PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 33995374-3 2021 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from arachidonic acid through the activation of the rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase type 1/2 (COX-1/2) plays an important role in fever. Arachidonic Acid 37-53 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 130-137 33995098-3 2021 The underlying mechanism of NSAID cross-hypersensitivity has been linked to cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibition causing an imbalance in the arachidonic acid pathway. Arachidonic Acid 138-154 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 76-98 32860157-1 2020 Cyclooxygenases are a group of heme-containing isozymes (namely Cox-1 and Cox-2) that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to largely bioactive prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic Acid 113-129 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 64-69 32599361-5 2020 Both compounds inhibited the cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid by ovine COX-1, and were more potent inhibitors of human recombinant COX-2 when 2-arachidonoylglycerol was used as substrate than when arachidonic acid was used. Arachidonic Acid 49-65 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 75-80 29308820-3 2018 The S-nitrosylation detection and subsequent kinetic investigations into the arachidonic acid (AA) oxidation of COX enzymes indicate that NO S-nitrosylates both COX-1 and COX-2 in an oxygen-dependent manner, but enhances only the dioxygenase activity of COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 77-93 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 161-166 31229884-11 2019 IC50hCOX-1 value of 11 determined by measuring the O2 consumption during the bis-oxygenation of the arachidonic acid catalysed by COX-1 was found to be equal to 1.8 nM. Arachidonic Acid 100-116 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 4-10 31229884-11 2019 IC50hCOX-1 value of 11 determined by measuring the O2 consumption during the bis-oxygenation of the arachidonic acid catalysed by COX-1 was found to be equal to 1.8 nM. Arachidonic Acid 100-116 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 5-10 31562623-1 2019 The Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) incorporate 2 molecules of O2 into arachidonic acid (AA), resulting in an array of bioactive prostaglandins. Arachidonic Acid 80-96 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 28-33 30096040-2 2019 Acetylation of Ser530 inhibits catalysis by preventing access of arachidonic acid substrate in the COX-1 isoenzyme. Arachidonic Acid 65-81 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 99-104 29928483-1 2018 Arachidonic acid (AA) can be converted into prostaglandins (PGs) or leukotrienes (LTs) by the enzymatic actions of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) or 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), respectively. Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 132-137 29408043-1 2018 Arachidonic acid is metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) into various prostanoids which exert different functions in mammalian physiology. Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 52-57 30710016-1 2019 Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and -2, commonly called cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and -2), catalyze the committed step in prostaglandin biosynthesis-the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 Both COX isoforms are sequence homodimers that function as conformational heterodimers having allosteric (Eallo) and catalytic (Ecat) subunits. Arachidonic Acid 182-198 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 91-103 30315753-3 2018 NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic actions by inhibiting the cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and COX-2, key enzymes of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade. Arachidonic Acid 145-161 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 91-114 28781793-11 2017 On immunohistochemical examination, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 were strongly positive, indicating that the tumor activated the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and produced prostaglandin. Arachidonic Acid 133-149 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 36-58 28160743-5 2017 They are generated primarily via esterification of newly formed DXA3, but can also be formed in vitro via co-oxidation of PE during COX-1 co-oxidation of arachidonate. Arachidonic Acid 154-166 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 132-137 28132118-1 2017 Prostaglandins (PGs) are signaling lipids derived from arachidonic acid (AA), which is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or 2 and class-specific synthases to generate PGD2, PGE2, PGF2alpha, PGI2 (prostacyclin), and thromboxane A2. Arachidonic Acid 55-71 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 102-124 27534811-1 2017 Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids, and has two isoforms, COX1 and COX2, which share ~65% amino acid homology. Arachidonic Acid 66-82 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 121-125 26551717-1 2015 Platelets are activated by the interaction with cancer cells and release enhanced levels of lipid mediators [such as thromboxane (TX)A2 and prostaglandin (PG)E2, generated from arachidonic acid (AA) by the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1], granule content, including ADP and growth factors, chemokines, proteases and Wnt proteins. Arachidonic Acid 177-193 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 218-240 27111555-1 2016 Biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid (AA) is catalyzed by cyclooxygenase (COX), which exists as COX-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 36-52 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 112-117 27768866-1 2016 Prostaglandins have been characterized as the metabolic products of arachidonic acid released from glycerophospholipids