PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 34938150-0 2022 Changing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling during lesional progression and exacerbation of endometriosis by inhibition of PGE2 receptor EP2 and EP4. Dinoprostone 9-25 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 136-139 34862858-3 2022 Here, we investigate the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs on unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO)-induced interstitial fibrosis in the kidney by modulating prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2). Dinoprostone 152-168 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 181-184 34974067-9 2021 HDM-induced macrophage training in vitro was mediated by a formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2)-TNF-2-HG-PGE2/EP2-axis, resulting in an M2-like macrophage phenotype with high CCL17 production. Dinoprostone 101-105 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 106-109 34938150-0 2022 Changing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling during lesional progression and exacerbation of endometriosis by inhibition of PGE2 receptor EP2 and EP4. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 136-139 34938150-8 2022 Treatment with EP2/EP4 inhibitors in DE mice exacerbated endometriosis-associated hyperalgesia and promoted fibrogenesis in lesions even though it suppressed the PGE2 signaling dose-dependently. Dinoprostone 162-166 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 15-18 33850845-11 2021 Overexpression of COX2 and PGE2 in macrophages enhanced RGS12 expression, and PGE2 regulated RGS12 expression through the G-protein-coupled receptors EP2 and EP4. Dinoprostone 78-82 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 150-153 34598950-1 2021 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Pelly and colleagues show that inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis or its activity on EP2 and EP4 receptors synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and triggers a potent intratumoral IFNgamma response in mouse models and in fresh surgical human tumor explants. Dinoprostone 80-96 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 126-129 34405216-2 2021 PGE2 regulates blood pressure through its 4 G protein coupled receptors, i.e., EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 84-87 35543149-4 2022 In the present study, wild-type tumor cells, producing high levels of prostaglandin E2 (MCG 101 cells, EP2+/+), were inoculated into EP2 knockout (EP2-/-) and EP2 wild-type (EP2+/+) mice. Dinoprostone 70-86 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 103-106 34031121-2 2021 Here, we show that therapeutically targeting the COX-2/PGE2/EP2-4 pathway with widely used non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs synergized with ICB in mouse cancer models. Dinoprostone 55-59 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 60-65 33786738-4 2021 METHODS: First, we focused on the cAMP degradation pathways of DP and EP2 receptors stimulated by prostaglandin (PG) D2 or PGE2 using HEK cells stably expressing either human DP receptors or EP2 receptors. Dinoprostone 123-127 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 70-73 34712420-1 2021 Objectives: Prostaglandin E2 E-prostanoid 2 receptor (PGE2 EP2), downstream of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays an important role in inflammatory responses, but there are some reports about synaptic functions of COX-2 and PGE2 EP2 in the hippocampus. Dinoprostone 12-28 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 226-229 34712420-1 2021 Objectives: Prostaglandin E2 E-prostanoid 2 receptor (PGE2 EP2), downstream of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays an important role in inflammatory responses, but there are some reports about synaptic functions of COX-2 and PGE2 EP2 in the hippocampus. Dinoprostone 54-58 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 226-229 34712420-1 2021 Objectives: Prostaglandin E2 E-prostanoid 2 receptor (PGE2 EP2), downstream of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays an important role in inflammatory responses, but there are some reports about synaptic functions of COX-2 and PGE2 EP2 in the hippocampus. Dinoprostone 221-225 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 226-229 35260562-7 2022 Our data show that while PGE2 mediates migration and osteoclastogenesis via its EP2 and EP4 receptors, tissue-specific knockout of only the EP4 receptor in osteoclasts (EP4LysM) reduced disease progression and osteophyte formation in a murine model of OA. Dinoprostone 25-29 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 80-83 33848272-5 2021 We also identified that astrocyte-derived prostaglandin E2 directly activated, via EP2 receptors, AgRP neurons. Dinoprostone 42-58 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 83-86 33465467-6 2021 In in vitro study, when EP2 was blocked, the PGE2-inhibited cell migration was recovered. Dinoprostone 45-49 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 24-27 33473210-6 2021 In ageing macrophages and microglia, PGE2 signalling through its EP2 receptor promotes the sequestration of glucose into glycogen, reducing glucose flux and mitochondrial respiration. Dinoprostone 37-41 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 65-77 32407837-14 2020 Exogenous PGE2 attenuated BMcMC activation through EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 51-54 33035633-12 2021 This study demonstrated that inhibition of LPA1 attenuated neuroinflammation caused by ICH via PGE2/EP2/NOX2 signalling pathway in mice, which consequently improved neurobehavioral functions and alleviated brain oedema. Dinoprostone 95-99 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 100-103 32484881-14 2020 Thus, the PGE2-EP2/EP4 pathway activated by RBBP9 released from damaged lungs is important for pulmonary IL-33 production in nematode-infected animals. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 15-18 33059704-8 2020 Moreover, we observed that the pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptors largely replicated the beneficial effects of COX-1 deletion, suggesting that EP2 receptor was a critical downstream effector of COX-1-mediated neurotoxicity in rd10 mice. Dinoprostone 65-81 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 89-92 33059704-8 2020 Moreover, we observed that the pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptors largely replicated the beneficial effects of COX-1 deletion, suggesting that EP2 receptor was a critical downstream effector of COX-1-mediated neurotoxicity in rd10 mice. Dinoprostone 65-81 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 89-101 33059704-8 2020 Moreover, we observed that the pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptors largely replicated the beneficial effects of COX-1 deletion, suggesting that EP2 receptor was a critical downstream effector of COX-1-mediated neurotoxicity in rd10 mice. Dinoprostone 83-87 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 89-92 33059704-8 2020 Moreover, we observed that the pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptors largely replicated the beneficial effects of COX-1 deletion, suggesting that EP2 receptor was a critical downstream effector of COX-1-mediated neurotoxicity in rd10 mice. Dinoprostone 83-87 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 89-101 33059704-9 2020 CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the COX-1/PGE2/EP2 signaling pathway was partly responsible for significantly increased neuroinflammation and disease progression in rd10 mice, and that EP2 receptor could be targeted therapeutically to block the pathological activity of COX-1 without inducing any potential side effects in treating RP patients. Dinoprostone 44-48 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 49-52 33059704-9 2020 CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the COX-1/PGE2/EP2 signaling pathway was partly responsible for significantly increased neuroinflammation and disease progression in rd10 mice, and that EP2 receptor could be targeted therapeutically to block the pathological activity of COX-1 without inducing any potential side effects in treating RP patients. Dinoprostone 44-48 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 187-199 32502905-3 2020 Astrocytes can indirectly regulate the secretion of GnRH by binding paracrine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) specifically to the EP1 and EP2 receptors on GnRH neurons. Dinoprostone 78-94 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 130-133 32502905-3 2020 Astrocytes can indirectly regulate the secretion of GnRH by binding paracrine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) specifically to the EP1 and EP2 receptors on GnRH neurons. Dinoprostone 96-100 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 130-133 32502905-6 2020 Our data demonstrate that antagonizing the EP1 and EP2 receptors of PGE2 can restore abnormal levels of GnRH caused by Mn exposure. Dinoprostone 68-72 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 51-54 32502905-8 2020 These findings suggest that EP1 and EP2, the receptors of PGE2, may be the key to abnormal GnRH secretion caused by Mn exposure. Dinoprostone 58-62 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 36-39 31490357-8 2020 Our results indicate that the EP2 receptor plays a critical role in the positive feedback regulation of intestinal COX-2 by its end-product PGE2 during inflammation and may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of NEC. Dinoprostone 140-144 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 30-33 32432758-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes 1 (EP1) and 2 (EP2) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by TGF-beta1 in mouse mesangial cells (MCs) and to explore its potential mechanisms. Dinoprostone 58-74 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 108-111 32820026-5 2020 Exogenous PGE2 inhibited AM proliferation in an E prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2)-cyclic AMP-dependent manner. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 48-71 32820026-5 2020 Exogenous PGE2 inhibited AM proliferation in an E prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2)-cyclic AMP-dependent manner. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 73-76 32820026-6 2020 Furthermore, EP2 knockout (EP2 KO) mice exhibited elevated basal AM numbers, and their AMs resisted the ability of PGE2 and aged BALF to inhibit proliferation. Dinoprostone 115-119 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 13-16 32820026-6 2020 Furthermore, EP2 knockout (EP2 KO) mice exhibited elevated basal AM numbers, and their AMs resisted the ability of PGE2 and aged BALF to inhibit proliferation. Dinoprostone 115-119 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 27-30 32622526-0 2020 The positive effect of selective prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 and EP4 blockade on cystogenesis in vitro is counteracted by increased kidney inflammation in vivo. Dinoprostone 33-49 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 59-62 31617678-0 2020 Role of the PGE2 receptor subtypes EP1, EP2, and EP3 in repetitive traumatic brain injury. Dinoprostone 12-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-43 31715338-7 2020 We found that PGE2 and its receptor, EP2, repress pSmad2/3 levels and transactivation of Serpine1 in osteocytes. Dinoprostone 14-18 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 37-40 32411331-0 2020 Generation of Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Activation of the EP2 Receptor Contributes to Prostaglandin E2-Induced Cytotoxicity in Motor Neuron-Like NSC-34 Cells. Dinoprostone 96-112 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 68-80 32411331-3 2020 We have shown previously that PGE2 directly induces neuronal death through activation of the E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor in differentiated NSC-34 cells, a motor neuron-like cell line. Dinoprostone 30-34 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 93-121 32411331-5 2020 Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence analysis of PGE2-treated cells showed that intracellular ROS levels increased markedly with time, and that this effect was antagonized by a selective EP2 antagonist (PF-04418948) but not a selective EP3 antagonist (L-798,106). Dinoprostone 51-55 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 189-192 32411331-11 2020 Our data reveal the existence of a PGE2-EP2 signaling-dependent intracellular ROS generation pathway, with subsequent activation of the caspase-3 cascade, in differentiated NSC-34 cells, suggesting that