PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 7281197-0 1981 Continual monitoring of the reactivation effect of oximes on blood acetylcholinesterase in the rats poisoned with organophosphates. Oximes 51-57 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 67-87 2494778-0 1989 The relationship between oxime-induced reactivation of carbamylated acetylcholinesterase and antidotal efficacy against carbamate intoxication. Oximes 25-30 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 68-88 2796731-8 1989 The use of oximes (PAM and Toxobidine) considerably contributed to reactivation of AChE and ChE and to normalization of the test marker enzymes. Oximes 11-17 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 83-87 3951676-2 1986 However, a partial protection of AChE in brain against inhibition by soman was obtained in anaesthetized, atropinized rats by the oxime injected into the cerebral ventricle 5 min before parenteral exposure to soman. Oximes 130-135 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 33-37 7100228-0 1982 Modification of the level of acetylcholinesterase activity by two oximes in certain brain regions and peripheral tissues of paraoxon treated rats. Oximes 66-72 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 29-49 33540058-4 2021 For this, (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one (Cl-HIN), a compound that has properties of isatin and oxime in its structure, have shown reactivating properties in the activity of AChE that have been added to antidepressant-like effects in rats exposed to malathion in acute protocol. Oximes 109-114 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 187-191 33545185-0 2021 Determination of K869, a novel oxime reactivator of acetylcholinesterase, in rat body fluids and tissues by liquid-chromatography methods: Pharmacokinetic study. Oximes 31-36 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 52-72 33545185-1 2021 Oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) represent an integral part of standard antidote treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Oximes 0-5 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 22-42 33545185-1 2021 Oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) represent an integral part of standard antidote treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Oximes 0-5 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 44-48 5439615-0 1970 [Acetylcholinesterase at the motor end plate of the rat diaphragm after poisoning with Paraoxon and Soman during application of oximes]. Oximes 128-134 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 33540058-12 2021 Collectively, the results of this study suggest that Cl-HIN is an oxime capable of reactivating AChE inhibited and presents na antidepressant-like effect in cases of prolonged exposure to malathion. Oximes 66-71 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 96-100 31694074-2 2020 Although inconsistent, the standard treatment consists of a muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine) and AChE-reactivating molecules such as oximes. Oximes 142-148 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 106-110 32319115-1 2020 Oximes remain a long-standing element of the therapy for nerve agents, organophosphates (OPs) that poison by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in hypercholinergic activity both centrally and peripherally. Oximes 0-6 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 131-151 32319115-1 2020 Oximes remain a long-standing element of the therapy for nerve agents, organophosphates (OPs) that poison by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in hypercholinergic activity both centrally and peripherally. Oximes 0-6 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 153-157 32319115-2 2020 Oximes, such as the pyridinium oxime pralidoxime (2-PAM) in the United States, can reactivate the inhibited AChE and restore cholinergic function. Oximes 0-6 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 108-112 32436233-1 2020 Oxime antidotes regenerate organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Oximes 0-5 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 53-73 32436233-1 2020 Oxime antidotes regenerate organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Oximes 0-5 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 75-79 32436233-2 2020 Although they share a common mechanism of AChE reactivation, the rate and amount of oxime that enters the brain are critical to the efficacy, a process linked to the oxime structure and charge. Oximes 84-89 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 42-46 32436233-2 2020 Although they share a common mechanism of AChE reactivation, the rate and amount of oxime that enters the brain are critical to the efficacy, a process linked to the oxime structure and charge. Oximes 166-171 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 42-46 32502538-2 2020 Atropine-oximes therapy is commonly used; however, the efficacy of oximes in the reactivation of AChE has been inconsistent. Oximes 67-73 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 97-101 29722548-6 2019 The high efficacy oximes (24-35% brain AChE reactivation) were worse P-gp substrates than the low efficacy oximes (0-7% brain AChE reactivation). Oximes 18-24 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 39-43 31158460-0 2020 Novel centrally active oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by surrogates of sarin and VX. Oximes 23-28 