following hydrolysis by phospholipase A2s and enzymatic oxidation by the COX1 and COX2. Arachidonic Acid 68-84 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 193-197 25980490-3 2015 The cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2) are the key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Arachidonic Acid 83-99 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 28-33 24503478-1 2014 Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) oxygenate arachidonic acid (AA) to generate prostaglandins. Arachidonic Acid 44-60 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 17-22 25654274-2 2015 In mammalian cells, prostaglandins are produced from arachidonic acid (AA) via cyclooxygenases (COX1 and COX2). Arachidonic Acid 53-69 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 96-100 25047043-2 2014 The oxidative conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 is carried out by two isozymes of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 28-44 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 115-120 25676325-2 2015 NSAIDs are known as targets of cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3) in arachidonic acid metabolism. Arachidonic Acid 81-97 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 54-59 24786190-1 2014 Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in human platelets by two main pathways: via cyclooxygenase (COX-1) to prostaglandins and thromboxane (TX)A2 and via 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE). Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 98-103 24009185-8 2013 HEK293 cells transiently expressing TxAS together with cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or COX-2 produced both TxB2 and 12-HHT from arachidonic acid, while HEK293 cells expressing only COX-1 or COX-2 produced significant amounts of 12-HHT but no TxB2. Arachidonic Acid 122-138 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 55-77 25132377-8 2014 In addition, immunoreactivity for cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2 and 5-lipoxygenase, downstream enzymes of PLA2 in the arachidonic acid cascade, was co-localized with that for PLA2s-IIE and -V in cells expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin and macrophages expressing CD68. Arachidonic Acid 118-134 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 34-56 23838032-1 2013 AIMS: Aspirin achieves its antithrombotic effect through inactivation of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1, thereby preventing generation of thromboxane (TX)A2 from arachidonic acid (AA). Arachidonic Acid 155-171 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 73-96 23505121-1 2013 Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme synthesizes prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid and exists as two major isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 66-82 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 117-122 22304495-5 2013 It was also supervised that the compound 3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)-N-phenylpropanamide (6a) docked near the gate of COX-1 active site and might block the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) H2 in the active site of COXs. Arachidonic Acid 172-188 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 120-125 21722977-3 2013 METHODS: Here, we have engineered a novel adipose tissue-derived cell that constantly produces PGI(2,) through transfecting of an engineered cDNA of a hybrid enzyme (human COX-1-10-aa-PGIS) which has superior triple catalytic functions in directly converting arachidonic acid into PGI(2). Arachidonic Acid 259-275 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 172-177 23238666-6 2013 This likely occurs within the hydrophobic substrate channel of platelet COX-1 and might be explained by molecular competition between inhibitor drugs and substrate (arachidonic acid) at overlapping binding sites. Arachidonic Acid 165-181 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 72-77 23441213-3 2013 In the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid and EGCG, PGI(2) production was preferentially inhibited by a selective COX-1 inhibitor. Arachidonic Acid 29-45 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 118-123 23083110-3 2012 Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) monotherapy improves patient outcomes by irreversibly inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 enzyme in the arachidonic acid pathway. Arachidonic Acid 137-153 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 100-122 22263894-2 2012 They are produced by oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) followed by metabolism of endoperoxide intermediates by terminal PG synthases. Arachidonic Acid 34-50 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 76-81 22822059-1 2012 Arachidonic acid is converted to prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by a sequential enzymatic reaction performed by two isoenzyme groups, cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and terminal prostaglandin E synthases (cPGES, mPGES-1, and mPGES-2). Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 148-153 22294277-5 2012 COX-1 activity was assessed with arachidonic acid aggregometry (AAA). Arachidonic Acid 33-49 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-5 22049022-1 2012 Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (H-PGDS) proteins, which are both involved in the arachidonate cascade, were stable in human megakaryocytic MEG-01 cells. Arachidonic Acid 121-133 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-22 20868723-2 2011 Prostaglandin H synthases or cyclooxygenases (COX -1 and COX-2) play a central role in the inflammatory cascade by converting arachidonic acid into bioactive prostanoids. Arachidonic Acid 126-142 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 46-52 19239910-3 2009 MK-886 inhibited isolated COX-1 (IC(50)=8 microM) and blocked the formation of the COX-1-derived products 12(S)-hydroxy-5-cis-8,10-trans-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) and