PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 15470141-4 2004 We show here that the small GTP-binding protein Ral, its guanine nucleotide exchange factor RalGDS (Ral GDP dissociation stimulator), and phospholipase D2 (PLD2) are constitutively associated with class 1 mGluRs and regulate constitutive mGluR endocytosis. Guanine Nucleotides 57-75 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 48-51 15313192-1 2004 Rap1 and Ral, the small GTPases belonging to the Ras superfamily, have recently attracted much attention; Ral because of Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors which are regulated by direct binding to Ras and Rap1 because of its proposed role as an antagonist of Ras signaling. Guanine Nucleotides 134-152 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 9-12 15313192-1 2004 Rap1 and Ral, the small GTPases belonging to the Ras superfamily, have recently attracted much attention; Ral because of Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors which are regulated by direct binding to Ras and Rap1 because of its proposed role as an antagonist of Ras signaling. Guanine Nucleotides 134-152 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 106-109 15313192-1 2004 Rap1 and Ral, the small GTPases belonging to the Ras superfamily, have recently attracted much attention; Ral because of Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors which are regulated by direct binding to Ras and Rap1 because of its proposed role as an antagonist of Ras signaling. Guanine Nucleotides 134-152 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 106-109 11283245-0 2001 Regulation of Ras signaling specificity by protein kinase C. Ras proteins have the capacity to bind to and activate at least three families of downstream target proteins: Raf kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI 3)-kinase, and Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Ral-GEFs). Guanine Nucleotides 239-257 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 226-229 15197281-2 2004 Here, by using the computer algorithm PARE, we designed a set of mutants of the Ras effector protein Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS) with optimized electrostatic steering. Guanine Nucleotides 105-123 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 101-104 12168089-5 2002 Finally, Ral-GDS belongs to a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that activate Ral GTPases. Guanine Nucleotides 40-58 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 9-12 12168089-5 2002 Finally, Ral-GDS belongs to a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that activate Ral GTPases. Guanine Nucleotides 40-58 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 90-93 11292826-8 2001 In contrast, although the structures of the Ras-binding domains are similar, the thermodynamics of the Ras/Raf and Ras/Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator interactions are quite different. Guanine Nucleotides 123-141 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 119-122 12624092-7 2003 We have mapped the Ral binding site on this domain and found that it overlaps with protein-protein interaction sites on other IPT domains but that it is completely different from the G protein-geranyl-geranyl interaction face of the Ig-like domain of the Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor. Guanine Nucleotides 259-277 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 19-22 11340168-10 2001 Finally, we provide mechanisms for the activation of these pathways, namely, the direct in vivo interaction of TC21 with guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Ral, resulting in their translocation to the plasma membrane, and the direct interaction of TC21 with PI-3K. Guanine Nucleotides 121-139 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 161-164 9931431-1 1998 Mammalian Ras proteins associate with multiple effectors, including Raf, Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AF-6. Guanine Nucleotides 77-95 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 73-76 10869344-4 2000 We identified the C-terminal Rit/Ras interaction domain of a protein we have designated RGL3 (Ral GEF-like 3) that shares 35% sequence identity with the known Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEFs). Guanine Nucleotides 163-181 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 94-97 10869344-6 2000 Importantly, RGL3 exhibited guanine nucleotide exchange activity toward the small GTPase Ral that was stimulated in vivo by the expression of either activated Rit or Ras. Guanine Nucleotides 28-46 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 89-92 11027278-1 2000 Ral GTPases have been implicated as mediators of Ras-induced signal transduction from observations that Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors associate with Ras and are activated by Ras. Guanine Nucleotides 117-135 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 0-3 11027278-1 2000 Ral GTPases have been implicated as mediators of Ras-induced signal transduction from observations that Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors associate with Ras and are activated by Ras. Guanine Nucleotides 117-135 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 104-107 10747847-0 2000 Identification and characterization of a new family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the ras-related GTPase Ral. Guanine Nucleotides 55-73 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 118-121 10747847-9 2000 In contrast to the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator family of Ral GEFs, the RalGPS proteins do not possess a Ras-GTP-binding domain, suggesting that they are activated in a Ras-independent manner. Guanine Nucleotides 23-41 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 76-79 11455956-1 2000 RalGDS is a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral, which is a member of the Ras GTPase superfamily that regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation and transformation by mediating multiple signal transduction pathways. Guanine Nucleotides 12-30 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 0-3 10364219-1 1999 The Ral effector protein RLIP76 (also called RIP/RalBP1) binds to Ral.GTP via a region that shares no sequence homology with the Ras-binding domains of the Ser/Thr kinase c-Raf-1 and the Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Guanine Nucleotides 200-218 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 4-7 10364219-1 1999 The Ral effector protein RLIP76 (also called RIP/RalBP1) binds to Ral.GTP via a region that shares no sequence