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 45-65 29722548-6 2019 The high efficacy oximes (24-35% brain AChE reactivation) were worse P-gp substrates than the low efficacy oximes (0-7% brain AChE reactivation). Oximes 18-24 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 126-130 29098328-2 2018 On the other hand, according to our best knowledge, possible antioxidant properties of oximes, the only causal antidotes to OP-inhibited AChE, have been examined only by a few studies. Oximes 87-93 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 137-141 30176331-14 2018 The oxime acts as antidote against physostigmine and pyridostigmine poisoning by reactivating AChE in the brain and diaphragm, respectively. Oximes 4-9 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 94-98 29482737-0 2018 Kinetic analysis of oxime-assisted reactivation of human, Guinea pig, and rat acetylcholinesterase inhibited by the organophosphorus pesticide metabolite phorate oxon (PHO). Oximes 20-25 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 78-98 28696367-1 2017 The ability of two newly developed oximes (K305, K307) to protect tabun-poisoned rats from tabun-induced inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms and brain damage was compared with that of the oxime K203 and trimedoxime. Oximes 35-41 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 125-145 28696367-3 2017 The reactivating efficacy of a newly developed oxime K305 is lower compared to the reactivating efficacy of the oxime K203 and trimedoxime while the ability of the oxime K307 to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain roughly corresponds to the reactivating efficacy of the oxime K203 and it is slightly lower compared to trimedoxime. Oximes 47-52 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 205-225 28696367-3 2017 The reactivating efficacy of a newly developed oxime K305 is lower compared to the reactivating efficacy of the oxime K203 and trimedoxime while the ability of the oxime K307 to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain roughly corresponds to the reactivating efficacy of the oxime K203 and it is slightly lower compared to trimedoxime. Oximes 47-52 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 227-231 29091431-1 2017 Recently, a new class of reactivators of chemical warfare agent inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with promising in vitro potential was developed by the covalent linkage of an oxime nucleophile and a peripheral site ligand. Oximes 180-185 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 74-94 29091431-1 2017 Recently, a new class of reactivators of chemical warfare agent inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with promising in vitro potential was developed by the covalent linkage of an oxime nucleophile and a peripheral site ligand. Oximes 180-185 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 96-100 28696367-1 2017 The ability of two newly developed oximes (K305, K307) to protect tabun-poisoned rats from tabun-induced inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms and brain damage was compared with that of the oxime K203 and trimedoxime. Oximes 35-40 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 125-145 27177985-0 2016 Therapeutic and reactivating efficacy of oximes K027 and K203 against a direct acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Oximes 41-47 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 79-99 27129421-1 2016 The antidotal treatment of organophosphates (OP) nerve agents (NA) poisoning is based on anticholinergics (e.g. atropine) combined with oxime reactivators (e.g. 2PAM) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Oximes 136-141 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 170-190 27177985-1 2016 As oxime-based structures are the only causal antidotes to organophosphate (OP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the majority of studies on these have been directed towards their synthesis and testing. Oximes 3-8 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 90-110 27177985-1 2016 As oxime-based structures are the only causal antidotes to organophosphate (OP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the majority of studies on these have been directed towards their synthesis and testing. Oximes 3-8 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 112-116 25461321-1 2015 Utilizing our previously reported in silico pharmacophore model for reactivation efficacy of oximes, we present here a discovery of twelve new non-oxime reactivators of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) obtained through virtual screening of an in-house compound database. Oximes 93-99 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 234-238 25894563-1 2015 The ability of two novel bispyridinium oximes K727 and K733 and currently available oximes (HI-6, obidoxime) to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and to reduce acute toxicity of sarin was evaluated. Oximes 39-45 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 139-159 25894563-6 2015 On the other hand, the oxime HI-6 was found to be the most efficient reactivator of sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Oximes 23-28 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 100-120 25461321-1 2015 Utilizing our previously reported in silico pharmacophore model for reactivation efficacy of oximes, we present here a discovery of twelve new non-oxime reactivators of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) obtained through