thromboxane B(2) in washed human platelets in response to collagen as well as from exogenous arachidonic acid (IC(50)=13-15 microM). Arachidonic Acid 266-282 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 83-88 20497297-2 2010 In PGE(2) biosynthesis, cyclooxygenases (COX-1/2) convert arachidonic acid to PGH(2), which can be isomerized to PGE(2) by PGE synthases, including microsomal PGE synthase-1 (MPGES-1). Arachidonic Acid 58-74 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 41-48 22435614-6 2010 COX 1 and 2 isoforms then act on arachidonic acid to form prostaglandins and other related regulatory molecules. Arachidonic Acid 33-49 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-11 20543887-1 2010 Thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)), the primary product of COX-1-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid, mediates its biological actions through the TXA(2) receptor, termed the TP. Arachidonic Acid 80-96 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 50-55 19553934-9 2009 Likewise, evidence has emerged that initiation of the metabolism of arachidonic acid by COX-1 is not necessarily a "good" thing in terms of vascular protection. Arachidonic Acid 68-84 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 88-93 19815191-2 2010 Prostaglandins are produced after the sequential oxidation of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and terminal PG synthases. Arachidonic Acid 62-78 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 99-104 19846775-2 2009 In PGE(2) biosynthesis, cyclooxygenases (COX-1/COX-2) convert arachidonic acid to PGH(2), which can be isomerized to PGE(2) by microsomal PGE-synthase-1 (MPGES-1). Arachidonic Acid 62-78 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 41-46 19205707-1 2009 PURPOSE: Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX1 and COX2, are key in converting arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandins that have been associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Arachidonic Acid 76-92 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 39-43 19416639-3 2009 The cloned stable transfectants with COX-1 or COX-2 exhibited higher expression levels of their corresponding mRNA and proteins, and greater production of PGE(2) upon stimulation with free arachidonic acid or A23187 than the parent cells and the transfectants with vector only. Arachidonic Acid 189-205 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 37-42 19239910-6 2009 MK-886 (10 microM) inhibited COX-1-mediated platelet aggregation induced by collagen or arachidonic acid whereas thrombin- or U-46619-induced (COX-independent) aggregation was not affected. Arachidonic Acid 88-104 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 29-34 18838483-4 2009 In the presence of arachidonic acid and 12-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, either exogenous or provided by platelet activation, or after glutathione depletion, COX-1 inhibition but not COX-2 inhibition concentration dependently decreased prostacyclin production. Arachidonic Acid 19-35 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 163-168 19269697-1 2009 Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other lipid mediators. Arachidonic Acid 71-87 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 17-22 19439810-13 2009 COX-1 inhibition was resulting from competition of CLA and linoleic acid with arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 78-94 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-5 18829119-1 2008 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2 alpha) is the rate-limiting enzyme for release of arachidonic acid, which is converted primarily to prostaglandins via the cyclooxygenase (COX) 1/2 pathways, and leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. Arachidonic Acid 90-106 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 163-185 19028575-2 2009 The model takes into account key features of the complex catalytic mechanism of cyclooxygenase-1, converting arachidonic acid to prostaglandin PGH(2), and includes the description of the enzyme interaction with various types of NSAIDs (reversible/irreversible, non-selective and selective to COX-1/COX-2). Arachidonic Acid 109-125 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 292-297 19444759-1 2009 Prostaglandin (PG) E(2), which exerts its actions via the PG receptors EP1-4, is produced from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 95-111 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 115-137 18818754-1 2008 Linoleic acid (LA) preincubated with cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or -2 inhibited prostaglandin (PG) formation from arachidonic acid (AA) catalyzed by the respective enzyme, but LA without the preincubation did not. Arachidonic Acid 110-126 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 37-59 18220987-2 2008 COX-1 and COX-2 play key roles in the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 52-68 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-5 18355129-1 2008 Cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX-1 and -2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs) and play a significant role in the health and disease of the eye. Arachidonic Acid 68-84 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 27-39 17945191-5 2008 The inhibitory effect of AKBA is reversible, and increased levels of arachidonic acid (AA) as substrate for COX-1 impair the efficacy. Arachidonic Acid 69-85 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 108-113 17878511-3 2007 PGE(2) is formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2)-catalyzed formation of prostaglandin H(2) (PGH(2)) and further transformation by PGE synthases. Arachidonic Acid 22-38 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 58-63 18220787-1 2007 Cyclooxygenases (COXs), the enzymes involved in the formation of prostaglandins from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, exist in two forms--the constitutive COX-1 that is cytoprotective and responsible for the production