homology with the Ras-binding domains of the Ser/Thr kinase c-Raf-1 and the Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Guanine Nucleotides 200-218 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 49-52 10364219-1 1999 The Ral effector protein RLIP76 (also called RIP/RalBP1) binds to Ral.GTP via a region that shares no sequence homology with the Ras-binding domains of the Ser/Thr kinase c-Raf-1 and the Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Guanine Nucleotides 200-218 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 49-52 10213614-1 1999 RalGDS is a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral, and one of its homologues is RGL (RalGDS-like). Guanine Nucleotides 12-30 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 0-3 10072355-3 1999 Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors contribute to cellular transformation induced by oncogenic Ras through an Erk-independent mechanism which may involve activation of transcription. Guanine Nucleotides 4-22 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 0-3 9843482-4 1998 Between the three GTPase an intriguing interconnectivity exists, in that guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Ral associate with the GTP-bound form of both Ras and Rap1. Guanine Nucleotides 73-91 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 113-116 9253406-1 1997 The Ras-interacting domains of the the protein-kinase Raf and the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator, RalGDS, lack extensive sequence similarity, but their overall three-dimensional structures are very similar to each other. Guanine Nucleotides 70-88 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 66-69 9628477-2 1998 Among the effectors of Ras are the Raf kinase and RalGDS, a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator specific for Ral. Guanine Nucleotides 60-78 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 50-53 9566869-10 1998 This activation mechanism correlates with the activation mechanism of the small GTPase Rap1, a putative upstream regulator of Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Guanine Nucleotides 130-148 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 126-129 9550702-2 1998 Recently, we and others found that three different Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Ral GEFs) - Ral GDS, Rgl and Rlf - bind specifically to the GTP-bound form of several Ras-like GTPases [6-9]. Guanine Nucleotides 55-73 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 51-54 9550702-2 1998 Recently, we and others found that three different Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Ral GEFs) - Ral GDS, Rgl and Rlf - bind specifically to the GTP-bound form of several Ras-like GTPases [6-9]. Guanine Nucleotides 55-73 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 92-95 9550702-2 1998 Recently, we and others found that three different Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Ral GEFs) - Ral GDS, Rgl and Rlf - bind specifically to the GTP-bound form of several Ras-like GTPases [6-9]. Guanine Nucleotides 55-73 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 92-95 15299618-0 1996 Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the Ras binding domain of RalGDS, a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator of the Ral protein. Guanine Nucleotides 97-115 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 87-90 15299618-1 1996 The RalGDS is a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator which activates the Ral protein, a Ras-like small GTPase. Guanine Nucleotides 16-34 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 4-7 2108160-0 1990 Guanine nucleotide binding properties of the mammalian RalA protein produced in Escherichia coli. Guanine Nucleotides 0-18 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 55-59 7972015-0 1994 Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator. Guanine Nucleotides 37-55 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 33-36 7972015-2 1994 The H-Ras protein was found to interact with a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (GDS) that has been previously shown to regulate guanine nucleotide exchange on another member of the Ras protein family, Ral. Guanine Nucleotides 47-65 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 212-215 7972015-2 1994 The H-Ras protein was found to interact with a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (GDS) that has been previously shown to regulate guanine nucleotide exchange on another member of the Ras protein family, Ral. Guanine Nucleotides 139-157 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 212-215 8094051-5 1993 The encoded protein stimulates the dissociation of guanine nucleotides from the ras-related ralA and ralB GTPases at a rate at least 30-fold faster than the intrinsic nucleotide dissociation rate. Guanine Nucleotides 51-70 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 92-96 8636102-7 1996 As long as the cellular localizations of the different proteins and their biological functions are not clarified, these biochemical data seem to indicate that Ral-guanine nucleotide exchange factors is an effector molecule of Rap1A rather than of H-Ras. Guanine Nucleotides 163-181 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 159-162 30919354-2 2019 The activation of a variety of GPCRs leads to the translocation of Ral GDP dissociation stimulator (RalGDS) to the plasma membrane, where it functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of RalA to promote membrane blebbing. Guanine Nucleotides 156-174 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 194-198 27149377-1 2016 The human genome contains six genes coding for proteins validated in vitro as specific activators of the small GTPases "Ras-related protein Ral-A" and "Ras-related protein Ral-B", generically named Ral-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEF). Guanine Nucleotides 202-220 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 140-178 27773821-1 2016 RalGDS is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that promotes the active GTP-bound form of Ral GTPases, RalA and RalB. Guanine Nucleotides 12-30 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 0-3 28139825-7 2017 Functional studies revealed that amino acid change p.Gly60Val impairs HRAS binding to effectors PIK3CA, phospholipase C1, and RAL guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator. Guanine Nucleotides 130-148 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 126-129 27149377-1 2016 The human genome contains six genes coding for proteins validated in vitro as specific