virtual screening of an in-house compound database. Oximes 93-98 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 234-238 23422169-7 2013 Previous work has shown the success of oxime-based sensors in the selective detection of AChE inhibitors and this work highlights the ability of an AChE-inspired biomimetic sensor to accurately predict the toxicity (LD50 and LC50) for a range of AChE inhibitors. Oximes 39-44 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 89-93 23422169-7 2013 Previous work has shown the success of oxime-based sensors in the selective detection of AChE inhibitors and this work highlights the ability of an AChE-inspired biomimetic sensor to accurately predict the toxicity (LD50 and LC50) for a range of AChE inhibitors. Oximes 39-44 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 148-152 23422169-7 2013 Previous work has shown the success of oxime-based sensors in the selective detection of AChE inhibitors and this work highlights the ability of an AChE-inspired biomimetic sensor to accurately predict the toxicity (LD50 and LC50) for a range of AChE inhibitors. Oximes 39-44 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 148-152 23123249-0 2013 Testing of novel brain-penetrating oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by nerve agent surrogates. Oximes 35-40 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 57-77 23123249-1 2013 A critical need for combating the effects of organophosphate (OP) anticholinesterases, such as nerve agents, is the current lack of an effective oxime reactivator which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and therefore reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain. Oximes 145-150 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 249-269 23123249-1 2013 A critical need for combating the effects of organophosphate (OP) anticholinesterases, such as nerve agents, is the current lack of an effective oxime reactivator which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and therefore reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain. Oximes 145-150 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 271-275 23123249-4 2013 The oximes demonstrated a range of 14-76% reactivation of rat brain AChE in vitro. Oximes 4-10 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 68-72 23123249-5 2013 An in vivo testing paradigm was developed in which the novel oxime was administered at the time of maximal brain AChE inhibition (about 80%) (1h) elicited by nitrophenyl isopropyl methylphosphonate (NIMP; sarin surrogate). Oximes 61-66 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 113-117 23123249-6 2013 This paradigm, with delayed administration of oxime to a time when brain AChE was starting to recover, was designed to minimize reactivation/reinhibition of peripheral AChE during the reactivation period which would decrease the availability of the surrogate for entry into the brain; this paradigm will allow proof of concept of BBB penetrability. Oximes 46-51 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 168-172 19338015-7 2009 The potency of oximes to reactivate brain AChE was lower due to the poor blood-brain barrier penetration of used compounds. Oximes 15-21 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 42-46 22901042-2 2013 The study determining percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited diaphragm and brain acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of all newly developed oximes is comparable with K203 but lower than the reactivating potency of trimedoxime in diaphragm. Oximes 187-193 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 88-108 22696932-2 2012 In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes is slightly higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in blood, diaphragm as well as in brain. Oximes 187-193 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 87-107 22696932-2 2012 In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes is slightly higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in blood, diaphragm as well as in brain. Oximes 187-192 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 87-107 20167212-4 2010 Combination of both oximes showed potentiation of their reactivation efficacy; this potentiation was expressed for peripheral AChE (blood, diaphragm) and some parts of the brain (pontomedullar area, frontal cortex); AChE in the basal ganglia was relatively resistant. Oximes 20-26 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 126-130 20167212-4 2010 Combination of both oximes showed potentiation of their reactivation efficacy; this potentiation was expressed for peripheral AChE (blood, diaphragm) and some parts of the brain (pontomedullar area, frontal cortex); AChE in the basal ganglia was relatively resistant. Oximes 20-26 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 216-220 19746406-2 2010 The ability of two combinations of oximes (HI-6 + obidoxime and HI-6 + K203) to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and reduce acute toxicity of tabun was compared with the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of antidotal treatment involving single oxime (HI-6, obidoxime, K203) using in vivo methods. Oximes 35-40 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 107-127 19746406-3 2010 Studies determining percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes is higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in blood and diaphragm and comparable with the reactivating effects of the most