PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 19392649-3 2009 These include Ca2+-mediated activation of guanine nucleotide exchange proteins, resulting in increased levels of GTP-charged Ras and/or Rac or inactivation of small GTPases by Ca2+-mediated activation of GTPase-activating enzymes. Guanine Nucleotides 42-60 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 136-139 15121857-2 2004 We report here that the COOH-terminal region of Nox1, a protein related to gp91(phox) (Nox2) of phagocytic cells, is constitutively associated with beta Pix, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 160-178 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 199-202 16597700-2 2006 Solubility in the cytosol is conferred by binding of Rac to guanine-nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). Guanine Nucleotides 60-78 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 18299239-2 2008 The Cdc42/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor PIX and the Arf GTPase-activating protein GIT form a stable complex in cells. Guanine Nucleotides 14-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 17297440-1 2007 PIKE-A (phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3)-kinase enhancer) is a ubiquitously expressed GTPase, which binds to and enhances protein kinase B (Akt) kinase activity in a guanine nucleotide-dependent manner. Guanine Nucleotides 167-185 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 17339487-7 2007 In contrast, phosphorylation of the Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 and the Rac target p21-activated kinases were markedly reduced in both hck-/-fgr-/- neutrophils and human neutrophils incubated with a PP2. Guanine Nucleotides 44-62 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 17060455-0 2007 The Rac effector p67phox regulates phagocyte NADPH oxidase by stimulating Vav1 guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Guanine Nucleotides 79-97 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 16301320-5 2006 Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 with protein kinase A (PKA) inhibits the PIP(3)- and Gbetagamma-stimulated P-Rex1 guanine nucleotide exchange activity on Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 108-126 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 16190977-1 2005 Small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Rac/Cdc42 family combine their GDP/GTP cycle, regulated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, to a cytosol/membrane cycle, regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (rhoGDIs). Guanine Nucleotides 97-115 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 16190977-1 2005 Small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Rac/Cdc42 family combine their GDP/GTP cycle, regulated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, to a cytosol/membrane cycle, regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (rhoGDIs). Guanine Nucleotides 207-225 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 16049005-2 2005 The activity of Rac is stimulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote GDP release and GTP binding. Guanine Nucleotides 37-55 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 14761976-5 2004 PIKE-A directly binds to activated Akt but not PI 3-kinase in a guanine nucleotide-dependent way and stimulates the kinase activity of Akt. Guanine Nucleotides 64-82 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 12777642-15 2003 IFIT1 is the first gene described as a candidate gene for SLE, and may function by activating Rho proteins through interaction with Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Guanine Nucleotides 140-158 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 136-139 12177507-2 2002 SOS also appears to serve as a guanine nucleotide exchanger for Rac and, thus, may be involved in cytoskeleton reorganization. Guanine Nucleotides 31-49 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 12829242-3 2003 Several pathways lead from PI3K activation via the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) to the activation of guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 175-193 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 232-235 12475976-12 2003 These results reveal the existence of a novel mechanism of Rac activation by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and suggest that the induction by Trio of a conformational change in Rac1, in the absence of nucleotide exchange, is sufficient for enhancing its effector function. Guanine Nucleotides 79-97 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 12471028-3 2003 To assess how this membrane partitioning influences the activation of Rac by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GDP-to-GTP exchange reactions were performed in the presence of liposomes using different forms of Rac-GDP. Guanine Nucleotides 77-95 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 12192056-7 2002 Raichu-Rac and Raichu-Cdc42 were also applied to a rapid and simple assay for the analysis of putative guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) in living cells. Guanine Nucleotides 103-121 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 11158304-1 2001 Small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the Ras and Rho (Rac, Cdc42, and Rho) families have been implicated in cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, and this may involve the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and/or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Guanine Nucleotides 6-24 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 11961559-7 2002 SWAP-70 shows low homology with Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and catalyses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange to Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 36-54 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11961559-7 2002 SWAP-70 shows low homology with Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and catalyses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange to Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 36-54 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 11961559-7 2002 SWAP-70 shows low homology with Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and catalyses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange to Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 120-138 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11961559-7 2002 SWAP-70 shows low homology with Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and catalyses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange to Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 120-138 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 12134164-2 2002 Formation of active Rac-GTP is stimulated by Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as Tiam1 (ref. Guanine Nucleotides 56-74 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 11524436-2 2001 This is achieved through the formation of a tricomplex consisting of Eps8-E3b1-Sos-1, which is endowed with Rac guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Guanine Nucleotides 112-130 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 11524436-3 2001 The catalytic subunit of this complex is represented by Sos-1, a bifunctional molecule capable of catalyzing guanine nucleotide exchange on Ras and Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 109-127 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 11524436-7 2001 In addition, it binds to Sos-1 and is able to induce Rac-specific, Sos-1-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Guanine Nucleotides 83-101 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 29858187-3 2018 Rac and Cdc42 are hyperactivated via signaling through oncogenic cell surface receptors, such as growth factor receptors, which converge on the guanine nucleotide exchange factors that regulate their GDP/GTP exchange. Guanine Nucleotides 144-162 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 10579721-1 1999 Using biochemical assays to determine the activation state of Rho-like GTPases, we show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 functions as a specific activator of Rac but not Cdc42 or Rho in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Guanine Nucleotides 97-115 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 175-178 9422735-7 1998 The guanine nucleotide exchange on Rac was increased by addition of GTPgammaS-loaded Gialpha2 or Gbeta1gamma2 to neutrophil cytosol. Guanine Nucleotides 4-22 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 7627555-5 1995 RESULTS: We show here that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can stimulate an increase in the level of GTP-Rac by at least two distinct mechanisms: firstly, by increased guanine nucleotide exchange; and secondly, by inhibition of a Rac GTPase activity. Guanine Nucleotides 174-192 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 8491184-1 1993 RhoGDI inhibits guanine nucleotide dissociation from post-translationally processed Rho and Rac proteins but its biochemical role in vivo is unknown. Guanine Nucleotides 16-34 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 31032735-5 2021 Current knowledge on roles for specific PI 3-kinase pathway responsive Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors in glioblastoma is reviewed. Guanine Nucleotides 75-93 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 32322580-3 2020 Rac and Cdc42 are often dysregulated in cancer due to hyperactivation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), belonging to both the diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) and dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) families. Guanine Nucleotides 73-91 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 10655614-1 2000 Rho family-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) decrease the rate of nucleotide dissociation and release Rho proteins such as RhoA, Rac and Cdc42 from membranes, forming tight complexes that shuttle between cytosol and membrane compartments. Guanine Nucleotides 20-38 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 10499589-1 1999 The small guanine nucleotide (GTP)-binding protein Rac regulates mitogen-induced cytoskeletal changes and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and its activity is required for Ras-mediated cell transformation. Guanine Nucleotides 10-28 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 9796702-2 1998 Effector pathways for this guanine nucleotide binding protein in T cells are mediated by the serine/threonine kinase Raf-1 and the Ras-related GTPase Rac-1. Guanine Nucleotides 27-45 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 31802643-3 2020 Opsin3 (OPN3), a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor superfamily, has been identified to affect the apoptosis of hepatoma cells by modulating the phosphorylation of Akt and Bcl2/Bax. Guanine Nucleotides 31-49 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 195-198 28666462-6 2017 Signaling was assessed by western analysis and biochemical pull-down assays specific for Rac-GTP and for active Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Guanine Nucleotides 116-134 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 28600358-13 2017 This constitutes a previously unrecognized complex formed of atypical and conventional Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rac and Cdc42 that is putatively involved in GPR124-dependent angiogenic responses. Guanine Nucleotides 91-109 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 28807941-3 2017 This review examines the multiple mechanisms leading to Rac1 hyperactivation, particularly focusing on emerging paradigms that involve gain-of-function mutations in Rac and guanine nucleotide exchange factors, defects in Rac1 degradation, and mislocalization of Rac signaling components. Guanine Nucleotides 173-191 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 28255536-3 2016 Furthermore, Rac has two guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Vav and Sos, whose role in activating Rac is not well understood. Guanine Nucleotides 25-43 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 28255536-3 2016 Furthermore, Rac has two guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Vav and Sos, whose role in activating Rac is not well understood. Guanine Nucleotides 25-43 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 100-103 25033803-3 2013 The small GTPase Rac acts as a pivotal binary switch that is turned "on" by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) via a myriad of cell surface receptors, to regulate cancer cell migration, survival, and proliferation. Guanine Nucleotides 76-94 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 24563715-1 2013 The family of dedicator of cytokinesis (Dock), a protein family that belongs to the atypical Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rac and/or Cdc42 GTPases, plays pivotal roles in various processes of brain development. Guanine Nucleotides 97-115 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 23441967-8 2013 By binding to both cytohesin 2/ARNO and Dock180, GRASP bridges the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate Arf and Rac, thereby