PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 15791270-5 2005 We report that in both peptidoglycans, the minimal structure needed to activate the Toll pathway is a muropeptide dimer and that the free reducing end of the N-acetyl muramic acid residues of the muropeptides is essential for activity. N-acetylmuramic acid 158-179 Toll Drosophila melanogaster 84-88