effective individual oxime in brain. Oximes 183-189 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 83-103 19746406-3 2010 Studies determining percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes is higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in blood and diaphragm and comparable with the reactivating effects of the most effective individual oxime in brain. Oximes 183-188 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 83-103 19746406-6 2010 Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that the antidotal treatment involving chosen combinations of oximes brings beneficial effects for the potency of antidotal treatment to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in rats and to reduce acute toxicity of tabun in mice. Oximes 106-112 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 208-228 20569082-3 2011 The reactivation efficacy of the oximes was estimated on the rats exposed to tabun, atropine and a reactivator of AChE. Oximes 33-39 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 114-118 21954536-5 2011 Application of oxime reactivator enable return of AChE activity and full suppression of intoxication. Oximes 15-20 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 50-54 19603416-4 2009 The intrinsic AChE inhibitory activity of oximes, as reflected by their in vitro IC(50), is strongly correlated with their LD(50) (rat): oximes with a high IC(50) (K-27, K-48, pralidoxime and obidoxime) also show a high LD(50) and are thus relatively non-toxic, whereas oximes K-105, K-108 and K-113 have a low IC(50), a low LD(50) and are far more toxic. Oximes 42-48 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 14-18 19603416-4 2009 The intrinsic AChE inhibitory activity of oximes, as reflected by their in vitro IC(50), is strongly correlated with their LD(50) (rat): oximes with a high IC(50) (K-27, K-48, pralidoxime and obidoxime) also show a high LD(50) and are thus relatively non-toxic, whereas oximes K-105, K-108 and K-113 have a low IC(50), a low LD(50) and are far more toxic. Oximes 137-143 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 14-18 19552519-2 2009 Studies determined percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited blood and tissue AChE in poisoned rats and showed that the reactivating efficacy of both newly developed oximes is comparable with the oxime HI-6 but it is significantly lower than the reactivating effects of obidoxime and trimedoxime, especially in diaphragm and brain. Oximes 170-176 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 82-86 18608751-2 2008 Studies which determined percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited blood and tissue AChE in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both newly developed oximes is comparable with obidoxime and trimedoxime in blood but lower than the reactivating potency of trimedoxime and obidoxime in the diaphragm and brain. Oximes 172-178 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 88-92 18686075-7 2009 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in poisoned rats showed that the potency of both newly developed oximes (K206, K269) to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited AChE is comparable with that of obidoxime in blood and diaphragm, but slightly higher than that of obidoxime in brain. Oximes 204-210 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 133-137 18608751-7 2008 Both newly developed oximes (K206, K269) are significantly more efficacious in reactivating tabun-inhibited AChE in rats and to eliminate lethal toxic effects of tabun in mice than the oxime HI-6 but their reactivating and therapeutic potency does not prevail over the effectiveness of currently available obidoxime and trimedoxime and, therefore, they are not suitable for their replacement of commonly used oximes for the treatment of acute tabun poisoning. Oximes 21-27 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 108-112 18991751-7 2008 Correlations between the different in vitro and in vivo data available reveal that an oxime with a low in vitro AChE inhibitory activity (high IC(50)) is rather non-toxic and reduces DFP-induced mortality (low cumulative relative risk). Oximes 86-91 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 112-116 18991751-8 2008 Oximes with a high in vitro AChE reactivation potency (high tan alpha) also have a high in vitro AChE inhibitory activity (low IC(50)) and have a low LD(50) in vivo, implying high toxicity. Oximes 0-6 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 28-32 18991751-8 2008 Oximes with a high in vitro AChE reactivation potency (high tan alpha) also have a high in vitro AChE inhibitory activity (low IC(50)) and have a low LD(50) in vivo, implying high toxicity. Oximes 0-6 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 97-101 18991751-9 2008 Less hydrophilic oximes have strong in vitro AChE inhibitory activity, are better in vitro AChE reactivators, but are also more toxic in vivo and are associated with a high cumulative risk of death after DFP exposure in rats, implying low in vivo efficacy. Oximes 17-23 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 45-49 18991751-9 2008 Less hydrophilic oximes have strong in vitro AChE inhibitory activity, are better in vitro AChE reactivators, but are also more toxic in vivo and are associated with a high cumulative risk of death after DFP exposure in rats, implying low in vivo efficacy. Oximes 17-23 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 91-95 16952906-5 2006 In