of prostaglandins and COX-2 which is induced by cytokines, mitogens and endotoxins in inflammatory cells and responsible for the increased levels of prostaglandins during inflammation. Arachidonic Acid 121-137 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 176-181 17191216-3 2007 Since the discovery of a second isoform of COXs, it has been shown that PGF2alpha can be formed in vivo from arachidonic acid through both isoforms of COXs, namely cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Arachidonic Acid 109-125 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 182-187 17380299-2 2007 Angiogenesis is enhanced by prostaglandins (PGs) that are synthesised by the catalysis of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) from arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 129-145 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 107-112 16950767-1 2006 Cyclooxygenase (COX) has two isoforms, COX-1 and -2, which catalyze the key step in the conversion of cellular arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Arachidonic Acid 111-127 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 39-51 16842185-2 2006 Their synthesis is dependent on two cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, which are rate-limiting for the production of prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes from free arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 177-193 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 66-71 16831307-3 2006 Prostaglandins, catalyzed by the cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) from arachidonic acid, are one class of these factors. Arachidonic Acid 72-88 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 50-55 16454737-8 2006 Prostacyclins are powerful vasodilators and potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation which are produced from free arachidonic acid through the catalytic activity of two COX: COX-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 115-131 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 175-180 16519514-0 2006 Molecular dynamics simulations of arachidonic acid complexes with COX-1 and COX-2: insights into equilibrium behavior. Arachidonic Acid 34-50 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 66-71 16519514-5 2006 We have used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the equilibrium behavior of both COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme isoforms with bound arachidonate. Arachidonic Acid 140-152 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 97-102 16519515-0 2006 Molecular dynamics simulations of arachidonic acid-derived pentadienyl radical intermediate complexes with COX-1 and COX-2: insights into oxygenation regio- and stereoselectivity. Arachidonic Acid 34-50 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 107-112 16273333-1 2005 Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic Acid 61-77 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 17-22 16150050-1 2005 BACKGROUND: Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid (AA) to the potent platelet agonist thromboxane (TX) A2. Arachidonic Acid 123-139 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 74-96 17016062-6 2006 RESULTS: High concentrations of FEX (10(-3) mol/l) significantly inhibited arachidonic acid-mediated ovine COX-1 activity, but low concentrations had no effect. Arachidonic Acid 75-91 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 107-112 15869467-1 2005 Cyclo-oxygenases-1/2 (COX-1/2) catalyse the oxygenation of AA (arachidonic acid) and related polyunsaturated fatty acids to endoperoxide precursors of prostanoids. Arachidonic Acid 63-79 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 22-29 16113940-7 2005 Although COX-1 and COX-2 exhibit similar biochemical activity in converting arachidonate to PGH2 in vitro, the ultimate prostanoids they produce in vivo may be different due to differential regulation of COX-1 and COX-2, tissue distribution, and availability of the prostanoid synthases. Arachidonic Acid 76-88 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 9-14 16113940-3 2005 NSAIDs block the activity of both COX isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2, which mediate the enzymatic conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and other prostaglandin (PG) metabolites. Arachidonic Acid 107-119 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 48-53 15361066-1 2005 The two COX (cyclo-oxygenase) isoenzymes COX-1 and -2 catalyse the initial step in the conversion of arachidonic acid into PG (prostaglandin) hormones. Arachidonic Acid 101-117 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 41-53 15936346-1 2005 Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases (PTGS), commonly referred to as cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), catalyze the key step in the synthesis of biologically active prostaglandins (PGs), the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). Arachidonic Acid 206-222 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 86-91 15948687-1 2005 BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which exerts its actions via EP receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), is a bioactive metabolite produced by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and/or COX-2 from arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 184-200 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 143-165 29539150-1 2005 BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), which exerts its actions via EP receptors (EP1 , EP2 , EP3 , and EP4 ), is a bioactive metabolite produced by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and/or COX-2 from arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 189-205 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 148-170 15695510-3 2005 Lentiviral transfection of iPLA2gamma into HEK293 cells resulted in marked increases in spontaneous, stimulus-coupled, and cell death-associated release of arachidonic acid (AA), which was converted to prostaglandin E2 with preferred cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 coupling. Arachidonic Acid 156-172 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 234-256 15850674-2 2005 The initial step in the formation of prostanoids, i.e., the conversion of free arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin (PG)G(2) and then to PGH(2), is controlled by two PGH synthases (COX-1 and COX-2). Arachidonic Acid 79-95 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 183-188 16190133-4 2005 The inhibitory action of aspirin on COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes enhances the tissue concentrations of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Arachidonic Acid 134-150 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 36-41 15867369-2 2005 Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Arachidonic Acid 61-77 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 17-22 15533902-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3) convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and other hydroxy fatty acids. Arachidonic Acid 69-85 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 36-41 15892673-7 2005 This is achieved through local inhibition of both enzymes (e.g. COX-1 and COX-2) responsible for the synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites. Arachidonic Acid 114-130 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 64-69 20704950-4 2004 COX-1 is the main form present in mature platelets in the blood, where it transforms arachidonic acid to the intermediates PG-G/H, which are subsequently converted to thromboxane A2. Arachidonic Acid 85-101 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-5 15158783-3 2004 The evaluation of platelet antiaggregating profile lead us to identify a new potent prototype of antiplatelet derivative, that is (6a) (IC(50)=2.3 microM), which acts in arachidonic acid pathway probably by inhibition of platelet COX-1 enzyme. Arachidonic Acid 170-186 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 230-235 15049901-1 2004 AIMS: Cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyses the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, has two isoforms; COX-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 81-97 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 117-122 15283037-3 2004 COX-1 is expressed in constituent form in most tissues where it controls the production of arachidonic acid metabolites which maintain the physiological tissue integrity. Arachidonic Acid 91-107 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-5 14715958-1 2004 The cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the first committed step of prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 102-118 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 20-25 15179621-10 2004 COX-1 and COX-2 are enzymes that generate prostaglandins and thromboxanes from free arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 84-100 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-5 12512699-1 2002 Prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) is generated from arachidonic acid by either constitutive (COX-1) or inducible (COX-2) cyclooxygenases. Arachidonic Acid 55-71 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 96-101 12874281-2 2003 They are an abundant source of inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2, which are formed via arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by cyclooxygenase-1/2 (COX-1/2). Arachidonic Acid 129-145 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 185-192 12971030-1 2003 Inhibition of ex vivo arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation is a biomarker for the isotype selectivity of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors since platelets express COX-1 but not COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 22-38 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 166-171 12841340-1 2003 Cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and -2) play a pivotal role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and in eicosanoid production. Arachidonic Acid 121-137 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 66-78 12615701-7 2003 Selective inhibition of COX-1, not COX-2, inhibited arachidonic acid-stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor production, which could be reversed by cotreatment with prostaglandin E(2). Arachidonic Acid 52-68 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 24-29 15301300-2 2004 INTRODUCTION: Cyclooxygenases 1 (Cox-1) and 2 (Cox-2) play a key role in arachidonic acid metabolism and in the regulation of eicosanoid production. Arachidonic Acid 73-89 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 33-45 12814375-1 2003 Cyclooxygenase (COX), which is present in two isoforms (COX1 and 2), synthesizes prostaglandins from arachidonic acid; it plays a crucial role in inflammation in both central and peripheral tissues. Arachidonic Acid 101-117 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 56-66 11821061-5 2002 Although moDCs failed to mobilize endogenous arachidonic acid, they converted exogenous arachidonic acid into PGE2 in a COX-1- and COX-2-dependent fashion. Arachidonic Acid 88-104 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 120-125 12195225-9 2002 So, even minimal aspirin doses inhibit the activity of COX-1, which shunts the already abnormal metabolism of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 110-126 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 55-60 12037188-1 2002 The functional significance of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and -2), the key enzymes that convert arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs) in brain, is unclear, although they have been implicated in cellular functions and in some neurologic disorders, including stroke, epilepsy, and Alzheimer"s disease. Arachidonic Acid 92-108 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 48-60 11877441-6 2002 In addition, TSA-treated NHA cells produced prostaglandin E(2) as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after