PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 2400992-1 1990 Both recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) and recombinant interleukin 1 (rIL-1) are able to mediate vascular collapse and death in a previously described murine model, using galactosamine to enhance the toxicity of these cytokines. Galactosamine 178-191 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 40-44 1459648-2 1992 High TNF-alpha level was observed up to 48 hr in CCl4 and up to 24 hr in D-galactosamine treated animals. Galactosamine 73-88 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 5-14 2174282-5 1990 Experimental liver injury in Wistar rats induced by galactosamine (GLN) and LPS produced marked increase of serum TNF level and submassive liver necrosis. Galactosamine 52-65 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 114-117 2174282-5 1990 Experimental liver injury in Wistar rats induced by galactosamine (GLN) and LPS produced marked increase of serum TNF level and submassive liver necrosis. Galactosamine 67-70 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 114-117 2174282-6 1990 It is noteworthy that normal serum TNF and markedly ameliorated liver injury were observed in rats that received combined treatment with GLN, LPS and hepatopoietin (HPN), a low molecular peptide extracted from suckling porcine liver. Galactosamine 137-140 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 35-38 24887412-8 2014 Treatments with either TNF-alpha antibodies or 2-APB also significantly improved the compromised GFR, elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, and reversed the decrease in glomerular inulin space and the increase in glomerular calcium content in GalN/LPS-exposed rats. Galactosamine 257-261 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 23-32 2698219-5 1989 Identical changes in TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels were also seen with D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. Galactosamine 78-93 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 21-30 25893720-5 2016 RESULTS: LPS/GalN challenge alone resulted in significantly increased production of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and nitric oxide as compared to the normal control rats. Galactosamine 13-17 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 95-122 25893720-5 2016 RESULTS: LPS/GalN challenge alone resulted in significantly increased production of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and nitric oxide as compared to the normal control rats. Galactosamine 13-17 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 124-133 24887412-6 2014 GFR was reduced by 33% of the controls 12 h after GalN/LPS exposure, accompanied with a decreased serum sodium levels, a marked increase in serum TNF-alpha and ET-1 levels as well as significantly upregulated renal type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) expression. Galactosamine 50-54 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 146-155 23526264-4 2013 The rat liver triglyceride content increased with the dosage of TNF-alpha/d-galactosamine (GalN), but was suppressed by intake of both tocotrienol (T3) and alpha-tocopherol. Galactosamine 74-89 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 64-73 24365491-0 2014 Pseudoephedrine/ephedrine shows potent anti-inflammatory activity against TNF-alpha-mediated acute liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine. Galactosamine 143-158 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 74-83 24799907-3 2014 After 48 hours of D-GalN/LPS, the rats exhibited 20% mortality, significant increases in AST, ALT, ALP, TBILI, PT, and aPTT, TNF- alpha , and COX-2 and significant decreases in FIB, WBCs, and RBCs. Galactosamine 18-24 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 125-135 23375034-3 2013 RESULTS: We found that the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-kappaB were significantly up-regulated in D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic rats and treatment with carvacrol significantly down-regulated the expressions of these genes showing the mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol. Galactosamine 137-152 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 59-68 23526264-4 2013 The rat liver triglyceride content increased with the dosage of TNF-alpha/d-galactosamine (GalN), but was suppressed by intake of both tocotrienol (T3) and alpha-tocopherol. Galactosamine 91-95 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 64-73 11340116-9 2001 The results suggest that green tea might suppress LPS + GalN-induced liver injury mainly through the inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes, rather than through the suppression of TNF-alpha production, although the suppressed production of TNF-alpha may be associated with the hepatoprotective effect of caffeine. Galactosamine 56-60 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 115-124 20354348-6 2010 Nobiletin suppressed GalN/LPS-induced increases in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and hepatic mRNA levels for inducible NO synthase and DNA fragmentation. Galactosamine 21-25 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 58-91 19226379-13 2009 injection of E5564 reduced the elevation of serum T.Bil, ALT and TNF-alpha levels in rats treated with GalN. Galactosamine 103-107 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 65-74 19226379-14 2009 The expression level of TNF-alpha mRNA in the whole liver, which was increased at 24 h after GalN injection, was also reduced by i.v. Galactosamine 93-97 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 24-33 19324037-0 2009 Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate reduced TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in galactosamine sensitized rat hepatocytes through activation of nitric oxide and cGMP production. Galactosamine 65-78 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 34-43 19324037-3 2009 In the present study, we examined the intracellular mechanisms involved in the F1,6BP inhibition of the apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha in parenchyma cells of GalN-sensitized rat liver. Galactosamine 158-162 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 125-134 16521276-13 2006 In addition, F1,6BP treatment decreased sensitivity to LPS, which reduced the GalN-induced increase in TNF-alpha. Galactosamine 78-82 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 103-112 12586601-0 2003 Immunomodulatory activity of TNF-alpha during acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine and its protection by PGE1 in rats. Galactosamine 76-91 