addition, our results confirm that the efficacy of oximes in reactivating tabun-inhibited AChE in blood, diaphragm, and brain correlates with the potency of oximes in protecting rats poisoned with supralethal doses of tabun. Oximes 54-60 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 93-97 17674811-1 2007 The potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and commonly used oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase was evaluated in rats poisoned with tabun or cyclosarin at a lethal dose corresponding to the LD50 value. Oximes 31-37 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 130-150 17674811-1 2007 The potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and commonly used oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase was evaluated in rats poisoned with tabun or cyclosarin at a lethal dose corresponding to the LD50 value. Oximes 69-75 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 130-150 17674811-3 2007 On the other hand, one of the newly developed oximes (K074) seems to be a significantly more efficacious reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the central compartment (brain) than the other studied oximes. Oximes 46-52 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 136-156 16952906-1 2006 The potency of newly developed asymmetric bispyridinium oximes (K027, K048) in reactivating tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in eliminating tabun-induced acute toxic effects was compared with commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, the oxime HI-6) using in vivo methods. Oximes 56-62 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 108-128 16952906-1 2006 The potency of newly developed asymmetric bispyridinium oximes (K027, K048) in reactivating tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in eliminating tabun-induced acute toxic effects was compared with commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, the oxime HI-6) using in vivo methods. Oximes 56-62 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 130-134 16952906-1 2006 The potency of newly developed asymmetric bispyridinium oximes (K027, K048) in reactivating tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in eliminating tabun-induced acute toxic effects was compared with commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, the oxime HI-6) using in vivo methods. Oximes 56-61 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 108-128 16952906-1 2006 The potency of newly developed asymmetric bispyridinium oximes (K027, K048) in reactivating tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in eliminating tabun-induced acute toxic effects was compared with commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, the oxime HI-6) using in vivo methods. Oximes 56-61 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 130-134 18547554-1 2008 The potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and commonly used oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase was evaluated in rats poisoned with soman, tabun or cyclosarin at a lethal dose corresponding to their LD(50) value. Oximes 31-37 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 130-150 18547554-1 2008 The potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and commonly used oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase was evaluated in rats poisoned with soman, tabun or cyclosarin at a lethal dose corresponding to their LD(50) value. Oximes 69-75 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 130-150 18547554-2 2008 In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of soman-inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that only the oxime HI-6 was able to reactivate soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the peripheral (blood) as well as central (brain) compartment. Oximes 140-145 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 81-101 18547554-2 2008 In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of soman-inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that only the oxime HI-6 was able to reactivate soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the peripheral (blood) as well as central (brain) compartment. Oximes 140-145 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 190-210 17964625-1 2008 To develop a new reactivator of inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), BBB penetration of 6 known and novel pyridinealdoxime methiodide (PAM)-type oximes (alkylPAMs) with relatively high reactivation activities was examined by in vivo rat brain microdialysis with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Oximes 203-209 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 42-62 17964625-1 2008 To develop a new reactivator of inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), BBB penetration of 6 known and novel pyridinealdoxime methiodide (PAM)-type oximes (alkylPAMs) with relatively high reactivation activities was examined by in vivo rat brain microdialysis with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Oximes 203-209 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 64-68 17265677-0 2006 Substituted monoquaternary oximes as reactivators of cyclosarin--and chlorpyrifos--inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Oximes 27-33 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 93-113 17265677-7 2006 In case of chlorpyrifos, TO231 was the most potent AChE reactivator with an 82 % reactivation at 1.0 mmol L(-1) oxime concentration. Oximes 112-117 