incubation with 10 microm exogenous arachidonic acid, indicating that the induced COX-1 is functionally active. Arachidonic Acid 156-172 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 202-207 11909557-2 2002 NSAIDs act by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, the 2 isoforms of COX. Arachidonic Acid 64-80 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 85-107 11926591-1 2002 Cyclooxygenase (COX), existing as the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which is then further metabolized to various prostaglandins. Arachidonic Acid 73-89 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 38-43 21336918-2 2001 After activation of cellular phospholipases and release of free arachidonic acid, catalyzed insertion of oxygen occurs enzymatically via action of one of the two known cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX-1 and COX-2). Arachidonic Acid 64-80 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 195-200 11677234-2 2002 Prostaglandin synthesis by cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2) involves an initial oxygenation of arachidonic acid at C-11, followed by endoperoxide and cyclopentane ring formation, and then a second reaction with molecular oxygen in the S configuration at C-15. Arachidonic Acid 105-121 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 53-58 12444802-7 2002 The prevalent theory about the pathogenesis of urticaria and angioedema due to NSAIDs in cross-reactive patients assumes that the inhibition of COX-1 leads to a shunting of arachidonic acid metabolism towards the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, which results in an increased synthesis and release of cysteinyl leukotrienes. Arachidonic Acid 173-189 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 144-149 12086406-5 2002 The COX enzymatic system includes two isoenzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, that convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Arachidonic Acid 80-96 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 50-55 11695251-1 2001 The isozymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to eicosanoids that play an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular hemostasis. Arachidonic Acid 94-110 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 31-36 11469677-2 2001 Since NSAIDs are known to inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2), the basic mechanism of their antitumor effects is conceivably the altered metabolism of arachidonic acid and, subsequently, prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic Acid 154-170 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 51-56 11160644-5 2001 In a highly sensitive assay for COX-1 with U937 microsomes where the arachidonic acid concentration was lowered to 0.1 microM, IC(50) values of 12, 2, 0.25, and 0.05 microM were obtained for etoricoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and celecoxib, respectively. Arachidonic Acid 69-85 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 32-37 11701743-3 2001 Cyclooxygenase (Cox) is the key enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid to PGs, and two isoforms, Cox-1 and Cox-2, have been identified. Arachidonic Acid 56-72 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 99-104 11509629-1 2001 The two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, both metabolize arachidonic acid to PGH(2), the common substrate for thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)), prostacyclin (PGI(2)), and PGE(2) synthesis. Arachidonic Acid 72-88 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 39-44 11422676-1 2001 Cyclooxygenase-1,2 (COX-1,2) or prostaglandin (PG) H synthase, is the first enzyme of the pathway in which arachidonic acid is oxidized to PGs. Arachidonic Acid 107-123 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 20-25 11159734-2 2001 Here, the arachidonic acid-dependent activation of substrates by human (h)COX-1 and-2 is examined, utilizing recombinant enzymes. Arachidonic Acid 10-26 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 74-85 11080685-1 2000 Arachidonic acid (AA) released by cPLA(2) and sPLA(2)s is supplied to both COX-1 and COX-2 in the immediate, and predominantly to COX-2 in the delayed, PG-biosynthetic responses. Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 75-80 11201045-1 2000 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which exerts its actions via EP receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), is a bioactive metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and/or COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 122-138 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 151-173 11032097-1 2000 Arachidonic acid metabolism is governed by 2 isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), the constitutively expressed COX-1 and the inducible COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 108-113 10869354-6 2000 mPGES was functionally coupled with COX-2 in marked preference to COX-1, particularly when the supply of arachidonic acid was limited. Arachidonic Acid 105-121 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 66-71 10869354-7 2000 Increased supply of arachidonic acid by explosive activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) allowed mPGES to be coupled with COX-1. Arachidonic Acid 20-36 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 126-131 10223523-2 1999 Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids, are now recognized: a constitutively expressed COX-1 and a highly regulated COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 82-98 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 162-167 10889329-3 2000 The determination of the concentration of arachidonic acid metabolites was performed by HPLC for COX-1 and RIA for COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 42-58 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 97-102 10744623-1 2000 The cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and COX-2 are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. Arachidonic