PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 19228446-0 2009 Effect of phorbol esters on the macrophage-mediated biodegradation of polyurethanes via protein kinase C activation and other pathways. Phorbol Esters 10-24 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 88-104 19889850-6 2010 We examined the effects of the phorbol ester PDBu, which has protein kinase C (PKC) dependent and independent actions on presynaptic transmitter release. Phorbol Esters 31-44 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 61-77 19889850-6 2010 We examined the effects of the phorbol ester PDBu, which has protein kinase C (PKC) dependent and independent actions on presynaptic transmitter release. Phorbol Esters 31-44 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 79-82 19422706-2 2009 This process can be modeled in vitro by exposing cells to chemical tumor promoters, phorbol esters and octylindolactam-V (OI-V), known to activate protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 84-98 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 147-163 19422706-2 2009 This process can be modeled in vitro by exposing cells to chemical tumor promoters, phorbol esters and octylindolactam-V (OI-V), known to activate protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 84-98 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 165-168 19279008-1 2009 Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by the phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) induces ceramide formation through the salvage pathway involving, in part, acid beta-glucosidase 1 (GBA1), which cleaves glucosylceramide to ceramide. Phorbol Esters 44-57 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-30 19279008-1 2009 Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by the phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) induces ceramide formation through the salvage pathway involving, in part, acid beta-glucosidase 1 (GBA1), which cleaves glucosylceramide to ceramide. Phorbol Esters 44-57 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 19228446-8 2009 Although this study demonstrated a role for oxidation via a PKC-activated pathway in MDM-mediated PCNU degradation, phorbol esters appear to also activate non-PKC pathways that have roles in biodegradation. Phorbol Esters 116-130 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 159-162 18691117-1 2008 The serine/threonine protein kinase C (PKC) family, the main target of tumor-promoting phorbol esters, is functionally associated to cell cycle regulation, cell survival, malignant transformation, and tumor angiogenesis. Phorbol Esters 87-101 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 39-42 18473812-4 2008 Moreover, PKC was the first known target of tumor promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 60-74 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 10-13 17426020-9 2007 Treating cells expressing low levels of Wnt5A with phorbol ester increased Snail expression inhibiting PKC in cells expressing high levels of Wnt5A decreased Snail. Phorbol Esters 51-64 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 103-106 18067682-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Shedding of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) ectodomain can be accelerated by phorbol esters, compounds that act via protein kinase C (PKC) or through unconventional phorbol-binding proteins such as Munc13-1. Phorbol Esters 103-117 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 142-158 18067682-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Shedding of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) ectodomain can be accelerated by phorbol esters, compounds that act via protein kinase C (PKC) or through unconventional phorbol-binding proteins such as Munc13-1. Phorbol Esters 103-117 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 160-163 15264216-5 2004 In this study, we found that, in SK-N-BE cells, which selectively express p75(NTR), phorbol ester-induced PKC stimulation resulted in the abrogation of SMase stimulation and ceramide production induced by NGF. Phorbol Esters 84-97 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 106-109 17239975-3 2007 Here, we report that activation of PKC by phorbol ester inhibits DGKzeta binding to pRB. Phorbol Esters 42-55 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 19617920-3 2006 In this study, we have shown in endothelial cells that the enzyme is phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation is increased by phorbol ester stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 126-139 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 155-171 19617920-3 2006 In this study, we have shown in endothelial cells that the enzyme is phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation is increased by phorbol ester stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 126-139 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 173-176 15737652-0 2005 RasGRP3 mediates phorbol ester-induced, protein kinase C-independent exocytosis. Phorbol Esters 17-30 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 40-56 15737652-1 2005 Phorbol esters are involved in neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion via activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 96-112 15737652-1 2005 Phorbol esters are involved in neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion via activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 114-117 15737652-6 2005 Furthermore, the effects were partially blocked by PKC inhibitor but not mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, although both significantly suppressed the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Phorbol Esters 167-180 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 15737652-7 2005 These results indicate that RasGRP3 is implicated in phorbol ester-induced, PKC-independent exocytosis. Phorbol Esters 53-66 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 76-79 15703835-1 2005 The ability of peptide hormones, as well as the protein kinase C (PKC)-activating phorbol ester (PMA), to protect cells from apoptosis has been demonstrated to occur through activation of cellular signaling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) families. Phorbol Esters 82-95 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 48-64 15703835-1 2005 The ability of peptide hormones, as well as the protein kinase C (PKC)-activating phorbol ester (PMA), to protect cells from apoptosis has been demonstrated to occur through activation of cellular signaling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) families. Phorbol Esters 82-95 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 66-69 15381733-12 2004 Activation of protein kinase C with phorbol esters promoted cisplatin-induced loss of cell-cell adhesions as well as apoptosis. Phorbol Esters 36-50 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-30 15369389-3 2004 The constrained glycerol backbone of DAG-lactones, when combined with highly branched alkyl chains, has engendered a series of DAG-lactone ligands capable of binding protein kinase C (PK-C) with affinities that approximate those of phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 232-246 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 166-182 15369389-3 2004 The constrained glycerol backbone of DAG-lactones, when combined with highly branched alkyl chains, has engendered a series of DAG-lactone ligands capable of binding protein kinase C (PK-C) with affinities that approximate those of phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 232-246 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 184-188 16954220-7 2006 In addition, the Hsp70-binding mutant is considerably more sensitive to down-regulation compared with WT PKC: disruption of Hsp70 binding leads to accelerated dephosphorylation and enhanced ubiquitination of mutant PKC upon phorbol ester treatment. Phorbol Esters 224-237 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 105-108 16954220-7 2006 In addition, the Hsp70-binding mutant is considerably more sensitive to down-regulation compared with WT PKC: disruption of Hsp70 binding leads to accelerated dephosphorylation and enhanced ubiquitination of mutant PKC upon phorbol ester treatment. Phorbol Esters 224-237 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 215-218 16637058-0 2006 Possible role of duration of PKC-induced ERK activation in the effects of agonists and phorbol esters on DNA synthesis in Panc-1 cells. Phorbol Esters 87-101 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 29-32 16607569-0 2006 Protein kinase C and downstream signaling pathways in a three-dimensional model of phorbol ester-induced angiogenesis. Phorbol Esters 83-96 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 16000638-1 2005 In secretory epithelia, activation of PKC by phorbol ester and carbachol negatively regulates Cl(-) secretion, the transport event of secretory diarrhea. Phorbol Esters 45-58 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 38-41 15986138-1 2005 Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated by diacylglycerol generated by receptor-mediated hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to mediate signals for cell growth and plays as a target of tumor-promoting phorbol esters in malignant transformation. Phorbol Esters 198-212 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 15986138-1 2005 Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated by diacylglycerol generated by receptor-mediated hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to mediate signals for cell growth and plays as a target of tumor-promoting phorbol esters in malignant transformation. Phorbol Esters 198-212 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 15213298-2 2004 In this study, we examined the interaction of RasGRP3 and PKC in response to the phorbol ester PMA. Phorbol Esters 81-94 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 58-61 15098066-3 2004 The identification of protein kinase C (PKC) as a major cellular target for tumor-promoting phorbol esters suggested the involvement of this enzyme in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and tumorigenesis; however, results have demonstrated the existence in keratinocytes and other cell types of another diacylglycerol/phorbol ester-responsive protein kinase: protein kinase D (PKD) in mouse, also known as PKC micro in humans. Phorbol Esters 92-106 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 40-43 15082777-6 2004 This phosphorylation was enhanced by phorbol ester, a known inducer of PKC, and was inhibited by a specific PKC inhibitor. Phorbol Esters 37-50 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-74 15082777-6 2004 This phosphorylation was enhanced by phorbol ester, a known inducer of PKC, and was inhibited by a specific PKC inhibitor. Phorbol Esters 37-50 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 15082777-8 2004 PKC inhibition significantly reduced the phorbol-ester induced differentiation of the PLB985 hematopoietic cell line as well as HOXA9-immortalized murine bone marrow cells. Phorbol Esters 41-54 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 15082777-9 2004 These data suggest that phorbol ester-induced myeloid differentiation is in part due to PKC-mediated phosphorylation of HOXA9, which decreases the DNA binding of the homeoprotein. Phorbol Esters 24-37 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 88-91 12183453-2 2002 We examined whether the two phorbol ester-activated PKCs in Aplysia, the Ca(2+)-activated PKC Apl I and the Ca(2+)-independent PKC Apl II, are associated with these MTs. Phorbol Esters 28-41 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 14720513-8 2004 Experiments with PKCdelta-overexpressing HiB5 cells demonstrated that phorbol ester, even in the presence of a PKC inhibitor, led to a decrease in stress fibres, indicating an inactivation of RhoA. Phorbol Esters 70-83 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 12809530-2 2003 We have developed a series of 4,4-disubstituted-gamma-butyrolactones, which contain a constrained glycerol backbone (DAG-lactones) and behave as potent and selective activating ligands of PK-C with affinities that approach those of the structurally complex natural product agonists, such as the phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 295-309 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 188-192 15545011-5 2004 In contrast, phorbol ester (TPA, 100 nm), a PKC activator, increased cell death. Phorbol Esters 13-26 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 44-47 14500826-4 2003 Here we show that the increase of protein level following PKC activation by phorbol ester (TPA) treatment parallels that of hMSH2 mRNA. Phorbol Esters 76-89 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 58-61 12851698-5 2003 Furthermore, NAMI-A through modulation of PKC activity has been proved capable of reducing the phorbol ester induced expression of ornithine decarboxilase (ODC) gene and to abrogate the activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Phorbol Esters 95-108 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 12213816-2 2002 We report that two alternate signaling pathways of protein kinase C (PKC) activation involving either the lipid second messengers (diacylglycerol and its mimetics, the phorbol esters) or reactive oxygen converge at the zinc finger of the regulatory domain. Phorbol Esters 168-182 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 51-67 12213816-2 2002 We report that two alternate signaling pathways of protein kinase C (PKC) activation involving either the lipid second messengers (diacylglycerol and its mimetics, the phorbol esters) or reactive oxygen converge at the zinc finger of the regulatory domain. Phorbol Esters 168-182 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 69-72 12213816-7 2002 Furthermore, purified recombinant PKC protein fragments shed stoichiometric amounts of Zn(2+) upon reaction with diacylglycerol, phorbol ester, or reactive oxygen in vitro. Phorbol Esters 129-142 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 34-37 12183453-3 2002 Phorbol esters translocated PKC to the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction, and a significant portion of this translocated pool was sensitive to low concentrations of nocodazole. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 28-31 12110518-4 2002 In our study, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) using phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) leads to clathrin-dependent internalization and intracellular accumulation of the ion pump in stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Phorbol Esters 57-71 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 28-44 12237337-6 2002 Of the PKC subtypes that are activated by phorbol esters, only PKCalpha, PKCdelta, and PKCepsilon were observed. Phorbol Esters 42-56 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 7-10 12110518-4 2002 In our study, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) using phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) leads to clathrin-dependent internalization and intracellular accumulation of the ion pump in stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Phorbol Esters 57-71 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 11994357-1 2002 PKC isozymes are the major binding proteins for tumor-promoting phorbol esters, and PKC activity is abnormal in a number of different human cancers. Phorbol Esters 64-78 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 12056641-4 2002 In our study we attempted to investigate the effect of: phorbol ester (PMA)-PKC activator, and bisindolylmaleimide II (GF II), a highly selective PKC inhibitor, on the proliferation as well as induction of apoptosis and necrosis in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Phorbol Esters 56-69 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 76-79 11431470-6 2001 In addition, treatment of cells with the PKC activator phorbol ester stimulated the ubiquitination of p53 and reduced its ability to accumulate after stress. Phorbol Esters 55-68 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 41-44 12210720-3 2002 PKC activating phorbol esters induced a rapid translocation of several PKC isoforms to the particulate fraction of U937 monocytes under terrestrial gravity (1 g) conditions in the laboratory. Phorbol Esters 15-29 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 12210720-3 2002 PKC activating phorbol esters induced a rapid translocation of several PKC isoforms to the particulate fraction of U937 monocytes under terrestrial gravity (1 g) conditions in the laboratory. Phorbol Esters 15-29 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-74 11525648-0 2001 Protein kinase C-dependent upregulation of N-cadherin expression by phorbol ester in human calvaria osteoblasts. Phorbol Esters 68-81 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 11525648-11 2001 These data show that direct activation of PKC by phorbol ester increases N-cadherin expression and function, and promotes ALP activity in human calvaria osteoblasts, which provides a signaling mechanism by which N-cadherin is regulated and suggests a role for PKC in N-cadherin-mediated control of human osteoblast differentiation. Phorbol Esters 49-62 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 11525648-11 2001 These data show that direct activation of PKC by phorbol ester increases N-cadherin expression and function, and promotes ALP activity in human calvaria osteoblasts, which provides a signaling mechanism by which N-cadherin is regulated and suggests a role for PKC in N-cadherin-mediated control of human osteoblast differentiation. Phorbol Esters 49-62 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 260-263 11410863-5 2001 Inhibition of PKC activity augmented the susceptibility of HT-29 cells to apoptosis, and phorbol ester induction of PKC reduced such susceptibility. Phorbol Esters 89-102 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 10528235-2 1999 The proinflammatory phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which activates protein kinase C (PKC), inhibits basal and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated NKCC1 activity in T84 intestinal epithelial cells and decreases the steady state levels of NKCC1 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Phorbol Esters 20-33 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 90-106 11406504-4 2001 Downregulation of PKC activity by prolonged incubation with phorbol ester or inhibition of PKC with chelerythrine in SMC diminished agonist-stimulated proliferation. Phorbol Esters 60-73 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 11763196-5 2001 The activity of the mitotic RLC kinase is enhanced by the addition of Ca2+ and DAG and/or phorbol esters, characteristics of a conventional protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 90-104 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 140-156 11763196-5 2001 The activity of the mitotic RLC kinase is enhanced by the addition of Ca2+ and DAG and/or phorbol esters, characteristics of a conventional protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 90-104 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 158-161 11066030-7 2000 Preincubation with 1 microM of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC-activating phorbol ester attenuated the ADR (c. 95%) and restored the postrecovery plateau almost to baseline levels (98 +/- 0.7%; p > 0.10 compared with baseline CBF). Phorbol Esters 87-100 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 72-75 10629766-4 1999 We examined the downstream consequences of PKC activation by the phorbol ester TPA and by ionophore A23187-mediated calcium influx (which experimentally correspond to DAG-mediated and calpain-mediated activation, respectively) on phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Phorbol Esters 65-78 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 11246227-5 2001 Neurons were plated onto mixed astrocyte monolayers in the presence of agents that either downregulate the phorbol ester-sensitive PKC isoforms or inhibit PKC. Phorbol Esters 107-120 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 131-134 11246227-7 2001 On astrocyte monolayers, phorbol ester modulation of PKC but not PKC inhibitors resulted in a decrease in overall neurite extension. Phorbol Esters 25-38 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 53-56 11246227-9 2001 Thus, phorbol-ester-sensitive PKC isoforms direct the guidance of neurites by astrocyte-derived matrix molecules. Phorbol Esters 6-19 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 11172674-1 2001 The natural products teleocidins, phorbol esters, asplysiatoxin, ingenol esters, and bryostatins are all potent protein kinase C (PKC) activators. Phorbol Esters 34-48 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 112-128 11172674-1 2001 The natural products teleocidins, phorbol esters, asplysiatoxin, ingenol esters, and bryostatins are all potent protein kinase C (PKC) activators. Phorbol Esters 34-48 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 130-133 11042191-6 2001 Two-dimensional peptide mapping of PKCalpha-phosphorylated GRK2 showed a single site of phosphorylation, which was identified as serine 29 by HPLC-MS. A S29A mutant of GRK2 was not phosphorylated by PKC in vitro and showed no phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation when transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells. Phorbol Esters 226-239 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 11465069-6 2000 Phorbol esters such as the tumor-promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or diacylglycerol (DAG) activate classical and novel PKC isoforms. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 138-141 10871288-1 2000 Phorbol esters (e.g., TPA) activate protein kinase C (PKC), increase connexin43 (Cx43) phosphorylation, and decrease cell-cell communication via gap junctions in many cell types. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 36-52 10871288-1 2000 Phorbol esters (e.g., TPA) activate protein kinase C (PKC), increase connexin43 (Cx43) phosphorylation, and decrease cell-cell communication via gap junctions in many cell types. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 54-57 10749687-6 2000 In contrast, direct activation of PKC with the active phorbol ester PMA induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 and FAK but only when platelets were fully aggregated with the exogenous addition of fibrinogen (the ligand for alphaIIbbeta3 integrin). Phorbol Esters 54-67 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 34-37 10715158-16 2000 Our present approach should facilitate the generation of multiple libraries of structurally similar DAG-lactones to help exploit molecular diversity for PK-C and other high-affinity receptors for DAG and the phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 208-222 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 153-157 10528235-2 1999 The proinflammatory phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which activates protein kinase C (PKC), inhibits basal and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated NKCC1 activity in T84 intestinal epithelial cells and decreases the steady state levels of NKCC1 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Phorbol Esters 20-33 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 10514283-0 1999 Protein kinase C ligands based on tetrahydrofuran templates containing a new set of phorbol ester pharmacophores. Phorbol Esters 84-97 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 10528172-2 1999 Here we present data indicating that although the PKC-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway could be partially implicated in the abrogation of CD95-mediated apoptosis by phorbol esters in Jurkat T cells, the major inhibitory effect is exerted through a PKC-dependent, mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent signaling pathway. Phorbol Esters 181-195 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 50-53 10417813-4 1999 The same clones were used to evaluate the effect of Nef on the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter after activation of PKC with the phorbol ester 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Phorbol Esters 138-151 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 125-128 10501019-4 1999 These PKC inhibitors prevented the phorbol ester-induced reduction of transport. Phorbol Esters 35-48 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 6-9 10397677-7 1999 This indicates an involvement of phorbol ester-sensitive PKC isoforms in MAPK activation and mitogenic signaling by bFGF. Phorbol Esters 33-46 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 57-60 10397677-8 1999 Western blot analysis revealed the presence of the phorbol ester-sensitive isoforms PKC alpha, epsilon, and gamma as well as the PKC isoforms iota, lambda, micro, and zeta in cSMCs. Phorbol Esters 51-64 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 84-87 10397677-9 1999 In this study, we show that the MAPK cascade is required for bFGF-induced proliferation and that phorbol ester-sensitive PKC isoforms contribute to the bFGF-induced cSMC mitogenesis in cSMCs. Phorbol Esters 97-110 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 121-124 10209246-0 1999 Muscarinic receptor- and phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase C substrates in adult and neonatal cortical slices. Phorbol Esters 25-38 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 69-85 9879655-0 1998 Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase type 1 (ROS-GC1) gene: structure, organization and regulation by phorbol ester, a protein kinase C activator. Phorbol Esters 110-123 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 127-143 9935229-4 1999 In short-term tissue-culture experiments of colonic mucosal biopsies, we found reduced S-phase labeling in the 2 apical compartments of longitudinally sectioned crypts when PKC was activated by 200 nM of the phorbol ester TPA (n = 8). Phorbol Esters 208-221 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 173-176 9873742-3 1998 The binding mode of DAG-lactones to PK-C was investigated using the C1b domain from the X-ray structure of the phorbol ester/C1b complex of PK-C delta as a template. Phorbol Esters 111-124 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 9873742-3 1998 The binding mode of DAG-lactones to PK-C was investigated using the C1b domain from the X-ray structure of the phorbol ester/C1b complex of PK-C delta as a template. Phorbol Esters 111-124 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 9925748-6 1999 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C (PKC)-activating phorbol ester, induced an accumulation of HSP27 (EC50, 20 nmol/L) and alphaB-crystallin (EC50, 2 nmol/L). Phorbol Esters 80-93 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 46-62 9925748-6 1999 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C (PKC)-activating phorbol ester, induced an accumulation of HSP27 (EC50, 20 nmol/L) and alphaB-crystallin (EC50, 2 nmol/L). Phorbol Esters 80-93 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 64-67 9925748-7 1999 In contrast, 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, a non-PKC-activating phorbol ester, had no such effect. Phorbol Esters 68-81 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 53-56 10352142-2 1999 U937 cells were exposed to microgravity during a space shuttle flight and stimulated with a radiolabeled phorbol ester ([3H]PDBu) to both specifically label and activate translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the particulate fraction of the cell. Phorbol Esters 105-118 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 187-190 9526092-10 1998 It was suggested that LPC may prolong the effect of the direct activators of PKC (such as 1,2-diacylglycerol or phorbol esters). Phorbol Esters 112-126 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 77-80 9655511-4 1998 An elevated recruitment activity was observed at increased [Ca2+]i even when protein kinase C was blocked, but maximum effects could be obtained only after stimulation of PKC by phorbol esters or by prolonged elevations in [Ca2+]i. Phorbol Esters 178-192 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 171-174 9510544-6 1998 Although PKC activity is clearly inducible in vitro by diacylglycerol and a tumour promoting phorbol ester, structural features detected in the regulatory domains of HvPKC1a and 1b indicate that endogenous activators for Hydra PKC might differ from those of other organisms. Phorbol Esters 93-106 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 9-12 9801139-0 1998 An engineered site for protein kinase C flanking the SV40 large T-antigen NLS confers phorbol ester-inducible nuclear import. Phorbol Esters 86-99 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 23-39 9801139-2 1998 We report here that replacement of this site with a consensus site for protein kinase C (PK-C) can alter the regulation of T-ag nuclear import and render it inducible by phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 170-183 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-87 9801139-2 1998 We report here that replacement of this site with a consensus site for protein kinase C (PK-C) can alter the regulation of T-ag nuclear import and render it inducible by phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 170-183 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 9698308-5 1998 We also report that this response is not limited to PKC-activating phorbol esters but that activation of A3 adenosine receptors induces a PKC-dependent inhibition of group III mGluR function at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. Phorbol Esters 67-81 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 9787791-5 1998 Teleost conventional isoforms PKC alpha and PKC beta (82 kDa) completely translocated out of the cytosol in response to phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 120-133 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 9787791-5 1998 Teleost conventional isoforms PKC alpha and PKC beta (82 kDa) completely translocated out of the cytosol in response to phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 120-133 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 44-47 9495244-3 1998 Modulation of PKC activity by treatment with a phorbol ester (TPA), drastically increased the invasiveness of 2 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) lines (MCF7 and ZR 75.1), whereas it markedly decreased the invasiveness of 2 ER- cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435). Phorbol Esters 47-60 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 9568534-1 1997 Phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradeonyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) induce a time-dependent biphasic effect on protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated events by fostering translocation of cytosolic (latent) PKC to the plasma membrane (where it is activated). Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 108-124 9395070-0 1997 Ro31-8220 inhibits protein kinase C to block the phorbol ester-stimulated release of choline- and ethanolamine-metabolites from C6 glioma cells: p70 S6 kinase and MAPKAP kinase-1beta do not function downstream of PKC in activating PLD. Phorbol Esters 49-62 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 19-35 9395070-0 1997 Ro31-8220 inhibits protein kinase C to block the phorbol ester-stimulated release of choline- and ethanolamine-metabolites from C6 glioma cells: p70 S6 kinase and MAPKAP kinase-1beta do not function downstream of PKC in activating PLD. Phorbol Esters 49-62 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 213-216 9366465-4 1997 Using a human neuroblastoma cell line, the authors tested the hypothesis that phorbol ester activation of PKC regulates MuOR mRNA levels. Phorbol Esters 78-91 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 106-109 9568534-1 1997 Phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradeonyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) induce a time-dependent biphasic effect on protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated events by fostering translocation of cytosolic (latent) PKC to the plasma membrane (where it is activated). Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 126-129 9568534-1 1997 Phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradeonyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) induce a time-dependent biphasic effect on protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated events by fostering translocation of cytosolic (latent) PKC to the plasma membrane (where it is activated). Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 196-199 9268359-0 1997 The catalytic domain of protein kinase C chimeras modulates the affinity and targeting of phorbol ester-induced translocation. Phorbol Esters 90-103 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 24-40 9016862-3 1997 The binding parameter of phorbol ester is a criterion for active protein kinase C (PKC) units in the platelet plasma membrane. Phorbol Esters 25-38 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 65-81 9141489-1 1997 Our recent studies have suggested that sphingosine, an endogenous protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, may mediate apoptosis induced by a phorbol ester (PMA) in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells [Ohta et al. Phorbol Esters 135-148 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 66-82 9141489-1 1997 Our recent studies have suggested that sphingosine, an endogenous protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, may mediate apoptosis induced by a phorbol ester (PMA) in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells [Ohta et al. Phorbol Esters 135-148 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 84-87 9296525-1 1997 Erythroid differentiation of normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells was drastically inhibited by phorbol ester, 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an agent known to activate the class of serine-threonine kinases, protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 102-115 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 214-230 9296525-1 1997 Erythroid differentiation of normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells was drastically inhibited by phorbol ester, 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an agent known to activate the class of serine-threonine kinases, protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 102-115 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 232-235 9277481-8 1997 The capability of the phorbol ester PMA to activate the human AT1 promoter in VSMC via an AP-1 element suggests a prominent role for PKC/MAPK and Ets proteins in AT1 regulation. Phorbol Esters 22-35 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 133-136 9269538-13 1997 Activation of PKC by phorbol esters produces a large enhancement in action potential-evoked noradrenaline release in both the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Phorbol Esters 21-35 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 9269538-14 1997 The structural requirements of the phorbol esters for maximal effect suggest that the phorbol esters must access the interior of the nerve terminal to activate PKC and the neural membrane acts as a barrier for highly lipophilic phorbol esters, thereby reducing their activity. Phorbol Esters 35-49 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 160-163 9269538-14 1997 The structural requirements of the phorbol esters for maximal effect suggest that the phorbol esters must access the interior of the nerve terminal to activate PKC and the neural membrane acts as a barrier for highly lipophilic phorbol esters, thereby reducing their activity. Phorbol Esters 86-100 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 160-163 9269538-14 1997 The structural requirements of the phorbol esters for maximal effect suggest that the phorbol esters must access the interior of the nerve terminal to activate PKC and the neural membrane acts as a barrier for highly lipophilic phorbol esters, thereby reducing their activity. Phorbol Esters 86-100 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 160-163 9186373-8 1997 Phorbol esters, but not cell permeable diglycerides, prevented the TA + sphinganine effect suggesting that a stable long term PKC activation was required for reversal. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 126-129 9016862-3 1997 The binding parameter of phorbol ester is a criterion for active protein kinase C (PKC) units in the platelet plasma membrane. Phorbol Esters 25-38 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 83-86 8820410-0 1996 Reorientational properties of fluorescent analogues of the protein kinase C cofactors diacylglycerol and phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 105-118 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 59-75 9067630-1 1997 Previous studies implicating a role for protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating stimulation of cellular responses by physiological agonists have relied on use of non-specific inhibitors or direct stimulation of PKC by phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 214-228 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 40-56 9067630-1 1997 Previous studies implicating a role for protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating stimulation of cellular responses by physiological agonists have relied on use of non-specific inhibitors or direct stimulation of PKC by phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 214-228 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 58-61 9067630-1 1997 Previous studies implicating a role for protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating stimulation of cellular responses by physiological agonists have relied on use of non-specific inhibitors or direct stimulation of PKC by phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 214-228 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 207-210 9037533-5 1996 Down-regulation of PKC by overnight pre-treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) blocked only the phorbol ester-stimulated c-fos accumulation while no effect was observed in the carbachol-induced response. Phorbol Esters 115-128 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 19-22 8856479-1 1996 Protein kinase C (PKC), the major receptor for tumor-promoting phorbol esters, consists of a family of at least 12 distinct lipid-regulated enzymes. Phorbol Esters 63-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 8856479-1 1996 Protein kinase C (PKC), the major receptor for tumor-promoting phorbol esters, consists of a family of at least 12 distinct lipid-regulated enzymes. Phorbol Esters 63-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 9192070-9 1997 Co-culture of blastemas with spinal ganglia partially reduces the decline in PKC activity, and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, a direct activator of PKC, also prevents the fall in membrane-bound PKC activity while stimulating blastema cell proliferation, in vitro. Phorbol Esters 99-112 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 173-176 9192070-9 1997 Co-culture of blastemas with spinal ganglia partially reduces the decline in PKC activity, and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, a direct activator of PKC, also prevents the fall in membrane-bound PKC activity while stimulating blastema cell proliferation, in vitro. Phorbol Esters 99-112 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 173-176 9302497-3 1997 Phorbol ester-induced PKC downregulation and measurements of PKC translocation within beta-cells provided useful information, but these studies were further complicated by the identification of novel PKC isoforms which do not possess diacylglycerol-binding sites or do not translocate upon stimulation. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 22-25 8661224-7 1996 Using human umbilical vein EC, we found that direct activation of PKC with the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate enhanced all three processes. Phorbol Esters 79-92 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 66-69 8661224-9 1996 Depletion of intracellular PKC by downregulation (prolonged exposure of EC to phorbol ester) reduced EC attachment and migration; however, downregulation had no effect on endothelial spreading. Phorbol Esters 78-91 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 27-30 8820410-1 1996 The reorientational properties of the fluorescently labelled protein kinase C (PKC) cofactors diacylglycerol (DG) and phorbol ester (PMA) in vesicles and mixed micelles have been investigated using time-resolved polarised fluorescence. Phorbol Esters 118-131 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 61-77 8820410-1 1996 The reorientational properties of the fluorescently labelled protein kinase C (PKC) cofactors diacylglycerol (DG) and phorbol ester (PMA) in vesicles and mixed micelles have been investigated using time-resolved polarised fluorescence. Phorbol Esters 118-131 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 79-82 8635587-1 1996 Our recent studies have shown that intracellular levels of sphingosine, an endogenous PKC inhibitor, increase during apoptosis resulting from phorbol ester (PMA)-induced terminal differentiation of human myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells, and have suggested that sphingosine may function as an endogenous mediator of apoptosis in these cells [Ohta, et al. Phorbol Esters 142-155 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 86-89 8558021-3 1996 The exact nature of the intracellular signals involved in this avidity switch remain poorly defined, but the ability of phorbol esters to induce such up-regulation implicates a role for protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 120-134 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 186-202 8558021-3 1996 The exact nature of the intracellular signals involved in this avidity switch remain poorly defined, but the ability of phorbol esters to induce such up-regulation implicates a role for protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 120-134 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 204-207 7654180-6 1995 This antagonistic effect of PTH-(28-48) could be mimicked by activation of PKC with a phorbol ester and inhibited by isobutylmethylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Phorbol Esters 86-99 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 75-78 8596194-8 1995 The activity of protein kinase C in membranes prepared from intact myocytes pre-treated for 10 min with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (100 nM), employed as a positive control, and CGRP (10 pM) was significantly greater than in membranes prepared from cardiomyocytes not subjected to agonist stimulation. Phorbol Esters 108-121 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 16-32 7485441-5 1995 Phorbol ester activators of PKC mimicked the stretch response as did platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which acts, in part, through generation of endogenous diacylglycerols. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 28-31 7485441-6 1995 Both stretch- and PDGF-induced NGF production were blocked by prolonged incubation with phorbol ester to downregulate PKC. Phorbol Esters 88-101 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 118-121 7561526-5 1995 PKC activation by phorbol diester was also a poor stimulus of lysosomal secretion. Phorbol Esters 18-33 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 7852335-2 1995 Phorbol esters cause long term activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and frequently the down-regulation of PKC protein levels in mammalian cells. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-61 7554585-4 1995 The known PKC stimulator, phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), caused maximal translocation of PKC at 100 nM with a 84.5% decrease in cytosolic PKC and a corresponding 252.1% increase in membrane-bound PKC. Phorbol Esters 26-39 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 10-13 7554585-4 1995 The known PKC stimulator, phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), caused maximal translocation of PKC at 100 nM with a 84.5% decrease in cytosolic PKC and a corresponding 252.1% increase in membrane-bound PKC. Phorbol Esters 26-39 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 7554585-4 1995 The known PKC stimulator, phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), caused maximal translocation of PKC at 100 nM with a 84.5% decrease in cytosolic PKC and a corresponding 252.1% increase in membrane-bound PKC. Phorbol Esters 26-39 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 7554585-4 1995 The known PKC stimulator, phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), caused maximal translocation of PKC at 100 nM with a 84.5% decrease in cytosolic PKC and a corresponding 252.1% increase in membrane-bound PKC. Phorbol Esters 26-39 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 7852335-2 1995 Phorbol esters cause long term activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and frequently the down-regulation of PKC protein levels in mammalian cells. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 63-66 7852335-2 1995 Phorbol esters cause long term activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and frequently the down-regulation of PKC protein levels in mammalian cells. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 106-109 8552204-0 1995 Phorbol ester (TPA)-induced differential modulation of cell surface antigens in human pluripotential leukemia (K-562) cell line: effects of protein kinase inhibitors with broad- and PKC selective inhibitory activity. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 182-185 8903945-6 1995 PKC stimulation by short-term treatment with phorbol ester had an opposite effect on MSH receptors as compared to CGP 41251. Phorbol Esters 45-58 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 7840215-7 1995 Desensitization of PKC by exposure of cells to phorbol esters decreased PKC activity in the membrane and cytosol fractions. Phorbol Esters 47-61 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 19-22 7840215-7 1995 Desensitization of PKC by exposure of cells to phorbol esters decreased PKC activity in the membrane and cytosol fractions. Phorbol Esters 47-61 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 72-75 7840215-8 1995 In cells pretreated for 3 h with phorbol esters, PKC activity was near minimum, and ATP-stimulated secretion was lowest (< 40% of that observed in untreated cells). Phorbol Esters 33-47 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 49-52 8552204-3 1995 These data suggest that phorbol ester-induced cell surface antigen modulations in K-562 cells are predominantly mediated by PKC-independent signalling pathways. Phorbol Esters 24-37 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 124-127 8053934-3 1994 PKC is an isozyme family with ten members, eight of which are phorbol ester-responsive. Phorbol Esters 62-75 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 7803515-3 1994 We then used these methods to examine the effects of carbamylcholine, a cholinergic agonist that increases cellular calcium and diacylglycerol concentrations, and PMA, a phorbol ester that activates PKC, on the subcellular distribution of these isoforms. Phorbol Esters 170-183 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 199-202 7799398-5 1994 These newly discovered, structurally diverse lead compounds are being used as the basis for further synthetic modifications aimed at more potent PK-C ligands that will compete with the phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 185-199 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 145-149 8074672-1 1994 The purified preparation showed typical characteristics of the conventional type of mammalian PKC that responds to Ca2+, phosphatidylserine, and diacylglycerol or the tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Phorbol Esters 183-196 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 94-97 8532710-1 1995 The high affinity receptor of phorbol-ester and related tumor promoters is the isozyme family protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 30-43 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 94-110 8532710-1 1995 The high affinity receptor of phorbol-ester and related tumor promoters is the isozyme family protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 30-43 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 112-115 8532710-2 1995 Activation of PKC by the phorbol esters is a pivotal event in phorbol ester-mediated tumor promotion. Phorbol Esters 25-39 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 8532710-2 1995 Activation of PKC by the phorbol esters is a pivotal event in phorbol ester-mediated tumor promotion. Phorbol Esters 25-38 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 8532710-5 1995 By characterizing PKC isozyme expression in the cells and the induction of resistance by isozyme-selective PKC activators, we have obtained evidence that the induction of resistance is triggered by phorbol-ester activation of cPKC-alpha. Phorbol Esters 198-211 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 8532710-5 1995 By characterizing PKC isozyme expression in the cells and the induction of resistance by isozyme-selective PKC activators, we have obtained evidence that the induction of resistance is triggered by phorbol-ester activation of cPKC-alpha. Phorbol Esters 198-211 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 107-110 7861122-8 1994 In SCn-SCg cultures, phorbol ester activation of PKC increased both activity and protein levels of both PKC alpha and PKC beta. Phorbol Esters 21-34 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 49-52 8053934-4 1994 In this report, we show that thymeleatoxin (Tx), a daphnane tumor promoter that selectively activates the phorbol ester-responsive isozymes cPKC-alpha, -beta 1, -beta 2, and -gamma, was just as effective in inducing drug resistance in KM12L4a cells as phorbol dibutyrate, a potent activator of all phorbol ester-responsive PKC isozymes. Phorbol Esters 106-119 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 141-144 8053934-4 1994 In this report, we show that thymeleatoxin (Tx), a daphnane tumor promoter that selectively activates the phorbol ester-responsive isozymes cPKC-alpha, -beta 1, -beta 2, and -gamma, was just as effective in inducing drug resistance in KM12L4a cells as phorbol dibutyrate, a potent activator of all phorbol ester-responsive PKC isozymes. Phorbol Esters 298-311 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 141-144 7968360-1 1994 We examined the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) produced by phorbol esters in Aplysia nervous tissue. Phorbol Esters 65-79 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 30-46 7968360-1 1994 We examined the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) produced by phorbol esters in Aplysia nervous tissue. Phorbol Esters 65-79 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 48-51 7968360-2 1994 Translocation of PKC in intact ganglia requires higher concentrations of phorbol esters than would be expected from: (1) their affinity for Aplysia PKCs measured in vitro; (2) their physiological effects on cultured Aplysia neurons; and (3) their actions on PKC in synaptosomes. Phorbol Esters 73-87 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 7968360-2 1994 Translocation of PKC in intact ganglia requires higher concentrations of phorbol esters than would be expected from: (1) their affinity for Aplysia PKCs measured in vitro; (2) their physiological effects on cultured Aplysia neurons; and (3) their actions on PKC in synaptosomes. Phorbol Esters 73-87 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 148-151 7968360-5 1994 We suggest that this might best be explained by the presence of a competitive inhibitor at the binding site for phorbol esters in PKC. Phorbol Esters 112-126 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 130-133 8204801-4 1993 PKC from human benign hyperplastic prostate was also phospholipid dependent, activated by tumor-promotong phorbol esters, and appeared to belong to the group of PKC isozymes which lack Ca2+ sensitivity. Phorbol Esters 106-120 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 8204096-1 1994 Tumor-promoting phorbol esters bind to and activate protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 16-30 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 52-68 8204096-1 1994 Tumor-promoting phorbol esters bind to and activate protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 16-30 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 70-73 7754836-1 1994 In order to investigate the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated signal pathways in growth regulation of meningiomas, we examined the effect of two PKC-activating phorbol esters, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA) and phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu), and PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, on cell proliferation using low-passage human meningioma cells in culture. Phorbol Esters 175-189 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 160-163 7754836-1 1994 In order to investigate the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated signal pathways in growth regulation of meningiomas, we examined the effect of two PKC-activating phorbol esters, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA) and phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu), and PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, on cell proliferation using low-passage human meningioma cells in culture. Phorbol Esters 175-189 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 160-163 8127941-1 1994 Skin tumor promotion by phorbol ester is believed to be mediated by the phospholipid-dependent ser/thr kinase, protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 24-37 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 111-127 8127941-1 1994 Skin tumor promotion by phorbol ester is believed to be mediated by the phospholipid-dependent ser/thr kinase, protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 24-37 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 129-132 8054689-8 1994 Identified targets for phorbol esters are protein kinase C (PKC) and the mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs), also called extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Phorbol Esters 23-37 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 42-58 8054689-8 1994 Identified targets for phorbol esters are protein kinase C (PKC) and the mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs), also called extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Phorbol Esters 23-37 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 60-63 7908888-13 1994 In contrast, PKC activator, phorbol ester (TPA), caused stronger microtubular assembling in HL-60/ADR, and increased the expression of microtubules to 134%. Phorbol Esters 28-41 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 13-16 8141294-2 1994 Prolonged phorbol ester exposure reduces protein kinase C (PKC) levels in numerous cell types including T84, as shown here. Phorbol Esters 10-23 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 41-57 8141294-2 1994 Prolonged phorbol ester exposure reduces protein kinase C (PKC) levels in numerous cell types including T84, as shown here. Phorbol Esters 10-23 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 59-62 8299848-5 1993 In addition, the pkC activating phorbol esters PMA or beta PDD degranulated the cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the control isomeric phorbol ester alpha PDD that does not activate pkC did not have any effect on the cells. Phorbol Esters 32-46 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 7693480-3 1993 Two of these, the proto-oncogene, c-fos and an anonymous ERG 1R20 were insensitive to protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition with the drug, staurosporine and retained inducibility after down-regulation of PKC activity by purging with phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 229-242 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 200-203 8299848-5 1993 In addition, the pkC activating phorbol esters PMA or beta PDD degranulated the cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the control isomeric phorbol ester alpha PDD that does not activate pkC did not have any effect on the cells. Phorbol Esters 32-45 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 7902747-1 1993 Prolonged phorbol ester treatment abolished protein kinase C (PKC) activity for over 48 h in cortical astrocyte cultures. Phorbol Esters 10-23 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 44-60 7902747-1 1993 Prolonged phorbol ester treatment abolished protein kinase C (PKC) activity for over 48 h in cortical astrocyte cultures. Phorbol Esters 10-23 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 62-65 8327146-5 1993 There was also a significant decrease in the levels of PKC in the membranous fraction of AD brains, as measured by radioactive phorbol ester binding. Phorbol Esters 127-140 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 8226736-6 1993 Treatment of fibroblasts with phorbol esters and other agents that activate PKC resulted in increased amounts of 125I-labeled Fn binding to the cell surface. Phorbol Esters 30-44 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 76-79 8344386-2 1993 PKC activity is stimulated physiologically by diacylglycerol and experimentally by phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 83-97 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 8344386-3 1993 Long-term exposure of human neuroblastoma cells to phorbol esters results in down-regulation of PKC activity and induction of neuronal differentiation. Phorbol Esters 51-65 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 96-99 8369483-3 1993 To distinguish between these possibilities we explored aspects of NMDA receptor regulation using phorbol ester to activate protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 97-110 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 123-139 8369483-3 1993 To distinguish between these possibilities we explored aspects of NMDA receptor regulation using phorbol ester to activate protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol Esters 97-110 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 141-144 8389129-4 1993 Subsequently, we found a similar pattern of increased phosphorylation following stimulation of A10 cells with mezerein, a phorbol ester derivative which activates PKC, a serine/threonine kinase. Phorbol Esters 122-135 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 163-166 8437865-5 1993 Consistent with this hypothesis, the induction of TRE-mediated gene expression by phorbol esters that activate PKC directly was blocked by the dominant-negative Ha-Ras mutant. Phorbol Esters 82-96 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 111-114 8482728-7 1993 PKC activated directly with low concentrations of phorbol ester was observed to stimulate fibroblast contraction of collagen gels, in some cases within 30 minutes of exposure. Phorbol Esters 50-63 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 8436813-0 1993 Regulation of protein kinase C isoform proteins in phorbol ester-stimulated Jurkat T lymphoma cells. Phorbol Esters 51-64 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-30 7903236-0 1993 [Effect of phorbol ester on protein kinase C and tyrosine protein kinase in human hepatocarcinoma cell line]. Phorbol Esters 11-24 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 28-44 8386622-1 1993 In many different cell types treatment with phorbol esters (e.g. 