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 51-55 16259317-1 2005 (1) The efficacy of the oxime HLo7 and currently used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate acetylcholinesterase inhibited by various nerve agents (sarin, tabun, cyclosarin, VX) was tested by in vitro methods. Oximes 24-29 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 106-126 16766478-2 2006 Both H oximes (HI-6, HLo-7) and the oxime BI-6 were found to be more efficacious reactivators of VX-inhibited acetylcholinesterase than pralidoxime and obidoxime. Oximes 7-12 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 110-130 16601802-0 2005 A comparison of the potency of trimedoxime and other currently available oximes to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and eliminate acute toxic effects of tabun. Oximes 73-79 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 110-130 16601802-3 2005 The potency of trimedoxime and other commonly used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, the oxime HI-6) to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and to eliminate tabun-induced acute effects was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo methods. Oximes 51-57 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 129-149 16601802-3 2005 The potency of trimedoxime and other commonly used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, the oxime HI-6) to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and to eliminate tabun-induced acute effects was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo methods. Oximes 21-26 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 129-149 16025528-3 2005 All oximes are able to reactivate sarin-inhibited AChE. Oximes 4-10 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 50-54 16170392-6 2005 Oxime K048 seems to be promising reactivator of tabun-inhibited AChE. Oximes 0-5 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 64-68 16170392-8 2005 The best reactivator of sarin-inhibited AChE seems to be oxime HI-6. Oximes 57-62 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 40-44 16393932-3 2005 In this study of cyclosarin poisoning treatment, oximes of different chemical structures (obidoxime, HI-6, BI-6, and HS-6) were tested in vitro on rat brain acetylcholinesterase (enzyme source: rat brain homogenate), and afterwards, they were tested in vivo in equimolar doses, in mice and rats. Oximes 49-55 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 157-177 15901095-1 2005 The potency of newly developed and currently used oximes to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase was evaluated using in vitro methods. Oximes 50-56 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 87-107 15901095-4 2005 Although the ability of newly developed oximes to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase does not reach the reactivating potency of the oxime HI-6, the oxime K033 seems to be a more efficacious reactivator of sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase than other currently available oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime) at concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4)M) corresponding to recommended doses in vivo. Oximes 40-46 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 77-97 15901095-4 2005 Although the ability of newly developed oximes to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase does not reach the reactivating potency of the oxime HI-6, the oxime K033 seems to be a more efficacious reactivator of sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase than other currently available oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime) at concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4)M) corresponding to recommended doses in vivo. Oximes 40-45 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 77-97 16259317-0 2005 A comparison of the potency of the oxime HLo-7 and currently used oximes (HI-6, pralidoxime, obidoxime) to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase by in vitro methods. Oximes 35-40 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 150-170 16259317-0 2005 A comparison of the potency of the oxime HLo-7 and currently used oximes (HI-6, pralidoxime, obidoxime) to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase by in vitro methods. Oximes 66-72 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 150-170 16259317-1 2005 (1) The efficacy of the oxime HLo7 and currently used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate acetylcholinesterase inhibited by various nerve agents (sarin, tabun, cyclosarin, VX) was tested by in vitro methods. Oximes 54-60 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 106-126 16259317-4 2005 In the case of cyclosarin, the oxime HI-6 was only found to be able to sufficiently reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in vitro. Oximes 31-36 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 116-136 15171567-0 2004 Oximes-induced reactivation of rat brain acetylcholinesterase inhibited by VX agent. Oximes 0-6 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 41-61 15446359-4 2004 Oxime K033 seems to be the most potent reactivator of cyclosarin-inhibited AChE. Oximes 0-5 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 75-79 15033007-9 2004 The recovery of AChE activity inhibition wasn"t involved in the treatment with memantine on dichlorvos poisoning, therefore, atropine and a proper AChE reactivator (an oxime) should be used clinically. Oximes 168-173 