activators of the small GTPases "Ras-related protein Ral-A" and "Ras-related protein Ral-B", generically named Ral-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEF). Guanine Nucleotides 202-220 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 140-143 23226417-9 2012 These findings suggest that ERp57 regulates RalA signalling by acting as a redox-sensitive guanine-nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (RalGDI). Guanine Nucleotides 91-109 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 44-48 26687416-0 2016 The structure of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Rlf in complex with the small G-protein Ral identifies conformational intermediates of the exchange reaction and the basis for the selectivity. Guanine Nucleotides 21-39 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 96-99 23335589-7 2013 Indeed, we identified strongly augmented active HRAS(E63_D69dup) that co-precipitated with effectors RAF1, RAL guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator and phospholipase C1. Guanine Nucleotides 111-129 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 107-110 22450745-3 2013 This protein is activated by Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEFs) and inactivated by Ral GTPase-activating proteins (RalGAPs), the latter of which consist of heterodimers containing a catalytic alpha1 or alpha2 subunit and a common beta subunit. Guanine Nucleotides 33-51 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 29-32 22450745-3 2013 This protein is activated by Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEFs) and inactivated by Ral GTPase-activating proteins (RalGAPs), the latter of which consist of heterodimers containing a catalytic alpha1 or alpha2 subunit and a common beta subunit. Guanine Nucleotides 33-51 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 70-73 22982396-1 2012 It is well established that the small GTPase Ras promotes tumor initiation by activating at least three different mediators: Raf, PI3K, and Ras-like (Ral) guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Guanine Nucleotides 155-173 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 150-153 22738401-1 2012 The human protein Rap1A (Rap) is a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases that binds to the downstream effector Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS). Guanine Nucleotides 118-136 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 114-117 22385209-4 2012 We mutated this glutamine to every amino acid except cysteine and proline and then incubated these mutants with a Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (Ral) containing the I18C mutation that was chemically labeled with a thiocyanate vibrational spectroscopic probe. Guanine Nucleotides 118-136 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 114-117 22385209-4 2012 We mutated this glutamine to every amino acid except cysteine and proline and then incubated these mutants with a Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (Ral) containing the I18C mutation that was chemically labeled with a thiocyanate vibrational spectroscopic probe. Guanine Nucleotides 118-136 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 162-165 21441953-5 2011 Moreover, in vitro guanine nucleotide exchange assays confirm that hRgr promotes Ral and Ras activation through GDP dissociation, which is a critical characteristic of GEF proteins. Guanine Nucleotides 19-37 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 81-84 21748802-1 2011 Using molecular dynamics simulations, we explore geometric and physical factors contributing to calculated electrostatic fields at the binding surface of the GTPase Ras with a spectroscopically labeled variant of a downstream effector, the Ras-binding domain of Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS). Guanine Nucleotides 266-284 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 262-265 19567266-2 2009 The Ras-like G-proteins Ras, Rap and Ral are regulated by a variety of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that are characterized by a CDC25 homology domain. Guanine Nucleotides 71-89 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 37-40 20964430-1 2010 Electrostatic fields at the interface of the Ras binding domain of the protein Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS) with the structurally analogous GTPases Ras and Rap1A were measured with vibrational Stark effect (VSE) spectroscopy. Guanine Nucleotides 83-101 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 79-82 17709381-3 2007 Three effector pathways downstream of Ras, Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEFs), were assayed for their ability to promote the metastasis of a tumorigenic, nonmetastatic human prostate cancer cell line, DU145. Guanine Nucleotides 131-149 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 127-130 17976838-3 2007 Rit signaling has been found to activate several downstream pathways including MEK/ERK, p38 MAPK, Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and Rit associates with the Par6 cell polarity machinery. Guanine Nucleotides 111-129 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 98-101 17052213-8 2006 Thus the signals from Ras and PI3K converge at the level of Ral GEFs (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors), and this convergence restricts the area of RalA activation. Guanine Nucleotides 70-88 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 151-155 17462594-6 2007 The Ral guanine-nucleotide-dissociation-stimulator-like, which was found to interact with the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D(3)R, mediated the inhibitory activity of D(3)R in c-fos expression. Guanine Nucleotides 8-26 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 4-7 17237388-2 2007 Ras can control the activity of multiple effectors, including Raf, PI3K, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the small GTPase Ral. Guanine Nucleotides 77-95 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 134-137 16580637-2 2006 In the present study, to identify the interacting proteins of Oog1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using a GV-oocyte cDNA library and found that Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS) is the binding partner of Oog1. Guanine Nucleotides 160-178 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 156-159 16007223-0 2005 The merlin tumor suppressor interacts with Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator and inhibits its activity. Guanine Nucleotides 47-65 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 43-46