PGE2 is likely a key molecule linking inflammation to oxidative stress in motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells. Dinoprostone 35-39 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-43 32411331-11 2020 Our data reveal the existence of a PGE2-EP2 signaling-dependent intracellular ROS generation pathway, with subsequent activation of the caspase-3 cascade, in differentiated NSC-34 cells, suggesting that PGE2 is likely a key molecule linking inflammation to oxidative stress in motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells. Dinoprostone 203-207 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-43 31243090-6 2019 We further demonstrated that COX-1-derived PGE2, via binding with its receptors EP2/EP4, represents the underlying mechanism. Dinoprostone 43-47 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 80-83 31301371-0 2019 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP2 signaling negatively regulates murine atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation by suppressing thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 24-27 31301371-0 2019 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP2 signaling negatively regulates murine atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation by suppressing thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression. Dinoprostone 18-22 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 24-27 31301371-9 2019 Indomethacin increased protease-activated receptor 2-mediated TSLP production in keratinocytes in vitro, and prostaglandin E2 reversed the increase in TSLP levels through its receptor, the prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP2), by downregulating surface expression of protease-activated receptor 2. Dinoprostone 109-125 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 216-219 31301371-9 2019 Indomethacin increased protease-activated receptor 2-mediated TSLP production in keratinocytes in vitro, and prostaglandin E2 reversed the increase in TSLP levels through its receptor, the prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP2), by downregulating surface expression of protease-activated receptor 2. Dinoprostone 189-205 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 216-219 31054202-0 2019 Activation of the prostaglandin E2 EP2 receptor attenuates renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstructed mice and human kidney slices. Dinoprostone 18-34 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 35-47 30926983-8 2019 PGE2 also induces chronic inflammation and various autoimmune diseases through T helper 1 (Th1)-cell differentiation, Th17-cell proliferation and IL-22 production from Th22 cells via the EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 187-190 30371325-3 2018 However, the involvement of prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 ( EP 2)-dependent regulation of macrophages in postischemic heart is unclear. Dinoprostone 28-44 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 58-62 30763657-4 2019 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has emerged as an important mediator of neuroinflammation-associated injury, in large part via activating its EP2 receptor subtype. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 134-146 30763657-4 2019 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has emerged as an important mediator of neuroinflammation-associated injury, in large part via activating its EP2 receptor subtype. Dinoprostone 18-22 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 134-146 30763657-7 2019 Our preclinical findings endorse the feasibility of blocking PGE2/EP2 signaling as an adjunctive strategy to treat prolonged seizures. Dinoprostone 61-65 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 66-69 30027346-2 2018 We hypothesized that an increase of renal EP2 or EP4 receptors and/or a downregulation of renal EP1 and EP3 receptors enhances PGE2-induced renal vasodilatation. Dinoprostone 127-131 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 42-45 31036664-0 2019 PGE2 signaling via the neuronal EP2 receptor increases injury in a model of cerebral ischemia. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 32-44 31036664-1 2019 The inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor is a master suppressor of beneficial microglial function, and myeloid EP2 signaling ablation reduces pathology in models of inflammatory neurodegeneration. Dinoprostone 17-33 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 41-53 31036664-1 2019 The inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor is a master suppressor of beneficial microglial function, and myeloid EP2 signaling ablation reduces pathology in models of inflammatory neurodegeneration. Dinoprostone 17-33 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 41-44 31036664-1 2019 The inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor is a master suppressor of beneficial microglial function, and myeloid EP2 signaling ablation reduces pathology in models of inflammatory neurodegeneration. Dinoprostone 35-39 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 41-53 31036664-1 2019 The inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor is a master suppressor of beneficial microglial function, and myeloid EP2 signaling ablation reduces pathology in models of inflammatory neurodegeneration. Dinoprostone 35-39 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 41-44 29935220-3 2019 OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the involvement, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of prostaglandin (PG) E2-EP2/EP4 signaling in induction of IL-23-driven pathogenic TH17 cells. Dinoprostone 101-122 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 123-126 29935220-6 2019 RESULTS: IL-23 induces Ptgs2, encoding COX2 in TH17 cells, and produces PGE2, which acts back on the PGE receptors EP2 and EP4 in these cells and enhances IL-23-induced expression of an IL-23 receptor subunit gene, Il23r, by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1, and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) through cyclic AMP-protein kinase A signaling. Dinoprostone 72-76 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 115-118 28687401-0 2018 Pathophysiological role of prostaglandin E2-induced up-regulation of the EP2 receptor in motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells and lumbar motor neurons in ALS model mice. Dinoprostone 27-43 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 73-85 28687401-4 2018 It has also been shown that PGE2-EP2 signaling in glial cells (astrocytes or microglia) promotes motor neuronal death in G93A mice. Dinoprostone 28-32 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 33-36 28687401-10 2018 Although PGE2 had no effect on cell survival at concentrations of less than 10 muM, pretreatment with 10 muM PGE2 significantly up-regulated EP2 and concomitantly potentiated cell death induced by 30 muM PGE2. Dinoprostone 109-113 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 141-144 28687401-10 2018 Although PGE2 had no effect on cell survival at concentrations of less than 10 muM, pretreatment with 10 muM PGE2 significantly up-regulated EP2 and concomitantly potentiated cell death induced by 30 muM PGE2. Dinoprostone 109-113 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 141-144 28687401-11 2018 These results suggest that PGE2 is an important effector for induction of the EP2 subtype in differentiated NSC-34 cells, and that not only EP2 up-regulation in glial cells but also EP2 up-regulation in motor neurons plays a pivotal role in the vulnerability of motor neurons in ALS model mice. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 78-81 28687401-11 2018 These results suggest that PGE2 is an important effector for induction of the EP2 subtype in differentiated NSC-34 cells, and that not only EP2 up-regulation in glial cells but also EP2 up-regulation in motor neurons plays a pivotal role in the vulnerability of motor neurons in ALS model mice. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 140-143 28687401-11 2018 These results suggest that PGE2 is an important effector for induction of the EP2 subtype in differentiated NSC-34 cells, and that not only EP2 up-regulation in glial cells but also EP2 up-regulation in motor neurons plays a pivotal role in the vulnerability of motor neurons in ALS model mice. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 140-143 28716915-5 2017 Here, we show that PGE2 uses cell-specific EP2 receptor-mediated increases in Ca2+ to dephosphorylate and translocate histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) to the nucleus for repression of 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Dinoprostone 19-23 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 43-55 29934349-11 2018 Here we provide evidence that the activation of EP2 prostaglandin receptors by prostaglandin E2, occurring downstream of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase 2 activation, mediates t-LTP at these synapses via changes in presynaptic function. Dinoprostone 79-95 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 48-51 30038227-2 2018 PGE2 and PGF2alpha were topically applied to induce transient OH in Wild-type (WT) and FP-, EP1-, EP2-, and EP3-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 98-101 29746568-11 2018 Our findings suggested that EP2 agonist protects podocytes by increasing expression of cAMP, which creates feedback of inhibiting PGE2 expression. Dinoprostone 130-134 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 28-31 28589946-4 2018 Using a murine bone marrow transplant (BMT) model, we show that overexpression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) post-BMT signals via EP2 or EP4 to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates protein kinase A or the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) to induce cAMP response element binding-dependent transcription of IL-1beta leading to exacerbated lung injury in BMT mice. Dinoprostone 82-98 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 127-130 28589946-4 2018 Using a murine bone marrow transplant (BMT) model, we show that overexpression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) post-BMT signals via EP2 or EP4 to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates protein kinase A or the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) to induce cAMP response element binding-dependent transcription of IL-1beta leading to exacerbated lung injury in BMT mice. Dinoprostone 100-104 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 127-130 28966102-4 2017 Exposure of undifferentiated NSC-34 cells to PGE2 and butaprost, an EP2-selective agonist, resulted in a reduction of MTT reduction activity without increase the number of propidium iodide-positive cells and in an increase in the number of neurite-bearing cells. Dinoprostone 45-49 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 68-71 28966102-6 2017 PGE2-induced neurite outgrowth was attenuated significantly in the presence of PF-0441848, an EP2-selective antagonist. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 94-97 28966102-8 2017 These results suggest that PGE2 promotes neurite outgrowth and suppresses cell proliferation by activating the EP2 subtype, and that the cAMP-signaling pathway is involved in PGE2-induced differentiation of NSC-34 cells. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 111-114 28281561-2 2017 In a preclinical mouse model of endometriosis we demonstrated overexpression of the PGE2-signaling pathway (including COX-2, EP2, EP4) in endometriosis lesions, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord, thalamus and forebrain. Dinoprostone 84-88 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 125-128 28341741-9 2017 Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that endogenous PGE2, EP2 receptors, and EPAC are prerequisites for maximal LPS-induced IL-33 expression and that exogenous PGE2 can amplify IL-33 production via EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 159-163 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 197-200 29259703-10 2017 In this process, PGE2-EP2 signaling synergizes with TNF-alpha to amplify TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory responses, forms a positive feedback loop involving COX-2-PGE2-EP2 signaling to exacerbate PG-mediated inflammation once triggered, and alternates active cell populations participating in inflammation through forming self-amplification loop among neutrophils. Dinoprostone 17-21 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 22-25 28174280-0 2017 Prostaglandin E2-EP2-NF-kappaB signaling in macrophages as a potential therapeutic target for intracranial aneurysms. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 17-20 28062696-5 2017 In this study, we show that, in addition to bone marrow-derived DCs, PGE2 inhibits IL-27 production in macrophages and in splenic cDC, and we identify a novel pathway consisting of signaling through EP2/EP4 induction of cAMP downregulation of IFN regulatory factor 1 expression and binding to the p28 IFN-stimulated response element site. Dinoprostone 69-73 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 199-202 28123585-0 2017 Host knockout of E-prostanoid 2 receptors reduces tumor growth and causes major alterations of gene expression in prostaglandin E2-producing tumors. Dinoprostone 114-130 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 17-31 26746866-9 2017 These findings support the premise that neuronal EP2 receptor activation by PGE2 protects brain against ICH injury in middle-aged mice through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and anti-MMP-2/9 activity. Dinoprostone 76-80 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 49-61 28592915-4 2017 Platelet PGE2 mediated the upregulation of IL-10 in both cell types via the PGE2 receptor EP2. Dinoprostone 9-13 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 90-93 28123585-4 2017 EP2-knockout mice were bred and implanted with EP2 receptor-expressing and PGE2-producing epithelial-like tumors. Dinoprostone 75-79 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 0-3 28123585-10 2017 Overall, PGE2 signaling via host EP2 receptors affected a large number of different genes involved in tumor progression based on signaling between host stroma and tumor cells, which caused reduced tumor growth. Dinoprostone 9-13 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 33-36 26369879-0 2016 Prostaglandin E2 EP2 activation reduces memory decline in R6/1 mouse model of Huntington"s disease by the induction of BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 17-20 26369879-3 2016 Several studies show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor stimulates synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Dinoprostone 26-42 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 50-62 26369879-3 2016 Several studies show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor stimulates synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Dinoprostone 44-48 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 50-62 26453752-6 2015 Furthermore, our results showed that bvPLA2 directly bound to CD206 on dendritic cells and consequently promoted the secretion of PGE2, which resulted in Treg differentiation via PGE2 (EP2) receptor signaling in Foxp3(-)CD4(+) T cells. Dinoprostone 130-134 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 185-198 26852804-0 2016 Prostaglandins E2 signal mediated by receptor subtype EP2 promotes IgE production in vivo and contributes to asthma development. Dinoprostone 0-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 54-57 26852804-3 2016 B cells from wild type and EP2-deficient mice were compared in culture for their responses to PGE2 in terms of IgE class switching and production. Dinoprostone 94-98 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 27-30 26852804-8 2016 Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PGE2, in an EP2-depedent manner, enhanced STAT6 activation induced by IL-4, thereby promoting the expression of IgE germline and post switch transcripts and the transcription of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Dinoprostone 38-42 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 50-53 26852804-9 2016 Collectively, these data support an important regulatory role of the PGE2-EP2-STAT6 signaling pathway in IgE response and allergic diseases. Dinoprostone 69-73 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 74-77 27190998-2 2016 The various biological functions governed by PGE2 are mediated through its four distinct prostaglandin E receptors (EPs), designated as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, among which the EP4 receptor is the one most widely distributed in the heart. Dinoprostone 45-49 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 141-144 26463992-4 2016 We found that TGF-beta1-induced PGE2 synthesis decreased in EP2-deleted MCs and increased in EP2-overexpressed MCs. Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 60-63 26463992-4 2016 We found that TGF-beta1-induced PGE2 synthesis decreased in EP2-deleted MCs and increased in EP2-overexpressed MCs. Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 93-96 26639895-0 2016 Role of EP2 and EP4 receptors in airway microvascular leak induced by prostaglandin E2. Dinoprostone 72-88 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 8-11 26639895-8 2016 A significant reduction in PGE2-induced MVL was demonstrated in Ptger2-/- and Ptger4-/- mice and in wild-type mice pretreated simultaneously with EP2 (PF-04418948) and EP4 (ER-819762) receptor antagonists. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 64-70 26639895-8 2016 A significant reduction in PGE2-induced MVL was demonstrated in Ptger2-/- and Ptger4-/- mice and in wild-type mice pretreated simultaneously with EP2 (PF-04418948) and EP4 (ER-819762) receptor antagonists. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 146-149 26639895-12 2016 The data presented highlight a key role for EP2 and EP4 receptors in MVL induced by PGE2. Dinoprostone 84-88 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 44-47 26505736-4 2016 KEY RESULTS: PGE2 inhibited PMA-induced NET formation in vitro through EP2 and EP4 Galphas-coupled receptors. Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 71-74 27298516-1 2016 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by cyclooxygenase pathways, exerts its bioactive responses by activating four E-prostanoid receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 188-191 27298516-1 2016 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by cyclooxygenase pathways, exerts its bioactive responses by activating four E-prostanoid receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. Dinoprostone 18-22 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 188-191 26453752-6 2015 Furthermore, our results showed that bvPLA2 directly bound to CD206 on dendritic cells and consequently promoted the secretion of PGE2, which resulted in Treg differentiation via PGE2 (EP2) receptor signaling in Foxp3(-)CD4(+) T cells. Dinoprostone 179-183 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 185-198 26400926-16 2015 This is probably because S-MSCs beneficially modulate the response of macrophages through an increased release of prostaglandin E2 acting on the EP2 and EP4 receptors of the macrophages, stimulating the production and release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Dinoprostone 114-130 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 145-148 25823713-10 2015 The relevance of MC to PGE2 -EP2 driven protection was further highlighted in MC-dependent PCA, where butaprost fully prevented MC-induced ear swelling. Dinoprostone 23-27 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 29-32 25823713-12 2015 CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The beneficial effect of both exogenous and endogenous PGE2 in aeroallergen-sensitized mice may be attributable to the activation of the EP2 receptor, which in turn acts as a restrainer of airway MC activity. Dinoprostone 93-97 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 175-187 26305786-0 2015 Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2 Signaling through Prostaglandin Receptor EP-2 Favor the Development of Myocarditis during Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Dinoprostone 21-37 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 79-83 26251825-3 2015 PGE2 signals through four G-protein-coupled receptors, including the EP2 receptor that has been investigated for its role in mediating the inflammatory and phagocytic responses to Abeta4. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 69-81 26118414-4 2015 Of note, PGE2 phosphorylates CREB via EP2 and EP4 receptor ligation, thereby transcriptionally increasing C/EBP-beta expression in BALB/c bone marrow derived macrophages. Dinoprostone 9-13 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 38-41 26305786-7 2015 T. cruzi infections in COX-2 or PGE2-dependent prostaglandin receptor EP-2 deficient mice indicate that both, COX-2 and EP-2 signaling contribute significantly to the heart leukocyte infiltration and to the release of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines in the heart of T. cruzi infected mice. Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 70-74 26305786-7 2015 T. cruzi infections in COX-2 or PGE2-dependent prostaglandin receptor EP-2 deficient mice indicate that both, COX-2 and EP-2 signaling contribute significantly to the heart leukocyte infiltration and to the release of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines in the heart of T. cruzi infected mice. Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 120-124 26197930-0 2015 Food intake, tumor growth, and weight loss in EP2 receptor subtype knockout mice bearing PGE2-producing tumors. Dinoprostone 89-93 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 46-58 26018088-0 2015 Definition of Prostaglandin E2-EP2 Signals in the Colon Tumor Microenvironment That Amplify Inflammation and Tumor Growth. Dinoprostone 14-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 31-34 26197930-5 2015 Prostaglandin D2 synthase levels were increased significantly in EP2 receptor knockouts, suggesting that improved food intake may depend on altered balance of prostaglandin production in hypothalamus since PGE2 and PGD2 display opposing effects in feeding control. Dinoprostone 206-210 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 65-77 25656476-3 2015 We recently demonstrated that inhibition of the EP2 receptor for PGE2 reduces neuronal injury in mice following pilocarpine-induced SE. Dinoprostone 65-69 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 48-60 25625500-0 2015 Lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation and facilitates lung metastasis in a breast cancer model via the prostaglandin E2-EP2 pathway. Dinoprostone 105-121 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 122-125 25625500-14 2015 These results demonstrated that PGE2 may regulate the release of VEGF by MPVECs through the EP2 receptor pathway and thereby promoted pulmonary angiogenesis and breast cancer metastasis in a mouse model. Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 92-104 25038274-3 2015 Here, we review the recent advances in PGE2 receptor research by focusing on the activation of mast cells via the EP3 receptor and the control of helper T cells via the EP2/4 receptor, which are the molecular mechanisms involved in PGE2-induced inflammation that had been unknown for many years. Dinoprostone 39-43 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 169-183 25873308-2 2015 Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is significantly upregulated following ICH and contributes to this inflammatory response in part through its E prostanoid receptor subtype 2 (EP2). Dinoprostone 14-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 147-178 25873308-2 2015 Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is significantly upregulated following ICH and contributes to this inflammatory response in part through its E prostanoid receptor subtype 2 (EP2). Dinoprostone 14-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 180-183 25873308-2 2015 Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is significantly upregulated following ICH and contributes to this inflammatory response in part through its E prostanoid receptor subtype 2 (EP2). Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 147-178 25873308-2 2015 Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is significantly upregulated following ICH and contributes to this inflammatory response in part through its E prostanoid receptor subtype 2 (EP2). Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 180-183 25600211-1 2015 As a prominent inflammatory effector of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates brain inflammation and injury in many chronic central nervous system (CNS) conditions including seizures and epilepsy, largely through its receptor subtype EP2. Dinoprostone 66-82 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 255-258 25600211-1 2015 As a prominent inflammatory effector of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates brain inflammation and injury in many chronic central nervous system (CNS) conditions including seizures and epilepsy, largely through its receptor subtype EP2. Dinoprostone 84-88 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 255-258 25781635-7 2015 Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis showed that COX-2, EP2, Galphas and beta-catenin, key factors involving in PGE2 signal transduction, were positive staining with higher H scores in Non-treatment Tg mice, while the expressions were suppressed significantly by 0.1% canolol (P<0.001). Dinoprostone 118-122 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 62-65 24768319-8 2015 Indeed, it has been shown that PGE2 prevents human and murine MC activity in vitro through activation of the EP2 receptor, and also that both exogenously administered and endogenous PGE2 inhibit airway MC activity in vivo in mouse models of asthma (likely through an EP2-mediated mechanism as well). Dinoprostone 31-35 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 109-121 25614334-9 2015 The inhibitory effects of PGE2 on P2Y6 receptor-mediated responses were mimicked by the selective EP2 receptor agonist. Dinoprostone 26-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 98-110 25485684-7 2015 Our findings indicate that EP2 signaling suppresses beneficial microglia functions that falter during AD development and suggest that inhibition of the COX/PGE2/EP2 immune pathway has potential as a strategy to restore healthy microglial function and prevent progression to AD. Dinoprostone 156-160 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 27-30 25205726-7 2015 All inhibitors of EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptors suppressed the PAR1-triggered PGE2 release. Dinoprostone 80-84 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 23-26 24768319-8 2015 Indeed, it has been shown that PGE2 prevents human and murine MC activity in vitro through activation of the EP2 receptor, and also that both exogenously administered and endogenous PGE2 inhibit airway MC activity in vivo in mouse models of asthma (likely through an EP2-mediated mechanism as well). Dinoprostone 31-35 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 109-112 24768319-8 2015 Indeed, it has been shown that PGE2 prevents human and murine MC activity in vitro through activation of the EP2 receptor, and also that both exogenously administered and endogenous PGE2 inhibit airway MC activity in vivo in mouse models of asthma (likely through an EP2-mediated mechanism as well). Dinoprostone 182-186 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 109-112 25234310-9 2014 Activation of the COX-2-PGE2-EP2 axis appears to be a specific response to FFSS in podocytes and provides a mechanistic basis for alteration in podocyte structure and the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to albuminuria in hyperfiltration-mediated kidney injury. Dinoprostone 24-28 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 29-32 25451967-3 2015 However, the role of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP2 receptor in hemin neurotoxicity remains unclear. Dinoprostone 25-41 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 49-52 25327961-8 2014 Collectively, the investigation indicates that EP2 may block p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and CREB1 phosphorylation via activation of cAMP production and stimulation of PGE2 through EP2 receptors which prevent TGFbeta1-induced MCs damage. Dinoprostone 156-160 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 47-50 24923772-12 2014 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Activation of the PGE2 -EP2 or -EP4 receptor signal induces vasodilatation in mural cells, resulting in increased local blood flow and hyper-permeability. Dinoprostone 48-52 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 54-57 25461458-0 2014 EP2 and EP4 receptors mediate PGE2 induced relaxation in murine colonic circular muscle: pharmacological characterization. Dinoprostone 30-34 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 0-3 25461458-2 2014 The aim of the present work is to pharmacologically characterize responses to exogenous and endogenous PGE2 in the mouse colon targeting EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 103-107 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 137-140 25461458-5 2014 Combination of both EP2 (PF-04418948 0.1muM) and EP4 receptor antagonists (L-161,982 10muM) was needed to block both electrical and mechanical PGE2 responses. Dinoprostone 143-147 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 20-23 25461458-7 2014 In EP2-KO mice, PGE2 (but not butaprost) concentration-dependently inhibited spontaneous contractions and hyperpolarized smooth muscle cells. Dinoprostone 16-20 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 3-6 25461458-8 2014 In EP2-KO mice, PGE2 inhibition of spontaneous contractility and hyperpolarization was fully antagonized by L-161,982 10muM. Dinoprostone 16-20 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 3-6 25461458-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: PGE2 responses in murine circular colonic layer are mediated by post-junctional EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 93-96 25461458-11 2014 PF-04418948 and L-161,982 are selective EP2 and EP4 receptor antagonists that inhibit PGE2 responses. Dinoprostone 86-90 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-43 24948368-8 2014 COX-1-derived prostaglandin E2 promoted PMN-MDSC generation in bone marrow through E prostanoid 2 and 4 receptors (EP2 and EP4), whereas the impaired arginase-1 expression in PMN-MDSCs in COX-1 KO mice was mediated by dysregulation of the prostaglandin E2/EP4/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway. Dinoprostone 14-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 115-118 25049356-10 2014 Augmented PGE2 production was also found in splenocytes of infected mice, and administration of EP2 antagonist in mice resulted in reduced liver and spleen parasite burden along with host-favorable T cell response. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 96-99 25049356-11 2014 These results suggest that Leishmania facilitates an immunosuppressive environment in macrophages by PGE2-driven, EP2-mediated cAMP signaling that is differentially regulated by PKA and EPAC. Dinoprostone 101-105 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 114-117 24448489-5 2014 Further analyses suggest that cardiac stem cells are PGE2-responsive and that PGE2 may regulate stem cell activity directly through the EP2 receptor or indirectly by modulating its micro-environment in vivo. Dinoprostone 78-82 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 136-148 25088998-6 2014 The enhanced production of IFN-gamma and IL-17A was abolished by EP2 and EP4 antagonists, demonstrating PGE2 was responsible for enhanced cytokine production. Dinoprostone 104-108 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 65-68 24781425-3 2014 WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The requirement for PGE2 in ovulation and the release of an oocyte surrounded by expanded cumulus cells (cumulus-oocyte expansion; C-OE) was established through the generation of PTGS2 and PTGER2 null-mutant mice. Dinoprostone 43-47 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 212-218 24418675-16 2014 PGE2 mediated ATF4 phosphorylation involved signaling primarily through the EP2 and EP4 receptors and PGE2 induced an EP4-ERK1/2-RSK2 complex formation. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 76-79 24622825-7 2014 The effects of PGE2 on various gastric functions are mediated by different EP receptor subtypes; inhibition of acid secretion (EP3) and motility (EP1), stimulation of mucus secretion (EP4) and HCO3- secretion (EP1), and an increase in mucosal blood flow (EP2/EP4). Dinoprostone 15-19 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 255-258 23064451-10 2013 Because EP2 (not EP1) also increases intracellular cyclic AMP, we conclude that PGE2 inhibited PAR2-dependent signal transduction by inducing the internalization of PAR2 through an EP2-dependent increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. Dinoprostone 80-84 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 8-11 24089506-2 2013 Here, we investigated the cell-specific in vivo function of PGE2 signaling through its E-prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor in murine innate immune responses systemically and in the CNS. Dinoprostone 60-64 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 87-116 23913961-11 2013 A role for endogenous PGE2 in the modulation of antistreptococcal host defense was suggested, because mice lacking the genes encoding the microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 or the EP2 receptor were protected from death, as were mice treated with the EP4 receptor antagonist, GW627368X. Dinoprostone 22-26 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 172-184 23514786-4 2013 Exposure to PGE2 and butaprost, an EP2 agonist, but not sulprostone, an EP1/3 agonist, resulted in decreased viability of these cells. Dinoprostone 12-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 35-38 23514786-5 2013 These results suggest that PGE2 induces cell death by activation of EP2 in NSC-34 cells. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 68-71 23499643-5 2013 Mechanistically, MSCs-derived PGE2, through the receptors EP2 and EP4, promoted the release of IL-10 and inhibited the production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by macrophages. Dinoprostone 30-34 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 58-61 23064451-10 2013 Because EP2 (not EP1) also increases intracellular cyclic AMP, we conclude that PGE2 inhibited PAR2-dependent signal transduction by inducing the internalization of PAR2 through an EP2-dependent increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. Dinoprostone 80-84 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 181-184 21606476-5 2011 RESULTS: In agreement with previous studies, it was found that the EP(2) receptor mediates PGE(2)-induced relaxation of guinea pig, murine and monkey trachea and that the EP(4) receptor mediates PGE(2)-induced relaxation of the rat trachea. Dinoprostone 91-97 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 67-81 22953728-0 2013 Increased prostaglandin E2-EP2 signalling in cumulus cells of female mice sired by males with the Y-chromosome long-arm deletion. Dinoprostone 10-26 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 27-30 22420773-12 2012 CONCLUSIONS: PGE2 stimulates Cx isoforms via GSK-3beta/beta-catenin via EP2-receptor-dependent cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt in mouse ESCs, thereby partially contributing to the maintenance of their undifferentiated state. Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 72-84 21761157-5 2012 The elevated Cyclooxygenase-2 activity in many malignancies promotes tumor growth and metastasis by producing high levels of PGE(2) which acts on the prostaglandin E receptors, chiefly EP4 and EP2. Dinoprostone 125-131 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 193-196 22306906-7 2012 The ability of PGE2 to inhibit NK cells from tumor-bearing mice is by acting on EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 15-19 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 80-83 22306906-12 2012 Taken together these data show that NK functions are depressed in tumor-bearing hosts relative to normal NK cells and that PGE2 suppresses NK functions by acting on EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 123-127 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 165-168 23029485-8 2012 Elevated levels of PGE2 by tumor cells can directly recruit CD4+CD25+ cells through interactions with their EP2 and/or EP4 receptors, an effect that was blocked using anti-PGE2 antibody. Dinoprostone 19-23 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 108-111 23029485-8 2012 Elevated levels of PGE2 by tumor cells can directly recruit CD4+CD25+ cells through interactions with their EP2 and/or EP4 receptors, an effect that was blocked using anti-PGE2 antibody. Dinoprostone 172-176 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 108-111 23028440-8 2012 Meanwhile, mRNA levels of EP2 (PGE2 receptor), which expressed in the middle ear epithelia as demonstrated by IHC, were already increased at P14 even before the occurrence of OM, indicating that PGE2, an inflammatory mediator, is involved in the OM development in the mutants. Dinoprostone 31-35 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 26-29 21896757-0 2011 Prostaglandin E2 release from astrocytes triggers gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron firing via EP2 receptor activation. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 106-118 21636806-0 2011 Targeted disruption of the prostaglandin E2 E-prostanoid 2 receptor exacerbates vascular neointimal formation in mice. Dinoprostone 27-43 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 44-58 20959465-1 2010 The prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), EP2, plays important roles in mouse skin tumor development (Chun, K. S., Lao, H. C., Trempus, C. S., Okada, M., and Langenbach, R. (2009) Carcinogenesis 30, 1620-1627). Dinoprostone 4-22 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 67-70 21116297-2 2011 Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), acting through its four receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4), is involved in these stress responses. Dinoprostone 0-18 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 77-80 20697426-1 2011 We have previously reported that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandin (PG)E2 critically regulates dendritic cell (DC) inflammatory phenotype and function through EP2/EP4 receptor subtypes. Dinoprostone 64-84 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 170-186 20697426-5 2011 Flow cytometry analysis and radioligand-binding assay showed that EP2 was the major EP receptor subtype, which binds to PGE2 at the surface of anti-CD40-activated mBM-DC. Dinoprostone 120-124 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 66-69 20697426-8 2011 Triggering the PGE2/EP2 pathway by anti-CD40 mAb resulted on the induction of Th2 immune response. Dinoprostone 15-19 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 20-23 20697426-9 2011 Thus, CD40-induced production of PGE2 by mBM-DC could represent a negative feedback mechanism involving EP2 receptor and limiting the propagation of Th1 responses. Dinoprostone 33-37 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 104-116 21268125-1 2011 We previously reported that cycloogenase (COX)-2-generated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) had anti-apoptotic effects in UVB-exposed mouse skin that involved EP2-mediated signaling (Chun et al., Cancer Res. Dinoprostone 59-75 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 150-153 21268125-1 2011 We previously reported that cycloogenase (COX)-2-generated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) had anti-apoptotic effects in UVB-exposed mouse skin that involved EP2-mediated signaling (Chun et al., Cancer Res. Dinoprostone 77-81 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 150-153 21268125-11 2011 These data suggest that COX-2-generated PGE2 regulates survivin expression in mouse skin, in part, via an EP2-mediated EGFR/STAT3 pathway. Dinoprostone 40-44 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 106-109 19897661-6 2010 Collectively, this investigation establishes EP2 as a potent mediator of the anti-TGF-beta activities elicited by COX-2/PGE2 in normal and malignant MECs. Dinoprostone 120-124 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 45-48 20522650-2 2010 One potential target is selective suppression of microglial prostaglandin E(2) receptor subtype 2 (EP2) function, which influences microglial phagocytosis and elaboration of neurotoxic cytokines. Dinoprostone 60-78 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 99-102 20470757-5 2010 As is the case with gammadelta T cells, we show that PGE(2) binds on E-prostanoid 2 (EP2) and EP4 receptors on NK cells. Dinoprostone 53-59 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 69-83 20470757-5 2010 As is the case with gammadelta T cells, we show that PGE(2) binds on E-prostanoid 2 (EP2) and EP4 receptors on NK cells. Dinoprostone 53-59 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 85-88 20447753-0 2010 Ultrasound stimulation induces PGE(2) synthesis promoting cementoblastic differentiation through EP2/EP4 receptor pathway. Dinoprostone 31-37 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 97-113 19023895-7 2009 RCJ3.1C5.18 chondrocytes transfected with the protein kinase A (PKA) responsive reporter, CRE-luciferase, showed luciferase induction following exposure to PGE2, consistent with activation of PKA signaling and the presence of the EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 156-160 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 230-233 19881295-8 2009 PDE3 and 4 inhibitors were found to increase EP1/3, EP4 and/or EP2 agonist-stimulated RANKL expression, indicating that PDE3 and PDE4 negatively regulate PGE2-induced RANKL mRNA expression through four EPs. Dinoprostone 154-158 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 63-66 19389932-9 2009 These results indicate that prostaglandin E2 signaling via either EP1 or EP2 is largely to completely necessary for Toll-like receptor 4-dependent depletion of IPCs from the SGZ and suggest further pharmacological strategies to protect this important neurogenic niche. Dinoprostone 28-44 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 73-76 19878559-11 2009 Finally, lung EP2 receptor levels remained high in mice treated with PGE2, but not in those treated with sulprostone. Dinoprostone 69-73 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 14-26 19878559-12 2009 CONCLUSION: The lung COX-2/PGE2/EP2 receptor pathway is upregulated in HDM-exposed mice, possibly as an effort to attenuate allergen-induced airway inflammation. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 32-44 19878559-13 2009 Exogenous PGE2 downregulates its endogenous counterpart but maintains EP2 overexpression, a phenomenon that might be required for administered PGE2 to exert its protective effect. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 70-73 19878559-13 2009 Exogenous PGE2 downregulates its endogenous counterpart but maintains EP2 overexpression, a phenomenon that might be required for administered PGE2 to exert its protective effect. Dinoprostone 143-147 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 70-73 19729484-4 2009 Previously, the prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2, was shown to regulate neuroinflammation and reduce Abeta plaque burden in transgenic mice. Dinoprostone 16-32 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 43-46 19407341-12 2009 These results suggest that PGE(2)-stimulated production of Abeta involves EP(4) receptor-mediated endocytosis of PS-1 followed by activation of the gamma-secretase, as well as EP(2) receptor-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase and PKA, both of which are important in the inflammation-mediated progression of Alzheimer disease. Dinoprostone 27-33 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 176-190 19157987-3 2009 Prostaglandin (PG) E(2) is a metabolite from arachidonic acid, and exerts its functions through G-protein-coupled receptors called EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. Dinoprostone 0-23 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 136-139 18410593-8 2008 This occurs despite the potential of the suppressed PGE2 in affording cardioprotection via its EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 52-56 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 95-98 18406186-0 2008 Effect of deletion of the prostaglandin EP2 receptor on the anabolic response to prostaglandin E2 and a selective EP2 receptor agonist. Dinoprostone 81-97 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-52 18407349-0 2008 Cyclooxygenase-2 derived PGE2 and PGI2 play an important role via EP2 and PPARdelta receptors in early steps of oil induced decidualization in mice. Dinoprostone 25-29 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 66-69 18407349-10 2008 Our data suggest that COX2 derived both PGE2 and PGI2 mediate its function via EP2 and PPARdelta receptors in early steps of decidualization in mice. Dinoprostone 40-44 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 79-82 19012750-1 2009 Our laboratory demonstrated previously that PGE2-induced modulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission is via a pre-synaptic PGE2 EP2 receptor. Dinoprostone 44-48 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 132-135 19012750-7 2009 Bath application of PGE2 or butaprost, an EP2 receptor agonist, increased synaptic transmission and decreased paired-pulses ratio in EP2 WT mice, but failed to induce the changes in EP2 KO mice. Dinoprostone 20-24 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 42-54 19012750-7 2009 Bath application of PGE2 or butaprost, an EP2 receptor agonist, increased synaptic transmission and decreased paired-pulses ratio in EP2 WT mice, but failed to induce the changes in EP2 KO mice. Dinoprostone 20-24 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 42-45 19012750-7 2009 Bath application of PGE2 or butaprost, an EP2 receptor agonist, increased synaptic transmission and decreased paired-pulses ratio in EP2 WT mice, but failed to induce the changes in EP2 KO mice. Dinoprostone 20-24 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 133-136 19012750-9 2009 In addition, the PGE2-enhanced synaptic transmission was significantly attenuated by application of PKA, IP3 or MAPK inhibitors in EP2 WT animals. Dinoprostone 17-21 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 131-134 18825663-0 2008 The prostaglandin E2 EP2 receptor accelerates disease progression and inflammation in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dinoprostone 4-20 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 21-33 18825663-10 2008 INTERPRETATION: These data suggest that prostaglandin E(2) signaling via the EP2 receptor functions in the mutant SOD model and more broadly in inflammatory neurodegeneration to regulate expression of a cassette of proinflammatory genes. Dinoprostone 40-58 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 77-89 18456799-8 2008 As a consequence of decreased EP(2) receptor expression, we found diminished accumulation of cAMP in response to PGE(2) stimulation in GM-CSF-/- BMT AMs compared with control BMT AMs. Dinoprostone 113-119 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 30-44 17277233-0 2007 Prostaglandin receptor EP2 is responsible for cyclooxygenase-2 induction by prostaglandin E2 in mouse skin. Dinoprostone 76-92 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 23-26 18097066-7 2008 The suppressive effects of PGE2 were mimicked by the EP2-selective receptor agonist, butaprost, by cAMP activation, and were lost in murine lung fibroblasts that lack EP2. Dinoprostone 27-31 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 167-170 17997221-8 2007 Exposure to prostaglandin-E(2) decreased the maximum peak current amplitude of glycinergic currents in GlyRalpha2/mEP2 transfected cells in the same manner as phosphorylation of the GlyRalpha3 subunit. Dinoprostone 12-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 114-118 17277233-1 2007 The EP2 prostanoid receptor is one of the four subtypes of receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Dinoprostone 73-89 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 4-7 17277233-1 2007 The EP2 prostanoid receptor is one of the four subtypes of receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Dinoprostone 91-95 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 4-7 17277233-5 2007 Further, primary keratinocytes from EP2 transgenic mice had increased COX-2 expression after either TPA or PGE2 treatment and COX-2 expression was blocked by 10 microM SQ 22,536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. Dinoprostone 107-111 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 36-39 17277233-6 2007 EP2 knockout mice had significantly decreased, whereas EP2 transgenic mice had significantly increased PGE2 production in response to a single treatment of TPA. Dinoprostone 103-107 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 55-58 17277233-7 2007 Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation was elevated to a greater extent in keratinocytes from EP2 transgenic mice compared with those of WT mice following PGE2 treatment. Dinoprostone 183-187 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 122-125 17277233-8 2007 A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor reduced PGE2-mediated CREB phosphorylation in keratinocytes from EP2 transgenic mice. Dinoprostone 43-47 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 100-103 17277233-10 2007 PGE2-induced DNA synthesis (cell proliferation) was significantly decreased in keratinocytes from EP2 knockout mice following pretreatment with 10 microM SQ 22,536. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 98-101 17277233-11 2007 Taken together, EP2 activation of the PKA/CREB-signaling pathway is responsible for keratinocyte proliferation and our findings reveal a positive feedback loop between COX-2 and PGE2 that is mediated by the EP2 receptor. Dinoprostone 178-182 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 16-19 17277233-11 2007 Taken together, EP2 activation of the PKA/CREB-signaling pathway is responsible for keratinocyte proliferation and our findings reveal a positive feedback loop between COX-2 and PGE2 that is mediated by the EP2 receptor. Dinoprostone 178-182 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 207-219 17699770-0 2007 Sequential down-regulation of E-cadherin with squamous cell carcinoma progression: loss of E-cadherin via a prostaglandin E2-EP2 dependent posttranslational mechanism. Dinoprostone 108-124 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 125-128 17699770-10 2007 We also show that UV irradiation, via the PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway, may initiate tumorigenesis in keratinocytes by down-regulating E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts through its mobilization away from the cell membrane, internalization into the cytoplasm, and shuttling through the lysosome and proteasome degradation pathways. Dinoprostone 42-46 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 47-50 17699770-11 2007 Further understanding of how UV-PGE2-EP2 down-regulates E-cadherin may lead to novel chemopreventative strategies for the treatment of skin and other epithelial cancers. Dinoprostone 32-36 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 37-40 19847955-8 2007 CONCLUSION: COX-2-derived PGE2 may play an important role in resistance to HCl/EtOH damage in H. pylori-infected mice by activating EP1, EP2, and EP4. Dinoprostone 26-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 137-140 17644362-3 2007 In previous studies, mice deficient in the prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) EP2 receptor had resting systolic blood pressure (BP) that was significantly lower than that of wild-type controls. Dinoprostone 43-59 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 69-81 17199550-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), which exerts its biologic actions via EP receptors (EP(1), EP(2), EP(3,) and EP(4)), is a bioactive metabolite of arachidonic acid that is produced by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and/or COX-2. Dinoprostone 12-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 100-105 17483367-6 2007 BALB/c EP2 knockout mice inoculated with the spontaneously metastatic BALB/c-derived 4T1 mammary carcinoma have delayed tumor growth and reduced numbers of MDSC relative to wild-type mice, suggesting that PGE2 partially mediates MDSC induction through the EP2 receptor. Dinoprostone 205-209 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 7-10 17483367-6 2007 BALB/c EP2 knockout mice inoculated with the spontaneously metastatic BALB/c-derived 4T1 mammary carcinoma have delayed tumor growth and reduced numbers of MDSC relative to wild-type mice, suggesting that PGE2 partially mediates MDSC induction through the EP2 receptor. Dinoprostone 205-209 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 256-268 17332329-11 2007 The data suggest that COX-2-generated PGE(2) has antiapoptotic roles in UVB-exposed mouse skin that involves EP2- and EP4-mediated signaling. Dinoprostone 38-44 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 109-112 16766399-5 2006 RESULTS: In the EP2 receptor knockout mice, there was significant inhibition of the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier caused by lipopolysaccharides, paracentesis, prostaglandin E2, SDF-1, and RANTES. Dinoprostone 169-185 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 16-28 16732324-0 2006 EP2, a receptor for PGE2, regulates tumor angiogenesis through direct effects on endothelial cell motility and survival. Dinoprostone 20-24 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 0-3 16732324-2 2006 We studied the role of EP2, a receptor for PGE2, in tumor angiogenesis using EP2 knockout mice. Dinoprostone 43-47 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 23-26 16732324-5 2006 In addition, EP2-/- ECs showed impaired cell motility on collagen-coated surface and they responded poorly to PGE2-induced cell migration compared to control cells. Dinoprostone 110-114 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 13-16 16732324-9 2006 Moreover, our finding suggests that EP2 is a major receptor in PGE2-mediated cell motility in ECs. Dinoprostone 63-67 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 36-39 16886605-9 2006 CONCLUSION: PGE2, acting through EP2, enhanced lung tumorigenesis through a mechanism that may be distinct from its proinflammatory activity. Dinoprostone 12-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 33-36 17075575-0 2007 Prostaglandin E2 is required for ultraviolet B-induced skin inflammation via EP2 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 77-80 17075575-9 2007 These data suggest that PGE(2)-EP2/EP4 signaling is mandatory in UV-induced acute skin inflammation, presumably by enhancing blood flow in the microenvironment. Dinoprostone 24-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 31-34 16607275-7 2006 EP2 TG mice showed significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the epidermis after prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment. Dinoprostone 104-120 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 0-3 16607275-7 2006 EP2 TG mice showed significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the epidermis after prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment. Dinoprostone 122-126 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 0-3 16607275-12 2006 Together, our results suggest that the overexpression of the EP2 receptor plays a significant role in the protumorigenic action of PGE2 in mouse skin. Dinoprostone 131-135 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 61-73 16766399-7 2006 CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present experiments suggest that EP2 and EP4 receptors partly mediate the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and leukocyte infiltration induced by prostaglandin E2, SDF-1, RANTES, and lipopolysaccharides. Dinoprostone 184-200 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 65-68 16230392-1 2005 The EP2 receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a membrane receptor that mediates at least part of the action of PGE2. Dinoprostone 21-37 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 4-16 16338931-6 2006 When plated on ECM, their expression of EP2 and EP4, receptors linked to PGE2-induced activation of adenylyl cyclase, is strongly stimulated. Dinoprostone 73-77 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-43 16267225-4 2005 Recent studies implicate the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E prostanoid subtype 2 (EP2) receptor in the development of the innate immune response in brain. Dinoprostone 29-45 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 53-90 16267225-4 2005 Recent studies implicate the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E prostanoid subtype 2 (EP2) receptor in the development of the innate immune response in brain. Dinoprostone 47-51 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 53-90 16267225-9 2005 Our results indicate that PGE2 signaling via the EP2 receptor promotes age-dependent oxidative damage and increased Abeta peptide burden in this model of AD, possibly via effects on BACE1 activity. Dinoprostone 26-30 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 49-61 16446378-0 2006 Prostacyclin-IP signaling and prostaglandin E2-EP2/EP4 signaling both mediate joint inflammation in mouse collagen-induced arthritis. Dinoprostone 30-46 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 47-50 16446378-9 2006 Our results show significant roles of both PGI2-IP and PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling in the development of CIA, and suggest that inhibition of PGE2 synthesis alone may not be sufficient for suppression of RA symptoms. Dinoprostone 55-59 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 60-63 17167224-0 2006 Activating of ATP-dependent K+ channels comprised of K(ir) 6.2 and SUR 2B by PGE2 through EP2 receptor in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal from murine small intestine. Dinoprostone 77-81 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 90-102 16230392-1 2005 The EP2 receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a membrane receptor that mediates at least part of the action of PGE2. Dinoprostone 39-43 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 4-16 16230392-1 2005 The EP2 receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a membrane receptor that mediates at least part of the action of PGE2. Dinoprostone 113-117 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 4-16 16230392-9 2005 EP2 knockout mice also had significantly reduced epidermal cyclic AMP levels after PGE2 treatment compared with WT mice. Dinoprostone 83-87 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 0-3 16230392-11 2005 Our data suggest that the EP2 receptor plays a significant role in the protumorigenic action of PGE2 in skin tumor development. Dinoprostone 96-100 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 26-38 16189372-3 2005 PGE2 acts through four different receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) that may explain some of PGE2"s diverse effects. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 57-60 16189372-3 2005 PGE2 acts through four different receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) that may explain some of PGE2"s diverse effects. Dinoprostone 101-105 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 57-60 16081835-0 2005 Prostaglandin E2 stimulates granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production via the prostanoid EP2 receptor in mouse peritoneal neutrophils. Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 85-108 16081835-5 2005 Indeed, the effect of PGE2 on G-CSF release was abolished in neutrophils isolated from EP2-deficient mice. Dinoprostone 22-26 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 87-90 16081835-9 2005 Moreover, EP2-deficient mice exhibited a strikingly reduced G-CSF content in peritoneal exudates with comparable responses in neutrophil migration and local PGE2 production at 6 h postinjection. Dinoprostone 157-161 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 10-13 16081835-10 2005 These results suggest that the PGE2-EP2 system contributes to the local production of G-CSF during acute inflammation. Dinoprostone 31-35 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 36-39 15912885-3 2005 Previously, we have shown that mice lacking one specific receptor for PGE2, EP2 (EP2-/-), are protected from the indirect neurotoxic effects of cerebral innate immune response mediated by CD14-dependent activation. Dinoprostone 70-74 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 76-79 15930264-7 2005 Total cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were reduced in Ep2-/- mammary glands suggesting that PGE2 signaling via the EP2 receptor activates the Gs/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. Dinoprostone 85-89 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 47-50 15930264-7 2005 Total cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were reduced in Ep2-/- mammary glands suggesting that PGE2 signaling via the EP2 receptor activates the Gs/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. Dinoprostone 85-89 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 108-120 15930264-9 2005 These data suggest that PGE2 signaling via the EP2 receptor in mammary epithelial cells regulate mammary gland hyperplasia by the cAMP-dependent induction of amphiregulin. Dinoprostone 24-28 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 47-59 15834134-11 2005 Thus, osteoclast precursors down-regulate their own EP2 and EP4 levels during their differentiation into osteoclasts to escape inhibitory effects of PGE2 on bone resorption. Dinoprostone 149-153 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 52-55 15912885-3 2005 Previously, we have shown that mice lacking one specific receptor for PGE2, EP2 (EP2-/-), are protected from the indirect neurotoxic effects of cerebral innate immune response mediated by CD14-dependent activation. Dinoprostone 70-74 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 81-84 15719070-4 2005 Mice deficient in EP2 receptors (EP2-/- mice) completely lack spinal PGE2-evoked hyperalgesia. Dinoprostone 69-73 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 18-21 15647289-3 2005 PGE2 enhanced osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells in the presence of RANKL through EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptors. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 94-97 15647289-4 2005 RANKL-induced degradation of I kappa B alpha and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in RAW264.7 cells were up-regulated by PGE2 in a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner, suggesting that EP2 and EP4 signals cross-talk with RANK signals. Dinoprostone 144-148 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 226-229 15719070-4 2005 Mice deficient in EP2 receptors (EP2-/- mice) completely lack spinal PGE2-evoked hyperalgesia. Dinoprostone 69-73 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 33-36 12618527-7 2003 Our data demonstrate an important role for the EP2 receptor in PGE(2)-induced inhibition of DC differentiation and function and the diminished antitumor cellular immune responses in vivo. Dinoprostone 63-69 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 47-59 15619665-4 2005 There are four subtypes of prostaglandin E (PGE) receptors, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, and PGE2 facilitates bone resorption by a mechanism mediated by EP2/EP4. Dinoprostone 88-92 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 148-151 15113745-0 2004 Stimulation of renin release by prostaglandin E2 is mediated by EP2 and EP4 receptors in mouse kidneys. Dinoprostone 32-48 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 64-67 15619666-20 2005 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PGE2 has an initial inhibitory effect on OC formation in spleen cell cultures, possibly mediated by both EP2 and EP3 receptors, and a later stimulatory effect, mediated by the EP2 receptor, possibly acting on T-cells. Dinoprostone 30-34 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 135-138 15619666-20 2005 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PGE2 has an initial inhibitory effect on OC formation in spleen cell cultures, possibly mediated by both EP2 and EP3 receptors, and a later stimulatory effect, mediated by the EP2 receptor, possibly acting on T-cells. Dinoprostone 30-34 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 206-218 12939279-5 2003 Application of PGE2 or conditioned medium from fluid flow-treated cells to non-stressed MLO-Y4 cells increased expression of the EP2 receptor. Dinoprostone 15-19 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 129-141 12939279-6 2003 The EP2 receptor antagonist, AH6809, suppressed the stimulatory effects of PGE2 and fluid flow-conditioned medium on the expression of the EP2 receptor, on Cx43 protein expression, and on gap junction-mediated intercellular coupling. Dinoprostone 75-79 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 4-16 12939279-6 2003 The EP2 receptor antagonist, AH6809, suppressed the stimulatory effects of PGE2 and fluid flow-conditioned medium on the expression of the EP2 receptor, on Cx43 protein expression, and on gap junction-mediated intercellular coupling. Dinoprostone 75-79 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 139-151 12939279-10 2003 These studies suggest that the EP2 receptor mediates the effects of autocrine PGE2 on the osteocyte gap junction in response to fluid flow-induced shear stress. Dinoprostone 78-82 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 31-43 12618422-7 2003 This segregation of EP receptor function within the airway suggests that PGE(2) analogs that selectively activate the EP2 receptor without activating the EP1/EP3 receptors might prove useful in the treatment of asthma. Dinoprostone 73-79 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 118-130 12431904-0 2003 Prosurvival and antiapoptotic effects of PGE2 in radiation injury are mediated by EP2 receptor in intestine. Dinoprostone 41-45 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 82-94 12431904-9 2003 The effects of PGE(2) on both crypt epithelial apoptosis and intestinal crypt stem cell survival are mediated through the EP(2) receptor. Dinoprostone 15-21 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 122-136 11934647-1 2002 Recent studies have shown that stimulation of osteoclastogenesis in cocultures of osteoblasts and spleen cells in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is markedly decreased when the osteoblasts are derived from cells lacking either the EP2 or the EP4 receptor. Dinoprostone 126-142 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 235-238 12429018-7 2003 PGE2 appears to signal through EP2 receptors. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 31-34 12429018-9 2003 In addition, an EP2 antagonist (AH6809) alleviated the anti-proliferative effects of PGE2. Dinoprostone 85-89 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 16-19 11934647-8 2002 After PGE2 treatment, RANKL mRNA levels were increased at 2 h, and this was sustained over 72 h. Basal RANKL expression was moderately reduced in EP2-/- cells and markedly reduced in EP4-/- cells. Dinoprostone 6-10 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 146-149 11934647-9 2002 PGE2 increased RANKL mRNA in EP2-/- cells and EP4-/- cells, but the levels were significantly reduced compared with wild-type cells. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 29-32 11934647-1 2002 Recent studies have shown that stimulation of osteoclastogenesis in cocultures of osteoblasts and spleen cells in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is markedly decreased when the osteoblasts are derived from cells lacking either the EP2 or the EP4 receptor. Dinoprostone 144-148 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 235-238 11934647-13 2002 The major defect in the response to PGE2 in animals lacking either EP2 or EP4 receptors is a reduction in basal and stimulated RANKL levels. Dinoprostone 36-40 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 67-70 12013525-0 2002 Prostaglandin receptor EP2 mediates PGE2 stimulated hypercalcemia in mice in vivo. Dinoprostone 36-40 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 23-26 12013525-5 2002 Injection of PGE2 (3 mg/kg, four times daily for three days) in 9- to 12-month-old male mice on a 129 SvEv background increased serum calcium from 9.8 +/- 0.5 to 10.7 +/- 0.3 mg/dl (P < 0.01) in EP2 +/+ mice but not in EP2 -/- mice (10.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dl). Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 222-225 12013525-6 2002 PGE2 injection (6 mg/kg twice a day for three days) in 3-4 month old male mice on a C57 BL/6 X 129 SvEv background increased calcium from 8.2 +/- 0.1 to 9.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dl (P < 0.05) in EP2 +/+ mice but had no effect in EP2-/- mice (8.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.2 mg/dl). Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 188-191 12013525-2 2002 Two PGE2 receptors, EP2 and EP4 have been shown to play a role in PGE2 stimulation of osteoclast formation. Dinoprostone 4-8 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 20-23 12013525-6 2002 PGE2 injection (6 mg/kg twice a day for three days) in 3-4 month old male mice on a C57 BL/6 X 129 SvEv background increased calcium from 8.2 +/- 0.1 to 9.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dl (P < 0.05) in EP2 +/+ mice but had no effect in EP2-/- mice (8.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.2 mg/dl). Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 222-225 12013525-3 2002 In primary osteoblastic cell cultures from EP2 wild type (EP2 +/+) mice, PGE2 (0.1 microM) increased cyclic AMP production 3.5-fold, but PGE2 had no effect on cells from mice in which the EP2 receptor had been deleted (EP2 -/-). Dinoprostone 73-77 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 43-46 12013525-7 2002 Injection of PGE2 over the calvariae of EP2 +/+ and EP2-/- mice increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) both locally and in the tibia, but RANKL responses were lower in EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-43 12013525-7 2002 Injection of PGE2 over the calvariae of EP2 +/+ and EP2-/- mice increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) both locally and in the tibia, but RANKL responses were lower in EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 52-55 12013525-7 2002 Injection of PGE2 over the calvariae of EP2 +/+ and EP2-/- mice increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) both locally and in the tibia, but RANKL responses were lower in EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 52-55 12013525-8 2002 We conclude that EP2 receptor plays a role in the hypercalcemic response to PGE2. Dinoprostone 76-80 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 17-29 12013525-3 2002 In primary osteoblastic cell cultures from EP2 wild type (EP2 +/+) mice, PGE2 (0.1 microM) increased cyclic AMP production 3.5-fold, but PGE2 had no effect on cells from mice in which the EP2 receptor had been deleted (EP2 -/-). Dinoprostone 73-77 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 58-61 12013525-3 2002 In primary osteoblastic cell cultures from EP2 wild type (EP2 +/+) mice, PGE2 (0.1 microM) increased cyclic AMP production 3.5-fold, but PGE2 had no effect on cells from mice in which the EP2 receptor had been deleted (EP2 -/-). Dinoprostone 73-77 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 188-200 12013525-3 2002 In primary osteoblastic cell cultures from EP2 wild type (EP2 +/+) mice, PGE2 (0.1 microM) increased cyclic AMP production 3.5-fold, but PGE2 had no effect on cells from mice in which the EP2 receptor had been deleted (EP2 -/-). Dinoprostone 73-77 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 58-61 12013525-5 2002 Injection of PGE2 (3 mg/kg, four times daily for three days) in 9- to 12-month-old male mice on a 129 SvEv background increased serum calcium from 9.8 +/- 0.5 to 10.7 +/- 0.3 mg/dl (P < 0.01) in EP2 +/+ mice but not in EP2 -/- mice (10.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dl). Dinoprostone 13-17 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 198-201 11867175-4 2002 Two of them, the EP2-receptor and the EP4-receptor are linked to stimulatory Gs-proteins and could mediate the inhibition by PGE2 of TNFalpha-formation. Dinoprostone 125-129 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 17-29 11867175-7 2002 Exogenous PGE2 inhibited TNFalpha-formation in Kupffer cells lacking either EP2-receptor or EP4-receptor to a similar extent as in control cells, however, 10-fold higher PGE2 concentrations were needed for half maximal inhibition in cells lacking the EP4-receptor than in control or EP2-receptor-deficient cells. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 76-88 11867175-0 2002 Contribution of the two Gs-coupled PGE2-receptors EP2-receptor and EP4-receptor to the inhibition by PGE2 of the LPS-induced TNFalpha-formation in Kupffer cells from EP2-or EP4-receptor-deficient mice. Dinoprostone 35-39 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 50-62 11867175-7 2002 Exogenous PGE2 inhibited TNFalpha-formation in Kupffer cells lacking either EP2-receptor or EP4-receptor to a similar extent as in control cells, however, 10-fold higher PGE2 concentrations were needed for half maximal inhibition in cells lacking the EP4-receptor than in control or EP2-receptor-deficient cells. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 283-295 11867175-9 2002 CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate, that PGE2 can inhibit TNFalpha-formation via both the EP2- and the EP4-receptor and that, however, the EP4-receptor appears to be physiologically more relevant in Kupffer cells since it conferred a high affinity response to PGE2. Dinoprostone 37-41 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 86-89 11533709-8 2001 We conclude that EP2 is the major receptor mediating the PGE2 signal generated by COX-2 upregulation in intestinal polyposis, and that increased cellular cAMP stimulates expression of more COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the polyp stroma. Dinoprostone 57-61 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 17-20 11435222-8 2001 Exogenous PGE2 produced significantly less relaxation in EP2(-/-) tracheas compared with the wild type. Dinoprostone 10-14 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 57-60 11435222-0 2001 EP2 receptors mediate airway relaxation to substance P, ATP, and PGE2. Dinoprostone 65-69 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 0-3 11435222-9 2001 Taken together, this experimental evidence supports the following two conclusions: EP2 receptors are of primary importance in airway relaxation to PGE2 and relaxation to SP or ATP is mediated through PGE2 acting on EP2 receptors. Dinoprostone 147-151 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 83-86 11435222-4 2001 Using mice homozygous for a gene-targeted deletion of the EP2 receptor [EP2(-/-)], one of the PGE2 receptors, we tested the hypothesis that PGE2 is the primary mediator of relaxation to SP or ATP. Dinoprostone 94-98 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 58-70 11435222-9 2001 Taken together, this experimental evidence supports the following two conclusions: EP2 receptors are of primary importance in airway relaxation to PGE2 and relaxation to SP or ATP is mediated through PGE2 acting on EP2 receptors. Dinoprostone 200-204 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 215-218 10703923-1 2000 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts its effects through the PGE receptor that consists of four subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4). Dinoprostone 18-22 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 105-108 11338376-6 2001 In early pregnancy, PGE2 synthesized by COX-2 induces the expansion of cumulus cells through EP2 receptor and contributes to ovulation and fertilization. Dinoprostone 20-24 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 93-105 10944203-0 2000 Growth differentiation factor-9 stimulates progesterone synthesis in granulosa cells via a prostaglandin E2/EP2 receptor pathway. Dinoprostone 91-107 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 108-111 10944203-9 2000 To further define the PGE(2)-dependent pathway, we show that butaprost, a specific EP2 agonist, stimulates progesterone synthesis and overrides the NS-398 block. Dinoprostone 22-28 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 83-86 10807413-9 2000 PGE2 caused an inhibition of gastric motility as well as an increase of mucosal blood flow and mucus secretion, the effects being mimicked by prostanoids activating EP1 receptors, EP2/EP3/EP4 receptors and EP4 receptors, respectively. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 180-183 10746663-13 2000 These findings suggest that PGE2 stimulates bone resorption by a mechanism involving cAMP and ODF, which is mediated mainly by EP4 and partially by EP2. Dinoprostone 28-32 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 148-151 11502472-4 2001 The PGE2 influence on bone is mediated through four well-characterized receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4). Dinoprostone 4-8 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 87-90 11338379-3 2001 In calvarial culture from EP1-, EP2-, and EP3- knockout mice, PGE2 stimulated bone resorption to a similar extent to that found in calvaria from the wild-type mice. Dinoprostone 62-66 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 32-35 11338379-8 2001 These findings suggest that PGE2 stimulates bone resorption by a mechanism involving cAMP, which is mediated mainly by EP4 and partially by EP2. Dinoprostone 28-32 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 140-143 11156565-18 2001 PAR-stimulated PGE(2) release appears to be generated preferentially by COX-2 rather than COX-1, and induces relaxation via activation of the EP(2) receptor. Dinoprostone 15-21 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 142-156 11001172-4 2000 Several important actions of PGE2 are exerted via each of the four PGE2 receptor subtypes: EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4. Dinoprostone 29-33 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 96-99 11001172-6 2000 PGE2 also participates in ovulation and fertilization and contributes to the control of blood pressure under high-salt intake via the EP2. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 134-137 10749873-5 2000 In calvarial culture from EP1-, EP2-, and EP3-knockout mice, PGE(2) stimulated bone resorption to an extent similar to that found in calvaria from the wild-type mice. Dinoprostone 61-67 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 32-35 10830290-5 2000 PGE2, PTH, or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D increased TRAP+ MNC in 7-day cultures of bone marrow cells from EP2 +/+ mice. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 102-105 10830290-6 2000 In cultures from EP2 -/- animals, responses to PGE2, PTH, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were reduced by 86%, 58%, and 50%, respectively. Dinoprostone 47-51 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 17-20 10830290-8 2000 In cocultures of spleen and calvarial osteoblastic cells, the response to PGE2 or PTH was reduced by 92% or 85% when both osteoblastic cells and spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice, by 88% or 68% when only osteoblastic cells were from EP2 -/- mice and by 58% or 35% when only spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 74-78 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 168-171 10830290-8 2000 In cocultures of spleen and calvarial osteoblastic cells, the response to PGE2 or PTH was reduced by 92% or 85% when both osteoblastic cells and spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice, by 88% or 68% when only osteoblastic cells were from EP2 -/- mice and by 58% or 35% when only spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 74-78 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 235-238 10830290-8 2000 In cocultures of spleen and calvarial osteoblastic cells, the response to PGE2 or PTH was reduced by 92% or 85% when both osteoblastic cells and spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice, by 88% or 68% when only osteoblastic cells were from EP2 -/- mice and by 58% or 35% when only spleen cells were from EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 74-78 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 235-238 10830290-9 2000 PGE2 increased receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL) messenger RNA expression in osteoblastic and bone marrow cell cultures from EP2 +/+ mice 2-fold but had little effect on cells from EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 155-158 10830290-9 2000 PGE2 increased receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL) messenger RNA expression in osteoblastic and bone marrow cell cultures from EP2 +/+ mice 2-fold but had little effect on cells from EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 211-214 10830290-11 2000 PGE2 increased the number of TRAP+ MNC in spleen cell cultures from EP2 +/+ mice but not in cultures from EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 68-71 10830290-13 2000 PGE2 decreased the expression of messenger RNA for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in spleen cell cultures from EP2 +/+ mice but had little effect on cells from EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 129-132 10830290-16 2000 In addition, there appears to be a defect in the response of cells of the osteoclastic lineage to PGE2 in EP2 -/- mice. Dinoprostone 98-102 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 106-109 10703923-1 2000 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts its effects through the PGE receptor that consists of four subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4). Dinoprostone 0-16 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 105-108 11036222-7 2000 Taken together with previous biochemical studies showing that prostaglandin E(2) increases cyclic AMP levels, the present results suggest that prostaglandin E(2) enhances axonal transport via the EP(2) receptor and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway. Dinoprostone 62-80 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 196-210 11036222-7 2000 Taken together with previous biochemical studies showing that prostaglandin E(2) increases cyclic AMP levels, the present results suggest that prostaglandin E(2) enhances axonal transport via the EP(2) receptor and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway. Dinoprostone 143-161 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 196-210 10359563-3 1999 Using mice deficient in 1 of 4 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors -- specifically, the EP2 receptor -- we show that Ep2(-/-) females are infertile secondary to failure of the released ovum to become fertilized in vivo. Dinoprostone 31-47 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 115-118 10484412-2 1999 In mixed groups of males and females, vasodepressor responses after infusions of PGE2 were significantly diminished in the EP2 -/- and EP4 -/- lines but not in the EP1 -/- or EP3 -/- lines. Dinoprostone 81-85 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 123-126 10484412-5 1999 In females, the EP2 and EP4 receptors, which signal by stimulating adenylate cyclase, mediate the major portion of the vasodepressor response to PGE2. Dinoprostone 145-149 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 16-19 10359563-9 1999 These studies demonstrate that PGE2, acting through the EP2 receptor, exerts potent regulatory effects on two major physiologic processes: blood pressure homeostasis and in vivo fertilization of the ovum. Dinoprostone 31-35 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 56-68 9556135-13 1998 These results strongly suggest that PGE2 stimulates IL-6 synthesis through both Ca2+ mobilization from extracellular space via EP1 receptor and cAMP production via EP2 receptor in osteoblast-like cells, and that the PKC activation by PGE2 itself regulates oversynthesis of IL-6. Dinoprostone 36-40 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 164-176 9790977-7 1998 These results indicated that the inhibitory effects of PGE2 on TNF-alpha production are mediated by EP2 and EP4 in macrophages, and that expression regulation of EP2 and EP4 in macrophages is quite different. Dinoprostone 55-59 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 100-103 9751056-6 1998 PGE2 acts by interacting with four subtypes of PGE receptor, the EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptors. Dinoprostone 0-4 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 70-73 7647986-3 1995 administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to conscious mice was reported to induce allodynia, a state of discomfort and pain evoked by innocuous tactile stimuli through prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP1 and hyperalgesia through prostaglandin E receptor subtypes EP2 and/or EP3. Dinoprostone 18-34 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 265-268 9348184-2 1997 Four major PGE2 receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, mediate various PGE2 effects via their coupling to distinct signaling pathways. Dinoprostone 11-15 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 40-43 9348184-12 1997 Collectively, the results suggest that EP2 could be a potential mediator of PGE2 actions in regulating luminal epithelial differentiation and serve as a marker for uterine receptivity for implantation. Dinoprostone 76-80 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 39-42 7647986-3 1995 administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to conscious mice was reported to induce allodynia, a state of discomfort and pain evoked by innocuous tactile stimuli through prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP1 and hyperalgesia through prostaglandin E receptor subtypes EP2 and/or EP3. Dinoprostone 36-40 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 265-268 7606458-9 1995 These results first demonstrate that the NMDA receptor is involved in the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia and suggest that the hyperalgesic action by lower and higher doses of PGE2 may be mediated through EP3 and EP2 subtypes, respectively. Dinoprostone 74-78 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 207-210 7606458-9 1995 These results first demonstrate that the NMDA receptor is involved in the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia and suggest that the hyperalgesic action by lower and higher doses of PGE2 may be mediated through EP3 and EP2 subtypes, respectively. Dinoprostone 170-174 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 207-210 7606458-2 1995 injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to conscious mice produced a hyperalgesic action over a wide range of dosages with two apparent peaks at 100 pg and 10 ng per mouse, which may be mediated through EP3 and EP2 subtypes of the PGE receptor. Dinoprostone 13-29 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 208-211 7606458-2 1995 injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to conscious mice produced a hyperalgesic action over a wide range of dosages with two apparent peaks at 100 pg and 10 ng per mouse, which may be mediated through EP3 and EP2 subtypes of the PGE receptor. Dinoprostone 31-35 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 208-211 7921597-19 1994 These results demonstrate that PGE2 may exert allodynia through the EP1-receptor and hyperalgesia through EP2- and EP3-receptors in the mouse spinal cord. Dinoprostone 31-35 prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2) Mus musculus 106-109