Acid 75-91 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 4-27 10734173-7 2000 Experiments with purified COX-1 and COX-2 also showed 9-fold increase of 3-nitrotyrosine levels, which correlated with decreased (93-98%) production of prostaglandin H(2) when ONOO(-) (50 microM) was added 1 min before arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 219-235 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 26-31 10438452-0 1999 Arachidonic acid oxygenation by COX-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 32-37 10509845-3 1999 COX-1 is continuously expressed in almost all tissues, where it converts arachidonate to the prostaglandins (PGs) important in homeostatic function; COX-2 is present in immune cells, blood vessel endothelial cells, and synovial fibroblasts. Arachidonic Acid 73-85 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-5 7880828-2 1995 In 1 mM GSH, the constitutive (COX-1) and the mitogen inducible (COX-2) isoforms metabolized arachidonate to 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) (88% and 78% of total products, respectively). Arachidonic Acid 93-105 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 31-36 10815617-2 1999 Cyclooxygenase (COX), which exists as COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, is the first enzyme in the pathway in which arachidonic acid is converted to PGs. Arachidonic Acid 108-124 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 38-43 9543076-1 1998 BACKGROUND: Cyclo-oxygenases 1 (Cox-1) and 2 (Cox-2) catalyse the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin endoperoxides, leading to the formation of prostaglandin and thromboxane mediators of inflammation. Arachidonic Acid 80-96 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 32-44 9365818-4 1997 In the present report, we describe a sensitive assay for the inhibition of human COX-1 based on the production of prostaglandin E2 by microsomes from U937 cells incubated with a subsaturating concentration of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic Acid 209-225 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 81-86 9154324-2 1997 Cyclo-oxygenase (COX), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), exists in two forms, termed COX-1 and COX-2 which are encoded by different genes. Arachidonic Acid 68-84 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 146-151 9927229-2 1998 Cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids exists in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. Arachidonic Acid 56-72 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 112-117 9435567-11 1997 Conversion of increased arachidonic acid release to PGE2 by COX-1 is mainly involved in the short-term effect, whereas B2 receptor-related COX-2 induction is important in the long-term PGE2 release. Arachidonic Acid 24-40 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 60-65 9375956-17 1997 Calcium ionophore-dependent PGE2 synthesis was associated with COX-2 expression, whereas COX-1 and COX-2 seemed to participate in arachidonic acid-dependent PGE2 synthesis. Arachidonic Acid 130-146 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 89-94 9266823-1 1997 The cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) precursors and are a limiting step in PG production. Arachidonic Acid 58-74 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 34-39 9146894-4 1997 In CHO cells stably transfected with human COX isozymes, DFU inhibited the arachidonic acid-dependent production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with at least a 1,000 fold selectivity for COX-2 (IC50 = 41 +/- 14 nM) over COX-1 (IC50 > 50 microM). Arachidonic Acid 75-91 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 216-221 9146894-13 1997 Inhibition of purified recombinant human COX-1 by DFU was very weak and observed only at low concentrations of substrate (IC50 = 63 +/- 5 microM at 0.1 microM arachidonic acid). Arachidonic Acid 159-175 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 41-46 8995534-3 1997 These enzymes catalyse the release of arachidonic acid which is then converted to prostaglandins by the cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2). Arachidonic Acid 38-54 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 121-126 8848551-4 1996 The biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid is regulated by the enzyme cyclooxygenase which exists in two forms; the constitutive form (COX-1) and the other mitogen inducible (COX-2). Arachidonic Acid 40-56 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 149-154 7880828-6 1995 Arachidonic acid oxidation by COX-1, and not by COX-2, was inhibited by the combined presence of GSH and liver cytosol. Arachidonic Acid 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 30-35 7832763-4 1995 hCOX-1 had a specific activity of 18.8 mumol of O2/mg with a Km of 13.8 microM for arachidonate and Vmax. Arachidonic Acid 83-95 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 0-6 34310861-3 2021 Their mechanism of action is associated with the enzymes of the arachidonic acid cycle (cyclooxygenases: COX-1 and COX-2). Arachidonic Acid 64-80 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 105-110 7610990-2 1995 Mechanistically, these compounds are believed to act via inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic Acid 138-154 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 98-101 7979387-4 1994 The specific cyclooxygenase activities of both enzymes are 43 mumol O2/min/mg with arachidonic acid which is within the range of values reported for ovine Cox-1. Arachidonic Acid 83-99 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 155-160 7979387-5 1994 The Km values of arachidonic acid for hCox-2 and ovine Cox-1 are 0.9 and 2.7 microM, respectively. Arachidonic Acid 17-33 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 55-60 8280164-11 1993 To focus on the action of COX1 and bypass the action of PLA2, exogenous arachidonic acid was used as substrate for PG synthesis. Arachidonic Acid 72-88 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 26-30