promoting Arf-to-Rac signaling. Guanine Nucleotides 67-85 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 124-135 27597758-5 2016 Systematic depletion of Rho family GTPases and their regulatory proteins identified the Rac subfamily and the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam2 as key components of EphB2 trans-endocytosis, a pathway previously implicated in Eph forward signaling, in which ephrins act as in trans ligands of Eph receptors. Guanine Nucleotides 123-141 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 24501217-4 2014 We found decreased transcription of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors Tiam1 and Vav1 in unstimulated peripheral blood CLL cells with almost complete loss of Tiam1 but increased transcription of the potential Rac antagonist RhoH. Guanine Nucleotides 44-62 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 24501217-4 2014 We found decreased transcription of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors Tiam1 and Vav1 in unstimulated peripheral blood CLL cells with almost complete loss of Tiam1 but increased transcription of the potential Rac antagonist RhoH. Guanine Nucleotides 44-62 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 218-221 24598074-4 2014 The participation of Rac is expressed in the following sequence: (1) Translocation of the RacGDP-RhoGDI complex to the membrane; (2) Dissociation of RacGDP from RhoGDI; (3) GDP to GTP exchange on Rac, mediated by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor; (4) Binding of RacGTP to p67(phox); (5) Induction of a conformational change in p67(phox), promoting interaction with Nox2. Guanine Nucleotides 215-233 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 24598074-4 2014 The participation of Rac is expressed in the following sequence: (1) Translocation of the RacGDP-RhoGDI complex to the membrane; (2) Dissociation of RacGDP from RhoGDI; (3) GDP to GTP exchange on Rac, mediated by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor; (4) Binding of RacGTP to p67(phox); (5) Induction of a conformational change in p67(phox), promoting interaction with Nox2. Guanine Nucleotides 215-233 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 22647486-5 2012 Elmo and Dock180 proteins form ELMO/Dock180 complexes functioning as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rac activation. Guanine Nucleotides 69-87 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 23033540-1 2012 The guanosine triphosphatases of the Rho and Rac subfamilies regulate protumorigenic pathways and are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs), which could be potential targets for anticancer therapies. Guanine Nucleotides 115-133 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 21943825-6 2011 Inactivation of Rac1 by using a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 or siRNA knocking down the expression of Tiam1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac, significantly reduced Trastuzumab resistance in SKBR3 cells. Guanine Nucleotides 106-124 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 22520755-3 2012 Although DOCK2 does not contain Dbl homology domain typically found in guanine nucleotide exchange factors, DOCK2 mediates the GTP-GDP exchange reaction for Rac through its DHR-2 domain. Guanine Nucleotides 71-89 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 23050005-2 2012 Although DOCK2 does not contain the Dbl homology domain typically found in guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), DOCK2 mediates the GTP-GDP exchange reaction for Rac via its DOCK homology region (DHR)-2 (also known as CZH2 or Docker) domain. Guanine Nucleotides 75-93 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 20958313-4 2010 The ELMO1/Dock180 proteins form an evolutionarily conserved signaling module that functions as a bipartite guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rac. Guanine Nucleotides 107-125 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 21111731-5 2011 OxPAPC induced peripheral translocation of p190RhoGAP, which was abolished by knockdown of Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors Tiam1 and Vav2. Guanine Nucleotides 104-122 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 91-94 20634316-2 2010 Here, we report that the major binding partners of the Connector Enhancer of KSR 1 (CNK1) scaffold are members of the cytohesin family of Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and that the CNK1/cytohesin interaction is critical for activation of the PI3K/AKT cascade downstream from insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors. Guanine Nucleotides 142-160 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 258-261 20018810-0 2010 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex-1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac, mediates angiogenic responses to stromal cell-derived factor-1/chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL-12) linked to Rac activation, endothelial cell migration, and in vitro angiogenesis. Guanine Nucleotides 79-97 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 20018810-0 2010 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex-1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac, mediates angiogenic responses to stromal cell-derived factor-1/chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL-12) linked to Rac activation, endothelial cell migration, and in vitro angiogenesis. Guanine Nucleotides 79-97 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 20018810-4 2010 We demonstrated previously that mammalian target of rapamycin, an important effector and regulator of PI3K/AKT, activates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1), a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor identified as a target of G betagamma and PI3K, via direct interactions. Guanine Nucleotides 204-222 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 107-110 20018810-4 2010 We demonstrated previously that mammalian target of rapamycin, an important effector and regulator of PI3K/AKT, activates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1), a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor identified as a target of G betagamma and PI3K, via direct interactions. Guanine Nucleotides 204-222 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 172-175 19956392-4 2009 Previously, we examined a gene expression array database comparing human gliomas to nonneoplastic controls and identified several Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors with differential expression. Guanine Nucleotides 134-152 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 130-133