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 29-38 12586601-1 2003 Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mediates hepatocyte cell death by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and its protection by prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)). Galactosamine 75-90 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 30-39 11673110-8 2001 Although serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were markedly elevated after GalN/LPS administration, ONO-4819 significantly inhibited the elevation of those of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma but not that of IL-8. Galactosamine 149-153 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 25-52 11673110-8 2001 Although serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were markedly elevated after GalN/LPS administration, ONO-4819 significantly inhibited the elevation of those of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma but not that of IL-8. Galactosamine 149-153 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 54-63 20546456-3 2010 D-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in rats is an experimental model of fulminant hepatic failure, where TNF-alpha plays a central role in the progression of liver injury. Galactosamine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 142-151 20546456-3 2010 D-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in rats is an experimental model of fulminant hepatic failure, where TNF-alpha plays a central role in the progression of liver injury. Galactosamine 17-21 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 142-151 18070011-3 2008 D-Galactosamine (GalN), a hepatocyte-specific inhibitor of RNA synthesis, is known to sensitize animals to the lethal effects of LPS and TNF-alpha. Galactosamine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 137-146 18070011-3 2008 D-Galactosamine (GalN), a hepatocyte-specific inhibitor of RNA synthesis, is known to sensitize animals to the lethal effects of LPS and TNF-alpha. Galactosamine 17-21 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 137-146 18603811-4 2008 The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were significantly increased after an injection with GalN (P<0.05), but pinitol supplementation at the level of 0.5% reversed these changes to normal levels. Galactosamine 179-183 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 79-106 18603811-4 2008 The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were significantly increased after an injection with GalN (P<0.05), but pinitol supplementation at the level of 0.5% reversed these changes to normal levels. Galactosamine 179-183 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 108-117 16794324-3 2006 Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and asparate aminotranferase (AST) levels increased significantly after injection of GalN, but PPE inhibited GalN-induced alterations in serum TNF-alpha, LDH, ALT, and AST levels. Galactosamine 193-197 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 6-33 10758413-0 2000 TNF-alpha but not IL-1alpha is correlated with PGE1-dependent protection against acute D-galactosamine-induced liver injury. Galactosamine 87-102 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-9 10986217-2 2000 We have previously shown that protection against D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced liver injury by prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) was accompanied by an increase in TNF-alpha and nitrite/nitrate in serum. Galactosamine 49-64 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 160-169 9672246-1 1998 Liver injury accompanied by apoptosis of hepatocytes was provoked in mice by an intravenous injection of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) (1.0 microg/kg) together with an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-gal) (500 mg/kg). Galactosamine 220-235 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 146-156 10051475-7 1999 Additionally, antisera to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) prevented hepatotoxicity caused by D-galactosamine. Galactosamine 101-116 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 26-53 10051475-7 1999 Additionally, antisera to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) prevented hepatotoxicity caused by D-galactosamine. Galactosamine 101-116 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 55-64 10051475-8 1999 Moreover, apoptosis in hepatocytes caused by D-galactosamine occurred before necrosis (6 hours) and was prevented by glycine, GdCl3, TNF-alpha antiserum, and uridine. Galactosamine 45-60 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 133-142 10051475-9 1999 Thus, it was hypothesized that TNF-alpha from Kupffer cells causes apoptosis after D-galactosamine administration in the rat. Galactosamine 83-98 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 31-40 10051475-10 1999 Indeed, increases in TNF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected as early as 2.5 hours after D-galactosamine treatment. Galactosamine 94-109 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 21-30 9672246-1 1998 Liver injury accompanied by apoptosis of hepatocytes was provoked in mice by an intravenous injection of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) (1.0 microg/kg) together with an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-gal) (500 mg/kg). Galactosamine 220-225 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 146-156 8719310-4 1996 Wistar rats were used in which enhanced sensitivity to TNF/LPS reactions was achieved by treatment with galactosamine (GalN). Galactosamine 104-117 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 55-58 8719310-4 1996 Wistar rats were used in which enhanced sensitivity to TNF/LPS reactions was achieved by treatment with galactosamine (GalN). Galactosamine 119-123 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 55-58 9275643-4 1996 Moreover, anti-TNF alpha McAb blocked the effect of hepatocyte necrosis produced by D-Gal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Galactosamine 84-89 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 15-24 8179009-2 1994 The effects of the hepatotoxin D-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on hepatic and splenic TNF-alpha and MnSOD expression were studied. Galactosamine 31-46 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 106-115 8179009-3 1994 Treatment with GalN and LPS alone or in combination led to equivalent increases in hepatic and splenic TNF-alpha gene expression. Galactosamine 15-19 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 103-112