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA) leads to the activation of protein-kinase C (PKC) and subsequently to the activation of the activator-protein-1(AP-1)-responsive gene expression. Phorbol Esters 44-58 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 137-153 8386622-1 1993 In many different cell types treatment with phorbol esters (e.g. 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA) leads to the activation of protein-kinase C (PKC) and subsequently to the activation of the activator-protein-1(AP-1)-responsive gene expression. Phorbol Esters 44-58 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 155-158 8440177-5 1993 Certain phorbol esters mimic the effect of DAG and cause prolonged stimulation of PKC. Phorbol Esters 8-22 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 82-85 1376316-7 1992 Depletion of PKC by prolonged incubation with phorbol esters also inhibited phagocytosis, and dose-response curves showed a strong correlation between the extent of PKC depletion and the extent of inhibition of ingestion. Phorbol Esters 46-60 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 13-16 1421175-6 1992 Regarding the altered subcellular localization of PKC activity, phorbol ester-induced translocation of cytosolic PKC was inhibited in some ATL cases. Phorbol Esters 64-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 50-53 1421175-6 1992 Regarding the altered subcellular localization of PKC activity, phorbol ester-induced translocation of cytosolic PKC was inhibited in some ATL cases. Phorbol Esters 64-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 113-116 1426703-1 1992 In neutrophils, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced the translocation of the Ca(++)- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PK-C) from the soluble to the particulate fraction. Phorbol Esters 20-33 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 161-177 1426703-1 1992 In neutrophils, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced the translocation of the Ca(++)- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PK-C) from the soluble to the particulate fraction. Phorbol Esters 20-33 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 179-183 1527580-6 1992 Application of phorbol esters, which activate PKC, produced a slowly developing spike broadening but had little effect on excitability (a process known to be primarily cAMP dependent). Phorbol Esters 15-29 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 8480534-5 1993 Such evidence, however, is often seriously flawed because it relies on the use of phorbol esters, which are potent and direct PKC activators but may not mimic the physiological triggering of the enzyme in cells, or on the use of non-selective protein kinase inhibitors such as H7 and staurosporine. Phorbol Esters 82-96 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 126-129 1335820-0 1992 Evidence for hippocampal calcium channel regulation by PKC based on comparison of diacylglycerols and phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 102-116 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 1335820-1 1992 Studies using phorbol esters imply that hippocampal Ca2+ channels are regulated by protein kinase C (PKC); however concerns have been raised because in some circumstances phorbol esters have non-specific effects on ion channels. Phorbol Esters 14-28 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 101-104 1335820-2 1992 We have tested the hypothesis that PKC modulates Ca2+ channel activity in hippocampal neurons by conducting a detailed comparison of the effects of the diacylglycerols, diC8 and OAG, with those of the phorbol ester, PDBu, on whole-cell and single-channel Ca2+ currents. Phorbol Esters 201-214 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 1511446-3 1992 In cells stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor or phorbol ester, induction of expression was lost after down-regulation of PKC. Phorbol Esters 59-72 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 132-135 1493432-1 1992 Previous studies showed that the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 can be induced to undergo monocytic differentiation by tumor promoting phorbol esters (TPA), suggesting that protein kinase C (PK-C), the primary binding site of TPA, may play a role in the control of monocytic differentiation: The effect of exogenous phospholipase C (PLC) on THP-1 cells was investigated. Phorbol Esters 145-159 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 183-199 1493432-1 1992 Previous studies showed that the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 can be induced to undergo monocytic differentiation by tumor promoting phorbol esters (TPA), suggesting that protein kinase C (PK-C), the primary binding site of TPA, may play a role in the control of monocytic differentiation: The effect of exogenous phospholipase C (PLC) on THP-1 cells was investigated. Phorbol Esters 145-159 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 201-205 1380299-0 1992 Protein kinase C stimulates dense tubular Ca2+ uptake in the intact human platelet by increasing the Vm of the Ca(2+)-ATPase pump: stimulation by phorbol ester, inhibition by calphostin C. Phorbol Esters 146-159 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 1375753-4 1992 It is reported here that activation of lymph node T cells through the antigen-specific receptor, or direct activation of PKC by phorbol esters, results in a striking increase in cells expressing a cytoplasmic aggregate of spectrin. Phorbol Esters 128-142 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 121-124 1321770-1 1992 The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and is known to affect a variety of biochemical processes in human breast cancer cells. Phorbol Esters 4-17 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 86-102 1321770-1 1992 The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and is known to affect a variety of biochemical processes in human breast cancer cells. Phorbol Esters 4-17 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 104-107 1373611-3 1992 We found that i) PKC activity is higher in differentiated than in non-differentiated cells; ii) the mRNA levels of PKC delta and -eta/L, while are differently affected by spontaneous keratinocyte differentiation, are down-regulated during phorbol esters-induced cell differentiation. Phorbol Esters 239-253 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 1323204-6 1992 Treatment of platelets with inhibitors of PKC potentiates DAG mass formation in response to thrombin while prior activation of PKC with phorbol esters blocks DAG mass formation, consistent with PKC playing a negative feedback role, inhibiting inositol phospholipid breakdown. Phorbol Esters 136-150 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 127-130 1609122-1 1992 Phorbol esters, potent activators of protein kinase C (PKC), greatly enhance the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites (TXA2, HETES, HHT) by Ca2+ ionophores in human platelets. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 37-53 1609122-1 1992 Phorbol esters, potent activators of protein kinase C (PKC), greatly enhance the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites (TXA2, HETES, HHT) by Ca2+ ionophores in human platelets. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 1729140-5 1992 Phorbol esters probably act through protein phosphorylation, since they were effective at concentrations which modulated protein kinase C (PKC) and their action was prevented by H-7, which binds to and inactivates the catalytic site of PKC. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 121-137 1729140-5 1992 Phorbol esters probably act through protein phosphorylation, since they were effective at concentrations which modulated protein kinase C (PKC) and their action was prevented by H-7, which binds to and inactivates the catalytic site of PKC. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 139-142 1729140-5 1992 Phorbol esters probably act through protein phosphorylation, since they were effective at concentrations which modulated protein kinase C (PKC) and their action was prevented by H-7, which binds to and inactivates the catalytic site of PKC. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 236-239 1629245-9 1992 Consistent with the reduction in focal adhesion formation when PKC was inhibited, activation of PKC by 30 minutes of treatment with phorbol esters induced focal adhesion formation in cells spread for 3h on substrata composed of the cell-binding (RGD-containing) fragment of fibronectin, while untreated cells or those treated with inactive phorbol esters did not form these structures. Phorbol Esters 132-146 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 63-66 1629245-9 1992 Consistent with the reduction in focal adhesion formation when PKC was inhibited, activation of PKC by 30 minutes of treatment with phorbol esters induced focal adhesion formation in cells spread for 3h on substrata composed of the cell-binding (RGD-containing) fragment of fibronectin, while untreated cells or those treated with inactive phorbol esters did not form these structures. Phorbol Esters 132-146 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 96-99 1629245-9 1992 Consistent with the reduction in focal adhesion formation when PKC was inhibited, activation of PKC by 30 minutes of treatment with phorbol esters induced focal adhesion formation in cells spread for 3h on substrata composed of the cell-binding (RGD-containing) fragment of fibronectin, while untreated cells or those treated with inactive phorbol esters did not form these structures. Phorbol Esters 340-354 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 96-99 1498520-3 1992 PKC is involved in many cell processes such as the transduction of hormonal signals and the machinery of cellular secretion and is activated by diacylglycerol and by a number of phorbol esters, including phorbol myristic acid (PMA). Phorbol Esters 178-192 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 1370499-0 1992 Phorbol ester-induced actin assembly in neutrophils: role of protein kinase C. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 61-77 1370499-2 1992 A role of protein kinase C (PKC) has been postulated because neutrophil activation, with the attendant shape and membrane ruffling changes, can be initiated by phorbol esters, known activators of PKC. Phorbol Esters 160-174 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 10-26 1370499-2 1992 A role of protein kinase C (PKC) has been postulated because neutrophil activation, with the attendant shape and membrane ruffling changes, can be initiated by phorbol esters, known activators of PKC. Phorbol Esters 160-174 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 28-31 1370499-2 1992 A role of protein kinase C (PKC) has been postulated because neutrophil activation, with the attendant shape and membrane ruffling changes, can be initiated by phorbol esters, known activators of PKC. Phorbol Esters 160-174 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 196-199 1312697-2 1992 This phosphorylation can be rapidly increased either by treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or by inhibition of serine/threonine protein phosphatases with okadaic acid. Phorbol Esters 108-121 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 75-91 1312697-2 1992 This phosphorylation can be rapidly increased either by treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or by inhibition of serine/threonine protein phosphatases with okadaic acid. Phorbol Esters 108-121 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 93-96 1323204-6 1992 Treatment of platelets with inhibitors of PKC potentiates DAG mass formation in response to thrombin while prior activation of PKC with phorbol esters blocks DAG mass formation, consistent with PKC playing a negative feedback role, inhibiting inositol phospholipid breakdown. Phorbol Esters 136-150 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 127-130 1323204-9 1992 We have found that fibroblasts which overexpress the beta 1 isozyme of PKC display greatly enhanced DAG formation and phospholipase D activation in response to phorbol ester treatment. Phorbol Esters 160-173 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-74 1284126-12 1992 A non-PKC-activating phorbol ester, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, did not stimulate MMP-9 and TIMP-1 activity. Phorbol Esters 21-34 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 6-9 1311015-6 1992 The identity of the 78-kd cytoplast bands as PKC was established by the fact that phorbol ester treatment of intact cytoplasts induced translocation of the bands from cytosol to membrane fractions. Phorbol Esters 82-95 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 1311015-9 1992 To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that human neutrophil-derived cytoplasts contain alpha, beta I, and beta II forms of PKC and that each isoform translocates from cytosol to membrane upon exposure to phorbol ester at concentrations that induce superoxide production. Phorbol Esters 216-229 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 135-138 1660266-4 1991 Phorbol esters such as PMA are not metabolized and induced a prolonged membrane association of PKC. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 95-98 1659812-3 1991 This selective activation of beta PKC could help to understand the molecular events involved in phorbol ester-induced cellular modifications. Phorbol Esters 96-109 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 34-37 1660266-11 1991 The cysteine-rich domain of NC and PKC is required for phospholipid-dependent phorbol is required for phospholipid-dependent phorbol ester binding, suggesting an involvement of this domain in protein-lipid interactions. Phorbol Esters 125-138 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 1660266-14 1991 When NC and PKC were subjected to treatments known to remove metal ions from GAL4 and the human glucocorticoid receptor, phorbol ester binding was inhibited. Phorbol Esters 121-134 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 12-15 1716311-7 1991 Mast cells were also incubated overnight with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to down regulate PKC and the response to goat anti-human IgE was measured. Phorbol Esters 50-63 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 124-127 1917958-0 1991 Protein kinase C contains two phorbol ester binding domains. Phorbol Esters 30-43 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 1917958-4 1991 Additional truncation and deletion mutants helped to localize the region necessary for [3H]PDBu binding; all PKC mutants that contained either one of the cysteine-rich zinc finger-like regions possessed phorbol ester binding activity. Phorbol Esters 203-216 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 109-112 1917958-7 1991 These data establish that PKC contains two phorbol ester binding domains which may function in its regulation. Phorbol Esters 43-56 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 26-29 1855195-0 1991 Distinct patterns of phorbol ester-induced downregulation of protein kinase C activity in adriamycin-selected multidrug resistant and parental murine fibrosarcoma cells. Phorbol Esters 21-34 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 61-77 1883854-0 1991 Phorbol ester, prolactin, and relaxin cause translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to membranes in human endometrial cells. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 61-77 1781789-2 1991 Some of these effects may be mediated by the protein kinase C (PKC) family of enzymes, since an influx of Zn2+ greatly increases their binding of regulatory ligand phorbol ester and induces their translocation from cytosol to the cytoskeleton. Phorbol Esters 164-177 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-61 1781789-2 1991 Some of these effects may be mediated by the protein kinase C (PKC) family of enzymes, since an influx of Zn2+ greatly increases their binding of regulatory ligand phorbol ester and induces their translocation from cytosol to the cytoskeleton. Phorbol Esters 164-177 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 63-66 1781789-3 1991 Using a model with purified components, we now show that Zn2+ acts by forming a phospholipid-dependent complex of PKC with filamentous actin, which results in expression of new binding sites for phorbol ester and phosphorylation of actin. Phorbol Esters 195-208 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 114-117 1855195-1 1991 Specific activators of protein kinase C (PKC), including the phorbol-ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), can reduce the chemosensitivities of a variety of mammalian tumor cell lines and their cytotoxic drug-selected multidrug resistant (MDR) variants to MDR-linked drugs, thus implicating PKC in the MDR phenotype. Phorbol Esters 61-74 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 23-39 1855195-1 1991 Specific activators of protein kinase C (PKC), including the phorbol-ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), can reduce the chemosensitivities of a variety of mammalian tumor cell lines and their cytotoxic drug-selected multidrug resistant (MDR) variants to MDR-linked drugs, thus implicating PKC in the MDR phenotype. Phorbol Esters 61-74 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 41-44 1855195-1 1991 Specific activators of protein kinase C (PKC), including the phorbol-ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), can reduce the chemosensitivities of a variety of mammalian tumor cell lines and their cytotoxic drug-selected multidrug resistant (MDR) variants to MDR-linked drugs, thus implicating PKC in the MDR phenotype. Phorbol Esters 61-74 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 318-321 1855195-3 1991 In this report, we show that the level of [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate specific binding activity was elevated 3.5-fold in the MDR cells, thus establishing that phorbol-ester responsive PKC is overexpressed in the MDR line. Phorbol Esters 160-173 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 185-188 1855195-4 1991 Phorbol esters mediate downregulation of PKC by stimulating proteolysis of the enzyme, without altering the rate of PKC synthesis. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 41-44 1855195-5 1991 We report that the kinetics of TPA-induced downregulation of PKC activity differ markedly in parental and MDR UV-2237M cells, providing evidence that the overexpression of phorbol-ester responsive PKC in adriamycin-selected MDR UV-2237M-ADRR cells results, at least in part, from a reduced rate of PKC degradation in the cells. Phorbol Esters 172-185 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 61-64 1855195-5 1991 We report that the kinetics of TPA-induced downregulation of PKC activity differ markedly in parental and MDR UV-2237M cells, providing evidence that the overexpression of phorbol-ester responsive PKC in adriamycin-selected MDR UV-2237M-ADRR cells results, at least in part, from a reduced rate of PKC degradation in the cells. Phorbol Esters 172-185 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 197-200 1855195-5 1991 We report that the kinetics of TPA-induced downregulation of PKC activity differ markedly in parental and MDR UV-2237M cells, providing evidence that the overexpression of phorbol-ester responsive PKC in adriamycin-selected MDR UV-2237M-ADRR cells results, at least in part, from a reduced rate of PKC degradation in the cells. Phorbol Esters 172-185 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 197-200 1654774-9 1991 In the presence of phosphatidylserine, the catalytic site was selectively modified by periodate, resulting in formation of a form of PKC that exhibited phorbol ester binding but not kinase activity. Phorbol Esters 152-165 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 133-136 1915590-7 1991 This may have been due to insertion of an additional or different region of protein kinase C into the lipid bilayer as demonstrated by a blue shift in tryptophan fluorescence, providing an explanation for their inability to act as competitors of PKC binding of phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 261-275 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 76-92 1820763-0 1991 Protein kinase C activation by phorbol esters: do cysteine-rich regions and pseudosubstrate motifs play a role? Phorbol Esters 31-45 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 1654774-2 1991 Periodate, at micromolar concentrations, modified the regulatory domain of PKC as determined by the loss of ability to stimulate kinase activity by Ca2+/phospholipid, and also by the loss of phorbol ester binding. Phorbol Esters 191-204 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 75-78 1846746-4 1991 Sphingosine, a long-chain amine that inhibits PKC, blocked both the binding of phorbol esters to monocytes and the synthesis of PAF in response to PMA (half-maximal inhibition at 5 to 10 microM and complete inhibition at 10 to 30 microM sphingosine). Phorbol Esters 79-93 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 1846746-5 1991 Thus, the activation of PKC was necessary and sufficient for PAF synthesis in response to phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 90-103 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 24-27 1698145-5 1990 Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with a phorbol ester inhibited (IC50 = 3-10 nM) both EGF-dependent PtdIns hydrolysis and PLC gamma phosphorylation by more than 90%. Phorbol Esters 44-57 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-30 1955771-1 1991 In the present study, we demonstrate that the PKC-activating phorbol ester PMA selectively induced IgA synthesis by PP B cells. Phorbol Esters 61-74 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 2242040-5 1990 Action of erbstatin at the catalytic site of PKC was further indicated by the findings that it inhibited the catalytic fragment of PKC but did not inhibit the interaction of phorbol ester with the intact enzyme. Phorbol Esters 174-187 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 1703181-4 1991 The induction of c-myc mRNA by anti-IgM or anti-CD20 is blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) such as staurosporine and by pretreatment of B cells with phorbol esters to reduce cellular PKC levels. Phorbol Esters 162-176 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 196-199 2268301-5 1990 This region of PKC has been implicated in the binding of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters in a phospholipid-dependent fashion. Phorbol Esters 76-90 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 15-18 2268301-10 1990 This finding has wide implications for previous studies equating phorbol ester binding with the presence of PKC in the brain. Phorbol Esters 65-78 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 1698145-5 1990 Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with a phorbol ester inhibited (IC50 = 3-10 nM) both EGF-dependent PtdIns hydrolysis and PLC gamma phosphorylation by more than 90%. Phorbol Esters 44-57 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 1698145-6 1990 Both EGF-stimulated responses were potentiated in cells depleted of PKC by prolonged phorbol ester treatment. Phorbol Esters 85-98 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 68-71 1970444-0 1990 The phorbol ester TPA strongly inhibits HIV-1-induced syncytia formation but enhances virus production: possible involvement of protein kinase C pathway. Phorbol Esters 4-17 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 128-144 2168707-5 1990 Two PKC activators, a phorbol ester and a diacylglyceride, were ineffective alone, with hormones or with the calcium ionophore. Phorbol Esters 22-35 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 2392322-2 1990 Because protein kinase C (PKC) represents the intracellular receptor for phorbol esters, we investigated a possible correlation between expression of PKC and tumor progression in the melanocytic system. Phorbol Esters 73-87 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 8-24 2392322-2 1990 Because protein kinase C (PKC) represents the intracellular receptor for phorbol esters, we investigated a possible correlation between expression of PKC and tumor progression in the melanocytic system. Phorbol Esters 73-87 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 26-29 2113601-2 1990 The phorbol ester TPA and the natural compound Bryostatin 1 (Bryo) were used to directly stimulate protein kinase C (PKC) while the calcium ionophone A23187 was employed to increase intracellular Ca2+. Phorbol Esters 4-17 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 99-115 2113601-2 1990 The phorbol ester TPA and the natural compound Bryostatin 1 (Bryo) were used to directly stimulate protein kinase C (PKC) while the calcium ionophone A23187 was employed to increase intracellular Ca2+. Phorbol Esters 4-17 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 117-120 2186042-8 1990 In addition, NF kappa B was TNF-inducible in Jurkat cells depleted for PK-C by long-term exposure to high dose phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 111-124 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 2197289-5 1990 As in erythrocytes, the phosphorylation of fibroblast alpha-adducin is elevated on exposure of cells to phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C (PK-C). Phorbol Esters 104-118 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 133-149 2197289-5 1990 As in erythrocytes, the phosphorylation of fibroblast alpha-adducin is elevated on exposure of cells to phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C (PK-C). Phorbol Esters 104-118 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 151-155 2398390-3 1990 The administration of the PKC-activating phorbol esters 4-beta-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a dose-related inhibition of growth of human glioma cell lines in vitro as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake. Phorbol Esters 41-55 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 26-29 2165399-3 1990 In contrast, protein kinase C (PK-C)-mediated desensitization by incubation with phorbol esters [PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)], leading to a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cholinergically stimulated InsP release (95% inhibition after 4 h with 0.1 microM-PMA), is accompanied by only a 40% decrease in muscarinic receptor binding, which suggests an additional mechanism of negative-feedback control. Phorbol Esters 81-95 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 13-29 2165399-3 1990 In contrast, protein kinase C (PK-C)-mediated desensitization by incubation with phorbol esters [PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)], leading to a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cholinergically stimulated InsP release (95% inhibition after 4 h with 0.1 microM-PMA), is accompanied by only a 40% decrease in muscarinic receptor binding, which suggests an additional mechanism of negative-feedback control. Phorbol Esters 81-95 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 31-35 2165399-10 1990 Exogenous activation of PK-C by phorbol esters seems to dissociate the interaction between receptor and G-protein/PL-C, without major effects on total cellular PL-C activity. Phorbol Esters 32-46 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 2335502-5 1990 The factor in the soluble fraction that activated the membrane-associated oxidase was demonstrated to be protein kinase C (PKC) by several criteria, including its Ca2+/phophatidylserine/diacyl-glycerol-stimulated histone kinase activity, its response to phorbol ester, its inhibition by a PKC pseudosubstrate peptide, and its replacement by purified mammalian PKC. Phorbol Esters 254-267 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 105-121 2335502-5 1990 The factor in the soluble fraction that activated the membrane-associated oxidase was demonstrated to be protein kinase C (PKC) by several criteria, including its Ca2+/phophatidylserine/diacyl-glycerol-stimulated histone kinase activity, its response to phorbol ester, its inhibition by a PKC pseudosubstrate peptide, and its replacement by purified mammalian PKC. Phorbol Esters 254-267 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 123-126 2157987-4 1990 Activation of cells by various agents, notably the phorbol esters that stimulate protein kinase C (PKC), leads to dissociation in vivo of the NF-kappa B/I kappa B complex and migration of NF-kappa B to the nucleus. Phorbol Esters 51-65 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 99-102 2156927-3 1990 Binding studies with [3H]phorbol dibutyrate (PBt2) on whole cells revealed rapid and transient activation of PKC in Jurkat, K562, and U937 cells with a maximum of phorbol ester binding at 6 min after TNF treatment. Phorbol Esters 163-176 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 109-112 2319624-0 1990 Phorbol ester-induced change in astrocyte morphology: correlation with protein kinase C activation and protein phosphorylation. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-87 2400822-4 1990 Some tumor promoters such as phorbol esters activate PKC by acting at the DG binding site. Phorbol Esters 29-43 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 53-56 2611232-0 1989 Differences in the effects of phorbol esters and diacylglycerols on protein kinase C. Phorbol Esters 30-44 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 68-84 2300789-3 1990 Furthermore, down-regulation of PKC by pretreatment with the active phorbol esters PDB (24 h) or PMA (2 h), but not with the inactive phorbolester PDD, simultaneously inhibits killing by LAK cells. Phorbol Esters 68-82 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 2300789-5 1990 We also demonstrate that pretreatment of target cells with phorbol ester (PMA) decreases killing, suggesting that PKC activation in the target cell population may also influence killing although the effect may vary depending on the particular target cell used. Phorbol Esters 59-72 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 114-117 2556478-1 1989 Participation of cAMP and protein kinase C in the effects of IFN-gamma and phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 75-88 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 26-42 2574536-4 1989 Phorbol ester can directly induce cultured keratinocyte (KC) intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression via a protein kinase C (PK-C)-dependent mechanism. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 121-137 2574536-4 1989 Phorbol ester can directly induce cultured keratinocyte (KC) intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression via a protein kinase C (PK-C)-dependent mechanism. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 139-143 2695275-4 1989 In vitro mechanisms of PKC regulation by phospholipid, DAG, and phorbol esters have been studied using mixed micelles of Triton X-100/lipids. Phorbol Esters 64-78 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 23-26 2695275-7 1989 Sphingosine and lysosphingolipids are potent inhibitors of PKC that prevent its interaction with DAG/phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 101-115 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 59-62 2611232-9 1989 These properties differed markedly from phorbol esters which activated PKC in a reversible complex but also promoted constitutive PKC activation by forming the irreversible PKC-membrane complex. Phorbol Esters 40-54 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-74 2611232-9 1989 These properties differed markedly from phorbol esters which activated PKC in a reversible complex but also promoted constitutive PKC activation by forming the irreversible PKC-membrane complex. Phorbol Esters 40-54 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 130-133 2611232-9 1989 These properties differed markedly from phorbol esters which activated PKC in a reversible complex but also promoted constitutive PKC activation by forming the irreversible PKC-membrane complex. Phorbol Esters 40-54 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 130-133 2611232-10 1989 The concentration of phorbol esters needed to generate the irreversible PKC-membrane complex was slightly higher than the concentration needed to activate PKC. Phorbol Esters 21-35 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 72-75 2611232-10 1989 The concentration of phorbol esters needed to generate the irreversible PKC-membrane complex was slightly higher than the concentration needed to activate PKC. Phorbol Esters 21-35 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 155-158 2611232-11 1989 In addition, high concentrations of phorbol esters (greater than or equal to 50 nM) activated PKC and induced irreversible PKC-membrane binding in the absence of calcium. Phorbol Esters 36-50 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 94-97 2611232-11 1989 In addition, high concentrations of phorbol esters (greater than or equal to 50 nM) activated PKC and induced irreversible PKC-membrane binding in the absence of calcium. Phorbol Esters 36-50 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 123-126 2611232-12 1989 Despite these striking differences, DAG prevented binding of phorbol esters to high-affinity sites on the PKC-membrane complex. Phorbol Esters 61-75 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 106-109 2730662-0 1989 Retention of specific protein kinase C isozymes following chronic phorbol ester treatment in BC3H-1 myocytes. Phorbol Esters 66-79 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 22-38 2545785-7 1989 The synergy of ionomycin with phorbol esters in triggering T cell activation may relate, at least in part, to enhanced activation of PKC. Phorbol Esters 30-44 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 133-136 2528680-1 1989 The turnover of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), the c-fms proto-oncogene product, is accelerated by ligand binding or by activators of protein kinase C (PKC), such as the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Phorbol Esters 190-203 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 154-170 2528680-1 1989 The turnover of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), the c-fms proto-oncogene product, is accelerated by ligand binding or by activators of protein kinase C (PKC), such as the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Phorbol Esters 190-203 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 172-175 2472006-3 1989 In normal intact cells, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester either stimulated or inhibited chloride secretion, depending on the physiological status of the cell. Phorbol Esters 64-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 38-54 2472006-3 1989 In normal intact cells, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester either stimulated or inhibited chloride secretion, depending on the physiological status of the cell. Phorbol Esters 64-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 2765925-0 1989 Dose-dependent phorbol ester facilitation or blockade of hippocampal long-term potentiation: relation to membrane/cytosol distribution of protein kinase C activity. Phorbol Esters 15-28 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 138-154 2920044-0 1989 Activation of human neutrophil NADPH-oxidase in vitro by the catalytic fragment of protein kinase-C. Phorbol ester treatment of intact neutrophils both stimulates protein kinase C (PK-C) and causes the rapid proteolytic conversion to a cytosolic, co-factor independent fragment, protein kinase M (PK-M). Phorbol Esters 101-114 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 163-179 2742855-12 1989 However, the extent of insertion was dependent on the binding conditions and was promoted by high phospholipid to PKC ratios, high calcium, the presence of phorbol esters, high membrane charge, and long incubations. Phorbol Esters 156-170 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 114-117 2742855-1 1989 The properties of the protein kinase C (PKC)-phorbol ester interaction were highly dependent on assay methods and conditions. Phorbol Esters 45-58 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 22-38 2742855-1 1989 The properties of the protein kinase C (PKC)-phorbol ester interaction were highly dependent on assay methods and conditions. Phorbol Esters 45-58 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 40-43 2920044-0 1989 Activation of human neutrophil NADPH-oxidase in vitro by the catalytic fragment of protein kinase-C. Phorbol ester treatment of intact neutrophils both stimulates protein kinase C (PK-C) and causes the rapid proteolytic conversion to a cytosolic, co-factor independent fragment, protein kinase M (PK-M). Phorbol Esters 101-114 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 181-185 3286649-2 1988 In vitro, it competes with PEs for binding to whole cells and activates the calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, PK-C. Phorbol Esters 27-30 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 2561951-1 1989 Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters (TPA) results in a modification of the cyclic AMP system leading to either attenuation or amplification of the cyclic AMP signal. Phorbol Esters 40-54 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-30 2561951-1 1989 Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters (TPA) results in a modification of the cyclic AMP system leading to either attenuation or amplification of the cyclic AMP signal. Phorbol Esters 40-54 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 2561951-3 1989 The effect appeared to be mediated by PKC since diacylglycerols caused the same amplification as did TPA while inactive phorbol esters were without effect. Phorbol Esters 120-134 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 38-41 3403071-0 1988 Phorbol-ester-induced stable changes in the regulation of DNA synthesis and intracellular pH are accompanied by altered expression of protein kinase C in the monoblastoid cell line U-937. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 134-150 3219582-0 1988 Development of phorbol ester (protein kinase C) binding sites in cat visual cortex. Phorbol Esters 15-28 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 30-46 3219582-1 1988 Tritiated phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate [( 3H]PDBu), a phorbol ester, was utilized to autoradiographically localize protein kinase C (PKC) in the cat visual cortex. Phorbol Esters 50-63 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 111-127 3126303-3 1988 Bypassing the requirements for mitogen-induced increases in [Ca++]i, using the cation ionophore A23187, or activating PK-C with the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), failed to significantly restore SPA-induced IL2 production in cell cultures from burned patients. Phorbol Esters 132-145 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 118-122 3162885-0 1988 Temporal changes in intracellular distribution of protein kinase C during differentiation of human leukemia HL60 cells induced by phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 130-143 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 50-66 3128291-0 1988 Cyclosporin A inhibits proteolytic cleavage and degradation of membrane-bound protein kinase C in hepatocytes after stimulation by phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 131-144 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 78-94 3128979-3 1988 The activity of membrane-inserted PKC was Ca2+-independent and was only modestly sensitive to phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 94-108 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 34-37 3257170-2 1988 The tumor cytolytic activity, as well as the number of cells recovered from interleukin 2 (IL-2)-stimulated cultures, was enhanced by the addition of the PK-C stimulator, phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu), but not non-PK-C-activating phorbol ester analogues while the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, did not significantly alter development of IL-2-induced tumor cytolytic activity nor enhance cell yield. Phorbol Esters 226-239 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 154-158 3479244-0 1987 Effects of phorbol ester on translocation and down-regulation of protein kinase C and phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1 and its phorbol ester-resistant subline KG-1a. Phorbol Esters 11-24 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 65-81 3690506-1 1987 A fluorescent phorbol ester that is a potent activator of protein kinase C but is not a tumour promoter. Phorbol Esters 14-27 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 58-74 3479244-0 1987 Effects of phorbol ester on translocation and down-regulation of protein kinase C and phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1 and its phorbol ester-resistant subline KG-1a. Phorbol Esters 180-193 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 65-81 3026995-0 1986 Participation of protein kinase C in the activation of human neutrophils by phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 76-89 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-33 3323889-1 1987 Microinjection of purified protein kinase C (PKC) into Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts pretreated with the phorbol ester phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate restores the mitogenic response of the cells to phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (G. Pasti, J.C. Lacal, B.S. Phorbol Esters 97-110 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 27-43 3323889-1 1987 Microinjection of purified protein kinase C (PKC) into Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts pretreated with the phorbol ester phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate restores the mitogenic response of the cells to phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (G. Pasti, J.C. Lacal, B.S. Phorbol Esters 97-110 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 3323889-3 1987 Our present studies demonstrate that the mitogenic activity of the H-ras oncogene in H-ras p21-microinjected quiescent cells is markedly reduced under conditions in which PKC is downregulated by chronic phorbol ester treatment. Phorbol Esters 203-216 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 171-174 3106473-4 1987 In T cells, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induced IL 2-R expression and proliferation associated with cytosol-to-membrane PKC translocation. Phorbol Esters 16-29 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 154-157 3106473-6 1987 Structure-function studies with several phorbol ester analogs and non-phorbol ester TP directly correlated tumor promotion activity with the ability to activate PKC and induce IL 2-R. Phorbol Esters 40-53 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 161-164 3325877-1 1987 When human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) are induced by phorbol esters to differentiate to macrophages, the process is accompanied by immediate activation of protein kinase C (PK-C) in the cytoplasm and later changes in DNA and RNA synthesis. Phorbol Esters 63-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 165-181 3325877-1 1987 When human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) are induced by phorbol esters to differentiate to macrophages, the process is accompanied by immediate activation of protein kinase C (PK-C) in the cytoplasm and later changes in DNA and RNA synthesis. Phorbol Esters 63-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 183-187 3325877-3 1987 In this study, we find that bryostatin, a macrocyclic lactone which does not induce differentiation of HL-60 cells but activates PK-C, mimics the effects of phorbol esters on protein phosphorylation and PK-C location. Phorbol Esters 157-171 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 203-207 3325877-5 1987 Similarly, prolonged treatment with bryostatin, like that with phorbol esters, causes the loss of all cellular PK-C activity. Phorbol Esters 63-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 2432432-3 1987 One of the targets of the phosphoinositide signalling system is the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC), which can be activated experimentally by tumour promoting phorbol esters, including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Phorbol Esters 157-171 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 75-91 2432432-3 1987 One of the targets of the phosphoinositide signalling system is the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC), which can be activated experimentally by tumour promoting phorbol esters, including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Phorbol Esters 157-171 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 93-96 3010137-1 1986 Protein kinase C (PKC), a calcium-dependent phospholipid-sensitive kinase which is selectively activated by phorbol esters, is thought to play an important role in several cellular processes. Phorbol Esters 108-122 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 3492504-0 1986 Phorbol esters activate protein kinase C and glucose transport and can replace the requirement for growth factor in interleukin-3-dependent multipotent stem cells. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 24-40 3010137-1 1986 Protein kinase C (PKC), a calcium-dependent phospholipid-sensitive kinase which is selectively activated by phorbol esters, is thought to play an important role in several cellular processes. Phorbol Esters 108-122 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 4063970-0 1985 Phorbol ester-induced alteration of differentiation and proliferation in human hematopoietic tumor cell lines: relationship to the presence and subcellular distribution of protein kinase C. Phorbol Esters 0-13 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 172-188 4063970-1 1985 The intracellular translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from the soluble to the membranous fraction has been shown previously to correlate with biological activity of phorbol esters in several systems. Phorbol Esters 169-183 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 53-56 3513765-1 1986 Active phorbol esters such as TPA (12-0-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate) inhibited growth of mammary carcinoma cells (MCF-7 greater than BT-20 greater than MDA-MB-231 greater than = ZR-75-1 greater than HBL-100) with the exception of T-47-D cells presumably by interacting with the phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PKC). Phorbol Esters 7-21 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 327-330 3003192-2 1986 Phorbol esters stimulated de novo acquisition of Tac antigen, which was associated with the subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C (PK-C) from cytosol to particulate membranes of human T lymphocytes. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 122-138 3003192-2 1986 Phorbol esters stimulated de novo acquisition of Tac antigen, which was associated with the subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C (PK-C) from cytosol to particulate membranes of human T lymphocytes. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 3003192-4 1986 Both phorbol esters and alpha-T3 could increase Tac expression and stimulate PK-C translocation on 5 and 12 day activated T cells that were at the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle due to IL 2 deprivation. Phorbol Esters 5-19 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 77-81 3004435-8 1986 Activation of plasmalemmal, O-2 generating NADPH oxidase by the phorbol ester is delayed by about 20 sec with respect to the activation of PK-C. Phorbol Esters 64-77 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 139-143 4063970-1 1985 The intracellular translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from the soluble to the membranous fraction has been shown previously to correlate with biological activity of phorbol esters in several systems. Phorbol Esters 169-183 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 35-51 3158820-6 1985 As phorbol esters have been shown to mimic IL-2 in the regulation of cellular proliferation as well as IFN-gamma production, the activation of PK-C by either phorbol esters or IL-2/receptor interaction seems to have a crucial role in signal transduction elicited by these extracellular messengers. Phorbol Esters 3-17 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 3158820-6 1985 As phorbol esters have been shown to mimic IL-2 in the regulation of cellular proliferation as well as IFN-gamma production, the activation of PK-C by either phorbol esters or IL-2/receptor interaction seems to have a crucial role in signal transduction elicited by these extracellular messengers. Phorbol Esters 158-172 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 33502516-3 2021 Due to their historical association as the receptors for the tumour-promoting phorbol esters, PKC isozymes were initially targeted as oncogenes in cancer. Phorbol Esters 78-92 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 94-97 30393952-2 2019 PKC is also a receptor for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but it was not identified by its property of binding phorbol esters, either. Phorbol Esters 47-61 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 26021525-8 2015 Treatment of HUVEC and EA.hy 926 cells with PKC-activating phorbol esters (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, PMA or phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate) resulted in a downregulation of BDNF expression, whereas the inactive 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate was without effect. Phorbol Esters 59-73 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 44-47 29513138-3 2018 PKC shot into the limelight following the discovery in the 1980s that the diacylglycerol-sensitive isozymes are "receptors" for the potent tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 155-169 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 28283201-1 2017 The discovery in the 1980s that protein kinase C (PKC) is a receptor for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters fueled the dogma that PKC is an oncoprotein. Phorbol Esters 93-107 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 32-48 28283201-1 2017 The discovery in the 1980s that protein kinase C (PKC) is a receptor for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters fueled the dogma that PKC is an oncoprotein. Phorbol Esters 93-107 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 50-53 28283201-1 2017 The discovery in the 1980s that protein kinase C (PKC) is a receptor for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters fueled the dogma that PKC is an oncoprotein. Phorbol Esters 93-107 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 130-133 30936203-4 2019 Our results demonstrate that direct activation of PKC via the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) mimics CXCL12-mediated desensitization, internalization, ubiquitination, and lysosomal trafficking of CXCR4. Phorbol Esters 62-75 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 50-53 28476658-2 2018 This stems in large part from the discovery in the early 1980s that PKC is directly activated by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 113-127 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 68-71 28571764-3 2018 Members of one subgroup of AGC kinases, the protein kinase C (PKC), have been singled out as critical players in carcinogenesis, following their identification as the intracellular receptors of phorbol esters, which exhibit tumor-promoting activities. Phorbol Esters 194-208 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 44-60 28571764-3 2018 Members of one subgroup of AGC kinases, the protein kinase C (PKC), have been singled out as critical players in carcinogenesis, following their identification as the intracellular receptors of phorbol esters, which exhibit tumor-promoting activities. Phorbol Esters 194-208 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 62-65 28112438-2 2017 As major cellular targets for the phorbol ester tumor promoters and diacylglycerol (DAG), a second messenger generated by stimulation of membrane receptors, PKC isozymes play major roles in the control of signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Phorbol Esters 34-47 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 157-160 27784766-6 2016 In contrast, VEGF-stimulated AMPKalpha1 Ser487 phosphorylation was sensitive to inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC activation using phorbol esters or overexpression of PKC-stimulated AMPKalpha1 Ser487 phosphorylation. Phorbol Esters 142-156 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 94-110 27784766-6 2016 In contrast, VEGF-stimulated AMPKalpha1 Ser487 phosphorylation was sensitive to inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC activation using phorbol esters or overexpression of PKC-stimulated AMPKalpha1 Ser487 phosphorylation. Phorbol Esters 142-156 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 121-124 27784766-6 2016 In contrast, VEGF-stimulated AMPKalpha1 Ser487 phosphorylation was sensitive to inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC activation using phorbol esters or overexpression of PKC-stimulated AMPKalpha1 Ser487 phosphorylation. Phorbol Esters 142-156 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 121-124 27784766-8 2016 PKC activation was associated with reduced AMPK activity, as inhibition of PKC increased AMPK activity and phorbol esters inhibited AMPK, an effect lost in cells expressing mutant AMPKalpha1 Ser487Ala. Phorbol Esters 107-121 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 26717578-1 2015 Phorbol esters, which are protein kinase C (PKC) activators, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which cause enhanced acetylation of cellular proteins, are the main classes of chemical inducers of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle in latently EBV-infected cells acting through the PKC pathway. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 44-47 26717578-1 2015 Phorbol esters, which are protein kinase C (PKC) activators, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which cause enhanced acetylation of cellular proteins, are the main classes of chemical inducers of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle in latently EBV-infected cells acting through the PKC pathway. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 291-294 25619690-1 2015 Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have remained elusive cancer targets despite the unambiguous tumor promoting function of their potent ligands, phorbol esters, and the prevalence of their mutations. Phorbol Esters 143-157 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 25619690-1 2015 Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have remained elusive cancer targets despite the unambiguous tumor promoting function of their potent ligands, phorbol esters, and the prevalence of their mutations. Phorbol Esters 143-157 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 24244711-6 2013 These effects required PKC and PLD activities, and direct stimulation of PKC with phorbol esters was sufficient to reproduce these effects. Phorbol Esters 82-96 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 73-76 23662807-1 2013 PKC (protein kinase C) has been in the limelight since the discovery three decades ago that it acts as a major receptor for the tumour-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 145-159 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 23662807-1 2013 PKC (protein kinase C) has been in the limelight since the discovery three decades ago that it acts as a major receptor for the tumour-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 145-159 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 5-21 23662807-2 2013 Phorbol esters, with their potent ability to activate two of the three classes of PKC isoenzymes, have remained the best pharmacological tool for directly modulating PKC activity. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 82-85 23662807-2 2013 Phorbol esters, with their potent ability to activate two of the three classes of PKC isoenzymes, have remained the best pharmacological tool for directly modulating PKC activity. Phorbol Esters 0-14 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 166-169 23662807-3 2013 However, with the discovery of other phorbol ester-responsive proteins, the advent of various small-molecule and peptide modulators, and the need to distinguish isoenzyme-specific activity, the pharmacology of PKC has become increasingly complex. Phorbol Esters 37-50 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 210-213 22095874-1 2012 The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases has been intensively studied in cancer since their discovery as major receptors for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 166-180 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 4-20 22095874-1 2012 The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases has been intensively studied in cancer since their discovery as major receptors for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 166-180 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 22-25 21534929-1 2011 The serine/threonine protein kinase C (PKC) family was first identified as intracellular receptor(s) for the tumor promoting agents phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 132-146 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 21-37 21534929-1 2011 The serine/threonine protein kinase C (PKC) family was first identified as intracellular receptor(s) for the tumor promoting agents phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 132-146 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 39-42 23197040-1 2012 Protein kinase C (PKC) has been a tantalizing target for drug discovery ever since it was first identified as the receptor for the tumour promoter phorbol ester in 1982. Phorbol Esters 147-160 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 23197040-1 2012 Protein kinase C (PKC) has been a tantalizing target for drug discovery ever since it was first identified as the receptor for the tumour promoter phorbol ester in 1982. Phorbol Esters 147-160 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 21193229-6 2011 The phorbol ester PMA or the DAG analog OAG restored the Ca2+ entry inhibited by PLC blockers, showing an involvement of PLC/PKC pathway in SOCE. Phorbol Esters 4-17 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 125-128