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 16-20 15033007-9 2004 The recovery of AChE activity inhibition wasn"t involved in the treatment with memantine on dichlorvos poisoning, therefore, atropine and a proper AChE reactivator (an oxime) should be used clinically. Oximes 168-173 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 147-151 12893843-2 2003 Extensive in vitro tests of these oximes with acetylcholinesterase inhibited by two different organophosphate agents, echothiophate and diisopropylfluorophosphate, revealed one compound with particularly good reactivation kinetics and affinity for phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Oximes 34-40 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 46-66 15008517-3 2003 Thus, the oxime K048 seems to be a relatively efficacious broad spectrum acetylcholinesterase reactivator and, therefore, it could be useful for the treatment of a nerve agent-exposed population if information about detection of the type of nerve agent is not available. Oximes 10-15 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 73-93 12893843-2 2003 Extensive in vitro tests of these oximes with acetylcholinesterase inhibited by two different organophosphate agents, echothiophate and diisopropylfluorophosphate, revealed one compound with particularly good reactivation kinetics and affinity for phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Oximes 34-40 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 263-283 12893843-2 2003 Extensive in vitro tests of these oximes with acetylcholinesterase inhibited by two different organophosphate agents, echothiophate and diisopropylfluorophosphate, revealed one compound with particularly good reactivation kinetics and affinity for phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Oximes 34-40 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 285-289 9543466-5 1998 Acetylcholinesterase inhibition produced by metrifonate occurs rapidly, is dose dependent, can be detected by inhibition measured in red blood cells, and can be reversed by oxime administration. Oximes 173-178 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 0-20 10566233-3 1999 Our findings confirm that the new oxime BI-6 is a more effective reactivator of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase than obidoxime but not as effective as the oxime HI-6 especially in the peripheral compartment. Oximes 34-39 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 96-116 8292752-5 1993 The rat brain acetylcholinesterase spontaneous (k0 = approximately 13.0 x 10(-3) min-1) and oxime-mediated (koxime) = 51.0 x 10(-3) min-1) reactivation rate constants following inhibition by isomalathion stereoisomers with the R configuration at phosphorus were comparable to spontaneous (11.3 x 10(-3) min-1) and oxime-mediated (50.2 x 10(-3) min-1) reactivation rates obtained for (S)-isoparathion methyl. Oximes 92-97 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 14-34 9600150-3 1998 The subsequent antidotal therapy resulted in variously high reactivation of cyclosin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in dependence on the selection of oxime. Oximes 150-155 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 95-115 8292752-5 1993 The rat brain acetylcholinesterase spontaneous (k0 = approximately 13.0 x 10(-3) min-1) and oxime-mediated (koxime) = 51.0 x 10(-3) min-1) reactivation rate constants following inhibition by isomalathion stereoisomers with the R configuration at phosphorus were comparable to spontaneous (11.3 x 10(-3) min-1) and oxime-mediated (50.2 x 10(-3) min-1) reactivation rates obtained for (S)-isoparathion methyl. Oximes 109-114 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 14-34 8448346-3 1993 Following inhibition of rat brain AChE by (SPRC)- or (SPSC)-isomalathion, k0 and k(oxime) values were obtained that were comparable to (SP)-isoparathion methyl, indicating that the same mechanism of inhibition was shared, namely, formation of an O,S-dimethyl phosphorothiolated enzyme. Oximes 83-88 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 34-38 1459041-4 1992 In assessing therapeutic efficacy and oxime-induced reactivation of blood AChE, rats were pretreated with PYR, challenged with agent and treated with atropine (16 mg/kg, im) and HI-6 or 2-PAM (100 umoles/kg, im) 30 sec post agent. Oximes 38-43 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 74-78 8441737-7 1993 The addition of HI-6, an AChE-reactivating oxime, to atropine + diazepam therapy further increased the survival in soman-poisoned and physostigmine-pretreated rats, yielding the highest protective ratio of 6.4. Oximes 43-48 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 25-29 1664331-0 1991 On the mechanism whereby HI-6 improves neuromuscular function after oxime-resistant acetylcholinesterase inhibition and subsequent impairment of neuromuscular transmission. Oximes 68-73 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 84-104 1664331-1 1991 Experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism of action by which the oxime HI-6 causes a recovery of neuromuscular function after oxime-resistant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by the organophosphate S27. Oximes 77-82 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 168-188 1658986-3 1991 CRS-inhibited AChE appeared to age very rapidly, because in vitro addition of oximes immediately following inhibition, did not result in any AChE reactivation. Oximes 78-84 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 14-18