiotrophin is an 18-kDa heparin-binding growth factor, which uses chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, PTPzeta as a receptor. Chondroitin Sulfates 68-87 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 0-12 16373346-1 2006 Pleiotrophin is an 18-kDa heparin-binding growth factor, which uses chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, PTPzeta as a receptor. Chondroitin Sulfates 89-91 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 0-12 16373346-2 2006 It has been suggested that the D-type structure (GlcA(2S)beta1-3GalNAc(6S)) in CS contributes to the high affinity binding between PTPzeta and pleiotrophin. Chondroitin Sulfates 79-81 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 143-155 16373346-5 2006 The > or =18-mer CS fractions showed significant binding to pleiotrophin, and the longer fractions had stronger affinity for pleiotrophin than the shorter ones. Chondroitin Sulfates 20-22 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 63-75 16373346-6 2006 The approximately 46-mer CS fraction bound to densely immobilized pleiotrophin with high affinity (K(D) = approximately 30 nM), and the binding reactions fitted the bivalent analyte model. Chondroitin Sulfates 25-27 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 66-78 16373346-10 2006 These results suggest that the binding of pleiotrophin to CS is regulated by multivalency with CS approximately 20 mer as a unit and by the amounts of oversulfated structures. Chondroitin Sulfates 58-60 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 42-54 16373346-10 2006 These results suggest that the binding of pleiotrophin to CS is regulated by multivalency with CS approximately 20 mer as a unit and by the amounts of oversulfated structures. Chondroitin Sulfates 95-97 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 42-54 16175577-8 2005 Furthermore, the amount of pleiotrophin, a heparin-binding growth factor, in the cultured cerebellar slices was remarkably diminished after treatment with chondroitinase ABC or D unit-rich chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin Sulfates 189-208 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 27-39 16175577-9 2005 With the previous findings that pleiotrophin binds to D unit-rich chondroitin sulfate, we suggest that the D-type structure is important for the signaling of pleiotrophin, which plays roles in Purkinje cell-Bergmann glia interaction, and that the structural changes of chondroitin sulfate regulate this signaling pathway. Chondroitin Sulfates 66-85 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 32-44 16175577-9 2005 With the previous findings that pleiotrophin binds to D unit-rich chondroitin sulfate, we suggest that the D-type structure is important for the signaling of pleiotrophin, which plays roles in Purkinje cell-Bergmann glia interaction, and that the structural changes of chondroitin sulfate regulate this signaling pathway. Chondroitin Sulfates 66-85 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 158-170 16175577-9 2005 With the previous findings that pleiotrophin binds to D unit-rich chondroitin sulfate, we suggest that the D-type structure is important for the signaling of pleiotrophin, which plays roles in Purkinje cell-Bergmann glia interaction, and that the structural changes of chondroitin sulfate regulate this signaling pathway. Chondroitin Sulfates 269-288 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 32-44 16175577-9 2005 With the previous findings that pleiotrophin binds to D unit-rich chondroitin sulfate, we suggest that the D-type structure is important for the signaling of pleiotrophin, which plays roles in Purkinje cell-Bergmann glia interaction, and that the structural changes of chondroitin sulfate regulate this signaling pathway. Chondroitin Sulfates 269-288 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 158-170 16120610-9 2005 Notably, not only heparan sulfate but also CS/DS hybrid chain structures of mammalian brains contain a high degree of microheterogeneity with a cluster of oversulfated disaccharides and appear to play roles in regulating the functions of PTN. Chondroitin Sulfates 43-45 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 238-241 10600521-5 1999 In vitro, different glycosaminoglycans, such as dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate-C, also induce a dimer assembly of HARP. Chondroitin Sulfates 69-90 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 124-128 12684467-1 2003 PTPzeta/RPTPbeta, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase synthesized as a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, uses a heparin-binding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) as a ligand, in which the CS portion plays an essential role in ligand binding. Chondroitin Sulfates 80-99 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 156-168 12684467-1 2003 PTPzeta/RPTPbeta, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase synthesized as a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, uses a heparin-binding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) as a ligand, in which the CS portion plays an essential role in ligand binding. Chondroitin Sulfates 80-99 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 170-173 12684467-1 2003 PTPzeta/RPTPbeta, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase synthesized as a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, uses a heparin-binding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) as a ligand, in which the CS portion plays an essential role in ligand binding. Chondroitin Sulfates 101-103 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 156-168 12684467-1 2003 PTPzeta/RPTPbeta, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase synthesized as a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, uses a heparin-binding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) as a ligand, in which the CS portion plays an essential role in ligand binding. Chondroitin Sulfates 101-103 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 170-173 12684467-1 2003 PTPzeta/RPTPbeta, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase synthesized as a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, uses a heparin-binding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) as a ligand, in which the CS portion plays an essential role in ligand binding. Chondroitin Sulfates 201-203 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 156-168 12684467-1 2003 PTPzeta/RPTPbeta, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase synthesized as a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, uses a heparin-binding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) as a ligand, in which the CS portion plays an essential role in ligand binding. Chondroitin Sulfates 201-203 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 170-173 9660874-1 1998 Pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) is a specific ligand of protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPzeta)/receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (RPTPbeta) expressed in the brain as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Chondroitin Sulfates 220-239 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 0-55 9660874-1 1998 Pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) is a specific ligand of protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPzeta)/receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (RPTPbeta) expressed in the brain as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Chondroitin Sulfates 220-239 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 57-63 9507007-6 1998 The chondroitin sulfate chains on neurocan and phosphacan account for at least 80% of their binding to amphoterin and HB-GAM. Chondroitin Sulfates 4-23 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 118-124 35631323-1 2022 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) E is the natural ligand for pleiotrophin (PTN) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the embryo. Chondroitin Sulfates 0-19 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 53-65 35631323-1 2022 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) E is the natural ligand for pleiotrophin (PTN) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the embryo. Chondroitin Sulfates 0-19 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 67-70 35631323-1 2022 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) E is the natural ligand for pleiotrophin (PTN) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the embryo. Chondroitin Sulfates 21-23 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 53-65 35631323-1 2022 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) E is the natural ligand for pleiotrophin (PTN) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the embryo. Chondroitin Sulfates 21-23 pleiotrophin Homo sapiens 67-70